CHAPTER 3
Research Methodology
The chapter present the research design, research population and sample, sampling procedure,
research instruments, data collection procedure, data analysis, and ethical considerations.
Research Design
This study is within a quantitative research tradition as the results were expressed in numbers,
statistics, and tables using rating scales or counting frequencies. This study aimed determine the effect
of students absenteeism on their academic performance.
This study was also a correlational research approach within the quantitative research tradition,
as it aimed to examine the relationship between absenteeism and the academic performance of grade
11 students.
Research Population and Sample
This study utilized the grade 11 students under academic track: Humanities and Social Sciences
which consists 4 section and Accountancy, Business and Management stands with only 1 section. This
students our from PCNHS.
The total population of Grade 11 students consists of 190. However there are only 129
students that considered as respondents.
Sampling Procedure
As mentioned the total respondent of this study was 129 students out of 190 total population
of grade 11 students. This number of respondent were solved through the Slovins formula: the Slovins
formula is established for the computation of an acceptable sample size it helps researcher determine
the minimum sample size.
Slovins formula
N= the total population
E= margin error (0.05)
The sampling that the researcher used was simple random sampling Through lottery. The
researcher list all the name of grade 11 students and randomly picked.
Research Instruments
The research instrument that is used in this study is survey questionnaires throughout the
research in getting the data from the respondents. The research instrument is consisted of two parts.
Part 1 of this research instrument consists of the items which gather respondents profile such as their
name, sex, age, parent educational attainment and ethnicity. Part 2 of the research instruments consists
3 research questions that are How often the student absent in the past month, what are the some
reasons that have caused the student absent from school and What is the effect of absenteeism to
grade 11 students on their academic performance. And there are also 10 questions about the effect of
absenteeism on the academic performance of grade 11 students. In order to gather the accurate data,
the researchers looked for questionnaire that is related to the study.
SCALE DESCRIPTION RANGE INTERPRETATION
1 Strong 1.00-1.75
Disagree
2 Disagree
3 Agree
4 Strongly
Agree
Data Gathering Procedure
Crafting of Questionnaire
Validation Pre-informed
Revision Consent
Data Retrieval of Distribution of
Analysis Questionnaires Questionnaires
Figure 8. Flow of Gathering Data
The researchers prepared questionnaire that was researcher-made. Changes and validation of
the researcher-made questionnaires then prepared a pre-informed consents together with me
validation questionnaires, The researchers then proceeded dry-run questionnaire in grade 11 students
who experienced absences. After testing for reliability of the questionnaire, the researchers then
conduct the survey to the intended respondents.
The researchers obtained a consent letter from the school administrator and another consent
letter for the respondents as the participants of the study. After obtaining the authorization letter, the
researchers distributed the questionnaires to the selected respondents. All the collected data were then
thoroughly analyzed in order to get the appropriate results.
Data Analysis
The statistical tools used in this study were the following:
Frequency Distribution Table. This was used to present the data from the
modular distance learning questionnaire which were divided into four variables.
Mean. This was used to show the result of modular distance learning questions and
will be using and an indicator was used in interpreting the result.
Frequency count. A tally or calculation of how many students fit into the given grade
range and describe to wit:
Ethical Consideration
The issue of absenteeism among grade 11 students raises several concerns. From a student-
centered perspective, it is essential to consider the respect autonomy allowing students to take
responsibility for their attendance. However, this must be balanced with fairness and equity,
ensuring that students with legitimate reasons for absence such as illness or family
emergencies, are not unfairly penalized.
Additionally, schools have a responsibility to support students well-being, providing adequate
resources for those struggling with mental health or personal issues leading to absenteeism.
From an educational perspective, student have a moral obligation attend classes to maximize
learning opportunities. Absenteeism can negatively impact the academic performance,
ultimately affecting future opportunities.
Furthermore, teacher student relationships can be damaged, hindering academic support.
Schools must address underlying causes of absenteeism, allocating resources effectively to
support students
School administrators have a duty of care, ensuring students safety and well-being by
monitoring attendance. They must be held accountable for addressing systematic issues
contributing to absenteeism. Societally, students have a responsibility to contribute their
community by attending school, and absenteeism can have broader economic impacts,
exacerbating existing inequalities in education and opportunities. To address these concerns,
schools can implement flexible attendance can also help. Ultimate, addressing absenteeism
requires a multifaceted approach, balancing individual autonomy with collective responsibility.
