-

iiiiiiiiiii

DAVID COTTON I DAV ID FALVEY I SIMON KENT

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CONTENTS

Question forms , subjec t & object Personal ity adject ives (1. 1) Encyclo pedia entry about
quest ion s (1.2 ) Prefix es (1.3) extroverts & introverts Making
Present simple & present t0nnec.tions (1.1 )
Symbo ls & abb reviations ; linkers
cont inuous (1.3) (1.5) Article abo ut method act ing
Reacting to a text (1.2)
Article about charisma Identifyi ng
topil (1.3)

Past simple (2.1) Trave l expressions (2.1 ) Art icle about trave l &
Present perf ect simp le & past Phrasal verbs 1 (2.2) tou ri sm (2. 1)
simple (2.3 ) Words fro m the reading (2 .3) A rticles abou t famous explorers;
e\•aluating &. justifying (2 .2)
Time lin kers (2.5 )
A rticl e about Wi lfred Thesiger;
reac.ting to the topic ; extract from
A rabia n Sands (2.3)

Present perfect continu ous (3 .2) Work adjec tives; dependent Adverts for jobs; ranking &
Present perfect sim pl e and prepositions (3 .1) justifying c.hoiles (3 .1)
cont inuous (3.3 ) Expressions connected wi th time Art icle about hom eworking;
& work (3.2) eva luati ng advant.igt>s &
(3. 2)
Bl og comme nts about
work placeme nts; inferr ing
opinion (3.3)

Future forms: will, going to, Language learni ng (4.1) Advert for a la nguage course;
present co ntin uou s (4.2) Phrasal ve rbs 2 (4.1 ) evaluating the success
First condit io nal (4.3) of a tC'xt (4.1)
British & A merican mo ney idioms
(4.2 ) Ident ify ing genres; three texts
abou t Engli sh & Chinese (4.2)
Language style; com municat ion &
register (4 .3) Identifying main ideas; arti cle
about avoidi ng m istakes on line
Percentages & frac tio ns; Ii nker s
(4. 3)
(4.5)

Second con di tion al (5.2) Adverti sing adjec tives (5 .1) Article abou t adve rtising; inferr in g
Compar ison, emp hasising Word s w ith a sim il ar meani ng op inion (5.1 )
d iffere nce & sim ilarity (5.3) connected to 'cha nge' (5.2) For & Agai nst articl e about
Word comb in ations (5.3 ) mani pu lating im ages; evaluating
arguments ; text reference (5.2)
Essay ex pressio ns (5 .5)
Newspaper art icle abo ut
adve rti sing to ch ild ren;
respond ing to the topic (5.3)

Defi ning relat ive clauses (6.2) Educat ion & study ing (6.1) O n li ne di scussion about single -sex
Non -defining relative cla uses (6.3) schools (6 .1)
A rticl e about Maria Montesso ri;
t>valuating a summary (6.2)
Newspaper edi torial about free
un iversi ty edu catio n; challeng ing
opinions (6.3)

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I listening I p .
ronuncra ion
I Scenario I
Study Skills I Writing I Video

Co nversation about Di scussing personalit ies; Key language: giv ing Writing questio ns (1.2 ) Meet the expert: an
appearance & personal ity Word stress (1.1) opi nion s, agreeing & Study ski ll s: Taking notes interv iew with Mic hael
;,] disagreeing, making Gould , a professional actor,
Discussing personality tests while readi ng
Radio interv iew w ith a (1.2) suggestions about method acting (1.2)
Writ ing skill s: A for and
ps'c hologis t (1 .2) Discussing charisma (1.3) Task: choosing a new against essay
team member
Scenario: c hoosing a new
member

Qu estions & answers about Compil ing a li st of travel Key language: discussing Writing travel tips (2 .1 ) Study skills video: making
·-a, elling abroad; inferrin g tips (2.1 ) advantages & disadvantages, Study skills: Taking notes notes w hile li stening to a
... tude (2. 1) -ed endings; talkin g about making suggestions wh ile l istening talk about Thor H eyerdahl
:aterview abo ut the past I ife events (2 .2) Task: organising a study trip (2 .5)
W ritin g skill s: A
I,; niversities Explorers Contraction s; choosing Scenario: discussing issues of biograp hical profile
Programme (2.3) suitable jobs (2.3) past study trips and planning
a more successful one

People talking about Discussing jobs (3 .1 ) Key language: asking Writi ng a job advert (3. 1) Meet the expert: an interview
'10fTlewo rking (3 .2) Discussing what is questio ns, givi ng answers Study skill s: Organising with Caroline Matthews,
interv iew with three importa nt in a job (3. 1) Task: taking part in an ideas and paragraph s about her internship
,·ude nts about their work interview W rit ing ski lls: Covering in the insuranrP
Disc ussing ideal work i ng
"J acements (3.3) letter & Curric ulum Vi tae industry (3.3)
hour s (3.2) Scenario: con ductin g
o nvc rsation w ith a and parti cipat ing in an (CV)
Discussingwork placements
•.•uee rs counsello r; peop le (3.3) interview
;..mg about CVs (3 .5)
Correctin g politely (3 .2)

.>m ersation between two

, .JC!ents (4.2 )
Discussing language issues Key language: accep tin g &
rejecting ideas, consideri ng
·-
Study skills: Describ ing
chart s & tables
Meet tlie expert: interview
with Henry Hitchin gs,
'1'ervic w w ith an expert Debate about Bri tish and consequences W riting skill s: A report author of Language Wars,
co mmun icatio n (4 .3) Ame rican Engli sh (4.2) Task: selecting an English describin g a chart about English as a global
language programme language (4.2)
Comp ili ng a list of D os
& Do n' ts for online Scenario: discussing
com munica tion (4.3) proposal s and choos ing
the best one

P-oople talking about Talking about adverts (5 .1 ) Key language: the Study ski lls: Critical Meet the expert: interview
ac!.erts (5 .1) Choosing photos for adverts language of presentations thinkin g w ith Vena Raffle about the
.Aw ersation about (5.1) Task: giving a formal Writ ing ski ll s: An opinion· work of the UK Advertising
1gning a website (5.2) presentation led essay; p lan ning yo ur Standards Au thor ity (5.3 )
Dis cussing cosmetic
.., extract from a lectu re surgery (5.2 ) Scenario: b rainstormin g for essay
..., cri tical thinkin g (5 .5) Group d iscussion an advertising camP,aign
comparing the benefits of and selecting the most
differe nt quad bikes (5.3) effective one

".>t-0ple talking about their Disc ussing education (6 .1 ) Key language: d iscussing Wr it ing your op in ion Meet the expert: interview
"'1ica tion; infe rri ng Tim ed discussio n about opti ons on line (6 .1 } with Rob Gueterbock, a
tude (5.1) educational issues (6.2) Task: probl em-solving Describing a teacher (6.2 ) Montessori teacher, about
.;dent describin g a the Montessori method of
Descri bin g & com paring Scenar io: looking a Study skil ls: Reading
.:icher (6.1) educatio n (6.2)
different educational prob lems at a uni versity strategies: pred icting,
eople talkin g abo ut thei; systems (6.3) and fi nding solutions ski mming , scanni ng,
J' 'ersity experience (6.3) inferrin g
Writ ing skil ls: Formal
correspondence,
correspondence
convention s

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CONTENTS

Moda ls (necessity & obl igatio n) Word building; design adject ives Introduction from a design book;
(7.2) (7.1 ) reacting to the text (7 .1 )
Modals (present deduction) (7.3) Material s, shapes & textu re; Three articles about design periods;
abstract noun s (7.2) justifying opin ions (7.2)
Words fro m the reading (7.3) Article about Alessi; identifying
Linkers (7.5) main ideas (7.3)

Past continuous (8.2) Business terms & roles (8.1 ) Leaflet for new businesses(8. 1)
Past perfect simple Collo cations 2: business (8.3) Arti cle about business
di lemmas (8.2)
Obituar ies of business ico ns;
iden t ifying &
differences (8 .3)

The passive (9.2) Word s from the reading (9. 1) Leaflet about women &
Articles (9.3) Collo cations3 (9.1 ) engineering; ident ifying genre
(9. 1)
Hazards and global threats (9.2)
Article about asteroids;
Expressions for managing a
identifying facts (9 .2)
discussio n (9.5)
Three artic les about
superstructures; identifying
problems (9.3)

Expressions of quantity (10.2 ) Phrasal verbs 3 (10.1) Article about 'the tippin g point';
Infinit ives & -ing forms (10.3) Fashion (T0.2) reflecting on the topic (10. 1)

Describin g trends (10.5) Articl e about c"ultura l influences

on fashion; ide ntif yin g examp les
(10.2)
Art icle about paying for music;
reacting to the text (10.3)

Reported speech (1 1.2) Describ ing books and film s; media Reviews; infe rrin g the writer's
genre (11. l ) opinion (11.1 )
Reported questions (1 1.3)
Words connected with the Articl e abou t medi a
arts (11 .2) recl uses (11 .2)
Expressions for a Interv iew wi th Rageh Omar ;
pre sentatio n (1 1.5) id enti fy ing topics (11.3)

Third condition al (12.2) Crime( 12 .1 ) Articl e about stupid crimi nals;

Collocati ons 4 (12.2) inferrin g emotions (12.1)
Modal s (past deduct ion) (12.3)
Article about the psycho logy of
cr ime (12.2)
News report on a robbery in
Sweden; looking at genre (12 .3)

Language reference (p 12 6-149) M eet the Expert (p150-1 54) Communi cation Activities (p15 5-163)
Aud ioscript s (p164 - 175)
I Listening

Conversation between two

I p
ronunoa ion
Word stress; talking about
Scenario

Key language: describing

I Study Skills I Writing
Describ ing a favour ite
Video

Meet the Expert: an

designers (7 .2) the design of everyday qualitie s object (7 .1) interview with Freyja Sewell,
Conversations at a design objects (7 .1) Task: evaluating designs Study skill s: Proofreadin g a furniture and product
museum (7.3) Designin g a new prod uct designer,
Scenario: jud ging products Writing skil ls: A produ ct

A
(7.2) about her
Conversation w ith a to choose the w innin g report
designs (7.2)
lecturer about w ritten work Talking about re-designing design
- .5 ) an object (7 .3)

o;ydio interview w ith Planning a new business Key language: the Describin g a memorab le M eet the Expert: an
• business advi sor; (8.1) language of negotiation event (8.2 ) interv iew with Teresa Le
(8 .1 ) Reacti ng to the top ic; Task: negotiating Study skills: Recogn ising about the V ietnamese
om ersation about a d iscussing business fo rmal & info rmal food busines!
Scenario: negotiating to
-u mess idea (8.1 ) di lemmas; wea k forms language; beginning & she set up in
get the best deal
(8.2 ) endi ng correspondence London (8.1)

Talk ing about successful Writi ng skil ls: Formal &

people (8.3 ) informa l correspo ndence

::ad10 interview with a Discussing engineering Key language: discussing Writing about the greatest
m an engineer (9 .1 ) achievemen ts (9.1 ) options, making decisions engineerin g achievement
ussion between Ranking global threats (9.2) Task: assessing a p rojec t (9.1 )
:: '.leer stud ent s (9 .5) Talking about Scenario : decidi ng on a Study skil ls: Participa ting
superstructures; weak Mega Project in a group discussio n;
forms; debate about understandi ng body
superstruc tures (9 .3) language
Writing skill s: Describi ng a
process using the passive

.ersation betw een a Talk ing about trends (1 0.1 ) Key language: raising & Describing a recent trend
CH;er and a shop Talkin g about fashion responding to issues (10.1)
-:ant 10.2) (10.2 ) Task: participating in a Study ski lls: Recording &
talking about their D iscussing paying for meeting learning vocabul ary
habits (10.3) down loads; numb ers Scenario: discussin g W riting skills: Describin g
.>fl" talk ing about (10.3) prob lems and w inning a trend; avoid ing
:ar. learnin g (10.5 ) soluti ons repetition

... 11.1 ) D escrib ing a favourite Key language: comparing Writ ing an onlin e review
.-er:.ation about a job book or film (11. 1) & contrasting (11.1)
,•, 11 .3) Discussing the arts and Task: choosing a film to Reporting an interview (11.3)
celebr it ies; ju stify ing produce Study skil ls: Del iver ing
op in io ns (1 1.2) Scenario: Wei ghing up a presentatio n
Giving a w itness report the options to reach a Wr iti ng skill s: A short
of an im aginary news group d ecision fo rma l report; making
event (11 .3) generalisations

C :..mg about their Dis cussing the seriousness Key language: reach ing a Study skill s: Summ arisi ng Meet the Expert: an
-p arin g & of crimes (12.1 ) decis ion Writing skill s: A cau se & interv iew wi th Stefanie
12.2 1 Task: discussing court effect essay Bier..Yerth, a pub li sher,
Discussi ng con trov ersial
,,.mg abo ut a statements (12 .2) cases about the appeal
• 2.3 of crim e
Solving a crim e Scenario : Looking at court
fiction
• r· a lecture on (1 2.3) case and agreeing on (12.1 )
:it\; an extract verdicts
...re on car
 Personality
1.1 PERSONALITYTYPES

'My on e regret in life is that I am not som eon e e/sc.' Woody Allen 1935- , US film -maker, writ er and ad or

VOCABULARY PRONUNCIATION
PERSONALITYADJECTIVES
4a .. Word str ess On which part of the compou nd adjective in
1a Work with a partner to think of as Exercise 3 does th e stress fall? Listen and check, then repeat th e words.
many personality adjectives as you can,
e.g. friendly, generous. 4b Matc h the meanin gs below with an adj ectiv e from Exercise 3.
A person who ...
1b Choose three adjectives which yo u 1 does not easily beco me angry: even-tempered
think describe your own personality. 2 is determin ed to do what they wa nt: _
3 is not easil y upset or annoyed: __
2 Look at these adjectiv es connected
4 accepts other ideas and opini ons: __ _
with person ality. Whi ch ones are positiv e,
5 makes a lot of effo rt:
which are negative and which are neutral ?
6 believes in thei r own success:
adventurous ambitious assertive 7 behaves in a calm way even in a difficult situation: __ _
bossy cautious creative energetic 8 is friend ly, kind and generou s: __ _
lik eable moody organi sed qui et
reliabl e sensibl e sensitiv e serious
4c Think of peopl e you know and one or two adjectives to describe
each person. Explain why yo u describe them lik e this. Give examples.
sociabl e talkati ve thoughtful

LISTENING
3 Match words 1--8 with words a-h to
mak e compound adje ctives connected
Sa Look at th e people in th e ph otos and discuss. What kind of
personality do yo u think each person has?
with character. •
1 easy- a wo rking Sb ID Listen to the thr ee people talkin g. Wa s your description of
2 open- "----- b them accurat e? A speaks first.
3 even- c going
4 hard- d hearted
5 self- e tempered
6 stron g- f wil led
7 wa rm- g headed
8 level- h mind ed

6
 EADING
6a Divide th ese adjectives into two
Extroverts and introverts
PERSONALITYTYPES
-
according to personality types .
c!d'. e nturous cautious enthusiastic
..iiet reserved self-confident
•.... :...ative thoughtful

6b . ow divide these jobs into two

according to personality types .
',\n ich adjectives from Exercise 6a do
ou think go with which jobs? Work with
a partn er and explain your choices .
salesperson politician engineer
acher inventor manager writer

a Read the e ncycloped ia entry quickly

check your ideas in Exercise 6.
- b Read the text again. Are the se
"2t eme nts t rue or false according to
'"'e text?
'ung thought of the terms extrovert and
9 Everyone has a different quiet, thoughtful and may be shy.
personality. It is what makes They like to think and consider
ntrovert. befo re taking action, and will often
people individualsand unique.
:-he terms describe a person's way of However, there are some shared analyse before speaking. In contrast
'looking at life. personality qualities which let to extroverts they value fewer, but
l E-..troverts prefer to be surrounded by us talk about personality'types'. deeper experiences.When feeling
people rather than be on their own. One of the most basic personality bad or stressed; introverts look
.ntroverts don't think.,carefully before differences is between extroverts inside themselves for energy and
· ey do things. and introverts. These terms motivation. Introverts often work
5 Scientists agree that extroverts are this are used in many theories of as artists, writers, engineers and
personality type when they are born. personality types. They were made inventors.
''1troverts tend to be happier than popular by t he important Swiss Although the types are different,
e-..troverts. psychiatrist Carl Jung (1875-1961), most people have both extrovert
8 ' ing connect ions Work with a although he did not invent them. and introvert characteristics in their
- :!:ner and choos e five jobs. Discuss Extroversion and introversion personality. but often they are more
pe rsonality types the jobs would are ways of describing a person's one type than the other. There has
_::;-act and why. The n discuss your attit ude to the world: do they been some interestingresearch into
....:ces with another pair. move towards it or away from it? why peopleare basically extroverts
Extroverts are people who look or introverts. Some people say that
---?'..:ter programmer musician outwards. They are friendly, extroverts and introvertsare born
fashion mode l sociable, talkative, enthusiastic and not made. Others believe that
·c:..· an film director police officer self-confident. They are interested environment is more important in
-cher songwriter journalist in a range of experiencesand enjoy shaping someone's personality.
spending time with other people. Attitudes t owards introverts
- .\" ING They tend to act first, then think and extroverts vary in different
later. When extrovertsfeel bad, cultures. For example, Americans
•ork with a partner to discuss the unmot ivated or without energy. value extrovert qualities. However,
wing. they look outside themselves. This cultures such as those in central
""-.our opinion, how useful do you means they might go shopping, Europe and south east Asia regard
""n ' the two personality types are for call friends or have a party. Typical introvert characteristics more
- ribing personality? extrovert jobs are in politics, sales, highly. Interestingly, research
',h at telIs you more abo ut a person's teaching and management. shows that people who live on
their clothes, their body Introverts, on the other hand, islands tend to be more introverted.
a1ouage, their voice, their attitude, look inwards. They feel more Studies have also found that
":eir tastes or something else? Which comfortable alone and enjoy ideas extroverts have higher happiness
, best in your op inion? and th inking. They are reserved, levels than introverts.

7
 EXPLORING PERSONALITY

I'
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
1 How useful do you think the fo llowing are fo r judgin g a
METHOD
per son' s character?

personality tests handwriting analysis star signs/horoscopes interviews

2 Have y ou ever don e a person ality test? If so, w hy?

3a - Listen to an intervi ew w ith Dr Frank Partrid ge, an expert
in psychom etri cs (the measurement of intelli gence and personal
qualit ies). Tick (./) th e topi cs cove red in th e in terview.
1 things that psychomet ric tests measure
2 the first tests
3 prob lems w ith personality tests
4 the Myers- Briggs test
5 the fut ure of personality tests

3b Compl ete t he qu esti o ns that th e interv iewe r asks.

1 W hat exactly ___ psychometrics ___ ?
2 How psychom etric testing _ ?
3 useful the tests?
4 _ they reliable?
5 W hat __ personalit y tests __ you about a person?
6 __ you _ any of these tests yourself?
7 W hat yo u on at the mom ent? ome actors believe that they
3c List en again and check yo ur answers to Exercise 3b.

GRAMMAR
S have to 'become' the people they
play in order to give a convincing
performance. Actors who think and
behave in character to prepare for their
QUFSTION FORMS
4
..
Look at th e questions yo u compl ete d in Exercise 3b. Whi ch tense
roles are known as 'method actors'. Two
classic examples today of method actors
is used in each questi o n? are Daniel Day-Lewis and Johnny Depp.
Daniel Day-Lewis is undoubtedly the
5 Are th ese statements abo ut question form ation tru e o r false? greatest method actor of our time. He
Correct th e ones th at are false.
has won three Oscars for best male actor
1 In question s w ith the verb be, we put the verb before the subject. - more than any other male actor. He
2 In present simple qu estions (except w ith be), we use the auxili ary works only when it suits him. He does
verb do /does. not act for the money. He chooses roles
3 In past simp le questions, we use the auxiliary verb has/have. in films that are difficult to play and tries
4 In present continuous questio ns, we put do/does before the subject.
to understand totally the thoughts and
5 In present perfect questions, we put has/have before the subject.
emotions of the personalities he portrays.
6 Loo k at a and b below, then answ er qu estio ns 1-3 . He prepares thoroughly for roles and finds
a Who designed the Stanforq-Bin et test? ways in which he can 'live' in a character.
- Alfred Binet designed it. He becomes completely involved in the
b W hat did Alfred Binet design? character. For the film The Boxer, he
- A lfred Binet designed the first usable intel ligence test. devised a training schedule: twice a day
1 In wh ich questio n (a or b) is the wh- word the subject? (This is a in the gym, seven days a week for three
subject question .) years. He became so fit that he could
2 In w hich (a or b) is the wh - word the object? (This is an have entered the ring professionally.
object question. ) His method acting also appeared when
3 In whic h type of question do we form the question wit h an he played the role of Christy Brown, the
auxiliary verb, e.g. do/does, did? Irish artist with cerebral palsy, in the
....,. Language refere nce and extra practice pages 126- 127 film My Left Foot. Day-Lewis stayed in
a wheelchair while on set spoke like a
person with cerebral palsy, and asked crew
members to spoon-feed him and wheel
him about. At this time, he taught himself
to paint like Brown, using his toes.
8
 q
tl
7a
I
EXPLORING PERSONALITY

ut t he words in th e right o rde r to ma ke qu estio ns from a

per son ality test. t
-
ACTING 1
2
3
4
do I ever I yo u I get I wor ried I ?
you I are I a I confid e nt I person I ?
you I do I make I easily I friends I ?
makes I happ y I what I you I ?
One of his most difficult roles was 5 who I you I pho ne I do I when I yo u I wo rried I are I ?
when he played the 16th President of 6 in yo ur life I influen ce I who I the I biggest I is I ?
the United States, Abraham Lincoln, 7 test I you I a I ever I have I perso nality I taken I ?
in Steven Spielberg's film Lincoln. 8 worry I about I do I wha t I you I the I most I?
According to one critic, he 'eases into a 9 influenced I you I at I sc hoo l I most I who I the I ?
10 best I adv ice I gives I yo u I who I the I ?
role of epic difficulty as if it were a coat
he had been wearing for years'. He stayed 7b Wo rk with a partne r to ask and answer the questions.
in character during the production,
speaking at all times in Lincoln's 8 Wo rk with a pa rtn e r to co mple te a text a bo ut Sigmund Fre ud.
Kentucky accent. Take t urn s to ask and answe r qu estions. Prep are yo ur qu estio ns first.
Another famous method actor is Johnny Stud e nt A: turn to page 1 63.
Jepp. He often stays in character during a Stud e nt B: turn to page 157.
:.lm. He likes to paint a portrait of a new A: Who was born on 6th May 7856?
character to help him find the person's B: Sigmund Freud.
:ace and personality. For example, he
;xi.inted the Mad Hatter, for the film Alice READING
:..1 Wonderland,with tangerine hair. One
o: his best known roles is as Edward 9 Loo k at th e ph otos of two actor s. Wh at do yo u know a bo ut them
and th eir style of acting?
Scissorhands. Edward Scissorhandsis a
:.:..11 about an artificial man named Edward 1Oa Read th e first parag ra ph of th e article. Wh at is ' meth o d actin g'?
·::'.'!o has scissors for hands. Depp was so_
1 Ob You are go ing to read an article abo ut two method acto rs and
:o:nmitted to the role that he passed out how th ey prepare for a characte r. Sca n the article and name three films
::-o:n heat exhaustion in one scene. that Daniel Day- Lewis app ea red in and two films that Jo hnn y De pp
:o5my Depp has describ'ed his feelings ap pea red in.
a.=:er finishing the film: 'I can remember
1Oc Read th e article aga in. Find exam ples of how the two acto rs we re
-:::e::i I finished Edward Scissorhands commi tted to the roles they played in eac h of th e films me ntioned.
in the mirror as the girl was
:::..""'.g my make-up for the last time and 1Od React ing to the text Read th e final paragraph agai n. Wo rk wit h
::_:_-.king,"Wow, this is it. I'm saying a partne r and talk a bout th e film cha racte r yo u have fo und most
; :oobye to Edward Scissorhands." You difficult t o say goo dbye to, an d w hy.
..::'.:r:.- it was kind of sad. But in fact I 11 Disc uss th ese qu estio ns in group s.
:: -:. they're all still somehow in there ...
- part you play, there is a certain 1 Wh ich actor wou ld you most like to mee t, and why?
2 Do yo u know any other fi lms that these actors appea red in?
of yourselfin it. There has to be,
What did yo u think of those fi lms?
- it's just not acting. It's lying.'
3 Do you know of any other method actors?

WR ITING
12 Imagine yo u are goin g .to me et a famou s pe rso n, dea d o r alive
(e.g. a fam ous leade r in histo ry, a film star, a po p sta r, a cha racte r in a
bo ok). W rite dow n five q uest ion s you wo uld like to ask thi s pe rson.
The n co mp are your q uest io ns with a partne r.

Watch an interv iew with Michae l Go uld, a professional

acto r, about metho d acting.
Turn to page 150 for video activities.

9
' 1.3 CHARISMA

READING
1 Look at th e photos of famous people. Work with a
r partner to di scuss the followin g.
1 W hat do you know about the peopl e in the photos
on this page?
2 Thi nk of three qual ities whic h you associate w ith
each person.

2a Scan the arti cle quickl y and answer the questions.

1 W hich people are mentioned in the article?
2 W hat do (or did) they do to earn a living?

2b Identifying topic sentences Read the article again and

put the first sentence of each paragraph in the correct gap.
a U nfortunatel y, we can also find example s of peop le
w ho have abused their charisma.
b Is charisma dangerous?
c Most people will recognise the wo man in this phot o.
d Most of us expect our leaders to have charisma.
e Nowa days, psychologi sts are taking a greater interest
in charisma and want to redefine its meaning.

IN FOCUS I CHARISMA

---- - She is Michelle Obama,

the wife of Barack Obama. In the photo,
she is greeting children of her employees
who have come to th e White House for a
' Bring your children
{i:-\
to work day'. Michelle ---------
Obama regularly gives ta lks all over the
many examples of people who use Some, like the Canadian ex-tycoon
world to youn g people. She tells them th at
charisma in a positive way. Conrad Black, have served prison
anything can happen if they work hard
Mart in Luther King was one of sentences . Far more serious ly, we
and never give up on their dream. She
th e leaders of the Civil Rights can all think of famous military
is cur rently working on a project which
movement in the Unite d States. and political leaders who have
encoura ges young people to ea t more destroyed their countries and
healthil y. She inspires young people He was a chari smatic speake r
who non-violent met hods caused great harm to their peop le.
because she has a special quality - charisma. . ' '
to brirfg about equality .between ___ _ _ It certainly is
___ _ _ They point out th at people black and white people. Nelson when it causes us to lose our
often misunderst and what charisma is and Mandela and Aung San Suu critical judgemen t, an d this is
think of it as a kind of fame, but it is not the Kyi are two other examp les of freque ntly the case. When we
same as the celebrity overrated pop stars. charismat ic politica l leader s who choose our leaders, it. is vital
Charisma is a kind of magic and is relatively share th e qualiti es of self-sacrifice to consid er whet her they have
rare. Charismatic personalities are able to and personal courage. the knowledge, wisdom and
draw people to them, and they succeed in 4 exper ience to do a good job.
getting others to see them as a feader. - - - - In the business That is what really matters .
world, many top business
__ We want them to inspire us executives have misused their
and offer us a vision of a better fut ure. But chari sma and acted in a way t hat
is chari sma a good or bad thin g? There are greatly damaged their companies. ,., i
;

10
2c
I

Answer these questions about th e artide.

I

Why is Miche lle Obama so good at giv ing talks?

'

GRAMMAR
CHARISMA

PRESENT SIMPLE AND PRESENT CONTINUOUS

-
1 What mistake do people make about charisma? 6a Look at th e highlight ed phrases in the art icle and
3 What special abilit y do charismatic people have? Exercise 2b. Mark them PS for present simple and PC for
What was Mart in Luther King trying to achi eve? present continuou s.
5 Why does the writer mention Conrad Black?
6 What is the wri ter's opin ion about charisma? 6b Look at the uses a-d of the present simple and present
continuous. Match each use to one of the phrasesin the
8C ABULARY article. Then write th e correct tense in the gaps.
EFIXES a an acti on happening around now (often tempora ry):

3a Find words in the articl e that mean th e following.

b a regular or habitua l action: __
describe something again, and in a better way (para 2) c a fact or general truth:
not understand correctly (para 2) d a trend or a changing situation: _ _
3 not as good as some people think or say (para 2)
.! used something in the wrong way or for a wro ng GRAMMAR TIP
purpose (para 4)
5 a person who used to be very successful and We often use these verbs to talk about trends: grow,
powerfu l in business (para 4) increase, decrease , change, rise, fall
The number of people researching the power of
3b Unde rlin e the prefixes in the words yo u found. charisma is increasing.
:.a:ch each prefix with o ne of the se meanin gs.
Im+ Language reference and extra practice pages 126-127
'Teet for mer again too much
7a Look at these sentences and choose the correct answer.
lo ok at th e w ords below . What do th e und erlin ed
.. .:! 1 Dr Partri dge regularly gives I is regularly giving talks
- -e-1xes mean? about personali ty.
c-vcle 2 The professor interviews I is interview ing a candidate
....-,tisocial at the moment and can't come to the phone .
"° norail 3 The num ber of companies using personality tests
grows I is growing .
4 I do lots of different research, but today I carry out I I'm
d comfo rt carrying out research into the personalities of twins.
5 He drives I is driving to work every day.
Thi nk of a wo rd with a prefi x that means the same 6 People become I are becoming very interested in
&s - e underl in ed words in these sentences. how personalit ies develop over time.
+-ie ''as always too confident. 7 A psycholog ist studies I is studying the w ay peop le' s
t-i team played much better than the other team. min ds work.
S e asked her former boss for adv ice. 8 The doctor 's pract ice is I is being in Harley Street.
-i: mother's French and his father's Italian, so he' s 9 I read I am reading an interesting book on
.a le to s eak two la..Qguages flu ently. psychology at the mome nt.
-e me to wr ite the essay again. 10 The survey found that most people feel that modern
- - ability was not as great as peop le believed. life becomes I is becoming more difficul t.
_he did not cor rect! understand the lecturer.
'hn't like people who don't listen w hen I' m talking. 7b Match the sentences in Exercise 7a with the uses in
Exercise 6b.

8a Use the following prompt s to wr ite questions in

3 · ork wi th a partner to discuss the fo llowin g. th e present simple or present continuous.

ou were choosing photog raphs of people for 1 make fr iends I easily?

..., art icle about charismatic people, who wou ld 2 wh at I usuall y I do I weekend?
..i choose?
3 wha t I read I at the moment?
the most important qual ity to possess 4 enjo y I art and music?
ou wa nt to be successful in yo ur career? If not, 5 prefer I extrovert s or introver ts?
n.at other qualities are imp ortant? 6 wo rk I on any new projects now?
-e chari smatic people dangerous? 7 do I anything interesting I at the moment?
Ca"l charisma be taught? 8 lose temper I easily?

8b With a partner , add two more quest ions and then

take turns to ask and answer the questions. Tell the
class one inter estin g fact abo ut yo ur part ner.
11
.;;; 1.4
·-- -
SCENARIO
PERSONALITYCLASH

SITUATION KEY LANGUAGE

GIVING OPINIONS, AGREEING AND DISAGREEING,
1 Read th e situation below. Wh at probl ems might the
new assistant have working for two bosses? MAKING SUGGESTIONS
3a Listen again and complete th e extracts .
Sydney GKNX, an Australi an company, has a small 1 CHRI S: It's not our fault, is it?
office in Sydney whic h seHs television and radio JODIE: _ _ _ _ _ _ . I suppose we are diffic ult
programmes. The office staff consist of Chris Mor ton at times.
(television), Jodie Wa lker (radio ) and two secretaries 2 C HRIS: Mmm, _ __, I do have a bad temper
Georgia and Debbie. The office needs a new at times.
assistant who w ill wo rk for both Chris and Jodie. 3 CHRIS : That's the kind of person I wa nt to
employ here.
JO DI E: Sorry, I ____ with you about Barbara.
2a ID Listen to Chris and Jodie talking . Wh at is the
_ _ __, she was a really hard worker.
main problem they must solve? Did you think of it in
4 JODIE: Louise was jealous of my relatio nship
Exercise 1?
wit h Georgia.
2b Listen again and note the good and bad points CHRIS: I
about Chris and Jodie's personalities . Compare your 5 JODIE : W hy don't we go for a man this time?
answers with a partner. C HRIS: No, that's __ __ _ __
6 CHRIS: We wa nt someone, male or female, w ho' ll
fit in here. I _ _ we contact the agency
+ again . ...
JODIE: O K, ___ you phonin g them this
ti me? I'm reall y busy, .. .

3b Look at th e words and phrases you put in th e gaps

in Exercise 3a. In each case was the speaker:
a giving an opini on? c disagreeing?
b agreeing? d suggestin g?

3c Look at Audio script 1.4 on page 164. Work with

a partn er to find other examples of the language
functions in Exercise 3b.
 PERSONALITYCLASH
Ill
·4 Chris and Jodie send an email to Recruitment TASK
Associates, an emplo yment agency in Sydney. Read CHOOSIN G A NEW TEAM MEMBER
this extract from th e email and answer the questions .
5a Work with a partner. You work for Recruitment Associates.
1 Discuss the qual ities that Chris and Jodie are looking You are going to choose a suitable candidate for the job.
for. Are some of the qualities more impo rtant than
others? If so, w hat are they? Student A: read the profiles of Elayne and Daniela below.
2 What other qualities, not mentioned in the email, do Student B: read the profiles of Rashid and Mitsuo on page 159.
you thin k the assistant needs? Underline th e good points of your candidates and put a
cross against th e bad poi nts.

From
To
Chris.Smith.@my:emails.au
[email protected]
I 5b Share inform atio n abo ut the personaliti es of the
candidates yo u stud ied. Di scuss t he good and bad point s
of each one.
We are looking for someone who is:
• lively and sociable;able to get on with men
Sc Rank the candid ates in order of suitabilit y
and women. (1 = most suitable, 4 = least suitable).
• mature, open-minded, not over-sensitive. 6 As a class, choose the best candidate to be Chris and
• self-confident, with a strong personality. Jodie's new assistant. •
• h'Ord-working;able to work under pressure.
• flexible and with a good sense of humour.
• very smartly dressed. Elayne: Australian, agea 22
• man or woman, any nationality. ,.;;- Comes from a large family (two older
You know us both well and you have the job description. brothers, three sisters). Smiles a lot,
Please note what we say above. but also use your own has a sunny personality. Speaksin a
loud voice. Very self-confident.Maybe
judgement lo find a suitable candidate for us.
over-confident?
Best wishes
Chris and Jodie Your three best qualities?'extrover:t,energetic,
cooperative - willingto do any task, even if it's boring'
Your worst quality? 'I am strong-willed and don't like to be
criticised.'
Your ideal boss? 'Someonewho gives clear instructions,so
I know what to do.'
Why choose her? 'I'm popularwhereverI work becauseI'm
even-temperedand reLiable.'
Doesn'tsmoke. Thinkssmokingshould not be allowedin any
place of entertainment,e.g. a cafe, bar or sportsground.
Interests: basketball,hiking and dancing (rock and jive).
Interested in fashion.
Dressed in a smart businesssuit for the interview.

An only child. Confident and sensible.

A good sense of humour. Laughs a
lot. Speaks English with a strong
Italian accent.

Your three best quaLities?'responsible,open-minded,flexible'

Your worst quality?'I can be moody at times.'
Your ideal boss? 'Someonewho lets you do your duties
your own way and doesn'tinterferetoo much.'
Why choose her? 'I don't need a boss to tell me what to do
all the time. I ca.n work independentlyand under pressure.'
Smokes a lot. Life-long vegetarian. Has strong views about
people who eat meat.
Interests: reading,cinema,going to restaurantswith friends.
Dressedcasuallyin a white jumperand black skirt.
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STUDY SKILLS PARAGRAPH 3 NOT ES

· MAKING NOTES W HILE READING Women drivers

1 Work with a partner to discuss the following.

1 When do you need to make notes?
2 What tec hniqu es do you use when you make note s?
3 Which so urces do you trust more when reading -
books o r onli ne so urces?

2a Rea d the essay below. Which statements in the 13_ _ _

essay do you disagr ee with?

fov- e><o.Wlp\e by 15
__ _

2b Note -takin g Read the essay again and co mplete

the notes. Use one o r two words in each gap.
PARAGRAPH 2 NOTES

• WOM£N -PRIVE.RS
• · pc::1tient c::1nd 1 to other s on the

• roc::1d lil<.e 2
• stc::1y 4
c::1V\d 3_ _ _
ii"> 5___ _ Sitv<11tionS
• · roc::1d 6_ incidents fewer
· cc::1vtiovs poov- spo.tio.I 20_ _ _

7
· t.::11<.e fewer _ _ _ whe n 6_

9
less lil<.ely to 10 2c Which style of note-t aking in Exercise 2b-
• · W\o r e
whe n
_
11
_
_

_ _
_,

o r c::1fter drin l<.in:;) bullet ed notes or word webs - do yo u prefe r? Which

• do yo u think is most effective for und e rstandin g and

proc ess ing a te xt?

Are women better drivers

than men?
3 On the other hand, many people argue that
1 Some people believe t hat women are better cause accidents because they can
drivers than men. However,others think that be indecisiveor react slowly because they
women make worse drivers. In one survey lack confidence.In addition, they are easily
of 3,000 male drivers in the UK, most felt distracted, for example, by children in the car
they were better drivers than the women in scenery or other drivers. Research also shows'
their lives.The idea that women make worse that women find map reading more difficult
drivers is a stereotype. It comes from a time men, and can have problems with the
when women drove less than men, and driving difference between left and right. Despite
was seen as a man's responsibility. There are fact that women have more accidents,
certainly different views on this controversial insurance is often cheaper for them because
question, although there are a number of the accidents tend to be minor. In particular,
reasons why a woman's personality makes her women have more accidents when parking
a more competent driver. This is because women often have poor .
2 Firstly,women are more patient and polite spatial awareness. In contrast, men tend to
towards other road users, such as pedestrians have more serious accidents.
and cyclists. In stressful situations they are 4 To sum up, it can be seen that women make
more likely to stay calm, and less likely to be safer drivers than men because of their
involved in 'road rage' incidents. Secondly, personality.This is supported by t he fact that
female drivers are more cautious and have fewer serious accidents and pay
therefore take fewer risks, for instance when insurance premiums than men. Overall,
overtaking. Thirdly, t hey are more responsible it is clear that women are less competitive
so they tend not to drive when tired or after and aggressive t han men behind the wheel
drinking alcohol. and therefore better drivers.

14
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS
-E
3a Symb ols and abbr eviation s Have you thought Sa Linkers Loo k at th e highlight ed phrases in the text.
abo ut using symbols and abbreviations? Match the which of them are used to do the following.
·common symbols and abbreviations below with their 1 li st/add point s 3 show contra st
meaning . Can yo u add any others? 2 int rodu ce examp les 4 introduce a co nclu sion
1 & a this leads to I causes
2 + b male I man Sb Look at the structures that are used with the
3 > c greater I more than I better than link ers for contrast. Whi ch linker s need a new
4 < d female I w oman sentence? Which link ers always need two clauses?
5 e.g. e smaller I less than 6a Combine these two sentences using the fiv e
6 d f is not equal to I the opposite phras es for show ing contrast in Exercise Sa.
7 9 g that is I thi s means
He is patie nt and careful at work. He is imp atient and
8 - h and
aggressive wh en he dri ves.
9 is the same as I equals
10 . . j for example H e is patient and careful at work. However, he is
11 1.e. k plu s I in addit ion to imp atient and aggressive when he dri ves.
12 / I therefore
6b Complet e the sentences in an appropri ate way.
'3b Look again at the notes in Exercise 2b and change 1 He was slow and often late for w ork. How ever, ...
them using some of the above symbols and abbreviations . 2 Althou gh the tw ins looked the same, ...
3 Despite the fact that he was shy, ...
WRITING SKILLS 4 Childr en find learnin g languages easy. Adu lts, on the
A 'FOR AN D AGA IN ST ESSAY .,other hand, .. .

4 Look again at the essay Are women better driver s I

7a Work in groups. Choose an essay title from the
\.. than men ? Mat ch ideas a- d with each paragraph. \. fe llo win g.
a concl usio n Are men/w om en better than w omen/men?
b arguments for
c introdu ce the topi c I state the proposition managers pol iticians teachers doctors lawyers
d argument s against
7b In yo ur gro ups, brainstorm th e qualities yo u think
' y() u need to do th e jobs .
•

7c Look at the statements 1-13 below and do the

fo llowing tasks.
a Decide w hi ch of the statements below appl y more to
men and w hich to wome n.
b Add two more statements of your own.
c Select some to includ e in your essay. Remember to
have some to show the other side of the argument.
d Think of example s to support the statements you
have includ ed.
1 ___ are good at listenin g.
2 _ _ _ find it easier to deal with people.
3 _ _ _ have more authority.
4 _ _ _ are more sympatheti c to oth ers.
5 __ _ are better organi sers.
6 ___ pay mor e attention to detail.
7 _ _ _ stay calm in stressful situ ations.
8 __ _ are good at gettin g the best out of peop le.
9 ___ are energeti c and enthu siastic.
10 __ work better in a sin gle-sex team.
11 ___ are better at publi c speaking.
12 __ are more inspir ing.
13 ___ take dec isions qui ckl y.

8 Write yo ur essay. Use th e stru cture of th e essay on

t he left as a model. You can have a neutral co nclusion .
,,;,, 9a Read your partner's essay and take not es.
9b Tell another student about your partn er's essay.

15
 Travel
2.1 TOURISM AND TRAVELLING

Travel makes a wise m an be tter, b ut a foo l wo rse. Thom as Fuller 1608- 1661 Engli sh hi st o rian

LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 3a Complete th e reasons for trav elling with th e words
TRAVEL in the box. Look at Audio script 2.1 on pages 164-16 5
and check your answers.
1a Complet e the questions with th e words in the bo x.
broaden experience expl ore find get
destinat ions travel journey abro ad tri p meet learn (x2) see become (x2) do
package 4eme stud y escape earn

1 What's the fur thest you have travelled from home? People travel in order to ...
2 Have you ever been ___ ? W here did yo u go t o?
1 _gfil_ away from it all.
3 Have you ever been on a business __ ? Where to ?
2 _ _ _ new sights.
4 Do you lik e ___ holid ays w here everyt hin g is
3 ___ new pl aces.
arranged for yo u? Wh y?Mfhy not?
4 new peop le.
5 W hat is the longest _ __ yo u have been on?
5 different c ultures.
6 What are the most po pular _ __ for peop le from
6 new skill s.
yo ur countr y?
7 __ volunt ary w ork.
7 Do you thin k that ___ broadens the mind ?
8 more self-confid ent.
W hy?Mf hy not ?
9 _ __ a new language.
1b In pairs or small groups, ask each other the questions . 10 __ _ mon ey
11 themselves.
2a Ill Listen to Nadia, a Swedish student who has 12 _ __ more ind ependent.
travelled a lot. Tick (,!') th e questions in Exercise 1a 13 their hor izo ns.
which she answers. 14 ___ for qualifi cati o ns abroad.
15 ___ poverty.
2b Listen again and make notes on her answers to the
questions in Exercise 1a. Are they similar to yo ur answers? 3b Inferrin g attitud e Listen again. How do you think
Nadi a f eels about th e diffe rent reasons for trave l? Is she
positiv e(+ ), negative (- ) or neutral( + /-) about each one?
1 get away from it all +/-

3c Work with a partn er. How impor tant are the diff erent
reasons, do you think ? Why? Can you add any others?
16
 TOURISM AND TRAVELLING -

READING SPEAKING AND WRITING

.4 Work with a partn e r to discuss th e following. 6 What are the most interesting places you have
1 What 's the difference between a touri st and a visited in your own countr y and abroad? Where else
trave lle r? would yo u like to visit?
2 How much of your ow n country have you visited?
3 Is it poss ible to travel without leav ing home?
7 Complete these trav e l tips with the words in the box.

accom modation be customs docu ments find out

5a Read th e article quickly and choose th e mo st
vacc inati ons insurance read respect take
suitabl e headin g for each paragraph. (Ther e are two
ext ra headin gs.)
1 about loca l laws and customs.
a Virtual to urism
2 _ _ _ aware of people acting suspiciously.
b Tourist or traveller?
3 Obtain comprehensive travel _ __ .
c Most pop ular desti natio ns
4 Check what ___ and hea lthcare you nee d.
d Hol iday at home
5 Make cop ies of _ __, e.g. tickets , passpo rt,
e Hol iday problems
insura nce polic y, and leave one copy at home.
5b Read th e article again and answer the qu estio ns. 6 _ _ _ e nough money.
7 about local tricks used on tourists.
1 How is a trave lle r d ifferent from a tou rist? Give three
8 Never ca rry pack ages through ___ fo r others.
exa mpl es.
9 _ _ _ loca l dress codes; think abo ut what you wea r.
2 How did tour ism start?
10 Stay in loca lly-ow ned ___ and try to eat in
3 What does the text say about peopl e who live in
loca lly-owned restauran ts.
large co untri es?
4 What is a n 'a rmchair traveller'? 8 Work with a partner. Think of as many travel tips
5 How has televis io n affected attitud es to trave l? for someone visiting or coming to live/wor k in your
6 Hq.w might travel change or deve lop in the futu re? co untry as you can, and writ e the five most important.
7 Do you agree that trave l is no longer necessa ry?

part of their own country? Many people who live

What's the difference between travel and tour ism? in vast countries such as Russia and the USA have
Well, being a traveller is more than just being a only visited a small part of their own country, and so
holidaymaker. A holiday is just a sho rt time away, domestic t ravel is also very exciting. It's a surprising
and it normally involves relaxation. Tourists stay fact that about 75 pe rcent of US citizens do not own
in holiday resorts, not travellers. a passport, so travelling does not mean
Trave llers go for the experience, and 'How many leaving the country for them.
th e ir journ eys are usually much long er 3
people can
and more challenging. For example, Some people can't travel or don't like t he
say they have
trave llers tend to avoid tourist traps physical realit y of travelling to faraway
and like to go off the beaten track visited every
part of their own destinations. These days it is easy to be
to discover new places. Travel is an an 'armchair trave ller ' . People can visit
age-old phenomenon , but tour ism is country?'
distant corne rs of the world or even little
a relatively recent invent ion. Thomas known parts of their own country without
Cook is often described as the first leaving their living rooms by using Google Earth.
trave l agent because he arranged the first 'package Television documentaries and the intern et make the
tour': a 19-kilometre trip for 500 peopl e, in 1841. world a small place, and some people argue that
2 trave l is no longer necessary. Many people already
Going overseas in order to experience a d ifferent use interactive computer programmes, and vi rtua l
way of life is what many people think of as trave l, travel will beco me increas ingly common. Enthusiasts
but travel does not necessar ily mea n go ing abroad. a rgue that by doing this we will have all th e benefi ts
How many peop le ca n say they have visited every of trav el without the inconven ience.

17
 EXPLORERS

READING 2c Accordin g to th e texts , which explo rer:

I

1 What do you know about the people in the 1 became interested in t he sea at an ear ly age?
pictur es? Wh o are they ? What did they do? 2 studi ed hi s religion ?
3 had a name rel ated to a seabird?
2a Work in gro ups of thre e. Read about o ne expl ore r 4 we nt on a ho ly journey?
eac h and comp lete the chart for t hat explorer . 5 recei ved an impor tan t award?
6 had a relationship w ith someone who did the same job?
2b In your groups , summarise th e k ey facts so that 7 told hi s stor ies abo ut his journeys in a book?
others in your group can complete the chart . 8 cared fo r th e env ironment?

II
=====-----
Nationa lity
lbn Batt uta Cousteau 2d Evaluating and justifying Which of th ese explor ers
do you think achi eved the most? Th ink of th ree
reasons to ju stify yo ur opinion.
W hen born
,Job/work VOCABULARY
' Trave lled to PHRASAL VERBS (1)

Lengt h of 3a Look at these eight phrasal verb s. Whi ch six verb s

jowrney are in th e t ext s? Find and und erlin e th em.

Greatest break down get back stop off check in l ift off
achievement set out carry on look around
W hat they
were called

When d ied
Jacques Cousteau
underwater explorer

acques Cousteau was a Frer.ich undersea explorer,

Ibn Battuta environmenta list and inventor. He was born in France
in 1910. When he was young, he became f ascinated
early traveller
by t he sea, machines and film-ma king.
bn Battuta was born in Tangier, Morocco in 1304 . He

I was an Islamic scholar and was an explorer known

fo r his extensive trave ls.
He set out, aged 21, on a hajj, or pilgrimage to Mecca. He
travelled more than 75,000 miles and over a period of 30
years he travelled through most of the Islamic world. He
visited all the Arab lands and stopped off in Spain, Russia
and Turkey. He carried on to India before he got t o China.

In the French navy, Cousteau began exploring underwater

and worked on a special breathing machine which allowed
divers to stay underwater for several hours. This gave
t hem time t o really look around under t he ocean. In 1943,
he and engineer Emile Gagnan invented t he aqualung -
t he very first scuba diving equipment.
In 1948, Cousteau began travelling th e world's oceans
in his research ship Calypso. Cousteau produced many
When he got back to his native city, he dictated an films and books about his underwater adventures,
account of his journeys to lbn Juzayy and called it the including the TV series The Undersea World of Jacques
rihla, or The Journey. Cousteau, which introduced the public t o the world of
He was called 'the travelle r of the age' and is now sharks, whales, dolphins, treasure and coral reefs.
considered one of t he greatest travellers of all t ime. Cousteau st arted t he Cousteau Society to protect
He died in 1369. The lbn Batt uta Mall in Dubai, UAE, ocean life. In 1989, he received a great honour: he was
was inspired by his t ravels and a film about him called made a member of the French Academy. Finally, after a
Journey to Mecca came out in 2009. long and varied life, Cousteau died on 25 June 1997.

18
3b M at ch th e phrasal verbs in Exercise 3a with t heir
m eanings below .
GRAMMAR
PAST SIMPLE
EXPLORERS
-
1 start/begin a j ourney 4 Underlin e all th e past simpl e verbs in th e thr ee
2 make a sho rt visit t o a pl ace w hi le yo u are going t exts. Whi ch are regular and whi ch are irregular ?
somewhere else
3 return 5 Whi ch two st at em ents abo ut th e past simpl e ar e
4 expl ore not true ?
5 conti nue 1 We use the past simp le fo r fini shed acti ons that are
6 ri se into the air in the past.
7 go to the desk at an airport or hote l 2 W e use the past simpl e w ith the fol lowing time
8 stop wo rking expressions: never, all m y life, e ver, yet.
3 W e often say the exact time of the action.
3c Com plete th e t ext w ith the p hrasal verbs in th e
4 We use tim e expressions like: yesterday , last week,
correct fo rm .
in 1999, ago, wh en I was young.
We 1___ very early, before daw n, and drove south.
5 W e use did/d idn 't+ the infi nitive in que stions and
We 2__ _ at a service station for petrol and a coffee.
negatives.
After this w e 3_ _ _ driving for another three hou rs.
6 W e normall y use did and didn't wi th the verb be.
There were a lot of delays and hold-ups. W e fin ally
arrived at the aircraft museum at 2 p.m., and 4_ __ the loo+ Language reference and extra practice pages 128-129
main sights. W e did n't 5__ _ until mi dn ight. It was a
very tir ing day. PRONUNCIATION
6a Ill -ed endings li st en to th e sentences
contain in g th ese verb s. Do t he verbs end in th e sound s
! di , / ti or / Id/ ?
ValentinaTereshkova travell ed v isited stopp ed invented produced
space pioneer wo rked lifted

6b list en again and practise saying-the wo rds.

7 Compl et e the facts belo w with th e past simple of

t he verbs in th e b ox.

photograph lead hit study pi lot die fly (x2 )

sail bring expl ore find discover not return

1 Louise Boyd (188 7-1972) __ and __ the

Arctic Ocean. She also ___ over the North Pole.
2 Ferdin and M agell an ___ the fi rst expediti on that
around the Earth, betwee n 15 19 and 1522.
3 Sir W alter Raleigh (1554- 1618) __ potatoes and
alenti na Tereshkova parachut ed out of over 125

V
tobacco from America to Europe.
aircraft before she jumped out of the spacecraft .4 When ___ Ranul ph Fiennes _ __ the legendary
Vostok 6. This unusual hobby led to her selection for Lost City of Ubor in the desert of Om an?
cosmonaut t raining and her achievement of becoming th e 5 Vasco da Gama ___ in India in 1524. He __ _
first woman in space.
an ocea n ro ute from Portugal to the East.
Tereshkova was born on 6 March 1937, in western Russia. 6 A lan Shepard ___ America's fi rst manned space
As a t eenager she worked in a textile plant and too k up
mission. He briefly ___ into space on 5 M ay 196 1.
parachutin g in her spare time.
In a later mission he _ __ golf ball s on the Moon.
When Tereshkova was selected for the Soviet space 7 lbn Battut a _________ to his home town,
programme in 1962 because of her parachuting skills,
Tangier, for many years.
became the first recruit without experience as a t est pilot.
8 W hen he w as young, lbn Battuta Islamic laws.
Tereshkova was chosen to be the pilot of the Vostok 6
mission. The pilots called her Chaika, Russian for 'seagull'.
The spacecraft lifted off from Tyuratam Launch Centre SPEAKING
on 16 June 1963. It re-ent ered t he Earth's atmosphere 8 Writ e down th e dates or years of six imp ortant
on 19 June and Tereshkova parachuted t o t he ground,
events in yo ur past. Give yo ur list t o a partn er. Ask each
landing near Kazakhstan in central Asia. On 3 November
oth er questi ons to find out w hat th e dates represent.
1963, Tereshkova married another cosmonaut. They had a
daughte r, Elena - t he fi rst child born to parents who both 2001
went into space. Did you start primary school then?

19
 THE EMPTY QUARTER

READING 2a Read th e arti cle abo ut th e explorer

I
W ilfre d
Th esiger. W hat att racted him to life in a desert ?
1 W ork w ith a part ner to discuss the foll owin g.
1 Make a list of six wor ds you associate w ith deserts. 2b Und erline the parts of the article w hich te ll you :
Compare yo ur list w ith another pair. 1 that Thesiger w as we ll-kn ow n in the 20 th century.
2 What might attract peop le to life in a desert? 2 that his boo ks were popular .
3 that it was diffi cult to travel in the ' Empty Quarter' .

1 I Wilfred Thesiger
1
4
5
w ho the Bedu w ere.
w hat kind of relationship Thesiger had with the Bedu.

3 Read an extract fr om Arabian Sands. Are th ese

statements tr ue or false?
Explorer of the 'Empty Quarter ' 1 The camels began to rest at sunset.
2 Thesiger was happy because he thought the difficu lt
1 Wilfred Thesiger was one of the greatest explorers and journ ey w as over.
3 The most difficult journey was the one for the next day.
travel writers of the 20th century. He died in 2003.
4 W hen the travelle rs stopped the first tim e, they were
His books, which describe his journeys in Africa, Asia
near the Uruq al Shaiba.
and the Middle East, have won many literary prizes. 5 The Uruq al Shaiba are bigger and higher than the
His best known book is Arabian Sands, which is about Him alayas.
two journeys through Arabia. People have praised his
description in the book of the ' Empty Quarter', a vast,
waterless desert stretching between Saudi Arabia, 1 To rest th e camels we stopped for four hours in the late
Yemen and Oman. He spent five years travelling in the afternoon on a long gentle slope which stretched down
' Empty Quarter', often accompanied by the Bedu, the to another salt-flat. There was no vegetat ion on it and
fierce tribespeople living in the area. no salt-bushes bord ered the plain below us. Al Auf
annou nced that we would go on again at sunset. Wh ile
we were feeding I said to him cheerfully, 'Anyw ay
the worst should be over now that we are across the
Uruq al Shaiba.' H e looked at for a mome nt and
then answered, 'If we go well tonight we should reach
them tomorrow.' I said, 'Reach what? ' and he replied,
'The Uruq al Shaiba. Did you think what we crossed
today was the U ruq al Shaiba? That was on ly a dune.
You will see them tomo rrow.' F or a moment I thought
he was jokin g, and then I realised that he was serious,
tha t the worst of the journey which I had thought was
behind us was still ahead.
2 It was midnight when at last al Auf said, 'Let's stop here.
We will get some sleep and give the camels a rest. The
Uruq al Shaiba are not far away now.' In my dreams that
night they towered above us higher than the Himalayas.

4 Find wor ds in the texts t hat mean the fo llowing.

1 said good thin gs about somethi ng (article, para 1)
2 extremely large (article , para 1)
2 Thesiger fell in love with the desert. He enjoyed t he 3 look ing very aggressive or vio lent (article, para 1)
4 have a good opinion of (article, para 2)
'sense of space, the silence, and the crisp clearness
5 a strong wis h (article, para 2)
of t he sand'. It was a place where he found peace
6 fo rmed the edge of (extract, para 1)
and friendship. He also learned to love the Bedu, 7 a hill of sand (extract, para 1)
and they learned to respect him. He shot lions t o
protect his companions, and he became a competent 5 Reacting to the topi c In groups, d iscuss th e fo llowing.
amateur doctor. He chose t he 'Empty Quarter' for 1 A re you int erested in travel writing?
his journeys because it was 'one of the very few 2 Have you ever read a travel boo k about a) your own
places where I could satisfy an urge to go where country and b) a cou ntry you wou ld like to visit?
others had not been'. 3 Is it more interesting to read about 'exotic' places
and people or ordin ary places and peop le?
20
LISTENING 9b Complete the rules with present perfect or past simple.
6a You are go ing to listen to Martin W ells being 1 We use the to talk about finis hed actio ns in
interviewed for a magazine and he mentions th e a time period that co ntinues up to now (with time
following pla ces. Match the places with the photos. expressions such as this week, for the last five years).
Do yo u know which countries th ey are in? 2 We use the to talk about finis hed actions at
a specific past time (with time expressions such as
1 the Amazon River Basin
yesterday, last year, in 79991 when I was 9).
2 the ice-cut fjords of the South Island
3 We use the ___ to talk about experie nces in our
3 the Him alayas
lives, but we don 't say w hen they happened (with
4 Hai Anh
adverbs such as never, ever, already, yet).
6b Ill Listen to the first part of the int ervi ew and
1 Oa Underline the sentences in Audi o script 2.5 on page
check your answers.
165 th at contain already and yet. Answ er the qu estions.
7a m Listen to th e second part of the int erv iew. 1 Wh ich adverb do we use in negative sentences?
Take notes und er the following headin gs. 2 Does already come before or after the main verb?
1 The Salween River 3 Whe re does yet come in the sentence?
2 Difficu lties and of the -.,. l anguage refe re nce and extra practice pages 128- 129
3 What Martin learnt from the travel experience
1Ob Look at the sentences below. Each has a mistak e
7b Work with a partner and compare your notes. Correct w ith an adverb or time expression. Repl ace the wrong
or add to them if necessary. Then check th e accuracy of word /p hrase with words from t he box.
yo ur notes by lookin g at Audio script 2.4 on page 165.
already before never this week yet
PRONUN CIATION
1 Martin has yet climb ed Mont Blanc tw ice.
8a ID Cont ractions Listen to the sentences and 2 We've interviewed five people for this expedition so
und erlin e what th e speaker says. far last week.
1 I just return ed I I've just returned from the forests. 3 We've ever been to the H imalayas.
2 I had I I've had the most amazing year. 4 The stud ents haven't passed the course already.
3 Last year in January, I won I I've won a scholarship. 5 Mark and Susanna have been on a climbing
4 Then I raised I I've raised a large sum of mon ey. expedit ion once yet.
5 And then I started I I've started travel ling.
6 I climbed I I've climbed the Himal ayas in Nepal. SPEAKING
8b Listen again and repeat th e sentences. 11 a Look at th ese trave l-r elated job s. What
experience do yo u need for each one?
GRAMMAR 1 Tour assistant - Paris, London, Rome
PRESENT PERFECT AND PAST SIMPLE 2 Moun tain exped iti on assistant - Hi malayas
3 Field trip vo lunteer - Amazon
9a Choose the correct tense in th ese sentences. 4 Assistant travel agent - busy travel agency
1 I've never driven I I didn't drive before.
2 I left I have left schoo l w hen I was 16. 11 b Work with a partner. Yo u are goin g to see if you
3 I already visited I have already visited a foreign country. are suitabl e for the jobs in Exercise 11 a.
4 I finished I haven 't fini shed my univ ersity stud ies yet. Student A: turn to page 155.
5 I've known I I knew my best friend for the last ten years. Student B: turn to page 161.
6 I've never been I I never went on a plan e.
Which of t he fo ur jobs would suit yo u best?

21
 :: --------
-
2.4 SCENARIO
A STUDY TRIP

r SITUATION
My notes
1 Read th e situation below. Wh at kind
of things can go wrong on a trip like this,
do you think?

Westlake is an American university. Student complaints

Two years ago, the university organised 1 Not enoug h information about what to eat in
a study trip to Poland and the Czech restaurants.
Republic, so that stude nts could learn
about the countries' culture and history. 2 Not enoug h oppo rtunities to interact with Czec h and
Unfortunately, the organisers made many Polish students in t he same age group.
mistakes and the trip was not succe ssful. 3 Except ionally cold weathe r in Prague. Students didn't
This year, they w ill take another group of have suitable clot hing for the weather conditions.
studen ts (aged 18- 21) to the same area.
They want to avo id the mistakes they 4 Hotels OK, but stu dents didn't like shar ing rooms.
made in the past. Several didn't get on w ith their partne rs. Many
argume nts - unhappy sp irit in t he group .

5 Very little informat ion about t he historical sites. No

2a Read the not es written by one of
discussion afte r the visits with grou p leaders about
the organiser s a bo ut the previou s trip.
what the studen t s had learnt.
Which probl e ms, if any, did you discu ss
in Exercise 1? 6 No maps of the cities were provided .

2b Match each problem in the notes 7 Saturday night, students broke a fire escape door in
with one of th ese categories. You can use th e hotel. Went down the fire escape . Stayed in t he
eac h category more than once . city centre until the early hours of the morning. Visit
next day cancelled. Also, noisy, late-night parties in the
theft money information hotels.
communication climate
8 Cash problems. Some students ran out of money.
misbehaviour orga nisation Didn't ex pect such 'high prices' in both countries.
Some borrowed friends' credit cards to buy presents .
3 In small groups , discuss these que stions. Parents compla ined at the end of the trip.
Compare your answers with another gro up. 9 Cameras and mobile pho nes stolen in the
1 Which were the most serious problems? underground. One student lost all his docu me nts.
Rank them in order of seriousness Had to spend a day at the embassy.
(1 = most serious, 6 =least serious).
2 Which of the following do you blame for
l O Not enough free t ime during the t rip.
each problem?
- -----------
the organisers the students
bad luck non e of the abo ve

4a Ill Liste n to a conversation between

Douglas and Karen, two organisers of the
previous trip. Which problems from the
notes do they talk about?

4b listen Mak e notes on th e

topics the y discuss. Use these hea dings.
• Student relations
• Hote ls
• Stud ent behav iour
• Free time

22
 A STUDY TRIP -
i
K.r:Y_l ..} ,_
DISCUSSING ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES /
MAJ.JNGSUGGESTIONS
5 Listenagainandcompletethe two extracts.
Extract 1
KAREN I think we talked about this before the trip. There are
1__ _ _ __ and 2 _ _ _ aren't there? On
the one hand, it's good to give them free tim e, they get a
chance to exp lore places. 3__ ____ ___
if you give them too much free time, they say we haven't
organised enough tr ips for them. You just can't w in.
DOU GLAS: True, and don' t forget, Karen, 4 _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _
giving them a lot of free time is that they get into trouble.
Extract 2
KAREN: How could I forget that! Act ual ly, I've got a few
suggestion s for this next trip.
DOUGLAS: Me too.
KAREN: Good. Well , I thi nk we should have more meetings with
students before they leave. The 5_ _ _ _ _ about thi
is they' d get to know each other better.
DOUGLAS: Yeah. That's true. Also, it' d be a 6_ _ _ _ __ to give
stud ents maps of the cities they visit. I suggest contactin g
the tour ist boards and asking them to send us some.
KAREN: And how about showing them some restaurant menus
before they leave? That'd be a big 7_ __ for them.

6 Work with a partn er. Discuss th e advanta ges and disadvantages of

givin g yo ung peop le a lot of fre e tim e durin g a study trip .

TASK
ORGAN ISING A STUDY TRIP
7a You are a memb er of the organising committ ee for th e next
trip to Poland and th e Czech Republic . Discuss the advantages and
disadvantages of the se suggestions for th e next trip.
• Students must be in their hotel rooms by 11 p.m. each night.
• They should all take the same amount of spending money.
• They should keep a di ary each day of their impressions. The diary
wi ll be given a grade at the end of the trip.
• No student should explo re areas by themselves.

7b Add fiv e suggestion s of your own which will make th e

n ext trip more su ccess ful . Think abo ut the probl e m s in the not es
and co nversati o n.

7c Compar e your suggestions with another group. Decide on

th e best five .
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

-
I

STUDY SKILLS 4 Watch th e second part of tHe talk and

MAK ING NOTES WH ILE LISTENING TO A TALK complete the not es 1-10 in Slide 3. Use on e word ,
number or date in each gap. Compare your answers
1a Work with a partner. Discuss these ideas for how
with a partner .
to make notes while listening. Which do you agree
with? Why? 5 Watch the third part of the talk and make
• Before you start, have some key questions you want your own notes . Work with a partn er and compare t he
the answers to, for exampl e Who? What? When? Why? style of your notes.
• Listen for structuring language, e.g. firstly, secondly, etc.
• Listen carefull y for phrases whi ch tell you imp ortant 6 Choos e the most suitabl e headin gs from Exercise 3
information is comin g, e.g. Now, let's move on to .. . for Slides 3-5. (There are two extra headin gs.)
• W ait unti l the end and w rite down what yo u can
remember. Slide 3
• Use a numb ering system for your notes.
------
• Try to w rite down as much as yo u can. _ _ - bui lt raft (Kon-Tiki) - crossed Peru -
• Use abbreviations w here possibl e. (See Lesson 1.5.) Po lynesia in 2__ _ days wanted to prove ancient
• Focus on verbs and nouns - leave out articles, cultures connected by 3___ w ho crossed 4_ _ _
pronouns, conjun cti ons, etc. 5_ _ Norwegian archaeological expediti on -
_
• Writ e in co mpl ete sentences.
Galapagos Islands, 6_ _
• Use diagrams and w ord webs.
led Easter 7_ __ expedition, 1955- 1956
1b Can you add any other ideas that work for you?
1969- 70 8 _ _ 2 rafts (Ra 1 & Ra 2) across q to
2 Look at th e man on the first slide from a talk . What show possible ancient Egyptian contact w ith S. 10
__

sort of person do you think he is?

Slide 4
---- • n_
3 Watch th e first part of the talk and ---
choose the most suitable heading for Slide 2 from
the list below.
a Career and travels d Greatest achievement
b Travels in Po lynesia e Early life
c Publications and awards f Books

24
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS -
-

Ame li a Earhart was born in Kansas, USA, in 1897 4 It was inevitable that Earhart woul d at te mpt a round-
and moved to Chicago in 1914 w hen her father the- world flight, and she left Miam i on 1June1937.
was fire d fro m th e Rock Island Railro ad. Aft er After stopp ing in South America, Africa , the Indian
graduati ng fro m high schoo l in 1915, she we nt to subcont inent and sout h east Asia, she arri ved in New
Canada where she t rai ned as a nurse' s aide. In 1919 Guinea on 29 June. She left on 27 July, but w hil e she
she attended Colum bia Univer sity but gave up was crossing the Pacific, contact was lost. The US
aft er a year to jo i n her parent s in California . government spent $4m looking for her, but she was
2 In 1920 Earhart went to her first air show and was never found. In 2012 a new expedit ion tried t o prove
hooked. She took fly ing lessons and bought her fir st that she survived a crash landing but died a litt le
plane, wh ich she flew to a height of 14,000 feet in while later on a small island, very close to t he orig inal
October 1922, a wom en's world record. In 1925 she rescue search.
moved to Bo'tlon and got a j ob as a social worker . 5 Earhart publi shed t wo books about her flyi ng
Duri ng th at t ime, she also wrote local newspaper experiences: 20 Hours 40 Minutes and The Fun of
columns on flying. It, but she went missing before her t hird book was
3 Earhart will be principally remembered fo r being t he published. She was awarded the Disti nguished Flying
first wo man t o fly solo non-stop across the Atlan ti c. Cross by Congress and the Cross of Knight of the
On 20 May 1932, she took off from New Brunswick. Legion of Honou r by t he French government. In 2009
She wanted to fly to Paris, but poor weat her a fil m was made of her life starring th e Holl ywoo d
conditions and mechanical prob lems fo rced her t o actress Hilary Swank.
land in Derry, Nort hern Ireland.

WRITING SKILLS 9 Tim e link ers Look at the text and und erline five
A RIOCiRAPHICAL PROFILE different tim e link ers, e.g. afte r.

7 Read the biography of Amelia Earhart. Mat ch each 10 Match these sentence halves and join t hem in an
paragraph with one of these topics. appropriat e way using the tim e linkers.
a the end of her I ife 1 Heyerdahl received a num ber of awards
b her early life and education 2 Heyerdahl we nt to the Galap agos Islands
c her early career 3 Heyerdahl became curious about how the islands
d pub lications, awards and prizes w ere inh abited
e her greatest 4 He set out to prove hi s theories

8 Find verb s in the text th at mean the fo llowin g. a leading an expedition to Easter Island.
b his lifetime.
1 be dismissed from a job (para 1) c he w as staying in Polynesia.
2 fini sh high school or uni versity (para 1) d giving up his stud y of Geography .
3 learn a particular job (para 1)
4 go to (schoo l or university) (para 1) 11 Writ e a bio graphi cal profi le of Thor Heyerdahl.
5 stop doing somet hin g (para 1) Use the notes you made in th e Study Skill s lesson. Use
6 go to a new place to li ve (para 2) t he text about Ame lia Earhart and the time link ers from
7 write and prin t somethin g for sale (para 5) Exercise 9 to help you.
8 be given a priz e, honour or money (para 5)

25
 When I work I relax. Doing nothing makes me tired. Pablo Picasso, 1881- 1973, Spanish paint er

SPEAKING
1 Look at t he jobs below
.. and discuss the questions.
3b Wh ich of the jobs in Exercise 1
would yo u like to do? Whi ch wo uldn 't
you lik e t o do? Why? Use t he words from
------ Exercise 3a in yo ur discu ssion.
nurse pol itician model journalist firefighter lawyer
professio nal footba ller teacher shop assistant poli ce off icer
TV presenter personal assistant sales manager READING AND VOCABULARY
DEPENDENT PREPOSITIONS
1 How import ant/usefu l do you th ink they are?
4 Read th e job advertisements and
2 How much status do these jobs have in your co untry?
match t hem with stateme nts 1-8 below.
3 About how much are people paid for these jobs in your country?
4 Do you thin k they should be paid more or less money? W hy? 1 The compan y is the most important
one in its area of busin ess.
2 You w ill need to wor k by yourself.
LISTENING AND VOCABULARY 3 The compa ny offers the chance to
WORK ADJECTIVES work in their offices abroad.
2a m Listen to five peopl e talking about th eir jobs. Match each
speaker to a job from Exercise 1. Wh at are the key words which tell
4 You w ill not work at the same tim e
every week .
5 The compa ny offers extra money once
yo u the job s?
a year for good work.
1 shifts, patient s, ... 6 There are opp ortunit ies for pro motio n.
2b Listen again. W hat aspects of t heir jobs does each person say 7 You wi ll be in charge of a number
t hey lik e/disli ke? of staff.
8 The com pany wa nts peopl e who are
3a Add the missing letters to t he adject ives below. Which adjectives relaxed in stressful situations.
wo uld yo u use to describ e the job s from Exercise 1?
1 r_w_rdng 6 r_p_t_t_v_
2 ch_ll _ng_ng 7 s_t_sfy_ng
3 gl_m_r__ s 8 st_m_l_t_ng
4 str_ssf_I 9 fl_x_bl_
5 t_d_o_s 10 m_n_t_n__s

26
 1111
5 Matc h t he wo rds w ith th e cor rect p repos ition fr om WRIT ING
the box. Check yo ur answe rs in th e adverts.
8 Work w ith a partner. Write a short j ob advertisement
on to for of in by using some of t he collocations in Exercise 5. Include the
job titl e, salary and details of the posi tions.
1 look ing 7 mot ivated
2 experience 8 report SPEAKING
3 depend 9 prospects
4 responsible 10 fl uency
9a Wh at is m ost im po rtant to yo u in a j ob? Choose
the fiv e most im po rtant thi ngs for you fro m th e list.
5 expected 11 abi lity
Then discuss yo ur ideas wit h a part ner.
6 know ledge 12 suitab le
• long holidays • regular bonus
6 W hich job in t he adve rts w ould you app ly for? W hy? • friendly col leagues • good pension
• short travell ing tim e • fle xible hours
7 Ranking and justify ing choices Look bac k at th e fou r • competiti ve salary • foreign travel
j obs in t he adver t s and rank th em from 1-4 (highest to • opportunit y for promotion • prestigious compa ny
lowest) und er the fo llowing catego ri es. • pleasant work ing env ironment
a level of interest c pay/benefits • other benefits (e.g. compa ny car, mobile phone )
b status d suitability for a woman (or a man)
9b W hat wo uld your dream job be?
Explain your ideas to a partn er. Give yo ur reasons.

c: Receptionist

Competitive Salary
+ Car + Pension Scheme
The prestig ious Belnet hote l group is seeking
a lively and enthusiast ic person to join its City
branch. The ideal candidate is someone motivated by
""'
Belnet

working in a small team in a high pre ssure environment.

You will report to the head of reception services. The
Jakarta, the country's leading sports shoe post will incl ude shift work (includ ing some nights and
manufacturer, is for an ambitious weekends) . Experience of reception work preferred.
There are excellent prospec ts for rapid career progress
marketing executive to join our busy marketing
in the compa ny. This is a very satisfyi ng and reward ing
department. You will have experience of job for the right person.
designing and coordinating large advertising
campaigns. Candidates should be prepared to Excellent salary and benefits
spend time at our overseas branches in Rome and
Berlin. F1uency in a European language would Go to wwwbelnetiobsrec7 co ukfor full details and application procedure
be an advantage. This is a very exciting
opportunity for the right candidate.
Salary will depend on experience .
Cantro Tours
Tour managers/guides (London and

cantro Tours is an international travel

organisation providing t ravel packagesto a
CD wide range of clients.
Energetic, self-confident young people with
0 fluency in English and one other language
BroadgatePLC is one of the largest suppliers of QJ
. equ1pme
. nt in the country. The successful are needed to work with groups of t ravellers
office .
11
t Cl.. to a variety of UI< and overseasdestinations.
candidate wi ll be a dynamic person with _exce en
organ isational skills. You will be responsible for
LO You will act as an expert on the area you take
QJ groups to, so a knowledge of the local culture
leading and motivating a sales team. You ar_e -r and language is required. The ability to wor k
expected t o develop new market opportunit ies f ro alone and under pressure is essential. Previous
as part of Broadgate's continuing programme o
. n A knowledge of the office equipment
expans10 . Th. ·
-0 experienceis not necessaryas fu ll t raining
market is desirable, but not essential. is is a ' r is given. The posts are suitable for recent
challenging opportunity with one of the country s n graduates or students on summer vacation.

most respected employers. Industry competitive salary and travel benefits.

For more info go to www.cantrotours.co.uk/jobs

27
 HOMEWORKING
Ii
I •
I
; Working from home on the rise •
reduce its workstations, it may

I
2 What are the reasons for the rise
of homeworking? Technology be able to move to a smaller site.
Homeworking employees will no

-.,
has been a key factor. Fast
I broadband connections have longer be commuting daily to
i provided people with a quick work, which is time-consuming

I way of receiving and sending

data from home. People can
and stressful. They can plan the ir
own work schedule and develop
good time management skills.
l now do most of the work at
home that they did previouslyin s There are, however,
an office. Other reasonsfor the disadvantagesof homeworking.

,l rise of homeworking are that it

lowers costs for companies and
For some people the office
provides a break from the family,
l homeworkers tend to be more colleagues t o talk t o and a
II I productive and take fewer sick
days than office workers.
creative environment.There are
manyjobs too in which people

I. 3 In recent years, a large number

of companies have been
offering employees more
have to work closely in teams and
brainstorm ideas. Homeworking
is not really suitable for that kind
of activity. It is also not suit able
1 Sunjit Patel is a graphic designer with flexib le ways of workin g.
Britis h Telecom was one for people who have got a very
a well-known publishing company .
of the pioneers of home young family and nowhere
He has lived in south London since he
working . In fact, it has been separate to work.
was five, and for the last three years
he has been working from home . He offering a telewo rk scheme s Whatever the pros and
prefers working from home because he since 1986, which has paved cons, teleworking is here
can spend more time with his family and the way for others. It says to stay. For Sunjit Patel it is
have a better work-life balance. Sunjit is that homeworkers save the only good: 'For. someone like
just one example worl dwide, upward company an average of £6,000 me, who has a f amily and
trend t owards work ing from home, and per person, annually. the time manag ement skills
according to a st udy by the International 4 Homeworking brings many to work well on their own,
Labour Organisation, 'The expansion benefits to employers and homeworking is a no-brainer.
of teleworking ... is likely to fu rther employees. Office space is I'm much happier wit h my life
accelerate in the years to come.' costly, so if a company can since I quit the office.'

READING 4a Think of some more advantag es and disadvantages of

homeworking and add them to your list from Exercise 3.
1 Work with a partner to discuss th ese questions .
1 Wo ul d yo u li ke to w ork from home? W hat woul d be 4b Evaluating advantages and disadvantages In groups ,
the advantages/disadvantages for yo u? yo ur ideas and discuss wheth er th e advant ages
2 Homeworki ng is generall y on the increase. W hy do of homeworking outwei gh the disadvant ages.
you thin k that is?

2a Read the fi rst three paragraphs of the article

VOCABULARY
EXPRESSIONSCONNECTED WIT H TIME AND WOR K
quickl y and check your answ er to the second q uestion
in Exercise 1. Sa Match th e expressions with their meanings.
1 tim e-cons umin g
2b Read the first thr ee paragraphs again and find the
2 tim e management
following informati'on.
3 w orkstatio n
1 how long Sunjit has li ved in London 4 wo rk- life balance
2 how long Sunj it has been wo rking at home 5 spend tim e
3 the name of a co mpany that w as one of the first to
a o rganising your time effect ive ly
introduce hom ewo rking
b tak ing up a lot of time
3 Read t he rest of the articl e and list th e advantages c how much tim e you spend at work and home
and disadvantag es of homeworkin g. d use or pass time doing a parti cular th ing
e the pl ace in an offi ce w here a person w orks,
especia ll y w ith a co mput er

28
5 b Co mpl ete th e text with th e word s and expr essio ns
from Exe rcise Sa.
6d
HOMEWORK/NG

Whi ch of the fo llowing phrases gp w ith for and

which go w ith sin ce?
•
I've got a full-ti me job and I' m tired all the tim e. I
just a few days Mo nday hours we moved
don' t need to improve my 1_ _ _ skills as I organise
two weeks 2011 8 o' clock
my tim e eff iciently. But I do have to 2_ __ a lot of
commut ing to wo rk, and it's very 3 • O ne way I

could save time wo uld be to look at homewor king. My 7 W ork w ith a part ner. Talk abo ut t hings yo u've been
boss might like that as. she co uld reduce the numb er of doin g for some tim e, using sin ce and for.
4
___ • I c.ould stay in touch w ith the off ice by email
I've been revising for my exams since Monday, and I
and phone. I' m not a w orkaholi c. W hat I want is a better haven' t been sleeping properl y. I'm really tired at the
5 so I can be with my famil y more of the time. mome nt. So far, I've revised English and Arabic.

GRAMMAR LISTENING
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS
Ba Ill Listen to fo ur people talkin g about wo rki ng
6a l ook at th e t hree highli ghted phr ases in t he text. fr o m hom e. W hat is each person's job?
Whi ch of th ese statements about th e present perfect
continu ous are tru e? 8b li sten again. How long has each person been wo rking
1 It is formed w ith have/has + been + -ing. fro m home? Do they like it? What reasons do th ey give?
2 It is used to talk about an action that finished a long
9 Compl ete th e extracts with th e present perfect simple
time ago.
or present perfect continuous of th e verbs in th e box.
3 It is used to talk about an action that continu es to the
present. be take learn Ii ve wo rk not work
4 It is often used with the time expressions since and for. translate pay
5 It is often used to focus on the duration of an action
(e.g. in answer to the question H ow long?). 1 I _ __ from Italian to English for most of my career.
6b l ook again at th e highli ghted phrases. Complete 2 W e _ _ _ in M il an for nearly five years.
3 How long ___ yo u ___ from home for?
the rul e w it h fo r or sin ce.
4 I _ __ a lot more for heating.
We use ___ + a point in time (w hen the activity I _ __ never _ __ a morn ing person.
5
started) and _ _ _ -J>..a period of tim e.
6 I a new language since January.
GRAMMAR TIP
7 - -- lessons for the last six mo nths.
8 He at home much recently.
Remember that we do not usuall y use state verbs in
the continuous form, e.g. PRONUNCIATION
be know understand feel
1 Oa m
Correct ing polite ly Listen to t his short
dialogue. Und erlin e th e main st ress in w hat B says.
-..,. Language reference and ext ra pract ice pages 130- 131 A: So, you' ve been wo rking from home for eight years?
B: No, actually I've been wo rking from home for six
6c Writ e sentences using t he present perfec t
years.
continu ous w here possible. If it is not possib le to use
the verb in th e conti nuo us, use t he pr esent perfect 1 Ob li sten again and repeat t he dialogue with a
sim pl e. Use sin ce and fo r w hen app ropri ate. partne r. Then pract ise some more dialogues.
1 Cristi na I wo rk as a designer I she gradu ated. Stud ent A: turn to page 155.
Cristina has been working as a designer since
Stud ent B: turn to page 163.
she graduated.
2 I I know Yukiyo I six months.
SPEAKING
3 How long I Mohammed I study engineerin g at
uni versity? 11 W ork w ith a partner to discuss th is questi on.
4 Fuat I live Istanbul I he got a job there. W hat wou ld be your ideal pattern of wo rking hours?
5 Marianna I wo rk at hom e I two years. I'd love to work long shifts for six months of the year and
6 I I not I ive here I very lo ng. then travel for the other six.
7 Ji Hyun I feel sick I yesterday morn ing.
I can't get up in the morn ings, so I'd like to work from
8 Mark and Juli e I teach I same co llege I a year?
after lunch till 8 p.m .
 WORK PLACEMENTS
; i'
I READING GRAMMAR
I 1 Read this d escripti o n of work placements. Then PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE AND PRESENT PERFECT
I work with a partn er and discuss th e questi on s. CONT INUOUS
Wo rk placements and internships are usually done by 5 Look at thes e sentences from the blog and then
com plet e the statements with present perfect simpl e
I you ng people as part of their co llege studies or afterwa rds
to get into a work sector. They give people experience of or present perfect continuou s.
work . They can be paid or unpaid. They are different from 1 I' ve just compl eted a work placement.
apprenticeship s, w hich ·are for more practical jobs. 2 I've been looking for a job since January.
1 What are work placements called in your country? 3 I' ve already sent off two appl icati ons this mornin g.
2 Are they commo n? 4 For the last month I've been w orking very long hours.
3 Are they generall y paid or unpaid ? a The ___ focuses more on the comp leted result
4 Do you know anyone w ho has done a work placement? (someti mes with a focus on number).
b The ___ focuses more on the activi ty itself and its
2a Read Sachiko Suzuki ' s blog whi ch includes four
! co mments about work plac ements and answer th e
durati on (sometimes w ith a focus on time ).
l questions . 6 Work with a partner and loo k at Audio script 3.4 on
II . 1
2
Which two are the most balanced and co nsidered?
Who is the most positive?
page 166. Underlin e all the examples of the present
perfect simpl e and present perfect continuous. Note the
3 Who is the most negative? question fo rms and negative forms. Find two exampl es
to illustra te each of t he statements in Exercise 5.
2b Inferring opinion Read th e blo g again and decide
who is the most likely to say the followin g: Azra (A), 7 Complete th e senten ces with the present perfect
Tom (T), Sabrina (S) or Charlotte (C). simple or continuous forms of the verbs in brackets.
1 'Work placements exploit young peopl e.' Sometim es both are correct.
2 'You need to make sure you get enough traini ng 1 I _ _ _ for a wor k placement in a hotel for some
before you take on responsibl e ro les.' tim e. (look)
3 'I wou ld recommend work plac ements to people 2 I_ _ Japanese sin ce M ay. (learn)
w ithout question. ' 3 The boss __ ill this week. (be)
4 ' Basicall y, some wo rk placements are good, and 4 The intern __ me in reception since Monday. (help)
some are bad.' -.. 5 M aria _ _ in Sao Paulo since May . She' s movi ng
5 'Wo rk placements can be a good way to find out to Rio in August. (wo rk)
wh ich area of the business you wo uld lik e to work in.' 6 I ___ in Moscow all my life. (wo rk)
6 'Wo rk placements are good for peopl e w ho want to 7 My mother _ _ _ here for 25 years. (wo rk)
impr ove their confid ence.' 8 Patricia ___ her job recently (not enjoy)
7 'I would not recommend work placements to anyone.' 9 W hat _ _ at wor k recently? (you I do)
8 'The most important thin g is to get a pl acement that 10 We ___ ten people for the job. (intervi ew)
gives you a role with some responsibility.'
8 Work with a partner and ask each other these questions.
3 Whi ch comm ent do yo u most agree with and why? 1 W hat have yo u been doing to impr ove your English?
Co mpare your choice with a partn er. 2 Wha t have you been doin g at colle ge/work recently?

LISTENING SPEAKING
4a Ill Listen to three univ ersity students talkin g 9a W ork w ith a partner. Make a list togeth er of at least
on the radio abo ut th eir work placements. For each thr ee arguments against each of the following statements.
studen t, find o ut the fo llowin g inform ati o n.
Work placements exp loit young peop le.
1 name Work placements should always be paid.
2 the country they are from Onl y the rich and the privileged can afford to work for free.
3 w hat they are studying Wo rk placements benefit the emplo yers more than the
4
.
the city wh ere they are doing their wo rk placement emplo yees.
4b Work in groups of thr ee and choose one stud ent 9b In yo ur pairs, discuss what makes a good work
each. Listen again and take notes o n what yo ur student placement.
has been doin g recently and why th ey had a good
work pl acement.

4c In yo ur groups, summarise th e inform ation from

yo ur notes. Watch an intervi ew with Caro lin e
Matthews about her internshi p in th e
Recently Jan has been doing a work placement ... insuranc e industry.
Turn to page 1 50 for video activi ties.

30
MyTablet 15.24

East ern Bubble

WO RK PLACEMENTS
--
90% l!i]J

htt p:// www.easte rnbubble.com/ comments-Work-placements C l. . =se....a_rc_h__.,.._........,_ _________ __ ._..i)

home about updat es links

Sac hiko Suzuki

What do you think?

Easternbu b b le is conduc ting a quick survey, so get your co m me nts in a sap.

A ZRA AYDIN be paid. It's only ric h privileg ed enoug h training . I've ope ned
I have to disagree. I've just peop le who can afford to work a cco unts, I've organ ised cre dit
comple ted a work p lacemen t, for free. Unpaid placements and d ebit c ards and I've d ealt
and I really have a sense of only benefit the compa nies. I with client comp laints without
having ach ieved so'meth ing . couldn't get a job after university, muc h supervision. And for the
I com e from Izmir in Turkey, so I did an unpaid placement for last month I've bee n w orking
and I was quite nervous abou t six months. I wasn ' t given a ny very long hours. Overa ll, it' s been
studying abroad . I did my respo nsibility and ended up a good work placement, but I
work plac eme nt at a famous just washing pots and p ans wou ld have liked more training.
even ts compa ny in Paris. They in the base m ent . I did n ' t g et
CHARLOTTE HAWKINS
contacted me as a result of a to meet the customers. What
I hav e been looking for a job in
networking eve nt my university a w aste of time! And they
di dn ' t e ven give me a jo b a t TV for some time, and I've do ne
had set up. The placem ent
A LOT of internships. My first
taught me everything I now the end. I've bee n look ing for
a job since Ja nuary an d I'v e internship wa s a t the BBC, and
know and opened so man y
it was b rilliant . They immed iately
doors. I also wo n an award for already sent of f
this morn ing. I' m loo king fo r an g a ve me lots o f responsibility,
the best work p lacement in
and I learnt so much . They
Franc e. As a result, I've had eight ap prentic eship now .
didn ' t pa y me though. I
job offers without even app lying.
SABRINA PEISSL enjoyed being an inte rn a t Al
Best of a ll, the compa ny I did my
I've been doing a w ork Jazee ra, wh o gave me a lot of
p lacement at has just offe red
p la c eme nt for the last nine support . How eve r, I ha ve also
me a job. The great thing abo ut
mon ths in a major bank in done some terrib le internships. I
them w as the. suppo rt and
Zurich. I've worked in many sp en t w hole da ys (unp ai d ) filing
training they gave me, an d they
different d epart ments so I've p a perwo rk at one prod uc tion
gave me a lo t of c onfid ence.
had th e c hance to see w hich co mpany. To g e t the b est out
TO M BLISSETT dep artment I rea lly like. They o f an internship , co nvince the
I to ta lly ag re e with the are payi ng me a good salary. co mpa ny to give you proper
statem ent. Basical ly, people on On the o ther hand, I've had work to do.
w ork p la ce m ents should always to o much respo nsibility without

Like on Facebook •

31
 SITUATION VACANT

SITUATION KEY LANGUAGE

A SKING Q U ESTIONS , GIVIN G ANS W ERS
1 Read the situ ation below. Do you think you wou ld
like this sort o f work exper ience? Duri ng interviews, framing expressions can be very helpful.
Frami ng expressions for question s help to show another
Jade G yms is a famo us A meri can health clu b chain. It question is coming. Framing expressions before answers
is opening a number of branches in London. The club help to avoid silence and give candidates ti me to think.
is about to invite app lication s for som e internship s.
These are aimed at students and recent graduates and 4a Ill Listen and comp lete the ext racts from th e
will be both challeng ing and rewarding . int ervi ewer at a j ob in te rvi ew.

At the mom ent, the senior managers are discussing the 1 Now, looki ng at yo ur CV. I __ _ _ _ __ _
advert for th e position s and are considering w hat skil ls what yo u feel you learnt in your last p lacement?
and personal qualities the successful people should have. 2 I'm al so ______ yo ur reasons for apply ing ta
I! our company .

l
I.
2 List th e skills and personal qualitie s you think the
id eal can did ates should have.
3

4
Now, _----- - -- __ all our
candid ates. Wha t are yo ur strong po in ts?
OK. Thank you . A ___ __ yo ur comp uter
skills. What software are yo u famili ar w ith?
3a Ill li sten to two senior m anagers from Jade 5 Right, thank you . Mo ving on. _ _ __ _ _ _ _
Gyms , H arr y and Marta. Wh ich skill s and qualitie s do what yo u thi nk the growth areas in the leisure
they say are import ant? industry are?
6 O K. _ _ __ __ question. Where do you t hink
3b Comp are th e skills / qualities the y hav e chose n with
t he o nes you disc ussed in Exerci se 2. A re any the same? yo u' ll be in five years' time ?
 SITUATION VACANT •
4b listen again and comp lete th e extracts from th e TASK
candid ate at the int erview. TAKING PART IN AN INTERVIEW
1 I' m ____ _ _ me that because I feel I
develop ed som e imp ortant skill s w hile I w as there.
7a Work in groups , Student As and Student Bs. You
are going to prepare for and take part in an intervie w
2 That' s a _ _____ .Ba sicall y, because it is such
for a work placement.
a respected and famous organi sation.
3 We ll, w ithout going into ____ __j I have very Student As (intervi ewers): Turn to page 163 and prepare
good people skill s. fo r the interview together.
4 I thought you might __ _ _ _ _ th at. Well , Stude nt Bs (candidates): Turn to page 157 and prepare
w hat I can say is, I have a good know ledge of Excel for the interview together.
and W ord, and can prepare excellent Powerpo int
7b Now work in pairs of N B and do the interview. (A
presentati ons.
is th e intervi ewe r, B is t he candidate.)
5 Well , _____ ____, but I think the boom in
fitness centres wi ll cont inu e in the next few years. 8 Student A turn to page 156. Student B turn to
6 Let me just ___ that for a moment. Wel l, I hope page 155. Compl et e the evaluation sheet abo ut your
to be wor king for your company in a senior positio n. partn er. Di scuss th e results and if necessary expla in th e
scores to yo ur partner.
4c Look at Audio script 3.6 on pages 166-1 67 and
check your answ ers to Exercises 4a and 4b. 9 Return to yo ur gro up and explain how successful
yo u think the interview was.
5 Work with a partn er to practis e th e questions and
answe rs in Exercise 4.
USEFUL PHRASES
6 Think about the new internship positions at Jade Thank you fo r comin g in today.
Gyms. Write down three questions th e interviewer Please take a seat.
might ask. With a partner, practise asking and answerin g Are there any qu estions you'd like to ask us?
the question s using framing language. You may invent It's been a pleasure meeting you.
any informati on yo u wish. You cou ld ask about: We' ll let you know shortl y.
• foreign languages • education
• good/bad qua liti es -. • skills
• opinion s about travel for work

33
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STUDY SKILLS 4b Complete this fir st paragraph of 1your application

ORGANISING IDEAS letter for the job. Then write two paragraphs,
1 explaining your reasons for applying and describing
1a Paragraphs Comp\ete the text about paragraphing
\ with the words in the box .
your skills and qualities .

I
I
information link texts logically main
I am w riting to appl y for the position of __, whic h yoL
advertised in today's Jobsonline.com. I am very excited
by the opportunity you offer and believe that I have the
It is common to divide writ ing into paragraphs. A personality and qualifi cations you are looking for.
paragraph contains sentences, and these all 1___ to the
I 2
_ _ idea contained in the key sentence. This is called WRITING SKILLS
the topic sentence. It is usually the first one but can come COVERING LETTER AN D CU RRICULU M VITAE (CVJ
later in the paragraph. The other sentences support it by
giving more 3_ _ or examples. A paragraph w ill have a
5 What is the difference , if any, between a CV, a
resume and a covering letter?
fi nal sentence which usually signals what w ill come next
or summarises information whic h was in the paragraph. 6a Ill Cov ering letter list en to a careers
Most w ritten 4 ___ have several paragraphs which answering questions from a student about covering
connect 5__ _ to each other. letters . Wh at three things does the student ask about ?
1 b Why do we divide texts into paragraphs? 6b Listen again. What are the counsellor's answers to
the questions? Make not es next to the questions you
2 Organising a paragraph Read this paragraph from
wrote in Exercise 6a.
an application letter. It was sent by a candidate who
applied to Jade Gyms for a job. Work with a partner to 7 Denise Martin is applying for a job as an instructor
discuss the following. at the London branch of Jade Gyms (see page 32).
1 Which is the topi c sentence? Read her cove ring letter and complete it with the
2 Whi ch sentences support the main idea? words and phrases in the box.
3 Why is the final sentence not suitable for this paragraph?
work placement available for interview skill s
I have been interested in healthy living and fitness for many look forward degree position
years. This is why I chose to study for a degree in Sports
Management at my university. I have had excellent
grades throughout my studies and expect to graduate in a
few weeks' time. After this, I am thinking of going on to do
a part-time Master's degree in BusinessAdministration. I
am a member of the university debating society and enjoy Dear Ms Khan, 25 September
dancing to South American music. Re: Fitness Instructor

3 The following sentences are from another paragraph I am a student studying Sports Management at the
in the letter. Put the sentences in the correct order and Universityof Surrey. I am writing to apply for the
1___ ofFitness Instructor, which you advertised in
underlin e the topic sentence.
today's KeepFitOnline.com.
a For example , I am captain of the university
I have been interested in healthy living and fimess for
debating team.
many years,which is why I chose to study for a
b One of my strongest point s is my personality. I am a 2
_ __ in Sports Science at my local university.I
confide nt person, very outgoing and sociable.
graduatein three months' time and would like to work
c I beli eve the quali ties that I have mention ed are
in a Health and Fitness club. I was 3__ _ to see your
impor tant for a fitness instructo r.
advert becauseyour clubs have an excellent reputation.
d Because of th is, I have many friends and am a
I am an outgoing, confident person and believethat I
member of several clubs.
have good communication4__ • I speakFrench
4a look again at th e job adverts on page 27. Which fluently and German to an intermediate level. Last
advert interests you the most? Think about these summer, I workedwith a dietician at a hospital and
questions. gainedusefulknowledge of health foods. I also had a
two-month 5__ _ with a sporrsgoods company. In my
1 Wh y do you want to apply for the position?
spare time, I run an aerobicsclass everyMonday evening.
2 What skill s and qualiti es do you have to offer the
organisation? I am 6___ at any time convenient to you. I 7 __

to hearing from you soon.

Yours sincerely,

Denise Martin

34
8 Curriculum Vitae (CV) Work in small gro ups to 10 Look at Monique Lepine's CV. Fill the gaps with
discuss the following. these extracts. There is one extra extract that yo u do
1 What is more common nowadays in your country; not need to use.
sending a CV or fill ing in an online application? a Cycle regularly. Play tennis in a local club.
2 Should you use the same CV for all applications? b D iploma
3 Wha t headings do yo u norma ll y find in a CV? c Work placement
4 Should you include a photo of yourself with your CV? d graduate
5 Should you always tell the truth in a CV? e Graduate trainee
6 Do yo u agree that the best CV is no more than one f numerate
page long? g Good at teamwork
If you were an employe r, how would you feel about h fast-expanding
a CV which had spellin g mistakes? Voluntar y

9a l!I Listen to six peo ple givin g the ir opinion 11 Jade Gym s have vacancies in admini strati on,
about writing CVs. Make notes about what the y say. sales, personnel and finance. App ly to their H ead
Office in London fo r any position. Write a covering
9b Wo rk with a partner to discuss what each person letter and a CV.
said. Do y ou agree with them?

Curriculum Vitae: Moni ine

Profile
I am a highly-mot ivated 1_ in
Comme rce with a strong desire to succeed
in my chosen career. I am interested in
-. working for a 2 _ _ _ company in the leisure
indu stry, whi ch will appreciate my qualities.
I am bright, articu late and 3_ _ , with

excellent comm unicat ion skills.

Educatio n
2011 - 2012 Postgraduate 4 in Marke ting
2008 - 20 11 Dip loma in Commerce, University of Provence
2006 Qune) Baccalaureat Series B (Economics)

Work Experienc e
2013 - present Euromarch e, Paris , 5 __
2012 - 2013 6 work overseas
2011 (summer) Part -time work at Tennis Champio n ship
(Roland Garros , Paris)
2010 (summer) Sales Assistant, Carrefour St ore, Nice, South of France .
2009 (summer) 7__ _(two months), Kopcea, Pari s

Key skills
Fluent in Engli sh, Frenc h and Ger m an
IT-literate; working knowledge of Microsoft Office package
Fast typing - 80 words a minut e

Interests
8

35
1'
Language
I 4.1 LEARNING LANGUAGES
II
I
!
I
l
I

A different language is a different vision of fife . Federico Fellini, 1920-1992, Italian film -maker

VOCABULARY 3 Complete the statements with the words in the box. Which
LANGUAGE ideas do you agree with?
'
1 Work with a partner. Discu ss how bilingual native slang accent second grammar
similar you think these activities are to dial ects false fri ends pronunci ati on
learning a language. - -------
1 Organised and logical people find it easy to learn ___ rules.
dri ving a car
2 Musi cal peopl e find it easy to develop accurate _ _ _ and a
pl aying a musical in strument
good _ _ .
pl aying/doing a dangerous sport
3 Extroverts find it easy to communicate in their _ _ language and so
pai nti ngldrawi ng
find it easy to learn to speak a __ language fluently.
dancin g the tango, wa ltz, etc.
4 Flexibl e people can adapt to differ ent _ __ . (The way a
playing a board game (e.g. backgammon,
language is spoken in different areas.)
chess, Monopo ly)
5 Peopl e w ho are ___ already know two languages so learnin g
one more is very easy.
Learning to drive is similar because you need 6 Learners of languages should make an effort to learn informa l
to practise a lot. phrases, everyday expressions and even ___ .
7 Words that look the same or familiar in differ ent languages but
2 Wh at sort of people do you ' think make have diff erent meanings are called _ __ . Thi s makes learnin g to
th e best language learners ? use them properl y very diffi cult.

READING
4a look at the text. Where does it come from? What is its purpose?

4b Read the text quickly. Who is it aimed at?

a foreign language speakers
b native English speakers
c peopl e who want to speak English as a foreign language
d business people

36
 LEARNING LANGUAGES 4.1 .

4c Read the text again. Are these sentences true , false 6b Complete the sente nces abou t your English
ornot given? studies. Then compare you r answers with a partner.
1 You will receive a certificate at the end of the course. 1 I can get by in __ (language) when I am abroad.
2 There are tests to check your progressduring the course. 2 I would like to stop learning English and take up _ _ .
3 English is one of the languages offered. 3 I catch on quickly when my teacher _ _ _ .
4 You will become fluent in six weeks. 4 It took me __ (weeks/months/years) to pick up
5 There are support materials in English. the basics of
5 I find it difficult to keep up with my work/homework
5 Evaluating the success of a text How effective do you because __ _
think the text is in achie ving its aim? Would you sign up 6 The aspect of my English which lets me down is __
for a course? If not, how could you impro ve the text to 7 I'm falling behind in __ . I'm going to have to
;nake the courses so und more att ractive? work hard to catch up.
8 One thing I can do to help my level of English really
OCABULARY take off is
H RASAL VERBS (2) 9 Learning English will pay off for me when ___ .
6a Look at the phrasal verbs highlighted in the te xt and
11atch the m with their meanings below. SPEAKING
make as much progress as othe rs 7 Work in small grou ps to d iscuss the following.
:! learn eas ily 1 English is an international language because it is easy
3 understand to learn .
.! make less progress than other peop le 2 Language is the most important part of cultural identity.
.i survive · 3 Everyone should learn at least one foreign language.
6 disappoi nt/faiI 4 A government has a duty to protect its country's
- start doing something, e.g. a new activity language.
become successful very fast 5 The world would be a better place if everyone spoke
':1 give benefits the same language.

Nf)tO-nbtEnglish Spoken Here!"

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37
 THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH

LISTENING READING
1 Whi ch variety of English is more po pul ar in yo ur cou nt ry, British 5a Identifying genres Quickly read
or Am erican English, or another variet y? Whi ch variety of English the texts and match them to the
w o uld you p refer to learn ? fo llowin g genres.
a an online university prospectus/brochure
2a ID Listen to two fri ends at uni versity, Henri and Fabio, talki ng
b an onli ne debate
on th e ph o ne. W hat is th e reason for th e phone call?
c a factual newspaper article
2b Listen again an.d co mpl ete th e sentences. Use th e w ord in
brackets to help yo u.
5b Read th e three texts again and match
th e foll owing endin gs to t he texts. W hat
1 Fabio is going to fini sh his essay _ __ . {when?) hel ped yo u make yo ur decision?
2 Henri is going to finish his essay _ _ _ . (w hen?)
a I think the differences in spelliAgs,
3 Fabi o is goi ng to the ci nema w ith _ _ _ . (w ho?)
dialects and regional idioms increase
4 Fabio is going to the cinema on _ __ . (when?)
the beauty of the language. W e cannot
5 Henri's presentation is o n _ _ . (when?)
regulate English. It is constantly evolving.
6 Henri and Fabio w ill see each other at the lecture _ _ . (when?)
b Our lively Chinese language cl ub
celebrates the Chi nese New Year and
GRAM1V1AR is one of the most active student clu b"
FUTURE FORMS o n campus.
3a Look at Audi o script 4.1 on page 167. Underlin e all th e w ays of c And, perhaps a little less glamorousl y,
exp ressing th e futur e th at yo u can find . it is the offi cial language of air safety
instructions and air traffic contro l.
3b Look at yo ur und erlin ed exampl es in th e Audi o script and fi nd
an exampl e of: 5c Answer these questions about the texts.
1 a predict'i on abo ut th e future 1 W hat do the foll owing numbers refer
2 a decision made at the time of speaking to: 400m , 600m , 2b n, 1 bn, 19?
3 an intention for the future 2 What areas does English dom inate?
4 a fi xed arrangement, plan or programme 3 Wh y should you study Chinese?
4 W hy does the first w riter in the debate
3c Compl ete th e.rules wit h will, going to or t he present co ntinu ous. want American English to be adopted?
1 We use _ __ to talk about unp lanned decision s and promises 5 Why does the second w riter in the
that we make at the time of speaking, and to make pred ict ions debate prefer British English?
about the future.
2 W e use ___ to talk about fi xed fut ure arrangements, usual ly
invo lving other people. ········ ··· ···· ······· ······ ································ ·
3 We use ___ to talk about plans or intentions (someth ing w hich English is the native language of
you have al(eady deci ded). a about 400m people and is spoken,
with some degree of fluency, by perhaps
-. Language reference and extra practice pages 132- 133
another 600m .
4 W ork with a part ner. Look at part of anot her conversatio n ································ ·····························
bet w een Henri and Fabio. Choose th e best answe r and discuss the The number actively engaged in learning
reasons fo r your choice. it is rapidly heading tnwards 2bn. And
FABIO: I've made a decision. 1 /'m going to take/ I'll take ·a Master's though there are more people on the
Course in Commun icati on. The course 2 will cha llenge I is planet who speak no English than there
challenging me, but I think I can manage it. W hat about you? will be fluent speakers, the vitality of the
HENRI: Not sure. I haven't made any arrangements yet, but I think language seems obvious.
3
f'm taking I I'll take a postgraduate course. 4 /'m not knowing I There are certain inescapab le facts
I won 't know my exam resul ts till the end of August. 5 /'m about th e global role of English.
probab ly dec iding I I'll probab ly decide then. It dominates diplomacy, trade and
FABIO: Sounds good. O h, I've arranged to meet Richard on shipping, as well as th e entert ainme nt
Wed nesday for band practice. 0 We 're mee ting I We 'll meet at industry and youth culture. It is
5 p.m. Do you wa nt to join us?
the lingua franca of computi ng and
HENRI: Sorry, but 7 /'m playing I I'm going to play tennis w ith Fran then.
tec hnology, of science and medicin e,
FABIO : O K, how about going fo r a coffee now?
and it is promine nt in international
HENRI: Sorry, I' m so tired. I think 81'//go I I'm going home now.
business and academia. It is the working
language of the Unit ed Nations.
by Henry Hitchings

38
 THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH

VOCABULARY
BRITISH AND AMERICAN MONEY IDIOMS
6a Complete the idioms with the words in the box.

-,.7hy stud y Chinese? brok e pass rip tighten million splash

spendin g cheapskate

1 If you ___ the buck, you make someone else

responsible for something you should deal w ith.
2 If you are _, it means you have no money.
the longest continuous culture surviving
3 If yo u look like a __ dollars, you look wonderful.
::: ancient times and will soon become the largest
4 If yo u are a ___ , you do not like spending mon ey.
::omy in the world. China is the world's largest
5 If you go on a ___ spree, you spend a lot of
::an and Mandarin Chinese is spoken by over
money in a 5hort time.
e :TJlion people , making it the most widely-spoken
6 If yo u ___ out on something, yo u spend a lot of
:..anguage in the world.
mon ey on something.
- G.rtn Chinese is not only spoken in the People's 7 If yo u __ _ your belt, yo u spend less money than
of China and Taiwan. It is also spoken in the you used to.
-,rse commun ities of Brun ei, Indonesia, Malaysia, 8 If yo u ___ someone off, yo u charge them too
-;oi! a, the Philippine s, Singapore and Thailand. much money.
- f""i nese Studi es degree will give you a broad
of Chinese cultu re throu gh stu dy of its 6b m listen to the sentences above and check
-!ge. hist ory and literatur e, and includes a year at a your answers.
univer sity in Beijin g or Shanghai.
7 Work with a partner and ask and answer these questions.
1 W hen was the last time you went on a spending spree?
2 When was the last time you looked like a milli on dollars?
3 W hat was the last thing yo u splashed out on?
4 Have you ever been broke?
5 W hy are touri sts sometim es ripped off? ·
6 Is it always a bad thing to pass the buck?
7 Wou ld you keep a frie nd if they were a cheapskate?
8 If you had to tighten your belt, what could you give up?

SPEAKING
8a You are goin g to hold a debat e about British and
Am erican English. This is the motion:
The English-speaking world should adopt American English.

This month's online debate: Divide into two groups to prepar e th e arguments.
Group A: look at page 156 and prepare arguments for
!t!Ji l1N The English-speakingworld should
1 the motion .
American Group . B: look at Vitge 159 and prepare arguments
against tbe motion.
:::.Ornments from the floor:
8b Now hold the debate. Follow th e debate procedure .
at the influence of American English in
music, the web and advert ising. There 1 The spokespersonfrom Group A speaks for the motion.
2dvantages to standard ising interna tional 2 The spokesperson for Group B speaks against the
It is time for American English to be motion.
by the English-speaking world. This would 3 Other people from both group s can speak and give
communicat ion their opini ons for or against.
the sound of the English spoken on the BBC.
."e
learn British English because my favourite
8c Now vote on th e motion (for or against) and decide
±ms are the 19th century British writers. I also which group has won t he debate.
hakes peare .
- ::i:bn and American English are not the only
-:e::es of English out ther e. What about all the W atch an intervi ew with Henry
.\....;;::-a:ians, Canadian s, South Africans, Irish and Hit chin gs, aut hor of Language Wars,
Zealanders? I think some form of Indian English about English as a glob al language.
- ;Ll:iost definitely become the most spoken
Turn to page 151 for video activities.
::-s: o:i o f English soon.
39
 AVOIDING ONLINE MISTAKES

LISTENING 3h Work with a partner and use of the words ir:i

Exercise 3a to talk about the langu,age you use and ho'I
1 a Ill Richard Falvey works at the British Council
you talk to the followi ng people.
and is talking about using corre ct and appropriat e
language online and face-to-face. Listen to the first • very close friends
part of the interview and answer th e questions. • co lleagues
1 What is the British Council ?
• your parents -
2 Complete the fo llow ing list of organi sations that
• a school principal I your boss
Richard develops partnership s with:
chariti es, non- governm ental organisations, READING
educational instituti ons, ____, __ _
3 W hat two thin gs are key to building trust?
4 Identifying main ideas Read the list of tips on how
to avoid mistakes on line and choose t he most suitabl e
1b Bl Listen to the second part of the heading for each tip.
and compl ete thes e extracts. a Watch yo ur language
1 Firstly, W ho's your _ ? b Use secure passwords
2 Secondl y, how w ell do you them ? c Don't share personal information
3 Thirdly , how much do they know about the __ ? d Use privacy settings
4 And fi nall y, w hat is the __ you wa nt? What do e Reply to all?
you want them to do as a result of yo ur __ ? f Keep al I tagged photos priva te

1c Ill Listen to the third part of the interview and 5 Read t he text again and match the mistakes to Tips
make note s. Give at least one example of each of the 1-6. There are two extra mistake s.
following. Someone:
1 how to avoid conf usion a sent a tweet using abusive language.
2 how to avoid losing trust b included someone on an email that they should not ha\
3 how to get the register-right c posted too frequently on Facebook.
. d posted embarrassing photos.
2 Work with a partner to discuss these questions. e included their boss on their Linkedln site.
1 Have you ever upset anyone by yo ur use of language f made a spelling mistake on a job appl icati on .
(face to face or online )? What happened? g used their birthday as a password.
2 Has anyone upset you by their use of language? h gave too much personal infor mation .
How did yo u feel?
6 Work with a partner to discuss these questions.
1 Have you ever done anyth ing online that you
VOCARULARY
have regretted?
LANGUACE STYLE
2 How many social med ia sites do you use regularly?
3a Look at Audio script 4.5 on pages 167-168 and find 3 How wor ried are you about how the informatio n
these words. Then match them with th eir meanings. about you on lin e might be used?
1 formal 4 Should you always use correct spell ing and gramma·
2 informal in emails, Facebook, Tw itter and texts?
3 register 5 W hat do yo u thin k of peop le who post all the time CY
4 context Fac;ebook?
5 appropri ate I
6 humorous
7 polite
8 famili ar
9 medium
a fri endly
b speaking in a way that shows respect for other people
c a way of commu nica'ting infor mation .or ideas
d funny
e situation
f suitable for a parti cul ar time or situation
g suitable for ordi nary and relaxed situations
h suitable for seri ous occasions
a way of speaking or writi ng vyhich yo u use w hen
you are in a particular situation
 AVO IDING ONLINE MISTAKES

in
.
>W

"71P l --- --- TIP3 __ _ _ TIP5

:1e.-nember that if you post personal Be careful when you click 'Reply If you include fetters, numbers and
.-:Ormation online, you could lose control to all'. If you reply to everyone in a punctuation in a password, it will be
e A friend of mine posted photos of message group, then everyone in harcl to break. Use different passwords
..s on holiday. He put them on Facebook that group ' will read that email. This for different accounts and don't
...-:h some inappropriate comments, and is quite a common mistake and can choose your birthday like my friend
-- cy were very embarrassing. I'm frie nds ruin relat ionships with friends and did. Never share your password with
r:h my boss and she saw them. She colleagues. I once included my boss anyone. If someone wants to steal
35 not impressed at all. A lot of young on an email she should not have seen. your ident ity, they might loo k at your
::eopl e post embarrassing pictures for So, take extra care when you respond, _ social m.edia So do not post a
I know someone who lost their and on Facebook do not get confused picture with your pet's name on your
":O because of this. between posting on a wall and Facebook page if this is a secret word
sending a private message. you share with your bank.
-.r=2 ---- --
': son was not careful about posting TIP4 ----- - TIP 6 ---- --
-- c sharing personal information. He Every site allows yo u to choose your If you want to create a good
"?. ealed his date and place of birth, privacy settings. Decide how visible impress ion, proofread your writing.
=-on e number and home address. He you want your profile, contacts, Even better, get someone else to
·.e. ?.:n t old his friend where the spare set photo s and videos to be and then check what you have writt en. There's
::- <eys were hidden. Needless to say, learn how to set t he th e right level of nothing worse than a silly spe lling
=-- riome was broken into! If yo u share control. Familiar ise yourse lf w ith the or gramm ar mistak e. And cheek t hat
information online, be carefu l sites' policies about informa ti on you your language is appropriate. I usually
:.-c don't share informati o n that can post. My sister had her boss on her reject c;;indidates if they make spe lling
--e ::> peop le steal you r id entity or find Linkedln site but show ed herself as mistakes on the ir job applications .
- --=where you live . Don'tt:accep t every LOOKING FOR WORK on the site.
"':-c..:est to become a friend. Her boss was not impressed.

9a Write a list of tips on how to avo id making

FIRST CO NDI TIO NAL mistakes on line. Use the first conditional beginning
with if and an imperative.
7 Look at the highlighted first conditional sentences
in the text. Complete these statements about the first If you share p ersonal information, be careful .
1r
conditional using the words in the box. 9b Compare you r list with a partner.
·.ill present simple imper ati ve real could might
SPEAKING
1 We use the fi rst cond itiona l to talk about 1 Oa Work with a partner and choose a topic from
possibili ties in the future. the following list: social network sites, ema il, instant
1 In the if-clause we can use the messaging, texting. Make a list of Dos and Don'ts. For
3 In the main clause we can use mod als lik e example, her e is a list fo r email s:
and but we can also use the
to give adv ice.
• Get to the point • Use poor grammar and
8 Complete these sentences using your own ide as.
qui ckly. spellin g.
1 If I pass my ex ams, _ __ .
• Fill in the • Reply to all wi thout
1 If I show yo u how to use Tw itter, _ _ _ ?
lin e. checki ng.
3 W hat __ if I press this key?
• Use appropriate • Use al I capital letters fo r a
-. If it's nic e weather, ___ .
language. word . (It reads lik e you're
5 If it rains, ___ .
' shoutin g'. )
6 If I go to London , _ _ .
w ill mi ss the plane.
8 If my comput er crashes, ___ ? 1 Ob Now swap your list with another pair and
evaluate th eir li st. Whi ch Dos and Don'ts do you think
-+ Language reference and extra pract ice pages 132- 133
are th e mo st useful?

41
: 4.4
---- ---· --
SCENARIO
LANGUAGE TRAINING

SITUATION 2b In small groups, discuss and make note s on th e

advan tages and disadvanta ges of each prop osal, frorr
1 Read the situ ation below and answ er t he questio ns.
th e poin t of vi ew of both th e staff and th e charit y.
1 Why does IMA need an English language programme?
2 W hich staff w ill it focus on in its language trainin g? 3a IllListe n to thr ee memb ers of the HR
dep artm ent, Claire, Frank and Sophia, ta lking abou t
Internati onal Med i-Aid (!MA), based in Florence, th e English langu age training programm e. Wh at t hree
Italy, is a charity whic h provide s medical aid to top ics do they discuss?
many countries . Recently the management decided
that English wi ll be the working language of the 3b Listen again and answer t he question s.
organisatio n. The Human Resources department of 1 W hat w ill the HR members do before decidin g abou
IMA w ill start by organising English language training one-to-one classes and British and American English
for 200 staff at Head Office. It wi ll priorit ise th ose 2 Why do they dec ide to run classes for
who are in most need of trai ning. Admi nistrati ve staff?

2a Read th e extract from a report fr om a member

of the HR dep artmen t at IMA. What are the two REPORT: RESULTS
problems concerning th e language pro gramm e?

H ere are the result s of the surve y of the staff's English lang:
ability that I carried out recen tly.
I

ENGLISH LANGUAGE ABILITY

I
NUM BER EXCELLENT GOOD FAIR POOi
'-

4 2 2 6
Senior staff (26)
,__ _ --- --8 -
. 6 5
- 7
Fun d raisers (30) 6 2 10 12
.___ ____
Med ical staff (32) 10 7 3
- >-
12
Ad m in istrative 36 15 25 22
staff (98)

We need to keep any training costs low as the budget for langu2
training for the first year is only €150,000. There are five possih·
ways of providing English language training. However, we do
not agree on the best programme . These are the proposals, witl:
estimated costs.
• Proposal I : Send staff to a language schoo l close to
Head Office.
Cost : 10 participants on a fc;mr-week course (20 hours a week)
=€20,000.
• Proposal 2: Hire two English language instructors to give
courses at H ead Office.
Cost: 10 participants on a four-week course (20 hours a week)
=
€8,000.
J • Pr oposal 3: Hire a language expert to plan and set up cours
online for staff.
Cost : no information at present, but this could be expensive
- at leas t €40,0 00
• Proposal4: Send groups of staff to the UK or USA for a
crash course.
C ost: for a two-week course (30 hours per week) + air fare +
accommodation:::: €5,000 per employee for the UK, €7,000
for the US
• Prop osal 5: Provide one-to-one English language training at He
Office. Cost: €80 per hour
 ¥

4.4
LANGUAGE TRAINING

KEY LANGUAGE TASK

ACCEPTING AND REJECTING ID EAS, CONS ID ERING SELECTING A N ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROG RAMME
CONS EQU ENCES Sa Work in groups of four. You are memb e rs
4a Look at the expr essions below and match each of t he Human Resources department of IMA
group to one of th ese headings: Accepting ideas, and are going to decide on the English langua ge
Rejecting ideas, Consid ering consequences . progr amme .
Group 1: __'__ Student A: turn to page 156 .
Let's think thi s through. Student B: turn to page 1 61.
If w e do that, what w ill happen? Stude 'nt C: turn to page 163.
W hat w il l the effects be? Stud ent D : tu rn to page 155.
Follow this procedur e.
Group2: _ 1 Di scuss the op tio ns fo r Engli sh language trai nin g.
I thin k you' re right. Try to persuade th e members of your grou p th at
It' s an interesting thought. yo ur o pt ion is th e best. Yo u want th e chari ty to
That's a great idea. spend most of th e bud get on your opt ion.
2 Listen to all the argum ents. Th en, as a gro up,
agree on the Engl ish language programm e fo r
Group 3: ___ _
th e fi rst year.
M mm, I don' t know about that.
I' m afrai d I do n' t li ke the idea. Sb Present your group 's progr amm e to th e class. Then
I' m not in favou r of it. v ote on the best as a class.

4b Listen again and tick ( v"') the expressions you hear.

Then look at Audio script 4.6 on page 168 and find o ne
other expression for each category .

43
 -
STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS
..
I I

STUDY SKILLS 5 Look at the results for this year.1 Work with a
.
. I DESCRIBING CHARTS AND TABLES partner and write some true / false statements like in
Exercise 4. Give them to another pair to answer, th en
II 1
Where do you usually see charts and tables in your check their answers.
everyday life? How often do you need to look at or use
I them? For what reasons? This year almo st two thirds of stude nts were very
satisfied with the teaching.
l 2 Match the percentages and the fractions.
6 Look at the chart below for 20 seconds and choos e
1 67% a just under a quarter
I 3
2 32%
75%
b
c
ju st ove r tw o thirds
slightly less than a thi rd
the best summary.
a Thi s chart shows the numb er of native and second
4 23% language speakers of some differ ent languages.
d ju st over half
5 52% e (exact ly) three quarters b Th is chart shows the percentage of speakers of a
6 48% f more than thr ee quarters numb er of differ ent languages over som e years.
7 80% approximately three quarters c This chart compares the numb er of native speaker
g
8 74.5% h almost half of imp ortant wo rld languages at tw o different poi nL
in time.
3 Answer the questions . d This chart shows some changes in eight languages
1 W hich of the fo llowing is a m ajority? and the number of nati ve speakers from fifty years
ago and now.
a 32% b 24% c 77%
2 W hi ch of the fo llo w ing is a min ority? Approximate number of native speakers of languages
a 21% b 83% c 91% 50 years ago and today

4 Look at the table showing results from 100 st1,1dent

questionnaires at a university language centre last 1 billion
year and this year on student satisfaction in two areas:
teaching and facilities (bui ldin gs, rooms , equipment).
900,000,000

800,000,000
year
Very 51 65 32 10
satisfied 700,000,000

Satisfied 24 • 24 . 38 52 .
Qui te 10 6 20 600,00 0,000
satisfied
Not 12 2 8 12 500,000,000
satisfied
No 3 3 2
.,.op inion 400,000,000

Look at the results for last year. Are t hese statements 300,000,000
tru e or false? Correct th e false statements.
1 Approx imately half the students were very sati sfied
200,000,000
wi th the teachin g.
2 Ten percent of the stud ents were qui te satisfied w ith
the facili ties. 100,000,000
3 Just und er two third s of the students were very
satisfied w ith the facilitie s.
4 A lmost a qua rter of the stud ents we re sati sfied w ith
the faciliti es.
5 The major ity was very satisfied or satisfied w ith
teachin g and faciliti es.
6 A small mino rity had no opinion about teachin g and
faci Iities.
7 More than a quarter w eren' t satisfied w ith the
teaching and faciliti es.
Today 5 0 year s ago

44
 -

STUDY AND WRJTJNC SKJLLS

-
1 'Compi ete tne report with the words and phrases a-g. 9b Pu t the se nten ces in a log ica l ord e r. Th e first a nd
a the approx imate number e however last have been numb ered.
b appr oximate ly f over the period
c a significant increase g overa ll 10 Look back at the report in Exercise 7. Underline
the link ers (e.g. howeve r ).
d there were no figures give n
The bar c hart shows 1___ of speakers of different 11 Write a report about the information in the chart
languages in the wor ld now and fifty years ago. 2_ , in Exercise 8. Use yo ur sentences from Exercise 9 and
the chart demonstrates that the number of speakers of all link them wh ere you can. Use t he repo rt in Exercise 7
languages have increased over the period. as a mode l.
Fifty years ago there were 3__ 200 million speakers of
Chinese. This has increased to the present figure of alm9st a Percentage of popul ation using English as a firsf or
billion. There were also 200 million speakersof English fifty seco nd language
years ago, but this figure has only increased to 370 milli on.
In addition, there has been 4___ in the number of
100
Spanish speakers from 100 million fifty years ago to around
400 mill ion today. Similarly, there were increasesin the
number of Russian and Japanese speakers. In contrast, there 90
were 100 mill ion speakers of German fifty years ago, but
this figure has remained almost the same 5_ __ . 80
6
__ _ for speakers of Hindi and Arabic fift y years ago.
7 70
at present there are about 300 mi lli on speakers
of Hindi and 280 milli on speakers of Arabic.
60
WRITING SKILLS
A REPORT so
8a You hav e bee n asked to write a rep ort fo r a
uni ve.rsity lectu rer d escrib ing the in fo rm ation shown 40
in the chart o n t he right. In pairs or small groups ,
answe r t hese questions. -.. 30
1 W hat percentage of the population of Australia uses
Engli sh as a first language? 20
2 Which cou ntry has the highest percentage that uses
Engli sh as a second language? 10
3 W hi ch cou ntry in the chart has the highest
comb ined percentage of speakers of Engli sh?

8b Look at t he oth er countries in the chart and make

state ments about th eir use of English as a first and
second language.

9a Look at the chart again and comp lete th e

sente nces.
English as a first language • English as a second lang uage
0 In M alaysia almost a third of the popu lation ...
[2J There were no figures given for .. .
0 Overal l, the chart demonstrates that six countries in
the chart have a majority of .. .
Q] This chart shows the percentage of people from a
number of countries who .. .
0 The country with the lowest percentage of speakers
of English as a fir st language ...
0 In South Africa, just unde r a quarter of . ..
0 It is also interesting that in Barbados and New Zealand ...
0 Compared to the 97% of speakers of English as a fir st
la_nguage in the UK , in the USA the percentage ...
0 The percentage of speakers of English as a second
language in the USA is approximately the same as .. .

45
.:
U,I . Advertising
1' I I
5.1 WHAT MAKES A GOOD ADVERT?

Yo u can tell th e ideals of a nation by its adve rti sing. No rman Do uglas, 1868- 1952, Scott ish w ri t er

SPEAKING ..
1

1
Work with a partner to discuss
the following.
Have you eve r b ought somet hin g
ju st because of an advert ? When?
'' First of all, an advert has to be att ention -grabbin g and powerful. You ne
a st rong image that i s eye-catchi ng, a catchy slogan, a joke or someth:-
shocki ng. In adverti sing, we talk about the AIDA formu la. A is for att en:
I is for inter est. D is for desire. A is for action. An ad needs to do more:
2 Are the re any adv erts w hi ch yo u get our atten t ion. Jt also has to be effecti ve and persuasive. It must ge:
parti cul arl y dislike? Which one(s)? interested. make us want the product and mot ivate us to go out and bl.
Why? Mi chael Hamilt on, advertising executive
3 Thi nk of a memorable advert.
Describe it.

READING Adven;ising has changed over t he years. Adverts are no longer purely
2a Read thr ee opinions about informative and focused on the product. Many of the adverts that we see i -
adve rtisin g. Are the se statements true, are short stories telli ng inspirati onal tales that are often witty, humorous a-
false or p artl y true? sophisti cated. People do not want t o remember that life can be dull. They
1 Michae l Hamilton says that adverts to see something origi nal and creative. The adverts take away the ordinan
m ust attra ct attentio n and be colou rfu l. of everyday life and take us t o somewhere exotic or romant ic.
2 H e also states that an advert shou ld Miranda Hoyl es, head of US advertising agency
encourage us t o do some thin g.
3 Mi rand a r.foy les states that adverts
now adays do more than in the past.
4 Hoyles also says peop le lik e adverts
that refl ect ever y day li fe. Many people talk about advertisements that are exciting and intriguing. But -
5 Chri sti e Peterson focuses on co mpany me. an instantly recognisable logo is really important. Good logos have bee:-
names, sloga ns and logos. built up so'they are recognisable. Part of what makes a good advert is a clea·
6 She says th at mystery in an advert symbol t hat people immediately identify with the company A good slogan a
is more import ant than learnin g the helps you make a connection. ihe real thing' makes you think of Coca-Cola
product or comp any name. immediately. It's also important that your slogan does not become irritating
Christie Peterson, illustrator

46
 VVHAT MAKES A GOOD ADVERT?

2b Inferring opinion Work with a partner to discuss 5a Choose the correct words .
the following. Which of the people in the text do yo u A: OK, let's brainstorm how we' re going'to
think would agree with or say the following? Why? 1
promo telendorse this product.
1 Advertising helps people to escape from realit y. B: We ll, we cou ld get a famou s celebrit y, like an actor
2 Strong symbol s and carefully chosen wor ds are the or sports star to endorse it.
key to good advertising. A: I think that wou ld be much too expensive.
3 Impact is the most important aspect of advertising. zcommercial !Sponsorship of a TV programme wo uld
4 Being too repetitiv e an advert can be dangerous. also cost a lot. And a TV 3 /ogolcommercial is out
of the question for the same reason. I've seen some
2c Which opinion do you agree wit h the most? great TV spots w hich are visuall y beautiful and really
4
eye- catching lsh 9cking, often set in romant ic or
VOCABULARY 5
dull/exotic location s. But I don't thi nk they've been
ADJECTIVES, ADV ERTISING very 6 effec tive/w itty as people can' t remember the
prod uct they ' re advertising.
3 Find adjectives in the first two texts in Exercise 2a
B: I agree, but we don 't want something 7 catch y!dulf
w hich mean the fo llowin g.
and bo ring. How about advertising on the internet?
1 attracting you r attention easil y , Wou ld the budget run to that?
2 unusual, attractive and noti ceable A: Yes, we could stretch to that.
3 amusing and enjoyable , easy to remember B: And wo uld you lik e something mysterious and clever
4 very surprising or witty and w ith a(n) 8 eye-catc hing/catchy j ingle?
5 wo rks wel l and produces the results you want A: M aybe. What I really wa nt is something new and
6 able to make people do or believe something 9 dulfloriginal. But most important ly, it must be

. 7 funn y and clever 10

persuasive /misleadin g. It must get people to buy

I 10
8
9
not inter estin g or exciting
imaginative, using comp letely new and different ideas
unusual and exc itin g because it comes from a
distant co untry
5b
the product.

Ill Listen and check yo ur answers.

4 Match th e words connected with adve rti sing w ith

LISTENING
their meanin gs. 6a Ill Listen to t hree people talkin g abo ut diff erent
adverts and answe r the quest ions fo r each extr act.
sponsorship commersial (n) promote jin gle
a What is the type of product?
mislead ing slogan endorse logo
b What is the brand ?
c D id the speaker like the advert?
>n. 1 an advert on TV or radio
an 2 fi nancial support a company gives in order to get 6b Listen again and note down the adject ives th at

,,
s
it 3
4
5
6
pub li city for themselves
a short phrase that is easy to remember
to say publicly that you support or approve of something
giving the wrong idea or impr ession
special design/symbo l that a compan y puts on all its
each speaker uses to describe the advert.

6c Which adve rt was th e most effective? Why?

SPEAKING
product s or adverts
7 a You are going to discuss some photo s for use in
7 to help to sell somethin g, especiall y by advertising
adver ts. Work in gro ups of four, two As and tw o Bs.
8 a short, easy to remember phrase with music
lay · Stud ent As: Look at the tw o photos on page 156.
j Student Bs: Look at the two photos on page 158.
mt With your partner , discuss the followin g.
SS
1 W hich produ ct(s) yo u could use them for.
2 How yo u wo ul d use them fo r advertising.
3 W hat slogans you wq uld choose.

7b Now wo rk in new pairs, A and B. Expl ain yo ur

advertis ing ideas to your new part ner.

47
 MANIPULATING IMAGES
-
························································································ READING
15 IT ACCEPTABLETO
1 W ork with a partn er t o discuss t he fo ll ow in g.
MANIPULATE IMAGES 1 What do you th i nk of the two photos of the same
IN ADVERTISING? pe rson in the art icle? ,
2 Is it acceptab le to man ipu late image s of p eopl e ir.
ad vertisin g?

2 You are goi ng t o read a FOR and AGAINST article in 2

mag azin e on the above topi c. Work in pairs.
Student A: Read th e FOR tex t on this page.
Student B: Read th e AGAINST text on page 158 .

Scan yo ur texts and find out w hat it says about thes e

people. Then share your information with your partner.
1 Amanda Forti ni
2 Julia Roberts
3 Kate Wins let
4 Bri tney Spears
5 Christin e Loirit z
6 Brad Pitt
7 Chu ck Close
In recentyears, digitally manipulating images,or 'photoshopping',
has become increasingly common, particularly in the advertising
3a Read your text again and mak e not es o n th e
key points.
industry. It is now usual practicefor the photos of celebrities and
models to be retouched and altered t o make them look more 3b Work w it h yo ur partner. Usin g o nly yo ur n otes,
physically 'perfect' than they really are. Photoshopping has caused summarise your text fo r yo ur partn er.
a great deal of controversy over the years, with those against it
arguingthat it promotes an unrealisticand distorted image of what 4 Evaluating arg um ents Which arg um ents do you
people, particularly women, look like. th in k are stronger - FOR or AGAINST? Why?

But is bad as many people believe?An expert 5 Text refe rence Loqk at t h e FOR text again and
on fashion, Amanda Fortini, certainly does not think so. writes who or what the ;highlighted wo rds ref er to .
articles on fashion and popular culture for the New York Times
and has come out strongly in defence of photoshopping images.
VOCABULARY
She argues t hat adult women and men are well aware that images
WORDS WITH A SIMILAR MEANING
of celebritiesare retouched. She quotes Christine Loiritz, editor of
French Marie Claire,to support her opinion, 'Our readers are not 6a Look at these ve rbs from the texts co nn ected t o
idiots, especiallywhen the see those celebrities who are 50 and 'c hange'. Match them to their m ean in gs be l ow.
look 23.' Her point is that young people have seen programmes
alter enh ance man ipul ate di sto rt exa ggera
about airbrushing on t elevision and in the newspapers. are
not without knowledgeof the techniques advertisersuse.
1 to im prove som ethin g
Fortini also points out t hat images of famo us people have been , 2 to skil ful ly contr ol or move somethin g
altered and exaggeratedfor many years - t his technique 3 to c hang e
not new. Ever since advertising began, images of a beautiful, 4 to c han ge the shap e or sound of something
wealthy and youthful world have been used to sell products . 5 to m ake someth ing seem better, larger , w orse, etc
We should accept that airbru shed images are a fiction, a th an it reall y is
fanta sy. We should not criticise them.
Manipulated images are powerful. Some are subtle and others
6b Co m plet e the sent enc es w ith an appro pri ate fo:-
of the verbs in Exerci se 6a. Use each ve rb only once-
are instantly recognisable as fakes. Mani are witty. We want
to manipulate •t he wor ld in which we live and this is reflected 1 H er face had not ___ mu c h over the years.
in our willingness to prod uce and consume those images. . 2 You ca n ___ pho tos using var ious softw are
Adverti sers should be free t o produce w hatever images they prog ramm es.
3 Tall bui ld ings ca n ___ radio signa ls.
think are beautif ul and will help sell products.

J
4 Beni tez said everyone hated him , but he w as _
So is it acceptab le t o manipulat e images? Of course it is. 5 Salt t he flavo ur of food .
Amanda Fortini is right. W e know what im ages are fake, and ·i
we should use our critical.skills when images. As she
says, 'The problem isn't a'ltered photos, it's our failure to alter
our expectations of them.'

48
 LISTENING
7a m
Listen to a conver sation betw een a
GRAMMAR
MANIPULATING IMAGES

SECOND COND ITIONAL

-
·w eb designer and t w o photograph ers and answ er 8a Loo k at the se sentences fr om t he co nversation.
th e que sti ons. If we act qui ck ly, we' ll limit the damage.
1 What kind of photographs do tbey take? We'd design the website ourselves if we had enough time.
2 Where do th ey take thei r photographs?
Now co mplete t he statements below using t he wo rds
3 Do the photographers have a website at the moment?
in th e box.

will present simple unlikely would likely simple

1 We use the fir st condi tional to talk about thin gs that

are _ _ to happen.
2 We use the second cond iti onal to talk about things
that are _ _ _ to happen.
3 We form the first conditional w ith:
+ infinitive.
4 We form the second con ditional with : if+ _ _ _
+ infin itive .

8b Look at the sente nces in Exercise 7b and fi nd an

example of the fo llowing .
1 if+ past simple+ moda l
2 a set phrase with If I were you + would
8c Look at th e sente nces in Exercise 7b again and
choose t he correct words in t hese stateme nts.
1 It is likely I unlikely they will get an invitation to
Papua New Gui nea.
2 They have I don 't have enough time.
3 It is likely I unlik ely they will act quickly.
e 4 It is likely I unlikely they w ill make the sea blue r.
5 This phrase is used I not used to give advi ce.
6 The speaker has I does not have the phone numb er.
7 The speaker has I does not have an unli mited budget.

.,... Language refere nce a nd extra pract ice pages 134-135

GRAMM AR TIP
In second condi tio nal sentences, would can be
replaced wit h could to mean 'wou ld be able to' .

7b Listen again and complet e t he sente nces. 9 Di scuss these qu estio ns in gro ups.
1 If we an invitation to a ceremony in Papua New 1 Would you be offended if someone photoshopped you?
Guinea, we'll go there right away for a great shoot. 2 Who would yo u most like to look like, if you could?
2 W e'd design the website ourselves if we 3 W hat is the fi rst thing yo u wo uld change about you r
enough time. life if you had a lot of mon ey?
3 If we __ quick ly, we' ll lim it the dam age. 4 W ho wo uld you most like to meet if you could
4 If we make the sea bluer, the picture _ _ _ look
meet anyone?
even better. 5 Who would you most like to help if you had a lot of
5 If I ___ you, I'd use this photo as your main image.
money?
6 If I had the coup le' s number on me, I _ give 6 If you could go (or go back) to university, w hat
them a call now. wo uld you study?
7 W hat _ _ _ you do if you had an un limit ed budget? 7 W hat wou ld you have for dinne r today if you could
7c In gro ups, discuss how yo u wo uld design the choose anythin g you wanted?
photograp hers' w ebsit e.
SPEAKING
10 In small groups, discuss this question.
Should cosmetic surgery on people under the age of
twenty-one be made illegal?
49
 ADVE RTISING AND CHILDREN

READING
1
What pro d ucts are most commonl y featur ed in
adverts fo r child ren? How are th ey adverti sed?

2aRead th e articl e q uickl y and say which of th e

foll owin g are not menti o nea in the text.
1 the time children spend watching television
2 the w ays in w hich advertisers can reach chil dren
3 the dangers of advertising to childr en
4 how different countr ies contro l advertising
5 products that are not allowed to be advertised in
d ifferent countries

2b Read th e articl e again and fin d t he fo llowing.

1 thr ee examp les of ways in w hich advertisers
reach child ren
2 thr ee serious problems w ith advertising for chi ldren
3 four countries that impose contro ls on advertising
for childr en
4 three countries that used to have no governmental
controls on advertising to children
5 three examples of how countries approach the
contro l of advertising to children differently

•
•
3 Responding to the topic W ork wi th a partner to
discuss t he fo llowing.
1 Do you agree that advertising should not be aimed at
children? W hy?/Why not?
2 In the text there are a number of approaches to
controll ing advertising for children. Which is the best?
A new report has concluded that advertising
3 In your opini on should some products not be
managers are becoming increasingly
advertised at all ? If so, w hich?
children . Studies show that children influence ab
50 percent of th in gs that families buy, so the y a•
VOCABULARY 5 an attractive target for advertisers . Unfortunat e
WORD COMB IN ATION S some companies have increased their advertisi ng
4 Look at the articl e again and fi nd th e wo rds below. children for many of their least nutritious pro du-.
Whi ch other w ords do th ey combin e wi th? Is each John Taylor, t he aut hor of t he report and a lectu' '
com bination adj ect ive + noun o r noun + noun? at th e Departm ent of Media and Communicat ions a
10 t he Universit y of West London, says: 'Advert isers
1 managers (line 2)
2 target (line 5) can reach t heir target in many ways. They can, for
3 commercials (lin e 13) example, show an advert many times during schoo
4 cartoons (line 18) holidays, the y can make the TV commercials a litt !e
5 message (lin e 27) louder t han th e programmes to att ract att ention,
6 sums( line3 1) 15
or t hey can sponsor programmes and show t heir
7 food (li ne 31) commercials just befo re th e progra mme begins.'
8 products (line 34)
Most advertisements aimed at children are short,
9 websites (line 40)
imaginative and often in th e fo rm of animated cartoo.....
5 Com plet e t he sent ences so they are t rue for yo u. 'Children love t he adverts and watch them in the same
20
1 I think ad;vertising managers should .. . way as any enterta inment programme,' Taylor says.
2 I think j unk food is .. . There are concerns about advert ising aimed at
3 I like/do n' t like TV commercia ls that .. . people. The concerns are shared by Sarah Durham, a
4 Companies should not spend vast sums of money on ... write r and journ alist specialising in media analysis. '7-
most worrying t hing is th at children do not t hink
25 carefull y when t hey see television advertisements.
are less crit ical t han adults and do not usually realise
th at t he advert ·has a persuasive message, to
t hem or their parents to spend as much money as
possible on t he product or service,' she says.

50
30
There are also concerns over the
GRAMMAR
COM PARISON
ADVERTISING AND CHILDREN
-
vast sums of money that junk food
· manufacturers spend on adve rtising ... 6 look at the comparative forms highlighted in the text. Co mplet e
to persuade children to buy their food th ese statements using th e words in the box.
products. Many advert isements,
35
a little most as (x3) less a lot -est more
argues Durham, promote food that is'
-er not as muc h more least
a lot higher in fat, salt and suga r th an E

I
hea lthier alternatives. ' M·any com panies
1 We mak e the comp a rative of one-syllable adject ives by add ing
target childre n with offers of free toys,
_ _ _ to the adject ive. W ith most longer ad ject ives we put __ _
mod els of ca rtoon characte rs, gi mmicky
40
before the adject ive.
packag ing and inter active webs ites. In 2 We make the supe rlative of o ne-syllable adject ives by addin g __ _
most western coun tri es, there are a lot to the adjective . Wit h most longe r adject ives we pu t ___ befo re
more adverts during children's TV for the ad ject ive .
food than any other type of product, and 3 We use _ _ or __ to emphasise a large difference.
these are ma inly for confect ionery, 4 We use ___ to e mphasise a small difference.
45
sweetened breakfast cerea ls and fast
food rest aura nts.'
Government a pproach es to
I 5
6
7
We use _ _ + adjective + _ to say there is no differe nce.
We use __ + ad jective + _ _ to say there is a d ifference.
We use __ to make an adject ive weake r.
co nt ro lling advertising to children 8 We use (the) __ +adject ive to show the smallest amoun t (the

50
vary. In Sweden, one of the strictest
co un tr ies whe re adverti s ing is
concerned, TV a dvertis ing to children
I.
oppos ite of most).
""- Language reference and ext ra praclice pages 134-135

un der the age of 12 is banned. Greece - 7 Co rre ct the mistakes in the sente nces .
bans television a dve rtis e ments for 1 Coc a-Co la is the most biggest sel ler of soft dr inks to children .
children 's toys between 7 a.m. and 2 Childre n's teeth are a much more bad than they were te n yea rs ago .
55
10 p. m. Oth er count ries, such as 3 This comp ute r game is so expensive as that o ne .
Denmark and th e Net her lands, a lso 4 These trainers are much more better than those ones.
have st rict legal controls. 5 The new ZX ra dio-control led car is lot faster that the 2012 vers ion .
Some countries are not as certain as 6 Coffee is just as tastier as tea.
7 Wh e n it comes to chi ldre n, health is the mo re importa nt thing
the Swedes t hat adverti sing to children
60 in the wor ld.
is harmful. For example, the French
8 Children like the ce reals that a re the less hea lthy for them.
have argued that childre n need to see
9 The ad wasn't as good I expected.
many ad ve rtisement s so that they can
deve lop the ir ability to think as they
grow up. The belief is th at advertisi ng SPEAKING
65
wi ll help chi ldren to be more aware 8a W ork in gro ups of three. You are a fa mily (mother, fathe r, so n)
of its persuas ive power. However, and yo u want to buy a quad bike (a moto rbi ke wit h fo ur w hee ls) for
eve n cou ntrie s who have in the past th e 16- yea r-old so n.
preferred not to have lega l co ntrol s, Student A (fat he r): Turn to pa ge 156 .
are now gett ing t oug her. France has Student B (moth e r): Turn to page 158.
70
bann ed adverts for mob ile phones to Student C Turn to page 160 .
th e under 12s. The UK has now bann ed
junk food adve rts in shows aimed at 8b l ook at the tab le on page 159, which has inform ation about four
children under 15, and Germany has diffe re nt quad bikes. As a family, compa re the fo ur bikes, talking
ba nned adverts makin g 'dire ct offers' about the small a nd big differences a nd the things th at a re th e sam e.
75 Try to ag ree on w hich bike to buy.
to children.
This a ll mea ns that there is litt le hope
that the sit uatio n wi ll be reso lved by A:l ., ..
any kind of cro ss-E.uropean regulatio ns.
' Beca use some countrie s are much more
I Watc h an interv iew with Vena Raffle a bout the work
of the UK Advertisin g Standards Authority .
80
relaxed t han others a bout advert ising to Turn to page 151 for video activit ies.
children, the Europea n Union is unable
at present to have a commo n approac h
to t he prob lem. Unt il the majority of
memb er state s are as sure as the Swedes
85 of the harmfu l nat ure of advert ising,
t he curr ent indec ision will cont inue,'
conc ludes Taylor.
51
 s.4 SCENARIO
B-KOOL SOFT DRINKS

SITUATION 2a m Listen to the Mark etin g Direct or, Amy Che-

talking to Larissa Klein, head of an advert ising agen0
1 Read the situation below. Work wit h a partner and
What five points does Amy Chen w ant the agency ta
look at this list. Which factors do you think B-Kool should
cover in th eir presentation?
use to choose the advertising agency? Rank them in ord er
of importan ce (1 =. most important, 5 =least imp ortant). 2b Liste n again . Compl ete th e notes th at Larissa Kie-
• how good the presentation by the agency is made durin g the conv ersation. Use one or two wor ch
• how good their ideas are for the advertising in each gap.
• how enthusiastic they seem to be about the drink
• how much the agency wi ll charge for .the campaign
• how well know n the agency is ?oinrs ro c;oveY in fAe presenfaf-ion

B-Kool is a soft drinks manufact urer, based in Name of' drink?

New O rleans, USA. The company is going to Slo9an?
intr od uce a new drink to the market soon, w hic h
wi ll appeal to the eight to fou rteen-year-old age ?ae-ka9i119 : Can or /Joffle?
group. The d rin k is made from a mixt ure of exotic Desi9n, '- - - and 2 ___ ?
fruit s. W hen it was tested, young peopl e used three How ro adverTise? •_ __ dvrin q
wo rds to describe its qualit ies: fr esh, deli cious ,
healthy. There wil l be an intern;;itio nal adverti sing
0 c;..hildren's -television? Children 's
ma9az.i11es? Use rhe 4 _ _ _ ? One
campaign to launch th e new prod uct The 7V c:-ommerc:-ial or 5 _ _ _ , one
marketing department has asked three advertising f'or eac:-11 c:-ovnfry? '"--- spofs?
t

r
lil agencies to present their ideas for the campaign. If' yes, w.haf f i me of' day? ;vhaf-
B-Kool will choose one of the agencies to plan and sorf of' pro9ra111me fo 1 _ _ _ ?
carry out the campaign.
Ideas f'or pro111orin9 f-.he drink ,
e.q . a__ _ in f!C:-.hools or of'f'er
' --- wifh f-he 1090 on f-.he)71?

"
 B-KOOL SOFT DRINKS •
KEY LANGUAGE TASK
THE LANGUAGE OF PRESENTATIONS GIVIN G A FORMAL PRESENTATION
3a Ill Larissa Klein and two colleagues make a 4a Work in small groups . Each gro up represents an
presentation to the mark eting department of B-Kool. adve rti sing agency. Choose a name for yo ur agency,
Listen to th e beginnin g of t he presentation and th en discuss your id eas for an advertising campai gn to
compl ete the phrases. launch the new drink .
Beginnin g a presentatio n:
1 I' d like to ___ Emili o Sanchez on
4b Make your presentation to th e other gro ups. Each
person in your group should present one part of the
my left, and next to him, Karl Reiner.
presentatio n. Use the following structure fo r yo ur
2 Ou r _ __ _ _ is to present some ideas for your
presentation .
new product.
3 Ou r presentation _ _ _ _ __ three parts. • name of the new drink
4 If you __ _ _ _____Jwe' ll be pleased to • slogan for the dri nk
answer them at the end of ou r presentation. • design of the packaging
• how to advertise the drink - what media to use
3b Ill Listen to the next part of t he presentation • special promotions
and compl ete the phrases.
Talking about a different subj ect:
5 As a class, discuss th e presentations. Which one w as
th e most interesting/crea tiv e/per suasive?
1 Moving _ __ _____ the design of the can.
Referring to an illustration :
2 Please _ ____ _____ _

3c If.IListen to th e end of the presentation and

complete the phrases.
Ending a presentation:
1 Now, let me _ _ _ _ _ ___ points .
2 Thank you very much ___ ___ ___ ___ .
3 Are there _____ -.._ ?

3d In which section of the presentation w ould yo u

expect t o find the following? M atch the phrases to the
headings in Exercises 3a-c .
1 Now, I' ll sum up.
2 I'm going to talk to you about ou.r advertising
3 Hello everyone, thanks for coming to my presentat1o!'f •
4 That's all I have to say. Emil io wi ll now show
another design for the can.
5 This bri ngs me to my next point. •·
6 Karl will now talk about our promotions.
7 This is how I' d like to organise my talk.
8 Thanks for listening to my talk.
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS .

STUDY SKILLS
CRITICAL THI NKING
1a Ill Listen to an expe rt ta lking
ab out crit ical thinkin g. Make notes unde r
th ese headin gs.
• What is critical thinking?
• What do critica l think ers do?
• Why is cri tical thinking important for
academic studies?
• Why is it an important skill for everyone?
n many countries, there are already laws which do not
1b W o rk w ith a part ner and sum marise·
w hat yo u've heard.

2 Wo rk w ith yo ur partne r and decid e

I all ow advertising for tobacco products . Some peop le
now wa nt to go furthe r and ban advertisements fo r
other unhealthy products such as alcoho l and junk
under w hich heading the fo llow ing foo d.This is undoubtedly the right way forward for
state men ts belong. governmen t s.There are strong arguments for banningTV
CRITICAL THINKERS DO ... advert ising of these products. The benefits of doing this
CRITICAL THINKERS DON'T ... greatl y outweigh the disadvantages.
2
1 identify a writer's purpose and opinion. It is clearly des irab le to limit TV advertisements of
2 question every statement or fact in a text. fas t food . It is w idely know n that the rate of obes ity
3 question beliefs, opinions and ideas has increased significant ly in west ern count ries. For
w hich are in a text. example, obesity is second only to smoking as a cause
4 4 think that Wikiped ia is the most of deat h in th e United Stat es. In that country, the food
• reliable o nlin e source of information. industry spends over $33 billi on per year to adve rtise
5 distinguish between facts and opinions. food products that are considered to be j unk food .
6 look for evidence which support s Dri nking alcohol is also very unhealthy. It results in a
arguments or opi nion s. w ide range of diseas es. If childr en see fewe r adverts on
7 always keep the same opinion when TV of peop le doing these activi ties, the y are much less
readi ng a texl!!--
like ly to try to imitate their behaviour.
8 always read a text to find opinions that
3
are the same as their own. Opponents of ba nni ng adve rti sing argue that people
9 look for the main argument and key know what they must do to be healthy. In a free
ideas in a text. socie ty, peop le must be able to choose whet her to
10 pay careful attention to the style and buy a produ ct. They say that if a prod uct is legal,
tone of a text. businesses should be able to sell and advertise it.
11 believe that their own beliefs and However, it is the go vernmen t wh ich has to deal w ith
values are always right. the consequences of people buy ing unhea lthy product s.
12 accept a writer's ideas just because he The cost of healt hcare for t hose who have un healthy
or she is we ll known. habi t s, such as smoking, drinking alcoho l and eating
junk food is enormous . Therefore , it is clearly the duty
3 You are going to cri ticall y read an of a government to prevent the behaviour by bann ing
essay. Befo re doing so, decide w hat
te levision commercials of such products.
yo u th ink abo ut t he topic. Discuss th is
4
questi on in small groups. Anoth er reason why peop le are against bann ing
TV advertisements for unhealthy produ cts is t hat
Should TV advert isements for unh ealth y
manufac tu ring the products creates j obs and brings
produ cts be banned?
in large amounts of tax for governments. Howe ve r,
4 Q uick ly read the essay. O n first surely this is a fa lse argument. The money invested
impress ion, do yo u generally agree or in mak ing t hese unhealthy products cou ld be used
disagree w it h the w rite r? for mor e worthwhile bu sinesses such as those which
i mprove ou r environment. Furthermor e, it is not
ri ght for gov ernment s to make money from act ivities
wh ich harm its citi zens.
5 To conclude, it is the responsibility of governm ents
to prevent people from damaging their health. Laws
to ban TV adve rtis ements of unh ealthy products are
benefic ial to soc iety. They help t o save lives and
improve th e health of a nation.

54
 -
-
STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS -

Sa Yo u are now goin g to practise 't hi nki ng criti call y' abo ut a text. 8 Look at t he essay again' and find an
Read th e essay again and answe r th e qu estio ns belo_w. expression to ad d to th e groups below.
Loo kin g at t he t ext: Gi vi ng an opin ion
1 Identify and underlin e the main opinion of the wr iter. In my op inion .. .
2 W hat facts (things that cannot be debated) does the w riter use to Personall y I thin k .. .
support hi s opinion? I feel strongly that .. .
3 W hat statements, if any, in paragraph 2 do you questi on ? _ _ __ (para 1)
4 Identify and underl ine op inions of peopl e w ho do not agree w ith Givi ng facts
the wr iter. W hy does the w riter mention these? There is/are defi nitely .. .
5 W hat is the style and tone of th is article ? Is it persuasive, objective, It is we l I know n that .. .
biased or c ritical? It is true that .. .
6 Find wo rds or phrases in the text that the w riter uses to persuade _ (para 2)
yo u to accept his point of view, e.g. undoubtedl y (para 1, line 5).
Gi ving reasons and results
Thinkin g abo ut the topi c: This is because ...
7 Do you agree w ith the w riter or w ith people w ho are against As a result, ...
bannin g unhealthy products? (para 3)
8 W hat other products (if any) do you th in k should not be show n in
Addin g a surprising fact I
TV adverts?
an oppo sing argument
Sb W ork in small groups to co mpare and discuss yo ur answ ers to Neve rtheless ...
Exercise Sa. On the oth er hand .. .
___ (para 3 & 4)

WRITING SKILLS Using persuasive language

AN OPINION -LED ESSAY clearly . ..
undoubtedl y .. .
6 Comp lete th e description below w it h th e words in t he box. _ __ __ (para 4)

weaknesses disadvantages correct opinion persuasive Addi ng info rmati on

W hat's more ...
In add ition .. .
There are two comm Q)l kinds of discursive essay. The fi rst kind of Mor eover .. .
essay does not generall y in cl ude a stro ng 1_ _ _ • It presents the ____ _ (para 4)
advantages and 2_ _of an action or contains different ideas Concl uding
and facts about a topi c. In conclu sio n, .. .
is call ed a 'for and against' essay. The second type of essay is It is c lear that . . .
an ' opin ion- led' essay. The w riter expresses his or her opi nion __ _ _ (para 5)
stro ngly on a controversial topic. He or she argues strongly that
their op inio n is 3_ _, and the style and tone of the text is
9a Plannin g your essay Choose one
4 of the t opics fo r an op ini on-led essay.
__ • In an opi nion- led essay, the w riter may intro duce
D ecid e w hat your opini on is. Note
oppo sing opini ons, but this is usually to show their 5_ _ _ •
yo ur reasons for your opini on and any
evidence to support yo ur point of view.
Thin k of argum ent s against yo ur o pinion .
7 Read the statements abou t o pini on-l ed essays. tw o • To w hat extent do yo u thi nk peop le are
state ments are NOT generall y consid ere d good practice? infl uenced by TV advertisements?
1 In your first paragraph, yo u may rephrase the essay question. • There are too many unacceptable
2 It is a good idea to copy several phrases from the essay question. method s in advertising today.
3 After the fi rst paragraph, you use some paragraphs to give reasons • Businesses should not be allow ed to
for your opi nio ns. advertise on social netw orks.
4 It is not necessary to give evidence for yo ur statements, for
example by qv oting peop le or referring to surveys. 9b Use the following structure to plan yo ur
5 You present arguments, showing that you disagree wi th something essay. Write a maxim um of 300 words .
or questio n w hether it is right. • Introdu ction (Introdu ce the subject and
6 In your last paragraph, you restate your op in ion, so it links w ith the your opin ion.)
opening paragraph. • Main body of the essay - reasons and
evidence (Most important ideas co me
first. M entio n opposing opin ions, but
attack them!)
• Concl usion (Summ arise and restat
your opi nion .)

55
II I
! ! n
Education
6.1 EDUCATION ISSUES

•
Education's purpose is to replace an empty mind with an open one . Malco lm Forb0s, 1919- 1990, US magazine publishe

VOCABULARY AND LISTENING 2 Look at th e phr ases below. Which two nouns in
EDUCATION AR D STUDYING each group are correct? Cross out the in cor rect nou;
and write the co rrect collocation for this noun. You
1 W ork with a partner to discuss these questions
may need to chan ge the verb o r the preposition .
abou t educati o n in yo ur country. Check th at yo u know
all th e words in italics. 1 go to school / a pl ace at un iversity I co llege
ge t a place at university
1 What age do childr en usuall y start primary (or
eleme ntary) school ? 2 revise for an exam I a subject I a test
2 W hat age do chil dren usually start and leave 3 graduate from university I primary school I high scP.
secondary school? 4 get a degree I a good grade I an exam
3 W hat age does compulsory education start? At what age 5 take / retake homework I an exam I a course
does it finish? Do you think these are the correct ages? 6 pass/fa il an exam I a course I a good result
4 Is there both state (pub I ic) education and private 7 hand in an essay I a seminar I an assignment
education? Whic h is better? Why? . 8 do progress I coursework I your best
5 Do most people go on to higher educa tion? Why?/ 9 make mistakes I progress I homework
W hy not? Do they have to pay? 10 study an exam I a subj ect I a language
6 Are exams or continuous assessment more common ?
Whic h is the better way of monit oring progress? W hy?
3a Ill Inferring attitude Listen to three peopl e
talkin g about th eir educati o n experi ences. Is each
7 Do many students start and then drop out of courses in
person positive , negative or neutr al?
your country?
3b Listen again and ti ck ( v") the collo cations in
Exercise 2 yo u hear.

3c In small gro ups, ask and answer questions using

the co llocation s above.
How do/did you re vise for exam s?

56
 READING 5 Which of the opinions in the discu ssion do yo u
agree with? Which do you disagree with? Wh y?
4a Read the comments from an online discussion.
Which comments are for mixed-sex schools , which are
against, and which are neither for nor against? SPEAKING ANf) WRITING
4b Read the comments again and find nouns which
6 Work in groups to discuss the following.
mean the following. 1 Schoo ls should spend more time teaching the skills
people need to get a job.
1 sets of numbers w hi ch represent a fact (comment 2)
2 Educat ion is basically a social experience . The
2 th e subjec ts at a school, co llege, etc. (comment 4)
atmosp here is the most important thing.
3 staying away from school w ithout permission
3 There should be no private edu cation . All childr en
(comment 4)
should attend state schoo ls/universities.
4 upsetting and frightening someone sm aller and
4 The purpose of secondary educat ion is to prepare
weake r, especia ll y in a schoo l situation (comment 5)
you for life.
4c M atch the people in the discussion to the following. 5 Examination results are the most impor tant aspect of
educat ion.
Which person believes:
6 Academic achievement depends mainly on your teacher.
1 that mixed schoo ls are less competi ti ve? 7 Teachers should be paid acco rd ing to the exam
2 that there is proof that single-sex schools are more results of the ir students.
successfu I? 8 Sport is the most important subjec t at schoo l.
3 that school shou ld be the same as real li fe?
4 that the prob lem isn't wheth er a school is single sex 7 Write a comment giving your opinion on one of the
or mi xed ? stat ements in Exercise 6 for the Newsline website.
5 that single-sex education caters for girls and boys better?

. -

.
MyTablet l!i]I

Newsline: the online news service SIGN IN I REGISTER

...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................·v······· ·················
are better than mixed schools
Comment 1 Comment 5
POSTED BY JANE, AMSTERDAM ..... •... .........................
···.·.·.·········································································· ·...·
I think mixed-sex schoolsare the only way Mixed schoo ls are better, there's
for children to learn, because it's natural. no question . There is too much
In higher education and their working competitio n at single-sex schools,
life, they will be mixed so it makes sense w hich often means that students don't
for them to be mixed at school. School make enough progr ess. I also think
should reflectthe real world. th ere is more bullying at single-sex
schools, w here childr en are picked on
Comment 2 because of th e increased com petitio n.
POSTED BY HANS, GERMANY
····.............................................................................. Single-sex schools lead to a 'dog eat
My reacti on to this is very clear. For dog' situati on.
me, single-sex schools are much (
better, and th e statistics show
that they get bett er exam results,
particu larly at secondary level.
Comment 4
Anything whic h helps childr en pass
POSTED
···................. BY MARHN,
................. LONDON
..........................................
.. .
exams must be a good thin g.
My view on this is that it doesn't
Comment 3
really matter. What is imp orta nt is
POSTED BYBILL, USA
····............................................................................
.. th e curr iculum and keeping students
Boys and girls learn in very different int erested. I was a t eacher, and we
ways. I feel that they should be had a lot of truancy to deal wit h and
educated separat ely so teachers can problems with stud ents missing lessons
focus on their different needs. The way because they found th em boring.
I see it is th at if you have a zq_o, you Never have a tim etabl e with Maths as
don't put the lions in w ith the zebras! the first class on Monday morning! Comments 1-5 of 5

57
 LISTENING AND WRITING READING
1a Ill
Listen t o a univ ersity student talking about a 4a Read the article and say what the following dat e-
teacher. Do es he say th e teacher w as good or bad? refer to .
a 1870
1b Look at the adjectives in the box. Th en li sten again
and tick (Y"') the ones he uses to describe the teacher.
b 1952
c 1896
frie ndl y inform al easy-going stri ct pun ctual d 191 2
late form al we ll -p repared · in teresting e 193 6

4b Evaluating a summary Read th e article again anc

2 Find the words below in Audio script 6.2 on page 169 cor rect the fo ur mistakes in th is summary.
and underline the phras e they appear in._Try to work Maria Montesso ri pio neered a new teachin g method a·
out th e me aning fro m the context. Use you r dictionary she graduated as a nurse in 1896, and taught deprivec
to find the meanin gs of any you do not kn ow . childr en. She tried to use everyday obje cts in th e clas.
and she wa nted the chi ldr en to develop socia l skills
criti cise uniqu e approach pace meth od
with each other and learn to be competitive . She taugr
environment
childr en to experi ment and to depend on the teacher,
that the main role of a teacher is to lead ch ildren .
3 Tell your partner about yo ur favourite / worst teacher her book and her teacher trai ni ng centres, she helped
at school. Write a short profi l e (80-100 words ) of him spread the method , and today there are ma ny M ontes.
or her. Use Aud io script 6.2 on page 169 t o help yo u . schoo ls in Europe and North A merica.

• article discussion edit this page

. . --
history

Maria Montessori Childr en are unique individ uals who

must be free to learn without being
cr iticised or restricted. It is the child
that contro ls t he pace , topic and
lessons , not the rest of the class
or the teacher. As a result , children
enjoy learning , and this gives them
confidence and makes them happy.
The Montessori Method also teaches
childre n skills to help them become
independent. Very young child ren
learn to dress themselves , to cook
and to put their toy s and clot hes
away. Children are enco uraged t o
repeat act ivities as often as they wish,
Maria Montessori (1870-1952) is a and they develop thei r obser vation
skills by doi ng different act ivities . The furniture is light so they can arrang!
famous Italian educationalist whose
A Montessori teacher observes it as they wish, and the cabinets are
method of teaching has influenced
children clos ely in orde r to prov ide low, so the children can reach them.
people all over the world.
them wit h individua l learning Because the environment offers a ranq.:
Born in the province of Ancona, Italy,
program mes. The teacher is a gu ide , of activities, children like to work togett>=
in 1870 , Montessori became the first and they develop a social life based or
female doctor in her country after she not a leader of t he classroom, helping
to open student s' eyes to the wonde rs cooperation rather than competition.
graduated from medical school in 1896.
around them. Maria Montessori travelled all ove r
Later, working with deprived children,
Maria Montessori wanted t o free the world, training teachers to use her
she set up a ' Children's House' (Casa
childre n's minds so that they would method, but it was only in her final yea-:
dei Bambini) in Rome. This was
learn by self-teach ing and self- when she established the teacher-
the place where she developed the
cor recti on. It is an approach to training centres that would take her WO."'
Montessori Method, an educational
teaching which encourag es children forward. There are now many schools
system that encourages an informal
to learn by doing and exper imenting. in Europe and North America which use
style of teaching. Children learn from
the Montessori curriculum and
handling everyday materials, and A typical room in a Montessori school
they develop at their own pace. The has many th ings childr en can use, for She wrote The Montessori Method in 19' :
Montessori philosophy is simple. example, books, obj ects and games. and The Secret of Childhood in 1936.

58
 MONTESSORI

4c Answer these questions about the article. GRAMMAR TIP ·

1 What is the main role of the children in the
We can leave out the relative pronoun (e.g. that ) if
Montessori approach?
the verb in the relative clause has a subject (in this
2 Why did Montessori want to open the minds of her
case children ).
students?
A typical room in a Montessori school has man y
3 How have the furniture and cabinets been designed
things that children can use.
in a Montessori classroom and why?
A typical room in a Monte ssori school has many
4 What point does the _writer make about the
things children can use.
chi ld ren's social life?

5 Work in pairs to discuss the following.

8 Underline the subject and object in the following
1 How does the Montessori approach compare with sentences. Then cross out t he relative pronoun where
the w ay you were educated? possible.
2 'Children are unique individual s who must be free to
1 Students who enter univer sity may face a number
learn w ithout being crit icised or restricted.' Do you
of problems.
agree? Wh y ?/\Nhy not?
2 Is your degree worth the paper that it is written on?
3 There are university tutors who you can phone if
GRAMMAR you have a problem.
DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES 4 The universit y wh ich I go to is very good.
5 People who have degrees have a better chance
6a Look at the following sentence from the text. The at interviews.
words in bold are a defining relative clause.
It is an approach to teaching which encourages children ... 9 Complete the following sentences.

I Now find and underline the relative clauses in the text

that contain the following relative pronouns and adverbs.
1
2
The person w ho influenced me most at school was ...
A day w hen my life c hanged was ...
3 The subj ect at school w hich I hated the most was ...
w ho that w hich w hose w here wh en 4 I di slik e peop le who ...
5 I lik e days w hen ...
6 I like teachers w ho .. .
6b Which relative pronouns or adverbs do we use to 7 I lik e fi lms w hich .. .
talk about the thin gs below? 8 I lik e lessons in w hi ch ...
peopl e thin gs or ideas pla ces tim e
peop le + possessions/ideas SPEAKING
10 Timed discussion In small groups, take it in turns
._. Language reference and extra practice pages 136-137 to choose a topic from below and lead the discussion
on that topic for three minutes.
7 Match the sentence halves and join them using who, • Childr en should be allowed to choo se what they are
that, which, whose , where or when. goin g to do in schoo l.
1 A professor in a Briti sh uni versity is som eone • Childr en need to learn facts, not pl ay games.
2 A uni versity is an institution • Private edu catio n should be aboli shed.
3 A th esis is a long piece of w ritin g
• All people have roughl y the same level of intellig ence.
4 A seminar is a cla ss at un iversity/coll ege
5 An academi c is someone • The learner's j ob is to absorb the know ledge teachers
6 A vacation is a peri od of the year give them.
a universitie s or colleges are officiall y closed. • Corporal pun ishment is alw ays w rong.
b has the highest rank of the teachers in a department.
c you do as part of a uni versity degree.
d students stud y for degrees and academi c research
is don e.
e teaches and does research in a colle ge or univ ersity. Gueterbock, a Montessori teacher, about
f the teacher and students di scuss a parti c ular topi c. the Montessori method of education.
Turn to page 152 for video activiti es.
'-L- -U... -

59
 UNIVE:RSITY Bl: f-R[:E?

READING
1 Work with a partner to discuss th e
following.
1 Is universi ty free in your cou ntry? HOM E J NEW S J OPINION J SPORT J TRAVEL J FEATURES J BLOGS
2 Do you know any co untri es in which
universi ty is free for everyone? Free University Education a qualified doctor helps to tree:
3 Do you know any cou ntri es w here By Jessi ca Bro ok other peop le. People with deg:.
students haveio take out big loans to can become teachers and sha"'!
pay for their educat ion? 1
A few weeks ago, David Keller, their knowledge with others. \',
who is rich enough to pay for all the number of people who ge:
2a Read th e article qui ckly and find his children to go to private school, a university educat ion rises, ID:
three reasons why the writer think s that wrote a column in News Focus number of people who beneffi ""-
university shou ld be free for everyone. supporting a further increase their education also rises. Sure
in univers ity fees. His attitude, it is right that society, wh ich noo-
2b Read th e articl e again and match which was very unsympat hetic to highly qualified people, shoulc :::
the summ ary sentences below to th e students, made me angry. It has for those students ' educatio n.
paragraphs 1-5 . motivated me to explain why I feel 4
Third , the economic argume r-:
strongly that university should be Higher education produces a
a Some poor peop le w ill not go to
free for everyone. educated and qu alified workfo-:-
university if costs are high.
2
There are a number of reasons for Countries with high rates of
b Universit y should be free because it is
my opinion. First, greater equality. university education have hig" ::.
good for society as a whole.
Free university education enables levels of innovation and grov::-
c David Keller is in favour of a rise in They attrac t foreign investo rs a'
every one to have the opportunity
university fees. create new businesses wh ich
to study. If there are tuition fees,
d University should be free because of students have to take out big to more jobs for thei r citizens.
economic reasons. loans to finance their stud ies. Because people who go to
• e Un iversity should be free because it They will take years to pay back university will earn more, the;
promotes greater equality . the money. When they gradua te, pay more tax. As a resu lt, the:
instead of working for their future, will be more money for essen: -
3 Challenging opinions Work in pairs. they will be working to pay back social services such as healtr
Find the four opinions in the article that their past. Young people from education and welfare.
you find th e mos ·nteresting. Then think of poor backgrounds are less able to 5 People like David Keller do ne>:
four counter-arguments to those opinions . get into debt, but students whose live in the real world. They do
parents are rich can pay off their not understand one simple
4 In small groups , discuss th e following. loans more eas ily. Tuition fees, Many poorer young peop le , v. -:
1 Is it w ort h going to uni versity if fees therefo re , are very unfair. Free don 't have rich parents to rel; -r
are high? university education will be a step will be put off by the high cost:-
towards a more equal society. studying at university even if lcz
2 Wh at percentage of the popu lation
should go to un iversity ? 3 Second, the benefits for society. are available. Their talent will o=
Young people who graduate lost to our co untry. Free un ive:s.
3 Do you think university should be free
benefit society as a whole. They education is a right, not a
for everyone?
use their knowledge and skills to privilege. It wou ld bring
help other people. For example, benefits to our society.

30APRIL DELIVER ED EVERY FRIDAYTOYO CR

60
 SHOULD UNIVERSITY BE FREE?

GRAMMAR 7 Join the following pairs of senten ces to make one

NON -D EFIN ING RELATIV E CLAUSES sentence containing a non-defin ing rel ative clause.

I Sa Look at these examples from the article of a

non-defining relative clause and a defining relative clause.
Use whose, which , who and whe re. Use comm as
appropriately.
1 American uni versities are now facin g a lot of
His attitude, which was very unsympath e tic to compet ition. They have attracted the w orld 's best
students , made me angry.
students for ove r 50 years.
People who go to university will earn more . Am erican universities, which ha ve attracted the
Which relative clause: · wo rld's best students for o ver 50 years, are now
a gives extra info rmatio n about the, person, thing or fa cing a lot o f comp etition.
idea in the main cl ause?
2 Last month I went bac k to the Sorbo nne. I had
b gives essenti al infor mation that completes the
stud ied history there.
meaning of the sentence?
3 There are over 39,000 students at the University of
5b Look at the highlighted examples of non-d efining Manchester. It's the biggest university in the UK .
relative clauses in the article and choose the correct 4 Aristotl e w rote boo ks on many subjects. He stud ied
answers in the rule s for thi s type of relative clause. under Plato.
5 Hil ary stud ied po liti cs at Harvard. She has ju st been
Non -defining relative clauses:
offered a professorshi p there.
1 have I do not have comm as before them, and after
them if necessary. 8 Write sentence s that are tru e for you using these
2 do I do not use that. prompt s. Includ e extra information using non-defining
relative clauses.
GRAMMARTIP
My home town
Non-definin g relative clauses can come in the middle Manchester, which has the largest university population
or at the end of the sentence: in the UK, is in the north west o f the country.
Barbara, who spent three years at university in M y home tow n M y university
Cam bridge, is going back to live there. M y schoo l M y mothe r
Barbara is going back to live in Cambridge, where she
spent three years at university.
LISTENING AND SPEAKING
._. Language reference and extra practice pages 136- 137 9 Ill Listen to four p eo ple talkin g abo ut univ ersity.
Whi ch speaker(s):
6 Read th e sentences and put commas wh ere necessary. 1 thin ks go ing to university w as a waste of time?
1 Oxford Uni versity 'A w hich was number fo ur in 2 thin ks their degree is a bi g advantage?
w orld uni versity rankings last year 'Ahas fall en to 3 did not w ork hard?
number eight. 4 doesn't th ink or is unsure that their degree helped
2 John F Kennedy went to Harvard University w hich is the them get a job ?
oldest institution of higher education in the United States.
3 Jean-Jacqu es Rousseau w ho was born in 1712 set 1 Oa W o rk in groups o f fou r. You are go in g to read
o ut his views on educatio n in his book Emile . som e info rm ation about the educat io nal system of a
4 The Kuman method for teaching Maths was developed countr y. M ake notes.
by Toru Kuman w ho graduated from Osaka University. Student A: Turn to page 156. Stud ent C: Turn to page 160.
5 O xford's Bodleian libr ary wh ich is one of the oldest Stud ent B: Turn to page 159. Stud ent D: Turn to page 162.
libraries in Europe w as originally fou nded in 1320.
6 Heidelberg University w hich was fo unded in 1386 1Ob Tell yo ur group about th e educatio nal system you
has its ow n student prison. have read about. Compare th e diffe rent systems with the
system in your country. Whi ch syste m is mo st lik e yours?
Wh ich would you most like to study/have studi ed in?

61
 6.4 SCENARIO
TROUBLE AT LAKESIDE

.I
I SITUATION 2 A student representative sends an email to Mari e
Laforet mentioning a number of problems that the
1 Read the situation below and the extr act from the
managers need to deal with. Read the extract about
Lakeside College prospectus. Work with a partner to
two of the problems. Then work with a partner to
discuss the following.
discuss this question.
1 If yo u were planning to go to uni versity, w hich
Which do you think is the more serious problem? WI-
of Lakeside College's faciMties wou ld particularl y
interest you?
2 What sort of thin gs do students at university often
complain about? To [email protected]

Lakeside College is located in Switzerland. It is a In the university prospect us, it states that the unive rsity
private university w ith a board of managers led has 'a well-stocked library ' and 'a peaceful atmospher e
by the Principal, Marie Laforet. There are four for studying'. Neither of these statements is true.
student representatives on the board and four staff A lot of us are unhapp y about the library. There are not
representatives. During the last three years, serious enough books in many subjects, and essentia l books
problems have arisen. The number of students at and journa ls are often not on the shelf where they are
Lakeside College has fallen from over 5,000 to 2,600, meant to be. Furthermore , the internet connection is
while comp laints from students have greatly increased. very slow and this puts students off doing research in
the library. There are also not enough sockets avai lable
for the students to recharge their devices. The reading
rooms also are not up to standard. The tables are too
small, and there are not enough lights in some areas.
I LAKESIDE Co ll ege
There is another serious problem I'd like to draw
your attent ion to. It's about noise in the evening. It
Our co llege has an informal, . seems that some students have a party every wee k
friendly at mos p her e, and. enjoys in their rooms . The noise they make is preventin g
excellen t facilit ies, including : other stude nts from studyin g properly, and I get the
• a s pa cio us campus impress ion the noise level is increasi ng week by week .
a pea ceful atmosphe re for studying It's not true, therefo re, to say that there is a 'peaceful
• well-equ ipped lecture room s atmosp here for studying ' in our college .
• a hall of residen ce
• a well-sto cked library
• state -of-the-art compute r
la boratorie s
excellent sports facilities .
We have an outst a nding teachin g
staff a nd tu to rial system . Stud ents
meet lect urers each week and have
lively d iscus sion s about th e subject
th ey are studyin g.
 TROUBLE AT LAKESIDE •
KEY LANGUAGE TASK
DISCUSSING OPT IONS PROBLEM-SO LV ING
3a Ill Listen to a meeting between two student 4a Work in small group s. You are memb ers of the
representatives and Marie Laforet. Compl et e M arie's Management Committ ee. Read t he problems below

,
notes abo ut th e problem of nois y parties in th e hall s of and choose four to discuss.
y? residence. Use one or two words in each gap.
4b As a group, discuss eac h problem you have chosen
and try to come up with a solution.

Problem 2: 1_ _ parl-ies, makealol- 4c Present your solutions t o the rest of the class.
of noise, rea/ly 2__ people 5 As a class, decide on the best solution for each problem.
S olulions?
(Marie} - ban parlies in rooms or only
3
_ _ _ parlies afl-erexams Problems
{Pablo} - /el- each floor of lhe hall have
one parly 4__ _ 1 Library (see Exe rcise 2)

(May Cheng} - sludenls can book a 2 Noisy parties (see Exercise 3a)
room i11 I-he 5_ _ _ 3 Boring lecturers Lecturers read their
lectures. They do not use visual aids or
6
_ _ 's solulio11is bes/-. Discuss al- provide good reading lists. Tutorials are
nexl- 7_ _ meel-ing. not useful. Lect urers talk most of the time
and do not enco urage students to
participate and ask q uestions.
4 Attendance at classes and lectures is poor.
3b Liste n again. Numb er the expressions in the order
Student s m iss early morn ing lectures.
you hear them. -.
Man y students fai l their degree beca use of

J a

b
... the goo d thing is that it' s fair to everyo ne, but the
bad thin g is, it wou ldn ' t be very popu lar.
Yes, good idea. That's the best solut io n.
poor attendance.
5 Facilities Th e swimming pool, tenn is
c There are several ways to deal wi th thi s. co urt s and gym are not well maintained.
d The best way is to di scuss the matters at our The swim min g poo l is often unsupervised.
M anagement Com mitt ee meeting. New, more modern gym equipm ent is
e Why don 't you send me notes on all the problems ... ? needed urgen tly.
f Let 's look at our opt ions.
6 Bullying A new stud ent , Camilla, has
g Suppo sing we let eac h floor of the hall have one
complained that a sen ior member of
party per semester.
staff is bullying her. He makes fun of
h H ow abo ut letting the students book a room in the
main bu il din g .. . ? her in tuto rials and is not inte rested in
her opinions. She is unhappy and wan ts
to leave the co llege. In the pas t, other
stu dent s have comp laine d of the lect urer's
attitude and behaviour .
7 Cheating and plagiarism This has increased
in recent years . Stude nts pass informa tion to
each other in exa minations and buy essays
on the intern et. Lecturers say that some
student s copy material directly from the
inte rnet w ithout giving references.
. I
I

Shckcma Silveri is the chair of the English We use Skype for our writers' conferences
Department at Mt . Zion High School in and Global Speakers Series, which brings
Jonesboro, L'SA. guest sp eakers from around the world into
People who arc against distanc e learning give our classroo m space. Even our literature study
several reasons for oppos ing it: lack of face-to-face group s are don e online now by using Collaboriz-
contact between student and teacher; problems Classroo m and Goog le D ocs for gro up projec··
with technology resources (i.e. equipm ent and Our course blog, 'In Session: Sentiments from
broadband internet ) for low-income and rural Silveri's Class', is an imp ortan t space for writir:;
stu dents; insufficient teache r training. and research, and it allows me to intr oduce Yid
In my experie nce, however, the se prob lem s can pre senta tions and other docu ments.
be solved by better teacher preparation and by My studen ts can complet e mos t of their
gaining the essential techno logy skills before coursework outside of class. The classroom tiJr._
star ting the actua l coursework. I have found is reserved for further writin g, discussion and
distance learning to be very valuab le to the classes debat e. Our blog also has a ClustrMap. Thi s
that I teach . In fact, I'm proud to say that my shows u s that stude nts from all over the world :?::--
classroom is almost completel y pa12erless. visiting our cour se blog and using our classroo:::-
from the comfor t of their own home s.
My stud ents use lectures from the OER Commons
(a free internet resource) to support our curr iculum . Now, imagine if distance learn ing is u sed in
For examp le, by using Dr Paul Fry's introduction every classroom. The knowledge and growth
to theor y of literatur e course, we can bring pot ential are vast.
the knowledge ofYale University to our study
programme. Best of all, it's absolutely free.

STUDY SKILLS 2 Predicting Before you read a text , it is helpful to :....

READING STRATEGIES your knowled ge to anticip ate what the text is abol.l.... -
is called predictin g. It will improve your reading ab:·
1 There are two common techniqu es you can use when because you can check your predictions durin g you·
gettin g inform ation from a text: skimmin g and scanning. readin g. Work with a partn er to discuss the
Read th e definitions , th en answer th e questions.
1 Wha t do you know about distanc e learning?
Skimming 2 Are yo u for or against thi s method of learnin g?
You use skimmin g to get a general idea of a text. For 3 What do you want to learn about the topic from
exampl e, you look through a text quick ly to find out
w hat the top ic is and its main idea. 3a Skimming Skim th e text and answer the ques"
Scanning 1 W hat is the main id ea of the text?
You use scanning to find key words or specific poin ts 2 Do yo u thin k that the text is interesting?
in a text. In most cases, you know w hat you are loo ki ng
fo r, so yo u' re focusing on find ing a partic ular answer. 3b Scanning Now scan th e text and find the foli o
1 the two ways the w riter uses to solve the proble-
Which technique wou ld you use to find:
ment ioned in paragraph 1
1 the general opinion of a hotel from several on line
2 w here her students obtain lectures for additional re;;:_
guest reviews?
3 how she uses the real classroom space
2 a wri ter's op ini on in a report on the future of
distance learning? 3c Inferring Wh en you read a text, yo u can for m ;i-
3 a versio n of a popul ar song on YouTube by a singer opinion about th e w riter's meanin g or attitud e.
you like? examp le, you infer wh y th e writer wrot e th e text :-
wrlt er1s purpo se) or you may wish to Infer th e writ e-
wort h reading? att itude to what he or she is writin g about . In smal:
5 the score of yo ur favou rite team in a li st of gro ups, discuss th e fo ll owing.
foo tball results?
1 W hat do you thi nk is the writer's purpo se?
6 the cheapest price of a book from a range of pri ces
2 W hat is the writer's opin ion abou t distance lean'
in an on li ne book store?
3 W hat can you infer from the highli ghted sentenr-

64
 -
STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS B

4 Work wit h a part ner to discuss th e fo llo w ing. Sb Read th e letter again and choose correct
1 What is yo ur opin ion of the methods the wri ter uses answer to each question.
to teach her students? 1 What is the title of the di scussion?
2 Which do yo u prefer: trad itional classroom learning a D igital Resources
or the distance learning approach of the w riter? b D igital Faci lities
3 Do you r think distance learning wi ll become more c Dig ital Learning Resources
common than cl assroom learning in the future? 2 How did Hel en Bloomfield hear about Mr Kim?
Explain your answer.· a She saw his name in a journ al.
4 Discu ss the advantages and di sadvantages of b Som eone recommended him.
distance learning. c A student knew him we ll.
3 W hat does Mr Kim do w hen he trave ls abroad?
WRITING SKILLS a gives talks on the internet
A FORMAL I nTER b makes presentations to schoo ls
Sa Quickly read the letter from the Head of a Stude nts' c advises colleges and universities
Union in a university. Then answer th e questions. 4 How many people wi ll be on the panel if Mr Kim
1 W hat is the letter about? accepts the invi tation?
2 W here wi ll the event take place? a 3
b 4
c 5
5 W hat wi ll Mr Kim do after the panel discussion?
a answer questions
Mr Richard Kim Head, Students' Union
b go to the airport
CEO, EducationUnlimited University of Helensbrough
Kungsbruhn 85
c have dinner
Scotland
UppgangG8
11122 Stockholm
6 Letter conven t io ns Are t hese statements tru e or
3200 Sweden
false? Correct the false statements.
Telephone: +44 (O) 206 548 1 A formal letter should always have a date.
Email: [email protected] 2 You put the address of the person yo u are w ritin g to
21st August dir ectly under your address.
Dear Mr Kim, 3 You should begin a formal letter w ith Dear + fir st
name + surname.
As head of the Students' Union at Helensbrough University, 4 If you begin yo ur letter wi th Dear+ name, yo u can
his I would like to invite you to take part in a panel discussion on finis h the letter w ith Yours sincerel y or Kind regards.
'Digital Learning Resources' which will be held in the Students' 5 You should end a forma l letter by signing it and
Union building on 12 Septem,ber from 2 p.m.- 4 p.m. typing yo ur name and position under you r signature.
We would appreciate it greatly if you could join the panel 6 In formal letters, yo u shou ld use idiom atic phrases
as a guest speaker. A visiting lecture r at our uni versity, and short for ms such as I'm, we're, isn't, aren 't.
Steffan Nielson, gave us your name. He suggested you
.ext? would be an id eal person to have on our panel. You are an 7a Make a list of things th at Richard Kim might w ant
expert on th e topic of digital learnin g, and we know that to ask Helen Bloomfie ld. Wh at additional inform ation
ins. you are an adviser to colleges and universities all over the might he need, for exampl e, tr avel infor mati o n,
world on how to use digital resources. Your knowl edge accommodation arrangements, etc.?
and insights would be immen sely valuable for the
undergraduates and graduates attending the discussion.
7b As Mr Kim, writ e a reply to Helen Bloo mfi eld .
ring.
There will be three other experts on the pane l in addition 8 Work with a partn er and co mpare yo ur letters. Did
lS
to a student rep resentative. Each of you will make a short you ask th e same questions? Comme nt on each other 's
presentat ion of your ideas (5- 10 minutes), after which lette r organisation, language and style. Consider these
:ling there will be questions from the audience. qu estions.
Following the event , we would like to take you for dinner • Do the paragraphs have a logical order?
to a local restauran t or, if you prefer, we could have dinner • Is the language grammatically correct?
with you at your hote l.
• Is the vocab ulary appropr iate and we ll chosen?
he We hope that you will agree to be a guest speake r and look
er's • Is the style of the letter approp riate for the context and
forward to receiving your reply. If you need any fur ther
person w ho receives the letter?
informa tion, please do not hesitate to contact m e.
Yours sincerely,

ing?
?
Helen Bloomfield: Head of Stud ents' Union
65
iiiJ.
:- II 11
I I
Design
7.1 DESIGN IS EVERYWHERE

Design occupies a unique space between art and science . Terence Conran, 193·1-, British designer

READING
...
1 Think about objects in your home .
Whi ch do you think are parti cula rly well THE WORD ' DESIGN' means diff erent th ings to diffe rent people. One c:
designed? Why? given by designer Richard Seymour is 'maki ng th ings better fo r peop' e

2a Look at thes e e xtracts from Scientists can invent t echnologi es, manufact urers can make products ,
an introducti o n to a d esig n book . In
engineers can make th em work, and salespeople can· sell th em. Howe\·: -
Ii which extract do es the writ e r me ntion
only designers can combine all t hese. Designers tu rn an idea into some'
these things?
that is desirable, commercially successful and adds value to people's I.. ::
a incorrect ideas about des ign
b the esse ntial e leme nt in good design
------------- -- ----
c what desi gn is Good design begins with t he needs of th e user. A good design ful fi ls a
d the restriction s on designe rs user's need. A design doesn't have to be new, diff er ent or impressive: : •
e wh at designers do successful in the market place, but it must fulfil a need. However, it is a.
true that design met hods often lead to innovati ve produc t s and services.
2b Read th e extracts aga in and co rrect
the statements below. Many people have misconceptions about design. Magazines ofte n use:-
1 Designers are the same as sc ie ntists word 'design' when they mean style or fashion. For example, when the;
and e ngineer s. show a toaster or bottl e opener which is well designed, th e resu lt is
2 Maga zines rare ly make mistakes whe n people think t hat design is only about how th ings look . Design is also
talking about des ign. abo ut how t hings work. In reality, the way a pro duct looks is somethin§
3 Design is all about app ea rance . which happens at t he end of a product developme nt process.
4 The sec ret of good design is to be
new and d ifferent.
5 Designe rs, like art ists, have a lot Designers, unli ke artists , can't simply follow the ir creati ve fe elings. The
of freedo m. work in a commercial environment, which means ther e are many points
to consider. Designers have to ask the mselves questions such as: 'Is the
2c React ing to the text Whi ch idea in prod uct really wanted?; 'How is it diffe rent from everything else on t he
th e text is th e most interes ting? Why ? market?; 'Do es it fulfi l a need?; 'Will it cost t oo much to manufacture ?'
and 'Is it safe?'.

66
 DESIGN IS EVERYWHERE

VOCABULARY 6b Find words in Exercise 6a that refer to the followin g.

1
WO RD BUILD ING, DESIGN ADJECTIVES 1 the past (2 words)
3a Work with a partner to comp lete the wo rd families 2 methods of manufacture (2 w ord s)
in the tab le below. Check yo ur answers in th e text. 3 designs which are new and different (2 wo rds)

3b Look at th e suffixes (end ings) of the words in the 6c Find words in Exercise 6a that mean the following.
tab le. What type of word ends in: 1 attractive and fashio nable
1 -ic? 2 modern
2 -er? 3 w ith a smooth shape
3 -ion? 4 attractiye and graceful
4 -ing? 5 not co mpli cated
5 -or? 6 useful

verb adj.ective SPEAKING AND WRITING

7a Jhink abo ut the following ite ms. In small group s,
design
discuss w hat qualities you look for in them . Look back
I .
science scientifi c at t he vocabu lary in Exercise 6a to help yo u.
manu'facturing
pho ne car shoes handbag watch
pro' duce produ cer pro'du ctive
engineer engineerin g
7b Look at the photos below. Say which design of car
use usable and ph one yo u pref er and why .
develop de'veloper developing
innovate 'innovator innovation
inventor in 'vention inventive
art artistic

?RONUNCIA TION
- W ord stress Look at the words in the tabl e and
mark th e stress. Some have been don e as examples to
help you . Listen and check, then repeat the words .

5a Complet e these questions using words from th e

table. Sometimes more than one answer is possible.
1 Can you name an _ __ ? W hat did he/she invent?
2 Are there any factori es in your tow n/city? W hat do
they __ ?
3 What are the three ___ you cou ld not live without?
4 W hat do yo u thin k is the best _ _ of the 21st
century?
:i. Is the __ of a produ ct impo rtant to you?
Why?Mlh y not?
6 Wh at prod ucts do you thin k __ w ill develop in
the next ten years?

5b Work with a part ner and ask and answer the

questio ns abov e.

5c Writ e som e questions of yo ur own to ask other

stud ents using words from t he table in Exercise 3.

6a The fo llowing adjectiv es are often used to describ e

designs. Work with a partn er to check that you
understa nd th em all.

elegant functio nal futu ristic handmade

innovat ive mass-produced retro simpl e 8 Writ e a short paragraph d escrib ing your favour ite
streamli ned stylish traditional up-to-date design , either on this page or of an object yo u own.

67
 DESIGN THROUGH THE AGES

I
I
I

READING AND VOCABULARY 3a Work in gro up s of thr ee. 'Read yo ur te xt quickl y,

MATERIALS, SHhES AND TEXTURES then share your inform ation with your group. Comp a:
the information with yo ur ideas from Exercise 2.
1a Designers need to think about the following Student A: Read the text above.
wh e n desi gning new products: mat erial, shape, Student B: Read the text on page 160.
te xtur e. look at the words in the box and put t hem Student C: Read the text on page 163.
into th e correct catego ry.
3b Read your text again and complete the chart for
steel smooth curved leather rough angular your text. Then in your gro up s, summ arise t he key
aluminium ca nvas wooden po lished square facts about your text so that the others in your grou iJ
plastic soft c ircular paper straw hard can compl ete the chart.

1990s
1b look at the three chairs in the photos. How would
yo u describe each one? Ideas streamlining
1c Which do yo u prefer? Why? (Think about co mfort ,
style, practica lity, etc.) Designers

2 You are going to read about design durin g three Products

different de cades of the 20th century : th e 1930s, the Materi als
1960s and the 1990s. Before you read , discuss the
following in small groups.
1 Look at the photos of the chairs. Which of the th ree 4a justifying opinions Wo rk o n your own.
periods does eac h cha ir come from ? W hich des ign period was for you:
2 Look at the ideas in the box below which influenced • the most exciting?
design at the different times. Discuss in which period • the most useful?
you think they are mentioned and why. • the most interesting?
Make notes on th e reasons for your choi ces.
adva nces in co mmuni cat ion recycling
young consumers short-lived products 4b Work in groups and prese nt and justify your choic5
strea mlining (smoot h in shape)
e rgono mic design (designs adapt ed to hum an needs)

68
 DESIGN THROUGH THE AGES

GRAMMAR
MODALS (NECESSITY AND OBLIGATION )
-
THIS WAS a period of optim ism and
self-belief. At t his time humans t ravelled 7 Underline the modal verb s in thes e sentences. Then
faster than sound and walked on the Moon. use the verbs to complet e th e statements below.
Durin g the period, the power of advertisi ng, 1 W e need to reach as many peop le as possib le.
part icular ly on television, created mass
2 W e can' t use steel.
consumeris m, with a huge increase in the
3 W e should make it in just three co lours.
buying and selling of new types of produc t s.
Manufactu rers began to recognise t he buying 4 It must be cheap if we wa nt to be comp etiti ve.
power of teenagers and start ed t o develop 5 It doesn' t have to be very diff erent.
produ cts aimed at the yout h market. These 6 The rules say it has to be strong enough to support a
new young consumers wanted change and heavy person.
variety. It was a t im e of shor t-lived products 7 We don ' t need to rush.
and the idea of a 'throwaway' society. New 8 We reall y mu stn't mi ss thi s opportunit y.
mater ials, new shapes, and new colours 9 We shoul dn' t launch it until we' re reall y ready.
appeared in all areas of design. 10 I can do some designs before we meet again.
There were many unusual furn iture designs. To talk about:
The Danish designer Vern er Panton
a things that are imp ortant and necessary to do we
prod uced his bri ght red plast ic chair, for
use and
example, and Eero Aarni o created his
extraordinary Ball Chair. b th ings that are not essential (i.e. w here you have a
c hoice) we use and
The ideas of this period, also known as
c rules and regulations we often use ___ and _ __ .
the 'space age', also influenced fashion.
Designers created clothes in strange and d w hen it is necessary and importa nt not to do
futur isti c mat erials. Courreges' ' silver fo il ' somethin g we use ___ and ___ .
suits and Pierre Cardin's si lver and plastic e somethin g that is advisable we use ___ .
dress designs were examples of this. f somethin g that is not adv isable we use ___ .
-..,. Language reference and extra practice, pages 138- 139

8 Choose the corre ct mod al verb.

VOCABULARY 1 Thi s materi al doesn't have to I mustn't be used as it
ABSTRACT NOUNS i. harms peop le' s health.
Sa Find th e noun form s of the verbs below in th e texts. 2 In some coun tries you don't need to I can't show
certain images in you r designs_
1 advertise 4 recycle 3 There's a proble m w ith the design, but it doesn 't
2 consume 5 comm uni cate have to I shouldn't take us muc h time to resolve.
3 industr iali se 6 streamlin e We have to I should finish it today!
Sb Co mpl et e th e questions below with th e nouns 4 W e shouldn't I have to change the shape of the
fro m Exercise Sa. model so that it meets government regulati ons.
5 W e don't need to I must hire that designer. She's the
1 Is there enough ___ of harmful products li ke
best in the business.
batteries?
6 It's not breakin g any regul ati o ns, but I think w e
I 2 Do and c urved shapes make products look
more styli sh?
should I have to c hange the design.
3 Is __ the best way to get people to buy produ cts?
4 Is leading to peop le becomin g more selfi sh? SPEAKING
5 Has _ damaged the Earth so much that it 9 Work in groups. You are going to design a product.
cannot recover? 1 Choose one of these produ cts: a cha ir, a tab le,
6 Does better __ technology lead to better li ves? a kettle, a toot hbrush, a coffee machine.
Sc W ork with a partn er and ask and answ er the 2 Dec ide whic h group of consumers you are aiming
qu esti ons abov e• at, e.g. older peop le, yo ung adu lts, chil dren, etc.
3 Discuss yo ur ideas and sketch a design. Think about
shape, colour, materials, size, appearance, rules and
LISTENING regulations. Try to use moda l verbs.
6 DI Listen to two designer s talkin g about ide as for
a new produ ct and answ er th e qu estions. 0 MEET THE EXPERT -J
1 W hat product do they disc uss? W atc h an intervi ew with Freyja Sew ell,
2 W ho w ill use the produ ct? a furnitur e and produ ct designer, abo ut
3 What material s do they mentio n? her designs.
4 Wh en do they wa nt to launch the produ ct? Turn to page 152 for vi deo activities.

69
 ALESSl'S INNOVATIONS

READING 2b Identify ing main ideas Read,th e article again and

match the headin gs to the paragraphs.
1 Look at the photo s. What are th ey? Would you
like to own any of these Alessi designer products? a The way forwa rd
Why?/ Why not? b The importan ce of design
c How designs are developed
2a Read th e article about Alessi qu ickly and find d Famous designers
the following. e International expansion
1 the name of o ne great artist
2 the names of three members of the Alessi family 2c Find words in th e text whi ch mean the following.
3 the names of three Alessi prod ucts 1 someone or somethin g that is not successful (para l
4 the names of three designers that have worked for Alessi 2 to change (para 2)
3 the use of new ideas or methods (para 2)
4 introducing new methods for the first time (para 3)
5 a great idea about what you should do (para 3)
6 something famous that is admi red by many (para 4

ALESSl'St"nvenf"/on'S
1 3
Italians only keep beautifuland useful things in their homes, When Alberto began workingat Alessi at twenty-four, one of his
an Italian friend once told me. Perhaps that's why most of first projects was '.Alessi d'Apres'.He commissioned SalvadorDa!"
them love Alessi, the famous Italian design company. Alessi and other artiststo design a piece of art to be mass-produced
rates design very highly, even placing and available for the general public. The pioneering projectwas
it above profitability. The president, very difficultso after a while his father, Carlo, stopped producti
Alberto, does not worry about his but not before Dali created an objectfor the company.
failures, accordingto an articlein Fast Apparentlynobodyknows what the product'spurpose was, but
Company. He holds his meetingswith commissioningthese artistsshowsAlberto Alessi's inspiration,
designers in the Alessi private museum, and indicates why Alberto places such importanceon learning
which contains mgterial from all of from every project,even if unsuccessful.As a result,the compan)
Alessi'sproducts including some flops, uses a formula to decide whetherdesignsshould be developed
to remind him about the importanceof which emphasises whetherthey have a practical function,
taking risks. Alberto believes that the whetherthey please
most originaldesign conceptscome the senses,and if they
from the borderline betweenwhat is fit with currenttrends
possible anq what is not and conferstatus on
2 the owner. It is also
The company was founded in 1921 by Giovanni Alessi, importantthat the
Alberto's grandfather. Giovanni's son, Carlo, began Alessi's product can be sold at
tradition of design. It was Alberto, however,who transformed a reasonableprice.
the companyinto a world-widesuccessby employing 4
freelancedesigners, increasingexports,and enhancing its Richard Sapper, Aldo
reputation for beautiful, useful products and innovation. Rossi and Philippe
Alessi's core business is metal workingand Starck are just some
the companycontinues to use metal, of the great designers
e.g. stainless steel, primarily. However, that have worked for Alessi. The company has created man}
Alessi has also introducedthe use of icons, such as Starck's 'Juicy Salif citrus squeezer, the 'Anna
other materials such as plastic,which is G.' corkscrewand the 'Marni' stockpot, which was designed
easier to mould and a cheaper material by Stefano Giovannoni.
to produce.to incorporate the idea of 5
fun into design. Alessi is no longeronly a manufacturerof kitchen and
(\ tablewareproducts. Its range has included watches,
cordlesstelephones,bulbs and lights, glasses and even cars.
Alessi recently paired with Fiat to design the Fiat Panda Aless
which features internet access and has a picture of the Alessi
man on its wheels! This world-wide Italian company can be
expectedto continue its tradition of promoting the very best
design whilst forever reinventing itself.

70
 LISTENING
3a Ill Listen to thr ee pairs of students at a
4c
ALESSl' S INN OVAT IO NS

Look at th e moda l verbs in Exercise 4b. What is

the opposit e of must be when w e are talking about
-
deduction?
· order do t hey talk
""'+ Language refe rence and extra practice pages 138-139
5 Rewrite th e sentences below using must, can't,
could or might.
I 1 I' m sure this design is by Armani.
I This design must be by Armani.
7)
( 2 Alessi is defi nitely one of the most influ ential design
compani es of all time.
3 I' m sure this painting is not by da Vinci .
4 Maybe th is pai nting is by Picasso, but I' m not sure.
5 Not many peopl e are attending the exhibi tion. I' m
sure they aren't promot ing it very w ell.
6 This produ ct looks dangerous to me.
7 People are not sure if it is a Starck design.
8 I' m sure that designer is work ing very hard. I've seen
a lot of her designs.

1,

3b Listen again. Are these sentences true, false or

give n?
The fir st design is by da Vinci.
1 This design is over 50 0 years old .
3 Da Vi nci's most famou s paintin g is the Mona Lisa .
..! Pablo and Irina are looking at a corkscrew.
5 The corkscrew was designed in the early 1980s.
The third obj ect is the designer's best-selli ng design.
George wo uld lik e to buy one of these.

6 W ork with a partner to discuss what yo u think the

0AL S (PRESENT DEDUCTION) designs above are. Try to use these words and phrases.

..;a Look at Audio script 7.3 on page 170 and und erlin e must might could can't I' m sure/certain .. .
:.e modal verbs must, can't, might and co uld. look at maybe/perhaps .. . It' s possibl e that .. .
'ie wo rds aroun d th em. It's not possibl e that ...

M atch each modal verb w ith one of these meanings.

It can't be true. a I think thi s is possible.
SPEAKING
might/could be true. b I' m certain that this is true. 7 If yo u had the skills, what wou ld you like to
3 It must be true. c I'm certain that this is not true. design/ re-d esign?

71
:: ·-7.4- -- -· SCENARIO
MARTELLI DESIGN COMPETITION

SITUATION KEY LANGUAGE

DESCRIBING QUALITIES
1 The advert below appeared in the
design magazine Trendsetter. Read the 2a Bl Listen to one of the jud ges commenti ng on a design w hich won
advert an d answe r the questions. first prize last year. The product is a trave l jacket Answer th e questions.
1 Wh o can e nte r the com petitio n? 1 What kind of perso n woul d buy it?
2 How ca n a competitor get an e ntry form? 2 What special featu res does the jacket have?
3 Wh at is the purpose of the co mpetitio n? 3 W hat reaso ns does the judge give for sugges ting the jacket should
w in first pr ize ?

2b Listen again and comp lete the sent e nces.

1 As yo u ca n see, it ___ very mode rn and stylish.
2 It's _ _ young peop le . It w ill __ _ _ people wh o
are o n the mov e.
3 It has seve ra l speci a l ___ .
4 On e of the jacket's bes t __ _, I' d say, is that the z ips have a
lifeti me guarantee.
5 The jac ket has two _ _ _ feat ures.
6 It's _ _ a new mate ri al w hich is very strong , _ __ an d
heat resista nt.
7 Anot he r stro ng _ _ _ is the _ _ _ o n the sleeve . .
8 The jacket's durable, _ _ , easy to use and, above a ll, _ _ .
The co mp etition is open t o you ng
des igners who are still stud ying or 2c Work in pairs. Think of a n article of clothing you own , o r wou ld
who have g ra du ate d d ur in g the last like to own , for example a co at or jack e t. Desc ribe it to yo ur
five years . Ent ry fo rm s w ill shor tl y part ne r, using som e of th e language from Exe rcise 2b .
be se nt t o des ig n sc hools, un ive rsity
d epa rt me nt s an d d esig n studi os all TASK
ove r the wo rld . -... EVALUATING DESIG NS
The compet ition is ope n to any designer
who ha'> produced a prototype of th eir
3a Work in groups of four. You a re jud ges for th is yea r's
compet ition and will choose the w innin g de sign. Choose o ne
design. The aim of the compet ition is
product each from the text on page 73. Read th e d escr iption and
to recognise and reward outstanding
take notes on the key p oints.
product designs.
Total prize money is $20,000 . 3b Descr ib e your product to the other judges in your group . You
may add extr a informa tion you w ish to cover a ll the cata gories.
Comp lete th e evaluation form for th e oth e r thr e e pro du cts as you
listen to th e ot her jud ges. Marks are out of t en . Do not ev a luate
you r own product.

Design __ _ Design _

stylish

FOR fURTHf:R INfORMAllON , inn ovat ive

PLEASE VISIT
www. ma rte l1spr itze. corr I in te rn c: tiona I functional

easy to use

durable
valu e for
mon ey
TOTAL

3c Add up the marks of th e three jud ges for e ach product and find
th e winn e r.

72
 MARTELLI DESIGN COMPETITION -
A wheelchair
A user-friendly wheelchair with several innovative
features. It has only five main components:two side
wheels, a seat, a seat back, a foot rest and four light s.
Because of this, it's lightweight and easy to maintain,
take apart, assemble and transport. It allows users to
quickly access a car or plane. It's ergonomic and easy to
push. A unique feature is that it is very visible at night
because of its powerful lights and coating of luminous
paint. Its frame is made of carbon fibre, and can be
adapted to each person's size and weight.
Suggested price: $899 • A stylish, elegant carry-on bag for men and women. It is
ideal for use on budget airlines because passengersare
usually allowed only one piece of luggage. It will appeal to
fashion-conscioustravellers because its silver identity tag
and logo have a unique design.The bag is small and compact,
measuringonly 35cm x 30cm x 16cm, but it can hold many
items without looking bulky. It has three small pockets with
zips and one large compartment.There is also a special pocket
' for a water bottle. It comes in five colours.
Qualities:Well constructed,durable,versatile,with a place
for everything. Ideal for short flights when you carry a lot of
technological itemssuch as smart phones, laptops and tablets.
Suggested price: $140

j A sports watch
1 Taptap is a sports watch for athletes. It aims to
· provide information which will help athletesto
' improve their performance, but it also acts as a
; standard, everyday watch. It has several innovative
· features. It has advanced tap screen technology,
: so it is very easy to use. The athlete simply taps
· the screen to activate the various functions of
t he watch, such as the stop watch and display of
- :
i
running times. It has a unique alarm system which
will appeal t o long-distance runners. The alarm
! tells the runner when he or she needs to have more
! water or food. The watch has a long-lasting battery
; which lasts at least three years. It is water resistant
; up to 120 metres, so it will also appeal to people
, who enjoy water sports. Taptap looks sporty and
A study area (desk and bed unit) : fashionable. Its face and case is silver, and it has a
This unit is perfect for st udents living in small rooms, preparing ' wide, rubber strap, available in several colours.
for examinations. Suggested price: $199
It consists of a desk and eight drawers for storing things. The
desk is exceptionally sturdy.
Above the desk•is a bed. An innovativefeature is that the height of
the bed can be adjusted quickly and easily to the height of the room.
A solid wood staircasewith wide steps leads up to the bed.
There is a shelf at the headboard for holding books and a light.
The ergonomic chair is specially designed for students who sit
for long periods of ti me. It won a design award recently at an
international exhibition of furnit ure in Geneva.
Qualities: The study unit is innovative, functional and space saving.
Suggested price: $1,200

73
·- STUDY AND WRITING SKJLLS
.

STUDY SKILLS 2c Liste n again and answe r the qu estions.

PROOFREADING 1 What examples does the lecturer give of the
following mistakes?
1 Work in pairs or small gro ups to discuss these
qu estions. a spelling b irregular verbs c prepos1t1om
2 Complete the fina l piece of advice she gives.
1 W hen you wri te a formal docu ment, e.g. a formal
'Is my meaning _ _ ?' 'Will someone_ _ my
email, essay or report, do you prefer to use pen and
work _ __ what I'm trying to say?'
paper first or to wr ite directly onto a screen? Exp lain
yo ur answer. 3 Wh at are the main problems you have when yo u
2 Do you ever edit your own wo rk or other write in English? What mistakes do yo u often make?
peop le's wor k?
3 W hich of the tools do you use in your work or studies? 4 Proofreading Eastern Univer sity plans to buy a
a an online dictiona ry c a grammar check hundr ed bicycles for students to hir e during the
b a spell check d a word count univ ersity year. Read the report on two bicycles,
4 W hat other digital too ls do yo u use? written by the univer sity's Purchasing Officer , Debora
Carr . There are some errors in it. Find the followin g
2a
It is important to make sure yo ur writin g is accurate error s in the report.
and your meaning clear. You are going to listen to a a four incorrect spellings
lecturer giving some tips on checking writt en work. Work b two missing cap ital letters
with a partner. What points do you think she will mention ? c one missing full stop
d two in correct apostrophes
2b Ill Listen to the conversation. Note down th e
e one example of incorrect wo rd order
points th e lecturer mention s. Are they the same as th e
f a phrase that is repeated unnecessarily
points you discussed in Exercise 2a?
g one incorrect tense
h two incorrect prepositi ons

Report on two hybrid bicycles: Trekker 101 and Groundbreaker

In t roducti on -.
At the req uest of Jeremy
Schooler, vice President of
eastern Univer sity, this report
5 com pares two hybrid bicycles
an d recommen ds o ne of th e
mode ls to be purchased by t he
u niversity
Price
10 There is a significan t price
diferen ce betwee n the two
bicycles.Trekker 10 1 costs
€460 . It is much cheeper than
Groundbr eaker which costs €s40. Performance: Gears
15 Size 35 a Riding along The highest and lowest gears of both
The bicycl es are similar on Trekker 101 is light er. It is, the refor e, 51 bicycles are t he same. Neverthe less,

length but not in weig h. Trekker much faster on flat ground , but is it not Groundbreaker has a big advantage. It's
101 we ighs just 14. 1 kg whereas good o n bum py surfaces. gear change is much faster and smoothe
Groundb reaker weighs 16.4 kg. Ground breaker is slow er but gives a Conclusion and Recommend ati on
40 much smoo t her ride on ro ugh surfaces.
20 Rider Position The universi ty should purchase the
On both bicycles, the rider is b Cornering 60 Grou ndbreake r model. It is built fo r

position ed right at the back so Both bicyles corn er w ell and feel strength and durab ility, w hich are
tha t so that he o r she is centred stab le, even in sl ippery conditions. important qualities fo r hire bicycles. It
ov er th e rear wheel. Both Groundb reakers' st abil ity is good w hen perfo rms much bett er on rough surface
25 bicycles are sui tabl e to rider s up 45 cornering but it is slowe r because of its This is important because many of our
to 175 cm tall. For someone over extra weight . 65 students will wan t to ride t he bicycles ir

that height, Groundbreaker is c Climbing t he fo rest and mounta in areas.

more suita ble. Both bicycles are perfo rm ing we ll w hen Signed: Ms Debora Carr, Purchasing Offi c
The seat climbi ng. Trekker 101 can accellerate Date: 16 Sept ember ...
Jo The Groundbreaker seat is more 50 fast er on th e st eep sections of a hill.
comfortable and can be adju st ed Ground breaker is bette r if th e ride r has
easily. To adjust t he Trekker 101 to climb several hi lls in a short t ime.
seat, you need a special too l.
74
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS -
-
.:> Read the report and answer the questions.
1 W hich b icyc le:
a is cheaper? d w il l proba b ly last longer? Kristal Clear Headphon es
b is lighter? e has a mor e flexib le seat?
Price: US$ 180
c is faster? f has a better gear change?
Weight: I 70g
2 W hat sim ilar feat ures do both bicycles have?
Design: Attract ive and stylish. 5-st ar rating (outstanding)
3 Why does th e writer of th e repo rt prefer the
from Sound and Vision magazine.
Groundbrea ker?
O ver-the-ear headphones. Comfortable, easily adjustable,
th in headband, might wear out quickly.
.\'RITING SKILLS Colours: Black. metallic silver and red
" PRO DUCT REPORT
Sound: Bass ton es not very powerful. High-end tones
6a Linke rs Look at th e words in ita lics in each sentence excellent. Best for classical or light pop music.
below. Which word / phrase is used to show: Noi se: Sound doesn't leak out and annoy people. Blocks out
a co ntrast , additional information, a result? most outside noise.
1 Trekker 101 is lighter . Therefore, it is much faster on Du rability: Well made. Cable maybe a bit weak.
flat grou nd. Special feature(s): A unique sound syst em greatly reduces
2 Groundbreak er's gear ch ange is faster. Moreover, it is outside noise. Headband flexible and easily adjustable.
much smoo ther. Overall impression: Great style and sound quality,
3 Groundbrea ker is heavier. On the other hand, it is affordable price.
stronger and more d urable.
Sonar Headphone s 3001
6b Work with a partner. Decid e wh ether the words in the
Price: US$ 265
box introdu ce a result, a contrast or additional information.
Weight 185g
Try to add one more word /phrase to each gro up.
Design: Attra ctive and stylish. 3-star rat ing from Sound and
also altho ugh as a result co nsequen tly Vision magazine.
·Jrt hermor e howeve f in addit ion w hereas O n-th e-ear headphones. Comfor t able - headphones
cover th e w hole ear. Rather heavy and bulky (t ake up a
I
lot of space). Headband - flexib le plastic wra pped in soft
:-- Link the pairs of sentences usin g an appropriate leather. Strong cable.
w or d/ phras e from Colou rs: Black, white and grey
Gro un dbreaker ' s seat can be adjust ed easily. You Sound: Powerful and deep bass tones. Good high-end
need a spec ial too l to adju st Trekker 101 's seat. sounds. Lots of energy and power. Headphones best for
.. Both bic ycle s climb well. Trekker 101 can electronic, hard rock or urban music.
accelerate faster. N oise: Keeps away some outside noise. N ot a st rong feature
3 Trekker 101 is c heaper than Groundbreaker. It is of t he headphones.
much li ghte r. Durability: We ll built, strong constr uction. Made to last.
Both bicycl es are suit ab le for rid ing in town . They are Special featu re(s): Control system on th e cable. Users can
ideal for ridin g on mountain tracks. t urn the sound up and down.
5 Groun dbre aker is a heavier bic ycle . It is slowe r wh en Sponge pads on the headphones covered in soft leather.
going round tight corners. Very comforta ble.
6 Trekker 101 is sui table for mediu m- sized rid ers. Overall impression: Well const ruct ed, excellent bass and
Groundbreaker is much better fo r tall peopl e. high-end sounds. Not cheap. Good sound quality + durability.

8 The head of a large airlin e has asked yo u to write a report

o n two top-of-th e-range headphon es, recomm ending one
of th em for use in the airlin e's First Class cabins. Writ e the
-eport, using th e notes on th e right.

75
 Business
IN BUSINESS
·1
I

Eat and drink with you r relative s; do business with strangers. Greek p roverb

VOCABULARY AND READING MyTablet 9

BUSINESS TERMS ROLES
1 Work with a partn er to discuss th ese
qu estions .
1 Can you name a successfu l business from
your cou ntry?
2 Can you name a business from another The retailer
country w hich is successful in your country? 'Wel l, t he custome r is not god,
3 Why do you thin k these businesses are but it is a good th ing to believe
so successful ? t hey are always right. When
you sell luxury pro ducts you
2a Compl ete the statements with the w ords
need to charge high pri ces if
in the box.
you want t o be take n seriously.
--- - But remember, high prices
community competitors customer law
loss prices profi t staff taxes wages _ don't always mean making big
profits . Shops and reta il can be
To succeed in business you should: difficul t t o get rig ht. '
1 value your _ _ .
2 focus only on making a big __ .
3 pay employees low _ _ .
4 charge high _ _ . 'Well , you have t o prepare The partner
5 never break the _ _ . ca reful ly. Do your market f'f-
'My firs t business fa iled. I went
6 avoid paying _ _ to the government. research, then set up your into business with my best
7 believe the __ is always right. business. And be prepared to fr iend, but it just didn't work.
8 invest in the local __ . make a loss dur ing t he first My new partner is simply a
9 put your _ _ out of business. year. That's the most difficult financ ial investor. I run the
10 be prepared to make a __ for at least time. Get it rig ht, and it's the business on a day-t o-day basis.
the first year. best thing in t he world. I work But you need good people
alone, but I get a lot of help aroun d you. I value my staff
2b Work with a partner to discuss the from my family . and the company is doing well
statements.
because we are a stron g team.'
76
 IN BUSINESS .1111
3 Match the people in the box with their rol e. LISTENING
-- - -- -- --- ----
customer entrepreneur manufacturer partner 6a Allan Smith appears regularly on th e radio giving
retailer suppli er who lesaler advice on starting a busin ess. What advice do you
think he might give?
1
2
sells directly to the publ ic
makes goods
6b Ill Listen to th e first part of an interview with
him and answer the questions.
3 starts new businesses
1 In hi s fir st tip, Allan mentions fou r areas of business.
4 is one of the owners of a business
W hat are they?
5 buys large quantities of goods from producers and
2 W hich of the fo llowing does All an mention in his
sells th em to shops and businesses
second tip?
6 buys di rectly from a shop or a company
• advertising • promotion
7 provides goods/parts to shops and businesses
• pric e • competitors
4a Read a page from a website on starting a new • costs • tax
business. Whose advice do you think is the best for 3 W hat does All an thin k the ' key to success' might be?
your situation? Which of th e business areas would you
prefer to work in? 6c I'llListen to the second part of the interview
and complete the summary.
4b Read the webpage again and und erline examples Firstly, some failed because the market had 1__
of the vocabulary from Exercises 2a and 3. _ _, and the bu siness was left beh ind. The second
5 Work in groups to discuss the following. reason was over-dependence on one 2_ _ _
1
Other reasons are poor _ , cash flow prob lems,
1 Wh ich are your favourit e retailers?
bad debts and not dealing with 4_ properl y.
2 Name three large manufacturers.
3 W hat servi ces can a w ho lesaler offer a retail er?
Give an exampl e of good/bad customer service yo u
6d m Listen to the third part of the interview. Are
these statements true, fals e or not given?
have experienced. 1 Business pl ans are very important.
5 W hat problem s can a business have with its supplier s? 2 Business pl ans help to impr ove sales.
6 Can yo u name a famous entrepreneur? 3 You should keep your business pl a11s in yo ur head.
If yo u started a bu siness, w ho wou ld yo ur partner 4 At the beginning , you may make mistakes when
be? W hy? .,. you fo recast.

7 Summarisin g In your opinion , what are the key

pieces of advice which Allan gives? Summarise th ese as
Dos and Don 'ts.

SPEAKING
8 Ill Listen to two people talking about an idea for
a business in their home town. Answer the questions .
1 W hat type of business is it? W hat's its name?
2 W hat advantages of the bu siness are mentioned?
3 Do yo u think it is a good idea? Wh y?/Why not?

9 You have ten minut es to plan a business idea to

start in your hom e town. Work with a partner and
choose an idea from below or think of your own .

a garden care service selli ng second-hand items

a mobi le hairdressing service sell ing fresh flo wers

Think about the name and location of the business, the

The manufacturer goods or services you will offer and yo ur target mark et.
I run a successf ul manufactur ing business
:.ith three factories, tha n ks to carefu I
11anagement and not taking risks. Thinki ng
about the future is the key. It's impo rtan t
Watch an interview with Teresa Le about
:o put money back into the business, but
the Vietnamese food busin ess she set up
make sure you leave enough to pay your
in London .
caxes and wages' We also try to invest in t he
Turn to page 153 for video activiti es.
ocal community, to put something back. We
sponsor t he local footba ll team.
77
I_
S: I
.. ·· .
11
1 1
BUSINESS DILEMMAS

READING 2a Read the thr ee texts quickly and match them with
the following ethical problems.
1 Work with a partner to discussthese ethical dilemm as.
a You have information that could damage the
1 Your best friend gives you an expensive birthday
company you wo rk for.
present. You do not li ke it. What do you do?
b A company that gave you an expensive present is
2 Your friend's husband has lost his job - you've seen
trying to become a supplier for your company.
him at the j ob centre. His w ife doesn't know this.
c You have a colleague w ho is not honest.
Wo u Id you tell her?

You work in the clothing department of a store

Your friend, Julia, works in the same department.She You are Chief Executive of a car manufacturer .
is a good friend who supportedyou when the two You visited an overseas supplier some time ago, and
of you didn't a good bonus at the end of last when you left, he gave you an expensive watch as a
year. There was a lot of shoplifting in the clothing present. On returning, you were planning to tell your
departmentat that time: people were stealing colleaguesabout the present, but forgot.
expensiveitems like designershirts and silk ties. Your Last week, you were sittingin your office when
boss said that you weren't paying enough attentionto anotherpresentfrom the same supplier arrived. It was
your work and didn't deserve a good bonus. a magnificent antique clock! At the t ime, you were
Yesterday, you were having a drink wit h Julia after considering three competing offersto supply radios for
work in a local cafe and you noticed that Julia had a new range of cars. Your generoussupplier had made
two new men's shirts in her bag. 'Wow\ They look one ofthe offers. His firm's radios were more expensive
expensive,' you commented.Julia laughed.'You don't than those of another supplier, while the qualityof the
think I paid for them, do you? I take a few things from
time to time to make up for our rotten bonuses.' l productswas similar.You have never done business
before with the supplier of the cheaper radios.

You are an environmental manager for a chemical firm.

All lastyear, the company was looking for ways of reducing costs
because it was making a loss. It decided, therefore,to cut back
on investment in technology.
As a result, the company did not spend money on buying some
expensive new equipmentwhich reduces a special toxin in waste
water. At present, scientistsdon't know exactly how poisonous
this toxin is, and your waste is within legal limits. However, the
polluted waste from the factoryflows into a nearby lake and river.
It seems to be affecting fish and wildlife, and a local scientist has
warned that peop\e should not eat fish caught in the river.
If you tell the press or the local authoritiesaboutthe waste water, the
firm will have to buy the expensive equipment.The companycould go
bankrupt and everyone, including yourself, would lose their jobs.

78
 BUSINESS DILEMMAS

h 2b Read the t exts again. Ar e th ese statements tru e 6 Match th e be ginn ings of t he w ith t he
or false? endin gs. Then writ e out the sentences in full wit h
Text 1 th e verbs in th e corr ect fo rm (past continu ous or
1 Your manager compl ained that yo u Uulia's fr iend) past simpl e).
w ere not paying enough attention to him. 1 I (meet) my old boss
2 Julia said she stole thin gs because she did not get a 2 IBM (offer) me a job
decent bonu s. 3 The company (have) fin ancial problems
Text2 4 I (work) at my compu ter
3 The company was act ing illegall y. 5 She (find ) the missing file
\
I
4 The expensive equipme nt could stop the company 6 W e (talk) about our future strategy in a meeting
going bankrupt. a when the Chief Executive suddenly (announce)
Text 3 her resignatio n.
5 You did not tell your co lleagues about the expensive b w hen the power cut (happen).
w atch. c wh ile I (travel) to Wa rsaw for a conference.
6 You wer e given an expensive watch, an antique d w hi le I (study) at Harvard.
cloc k and some radios as gifts. e w hen a fantastic new contract (be) agreed.
f w hi le she (look for) some other docu ments.
3 Wh at do th e foll owin g w o rds highli ghted in th e
text refe r to? PRONUNC IATION
1 them 5 he
2 it 6 It
7 a Ill Wea k forms Listen to the fo llo w ing
sentences. Circl e th e wea k for ms (/w az/ and / wa/ )
3 It 7 those
and und erlin e t he stron g forms (/wnz / and / w3:/ ) of
4 their
w as and wer e.
1 We were having a meeting when the fire alarm w ent off.
SPEAKING 2 W hen the pho ne rang, I was talk ing to a customer.
4a Reacting to the topir In group s, discuss th ese 3 'Was he workin g fo r you then?' ' No, he w asn' t.'
quest io ns. ' 4 'We re they plann ing to buy another shop?' 'We ll,
1 W hat wo uld you do in the situatio ns describ ed in they said they wer e.'
the texts if you w ere:
7b Listen again and rep eat the sentences.
a Julia's friend? ""
b the environmental manager? 8a W ork on yo ur own. Choose o ne of th e events and
c the Chief Executiv e? make notes to answ er th e questi ons belo w.
2 W hat pun ishment, if any, do you think Jul ia should • an acc ident at home or work
receive? • a big event in your school's/comp any' s recent history
3 Is there a difference betw een a gift and a bribe? • an important w orld or natio nal event
• a big famil y event (e.g. the birth of a ch ild)
4b W ork with a partn er. Talk about a tim e wh en yo u
or a person/ company th at yo u know had to make a Wh ere we re yo u when th is happened?
di ffi cult ethic al decision . Who w ere yo u with ?
Wh at we re you doing?
What did you do next?
GRAMMAR
PAST CO NTIN UOUS '8b W o rk in gro ups and share yo ur stories.
5 Look at th e exampl es of th e past co ntinu o us in When I first heard about the earthquake, I was having
italics in t he texts and match th em wi th th eir uses. lunch with a friend.
Loo k at th e cont ext in th e text to help yo u.
a for a longer background action in th e past wh en a WRITING
shorter action interrupts it or happens dur ing it
b for repeated actions in the past that take pl ace over a
9 Wri te a shor t paragraph describin g t he event yo u
discussed in Exercise 8.
period of time •
c to emphasise the duration or continuity of a past action
Language reference and ext ra pract ice pages 140- 141

79
 BUSINESS ICONS

READING Estee Lauder

······················· ·· ················ ·········
.... .
.....
OBmJARIES

1 In groups , discuss these que stions. 1 The founder of the giant US cosmetics
1 What famous brands do you know for firm died on 24 April at the age of
cosmetics, soft drinks, sport s cloth ing ninety-six. She was born Josephine
and tech nology? Esther Mentzer in New York in 1906 to
2 What do you know about the people Hungarianand Czech parents and had
eight siblings. Her childhood was hard
who started these brands?
and the family struggled with money.
2 Work with a partn er to read about Most of the nine children helped in
the family hardware store. This early
som e business icons. Try to answ er as
experience gave her an understanding
many of th e questions below as yo u can.
of business and what makes a
Share yo ur answers with yo ur partner. successful retailer. As she grew up.
Stud ent A: Read texts 1 and 2 on this page. Estee became interested in her uncle's that the company's fortunes were
Stud ent B: Turn to page 1 60 and read business. New Way Laboratories, really t ransformed. By the mid 1960s.
texts 3 and 4. which sold beauty products. She she had launched the Aramis range
graduated from Newtown high school for men, followed by Clinique in
1 What area of business was each
and after t his focused on his business, 1968. It has become one of the
person in ?
helping to sell the products - first to world's best-sellingskincare brands.
2 What was each person most famous for? her friends and then to beauty shops.
3 Who started out: 4 Todaythe company also owns a
2 She founded the Estee Lauder
a as a bus conductor? number of famous brands, including
company with th e Austrian-bornJoseph Jo Malone,Aveda, MAC and Bobbi
b as a law yer? Lauterin 1935, who she had married
c as a scientist? Brown, while the Estee Lauder branc
in 1930. The company only sold four is known in 120 countries.
d wo rking in a hardware store? products at this time. Her lucky break
5 She married the same man twice (ir
4 Who: came in 1949 when she got an order
from the famous Saks Fifth Avenue 1930 and 1942) and is survived by
a used words from two languages ,
department store in New York. her two sons, Leonard and Ronald.
to come up w ith the name for their
Estee Lauder (Josephine Esther
compa ny?· 3 However, it was in 1953, with the
launch of the 'Youth Dew' perfume Mentzer), born 1 July 1906;
b thought that yo u did not need to
died 24 April 2004 .
succeed at un iversity in order to
succeed in
5 Which two people: O BITUARI ES
a were very good sales people?
b lik ed sports? 1
Akio Morita, co-founder of the Sony Americans,theirmarketand customs.
c had a co nnection w ith Austria? corporation, died on 3 October in Many peoplebelieve this was the key
d wrote a book? Tokyo. He created one of the first reasonfor his globalsuccess.
e came from a poor fami ly truly global companies. His strategy 5
Sony launched the Walkmanin 1979
background? was so successfulthat Sonywas after Morita had noticed young
recentlyvoted the number one brand people's love of music.
6 Which person:
by Americanconsumers,ahead of 6
a didn't have a business partner? Morita was a workaholic,but he was
Coca-Colaand GeneralElectric.
b was born fir st? also a playaholic.He loved art and
2 Morita had a comfortable childhood.
c lived the longest? music, and was a sports fanatic.
He was the eldest son of a wealthy 7
d had the most chi ldren ? He also wrotea bookin the1960scalled
familyfrom Nagoya. He trained as
Never Mind SclwolRecords,which
a physicist. Beforehe celebrated
3 Identifying similarities and differences
his twenty-sixthbirthday he had
arguedthat academicachievementsare
W o rk in small gro ups to discuss th ese not importantfor successin business.
founded his own company with a
questions. partner, Masaru Ibuka.
8
He is survived by his wife Yoshiko,
1 What are the simi lariti es and two sons and a daughter.
J In 1949 the company developed
differences between the childhoods recording tape and in 1950 sold Akio Morita , born 26 January 1921:
and education of the four peop le? the first tape recorder in Japan. In died 3Octo ber1 999
2 How did their.chil dhood experiences 1957 it produced a pocket-sized
help in thei r success? radio and a year later renamed itself
3 Do you think a difficult chi ldhood helps Sony. For the new name Mr Morita
people become successfu l in business? combined the latin word for sound,
4 Do you think it is mor e diff icult for sonus, with the English expression
'sonny boy' to give an impression
women to succeed in business than
of a company full of energy and
men? W hy?/Why not?
youth. In 1960 it produced the first
transistor televisionin the world.
4
He moved withhis familyto the USA in
1963. This helped him to tmderstand
80
VOCABULARY
COLLOCAT ION S (2)
6
BUSINESS ICONS

Complete th e text with the past simple or past

perf ect of the verbs in brack ets. '
-
4a· The texts contain some business colloc ations, e.g.
set up / found a company.
Mat ch the verbs in the bo x with th e words and phrases
below to make more collocations.

run set up do make reduce go recruit lau nch

1 __ _ a business plan, ___ money I a profit

2 _ _ _ into partnership , _ __ out of business
3 _ _ _ an overseas branch, _ _ a company
4 __ a new produ ct range, _ an advertising
campaign
5 _ _ _ some market research, ___ the first By the time he 1___ (be) 20, Steve Jobs 2__ (create)
year accounts the personal computer and started Apple. By the age of
6 _ _ the business badly, _ _ a factory twe nty-five, his fortune 3_ (rise) to $100 million. Jobs
4
7 _ _ _ a new manager, __ talented employees (leave) Apple in 1985 and 5_ _ (become)
6
8 _ _ production costs, _ _ _ the number of staff CEO of Pixar. When he _ (rejoin ) in 1996, Apple
7__ _ (1ose) its pl ace in the market. However,by 1998,

4b Put the collocations from Exercise 4a into a Jobs 8 _ (brin g) Appl e from makin g a loss to making
logi cal order in the life of a company. Discuss your a profit w ith the iMac. Later, he 9 _ (develop)
id eas with a partn er. iTunes, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad. He has been
described as the 'Father of the Digita l Revo lution' . He
before end 10
(die) o n 5 Octo ber 20 11.
make a go out of 7a What had th e following peopl e done by th e ages/
business plan business
dates mentioned ? Match th e senten ces 1-9 with th e
phrases a-i.
GRAMMAR 1 By his 26th birthday , Ak io Morita ...
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE -... 2 By the tim e of his death, Chaleo Yoovid hya ...
3 By the mid-1960 s, Estee Lauder ...
Sa Loo k at these two sente nces from the text about 4 By 1990, Mark McCormack ...
Ak io Morita and underline t he ve rbs. 5 By the age of six, Mozart ...
Before he celebrated his twenty -sixth birthday he had 6 By the age of twent y-tw o, Usain Bolt .. .
rounded hi s own company .... 7 By the age of five, Leonardo D iCaprio .. .
Sony launched the Walkm an in 1979 after Morit a had 8 By the age of twenty-two , Lio nel Messi .. .
noticed you ng peop le's love of music. 9 By the age of twenty-seven, Amy Johnson ...
a launc h the A ramis range
.5b Answer the followin g questions and complete b w in the FIFA pl ayer of the year
the rule. c break the 1OOm and 200m wo rld records
1 Wh ich verb in each sentence is in the past simple ? d found his/ her own company
(The other verb is in the past perfect simp le.) e fl y to Australia
2 Wh ich action happened first in each sentence? f compose his/her first piece of music
3 W hich action happened second ? g become the most powerful person in sport
-l Do we use the past perfect simple for the actio n that h appear on TV
happened first or the action that happened second? become one of Asia's richest men
'.Ve for m the past perfect simple wi th _ _ + (not) +
7b Check your answe rs with a partn er by makin g
aie past parti cipl e.
sentences w ith th e past perfect.
5c Find the tw o sentences in th e texts that start as 'What had Akio Morita done by his twenty-sixth birthday?'
below. Which tense do we often use to talk abo ut 'He had foun ded his own company. '
events that happened by a certain tim e?
1 By the mid 1960s, ... (text 1, para 3) SPEAKING
2 By the end of his life, ... (text 3, para 4 )
8 Discuss th ese question s.
...,. Language refe rence and extra practice pages 140-141 1 Who are the business ico ns in your co untry?
2 Wh y are they successful ?
3 W ho is the most successful person you know?
4 Why are they successfu l?

81
 SITUATION 3 Read abo ut D om ino s.p.r.I. Why is the market fo r
sunglasses growing?
1 Wor k w it h a partner to discuss th e fo llow ing.
1 How ofte n do yo u negotiate in yo ur everyday li fe? Dom ino s.p.r.I., an Italian wholesaler, wants to import
2 W ho do you need to negoti ate w ith? W hat about? sunglasses from a manufacturer in the United States
For examp le, yo u may negotiate with a friend or or Asia. They w ill supp ly retailers all over Europe.
partner about w hat fi lm to see at the cinema, w here A ltho ugh the peak season for sunglasses is in the
to eat or what time to meet. W hen was the last time? summe r months, market research suggests that more
W hat was the result? and more people are wearing sunglasses all year
2 W ork w ith a part ner. Whi ch of th ese t ips do yo u round - even in the evening as fashion accessories!
t hink are most impor tant fo r a successful negoti ati on?
Tr y to agree o n fou r.
4a Ill li sten to Vanessa fr om Domino s.p.r.I.
• Tell the other person exact ly what you want. speak ing to a potential manufactu rer in San Francisco,
• Listen carefull y. USA. Is th e discussion successful?
• Don't change your plan when yo u negotiate.
• Have a cl ear aim. 4b Listen again and answer the quest ions.
• Ask a lot of questions. 1 How many pairs of sunglasses did Vanessa want?
• Try to get a w in- win result. 2 W hat were the problems concernin g the deliv ery
• Keep calm. Do not show any emot io n. date and the payment?
• G ive a lot of reasons for what yo u wa nt.

82
 SUNGLASSESAFTER DARK •
KEY LANGUAGE TASK
TH E LANGUAGE O F NEGO TIATION N EGOTIATING
Sa Listen again and complete the extract s. 6a After the failure of th e earlier negotiation , a
1 BOB: How many w ould you like to ___ ? meeting is now arranged between Domino s.p.r.I and
2 VANESSA: We' re thin king of __ quite a large order. Sunspex, anoth er manufacturer based in San Diego ,
3 BOB: I' m __ that wo ul d be a bit diffic ul t, USA. In small groups , look at the negotiation details
Vanessa. then discuss the questions .
4 VANESSA: Wha t about if we earli er? Group A (Domino repr esentatives ): Turn to page 157
you be able to deliver in August? and read the informati on carefull y.
5 BOB: Let me check if I ___ you, do you Group B (Sunspex salespeople): Turn to page 159 and
mean payment on deliver y? read the inform ation carefull y.
6 VANESSA: How do yo u __ about that? 1 W hat are yo ur most impo rtant needs in the
7 VANESSA: I' ll think it over and maybe get back to you. negoti ation?
BOB: That sounds __ . We ll .. . I hope to 2 Are some of your po ints less imp ortant? Can yo u
hear from you soon. offer them to the other side to get what yo u w ant?
3 What do you think wil l be important for the other side?
Sb Match the senten ces with similar ones from
Exercise Sa. 6b Work in pairs of on e Domino representative and
a Let' s see if I've got this right. on e Sunspex salesperson. Negotiat e and try to get a
b W e' re considering buying a large quantity. good deal for your company.
c W hat sort of qu antity do yo u have in mi nd?
d That seems O K. 7 Work in your groups from Exercise 6a to discuss
e If we pay more quick ly, can yo u get the goo ds th ese questions.
to us earl ier? 1 We re you happy w ith the result?
f W hat do you th ink of the offer? 2 Do you thin k the deal was good for both sides?
g I' m sorr y. That could be a problem. 3 Did yo u have a strategy? Do you think the other
side had on e?
4 How did the other side react to your ideas? W ere
they flexibl e?
5 If you did the negoti ation again, w hat wo uld you
do diffe rently?
 1
STUDY SKILLS 3 Beginn in g and ending correspondence Loo k again
RECOGN ISING FORMAL AND IN FORMAL LANGUAGE at the emai ls in extracts 3 and 4 be low. Und erlin e the
phr ases used to begin and end the m.
1a Look at th e extracts from different pieces of
cor respondence. Match th em with th e types below.
WR ITING SKILLS
report email note minut es SMS message FORMALANDINFORMALCORRBPONDENCE
4 Put th e proc edur e into a logical order for w riting
1b Is eac h piece of co rre sponden ce formal or emails. (Tip : the answer should spell a word. )
informal? Why? Type . . . (type a draft )
W ho .. . is the emai l to? (the reader(s) and your
2a Recognising register Wh ich of the followin g are
relation ship w ith them)
features of formal / inform al writin g?
Send ... (add any attachments and send)
1 use of co ntraction s, e.g. I'm Edit ... (edit and check)
2 no cont raction s, e.g. I am Register .. . (is the email formal/neutral/ informa l?)
3 passive constru ctio ns, e.g. It is designed Information . . . (brainstorm the content/functions,
4 phrasal verbs, e.g. call back and thi nk of the infor mation you need
5 longer word s instead of shorter , mo re common ones, to include )
e.g. assistance (not help), information (not fa cts),
reserve (not book ), receive (not get)
6 direct q uestions, e.g. Can you ... ?
7 missing out words , e.g. subj ect pro no uns Dear Mr Mcle nnan,
8
9
use of imp eratives, e.g. tell me (li ke an orde r)
abbr eviatio ns, e.g. thx (= thank s)
Furt her to your invitation of 15 March, I am
notifying you th at I will unfort unately be unable
to attend the confe rence on Friday, du e to a
[
2b Find exampl es of the feat ures in th e ext racts . prior eng ageme nt. Howe ver, I wou ld be very
grateful if you could send me a copy of t he
po st- confe rence report.
Yours sincerely,
Elena D' Angelo

Conclusion
Although there are cost benefits of using
•
Achieve, it is clear that Team Spirit is a much
more professional organisation and therefore Hi Carlos,
the best opt ion to help improve staff morale. Great news: got the contract ! Let me know if you
want to work with us on this one. I'll be in touch in
Recommendations the next couple of days to firm up our need s.
It is recommended that Team Spirit are Best wishes,
contacted as soon as possible and informed N ils
of ou r requirements.
If possible a staff teambuilding weekend
should be arranged for March/A pril.
BJ page 1 of5

Agenda Item Discussio n Actio n

[fl
Marketing Plan The budget MS to
for this was prepare
approved . deta iled
Martin budget by
Schwarz will 21 Feb.
prepare in
detail for next
meeting.

' ETA 14.30 pis send taxi cu 18 r. }

84
 -·
-- ...... ... ,..._.u

STUDY AND WRlTlNG SKlLLS

Neutral Inform a l
First contact
Formal
I am writing to enquire .. .
---·----
I am writing to ask/tell you . .. I'd like to find out I let you
I am writing to inform you ... know about ...
Refer ring to previous With reference to your letter Thank you for your letter of
co ntact of ...
I am delighted to inform you Great news!

6ivin g bad news Unfortunately, ... Sorry, but ...

Making an offer If you wish, I would be Would you like me to ... Shall I ...
happy to . ..
4
Could you possibly ... Please can you ...

Refusing a n invitation I am unable to attend due to . . . I will not be able to come

because ...
I would like to apologise for . . . I am sorry abou t/ for ... Sorry about/fo r ...

If you have any further Call/Mai l me if you need

questions, please do not more help.
hesitate to contact me .
......'"====
Attachments I am attaching ... Here is ...

Referring to the future ! look forward to hearing Looking forward to meeting

from you in the near future. you.

5 Loo k at t he phr ases below a nd ad d them to the

table of usef ul expr ess i©ns above. Dear Customer
I am writing to advise you of a new development at
I ca n't mak e it as . . . I reg ret to inform yo u ...
Shoes 4U. I am delighted to inform you that in future
If I can he lp in any way, please co ntact me aga in. you will be able to order online. We aim to provide our
I wou ld be grateful if yo u co ul d .. . customers with the best possible service. In order to
I have som e good news (about ... ) do this, I would be grateful if you could take a few
Got yo ur message on . . . Please find attache d ... minutes to register your details on the website; after, you
Speak to yo u I See yo u soo n. will be able to start using the new service right away.
If you have any further questions, please do not hesitate
to contact me.
6a Using the tab le, c ha n ge t he parts in bold in the first
I look forward to hearing from you soon .
e ma il from formal to ne ut ra l reg iste r. Make a ny other
ch a n ges necessary. Yours sincerely,

6b Usin g t h e tab le , cha nge the p a rts in bold in th e

secon d e m ail from infor ma l to formal reg ister . Mak e
a ny other c hanges necessary .
Dear Louise ,
7 Write a n ema il for the following situations. Use th e
W.R.l.T.E.S. pro ce dur e from Exercise 4. Got your email on F rida y. Thank you for the
inv itation. Sorr y, but I can't make it as we have
1 Ma rco, a co lleague from an overseas b ra nch of your
a teambuilding sem inar that weekend. Pleas e let
co mp a ny wrot.e to yo u last week. You promised to
Mark know about the new produ cts.
se nd some documents to him, but forgot. He has just
w ritten aga in to remind you. Please feel free to caWmail me again if yo u n eed
2 A customer, Mrs Daley, phon ed you and asked you a ny more h elp.
to send her yo ur latest cata logue. Speak to yo u soon.
3 Je nny, a frie nd w ho w ork s in the sa me d epa rtment ,
wa nts to go for a drink ton ight after wo rk. You a re
unable to go as yo u are go ing to t he cinema, but yo u
co u ld go on Friday. .. ·)
I
85
 Engineering
9.1 FROM ENGINES TO ENGINEERS

READING
-.
1 What do engineers do? Do you know
any? What diff erent typ es are there?

2a Identifying genre Look at t he text.

Where do you think it comes from ? Who
is it aim ed at?

2b Choose the most suitable heading for When you hear the word help explore new worlds. They
each paragraph. make t he worl d a cleaner, safer,
engineer, do you think
healt hier pl ace by inventing, building
a Engineers' contribution to society of someone who is a) male? b) and improving everything from
b Origin and defi nition of engineer boring? or c) dirty? Or all three? m icro chips to household applia nces,
c Wome n in engineerin g
Well , to think again. from skyscrapers to spacecraft.
d Engineering and science
e Types of engin eer
.1 Engineer ing has often been seen 3 interestingly, the word 'engineer'
2c M atch these inventions with th e typ es as a male professio n. For example, does not come from the word
of engineering mention ed in the text. on ly ni ne percent of US engin eers are 'engin e'. In fact it comes from t he
wo men, wh ile i n the UK it is just over Latin word 'ingeniosus' meani ng
1 roads
eight perce nt. Howev er, there is no skilled. An engineer is really a clever,
2 aircraft practical problem solver. Altho ugh the
reason fo r this: engin eers are sim ply
3 a washin g machin e fields of engineering and science are
talented peop le who make our
4 microc hips • connected, there are also differences.
everyday lives easier. In fact research
5 a heart pacemaker shows that wo men make t he best
roads - civil engineering prob lem solvers. 4 while a scientist will ask w hy
a pro blem occurs or happens, an
2 Enginee rs find solutions to
problems th at are important to
engin eer will want to know how to
solve the pro blem. As one write r
society. They control and preven t once said: scient ists buil d in order
pollu tio n, deve lop new medic ines, to learn, whereas engineers learn in
create advanced technolog ies and order to build .

86
LISTENING VOCABULARY
FROM ENGINES TO ENGINEERS ..
CO LLOCATIONS (3)
3a Ill Lindsey Barone is on e of the
few wo men engineers in a high posit ion. Sa M atc h t he ve rbs w it h th e most appropri ate wo rd s and phrases.
Listen to t he intervi ew. Wh at typ e of 1 test a safety tests
engineerin g has she w o rked in ? 2 build b a breakthrough
3b Listen again and correct th e 3 solve c a prob lem
4 make d a deadli ne
statements.
5 do e a theory
1 She started her career in a car 6 do f some research
manufacturing company. 7 meet g a model/pro totype
2 She wo rked on mi litary aircraft before 8 find h a solution
her present job.
3 She works close ly w ith a lot of Sb Listen to th e in te rview again and check you r answe rs. Wh at
other wo men. oth er co mbin ations of the wo rds in Exercise Sa can you thin k of?
4 She likes engin eering because it's
we ll paid. Sc Compl ete th e senten ces w ith t he co rrect fo rm of th e
collocation s in Exercise Sa. Th e first lett er of the noun is given.
4 Wor k with a partn er to discuss t he 1 Follow ing the accident, engineers had to _ __ a lot of s__ _
fo llowin g. before the mac hine coul d be used again .
1 Wh at did you find most interesting about 2 After a lon g period of failur e, they ___ an impo rtant b __ .
the interview w ith Lindsey Barone? 3 They __ an im aginative s___ to the prob lem after wo rking
2 Wo uld you like to have her job? w ith models in the test lab.
W hy?/Why not? 4 One part of the engineering process is to _ a smaller worki ng
3 W hy do you th ink there are fewer m_ _ _ before mov ing on to a fu ll-size or prod uctio n version.
female engineers than male engineers? S It can take a long tim e to fully comp licated t_
4 Should there be more wo men in before putting it into practice.
engineer ing? Why?/W hy not? 6 The w hole team had to a lot of carefu l r___ into the
causes of the prob lem.
7 In the end we were able to the most serious p___ .
8 O n many engineering projects there is great pressure to __ _
strict d __ _

Sd Loo k back at t he readin g text and find three diffe re nt

combi nation s of problem and solve.

SPEAKING
6 Wor k in small grou ps. Loo k at the list of some great engineering
achi evements and do t he fo llowing.
1 Add one more achievement to each category.
2 Decide w hich is the greatest engineering achievement in each category.
3 Give reasons for yo ur c hoi ces.

around the house entertainment

the fridge, the microwave oven, radio, television, the internet
the vacuum cleaner constru ction
getting around the pyramids, the Eiffel Tower,
the train, the plane, the car the Panama Canal
5 There are all sorts of opportunities in a
1ariety of engineering fields such as aeronautical,
medicine/health
contact lenses, the thermometer,
biomedical, civil, mechanical and computer laser surgery
engineering. Engineers work alone or in teams, and
in locations such as offices,factories, research labs,
outdoorsand even outer space\ How many of the
modern world's greatest engineering achievements WRITING
will you use today? A car, a computer, a telephone?
Think about it. 7 Wr ite a short paragrap h abou t what you th ink is t he great est
Now is the time for women to engineer the future. engineeri ng achievement Think about th ese qu est ions : Wh y do you
Break the stereotype. Build a career. Sign up today! thin k it is t he greatest achievement ? How has it improv ed peop le's
lives? Wh at w ould people's liv es be lik e witho ut it?

87
 SURVIVAL ENGINEERING

VOCABULARY
HAZARDS AND GLOBAL THREATS
1a ·Match the words in the box with
their meanings.

asteroid meteor meteorite extincti on

co ll ide deflec t probe hazardous

1 a smal l piece of rock or metal that is

burnin g up in the Earth's atmosphere
2 a piece of rock or metal that has come
from space and landed on Earth
3 a very large piece of rock that is
movi ng through space
4 a spacecraft w ithout people, sent into
space to gather inform ati on
5 dangerous
6 make somethin g mo ve in a different
direction
7 crash violent ly into something
8 w hen animals or pl ants stop existi ng

1b Compl ete t he text using some of the

words from Exercise 1a.
A massive 1__ might 2_ _ wi th the
Earth in the year 2040 causing mass
3
_ _ _ • Scientists have been discussing
how to 4 __ potentiall y 5_ _
asteroids to prevent them hitti ng the Earth.
One possibil ity is to send a 0__ _ to land
on the asteroid and monitor its progress.
ost scientists aqree years aqo Many scientists
READING that the threat of an d histor ians be lieve that the
a larqe aste roid or extinction of th e dinos aurs and
2 Read th e title of the articl e. How
meteor hitt inq th e Earth is real, othe r animals was a result of
much do yo u know about th e threat s althouqh they cannot pcedict Js th is collision.
of asteroid s? Work in small group s and when such an even t will occur. Just recently, an aste roid as
share yo ur information. However. a recent even t in biq as an aircraft carrier passed
Russia reminded everyone of within the Moon's o rbit. It was
3a Read the arti cle qui ckl y and put th e the danqer of meteors and the larqest object to approach
topics bel ow into the order t hey appear 10 asteroids. In the Urals reqion. on 40 the Earth in more than thirty
in th e text. 15 February, a meteor flashed years. The rock , 2005 YU55, as its
D 2005 YUSS across the sky and broke up name suqqests, was first seen in
0 Yucatan Peninsula over the city of Chelyabinsk. December 2005 and came within
0 Methods to avoid co lli sions w ith The huqe explosion followed by 325,000 kilometres o f the Earth .
15 shock waves smashed window s, 45 NASA, the us space aqency,
asteroids
destroyed roofs and injured tracked the asteroid as it
0 99942 Apoph is
around 1.200 people. The meteor app roached, usinq hiqh-powered
3b Read th e articl e again and make weiqhed 10 tonnes and was instruments and its massive radio
travellinq at an estimated speed telescope in Puerto Rico.
notes abo ut th e fo ur topics.
20 of 50,000 - 60.000 km/h befo re 50 The space aqen cy classified
3c Now work in pairs.•Take it in turn s to it disinteqrated. Accordinq to the asteroid as 'poten t ially
tell your partner about each of the topics residents. it was a terrifyinq hazardous ' but there was no
w ithout lookin g at t he text. experience. danqe r of it collidinq wi th the
The Earth has been struc k Earth. However, if the aste roid
4 Identifying facts Read t he article again 2s many times in the past by larqe 55 had crashe d into the Earth,
and find two know n facts and two t hin gs objects. A meteorite, estimated it could have caused a huqe
t hat are specul atio n. to be about twelve kilome tres in earthquake. If it had fallen
diameter, coll ided with the Earth into the ocea n. it cou ld have
5 Can you think of any other ways of in the reqion of the Yucatan produced a 20-metre tsunami.
preve ntin g astero id s hittin g t he Earth? 10 Penisula (now Mexico) 65 million &o scientists worldwide are concerned

88
 SURVIVAL ENGI NEERll'\ G

GRAMMAR
THE PASSIVE
6a The passive is often used for the foffowin g reasons.
1 Whe n the person doin g th e acti on is not im po rtant, not k nown or
is obviou s.
2 W hen we wa nt to start a sentence w ith informatio n that is know n
or has been mentioned before.
3 W hen we wa nt to includ e the person w ho does the action, we
introduc e th em w ith the preposition b y.
look at the highlighted phrases in the articl e, and match them to the
stateme nts above.

GRAMMAR TIP
We for m the passive with a form of be followe d by the past
partic ipl e of the main verb:
The Earth has been struc k ...

6b look at the article and find all the other examples of the passive
and underline th em. Then match all the examp les of th e passive
with these tens es.
a the present simple passive
b the past simpl e passive
about the threat from asteroids strikinq c the present perfect passive
the Earth. They aqree that action should d the passive in the futu re
be taken to prevent an asteroid or comet e the passive wit h a modal verb
collidinq with our pl9net
6> Russia's top space researchersare
"""+ Language refe re nce a nd extra practice pages 142-1 43
particularly worried about asteroids. They 7 Comp lete the text using either the passive or the active form of
plan to send a probe to asteroid which
th e verbs in brackets.
could be a threat to the Earth in the near
future. They want to deflect 99%2 30 mill ion people 1 _ (kill) by the global flu epidemic of 1918. In
'o Apophis, an asteroid that will fly close to recent years, people 2__ _ (shock) by the arrival of ' new' infectio us
the Earth two decades from now. This di seases. These 1 __ (call) superbugs. Many superbugs 4__ (1ive)
asteroid is about 300 metres wide The harmlessly on or in the body and only 5_ __ (cause) prob lems when
threat from Apophis is considered by people become sick w ith other illn esses. These bugs are particularly
Russian scientists to be the most serious dangerous to people w ho 6__ _ (weaken) by surgery, childbirth or o ld
-s now facinq our planet. age. The bugs also 7__ _ (cause) prob lems for babies. Scientists say
These scientists believe there is still time to vaccines capable of beating deadly superbugs li ke MRSA 8 (fi nd)
chanqe the path of the asteroid before it w ithin ten years. Howeve r, some people think that w ith the rise of
approaches the Earth. geneti c engineering, the world 9_ _ _ (wipe ou t) by a GM superbug.
several methods have been proposed by
so enqineersto avoid collisionswith asteroids. 8a Work a partner to do a passives qui z. Make passive
one idea is that a spacecraftcould land sentences using the table on page 157. Writ e as many sentences as
on the asteroid. It would then use electric you can in ten minutes.
motors to chanqe the path of the asteroid.
Other methods include hittinq it with 8b Compare your sentences with another pair.
s ; missilesor usinq a satellite to chanqe its What have you got for number 1?
direction. Further research will be carried The ballpoint pen was invented by ...
out in the future.
The threat of ApoWiis has focused 8c Now close all your book s. In your groups of four , how many
people's minds on protectinq our planet passive sentences can you remember from the quiz? The team with the
90 aqainst asteroids and other objects from most correct senten ces wins.
outer space. Recently, Rusty Schweickart.
a former Apollo astronaut. called for
action to defend the planet. He wrote in
SPEAKING
the New York Times, 'By preventinq 9 In groups , look at the fo llowin g global thr eats. Choo se t he t hree
9s danqerous asteroid strikes. we can most serious. Then discuss and rank th em 1-3 (1 = most serious ).
save millions of people, or even our
entire species.' overpopu lation asteroids droug ht famine earthquakes tsunamis
hurricanes superbugs alien invasion genetic engineering volcanoes

89
9.3 SUPERSTRUCTURES

SPEAKING 4 Compl ete th e text with th e, a or an, or t he

space blank if no articl e is need ed.
1 Work wi th a partn er t o discuss th e fo llowin g.
Hakan, w ho is 1___ engineer from Turkey, studied
1 · W hat is the largest man-made structure you have
Civ il Engineering at 2 __ Istanbul Technical
ever been in or o n? How did you feel?
University. He is origina lly from 1__ Ankara, w hich is
2 How wo uld you feel if you we re: 4 __ capital of 5__ Turkey and 6___ country's
a at the top of a very tall building?
second largest city after 7__ Istanbul. He is 8__ _
b in a tunnel deep in th e ground?
expert in hydraulic engineering. He is currently wor king
c in a build ing at the bottom of the sea?
in 9_ _ China on one of 10___ China's biggest
projects: the South to North W ater Transfer Project. The
GRAMMAR plan is to transfer huge vol umes of water from
ARTICLES 11 _ _ _ wet and rainy south of 12 ___ country to
13__ dry plains of 14 __ north. Over 15_ _ next
2 Read the text qui ckly. Tell a partner what yo u found
_

most interestin g. 40 years, 16__ China w ill build huge canals over
17
_ _ country. Before that, Hakan wo rked on the
3 Look at t he highighted w ord s in the text and find Sutong Bridge in China, w hich is 18___ longest
exampl es fo r each of t hese rul es: spanning bridge with cables in 19_ __ wor ld.
W e use a/ an . . .
1 w hen we mention somethin g (a singular no un) for PRONUNCIATION
the first time. a train
Sa Ill We ak fo rms Listen to fiv e sentences and
We use th e ... w rite t hem down . Then und erlin e th e w eak forms .
2 w hen we refer to somethin g that has been
mention ed before. Sb Practise saying th e sente nces.
3 w ith the names of some countri es. _
4 w ith the names of geographical features, e.g. seas,
oceans, rivers. __
5 w ith superlatives. __
6 w hen there is o nly one of somethin g. __ _
7 w hen we know w hich thin g the speaker refers to.
TRANSATLANTIC TUNNEL
We don 't use an articl e .. .
Engineers have proposed cutting journey times
8 with p lural countable nJ'tms. __ _
from NewYork in the Unit ed State s to London in
9 wit h the names of towns and cities, and most
the United Kingdom to 54 minute s, trav ellin g on
count ries. __ _
a magnetically-raised train . The idea is that th e train
-. Language reference and extra pract ice pages 142- 143 will travel through a tunnel fl oatin g in the Atl ant ic Ocean.
The tunnel will be 45 metres below th e surface of the sea
and it will be nearly 5,000
kilometres long. The train will
t ravel at speeds of well over
1,000 km/ h, many t imes fast er
than today's fastest trains.
Giant anchors will be sunk into
th e bottom of th e sea, in some
places up t o 8 kilometr es deep.
54,000 tun nel secti ons will be
transported by a special ship
and will then be lowered into
place. The tunnel sect ions will
th en be atta ched to t he anchors.
The t unnel will have t o stand
up t o some of the Atlantic 's
strongest currents, including
part of the Gulf Stream. The
tunnel will probably cost $12
t rillion and need one billi on
tonnes of steel. It will ta ke
decades to build. If it is built, it
wil l be th e largest and the most
expensive engineering project in
th e hist ory of t he world.

90
 READING
6a Scan th e thr ee texts and note down all the

6b Read the three texts again and complet e as much

of the table as you can.

Solar farm Dam

It is hoped that a huge solar and windfarm project in the

Sahara desert, including cou ntries in North Africa and Arabia,
may provide 15% of Europe's electricity by 2050 and help
solve climate change problems . Huge farms of solar panels
in the Sahara will provide clean electricity. As sunlight is more
intense there, the solar panels in North Africa will generate up
to t hree t imes the electricity compared with panels in Europe .
The ambitious scheme led by Germany to build a €45 bn 6c Read the t exts again and answer the questions.
supergrid will start in Morocco, probably near the desert city 1 H ow lo ng wi ll it take to get from New Yo rk to London?
of Ouarzazate. The Moroccan solar farm will cover 12 square 2 W hat ca n t ravel at many tim es the speed of today's
kilometres. Tunisia and Algeria will probably be the next countries fastest train ?
as they are close to Europe. Libya, Egypt, Turkey, Syria and Saudi 3 W hat is th e dep th the anch o rs w ill be sun k und er the
Arabia may join the network from 2020. botto m of th e sea?
The panels have metal cradles made in Egypt and glass 4 W hat are th e adva ntages o f th e Sahara so lar pa nels?
troughs made in Germany. Scientists have wonde red how the 5 Wh y w ill th e so lar pa nels in Nor th A fri ca ge nera te
troug hs w ill perform in very bad weat her. Howeve r, there is m ore elec tric ity th an pa nels in Europ e?
usually only one sandstorm a year. The main challenge will be 6 W here is the propose d Belo Monte dam ?
keeping the panels clean due to the dusty conditions . They 7 W hy does t he governm en t wa nt to buil d th e dam ?
need to be cleaned daily which takes up a lot of local water.
7 Identifying problems Work in p airs to discuss the
foll o wing.
1 W hat probl ems do the thr ee texts menti o n?
2 W hi ch prob lem do yo u think w ill be
a m ost serio us
b m ost difficu lt to solve ?
3 Can yo u think of othe r probl ems th at m ight arise in
the three proj ects?

SPEAKING
8a You are going to hold a debat e on the following
motion .
Sp endin g billi ons on sup erstruc tures ca nn ot be j usti fied
The Brazilian government is planning to build the Belo Monte
w hen peop le are st arv in g.
Dam on the Xingu river in the Amazon . The hydro-electric dam
will be the thi rd largest in the world behind t he Three Gorges Divide into two groups , one for and one against
Dam in China and t he Itaipu Dam whic h is jointly owned by th e motion .
Brazil and Paraguay. The Belo Monte dam w ill be 90 metres Group A (for the motion ): Turn to page 157 and prepa re
high, 3,545 metres long and will cost around US$ 18.5 bn. yo ur argum ents.
Group B (against the motion ): Turn to page 163 and
It is est imated tha t t he dam w ill produc e 11 ,000 megawatts of
prep are you r arg um ents.
electricit y, w hich woul d help Brazil depend less on fossil fuels
like oi l. The govern ment also wants t o help the country's 8b When y ou hav e prepared your arguments , debate
econom y wit h large scale projects like t his on e, and others the motion as a class.
like new road systems.
Howeve r, the effects of t he dam may not all be positi ve and
the project has been heavily crit icised by environmentalists.
The dam will destroy vast areas of land , fl ooding 500 square
kilomet res along the Xing u and forcing more than 16,000
people to find new homes . Campaigners are partic ularly
worr ied about the future of local tribes in t he area, whose
lives tot ally depend on th e forest and river.
91
 THE 1\1EGA PROJECT

S.ITUATION 2b Listen again and complete the inform ation.

1 Read the situation bel ow. In yo ur opinion , what bi g The M ega Project
construction proj ects might impre ss foreign visitors? Type of proje ct: _ _ _
Height: __
A country in South-East Asia has an expand ing tourist W idth:
industry. Howeve r, it wo uld lik e to attract more Numbe r of people liv ing in the city: __ _
bu siness travellers to use its conference facilitie s. Numbe r of people working in the city: _ _ _
Faciliti es in the city: __ _
To achieve this objec tive, the government plans to
have a bi g project w hich w ill be exci ting, good for its Future action by the mini ster: __ _
citizens and create wo rld wi de interest. The Minister 3a Work in pairs. Read the facts about the country
of the Environme nt, Susan Lau, has co me up wit h an below and divide them into the se two catego ries.
interestin g idea.
a Situations that the new city w ill improve
b Problems that the new city will face
• The capital ci ty is overpopu lated and polluted . There
is a serious housing probl em in the city.
• The weat her is hot throughou t the year.
Temperatures often reach 45°C.
• Strong wind s and even hurri canes occ ur at
times in the countr y. The area is also at risk from
earthqu akes.
• Traffi c moves slow ly, so comm uters spend a long
time travell ing to work.
• There are many poor and homeless peopl e in the
area, and the crim e rate is high.
• The unemployment rate is high, especiall y in the
construction industry.
• Man y businesses have clo sed down recently in the
area chosen for the vertical city.
• Peop le in the north of the countr y want to create
2a Ill Listen to an ext ract from a television news an independent state. There are often viole nt anti-
programme. Di scuss the se questions. government demonstrations in the area.
1 What is Susan Lau's new idea?
2 Why w ill the projec t probab ly appeal to foreigners?
J r.r11I
r:·'1
....... t•
....
...
 THE MEGA PROJECT -
3b In yo ur pairs, discuss this qu estio n. KEY LANGUAGE
What do you think will be the main DISCU SSING OPTIONS, MAKING DECISIONS
advant ages and disadvantages of buildin g
the new c ity?
5 Ill Listen to a conversation between three city planners about a
name for the vertical city and comp lete it.
4 Ill Listen to two city planners A: W hat 1 _ _ it Mega City? It's easy to remember.
talking abo ut the benefits of the project. B: Mmm, it's a possible solution, I suppose, but there are 2____ •
Note down the ben efits they menti o n. How about Hope City? It's a really good name because it' ll provide a
Compare t hem with the ones you lot of housing for poor people. Give them hope for the future.
discussed in Exerc ise 3b. C: Yeah, Hope Ci ty. It 3__ __ _ _ to me, I must say. But wha t
other names can w e thi nk of?
A: Well, one 4__ w ould be to call it Tower City. That's exactly w hat it
would be - a towering city, one of the highest in the world.
B: I don' t know, I' m not too keen on that name. We have one other
option, you know. If we _ _ Paradise City, I think most
6
people __ __ that name. It suggeststhe city wo uld be a
wo nderful place to live and wor k in. That's w hat we all want, don't we?
C: Mmm , 7__ ____, I really li ke the name.
A: Me too. OK, we al l seem to like it. Are we 8____ then?
Have we 9 _ _ ___ __ ? It' ll be Paradise City.
B/ C: Yeah. Agreed.
A: O K then. 1' 1110_ _ the name to the minister. We' re all
11
• It's the best name.

6 Work in pairs to discuss t he fo ll owing.

1 W hich of the four names is your favouri te? Why?
2 W hat is the best name for a shuttl e service from the airport to the
new cit y?

TASK
ASSESSING A PROJECT
7a You are studying engineering at the capital city's biggest university.
Susan Lau has sent your depart ment a list of questions about the new
proj ect for discussion. In small groups, look at the questions below and
choose five w hich interest you. Discuss th e questions and make decisions.
1 W hich material should be mainl y used to bu il d the new c ity? Glass?
Concrete? Steel? O ther ?
2 What should be the general shape of the city? One tower? Several towers?
3 W ho should the new city be fo r? Poor peop le? Ric h and poo r
peop le? Anyone w ho can afford to li ve there?
4 W hat style· wo uld be suitable fo r the apartments? Classical? Mode rn ?
Futuristic? Oth er?
5 W hat kind of restaurants or other food outl ets should there be?
6 H ow can the planners make the city safe for people liv ing and
wo rkin g there?
7 Should the new c ity have cl osed c ircu it television? Everyw here? In
special areas?
8 What kind of transport should there be inside the bu ild ing? Lift s? A
monorail ? Mi nibu ses? Bicyc les? O ther?
9 How can the buil ders protect the city against fire, hurricanes and
very hot weather?
10 Wh at other thin gs do the pl anners need to think about?

7b In yo ur gro ups, tell another group which questions you chose and
wh at your decisions were. Give reasons.

7c As a class, decide w heth er t he Mega Proj ect is good for th e

co untry. Is it feasibl e?

93
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STUDY SKILLS 4a Body language Watch the discussion again. Which

PARTICIPATING IN A GROU P DISCUSSIO N student makes each of the gestures below ? What does
each one mean? M atch 1-4 with a-cl.
1 In pairs or small groups, discuss these questions.
1 shaking the head slightly from side to side
1 What kind of group discussions do you attend at 2 puttin g forward a hand w ith the palm forwards
wo rk or in your studies? 3 moving the arm forward and raising the hand to
2 Do you enjoy taking part in group discussions? shoulder height
Why?/W hy not? 4 making open hand gestures in front of the body in
3 How do you rate your performance in this activity? time w ith important wo rds
Excellent? Good? Average? Poor?
a indic ating that he/she wants to speak
4 W hat problems, if any, do you have when taking
b indicating disagreement
part in a group discussion?
c stoppin g someone else interrupting
3 Thin k of a person who is good at group discussions.
d emphasising key points whil e explai ning something
W hat abiliti es and skills do they have?

2a Four students from a Faculty of Engineering

4b Which of the gestures would not be acceptabl e in
yo ur co untr y? What gestures would normally be used
are taking part in a group discussion at their univer sity's
in yo ur country for th e above actions?
Engineers Club . The topic for discussion is: 'Engineers
are wasting their time doin g management studies.' Sa Ill listen to a college lecturer from the UK
Watc h the video and match the photos and the names givin g advice about how to particip at e effectively in a
of the students: Sheeba, Jake, David e and Valerie. gro up discussion. Take notes under th e headin gs Do
and Don 't.

Sb Think of some mo re tip s and add them to yo ur lists

from Exercise 6a.

6 Work in groups of three or four . Choose one of

the controversial statements below. Prepare some
arguments for or against th e statement. Then have
2b Do the students agree with the statement? Put a a gro up discussion. Use some of the phrases from
tick ( ,/') against the name if student agrees and a Exercise 3 in your discussion.
cross (x) if they disagree. • Nuclear power is too risky. It should be banned
heeba 0 Jake 0 Davide 0 Valerie 0 in all countries.
• Cloning (copying an animal or plant) is immoral
2c Which person's opinion do you agree with most? Why? and dangerous.
• Few people wi ll buy books in twenty years' time .
3a Watch the discussion again. Tick (,/') the
• Space exploration is a w aste of tim e and money.
expr essions below that you hear.
• The dangers of global warming have been exaggerated.

=
Turn taking
I'd lik e to make a comment.
=i Can I come in here, please?
Clarify ing
=i Let me explai n my point of view.
Interrupting politel y
:J Can I make a qu ick poi nt, please?
Keepi ng your turn
:J Hang on, let me fin ish what I want to say.
=
Bringing other speakers in

.
I think yo u agree w ith me, don' t you, Valeri e?
Asking questions
Can I ask a question, please? What do Sheeba and
Jake think?
[] I' d like to ask Sheeba and Jake a question, if I may.

3b Now look at Video script 9 on page 172. Underline

other expressions and add them to the categories in
Exercise 3a.

94
*
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS
- 9.5

WRITING SKILLS
DESCRIBING A PROCESS
7 Read the description of how aircraft are made and
answer the questio ns.
1 Why are the foll ow ing used to produ ce an aircraft?
a a mod el b w ind tunnels c fli ght tests
Aircraft production is a huge and costly 2 What docum ent must a construction company get
busine ss. Most aircraft are made by before it can sell its aircraft ?
companies who can produce them in large
quantities and who can invest time in 8 Using the passive In English, we prefer to start a
planning as well as production. Planning sentence with infor mation that is already known, not
alone can take up to 12 years for a large new. We sometimes use the passive to put known
aircraft and production can also be a very long info rmation at th e beginning of a sentence. For exampl e:
process. The production stages are as follows. is a huge and costly business.
First. the construct ion company produces i
design s for the aircraft. These designs
are used for the initial simulation s. Then
We are unlik ely to write:
a model of the aircraft is put in a wind
tunnel. The way the air moves around Aircraft produ ctio n is a huge and costly business.
the model is studied by engineers and Companies make most aircraft ...
scienti sts . as well as how the model acts in
Find two more examp les of this in the text.
the tunn el. This gives them a good idea of
how a real. life-sized aircraft of th e same 9 There are several stages in the production and launch
design will fly. Smaller part s of the aircraft of a new motorbike. Look at the notes below and put
are also tested in wind tunn els. them in the correct order. Think about how the passive is
Next a prot ptype of the aircraft is made. someti mes used at the beginning of a sentence. The fir st
and afte r that a limited number of aircraft and last have been numb ered.
are produ ced to test on th e ground . D Show the new motorbik e at trade exhibiti ons all
Representa tives from a government over the world.
aviation agency often make the first [1] Plan the new motorb ike and produ ce the first
flight. Flight tests continue until all designs. (Design team)
the requir ement s are met . Finally. the
government agency authori ses the
D Contact journali sts and inv ite them to test dri ve the
new motorbik e.
constru ction compan y to begin produ ct ion
of the aircraft. A certifi cate is issued and D Changes are made to the proto type and the design
the aircraft is sold all over the world . is modifi ed. (R& D department)
D Bui ld the fir st prototy pe, with the help of engineers.
(R&D department)
D The prototyp e is tested on special roads. Check if there
are any probl ems and if any changes are necessary.
D Do furth er tests, then make more modifi cation s and
changes to the engine.
D Results of the test drive are recorded and the
journalist s prepare article s about the new bike.
[9J Mass-produ ce the new motorbik e. Launch an
international marketin g campaign.

10 Write an article on the stages in the production and

launch of a new moto rbi ke, for inclusion in some school
course materials on engineering processes.Use th e notes
above and the link ers in the box to structure you r article.

fir st of all next after that th en fin ally

95
 Trends
10.1 IT'S THE NEWTH ING

Don 't foll o w trends, start tren ds. Frank Capra, 1897- 1991, US film-maker

SPEAKING READING
-.
1a Look at th e list of trends below. W or k with a 2a Skim the text. Wh at is th e main purp ose of the text?
partn er to discuss th ese question s. 1 to entertain an audie nce of scientists
1 Which are current trends in your country? 2 to persuade peopl e to buy a boo k
2 W hi ch are trends in other countr ies? 3 to inform a general aud ience about a common term
3 Wh ich are o ld-fashioned trends which you think
could return? 2b Read t he text again and match t he id eas below to
th e co rrect paragrap h.
• Recyclin g and looking after the environm ent
a Trends are like illn esses.
• Being concerned about diet and health
• Having cosmetic surgery b Change happens quick ly, not a little at a time.
• Retiring at 70 years old c Trends can beco me global more easily than before.
• Reality TV shows d Certain types of people are important in
• Not using cash even for small pu rchase developing trends.
e The idea of ti pping poi nts comes from science.
• Sunbathing
f Gladwell made people mo re aware of the idea
• Gett ing marri ed later in life
• Amer ican-style coffee shops, e.g. Starbu cks of tipp ing points.
• Wear ing sportswear/training shoes (when not 3 Reflecting on th e topic In small gro ups, d iscuss
playing sport) th ese questi ons.
• Beauty competitions
1 W hat do yo u thin k of Gladwel l's ideas?
1 b Think about futur e trends in t he fo ll owin g 2 H ow influ enced are you by other peopl e?
areas. Then discuss yo ur ideas in small groups. Wh ich 3 W hat was the last trend yo u fo llowed?
do yo u th ink are th e most likely? 4 W hi ch trendsetters do you admire?
• Personal appearance
• Fami ly life
• Work
• Education
• Leisure time

96
 IT'S THE NEW THING ..
1
It can be a problem these days
u.i;1with the number of overni ght YouTube
sensations and vira l marketing campaigns on
the internet. It is also difficu lt to explain how
these sudden ly become popular. We tend
to think that change happen s gradua lly and
steadily ove r time . However, often thi s is not
th e case, w ith new trend s w hich
seem to catch..o.. very quickly.
2
A term heard a lot in this context is 'tipping
point' , but w hat does it mean? The tipping
poin t is a term whic h ori ginally came from VOCABULARY
physics, although it has been used in many PHRASAL VERBS (3)
fi elds of study, from economic s to ecology.
4a Look at th e phrasal verbs h.igb.!lghte g in the text
The idea describes the time in any process and match them with their meanings bel ow.
whe n very rapid change hap pens. In sociology
1 discover
the t erm was first used by Morton Grodzins 2 gain control of somethin g/someon e
when he was studying movement s of people 3 maintain the same level as
into and out of neighbourhood s in America. 4 become less fast/rapid
3 5 notice somethi ng which is not easy to notice
Althoug h used by scholars and academics
for years, it became more w idely known as 6 become fashionable or pop ular
a popular term relating to trends because of 7 di sappear comp letely
Canadian author ' Malcolm Gladwell. He wrote 8 believe in and be influenced by
a best-selling book called The tipping point or 4b Repla ce th e words in italic s in the questio ns below
how little things can mfrke a big difference. In the with th e correct form of a phrasal verb fro m Exercise 4a.
book Gladwell compares changes in behaviour 1 W hat was the most recent trend to become popular
and new trends to the way outbreaks of disease w ith young children?
develop. He shows how they suddenlyltake__ov..er: 2 Do you try to have the same lifestyle and possessions
and are everywhere, and then laterrsbW:-cL6;J as yo ur friends and neig hbou rs?
in popularity and finally[die Q.ul Sometim es, for 3 W hy do you thi nk trends become less rapid?
example in fashion, they reappear years or even 4 W hich trends that have disappeared will have a
decades later. Gladwell claims in his book that , revival, do you think?
just like epidemics, trends move rapidly through S How do you per sona ll y discov er wh ich trends are
a popu lati on as peopleffiUYJnt 0Jthem , although becoming pop ul ar?
6 Which trends seem to have become dominant on
not all academics agree with his theory.
the internet recently?
4
Gladwe ll also talked abo ut the importa nce 7 Wh ich newspapers and magazines are the first to
of word of mou th in helpin g peop le notice new trends in you r country?
ideas and trends. He identified 8 W hich recent trend are you not going to be
th ree types of people who are influential influenced by? Why not ?
in the development of trend s: Connectors
(who have a w ide range of contacts), M avens
5 In small gro ups, ask and answer t he questions in
Exercise 4b.
(who are experts wit h a lot of know ledge t o
share) and Salesmen (who have infl uence and
peo ple want to copy).
WRIT ING
5 These days social netwo rking allows people 6 Write a paragraph about a recent trend in you r country.
to[l n(j Oj,!!_about trends which are global.
w hereas before they were only local or
national. W hat do you think the next globa l Watch an intervi ew with Cat e Trotter,
tre nd wi ll be? Where and w hen wi ll it start? a tre nd consultant, abo ut how
understa ndin g trends can help businesses.
Turn to page 153 !?r video activ ities.

97
 TRENDS lN FASHION
c
READING AND SPEAKING
\.
fashion trends. Work in groups and predict what cult ural trends the
article might mention.

2 Scan the article quickly and find the following.

1 a French luxury fashio n house
2 a cartoo n personality
3 a mod ern artist
4 a TV programme
5 a street mo vement
6 a maj or influence on fashion trends
7 a visual art
8 a star in the fashion indu stry
9 a fashion blogger

3a Read the text again and make notes on the main points in each
paragraph.

3b Work with a partner and co mpar e your notes.

4a Identifying examp les Look at the text and find seven different
phrases used to introdu ce an example (paragraphs 2-5 ).

4b Look at the sentences below and think of an example for each

one. Add your idea to the sentence using a phrase from Exercise 4a.
1 A numb er of sports stars have become very rich due to endorsing
major brands. 6b Work in pairs and tak e it in turns to
2 The leading countri es in fashion design are hoping for a reviva l in ask and answer t hese questio ns.
the fashion indu stry this year. 1 What colo urs are fashionabl e at the
moment?
5 Work in pairs to discuss questions. 2 What is your favourite hi gh street
1 W hat trends influ ence w hat you wea r? fashio n shop?
2 What do clothes tell you about someone' s personality? 3 Who is the most fashionable person you
3 If yo u could own one fashionabl e item, w hat wo uld it be? know? Explain why they are fashionable.
4 Have you ever bought someth ing just because it was fashion able? 4 Have yo u ever tried to make a fashion
5 Does the fashion industry exist mainl y to persuade people to spend statement? What di d you wear?
money on things they do not really need? 5 What is the most unfashionable outf it
you have ever worn ?
VOCABULARY
FASHION LISTENING
6a Match the words and phrases in th e box with th eir meanin gs. 7 Do you think it is excitin g/glamorous
to work in the fashion indu stry? Why?/
fashion victi m fashionable fashion conscious fashion statement Why not? Would yo u like to work in the
unfashionable designer fashion high street fashion fashion show fashion indu stry? Wh y?/Why not?

1 popul ar or thought to be good at a particu lar time 8 llillListen to a conversation between

2 not mod ern or popul ar the manager of the fashion department
3 expensive, fashiona ble clothes made by a famou s designer of a major upmarket store and a new
4 interested in the latest fashions and in wearin g fashionable cloth es salesperson, Chloe. Tick ( ..!') the pi eces of
5 someone who always wears very fashionable cloth es, even if the advice which the manager gives Chloe.
clothes sometimes make them look silly 1 Don' t talk to the other trainees.
6 the type of clo thes that are affordable for the average person but 2 Find out about other departments in
keep up w ith fashion trends the store.
7 a show for the public whe re mod els wear new styles of cloth es 3 Always wear the store uniform.
8 clot hes that you wea r to attract attention and show peop le the type 4 Give customers a lot of attention.
of person you are 5 Pressurise them to buy somethin g.

98
 l

CULTURALINFLUENCESON FASHION TRENDS is MarcJacobs, a star of the fashion world. He

designsthree major clothinglabels and has
1
Everyoneworking in the fashion industry stylish televisionshows such as Mod Men worked as Creative Directorof the French luxury
needs to be aware of social and cultural have had a big influenceon the way people design house, Louis Vuitton. Accotding to one
movements because these have a strong dress because everybodywants to look like fashion expert, he 'is the master of merging the
influenceon fashion trends. If designers, the actors and actresses.Celebrities are creative with the commercial'.He can produce
retailersand fashion buyers can predict future role models for many people, so fashion a handbag range for Vuitton or T-shirts for his
trends, they are likely to be successful in their companiestry to persuade them to use Marc line. His clothessell because 'peopleare
work. There are three main influences on their products, and Hollywood stars are proud to wear anythinghe has designed'.
fashion trends.They can be classifiedas high increasingly appearing in fashion advertising. 0
Jacobs understandscontemporary culture and
culture, pop culture and subculture. A good example of this trend is the film star is inspired by culture at all levels. His house
! Fashion designersare often influenced by 'high Leonardo DiCaprio, who has appeared in in Paris is full of artworks by AndyWarhol, Ed
culture', especially the visual arts of painting, adverts for Tag Heuer watches. Ruscha and other modern artists. One of his 29
sculpture and photography. For instance, a 4 The third influence on fashion trends is tattoos shows the cartoon character Spongebob
summer collection of Jill Sanders showed the subculture. This includesstreet movements Squarepants.He has worked with Richard
influenceof Pablo Picasso's ceramicsand the like graffiti, hip hop and other groups outside Prince, a contemporary artist, on a range
dresses of designer Mary Katrantzou have the mainstream. For instance, the surf and of accessoriesfor Louis Vuitton, and named
been inspired by the crash car sculpturesof the skateboard culture has had a lasting influence one of his fl,000 handbags after a fashion
contemporaryartist John Chamberlain. on how young people dress, particularlyon blogger named BryanBoy.These examples
their sports and streetwear. show how he is influencedby high culture
Popular cultu re (pop culture) is greatly
and streetculture. Jacobs' fashions exemplify,
influenced by celebrities. Famous athletes, 5 Fashion designers need to observestreet culture,
perhaps more than any other designer, the
film stars, televisionpersonalities and keep up with the visual arts and be aware of pop
three main influences on fashion trends.
musiciansare trendsetters.For example, culture. Aperfectexample of these influences

GRAMMAR 9b Complete the table using the phrases from

EXPRESSIONSOF QUANTITY Exercise 9a, according to which kind of noun they are
used with. Some can be used with both.
9a Look at the sentences from the conversation and
try to predict which expressions of quantity should used with countable nouns a lot of
go in the gaps in the senten<!es.Then listen to the
used with uncount ab le nouns a little
conversation again and check your answers.
1 We've got time before my next meeting. ""'+ Language reference and extra practi ce pages 144- 145
2 I've talked to the trainees and served
___ __ customers.
10 Underline the correct quantifiers in the sent ences
below. In some senten ces both are correct.
3 Not really, just customers who were a
bit difficult. 1 We met a littl e I a few Italian designers when we
4 First of all, trainees think they don't were in Milan.
need to know ... 2 They gave us some I a couple of advice on how to
5 We have rules about uniforms. improve our service.
6 I used to do all the trips on my own with 3 There will be plent y of I a lot of journalists at the
___ __ help but last year I took _ ___ _ fashion show.
of the assistants ... 4 We' ll have to do a lot of I many work when we get
7 ... we've got ideas and we'll get back from the show.
_ _ _ __ information from the organisers soon. 5 We are looking at a coupl e of I a few new designs
8 ... give customers time to make up for the spring collection.
their minds ... 11 Make sentences about the people below. Try to
9 Give them attention and - - - - - use as many of the expressions of quantity as possible.
advice ...
10 We have ___ _ _ sales assistants to do the job A few people in my country/town/family ...
properly. Some
Enough
Many
Plenty the students in my class ...
of
A couple my friends/colleagues ...
A lot
None

A lot of my friends are interested in fashion.

99
10.3 DEATH OF THE MUS\C

SPEAKING AND READING 3c Answ er th ese question s about the articlI e.

1 Wh y were overall music sales down from 2004
1 Work with a partn er to discuss the following .
ti ll recently?
1 W here do you get your music from? 2 How are CD sales doing compared to d igital sales?
2 Do you pay for your music? W hy?/Why not? 3 W hy have sales results improved recently?
3 Do you prefer to get singles or albums? 4 How did the Arctic Monkeys become famous?
4 Do you know of any trends in the music industry? 5 How are teenagers' music habits changing?
6 W hich count ry rewards musicians fairl y?
2 11!11 Listen to six peopl e talking
about their
music habits. How do the y get their music and why 4a Reacting to the text Look at th e followin g
do they like that form of music? statements. Indi cate how strongly you agree or
disagree with each statement (1 = agree stron gly,
3a Scan the articl e quickl y and decide which of th e
5 = disagree strongl y).
three people think we should pay for our music.
1 People should pay for their music.
3b Read the article again. Whi ch person says/ implies 2 People should pay for books and fi lms.
the following: the download er (D), the music industry 3 It is impossible to stop people from dow nloading
executive (M) or the artist (A)? for free.
1 O verall music sales are fa llin g. 4 W hen authors and singers die, we should not have
2 O verall music sales are up this year. to pay fo r their books and songs.
3 We should dow nload music for free and then pay
4b Work with a partner to discuss th e statements.
for what we lik e.
4 How important streaming is for teenagers.
5 W hy sales results have imp roved this year.
6 W ho had the best album in the previous year.
7 How a music group made money.

It is importa nt to look at the figures. For many years we have

Should we pay
. ?
read repo rts o n the music industry saying that overall music sales
are down due to piracy and illegal downloading. However, th is
year, for the first time since 2004, overall sales are up. Album

for our music. sales are up 1.4% to 330.57 million units from 326.1 5 million the
previous year. Adel e had the best-selling album, moving 58.2
million copies in the US alone. CD sales fell by 6%, whereas d igital
down loads rose 20% to 103.1 million.
So, t he so-called 'death of the music industry' has not happened .
This year's improved results are due to more marketing, the public
paying for d ig ital music and the powe r of social media.
However, it is clear tha t if peop le cont inue down load ing
I've supported musicians by spending music illeg ally, then the music industry and artists in certa in
hundreds of d ollars on co ncert tickets and countries will not be ab le to keep on wor king. Therefore
T-shirts. However, I've on ly paid fo r ten peop le shou ld cont inue to pay for the ir music.
CDs in my life. I like listen ing to singles
rather than to albums. I go on YouTube and
Pandora and I also download songs for free.
Record companies and some artists exp ect
the publ ic to co ntinue paying fo r music.
They want us t o believe t hat if we stop
buying music the way they have dec ided
to sell it t hen t he music indu stry will d ie .
They are wrong. They shou ld allow us to
dow nload music for free and then we can
start to pay for what we like. The Arct ic
Monkeys got famous this way and made
money. And anyway, they can't do anything
to stop peop le down loading music for free,
so they might as well join the 21st cent ury
and start suppo rtin g creativ ity.
 DEATH OF THE MUSIC INDUSTRY?

PRONUNCIATION 6b Complete the table with the ve rbs in the box. You
may want to look at a dictionar y. The verbs in b o ld are
Sa ll!ll Num bers Say the followin g figur es and all in the article.
ph rases. Then listen and repeat .
------ expect decide continue suggest adv ise
1.4% 58.2 million 20% 103.1 million 2 1st cen tury allow begin deny hate hope like love
$38.49 64% 2, 118,200 4 o ut of 5 80% ma nage promise refuse start teac h

Sb Work with a partner. Ask each other what the

figures refer to . Verbs followed Verbs followed
What does 7.4 percent refer to? by (object+) by ooth forms
Album sales rose by 7.4 percent from last year's figures. infinitive with to
expect suggest continue
GRAMMAR
I FINITIVES AND -INC FORMS
GRAMMAR TIP
6a Loo k at the highlighted phrases in th e text and
When we use a verb after a prepos ition , the verb is
choose the co rrect answer in th e rules be lo w. In one
a lways in the -ing form.
case both alternatives are possibl e.
. .. keep on working.
a expect is followed by an obj ect + the -ing form I Ve rbs for future intentions tend to take the infinitive,
infinitive with to. e .g. try to, hope to, int end to.
b decide is followed by the -ing form I infinitive with to.
c continue is followed by the -ing form I infinitive with to.
d suggest is followed by the -ing form I infinitive with to. loo+ Language reference an d extra practice pages 144- 145

7 Which two verbs in eac h se ntence below a re co rrect ?

1 She ___ dow nload ing he r music.
a enjoyed b started c hoped
2 He _ __ listeni ng to rock music .
a dec ided b cont inued c enjoyed
Most artists enjoy playing music, but if we do not pay
3 We _ _ _ to go to the co ncert.
peo pl e to record their musio,.the mus ic industry may
a prom ise b e njoy c wa nt
coll aps e, especially since music sales are decreasing. Why
wo uld anyone work for free? 4 They _ _ _ gett ing a new sou nd system.
The ways teenagers like to listen to the ir music are changing . a talked abou t b succeeded in c wa nted
64% of US teenagers mainly listen to music on YouTube. The 5 She ___ going to the cinem a.
co-writer of the song 'Heaven is a Place on Earth' only received a suggeste d b decided c hated
$38.49 for the 2, 118,200 streams the song had on YouTube
6 He ___ play ing musi c.
in one quarter. I suggest look ing at fairer ways to reward
a gave up b started c taug ht
artists and songwriters. I want us to follow the exampl e of the
Swedish people . In Sweden, 4 out of 5 Spotify users pay for 7 She __ _ to buy some tic kets.
the service. For one Swedish independent record lab el, Hybris, a hoped b suggested c tried
80% of their income now comes from Spotify.
It is not up to governments or companies to make us 8 Work with a part ner and take it in turns to ask and
choose to behave morally. We have to do that ourselves and aoswe r these qu est ion s.
pay musicians what they deserve. 1 Do you enjoy sing ing?
2 Do yo u prefer liste ning to pop music or wa tching
television?
3 What did you avo id doin g last year?
4 What did you finish do ing last yea r?
5 Whic h teac her enco uraged you to wor k the hardest?
6 Can you remember a time w hen somebody adv ised
you not to do somet hing?
7 Can yo u remembe r a time when somebody
persuaded you to do som ethin g?

101
--=
-
--
...,,,.,.,......
10.4 ·
------- --
.

. . "
SCENARIO
.
•

·s1TUATION KEY LANGUAGE

RAISING AND RESPONDING TO ISSUES
1 Read the situation below. Which problem or trend is most
serious, do you t hin k? 2a ID!I Listen to the Mayor of
Belleview, Michael Harvey , answering
Twenty five years ago, Belleview, a tow n on the east coast questions from ca\\ers on a radio phone-
of England, was well know n for its quiet charm and peaceful in programme called ' Speak Your Mind '.
atmosphere. Many peop le, tir ed of life in the capital city, came to Its presenter is Claire Maxwell. Answer
Belleview to enjoy its sunny cl imate and healthy, relaxing lifestyle. the questions.
How times have changed! Belleview 's popul ation has risen from 1 W hat are the three problems that the
60,000 to over 100,000 in the last ten years. More than half the calle rs mentio n in the pho ne- in?
residents are under 30 years old, and Belleview has become a noisy, 2 What action w i II the mayor take to
exc iting city. It has two new univer sities, many more schools and deal w ith each pro blem?
colleges, over 100 language schools fo r overseas students and a
large internati onal population. Business condit ions are excel lent:
new cafes, bars, restaurants and night club s appear each month.
But the change in Belleview's character has brought problems: dirty
not enough low -cost acco mmodation , expensive parkin g,
bad behaviou r by yc;>ung people at weekends, increased crim e, air
po lluti on. A recent proposal to develop part of the beach has also
upset many people.
 Ill
2b Listen again. Compl ete th e phr ases. TASK
1 I want to talk about the parking PARTICIPATING IN A MEETING
problem. I'm very ___ about it. 4a The Mayor of Bellevi ew has arranged a meetin g in th e to w n hall
2 Mmm, I ___ how you feel, Brenda. so th at peopl e can raise issues th at concern them . Wor k in gro ups of
3 It's a and we're __ _ four or five. Choose a rol e and read your role card.
___ vario us ways of dealing with it.
4 Thanks very much for your ___ . M ayor: Turn to page 157.
Environment officer: Turn to page 163.
5 It's the noise and awful
Resident 1: Turn to page155.
behaviour of young people on Friday
Residen t 2: Turn to page 161.
and Saturday nights.
6 W hat are you _____ ___ _ Student: Turn to page 159.
about it, M r Harvey? 4b No w hold t he meetin g. The mayo r leads th e discussion.
7 We're very ___ about this problem.
1 Discuss each problem and possible solutions. .
8 We' re taking it __ and thinking
2 Suggest wh ich three problems should have prio rity. The Counc il
about various ___ to deal w ith it.
will deal with these problems before the other ones.
9 I wa nt _ _ _ ___ _ _ you
• parking
about poll ution.
• young people's behaviour at weekends
10 I' m _ _ ___ _ you' re thi nking of
• increased cri me
l eaving our city _ __ _ _ your
• po llution
health.
• dirty beaches
3a 1?!11 Listen t o two resid ents of • proposed development at Sandy Cove
Bellevi ew talkin g about two issues th ey • student accommod ation
want to raise at Thursd ay's m eetin g. Take
note s o n th e issues.
4c Compar e your decisions wit h th e oth er group s.

3b Work wi th a partn er. Take it in turns

to summ arise one issue each.
 - ----

S\UD)' AND WR\T\NG SK\LLS

STUDY SKILLS 4b Diagrams Add some words to the word web.

Rt.CORD\NG i\NO \...Ei\RN\NG
trainers
1 Work with a partner to discuss these questions.
1 Do you find it easier to learn vocabulary or grammar? /
2 How successful do you think you are as a
vocabul ary learner?
6) -- boots

3 Whic h statement is most true for you? skirt ""' /

a I find it easy to learn and remember new vocabulary.
b I find it easy to learn new vocabulary at the tim e,
.,...... ... ...

but difficult to remember. blouse - ('CLOTHES--) - dress

' ,
c I find learningand remembering vocabulary difficult. ', ....... _......, '

2 How do yo u record and learn vocabulary? What / kimono

techniques or strategies do you have?
Exercises3, 4 and 5 introduce some diff erent
techniques for vocabulary learning . scarf accessories
3 Look at the techniques below for recording new
vocab ulary. Which do you do? Writ e 1 for always, 2 /
for sometimes and 3 for neve r. Compare you r answers hats bag
with a partner. belt
1 w rite a translation of the wo rd/phrase in your own
language __ _ 4c Pictures/ symbols Match the chart types with the
2 write an explanation of the word/phrasein English __ pictur es below.
3 record the pronun ciation, including stress __ _
4 wr ite the part of speech (verb, noun, etc.) __ _ (line) graph table bar chart flow chart pie chart
5 w rite synonyms/antonyms (words with the same/
opposite meaning) __ _
6 w rite other wo rds in the same famil y (e.g. trend - II
nou n, trendy - adj, a tren(l;/setter - noun, person) _

L
7 record collocation s (words often used together, e.g.
upward trend, fashion conscious ) __ _
8 record grammati cal patterns (e.g. verb patterns,
prepositions, etc.) __ _
It is a good id ea to organise your vocabulary in a variety
of ways. This will help you to see patterns and make
connect ions. Do Exercises4a-4c to see the different
methods. Which methods do you find useful?

4a Topic headings Match the verbs in the first box

wit h the nou ns in the second box and then put them
under the most appropriate headin g.
L
Business
build a protot ype
Sa II.II Learning vocabularyListen to six
students talkin g about how they learn vocabulary.
Write the number of the speaker by the techniqu e
build do follow launch go out value go he/ she describes.
solve start puttin g vocabular y into categories __ _
- - . a
b displaying new words on a w all __ _
c fillin g gaps in sentences_ _ _
into partnership of fashion staff a prototype
d hearing and saying words several tim es __ _
a product a problem fashion a trend safety tests
e learning groups of wo rds w ith the same origin __
f rememberi ng a key wo rd, i.e. something that
remind s you of the word __ _

6 Whi ch of the te chniqu es above are most

useful for you?

104
 WRITING SKILLS
. DESCRIBING A TREND
1
7a Comp lete th e tab l e w ith the words and phr ases in This chart shows the results of a study carried out for the
the box. Use a dictionary to check whether each word Recording Industry Association of America into spending per
or phrase is a noun, a verb , or both. person on recorded music in the USA. The study compares
spending from 1973 to 2009 across several diffe rent format s
increase drop decline level off rise fall peak of music: 8-t rack, vinyl, cassettes,CD, video and digital.
grow go up decrea se stabi lise remain stable

7b Describ e each of th e graphs below, using an

adje ct ive from th e box and a noun from Exercise 7a.
Use a dictionary t o help you decide which word s
co llo cate. There may be mor e than one possibility.

dramat ic signi ficant steady sharp slow

gradu al slig ht sudd en

1 slow fall 3 _ __ _ s ___ _ 1973 1976 1979 1982 198S 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2009

2
Overall,the survey shows that after reaching a peak in 1999

I 3
spending on music has been falling. Spending on music per
capita is nearly three times less than it was in 1999. Since 2003
CD, video and digital have all shown a sharp drop in revenue.
Between 1973 and 1975 there was a slight decreasein sales
of 8-track,vinyl and cassettes. However, from 1975 to 1979
2 4 --- - 6 __ _
all t he formats showed a fairly constant rise, although with
I
the arrival of CDs in the early 1980s revenue fell. From t he mid
1980s CD spending continued growing while that of vinyl
and cassettes went down. (Sales of the 8-track format were
completely finished by 1982.) Interestingly,the value of the US
music indust ry in 1973 was almost double that of 2009.
4
In summary, music spending in t he US has shown significant
8 Read th e extract from a report on spendin g on decline since 2000, and 2004 to 2009 are the worst five years
record ed musi c in differe nt fo rmats betwe en 1973 and since 1979.It could be that we are now seeing the greatest
2009 on the right Match each paragraph with its purpos e. fall in music spending since the industry began.
a gives th e main trend
b gives th e co ncl usio n
c gives more detail and any surprising or opp osite trend s 12 Look at the chart below showing trends in US
d gives t he source of the information and w hat it show s record ed music single sales and th e recent digit al
formats . Write a description of t he changes the chart
9 Wh at do yo u think will happe n in t he future to show s. Use the description above as a mode l and th e
music sal es? word s and phrase s from Exer cise 7.

10 Avoiding repetition Read th e report again and 4.0

repl ace th e words in bold with t he word s and phras es 3.5
in th e bo x. 3.0
2.5
condu cted findin gs find s largest decrease 2.0
a mark ed fa ll relative ly stab le small 1.5 Vinyl
sudden dec rease survey twi ce as much as 1.0
0.5

11 Whi ch verb tens es are used in the report to

indi cate changes? Find so me exampl es.

105
 Arts·and media
11.1 TYPES OF MEDIA

n the future everyo n e w ill be famous for 15 minutes . Andy Warho l, 1928- 1987, US art ist and film -maker

READ ING AND \N/\TCr . 0

1a In groups, look at the different
types of med ia in
the box. Do you use them? How often? Where? In this l!lreathtaking doeumentaryseries, Prefessor Brian Cex
takes us to tt-ie most extreme k:icationste explain seme of
radio newspap ers magazines film s TV the natwral woflders of the solar system.The groundbreaking
books intern et comp uter games ebook s apps new fi Im ing tedm iques fi Im the 5un, the magnificent rings of
-----
Saturn and OlymRUS Mon on Mars, tl1e tallestmountain in
1 b Which of the types of media from Exercise 1a do
the solar system.
you prefer for the following?
• fi nding out about news • entertainm ent
• edu cation • research I.
NASA enginee.-s have created an out-of-this-wor ld
2a Read the three reviews on this page. M atch each
. application for tab lets and smartphones t hat w ill keep
one with one of the types of media in Exercise 1a.
you up-to -date and better infor med about NASA
W hich words or phrases helped you to decide?
m issions, space science and new d iscoveries. You can
2b Inferrin g the writ er's opinion Which of the stre am live NASA 1V or view the stunning Picture s of
fo llowing star ratings do you think the critic gave at the Day. If I could only choose one application for my
the end of each review? Which words or expressions tablet, this would be the one.
helped you make your choice?

TERRIBLE * POOR • **AVERAGE ***GOOD

XX>< * VERY GOOD ***** EXCELLENT
I have to say I was disappointed with Roller
3a DD Listen to three more reviews and match each Coaster World. The graphics are just about
o ne w ith on e of th e typ es of media in Exercise 1a. adequate but t he instruction menus werf?
impossible to fo llow. Nothing exciting happens
3b Listen again and give each review a star rati ng. after you have created t he ro ller coaster. I would
t hink long and hard before buying thi s one.
 TYPES OF MEDIA 1111
The Hunger Games is the fost book of the
Hunger Games trilogy, the international
best-selling series for young adults by
Suzanne Collins. The first few pages of the
__ got me completely hooked. It's
1
It 's a laugh is an outstanding new radio 9
entertaining and very disturbing. I enjoyed ev M d . _ __ ,on
ery on ay evening. My favourite sketch of this
reading every 2__ • The dramatic life- week's is 'Shop Trek', a hj!arjoussketchbc?seo
or-deat6. J __ fs very grfppfng. Co{{{ns oa slropprng rn tile future. ·
has presented us with a great story full of
heroism, fighting and love.

4
fl/fAl1T1$hasilentFre
nch 5
.
in black and wh ite. The _ _ _ 1s
6
W \( J
nother classic horror film of the 1950s has
Holl ywood and it is set in 1929, when _ _
·been re-releasedthis week. Hitchcock's
flocked to films with sound rather than silent
Psycho, with its broodingdark 10__ _ in the
films. The 7 is Jean Dujardin and the
house on the hill and the breathtaking
s includes Berenice Bejo as Peppy Miller
shower scene in the motel. is the perfectexample
'and Uggie as Jack (the dog). It is the first French of 'edge-of-your-seat suspense'.
wi nner of the Academ y Awards ' Best Picture.

VOCABULARY Sb Can you think of any other examples to add to

D ESCRIBING BOOKS AND FILMS; MED IA GENRES th e headings?

4a Complete reviews 7-10 with the words in the box.

SPEAKING
atmosphere plot romantic comedy location 6a Choose two of your favourite TV series, books ,
chapter novel lead actor audiences cast films or computer games. Think about these questions
and take notes.
4b Find adjectives in the seven reviews that mean the • What genre or type is it (horror, science ficti on, etc.)?
following. • Wh ere and whe n is it set?
1 keeps your attention and interest • What is the basic plot?
2 extremely beautif ul • W ho are the main characters?
3 using new ideas and methods • What adjecti ves wo uld you use to describe it?
4 excellent , very good • Wh y is it your favourite?
5 very funn y
6b In groups, take it in turns to tell each other about
6 important and typical of its type one of your favourites. Listen to th e other speakers,
7 incredible and exc itin g
. ask them questions and give your opinions, e.g. Did
8 good enoug h, but not very good you know about it? Do es it sound interestin g? Would
Sa Look at th e words in the box and add th em to the you like to watch /re ad/ play it?
word web.
6cAs a group, decide which was the best description.
soap R&B crime documentary thriller quiz show Then that person retells their summary to the whole class.
horror current affairs programme reggae realit y
drama series rap hip hop anim ation WRITING
autob iography science fiction opera garage
7 You have bou ght one of the following on lin e: a film ,
DVD, computer game, novel. Write your own review
and give it a star rating. Use the reviews to help you
writ e your review.

107
1111 MED\A RECLUSES \N THE ARTS

.!:..\D ING VOCABULARY

WORDS CONNECTED W ITH THE ARTS
1 You are going to read about a famous recluse.
\\'h at do you think a reclus e is? Guess, then read the 3 Find words or phra ses in th e texts that mean the
introduction of th e article below to check yo ur answer. following.
A recluse is someon e who: 1 a very successful book (article 1, para 5)
a likes media attention. 2 a great wo rk of art (art icl e 1, para 6; articl e 2, para 1;
b avoids media attention . articl e 3, para 1)
c comes back after a period away from media attention. 3 a book about someone's life (articl e 1, para 7)
4 very successful songs or pi eces of music
2a In groups of three , each read about one recluse (article 2, para 1)
and answer the questions. 5 a very we ll-known person (article 2, para 2)
tu dent A: Read the article below. 6 payments made to a w riter of a book, song, etc.
Student B: Read the article on page 162. (articl e 2, para 2)
Student C: Read the article o n page 161. 7 a very long book or fi lm (article 3, para 2)
1 How is the person's character described in the article? 8 a very successful fi lm (articl e 3, para 3)
2 \Vhat is their most famo us piece of work? 9 peopl e w hose job it is to give their opini o ns of
3 How was their relationship with the media? books, film s, etc. (article 3, para 3)
W hat did they do later in li fe?
5 Is there anything surprising in the article?
-
2b Tell you r group about your article. Use the
questions in Exercise 2a to help you.

2c Discuss in groups . Which person / people:

•1w as/were worr ied abo ut personal safety?
2moved to the countr yside?
3pretended to be someone else?
4won an award?
5had their wo rk co nnected to a famou s crime?
6returned to his place of bi
7moved to another country?
8was/were offered a lot of money for any new work?
9didn ' t li ke travellin g by air?
10 had a book written about them by one of their children?

Out of sight,
out of mind?
In today's multi-media age, it seems no artist 2 The American writer J.D. Salinger was known as a
with something to sell can afford not to do
recluse. He did not give an int erview after 1974,
interviews and chat shows to publicise their latest
nor publish any new work after 1965. Salinger' s
product. People's interest in celebrity means we
complet e published works consist of one novel and
often know more about the artists than their
13 short stories, all written in the period 1948-59.
work. Below, our reporter Wendy Finch profiles
3
three recluses from the world of the arts who In 1997, a rumour sta rted that Salinger was goin g
decided not to play the media game. Why are we to release the first book version of his last publi shed
fascinated by the artists themselves when really story. Fans became very excited. However , because
their work should speak for them? of the publici ty, Salinger change d his mind.

'!08
 MED\A RECLUSES \N THE ARTS . 1111
SPEAKING Sb Find oth e r exa mpl es of re porte d from the
profiles of J.D. Salinger , Syd Barrett and Stanle y Kubrick
_4 Justifying opinions In groups, discuss these qu est ions.
t hat match these direct quot es. Write them down.
1 Which of the three profiles did you think was
the most interest ing? Why?
1 J.D. Salinge r: 'I li ke to write but I write for myself.'
He told a reporter that he liked to write but that he
2 Which books, so ngs and films do yo u think
wrote for himself.
1I· are masterp ieces?
3 Do you think ce lebrit ies have the right to a private 2 A professor : 'Yo u are the worst English student in the
life? Why?/W hy not? histo ry of the college .'
3 Salinger's daughte r: ' He also enjoys being with peop le.'
4 5yd Barrc>tt ;· '/ w-a/k d /o/:. '
5 , can't talk
A bald, fat man: 'Syd - .'-·
6 Syd Barrett: ' Please leave. '
Sa look at this example of how J.D. Salin ge r's words 7 Stanle y Kubrick: 'I trave l to London four or five
are reported. What two chan ges are ther e between th e times a year .'
two sentenc es? 6a Look at the exa mpl es of re ported spe ec h th at you
'I like to write but I w rite for myself.' - He told a reporter have written and answ e r th e que stions.
that he liked to write but that he wrote for himself. 1 W hat do you notice abo ut ver bs in repo rted speech?
2 W hich ve rbs are used to report the state men ts in
Exercise Sb (e.g. told)? Wr ite the m down .
4
3 Look at the struc tures follow ing the reporting verbs.
Strangel y for a futur e writer, when h e was at W hen do we use the infinitive with to instead of a
college one of his prof essors insisted he was the that-clause?
worst English stu dent in the histo ry of the coll e ge. 4 Look at the verbs say and tell. Which one needs a
Befor e writiJlg his famo us book, h e had only persona l objec t (him, her, them, etc.)?
published a few short storie s in magazin es.
5
Salinger es tabli shed his reputation with a single 6b In rep orted speech we usually change th e te nse
novel, The Catcher in the Rye (1951 ), an immed iate of the speech we a re reporting (e.g. prese nt pe rfe ct-+
bestse ller w hich still sells 25 0,000 copies p er past perf ect, pres e nt co ntinu ous -+ past co ntinu ous).
year. Itis also famo usly the book Mark Chapman How do we change the present simple and can when w e
was obsessed with, aFtd calmly reading, wh en he rep ort them ? lo ok aga in at the examp les in Exe rcise Sb.
was arrested for the murd er of John Lennon in
New York in 1980. The main characte r, Holden GRAMMARTIP
Cau lfield , is a sensitiv e, rebe lliou s teen ager
In reported speec h, we ofte n also make changes to
exper ien cing the growing pain s of highschool
pronou ns, e.g . I -+ he/she, our -+ their, and to adver bs,
and college students.
e.g. today-+ then /that day, yesterday -+ the day before.
Salinger did not do much to help publicise hi s
masterpiece and aske d th at his photogr aph
Language refe rence and extra practic e pages 146- 147
should notbe u sed in connection with it. The
pub lic attention which followed the success of the 7
Cha nge t hese se nten ces to re ported speec h. Use
book caused him to move fro m New York to the t he phrases in bra ckets to help you.
far away hill s of Corni sh, New Hamps hire. From
1 We expect our new release to be a big hit. (The
th e late 196 0s he tried to escape p ublici ty. In 1974
band said .. . )
he told a repo rter that h e liked to write but that h e
wrote for himself and his own pl eas ure. The band said that they expected their new release
- Later, h e tried to stop publication of a biograph y
to be a big hit.
which include d letters he h ad writte n to other 2 I am writing a new article today. (He said he ... )
author s and friends. In 2000 his daughter 3 I have just finished writin g a new book for my
pu blished a biograph y. In it she claimed her father pub lisher. (She said ... )
was not a recluse. She said he trav elled often and 4 Val refused to speak to the repo rte rs yesterday.
had friend s all over the world . She added that h e (He said Val ... )
enjoyed being with p eop le and was friendly except 5 We' ll finish the recordi ng tomorrow . (They said . .. )
where publi city and celebrity were conc erned.
8
8 Think about th e last inte rview yo u saw on TV w ith
Saling er refused to se ll the movi e right s to any of a fa mo us pe rson (e.g. a musi cian , act or, film- maker ,
his stori es to Hollywood and did n ot allo w film s of write r, politician , sports person ). Te ll your partn e r as
any of his works . mu ch as yo u can re me mber about wh at was said.

109
11.3 THi: FE OF :\ FORE!G:-\ CO RRESPONOE_N1

LISTENING GRAMMAR
REPORTED QUESTIONS
1 You are going to listen to a journalist, Richard, talking about an
int erview he attended for a job as a foreign co rrespondent. Discuss 4a In the conversation, Richard told
these questions . Nura about the interview. Look at the
1 What does a fo reign correspondent do? questions you ticked in Exercise 2a. Find
2 Wh at questions do you think the interviewer w ill ask the journ ali st? the reported versions of the se que stion s
in Audio script 11.2 on page 174.
2a Bii
Listen to t he conve rsation. Tick (v") the question s that Why do you wan t to be a foreign
Richard was asked in his intervi ew. corresponden t?
Wh y do you w ant to be a foreign correspond ent?
1 She asked me why I wanted to be a
Wh at parts of the worl d are you interested in ?
2 foreign correspondent.
Have you travelled a lot?
3
Do you speak any foreign languages?
4 4b Choose the correct answer in each rule.
Wh ere did you go to uni versity?
5 1 We use if or whether to report yes/no
Have you taken any furtrrer qualifi cations?
6 questions I wh- questions.
Wh at articl es have you written?
7 2 Wh en questions are reported, the w ord
8 Wh at qualities does a journalist need to be a foreign correspondent? order changes I doesn't change from
9 W hen can you start work ? the order of the original direct question.
1O Are you physicall y fit ? 3 The reported question has the same
word order as a statement I question.
2b Listen to th e conversation again and cross out the inco rrect opt ion. 4 The verb in the reported question
1 Richard has wo rked often I neve r changes tense from the
a for a local newspaper tense in the direct question.
b for a national newspaper
-. Language reference and extra practice
c in TV pages 146-147
2 He is interested in
a Australia 5 You are a foreign correspond ent.
b Argenti na and Brazil You were intervi ewe d about your job
c Arab countries by some univer sity students. Writ e their
questions below in reported speech.
3 He speaks
Start with 'They asked me ... '
a English and Arabic
b Japanese and Korean 1 Are you able to w rite notes qui ckl y?
c Spanish and Portuguese 2 Wh at tim e do you usually start work ?
4 He has 3 Do you enjoy workin g as a reporter?
a qualifications in rf and new digital technolo gies 4 Wh at do you do w hen peop le don' t
b a M asters in Media answer your questions?
c a Diploma in Communi cations 5 How much time do you spend
travelling abroad?
5 For exercise he 6 Do you eve r feel afraid in a crisis?
a goes to the gym 7 Wh at problems do you have w hen you
b goes jogging are reporting?
c does karate

3 Wou ld you like to be a for eign correspondent? Why?/Why not?

110
 THE LIFE OF A FOREIGN CORRESPONDENT 11.3

[raj\{ READING
6 W hy do yo u thin k peop le choose
Rageh Omar to be fo reign corres ponde nts? What
q ualit ies do yo u think yo u need to be a
Foreign correspondent, TV news foreign correspo ndent?
presenter and writer. Has worked for
the BBC,Al Jazeera and ITV News. 7a Identifying topics Read the extracts
Currently: Special correspondent from an interview w ith Rageh Omar , a
and presenter for ITV News. fo reign correspo ndent. Fill t he gaps w ith
th ese questio ns.
a Wha t was your best experience?
I :first became interested in my teens. I'm originally from b What advice do you have for those
Somalia and lots of my famil y have travelled far and wide, starting out?
throughout Africa, the Middle East and Europe. c W hat was you r first salary?
I saw journalism as a really good way of getting out into d W hat was you r first job?
the world and, as someone who was born in Somalia, e How did you become interested
educated in the west and is a Muslim, I fee l at home in in journa lism?
several different cultures.
7b In w hich sectio n (1- 5) can yo u fin d
t his info rm ation?
I wangled my way into a month 's traineeship at the Voice a what qualities a foreign correspondent
newspa per in Brixton but my first real job in journalism needs to have
was as a stringer* for the BBC in Ethiopia. I really didn't b whe re Rageh Omar was trained
want to go back into education, so I went out to Ethiopia c w hy he decided to be a journalist
in May 199l with £800 in my pocket in the hope of getting d w here he w as born
some work. BBC Africa said they'd take occasional pieces e w hen he fi rst went to Ethi op ia
from me. I came back a year later and was offered a job f how he was paid
with the World Service. g an experience that showed him that
jou rnalism was an important job

It's hard to single out one in particular but one moment that 8 Find words and phrases in the
was really touching was when we were covering Kosovo inte rview th at mean t he fo llowing .
along with thousands of other journa lists . We were in a 1 got something by clever, and maybe
village on the border with the Former Yugoslav Republic of dishonest, meth ods (sectio n 2)
Macedonia , doing a story about a ho sp ital. All the soldiers 2 a short period w hen someone learns
had left and we were intervie wing one of the main surgeons. about a job (section 2)
After we had switched off the camera , he said that it felt 3 to choose one th ing from many others
as though we had been with him every night. He had been (section 3)
hiding in a basement there becaus e there was no way of 4 made me realise (section 3)
getting into Kosovo and every night he would translat e our 5 discouraged, worried (secti on 5)
reports to all the others present. It brough t home to me 6 the qual ity of being honest and having
how mu ch responsibility we had. high mora l standards (section 5)
4

As a stringer I was paid by the piece. I got £45 for each SPEAKING AND WRITING
dispatch and £60 for a live radi o interview. Each month 9 Work with a partner. One of you
the BBC would send me out my little cheq ue with details witnessed an importan t news event. Decide
of h ow many dispatches I'd done. Obviously, it depended togeth er what the event was (e.g. the effect
on how much news there was around at the time but it was of an earthquake or hurricane on a city).
quite tough t o survive for that first year, even in Ethiopia. Stude nt A: You are a reporte r. Write five
questi o ns about w hat Student B saw. Then
Don't be daunted and don't be shy in any sense. If there's interview him/her.
a programme or an organisation you really like, call them, Student B: You are an eyew itness. Make
ask to come in and see them. You'd be amazed how often a few notes about what yo u saw. Then
you get a positive response. answer A' s questions.

You need that nerve but also remember it's about int egrity After the inte rview, wri te a short
and storytelling. You must be able t o listen as we ll as talk summary of it . Use reported speech.
and convey the sto ry as accura tely as possible. Anna said she had felt very frightened. I
*A stringer is a person who regularly sends stories to a news asked her what had happ ened and she said
organisation but who is not employed by them. she had felt the building shaking and .. .
j 111
11.4
----.- - - -
SCENAR\O
THE S\l VER SCREEN

51TUATtON KEY LA.NGU A...G'E...

COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
1 Read th e situation below. Wh at sort of film would
be good to invest in, do yo u think? 3a Listen again and complete the sentences and phrases.
1 AMY: ... it's very __ the kind of things we' ve
Gemini Television is a large independent broadcaster. done in the past.
They have had success in television with mini- series 2 BOB: It's the __ TV really, just everything' s
and situation comed ies. Recently the com pany bigger.
has decided to move into film -making in order to
3 AMY: .. . whic h is ___ the sort of stuff we
both raise its profi le and to increase profits. They
usually make.
have received some film proposals or 'pitches' from
directors wo rking in different countries. They are 4 BOB: .. . something _ __ what we've been
consideri ng investing in one of the projects, wh ich doing recently.
they w ill sell around the world . 5 AMY: ... unhappy housewives. ___ , I don't
thi nk the genre is that impo rtant really.
6 BOB: Actually, I thi nk the director is _ _ _
2a 1111 Listen to two executiv es from Gemini the location .
Televi sio n talking about the move into film-m aking .
7 AMY: ... diff erent places. On ___ , it' ll
Do they agree on th e dir ection they want to follow?
have more international appeal, .. .
2b Listen again. Tick (.,!") th e thin gs the executives 8 AMY : ... and find we have something _ _ _
mention. than our usual TV series.
1 the genre of the film
2 originality of the idea
3b Read the film descriptions and compare them to
fi lms which you know. Try and use some of the key
3 actors
4 experience of the dir ector language above.
5 locations used Film 1 so unds quite similar to .. .
6 how easy it w ill be to sell around the world
7 the surprise element
8 the cost "'
 Genre: romantic comedy
THE SILVER SCREEN -
Plot: Two pairs of ident ical twins, one Italian and one
Russian meet and start relati onships. They have prob lems Genre: thrill er
tel.ling the differ ence between each twin. Will they end up
Plot: A wo man picks up th e wrong bag at an airport and
with the righ t person? is mistake n for a foreign agent w ho has secret documents.
Cast: unknown actor s as need to be real twins She is chased around the world by criminals , gov ernment
Special features: ve ry romantic locations, e.g . agents and the real owner of the bag .
st Petersburg . Also will be popular in many countri es and Cast: major Hollywood star as lead actress
promote s internatio nal relat io ns.
Special features: many locati ons around the wor ld, lots of
Budget: $20- 30 million max . twists and turns in the stor y, strong possibility for a seque l,
Audience: 20 -3 5-y ear-olds and for turning the lead character into a female James Bond
Budget: at least $80-100 million
Audience: 15 upwards
(il Title: Alien
- - - -
Genre: science fiction
Plot: Story takes place 500 years in the future . The Earth is
att acked by aliens. A small group surv ive the attack and try Genre: action/adventure
to save the planet . Will th ey succeed before the alien s breed? Plot: A story of family honour, revenge, great love and of good
Cast: to be decided (by t he director ) versus evil. A young Japanese man brought up in th e USA
return s to the country of his birth. He discovers the dark secret
Special features: stunni ng special effects, exciting visually
of the famil y, and th e reason he was brought up in the USA.
Budget: $40 - 60 mill ion max. His search for the truth leads him to the Philippin es and to the
Audience: 15 upwards beaut iful princ ess Satsuk i.
Cast: young, unknown actors
Special features: superbly choreographed fight scenes
Budget: $45-65 million ma x.
Audience: worldw ide, but probably over 18 due to vio lence

TASK
CHOOSING A FILM TO PROD UCE
4 You are executives at Gemini Television. It is your job
to decide which film Gemini should make . Read the four
film descriptions again. Use the evaluation form below to
score each film out of 10 in the different categories. (10 =
exce llent, 1 = very poor) . Note down reaso ns for your score .

Hands Alien Exit Midnight

LIQ ••• Dawn Strategy Sun
Genre
Plot
Locations
CasU
a:ctor'S
S.pec:;:ial
features
l?ote11,tial
for success
TOTAL

5 Work in groups of four. Discuss the advantages and

disadvantages of eac h film and decid e in yo ur groups
.. which film you want to produce .
6a Join with another gro up and report on your
discussion a nd de cision.
6b Try and agree on a final de cision as a class.
113
 .
.
J\ND WRl1lNC SKILLS
... .,, . - --- ....,...

STUDY SKILLS 3 Expressions fo r a presentatfo n Match the

DELIVERINCAPRESENTATION
I 1a You are going to see extractsfrom two
presentations about a music and dance festival. Work
expressions to their functions. Work in pairs and
practise saying each expression.
Expressions
with a partner. Watch the first presentation , then discuss 1 I'm going to tel l you about our plans for the festival.
these questions. 2 Right, moving on now .
1 W hat is the main topic of the speaker in each extract? 3 OK, let me sum up.
2 W hat is yo ur general impression of the speaker's 4 Are there any questions you' d like to ask me?
del ivery of the talk? 5 I've divided my talk into three parts.
6 Good morn ing, everyone. Thanks for coming to my talk.
1b Watch the presentation again. Match each 7 Can you give me a show of hands, please?
statement to the correct extract, 1, 2 or 3. 8 I'm confide nt the festival wil l be a fantastic success.
a He speaks too qui etly so the audience can't hear Functions
what he says. a show ing enthusiasm
b He reads direct ly from his notes without lookin g at b signalling that the speaker will introduce a new point
the audience. c interacting wi th the audience
c He does not begin by giving a pl an of his talk. d starti ng the talk
d He forgets what the next topic is. e end ing the talk
e He puts too much on hi s slide. f stating the pur pose of the talk
f He turns his back on his audien ce_ g explaini ng how the talk is organised
g He cannot find the right place in his notes. h restating the key poi nts of the talk
h He touches his hair and tie, show ing that he is
very nervous. 4a Work with a partner . You are both going to give
the same presentation. Look at th e situation and notes
1c What other do you think he made ? below and prepare what yo u are goin g to say.
You are an organiser of a street festival (a festival with
2a You are now going to see a different
people w ho perform thei r acts in the street to passers-by)
way to present. Watch the introduction. Number th e
in the area where you li ve.
following in the order you hear them.
a I've divided my talk into three parts. u v u u --u· u v u
b Next, I' ll talk about our sponsors. Locti\tiof": iV\ the c.ity c.eV\h-e - VVIO\iV\ sqvm-e
c Finall y, I' ll discuss our plans for advertising the event. History of the fest ivQ.I: HO\S l:>eeV\ helcl for- the I01st
d I'm goi ng to tel l yo u about our plans for the festival. teV\ ye01r-S-AlwO\yS ver-y svaessfvL Veople of O\ll
e I' ll start by telling you about the kind of perform ers 01t+eV\c\. Ch ilclr-eV\ love th e fest1v0\I.
we want to attract.
°t>Q.tes : 15-20 Apnl
f Thank you for co ming to my talk .
11 O\.VVl_- h p.VV1.
2b Look at th e statements bel ow. Then wat ch ctO\V\c.er-s, pvppeteer-s,
th e whol e talk. Which six statements does the speaker GOVVlecliO\V\S, etc.., loc.o.1OIGtS O\V\ct fr oVVI O\t>r-OO\ct-
demonstrate? IV\teres t fro WI O\ll over- the wor-lcl.
The speaker: , SpeGiQ.1 e vent: per-for-VVl.:>.V\Geby o. fO\VVlovs VS SiV\0er-
1 has good eye contact wi th the audience. V\ewSp01perO\ctS, rncli o spot s, leO\f\ets,
2 exp lains clearly the organisation of the talk. poster-s
3 starts his talk w ith a joke. to sponsors : low for- o.11types
4 asks a question to the audience. of o.clver-ti SiV\0 , poster-s, OO\V\V\er-s,etc.. ThovSO\V\ctS
5 speaks very loudl y at all times dur ing the talk. of people will see the O\ctveds.
6 changes the pace of his speech and varies his intonation. Other other spe c.iQ.1 events ?
7 uses slid es clearly and effectively.
Secvrify ?
8 regularl y looks at a transcript of his talk.
9 signals that he wil l introd uce a new point.
10 is happy to answer questions at any time during the talk.

114
 STUDY AND WRITING SK1Ll5 •

..JbTake it in turns to deliver your presentat ion.

<:,,6,.()1,J,.(<S.,
questions bel ow. After the talk , give feedback to eac h
other on the presenta ti on and performan ce .

Report on Street Festi val

PRESENTAT ION EVALUATION

Rating: 1- 5
(1 =needs improv ing, 3 =good, 5 =excellent) Overall, the fest ival was high ly successfu l,
att ract ing over 50,000 peop le. The weat her was
Eye contact wit h audience?
good, although it rained heavily on the first day.
Stated the purpose of the t alk I how it was
Most of the performers were excellent and well
organised?
received by the publ ic.
Spoke clearly (not too loud or soft)? __
Spoke at a good pace (not too fast or
slow)? __ People attendi ng were mainly families. However,
Body language (confident, relaxed, no sign there were people of all ages, and a large number
of nerves)? _ _ _ from the various ethnic groups in our community. The
Slides or visual aids? acts appealing to children were particularly popular.

Total score 1-1 I /30

The majority were singers and dancers , but there
was a wide variety of acts from over 20 count ries.
Almost all of the performers started and finished
5 Prepare a short talk (five minut es) about a festival o r their acts on time . Perhaps the highlight of t he
event yo u hav e been to I regu larl y go to. Work in small festival was the music and dance routines of a
gro up s and deliver your talk to the rest of yo ur group. group from Ethiopia.
Answe r any qu estions they m ay have .
...
WRITING SKILLS There were many outlets offering hot and cold food.
A SHORT FORMAL KEPORT On the who le, people were sat isfied with the quality
of the food and service. However, some people
6a Read the report by an organiser of a street festival.
Choose th e most suitab l e heading for eac h paragraph. complai ned that the queues were too long at the
more popula r outlets and said that there needed to
a Conclusion
be a greater variety of ethnic foods .
b Audiences
c Perform ers
d Recomm en dations
The festival gave great pleasure to a large number
e Refresh ments
of people and it brought together the different
f Introduction
cultu ral commun ities within our city. In general, the
6b Wo rk with a partner to discuss the fo ll owing . sponsor s were very pleased with t he organisation of
1 What were the good points abou t the festival? the festi val. Most of them wanted to participate in
2 How can the organise rs impro ve next year's festival?

7 Making generalisations Th ere are several examp le s

of making generalisations in this report. When yo u • Ways of reducing crowds at the most popular
general ise, you say that somethin g is true about most events should be considered .
peop le o r things. Look at two examples of wo rd s/ • More signs need to be provided and a wider
p hrases used t o gene ralise from the report. variety of food offered.
Ove rall, the festival was highly successful ... • Programmes showing daily events should be sold
Most of the performers were excellent ... to spectators.
Work with a partn er to find other examp les of • Special access for mothers with young children
genera li sin g in sections 2-6 of the report. could be arranged .
• It is vital to hire more security staff.
8 Imagin e that the festiva l you talked about in
Exercise 4 has now take n place. Write a report on t he • We must start to advertise the event much earlier.
fest ival, with recommendat ion s for improving it next
year. Use 'ge neralising lang uage' where app rop ri ate.

115
 Crime
REAL CRIMES?

'
Behind every great fortune there is a crime . Honore De Balzac, 1799-1850,French novelist

SPEAKING
1a
..
Work in groups. Look at the
fo llowi ng activ iti es. In yo ur op inion , is
each one:
a quite a serious crim e?
b a crime, but not a serious one?
c not a crime at all?
• w riting graffiti
• making personal phone calls from work
• takin g small items from hotel
bedrooms when yo u are a guest
• saying nothin g w hen yo u get too
much change in a supermarket
• parking in a space for di sabled driv ers
• drivin g at 20km/ h more than the speed
limit on a motorw ay
• finding a wa llet/pu rse co ntai nin g
money and not taking it to the poli ce
• buyin g an essay on the internet
• making your CV/resume better by
not includin g inform ation or putting
incorrect informati on
• not giv ing all the facts when making
an insurance claim

1 b Think of one more act ivity for a), b)

and c) in Exercise 1a. Th en discuss yo ur
ide as in groups .

116
 REAL CRIMES? ltll
READING AND VOCABULARY 5 Co mpl ete the word web with words from the text.
CRIME (Th e first lette r of each word is given.) 1

2a Look at th e titl e of th e articl e and rea d the first

line. What does th e first line tell you abou t the title?

2b Rea d the newspaper reports and an swe r

th e questions .
1 Which story/stor ies in vo lve tak in g/trying to
j P--
take mon ey?
2 Wh ich story/stories in volve takin g po ssessions ? j_ _
3 Wh ich story/stor ies involve automobi les?
4 Wh ich story/sto ri es invo lve dam aging prope rty?

3 Which is yo ur favourite story from the t ext?

"
4 Inferring emotions How do yo u think the peo ple
highlight ed in bold in the text felt? Choose from s
th e adjectives below or use others yo u can think of.
Explain your choices to a partn er. c
wor ried
frig htened
angry surprised
confused
am used
)-

c
-

I
--- c __ _

°'--- P--

I s 6 Work with a partn er. Talk about a rece nt crime yo u

In Ontario, Canada, police Two useless car thieves
charged Daniel Glenn with were caught when they know about. Try and use some of t he vocabulary from
robbing a convenience store. couldn't unders tand how to Exercise 5. Continu e the following senten ce.
Unwisely, he telephoned drive a manual car. After
ahead to ask the sales holding up the owner of Recent ly, I heard about ...
assistant how much money the Honda in the state of
was in the cash register. Ttbe Georgia, USA, they spent 7 In groups , dis cuss th ese qu est io ns.
assistant called the police several minutes trying
who arrested Glen nearby. to wor k out how to drive 1 What is t he author's op ini on of th e cr im ina ls?
2 the car. Before they could 2 Wh ich adjectives indi cate this? Unde rline them in the text.
escape, th e police arriv ed 3 Do you thi nk all of the cri mina ls deserve a
In England, brainless and arrested them.
18-year-old Peter Addison punis hmen t? If so, what?
vandalised a children's 6
campsite building. After An inept crim inal in
smashing the building he Germany was sent to jail by SPEAKING
chose to write 'Peter Addison a judge for four years aft er
was here' on the wall in trying to rob a bank. The 8a Work with a partn er . Chec k that you know the
black marker pen. When problem was he couldn't
police tracked him down he see out of the mask he was m eaning of th e fo ll owi ng crimes. U se a di ctionary to
was also wearing a T-shirt wearing, so he lifted it to help you. Now decide how yo u co uld divide these
stolen from the crime scene, demand money from the crim es into different catego ries. Wh at co nn ects th e
proving to police they had cashier . This allowed the
the right man. police to identify him . crim es in each category?

3 7 shop lifting blackma il cybe r-stalking bribery speedin g

Police in Californ ia charged Two foolish criminals in
a daft 37-year-old San Colombia face armed smugg ling pi ckpo cketing vandalism mugging
Francisco man with stealing robbery charges for trying
a Lexus SUV. Unfortunat ely, to rob an int ernet cafe.
after stealing the car, he When they came into the 8b Work with anoth er pair and exp l ain yo ur choices.
chose to drive it to court. On cafe, they seemed to be
the same day, a j ury had to norma l customers. They 8c Work i n yo ur groups of four to discus s th ese
decide if they should convict rented two computers and
him of another unrelated sat down for a while. When questions.
car theft charge. They found it came time to pay, they 1 W hich is the most serious crime in your opi ni on?
him guilty of both crimes. took out guns, refused
to pay the bill, and stole 2 W hich cri mes are com mon in yo ur coun try ?
4 money from the cash
In Vancouver, Canada, an register. Unfortunate ly, one
armed robber held up a
of th e robbers had forgotten
petrol station. The half- t o log out of his Facebook
witt ed 22-year-old was account. Police used the Watch an intervi ew with Stefan ie
chased by the police afte r
the hold- up, got lost and so data to look up his home Bierwerth , a publi sh er, abo ut t he
address, where they found
stopped at a petrol station him, and took him to jail. appe al of crime fiction .
to ask for directions . It was Turn to page 154 for video act ivities .
the one he had just robbed.
117
12.2 THE CAUSES OF CRIME

LISTENING READING
1 Work with a p art ner. Wh at are th e m ain reaso n s 4a Read t he t ext an d m atc h o ne of th e t hree cau ses
w hy p eo pl e co mm it crim e? M ake a li st . of crim e m ent ion ed in t he t ext (genet ic, enviro nm ent,
ch o ice ) wit h each sp eak er fro m Exerci se 2.
2a IDll Liste n to th ree extracts fro m in t erv iews
wi t h crimin als. Whi ch of t h e re ason s yo u th ou ght of in 4b Rea d the t ext agai n. l oo k at t h e summ ary
Exerci se 1 are m ent io ned? st ate m en ts of t he m ain ideas be l ow an d match t h em
w ith th e causes in t h e text.
2b List en to t h e e xt ract s again. Tak e n o t es abo ut each
1 Ant i-soc ial adu lts often produce anti -soc ial c hil dren.
sp eak er und er th e fo ll owin g h eadin gs:
2 Cri min als thi nk care f ull y b efore they dec id e on a life
• Crim e of c rime.
• Age of c rim i nal 3 Yo ung people w ho behave b ad ly tend to beco me
• Reasons fo r crim e cr imin als.
• Plans for t he f utu re 4 Peo p le used to thin k t hat som eo ne's physical
feat ures w ere a ca use of c rim e.
3 Comparing and contrasting Di scuss t h ese qu est io ns
5 Some exp erts now b eli eve t hat peop le co mmit
in sm all gro ups.
crime s beca use o f th ei r genes.
1 W hat are the reaso ns w hy th ese thr ee peo pl e 6 Crim i nals con sider w hat they ca n lose and gain b y
b ecam e c rim i nals? co mmittin g a c rime.
2 D o peopl e beco me cri m in als in yo ur co unt ry fo r th e
same reasons? 4c Whic h reaso n in th e t ext d o yo u t hink is t he m ost
com m on cause of cri m e?

WHY DOWE more similar to their biological parents'

behaviour than t heir adoptive parent s',
the different of getting it, i.e. work or
crime. They are able to balancethe risks
showing a genetic link. of committing a crime, such as going to
COMMIT CRIMES? ENVIRONMENT
prison, against its benefrts, i.e. what they
gain if they aren't caught.The conclusion is
All adult s at some time or anoth er This theory states that a person's
if t here are more benefits than risks, do it,
commit a cr ime, sometimes by accident, surroundings influence t heir _behaviour.
but if there are more risks than benefits,
but w hy do so me people intenti onally Just as children learn good behaviour from
don't do it.
com mit crimes? Sociologists have put their parents and siblings,so children can
learn bad behaviour from their families In conclusion,we can say t hat research
forw ard three theori es t hat try t o explain
and ot her close relat ionships. Researchers suggeststhere are three main reasons
the causes of crimin al behaviour.
in this area argue that early anti-social why people commit crimes: the genetic
GENETIC CAUSES behaviour in childhood often leads to a argument (biological factors); the
The idea that some people commit future of criminal behaviour. It is a vicious environme ntal argument (people's
crimes because of biological factors has circle, as one expert states: 'Problem surroundings) and the choice argument (as
a long t raditio n. This theory .suggests children tend to grow up into prob lem a career decision). Although researchers
that criminals are born, not made. In t he adults, and problem adults tend to attach different weight to the importance
19t h century some people even t hought produce more problem children: of these th ree factors, most would agree
brain size and skull shape could explain that there is no one cause for criminality.
criminal behaviour. Although experts CHOICE The causes are complex and will vary
today no longer believe this, they do The central idea of this theory is that crime from person to person, and in most cases
argue t hat human behaviour can be is a career decision, an alternat ive way of there will be more than one reason for any
linked to an individual's genes. Studies making a living. Supporters of this theory particular criminal'sbehaviour.
of adopted children who show criminal argue that most criminals are rational
behaviour suggestthat t heir behaviour is people, who know what they want and

118
 1HE CAUSFS OF CR\ME

VOCABULARY 6b Look at th e examples of the third conditional in

1
COLLOCATIONS (4) Exercise 6a and comp lete the rul e.

Sa· Find words in the text that go with the nouns below. We form the third conditional with if + past _ _ _,
would(n 't) _ _ _ + ___ particip le. We can also
1 __ behaviour (xS)
use __ or might in the main clause.
2 tradition
3 link -. Language referen ce and extr a practice pages 148-149
4 _ _ _ relationships
5 circle
7 Compl ete th e sentences using the correct form of
th e verbs in brackets. Use co uld or might if possible.
6 decision
1 If they _ _ (plan) the robbery better,
Sb Compl ete the sentences with phrases from Exercise Sa. they _ _ (succeed).
1 He spent many years in prison because of his _ _ . 2 If the police __ (act) more quickly,
2 Her parents we re away fro m the house so often that they _ _ (prevent) the robber y.
she was unable to form w ith either of them. 3 If he _ _ (not dri ve) so fast, he _ _ (not have)
3 The USA has a _ _ of allowing its citizens to own guns. an accident.
4 There are some teenagers in our tow n whose _ __ is 4 The cri me rate _ _ _ (not in crease) if the last
beginnin g to anno y us - they write on walls and shout government' s polic y ___ (be) more efficient.
at people all the tim e. 5 The police _ _ (not catch) him if he _ _ (not
5 Some people make a _ at an early age, but leave) his fin gerprints on the door.
oth ers need time to decide w hat to do in their li ves.
8 M ake a conditional sentence beginning with if for
each of the situations below .
GRAMMAR
1 The negotiator did not react to the hostage crisis
TH IRD CONDITIONAL
quick ly. The hostage died.
6a Look at these examples and answer th e qu estions. 2 The police did not act decisively. The crimi nal escaped.
1 If they had done the job, more qui ckly, they would 3 The police did not apologise. Mr Wesley was
have left in time. not satisfied.
a Did they do the job qu ickly? 4 The robber forgot to take a map. He got lost.
b Did they leave in tim e? 5 The thi ef did not run fast. The police caught him.
6 The court released the pri soner early. He inj ured
2 If I had wanted to, I co1'J.d have become a top
two police officers.
businessman.
a Di d he w ant to become a top businessman?
b Did he become a top businessman? SPEAKING
3 If I had learnt to co ntro l my temp er w hen I was a kid, I 9a Read the following stateme nts. Decide if yo u
wo uldn't have hit the polic e offi cer. agree or disagree with each statement. Make notes to
a Did he learn to cont rol his temp er? supp o rt yo ur posit io n.
b Did he hit the police officer? • Crim inals are born, not made.
4 I might have tried harder if I hadn 't been unempl oyed. • Most criminal s are either greedy or lazy.
a W as she unemployed? • Crime doesn't pay.
b Did she try harder? • Petty crimes lead to serious crim es.
• Once a criminal, alw ays a crimin al.
GRAM MAR TIP • Television programmes are a major cause of crim e.
We use the third conditio nal to talk about unreal 9b In small gro ups, discuss the statemen ts above.
situation s in the past, i.e. situations that are contr ary
to the facts.
- Mylab\et
\R ROBBERIES

90 % (!!!)I

( http://www.newsonline.co/Sweden/gang
-rai;helicopter

Gang use helicopter in 3

Once the gang was inside, wft:nesses heard several loud bangs.
The helicopter hovered for 15 minutes wafting for the men
Hollywood-style raid on to load bags of stolen cash from the roof-top. One wft:ness
Swedish cash depot told Swedish 1V: 'Two men came down from the helicopter
on a rope. Then, I S<roN them pull money up on the rope'.
1
Sweden has seen its fair share of daring cash robberies Meanwhile,a policet eam was desperatelyt ryingto enter the
in recent years. T he latest raid was by a gang that landed cash depot wrt:h a batteringram.
fro m a helicopter on t o the roof of a cash depot in 4
The police were unableto call out their own helicopters
Stockholm and left with bags of money.
because explosiveshad been put at the aircraft hangar in a
bag marked 'bomb'. 'We've found what we believe is a
live bomb: a police spokesman,RikardJohansson,said.
Small sharp objects had also been placed on the road
near the depot to stop the police from approaching
the scene. 'I've never experiencedanything like it: said
a police officer; Kjell Lindgren. Another officer added:
What we know is that they broke down some kind
"- C of wall to get in. We don't want to comment on how
S I:. ""I they did rt::
5
No staffwere injured in the robbery. Investigators
said the thieveswore masks, probablyearned
automaticweaponsand set off explosivesduring
the 20-minute raid. A stolen Bell 206 jetRanger
helicopterwas later found neara lake north of
Stockholm,about 15 miles from the cash depot
6The British-basedG4S, one of the world's largest
security companies,did not say how much money
was in the depot at the time of the raid. A
2
The masked gunmen jumped out on to the roof of the G4S representative said the gang had made off w it h 'an
cash depot in the Vastbergaarea just after 5 a.m., smashed unconfirmed sum of money'. Swedish media believethat the
windows and made their way inside. Around 20 staff were depot could have been holdingseveral million Swedish kronor.
in the buildingat the time of the attack, and many had G4S offered a reward for information.
probably been involved in counting money.
Adpated from The Guardian

READING 2b Good journ alists try to answer t he fo llowing

que stions when writin g a news report :
1 Describe th e photo. Wh at do yo u think is happe nin g?
Who ? W hat? W here? When? Why? Ho w?
2a Read th e newsp aper report qui ck ly. Then, without Find th e answer to th ese que stions in the repo rt.
loo king back at the text, put t he events below in th e
correc t o rd er. 2c Looking at genre The fo llowing language feat ures
a Bags of mon ey we re loaded into the heli copters. are often fo und in newspaper repo rts: present perfect,
b There wer e several loud bangs. reported speech, dir ect speech. Find exampl es of these
c The compa ny offe red a reward . fe atures in the report.
d Robbers smashed w ind ows. 3 W o rk with a partner to discuss th ese questions .
e Robbers landed on the roof of the G4S cash depot. 1 Have there been any spectacular robber ies in
i Police found th e stolen heli copter 15 miles from the your cou ntry?
crime scene. 2 Do you th ink it is wrong w hen film s and the media
glamor ise spectacul ar cri mes? '
 SP1TTA1l »AR ROBBFRJFS

4a Find words in the text that mean the followin g. 6b Look at the sentences in Exercise 6a. Match them
1 mon ey in the form of coi ns and notes (para 1) with the meanin gs a-e below. Th ere may be more than
2 . a surprise attack on a bank or shop to steal things one sentence for each meanin g.
(para 1) a This wasn't a good idea, but it happened.
3 a group of crimin als who work together (para 1) b This was a good idea, but it didn 't happen.
4 peop\e wno see a crime or accident and can say c \t is possio\e,out not certain, t'nat this 'nappenecl.
what happened (para 3) d It is logicall y certai n that this happened.
5 peop le who try to find out about a crime or accide nt e It was not possible for this to have happened.
as part of their job (para 5)
6 money that is given to someone to thank them for 6c Complete the rule.
doin g something (para 6) The modal perfect is formed with a modal verb
(mustJshould) + _ _ + past participle.
4b Complete the report below with th e words in
Exercise 4a. Language reference and ext ra pract ice pages 148-149

Insurers have offered a large 1_ __ for informati on 7 What are your opin ion s of the robberies described
about the 2 who stole about £2m from a 3__ _ in this lesson? Wri te five sentences using mod al
processing centre. Up to seven men we re involved in perfects , then discuss them with a partner.
the 4 5
• Pol ice _ hope that the reward wi II
The robbers in Sweden shouldn't have used a helicopter.
encou rage people to contact them wit h key information
to add to the 6_ statements they have taken so far.
SPEAKING
LISTENING 8 The p erfect murder! You are goi ng to try and solve a
crime. Work in groups of six. You are poli ce det ectives
Sa Im Listen to eight speakers talking about the
and each of you k nows only th e information on yo ur
same incid ent. What are they talkin g about? What
card. Read th e news paper rep or t below , and th e
detail s can you rememb er?
information on you r card, and discuss who co m mitted
Sb Listen again. Whi ch speaker (1 - 8): th e crim e and how it was committed.
a talks about peop le in this countr y and abroad Student A: Turn to page 158.
knowing about the crime? Student B: Turn to page 155.
b says how much money was stol en? Stud ent C: Turn to page 156.
c talks about someone found some money? Student D: Tu rn to page 162 .
d says that some members of staff weren't careful enough? Stud ent E: Turn to page 1 63.
e says how big the reward was? Stud ent F: Turn to page 160.
f says too many people were invo lved?
g talks about someone who worked there being involved?
h talk s about tracing bank notes? 25 Sep tember I NEWS

GRAMMAR
his morning th e body of beautifu l
MODALS (PAST DEDU CTION)
6a Loo k at the se opinions from Exercise 5. From the
T milliona iress Susa n Shapiro was found
on the banks of Lake Minoria . The police
speak er's point of view, answer yes, no o r not sure to know from the autopsy report that the victim
the qu estio n that follows each opinion. died last night between 8 p.m. and 10 p.m.
1 They might have wanted to use the money in The small lake and surroundings have been
Europe. Did they want to use the money in Europe? searched extensively by police and divers
2 They shouldn't have stolen such a large amount of and no murder weapon has been found. It
money. Did they steal a large amount of money? appears that she was stabbed in the chest.
3 Basically, they can't have planned it properly. Did
they plan it prop erly?
4 They should have involved few er people. D id they
involve fewer
5 The £2 million reward might have got som e informers
and other criminals very interested. Did the reward
get some informers and other criminals interested?
6 Som eo ne with inside knowledge co uld have been
involved. Was someone w ith inside knowledge
involved?
7 They must have been very careless. Were they careless?
8 It couldn't have been more successful. Was it successful?

121
IL4 . NARKf
YOU, THE JURY

S:TUATION 2b lfll Listen to the discussion and answe r th ese

questions.
1 Read the situation below. Is this system similar to
1 W hat do M r Davis (D), Ms Cornish (C) and M rs
the one in your country?
Taylo r (T) think about the case? Do they each think
the accused gui lty, not gui lty or are they undec ided?
In England crimin al cases usually go to a Crown Court.
2 Do th ey manage to agree on a verd ict?
In this court there is a judge and a jury. The jury is made
up of 12 people. The jury listens to the arguments and
evidence presented by the prosecution and defence KEY LANG U AGE
lawyers. The jury then delivers a verdict: guilty or not REACHING A DECISION
guilty. The jury have to reach their verdict by discussing
3a Listen again and complete the phras es belo w .
the case together. During the trial the judge is like a
referee, making sure that both sides act fairly. The judge 1 You can look at it in two I think.
also decides on a punishment if the defendant is found 2 It to me that he's innocent because ...
gu ilty by the jury. 3 He __ to be an honest person to me.
4 ... there's some _ _ _ from one w itn ess to suggest
he was stealing the books .
2a You are going to listen to members of a jury 5 Personall y, I' m not ___ he's guil ty because ...
discussing a court case. First read a summary of the case. 6 We ll, I've made up my _ _ .
7 There's very littl e ____, as far as I' m concerned.
A young we ll -educated homele ss man went into a
8 It's to me that he didn' t intend to steal
bo okshop to get out of the cold and to read for a wh ile.
the books.
.\t some poi nt he put two books into his pocket, and was
9 I' m not sure it's as cut as that.
seen by a witness do ing this. He left the shop and sat on a
nearby bench reading one of the books. He was accused 3b Which of th e above expressions show strong
by the manager of stealing and the police were call ed. He certainty , and whi ch expressions show weak certainty?
had enough money to pay for one of the books.
 12.4 '
YOU, THE JURY
Case 1
TASK A burglar broke into the home of a woman who lives
DISCUSSING COU RT CASES
in a remote rural area. The burglary took place .at
4 Read the information abo ut three court cases 2 a.m. The woman, who is a martial arts expert, woke
on the right. Which crime: up and realised someone had broken into her house.
a invo lved peo ple eati ng somethin g? She went downsta irs quietly and, without warning,
b involved so meon e ta king pictures ? attacked the burglar. She knocked him unconsciou s
c took place in the co untryside? and then, losing control, she kicked him repeatedly.
The burglar was badly injured and spen t a long time
d we nt o n for a nu mber of month s?
hospital recovering . The burglar is now permanently
e took pla ce at night?
disabled. The woman was arrested and charged with
f involved a vehicle?
using excessive force. J
5 Work in groups of three, Students A, Band C. You
are going to discuss the cases and reach a verdict.
For each case, turn to the co rrect page and use the
A woman in her late 30s becam e obsessed with a
inform atio n in your discussion. After your discussion,
younger man of 25 who lives in the same town. He
agree on a verdict as a group - guilty or not guilty .
moved to the area a year ago and she first noticed him
If you reach a guilty verdict, decide on one of thes e
at the railwaystation as they both take the same train
punishments.
to work. They talked briefly on the platform on several
• prison (how long?) occasions. More recently, she started following him,
• a fine (how much? ) appearing outside his work and visiting places where
• co mmunit y se rvice (unpaid work in the loca l area) he meets his friends. Shie found his add ress and started
(numb e r of hour s?) taking photograpl'ls him. She also started phoning him
For Case 1: at work, and at home, and when he answered she hung
Student A: Turn to page 158. up. The man found out that she is planning to move into
Student B: Turn to page 155. a flat opposite him. After several complaints the woman
Student C: Turn to page 156 . was arrested and charged with stalking the man.
For Case 2 change roles:
Student A: Turn to page 158. Case 3
Student B: Turn to page 162 .
A 35-year-old man was driving his two children (aged
Student C: Turn to pag e 157.
five and six) to a theme park. The son and da ughte r
For Case 3 change roles again: were in the back of the car. The man gave them a
Student A: Turn to page 158. packet of sweets to eat during the journey, They
Student B: Turn to page 161 . started fighting and one of the children began to
Student C: Turn to page 162. choke on the sweets . The child could not breathe and
was in difficulties. The driver turned rou nd to help
and lost control of the car. It crashed int<;> a group of
people sitting at tables outside a cafe. Five people
were injured, two seriou sly, The man was arrested and
charged with dangerous driving.
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS

STUDY SKILLS 3 Which piec es of information are in the le'ctur e and

SUMMARISING which does each writer use in making th e summ ary?
Put ticks ( v"') in th e approp riat e places in th e table.
1 Read the extract from a writin g guide about Look at t\.udi.o scxi.pt \'2A on pa"?,e \7S to c.h eck
summarisin g. What a re the most imp orta nt thin gs to
your answers.
reme mb e r when yo u summaris e?
Summary A Summary B
; You often need to summarise something
you have read, hear d or seen. In each case you
j should pick out the main points. If you need to
summari se something writt en, for example an
2 Gives the
: arti cle or an extract from a book, it is imp ortant ma in topi c
: to use your ow n words to express the ideas. After (ho me
w riting a summa ry it is a good idea to read the sec urity).
original again to make sure you have not missed 5 Gives the
any key point s. A summary is not notes. It is a ord er in
: shorter version of the original text. whic h the
info rmation
is/w ill b@
..erese n ted.
2a Ill.IListen to part of a lectur e on hom e sec urit y.
4 Points out
What does the spea ke r say about the follow ing?
that people
1 w indow s don' t a lways
2 notes safety
3 ID ca rds chains.
4 safety chain s 5 Lists the
5 bu rglar alarm s method s
for c reatin g
2b Read two sample summaries of the lecture. Work sec urity.
with a partner to decide w hich summ ary is better.
... ---
6 Finishes
w ith a
II On t he topic of home security, t he expert mentioned conclu sion.
a number of methods to protect you and your home,
ranging from met hods that cost nothin g to some that
are quite expensive. The method s, from the cheapest 4a IFll
Listen to a lecture o n car sec urity a nd mak e
to the most expensive, were: keeping front doors and notes. Use th ese head ings.
windows closed; not leaving signs t hat you are not at • Topic • Mai n poi nts • Co ncl usio n
home; asking for ident ification; fitt ing window locks;
installing and using a safety chain on t he front door; 4b Use yo ur notes to write a summary. Remember to
fitting more secure locks to all doors; and installing a use only the main points and note if there is a concl usion.
burg lar alarm . Usi ng the se metho ds will prevent most
burglari es. [91 words) WRITING SKILL
A CAUSE AND EFFECT ESSAY

II There are a number of method s you can use to 5 Read the essay on the causes of world pover ty quickly
prevent security problems in your house. You can do and ide ntify the three main causes of world poverty.
simple thing s like closing your windows and putting
a secur ity cha in on th e front and back door or you
6 Rea d the essay again and outline th e structure of
the essay.
can put plenty of locks on the windows and insta ll a
burglar ala rm that makes a lot of noise if someone is 7 Cause and effect Underl ine all the wo rds and
t rying to brea k int o th e house. Never let anyone into phrases in the essay that refer to cause and effect an d
t he house unless you know them well. [76 words] comp let e the two stat e ments below.
Som e of the words a nd ph rases we use to exp la in the
effec ts of a caus e a re: as a conseque nce,
2c Listen to the lect ure aga in. Work with your partner consequentl y, so, __ ---' _____ _
and rea d either Summary A or Summ a ry B while you Other words and phrases are used to introd uce
are listening. Check that th e points in th e lect ure are the fact ors that are res po nsib le for a ca use,
cove red in the summ ary. Co mpare with yo ur partner e .g. ___ _, as, _____ __,
a nd d e cide if yo ur origin al decision abo ut the better one reason why ... , one of the most important reasons
summary is still tru e .
why ... , the main reason why ... .
124
 STUDY AND WRITING SKILLS
-Elm
-
Dislike of authority
There have been many studie s of world poverty and how to
reduc e it. However, writers often have differ ent definit ions
of the term. This essay focuses on absolute poverty. This can
Juveniles ignore the instructions
be defined as a stat e where people do not have access to basic of teachers , the police . etc .
human needs such as food, shelter, cloth ing and adequate
health care. The essay aims to hi ghlight the three main causes
of poverty in the world. If these can be identified, government
efforts to reduce it will be more effective. As a result they take greater risks when
cautioned by authority figure s.
It can be argued that the most important reason for poverty
is over-populat ion. There are simpl y too many people in some
coun tries, or in are as of those countri es. As a r esult, there 9 Look at the diagram above. It shows how a cause
are not enough resources to suppor t the population . In many (first bo x) can have effects (second and t hird boxes).
developing countrie s, people live by farm ing, hun ting and These boxes can be lin ked usin g some of th e wo rds
gath ering food. However, the land can only support a certain an d phrases from Exercise 7. Co mpl ete the paragraph
number of people. If ther e are too man y people, the result from an academi c essay about risin g juvenile cr im e
is hunger and poverty. It is a vicious cycle: poor families are below . Use words and phrases from Exercise 7.
often bi g families because children are a source of labour
and additiona l income. However, big familie s increase the of rising juvenile crime is the dislike
population and create more poverty. of authority shown by young people. 2_
A second reason for world poverty is lack of educatio n. A large of th is dislike of authority, juveniles ignore the
numb er of people living in poverty are illit erate, as th ey must instructions of t heir teachers, the police or ot her
concentrate on making a livi? g and have no time to educate people in authority. 3 they take
themselves. Or it may be that they have no oppor tunities
greater risks wit h th e law even when t hey have been
' to learn to read and vrrite. In many countries , th er e are no
caut ioned by these aut hority figures. They get int o
elementary or secondary schools, therefore the ir rates of
illiteracy are very high . Witho ut education , it is very difficult trouble and commit crimes.
for people to get jobs and earn money, so t hey fall into the
poverty trap. Nelson Mande la once said, 'Education is the most 1 Oa You are going to w rit e an academi c essay w ith
powerful weapon which you calf.use to change the world.' the title: What are the main causes of rising juvenile
Finally, the third main cause of poverty is a poor or non- crime? In groups , discuss these possible causes fo r the
existent health service in a country. In many poor countries, rise in juvenile crime. Can yo u th ink of any others?
people who are sick cannot get good healt h care. Because of • Poverty
thi s, the y become unhealthy and contr act serious diseases. • Breakdown of the family unit
Without good health , people cannot work well or learn new • Single parents
skills. Stud ies have shown that if a health system in a country • Rises in truancy
is improved, more people are able to move away from poverty. • The rise of materialism - wanting expensive toys
It is possible to find many other causes of world poverty in and gadgets
academic literature, for example, unequal income distribution ; • Gang culture
th e high cost of living; economic trends , to name but a • Dislike of authority
few. Since the resources to r educe poverty are limit ed, it is,
therefore , essential to focus on the main causes of poverty. If 1Ob Write the essay using the following structure.
governments concentrate on controllin g population growth, Outline Structure: Introduct ion; Three paragraphs for
increasing educati onal opportunities and providing a high the main body of the essay; Concl usion
quality health service, the resources will be used efficiently. Intr odu ctio n: State w hat the essay is abo ut, define any
diffi cult terms, show the current relevance of the topic
and say how you are going to organise yo ur essay.
8 Match 1-4 with a-d.
Thr ee main paragrap hs: Select three causes for the
1 The number of vio lent crime s comm itted by ri se in j uvenil e crim e from the o nes you discussed in
ju veniles has increased. Exercise 1Oa. Using one paragraph for each cause,
2 On e reason w hy ju venil e crim e has increased describ e the effect they have had on ju venile crime. Start
3 Crime has risen recently w ith the cause yo u feel has had the greatest effect.
4 The fami ly unit has broken down recentl y.
Conclusion: Using tw o or three sentences, summa rise
a As a result, crime has risen. wh at you have w ri tten about.
because of a breakdown of the famil y unit.
the decl ine in the number of comm unity centres 11 In small groups , read each other 's essays. Mention
'fe ring activiti es for young peopl e. the goo d points of the essays and say how the essays
Consequently, many youth co rrecti on centres are co uld be impro ved. Comm ent on both the co ntent
overcrowd ed. and language of the essays.
125
 LANGUAGE REFERENC E

GRAMMAR We usu ally onl y use who, what and whi ch t o ask
subject que stion s.
[Jilll QUESllON FORMS
Who wrote the test?
PRESENT SIMPLE QUESTIONS What happened last night ?
Use pre sent simple qu estions to ask about regular
or habitua l act ion s and general truths or states. In SIMPLE AND PRES! NT
que stions wi t h the verb to be and with moda l verb s, CONTINUOUS
put the ve rb before th e subject. Use the pre sent simp le to descr ibe:
Am I a suitable person for the job ? • a regular or habitual action.
Can they take the test today? She usually takes the train to work.
W e often use adverbs or tim e expre ssion s of
With oth e r questions in th e present simple , use the frequ ency w ith thi s use of th e present simple : o ften,
auxi liary verb do/doe s. usually, sometime s, on ce a wee k, twice a mo nth.
Do you feel happ ier about college now? • a fact or general truth.
How o ften do they travel to work togethe r? Many people don't believe in horoscopes .
PAST SIMPLE QUESTIONS Bill Clinton spends mos t of his time in the USA.
Use past sim ple que stion s to ask about a past action . Use the present continu o us to describe:
Form thi s qu estion in the sam e way as the pr esent • an acti on happening around now (often temporary).
simple , but put th e auxi li ary verbs in th eir past form. Sorry, she's speaking to someone at the momen t.
Was she very intelligent when you knew her? We're currently looking for new people.
Did you feel embarrassed when it happened? • a trend or changing situation.
PRESENT CONTINUOUS QUESTIONS Prices are rising steadily at present.
Use pre sent continu o us question s to ask about an More and mo re people are learning English.
acti o n happ ening at th e mom ent or around th e time • a photograph or a scene.
of speakin g o r about a changin g situati on. Form thi s In the photograph, the two peo ple are talking.
qu estion by putting th e verb to be befor e th e subj ect. -,rAH vums
Is he interviewing student s at the mom ent? State verbs d escr ibe som ethin g passive o r a stat e
Are they considering what to stud y at university? (for exampl e, t he ve rbs b e, like , be liey e, understan d,
PRESENT PERFECT QUESTIONS kn o w, pre fer, dep end). W e rare ly use state ve rb s in
Use this qu estion to ask about th e recent past or an t he continuou s.
event at an unkn own tim e. Form t his que stio n by I know lots of ambitious people. ../
pu tt ing the verb has/have before t he subje ct. I'm kno wing lots o f ambitiou s people. x
Has Martin found out his score?
Have the y ever m easured their intelligence? KEY LANGUAGE
Don 't use the auxili ary do/d o es with que stion s in GIVING OPINIONS , AGRHING AND

I th e presen t continu o us and present perfec t.

Do you -.vorking at the m oment? x
Do you ha-.·c finished your work? x

flifJI SUBJ!-CI AND OBJECT QUES

OISAGRHING, MAKING
In my opin ion, .. . I suggest. . . I suppo se ...
I don 't know. Wh y do n't w e ... ?
OK, how abo ut ... ? I acce pt th at. (W ell,) it's t rue.
I can' t agree, ... N o, that ' s out of t he qu estion .
Subject qu estion s ask abo ut the subje ct of a
sentence. VOCABULARY
subject [D PLR50NALITY
i adve nturou s, amb iti ous, assert ive, bo ssy, cautious ,
Who designed the IQ tests? cr eativ e, easy-go ing, ene rgeti c, enthu siasti c,
Philip Carter designed the IQ tests. even-t empered, genero us, hard- wo r king,
level-headed, lik eable, moo dy, open-mi nded,
Obj ect q uestion s ask ab o ut th e object of a sentence.
organi sed, qui et, rel iable, rese rve d, self-con f id ent,
object sensible, sensitive, ser io us, shy, sociab le,
i stron g-will ed, ta lkat ive, th o ughtf ul, war m-h eart ed
Wh at did Philip Carter design?
He designed the IQ tests .
anti so cia l, b icycl e, b ilin gual, di sco mfo rt, di slike,
For subj ect q uestion s, don 't add an auxiliar y ve rb. ex-baseball playe r, ex-bo ss, ex-p resident, ex-tycoo n,
Who gave you that present? ../ mi sbehave, m isund erstan d, mi suse, m o no rail,
Who did give you that present? x o utpe rfo rm, o utr un, ove rconfid ent, ove rshad owe d,
redefin e, redo, rew rite, semicircle, und errated,
un de ru se

126
 EXTRA PRACTICE
llilm 1 Write the missing words in sentences 1- 10. 4 Complete the dialogue with phrases a-f.
1 A: __ he the right person for the job? Th ere is one extra phrase.
B: Yes, I' d say so. a I can't agree d I don' t know
2 A: ___ you feel better about taking the test? b I suggest e it's true
B: Yes, I' m less nervous now I know w hat it is. c I accept that f In my opinion
3 A: he wor k we ll in a team? A: 1 w e empl oy Sandra. She's the most cheerful.
B: Yes, he's good w ith other people. B: Well, 2___ that she was the happi est of everyo ne,
4 A: Wha t exactly __ _ your horoscope say? but 3 - she has absolutel y no previous
B: The same as usual. That I' ll be lu cky this w eek. experience.
5 A: ___ they all their homework? A: But yo u don't need experience to answer the phone.
B: Yes, they have. B: 4
_ _ _ . How yo u answer the phone can make the
6 A: What _ __ you w ork ing on at the mome nt? diffe rence in business.
B: I' m work ing on a proposal for a film. A: Do you think we could train her?
7 A: ___ we ask yo u a few questions? B: I' m not sure. , that w ill take too much time
B: Yes, of course. and money.
8 A: W hen _ __ Carl Jung born ?
B: In 1875. 11111 5 W rite t he missing vowe ls in th e adjectives.
9 A: W hat _ he study at uni versity? 1 You need to be an _ d v _ nt_ r__ s sort of person to
B: Medi cine, from 1894 to 1900. go climbin g in the mountain s.
10 A: he his fin al exam? 2 Don 't be too c __ t _ __ s about saying w hat you
B: Yes, he took it last wee k. think in meetings.
3 Running at 6 a.m. looks a bit too _n_ rg _ t_ c for me.
2Read the sentences and complete the
I prefer sleepin g.
questions. The und erlined wprd(s) should be the
4 Don' t talk to him. He' s alway s m _ _ d y on a
answer.
Monday mornin g.
1 Bill Clint on is an ex-President. 5 Gill is one of our most r _ I __ b I_ empl oyees. She's
W ho is Bill Clinton always on time.
2 Myers designed the test. 6 You look rather th _ _ g h tf _ I. What are you
Who ? considerin g?
3 Oprah W infrey owns se..v.eral houses. 7 People w ho are _p_n - m_nd _ d are often good
Wha t listeners.
4 Mari lyn Monroe married Joe DiM aggio. 8 Thi s job needs someone who is s_ lf -c _ n f_ d_nt.
Who
5 He can speak three languages. 6 Comp lete th e words w ith th e prefi xes in
How many ? the box.
6 is my favo urite time of the year.
W hat out bi anti over re under dis mi s
---
7 My bo ss is the reason I' m leavin g. mono ex-
W hat
1 --- soci al 6 - - - shadowed
2 _ __ cycle 7 define
3 A univ ersity lecturer is interviewin g a new
__ perform
3 _ _ _ comfort 8
student. Write the verbs in th e present simple or
4 _ __ president
present continuous. --- understand 9
A: How 1___ you ___ (study)? What 's yo ur 5 - - - rail 10 - -- rated
approach?
B: We ll 1 2__ (work) really we ll earl y in the
7 Complete the sentences with words from Exercise 6.
mornin gs. Most of my fri ends stay up late, but I 1 Can I borro w your _ _ ? It's too far to wa lk.
3_ _ (prefer) to go to bed early. 2 Every time I ask you to do somethi ng, yo u seem to
A: So do you find it diffi cult to wor k w ith others? _ _ what I say.
B: Not necessarily. 1.t 4 (depend) what the task is. 3 This new fi lm is . The crit ics said it was
For exampl e, at the moment I ; ___ (wo rk) w ith borin g, but I thought it w as great.
a group of peopl e. We 6_ _ _ (set up) a club for 4 M y brother was always better than me at school and
young kids in the town centre. co mpl etely ___ me.
A: Reall y? That's good . Now, 7__ you _ _ 5 At the airport , take the _ __ from one term inal to
(know) about the exam at the end of every term ? the other. It's faster than the bus.
B: Yes, I read about that.
A: How do yo u fi nd exams? 8 M ake fiv e mo re sente nces with th e oth er words.
B: Well ! I 6_ (get) wo rried before exams, but I
th ink I 9__ (get) better at staying calm .

127
-
:::::: 2 LANGUAGE REFERENCE

GRAMMAR • already is used in affirmative sentencesand questions

to refer to an event close to the present that has
Bii PAST SIMPI E
happened.
Form the past simpl e of most regular verbs by addin g
We've already done that. What's next?
-ed to the end of t he ve rb.
• yet is used in questions and negative sentences to
jump - jumpe d
refer to an event that is planned or expected, but not
last - lasted
completed.
W ith ver bs end ing in -e, add -d on ly. I haven't had time to do it yet.
dance - danced
We use already and eve r before th e main ve rb,
die - died
Wit h verbs ending in -y, remove -y and add -ied.
carry - carried
hurry - hurried
I bu t yet com es at t he end of the sent ence.
I have already finished it.
Sorry, I haven 't finished it yet.

.. PRESENT PfRHCl AND PAST

Wh ere a verb ends w ith t he lett er tor d, the -ed is an Th e present perfect and past sim ple both refe r to the
extra syllabl e and is pronou nced / 1d/ . past, but the pre sent pe rfect doesn 't nece ssaril y say
lasted / la:st1d/ or impl y when somet hin g happened.
landed / lcend1d/ We've already found someone suitable.
For other ve rbs the -ed is pro nou nced eith er / t/ or Th e presen t perfect and past simp le can both refe r
! di, d epending on the sound at th e end of the ve rb. to finish ed acti ons, but t he past simple refers to a
jumped / d3lilllp t/ spec ifi c past time and t he present perf ect to a t ime
received / n'si:vd / co ntinuing up to now.
Many co mm on ly used verbs have an irregu lar past We looke d for someone suitable last year.
simple form. For examp le: We've look ed for someone suitable this year.
become - became lead - led D We rarel y use adv erbs such as ever, already, yet
begin - began take - took I w ith the past simp le.
write - wrote go - went
Use the past si mpl e to refer to fi nished actions t hat KEY LANG UAGE
are in the past. ADVANTAGESAND
I began school in 1989 . "' DISADVA!'\TAGES,MAl-.ING SUGGESl IONS
He se t out across Europe in 12 7 7. Th ere are arguments for and again st.
We ofte n use the past si mple w hen we know o r O n t he one hand .. .
say the exact time of th e acti o n and w ith t im e O n t he other hand .. .
ex pressions such as yesterday, last week, in 1271. Another disadvan tage of ... is that ...
I think we shou ld ...
Ea PRESENT PERH:CT It'd be a good idea to ...
Form the pre sent perfect with has/have ('s/'ve) + I suggest we .. .
past participl e of the ve rb. How about . . .
She's sailed round the world. Another dra wbac k of ...
They' ve climb ed Mount Everest. That 's a big bonu s fo r th em .
Use th e present perfect to talk about:
• finished actions in a time period that cont inues up to
VOCABULARY
now. We often use time expressions such as toda y, .. TRAVEL
this week , this year. abroa d, destination , hom e, journey, package holiday ,
We've been really busy all week. trave l (n), trip
You've worked hard all year.
• experiences in our lives w hen we don't say whe n they .. TRAVEL EXPRESSIONS
happened. We often use adverbs such as never, ever , become mo re ind epen d ent, become more
alread y, yet, just. • self-confident , broa den yo ur horizon s,
Have you ever visited their house ? broadens th e mind , do vo luntar y work, earn money ,
They've never climbed Mont Blanc. escape poverty , exper ience different cultures,
explore new p laces, fi nd yo urse lf, get away fro m it all,
ALREADY, YET AND EVER learn a new language, learn new skill s, meet new people ,
Th ese thre e adverbs are often used in co njunction see new sights, study for qualifications abr oad
w ith the present perfect:
• ever is used in questions to refer to any time up to the .. PHRASAL VERBS
present. break down, carry o n, check in, get back, li ft off,
Have you eve r been to Germany? look aro und, set out, stop off

128
 •
EXTRA PRACTICE

1 Compl ete th e text with the past simpl e form 5

Put th e words in the corre ct ord er, to make
of the verbs in the bo x. expr essions.
1 On the co ld.
lead start have cross run stop be
o ne I hand I it's
fl y com pl ete
2 O n the beautiful.
Sir Ranulph Fiennes 1 ___ born in 1944. In th e army it's I other I hand
he 2_ several expeditions, includ ing a hoverc raft 3 There are for
expedition on the W hite Ni le and crossing from the arguments I against I and
North to the South Pole . He 1 the Antarctic on 4 Ano ther is that __ _
4
foo t, but seven years later il lness ___ hi s so lo trek expensive I disadvantage I it's
to th e Nort h Po le and in 2003, he 5___ heart surgery 5 It'd be to _ _
t o save his li fe. O nly four months after the operatio n, he a I idea I ask I peopl e I oth er I good
6
seven maratho ns in seven conti nents in seven 6 I thi nk see
days. He 7 in Santiago, Chil e and then 8 to should I w hat I we I say I they
the Falkl and Islands, Sydney, Singapore, Londo n and
Cairo . He 9 the marathons in New York. 6
M atch the words in th e box wi th th e
meanin gs below .
2 Speaking practice Work with a partn er to talk
abroad travel destinati o n journey tri p
abou t:
package hol iday
• one th ing you did last weekend.
• how you celebrated your last birthday. 1 going to different places
• w hat you learnt in your last English lesson. 2 in a d ifferent country __ _
3 the time spent travellin g from one place to another,
3 Put the w ord in br ackets in th e co rrect place often ove r a long distance __ _
in each sentence. ' 4 a short jou rney, often for work __ _
1 Have you been to France? (ever) 5 w here you' re trying to get to __ _
2 I've to ld you that - don't ask me again. (already) 6 a holid ay that has a fixe d price and inclu des travel,
3 Bill and Martin have seen it so let's watch it now. accommodation, etc. _ _ _
(never)
4 Haven't you fini shed (yet) 7 Matc h th e sentence halves.
5 Have you fin ished you r lu nch? (already) 1 They say travel helps yo u to fi nd
6 W hy haven't you told me? (ever) 2 You should broade n
7 I haven 't had time to speak to her. (yet) 3 I prefer to explore
8 Has he been late for class? (ever) 4 Most peopl e j ust go abroad to
5 Travel makes you beco me
4 Write the wo rds in brackets in t he past 6 I lik e places w here you experience d ifferent
sim pl e o r the p resent perfect. 7 We saw some incred ible
1 They ___ (cl imb) Mount Everest tw ice before and a more independent.
are going for a thi rd time this year. b yo urself, but I thin k it's ju st run ning away.
2 _ __ you ever _ _ _ (ride) on a camel? c new sights.
3 W hen he (di e)? d your horizo ns w ith a journey.
4 he (have) tim e to see Mart in last e get away from it all.
w eek? f cultures.
5 He (j ust announc e) another attempt to reach g new places and meet new peopl e.
the South Pole.
6 She ___ (raise) money fo r charity last year by 8 Choo se t he co rr ect answe r.
c rossing the desert.
1 Did yo u have time to loo k out /a round?
7 I ___ (never li ve) abroad. What's it like?
2 We set out /in on our adventure as the sun was
8 We ___ (meet) loads of wonde rful people when
rising.
we we nt to Ethio.pia last year.
3 Ask the taxi driver to carry on/along to the end of the
9 How many exams ___ yo u _ __ (have) so far
road .
this mon th?
4 Let's stop out/off at the temp le on the way .
10 I ___ (visit) so many countrie s in my life that I
5 How do you get out/ to the market?
can't remember them all.
6 What time does he get return/ back from wo rk?
7 How many hour s before we fl y do we have to
c heck out /in?
8 W hat tim e is she going to get back / away from
her trip ?

129
 LANGUAGE REFERENCE

GRAMMAR KEY LANGUAGE

Ell PRESENT PE.RfECT CONTINUOUS ASKING QUESTIONS , GIVING ANSWERS
Form th e present perfect continuou s with have/has FRAMING QU ESTIONS
('vel's) + been + -ing. I'd also lik e to know ...
He's been working from home . I'm (also) int erested in knowing .. .
Employers have been in vesti ng in video conference A que stion we like to ask all our .. .
technology. I was wo nd eri ng w hat/ if/whe n ...
A quest io n now about ...
We use the present perfect cont inuou s to talk abo ut
actions and situ ations that continue into the present . let me follow that up with anothe r question.
I've been studying at Oxford Univ ersity for two years Moving o n, can/cou ld yo u tell me ...
(and I am still stud ying there). Just o ne last/fina l q uestio n ...
They've been talking on the phone for two hours FRAMING ANSWERS
(and they are still talking). I'm glad you asked me th at.
W e often use the prese nt perfect cont inu ous with That's a very good q uestion .
th e tim e expressio ns since and for. Use since to refer Wit hout going into too mu ch detai l, ...
to a point in time and for to in dicate a period of time. l et m e just t hink about that for a mom ent.
I've been stud ying at Oxford University since 2006. I thoug ht you mig ht ask me that.
I've been studying at Oxford Universi ty for two years. I haven't really t houg ht about that.
I'm not an expert, but ...
since I'm afraid I don 't know the answer to t hat.
NOW
VOCABULARY
f - --- --- -- - -- - -- -· for · - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +
BJ WORK ADJECTIVES
We don 't usually use state verb s w ith the challengin g, exc iting , fl exible , glamorous,
co ntinuo us form . monotonous, repetitive , rewa rding , satisfying,
I've bern knmNing John for years. x stressful , stimul ating, tedious
I'v e known John for years. v'
DEPENDfNI PRl-..POSITIONS
ID PRESENT PERFKT "IMPlF AND PRESENT abi lit y to, depend on, expecte d to, exper ience of,
PfRflCT CONTINUOUS fluency in, knowl edge of, look for, motiv ated by,
prospects for, report to, respon sib le for, suita ble for
We use the prese nt perfect simp le to emp hasise:
• that an action started in the past and is completed. lllJIEXPRESSIONS CONNl:CT£D WITH TIME
I've prepared the leaflets you asked for. AND WORK
They've intervi ewed everyone. spend time , time-consuming , ti me management ,
• the result of the activity (for example, by tell ing us how work- life bal ance, wo rkstation
much or how many).
We've asked over five hundre d people.
He's done all his homework.
How many peopl e have you in terv iewe d ?
How much of your wo rk have you done ?
We use the pr esent perfect cont inu o us to emphas ise:
• that an action started in the past and is still continuing.
She's been working here for over three years.
We've been writing letters to all the candidates.
• the activity and its duration (for example, by telling us
how long).
Roger has b een playing tennis for years.
Roger has been playing tennis since he was a boy.
How long have you bee n work ing here?

130
 •
EXTRA PRACTICE I&
1 Comp lete the sentences with for or sinc e. 5 Put the words in the corre ct order to make
1 · 11 ve been tryi ng to call yo u ___ hours - w here expressions.
have you been? 1 one I last I question I just I .
2 __ the last six years he's been living in France. 2 I' m I you I asked I that I me I glad I .
3 She's been studyi ng Engl ish _ _ she left school. 3 question I good I that's I a I very I .
4 _ __ 1990 , the council have been spending much 4 just I think I for I a I let I about I that I moment I me I .
more on public transport. 5 thought I that I really I I I about I haven't I .
5 I've been looking for that _ _ _ weeks - where di d 6 you I might I me I thought I ask I I I that I .
you find it?
6 Match the descriptions of people 's jobs with
2 Complete the sentences with the words in th e box. the adj ectives in the box.

yo u since watchi ng been long haven' t flexible glamorous stressful challenging

has for hasn' t teaching having rewarding

1 Rose __ been building thi s house _ _ 1995. 1 'I' m a Holl ywood actress. I' ll be at the O scars next
2 I've _ _ _ reading al l day. month. '
3 How have _ been wo rking here? 2 'We w ork long hours and take compl aint s from
4 They __ been studying hard enough. They must members of the public. I need to see a doctor!'
wo rk harder.
5 We' ve been at this school _ _ two years. 3 'As long as I wo rk 35 hours a week my boss doesn't
The kids are great. mind w hen I wo rk. So some days I start at 9 a.m.
6 He ___ been getting enough sleep. He' s really and some days at midday.'
tired. 4 'I work w ith a childr en's charity. It's hard wor k but
7 She's been _ __ guitar lessons for ages, but she I really feel I'm helpin g people.' _ _
still can't play a tune. 5 'The next expedition is through the Amazon
8 I don't know what happened in the series. I haven't rainforest by boat.' __ _
been the TV recently.
7 Match the sentence halves.
3 Choose the correct verb form. 1 We' re lookin g
1 We've prepared I bee'n preparing three boxes and 2 I wo uldn' t depend
they're all ready to be sent. 3 We need someone w ith flu ency
2 Can you take over? I' ve packed I been packing these 4 Knowledge
all morning. I need a rest. 5 My experience
3 Have you waited I bee n waiting long? 6 You' ll report
4 How long have we driven I been driving now? 7 There's good prospects
5 I've written I been writing fifty letters so far today. a in Polish.
6 We've only seen I been see ing the fir st five minut es b to me.
of the fi lm, so sit down. c on her to remember.
7 How long have they been I been being here? d of management is limited.
8 I've worked I been working all morning, so I'm e for promotion .
really tired. f of Java programming would be helpful.
g for a candidate w ith a degree.
4 Write th e missing prepositions in
sentences 1-6. []Ill 8 Complete the sentences with either work
1 I'm also interested _ _ knowin g about your or time.
last job. 1 Don't spend too much ___ o n thi s.
2 A question now __ your long-term ambition s. 2 We don 't have our own offices where I wo rk, but
3 Moving _ _ _ , can you tell me w hy you want I have my ow n _ __ station.
the job? 3 You can improve your ___ management w ith
4 Let me fo llow that _ _ _ w ith another question . proper pl anning.
5 Without going ___ too much detail, can you tell 4 Nowa days more and more people are trying to get a
us why? good __ - life balance.
I'm afraid I don't know the answer that. 5 Meetings are really _ _ _ -consumin g and not
always useful.

111
 LANGUAGE REFERENCE

GRAMMAR Wl-IEN AND AS SOON AS

When and As soon as can replace if in t he first
.. FUTURf
condit ion al. We use th em when we are very ce rtain
WILL t hat somethin g w ill happen.
Use will ('//) to: When they arrive, call me and I'll meet them.
• make decisions and promises at the time of speaking. As soon as they arrive, we'll start the meeting.
1-fe hasn't arrived yet, so we'll just have to go

i
W e never use a futur e ten se with th ese tim e
without him. expres sions.
Sorry, I'm a bit busy. I'll call you back in five minute s. When the train will I'll give you a call. x
• make predictions about the future.
Don't worry, I'm sure you'll pass your exam. KEY LANGUAGE
We often int roduce the will futur e w ith wo rds and ACCEPl ING AND REJECTl:'\G IDEAS,
expressions lik e think , probably , it's (un)lik ely, C01'61DERING CONSl.QUE\lCES
I'm certain.
I (don't) thin k you' ll be able to learn Spanish. ACCEPTING IDEAS
They'll prob ably call us before they leave. I think you 're right .
It's (un)likely that we'll stop for a meal somewhere. It's an intere stin g thought.
I'm certain Rachel will be there. That's a g reat idea.
OK, good idea.
GO ING TO Mmm , maybe yo u' re rig ht.
Use goi ng to to talk about pl ans or intentions Mmm , we ll, yes.
(some thin g whi ch yo u have alread y deci ded). That 's a good point.
We're going to visit my friends next week. Yeah, right.
They're going to watch a film tonight.
REJECTING IDEAS
THE PRESENT CON TINUOUS (Mmm,) I do n't know abou t th at.
Use the present co ntinuo us to talk about fixed futur e I'm not sure abo ut t hat.
arran gements, usually invo lvin g other people. I'm afraid I don 't lik e that id ea.
I' m meeting Peter at the cinema at seven. I'm not in favo ur of it.
Nobody else is coming to the party.
CONS ID ERING CONSEQU ENC ES
BJ FIRST CONDITlt>NAL If we do that, what w ill happe n?
Form the fir st co nditional in th e following way: What will th e effects be?
if-clause + main clause Let' s think this throu gh.
if+ present simpl e will/may/might/shou ld, etc. OK? What 's the prob lem?
Maybe, but think about t he co nsequ ences if we leave
If people only learn English at school, other languages
t hem out.
will die out.
If you come to my house first, we can go together.
If he asks you for help, you should say 'yes'. VOCABULARY
We don't use will in th e if-claus e.
ll'ICJ LANC...UAGlLEARNING
acce nt, bilin gual, d ialect, false fri end , fo reign
If peopl e on11t' karn English at school, other
language , gramma r, native (adj ), pronun ciation ,
x
seco nd language, slang
Use th e fir st cond ition al to talk about real
possibiliti es. .. PHRASAl VERBS
If they don ' t hurry , they' ll miss the plane! catch o n, fall behind , get by, keep up with , let down ,
I'll revise more if it helps me p ass the exam. pay off, pi ck up, take up, take off

We can put the main clau se fir st. If w e do this, we .. BRITISH AND AMFRICAN MONl::Y IDIOMS
don't use a co mma. go o n a spendin g spree
I might buy a car if I save enough money. look like a million dollars
splash ou t on
UNLESS
be broke
Unless mean s th e same as if n ot.
rip (someone) off I be ripp ed off
Unless we prot ect languages, they'll become extinct.
pass the bu ck
= If we don 't protect languages, they'll become extinct.
a cheapskate
W e don 't use a negative structur e in th e

I
tig hten you r belt
unle ss-clau se.
Un'.'css we don't protect languages, they'll become .. TYlE
extinct. x approp ri ate, co nte xt, famil iar, formal, fri endl y,
hum oro us, inform al, medium, polit e, register

132
 4
.. .
EXTRA PRACTlCE

1 Write the words in brackets in the correct 4Match the words in the box to their
tense: will, going to or present continuous. definitions below.
1 A: I bou ght this phone here, but it doesn't work.
foreign dialect grammar accent bilingual
B: OK. Leave it here and I (look ) at it as
native
soon as I have ti me.
2 It' s all arranged. We ___ (meet) at 2 p.m. in the 1 the way you say words in a language
market square. 2 from another country __ _
3 We've disc ussed it and we _ __ (get) married! 3 able to speak tw o languages fluently
4 I don 't think I _ (do) anything on Monday. Can 4 a way of speaking in a particular region of a country
we meet then?
5 A: What do you intend to do about Lillian? 5 from or belonging to a particular countr y
B: We (offer) her an extension on the essay. 6 the rules of language __ _
6 I haven' t made up my mind yet, but I __ _
(probabl y go) to the lesson tonight. 5 Choose the correct word.
7 You should go to the party. I'm certain that Frank 1 Wh en I' m nervous, my English lets me off/ down.
(be) there. 2 Don 't fall behind /ahead with your homework.
8 Thanks for the offer, but I think I (stay) at 3 I have a friend who ju st seems to pick languages
home tonight. off/up. I think she knows six!
4 I can get by/o n in Spanish - in restaurants, for
2Complete the second sentence so that it has example.
a similar meaning to the first, using the words given. 5 Children tend to catch on/ along more quickl y.
1 If you don't revise, you won't pass your exams. 6 Have you ever thought of taking off/up Chinese?
If you revise, ___________ _ __ _ 7 Slow down! I can't keep up at/ with you.
2 If we see your teacher, we should ask him for the
correct answ er. 6 Match idioms a-f with situations 1--6.
W e should ask yo ur teacher for the correct answer 1 W e shopp ed and shopped for hours - I think we
w hen _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _ _____ _
have everyt hin g for the hou se now !
3 The w orld might onl y have one or two languages in 2 I think we can afford the holida y if we are careful
the futur e if we don't protect them. with w hat we buy in the next coupl e of mo nths.
The w orld mi ght only have one or two languages in 3 You look abso lutely amazin g - you could be a
the future unl ess _ _ _ _ ___ ____ _ _ celebrit y!
4 I wo n' t go if you do n't go. 4 I can't beli eve how muc h they charged. I have never
I wo n' t go unl ess ____________ _ paid that much before.
5 I' ll be there at about 5 p.m. unless there's lots of traffic. 5 I think I' m going to treat myself to that designer jacket.
If I' ll be there at about 5 p.m. 6 I don' t kn ow how I' m goin g to pay my bill s this
6 W e' ll go for coffee as soon as the cl ass ends. mon th - I have no mon ey.
When ______ _ _ ___ ___ _ _ _
a to loo k lik e a million do ll ars
7 I' ll give yo u a call if I' m not bu sy thi s afternoon.
b to be broke
Unl ess I' ll give you a call.
c to splash out on
8 You shouldn 't go out so muc h if you don' t have
d go on a spendin g spree
much mon ey.
e to be rip ped off
If you don't have stay in.
f . to ti ghten yo ur belt
3 Complete the words in the conversation .
[CD 7 Complet e th e text with the words in the box .
A: So we all agree o ur staff need Engli sh lessons. But
the problem is w hen? W hat about at lun ch time? appropria te con text fo rmal inform al poli te
B: No, I' m not 1 s___ abou t that. Staff w on 't lik e it. register
They' ll complain.
C: I 2t ___ you ' re right. W hen are they supp osed to In my opinion , you always need to thin k about the
1
___ of yo ur material and w here it is goin g. Some
eat? I th ink after wor k is better.
A: I'm 3a I don't lik e that idea. I think that w ill social medi a sites appear to be 2__ _ , but it is still
cause some proble ms because peop le fin ish at import ant to be 3___ because yo u don't know w ho
di fferent ti mes. w ill read yo ur posts. Howeve r, w hen yo u send email s,
B: Maybe, but thin k about the 4 c_ __ . If we have thinkin g about 4__ _ is very imp ortant. Even thou gh it
them during wo rkin g ho urs, it' ll cost us mo ney. is an electroni c message, you need to be more 5_ __ if
C: Yes, but they wo uld wo rk harder. Let's thi nk thi s yo u are talkin g to yo ur lecturer or boss and you should
st __ _ make sure yo u are using 6 ___ language. For exampl e,
A: I'm not in 6f ___ of it. Money isn't the onl y he/she may not be im pressed if you start yo ur email w ith
prob lem. How can we have everyone joinin g the ' Hey dude' .
cla ss in the mi ddl e of the day?
133
-I LANGUAGE REFERENCE
GRA1\l\MAR d iffer ence, use a lot o r mu ch . To talk abo ut a small
d ifference, use a little or no t mu ch .
lJilm SECOND CONDITIONAL China is a lot more populated than Norway .
For m the seco nd co nd itio nal in the following way:
Italy isn 't m uch bigger than England.
if-cla use + main clause
if+ past simp le would/cou ld/migh t, etc. /\S ... AS
Use as+ ad jective+ as to say th ere is no d ifference .
If she kne w the answer, she co uld help you.
The twins are as tall as each other.
If they gave a discount, wo uld you buy it?
Use not as + adjec tive + as to mak e th e adject ive
We use t he seco nd co ndi tio nal to talk about an
weak er.
unreal situ at io n in t he present or fut ure.
I'm not as sure as you that this is a good idea.
As w it h the fi rst cond iti ona l, w e can put t he main The film wasn 't as goo d as I expect ed it would be.
clau se fi rst.
I'd help you if I had time . KEY LANGUAGE
WERE AND WAS .. THE LANGUAGE OF PRESENTAT IONS
Both are possibl e in t he second co nd itional , w ith no BEGINNING A PRESENTATION
change in meani ng. I' d like to in trod uce my co lleag ues .. .
If I was a politician, I'd make some big changes.
If I were a politician, I'd m ake som e big changes. STATING TH[ MAIN PURPOSE OF TH E PRESENTATION
Our pur pose t oday is to . ..
Wh en we give advi ce, w e ofte n use w ere. >
If I were you, I'd take the job. G IV ING THE PLAN/STRUCTURE
M y p resentatio n is d ivid ed into th ree/ four parts.
ll!fll COMPARISON If yo u have any qu estio ns, we' d be pl eased to answe r
For m the com parat ive of o ne-syll abl e ad ject ives them at t he end of the presentat ion.
by addi ng -er, and the super lati ve of on e-syllab le
adjecti ves by add ing -est. TALKING ABOU T A NEW PO INT
great - greater - greatest big - bigger - biggest Movi ng o n now, ...
Th is brin gs me to my next po in t.
With two- syl labl e ad ject ives endi ng in -o w and -er,
ad d -er or -es t. W ith adjectiv es end ing in -y, remov e REFERRING TO A V ISUA L AID
-y and add -ier or -iest. • Please look at the screen .
narrow - narrower - narro west ENDIN G A PRESENTATION
clever - cleverer - cleveres t Now, let me sum mari se o ur main poi nts.
happy - happier - happiest Than k you very m uch fo r yo u r atte ntio n.
Form t he compar ati ve of othe r two- syll ab le adject ives A re th ere any quest io ns?
and lo nge r adj ect ives by addi ng more befo re t he
ad ject ive, and the superlat ive by addi ng most befor e VOCABULARY
th e adjective. .. AlJJEC11VES,ADVERTISING
hopef ul - more hopeful - most hopefu l attent io n-grabbin g, catc hy, comm erc ial (n), d ull ,
interesting - more interesting - most interesting effect ive, end o rse, exot ic, eye-catc hin g, h umoro us,
Th ere are exception s. Put m o re/m ost (not -er/-est) int rig uing , i rrita t ing, jing le, logo, mi sleadin g, o riginal,

I
befo re o ne syllable adj ecti ves w hich are past persuasive, powerful , promo te, recog ni sabl e, ro manti c,
parti cipl es. For exampl e: shock ing, sloga n, so phi sti cate d, spo nsors hip, w itty
tired - more tired - most tired
lost - more lost - most lost .. WORDS WITH A SIMILAR Ml:ANING
(CONNl:CH.D TO C:HANGF)
LESS AND LEAST alter - change
Use less o r leas t befo re any adj ect ive. The number of enhance - imp rove
syllables is not imp o rtant. d istort - chan ge som eth in g's shape/so und
It's less expensiv e,, exagge rate - make som ethin g seem b etter /large r/
It's the least expens ive. wo rse
mani p ul ate - sk il fu ll y cont ro l/move
IRREGU LAR ADJECTIVES
Th e ad jecti ves good and ba d are irreg ular and d o no t 11111 WORD COM BINA I IONS
fo llow the r ules above . adverti sing manage r, an ima ted cartoo ns, att ractive
good - better - best bad - worse - worst target, b reakfast ce reals, cart oon charact ers, fast
MOD IFIERS foo d, foo d p roducts, in te ract ive we bsites, j un k food,
M odifie rs help us to co mm ent on th e size of t he med ia analysis, persuas ive message, school ho lidays,
di ffe rence in th e co mparison. To talk about a large te levisio n advertise ment, TV co mm ercials, vast sum s

134
 5 -.
·-
EXTRA PRACTICE
Ell 1
Write the verb in brackets in th e correct 5 Match t he sentence halv es.
form to make second conditiona l sentences. Use 1 O ur presentation is divided into
cou ld and mig ht when possible. 2 Please look
1 If we __ _ (advertise) more, we'd sel I more. 3 I'd li ke to introduce
2 W hat _ _ (happen) if we put a poster up? 4 Let me summar ise our
3 If I knew the number, I __ (give) th em a call. 5 Are there
4 If I _ _ (be) yo u, I'd find a new USP. 6 Thank yo u very much for
5 Coul d you do it if I _ _ (ask) yo u? 7 If you have any questions, we'd be pleased to
6 You ___ (not know) wha t thi s advert is for if you answer them
looked at it. a your attention.
7 __ you __ (give) us a bi gger budget if we b my colleagues .
needed it? c any questions?
8 If we used the internet more, the co mpan y d main points.
_ _ _ (reach) more people . e four parts.
f at the screen.
2 Speaking practice Tell a partner w hat yo u wo uld do g at the end.
in diffe rent situations. Use the phra ses below.
If I had: 6 Complete the words.
• more mone y, I'd .. . 1 We've got a famous singer to e_ _ _ our new soft
• a new career, it .. . drink.
• tim e, I'd ... 2 That' s a really e___ -c_ _ image. W here was it
If I was: photo graphed?
• President / Prime Mi ni ster, I' d ... 3 We've just agreed as _ _ deal wi th a Formula 1
- • ten years younger, I' d . .. racing team.
4 If we make a radio advert, we'll need to have a
Ell 3 Choos e t he corr ect fo'rm . c_ _ _ song that everyone knows .
When I fir st started wo rkin g in the bu siness, advertisin g 5 Coca-Co la must have the most famo us I in
was much 1less important I the most important than it is the wor ld.
nowaday s and our budgets weren 't anythin g li ke as 6 It' s a rather dull s_ __ . Can we make it wi ttier?
2
big I bigger as they are now realise 7 How about having the actors drinkin g the produ ct in
that marketing is 3more complex I com plexer because a reall y e___ location w ith a beach, islands and
there are so many different kinds of media. For examp le, palm trees?
the internet is one of the 4 fastest I most fast ways of
launch ing a new product , especiall y to young people.
7a
Match th e words to make word
com binations.
At the cli ck of a button yo u can send out adverts. It' s
also 5cheaper I cheapest than television advertisi ng, 1 advertising a food
whic h takes months of planning and costs a fortu ne. It's 2 TV b message
true that television reaches the 6 higher I highest num ber 3
vast c websit es
of people at once but in many cases internet adverti sing 4
manipu late d images
can be just as effective 7 than I as TV. For exampl e, by 5
animated e manager
c hoo sing the right w ebsites you are 8more I most likely 6
en hance f features
to reach your target market. 7
fast g food
8
junk h cartoo ns
4 Complet e sent ences 1- 5 wit h th e words and 9 persuasive commer cials
phrases in th e box . 10 interacti ve sums

as interesting a little much better much more 7b Writ e definitions for the word combin ations in
the least Exercise 7a. Then check your answ ers in a dictio nary .

1 My exam resu Its "Yeren' t ___ than yours, so don' t

an advertising manager : The person in charge of things
wo rry.
like TV commercials and slogans.
2 We can make the product _ __ c heaper than it is
now, but not mu ch.
3 His new book isn't as his first one.
4 This is a _ __ attractiv e design than the last on e -
we ll don e.
5 This is ___ import ant prob lem - let's di scuss the
other points first.

135
 GRf\.MN\/\R D o not use that in non-d efin ing relat ive cl auses.
Ell DEFINING CI AUSI:S Use who o r which inste ad.
The course, that was also started by Professor Sm ith,
Use definin g relative clauses to identi fy or define
thing s, ideas, pl aces, tim e and possession s. is ending next year. x
Children like subjects which interest the m . The course, which was also started by Professor
Smith, is ending next year. ,/
Do n't rep eat th e noun from th e main clause o r

I
introduc e a persona l pronou n to repl ace it. We can also use a non-defin ing relative cl ause at th e
Have you ever been to that museum which we just end of a sentence .
drove past it? x Last year we visited Rome, which we though t was a
That's the man who he helped me yesterday. x
really beauti ful city.

A definin g relative clau se begin s with a rel ati ve KEY LANGUAGE

pronoun o r adverb.
POSSIBILITIES AND OPTIONS
RELATIVE PRONOUNS
TH INKI NG ABOU T POSSIBILITIES
Use that to refe r to t hin gs, pe ople o r ide as.
There are several way s t o deal with th is.
That's the book that I was looking for.
Let's look at o ur o pt ions.
Are you the person that I spoke to yesterday?
The goo d th ing is ... t he bad thing is ...
You're ignoring the point that I was making.
M AKIN G SUGG l:STIONS
Use which to refer to thing s or id eas.
How about (+ -ing) Sup posi ng w e ...
Yesterday we went to the restaurant which you
recomm ended to us. CHANG ING YOUR APPROACH
Use who to refer to people . Let's see, what other th ings can we do?
That's the man who I bought m y car from. MAK ING A DECISION
Use whose to refe r to po ssessio n. That's th e best solution.
He's the teacher who se students get the best grades. DECIDIN G WHAT TO DO N EXT
RR A TI VE ADVERBS Th e best way is to . .. So, the next thing to do is .. .
Use where to refer to p laces. Why d on't you send me notes o n all th e problems ... ?
He studies at a university som e of our
politicians got their degrees. VOCABULARY
Use when to refer to tim e. l::DUtATION AND
I still rememb er the day when we first met. approach, bull ying, compulsory educat io n,
co ntinuou s assessment, crit icise, curri cu lu m, drop o ut,
If we use a relati ve adve rb we do n't norm ally use a elementary schoo l, easy-goi ng teacher, enviro nm ent,
prepos iti o n in t he relative clau se. exam, fai l, formal learnin g, fr iendly teac hers, graduate,
That's the hous e where I was born itt. x hand in, hi gher educat ion, in forma l learn ing,
That's the hotel where we stayed last year. ,/ method , mi xed-sex schools , pace, pass, primar y
schoo l, priv ate education, p u nct ual, secondary
SU BJECT/O BJECT RELATIVE CLAUSFS
school , single-sex school s, state (public ) education,
The relative pronoun can be the subj ect or t he o bject
stati sti cs, str ict, t ruanc y, uniq ue, we ll-pr epar ed
of the rel ati ve clause.
What 's the name of the film that we saw yesterday? l:DUCA TION COLLOCATIO"IS
(We saw the film.)
d o homework /coursewo r k/your best/an exam;
That's the shop which has the dress I want to buy. drop out of school; fail an exam/a cou rse;
(The shop has the dress.) get a good grade /a good resu lt/a place at university /
If the relative prono un is th e obj ect of the relativ e a degree; go to schoo l/co ll ege/a seminar;
clause, then it can be om itt ed. g radu ate fr om univer sity/from high schoo l (US,
What's the name of the film (that) we saw yesterday? Austra lian Engli sh); hand in an essay/an assignm ent;
leave primary schoo l; make prog ress/mistakes;
RELATIVE ( LAUSES pass an exam /a cours e; revise for an exam/a subject/
Non -d efini ng relative clau ses give informat io n abou t a te st; sit an exam; study a sub ject/a lang uage;
somet hin g in t he main cl ause but do not help to take or retake an exam /a course
id entify or d efine it. Th ey must have a comma before
and aft er the clause. Non- defi nin g rel ati ve cl auses
are not co mmon in spok en Engli sh .
The President, who is currently on a trip to the USA,
said he disagreed with the decision.
(W e know who th e President is w ithout the
inform ation in the relati ve clau se.)
136
 EXTRA PRACTICE iii
1 Complete the sentences with a relative (8 4 Co mpl ete th e gaps in th e di alogue.
pronoun or adverb . If it is possibl e t o omit th e A: I don't know wh ich uni versity to app ly tb.
pronoun , do no t include it. B: We ll, there are several 1___ to ___ w ith that
1 He's the person ___ I to ld yo u about. probl em.
2 Is this the place ___ you grew up? A: Reall y?
3 She's th e one ___ sister goes to the same schoo l B: Of course. 2 _ visiting bot h before
as us. deci ding?
4 Do you remember the day _ _ _ we we nt there? A: I've done that. London seems more fun, but the
5 Is th is the book ___ we need to buy? 1
__ ___ _ about Oxfo rd is that everyo ne has
6 Do yo u still remember the first house you heard of it.
lived in? B: OK, w ell make a li st of pros and cons for each.
7 W e need to hire someone can reall y help the A: Yes, that's the 4_ _ _
business grow. B: So th e 5___ thin g to is to fil l in the
8 It's the story of a man ___ life c hanges forever the appli cation form s.
day he meets a stranger in a cafe.
5 Complete the sentences with the w ords in
2 Combine the two sentenc es to mak e one senten ce th e box.
with a definin g relative clause.
graduate c riti cise uni que exams approac h
1 The schoo l gets good results. I studi ed there.
hand in
The schoo l ___ gets good results.
2 The people are friend ly. They live next door. 1 D id yo u ____ your essay on tim e?
The people _ are fri endl y. 2 Do yo u this year or next?
3 The girl wo rks at the libr ary. She was at the meetin g. 3 How many have you got thi s term ?
The girl ___ was at the meeting. 4 W hat's you r __ to teachin g?
5 People never teachers in my country.
4 Th is is the station . I met John there.
6 He has a _ method of learnin g Engli sh.
Th is is the station _ __ I met John.
5 The idea is a good one. You suggested it yesterday . 6
M ake phrases using o ne word from each
The idea _ is a good one. b ox. Then fill in th e gaps with the corr ect collocation.
6 I bou ght the band's CD last week. They' re playing You may need to chan ge the te nse. ·
here tonight. -
The band __ CD I bought last week are playing do get graduate hand revise retake
- ----
here tonight.
all his exams for the exams fro m university
[(II] 3 Corr ect th e mi stak e in each sentence. good grades in the assignme nt my best
1 Maria Mo ntessori w ho was an Itali an ed ucationali st, 1 I hope I get a good job after I __
developed the Montessori method. 2 'How was the exam?'
2 This course, that is run by Professor Jones, is my ' It was hard but I ______ . I cou ld n't have
favou ri te. done any more.'
3 Hi s theory, w hose is really nothi ng new, says we 3 You need to to get a place at that
learn best by do ing. univ ersity.
4 The univ ersity, w hich was foun ded in 180 3 is the 4 If you don 't _____ _ on tim e, you wi ll fail the
most famous in our count ry. co urse!
5 The Prime M ini ster, w ho he was a student at this 5 He's very upset! He has to ___ ___ because
university, is go ing to make a visit here next month. he missed so many classes this year.
6 The manager of W esttown Bank, w ho we spoke to 6 She's every day this week . She reall y
her yesterday, gave us the wro ng info rmation. wants to pass them.
7 I gave the book to my friend John, w hic h always
li kes to try new autho rs.
8 They wa nt to knock dow n King's Hospital, whe re I
was born in.

137
 LANGUAGEREFERENCE
GRAMMAR CAN '1
Use can 't to say th at you are certain something is not
11!111 MODALS (NECESSlfY AND OBLIGAflON)
tru e.
CAN/CAN'T This painting can't be by Rembrandt. It's much too
Use can/can 't to talk about present ability and modern.
poss ibilit y. The police say he attacked som eon e at 7 p.m ., but it
We can ask him if he'd like to join us. can't be true because he was with me at that time .
I can't ski. I don 't know how to.
COULD/ MIGi-iT
COULD Use could o r might to say something is po ssibl e.
Use co uld to say something is po ssib le or lik ely in It could be true that it was all his own work. It's
the futur e. definitely pos sible.
Your work on this could be useful later on. The package might be from David. Open it and
That table could be good for my office. find out!

SI 10ULD/SHOULDN'T W e can also use moda l verbs with a continuou s form.

Use shoul d/shouldn 't to say if somethi ng is adv isabl e He must be feeling better!
or not. They might b e coming later.
I think we should ask customer s what they want.
We probably shouldn't wait any longer to start work KEY LANGUAGE
on this. 11311 DF">CRIBING QUALITIES
ffAVE: TO/ MUST Another strong po int is . ..
We use both have to and must to talk abou t It's aim ed at ...
so methin g that is ne cessary and important , but there It looks very (stylish/modern /func t ional /st rong ) ...
are so me diff erences in meaning. It' s functional/innovative /excellent valu e fo r mo ney.
It's made of (woo d/metal/l eat her).
Use have to to say somet hin g is essenti al or that it is a It's made from (a new mater ial) which is (waterproof /
ge neral rul e. stro ng/heat resistant) .
When you dev elop a new design you have lo try it It has several (special/ uniqu e) fe ature s.
out a numb er of times. It will appea l to ...
It has to be strong enough to carry eight people. On e of th e best qu alit ies is ...
-. Th ere are several (specia l/uniqu e) feat ures I really like.
Use must to say somethin g is necessary or important
in yo ur personal op ini o n.
I feel that we must make the design more modern. VOCABULARY
It must be on m y desk b y the end of the day. Ill] WORD BUILDING, ADJFCTIVES
art, art ist, artisti c, design (n/v), designer, we ll-designed ,
W e d o not normall y use you must o r you mustn 't

I in face-to-face conversation. Use should in stead.

You fflmf be more careful. x
You should be more careful. ./'
DON'T llAVE TO/ MUSTN'T
d eve lop, deve loper, development , dev eloping,
engin eer (n/v), engin eerin g, innov ate, inn ovato r,
inn ovation , inn ovativ e, inv ent, inventor , in vention,
inv enti ve, manufacture , manufa ctur er, manufa ct urin g,
produce, p ro du cer, product , p rod ucti ve, scient ist,
scienc e, scie ntific, use (n/v), usable, user
Use don't have to to say somethin g is not necessary.
It doesn 't have to be made of metal. Plastic is fine . DESIGN
They don 't have to be here. We can decide ourselves. elegant, functi ona l, f ut uri stic, handmad e, inno vat ive,
Use mu stn't to say it is necessary o r imp o rtant not to mass-produ ced, retro, simpl e, str eamlined , st ylish,
do so met hin g. trad itional , up-to -date
We mustn 't forget to tell them about the party.
They mustn 't find out about our plans. They wouldn 't /\\A 1tRIALS, SHAPES AND TEXTURES
like them. MATERIAL
aluminium , canvas, leat her, paper, p lastic, ste el,
EJll MODALS (PR[SENT DEDUCTION)
straw, wood en
Use mod al verbs to make guesses (deduction s) abo ut
the pres ent, based on evidence . Th e d iff erent moda l SHAPE
ve rbs express di f fere nt leve ls of certa inty . angular, circ ul ar, curv ed, squ are

MUST TEXTURE
Use m ust to say th at yo u are certai n so meth ing is tru e. hard, po lished, rou gh, smoot h, soft
The door is open so Michael must be home .
Jane was ill, but she's running around, so she must .. ABS TRACT NOUNS
be a lot better! adverti sing, co mmuni cation , co nsumerism,
indu stri ali sati o n, recycl in g, streamlinin g
138
 I

DD 1 Complete the second sentence so that it has

a similar meaning to the first, using a modal verb and the box.
4
EXTRA PRACTICE

Complete the sentences with

-
words in

any other words necessary.

appeal point val ue looks qualities made
1 Sorry but I'm unable to help you wi th this.
aimed several
Sorry but _ _ _ you w ith this.
2 I think it's important that we make it stronger. 1 There are ___ features I really lik e.
We ___ it stronger. 2 It's from a combi nati on of metals.
3 Is it possible for you to come w ith us tonight? 3 It w ill ___ to business people.
_ __ wi th us tonight? 4 It' s excellent for money.
4 It isn't necessary to ask for his permission. 5 It ___ very stylish.
You don't ___ for his permission. 6 It's ___ at the younger market.
5 I' m able to use steel in this design. 7 One of the best ___ is its flexibilit y.
I _ _ _ in this design. 8 Another strong ___ is the inno vat ive design.
6 I'd advise you not to bother him until after lunch.
You him until after lunch. 5 Complete the words with -ic, -er, -ive or -al.
7 Keep that wood . It's likel y to be useful later. 1 I don't think he' ll like the idea - he has very
Keep that wood. It _ __ later. tradition views.
8 The new law says that it's essential that you use 2 M y nephew is a software design___ .
recyclable products. 3 Thi s new keyboard layout is very us___ friendl y.
You ___ recyclable products because of the 4 This plan of yours is very innovat _ __ . Will it
new law. work?
5 He's a very artist___ person with great skill in
2 Match replies a-f with sentences 1-6.
painting.
1 I heard that it never rains in England. 6 One scientif ___ theory says there's no such thin g
2 M y son is eating again now. as global warmi ng, but no one takes it seriously.
3 The front door is open. 7 For that spare part we' ll have to contact the
4 He said if he was free, he' d be here by nin e,at the manufactur __ _
latest. It's midni ght now. 8 That new science fi ct ion film is reall y futuri st._ _
5 There was a rumou r about th em gettin g marri ed and w ith spaceships and lasers.
then I saw them an engagement rin g together. 9 I'd li ke a kitc hen that's fun ction rather than
6 Just because it's speciall y designed, thi s tin y pen cost fashi onable.
over €20 0. 10 I' m an engine ___ speciali sing in brid ges.
a M y fl atmate must be home.
b You must be joking! It never stopped w hen I was there. 1111 6 Complete the sentences with the words in
c He must be feelin g better. the box.
d So w hat they say about them must be true .
e That can't be true. It's only pl astic. indu stri ali satio n poli shed recycl ing effic iency
cons umeri sm alum inium streamlinin g (x2)
f He can't be coming .
1 I think ou r society is comp letely based on __ _
lilLS] 3 Complete the sentences with the mod al these days. A ll we do is shop!
verbs in the box. 2 We need to impr ove the ___ of these machine s.
have to must (x2) don 't have t o shouldn 't They currently use too much energy.
can't cou ld can 3 Thi s all used to be countrys ide, but the ___ in the
late eighties destroyed the landscape.
1 You do that now - we' ll have time 4 The ___ of this car makes it go faster and also
tomorro w. looks great.
2 You _ _ _ speak to her li ke that - she's very 5 I love the way the artist has used ___ to create
sensit ive. somethin g new and beautiful. No rmally these
3 Don't forget that you ___ buy a ti cket before you materi als wo uld be thrown away .
get on the train.• 6 They are look ing at ___ the bu siness to make it
4 I ___ start wo rkin g harder or I' ll fail the exams. mo re efficient.
5 Thi s ___ be the right way . Let's stop and ask 7 It is impressive to see the way the artist has combin ed
someone. _ __ and wood for a real ly modern look .
6 O ur new secretary ___ speak two fo reign 8 He believes metalli c surfaces are essenti al in
languages - she's reall y clever. a professional kitch en.
7 He's not answer ing the pho ne - he ___ be out
som ewhere.
8 Take somethin g to there _ _ _ be delays at
the airpor t.

139
- LANGUAGE REFERENCE

GRAMMAR Use th e past perfect simple to emphasise that one

actio n happen ed b efore another in the past.
PAS r CONTINUOUS
The film had already started when we arrived at the
Form t he past co ntin uous wit h was/were+ verb+
cinema .
-ing.
I was working on a project for six months. fil m started arrived at the cin ema
The children weren 't working very hard. l l NO'.
Use the past continuous:
• to talk about backgrou nd actio ns The past perfect simp le is often used with the
It was a bea utiful day - the sun was shinin g and the co njun ct io ns when , before , after and by.
birds were singing. I had left when he called .
She had been to Australia twice before we went
+----- sun was shining, birds were singing -- --- + NOW
together.
We went out after we had eaten breakfast.
• to talk about a longer background action in the past By the age of 80, he had written over a hundr ed
w hen a shorter action interrupts it or happens durin g it. books.
We were talk ing abo ut yo u when you rang.
(the background action is interrupted and stops) If th e sequ ence of events is clear , we can also use th e
past simple.
you rang I called my friend after I finished work .

l
f ----- - -- --- --- -- --- talking· - -- --- - -- --- --- -- -+ NOW
KEY LANGUAGE
THF LANGUAGF OF NEGOTIATION
How many would you like to order?
I was having a staff meeting when Julia arrived
We are thinkin g of placing a large order.
five minutes late.
I' m afraid that w ou ld be a bi t/very di ff icult.
(the action happens during the background action)
What about if we paid ear lier? Wo uld you be able
Julia arrived to ... ?
Let me check if I under stand you.
l How do yo u feel about that ?
f- ---------havinta meeting· -- -- -- ---• NOW That so und s fine.

• to talk about repeated actions in the past that take

VOCABULARY
p\ace over a temporary period of time. BUSINESS ffRM<., ROLFS
People were comi ng in all day to buy this item . business , char ge (v), commun ity, compet ito r,
custom er, entrepreneu r, invest, investo r, law, loss,
people coming in manufacture r, manufa ctur ing, owner , partn er, prices ,
lllll NOW
profit , retail , retailer , staff, supp lier, taxes, wages,
who lesaler
+- -- -- all day-- --- +
lliJI COLLOCATIONS
• to emph asise the duration or continuity of a past
action. BEFORE
For the whole of last month we were trying to solve do so me market research , make a busin ess plan
this same problem . START
do th e fir st yea r account s, go into part nershi p, set up
+ -- -- -- - trying to solve problem -- -- ---+ NOW a compan y
+ -- -- ---- ---- - last month-- ---- --- -- -- + DU RING
laun ch a new product range I an adve rti sing
We rarely use state verb s such as be, like , know,

I
campai gn, mak e mon ey I a p rofit , recruit a new
believ e, under stand in the continuous form. manager I tal ented emp loyees, reduc e production
I was liking the fish soup. x costs, run a facto ry, set up an ove rseas branch
I liked the fish soup . ../
END
llD PAST PERFE.CTSIMPLE go out of bu siness, reduce th e numb er of staff,
Form th e past perfect simpl e w ith had+ past run th e bu siness badly
parti cipl e.
I called but he'd already left.
Wh en I ch ecked, it was obviou s they hadn 't
under stood the instructions .

140
 EXTRA PRACT\CE
•
1 Wri te the verb s in brackets in th e past EiiJ 4 Speaking practice Tell a partner about
continu o us or t he past simpl e. yo urself, using the phr ases below.
W hen I 1__ _ (study) at uni versity, I took a part-time By the age of five, I had .. .
job as a security guard at a factory to earn some extra By the age of ten, I had .. .
money. I often 2_ (work) at night, and o ne evening By the age of fifteen, I had ...
13___ (check) the w arehouse whe n I heard a noise.
I was reall y scared so I 4 _ _ {call) the police. They 5 Com p lete th e sentence s wi th th e w ord s in
arri ved and while they 5___ {search) the area they t he box.
found someone asleep in a small cup board next to the
warehouse. The person b_ _ _ {be) the dayt ime pl acing wou ld sounds afraid feel
security guard, w ho 7_ _ _ (li ve) in the factory because paid check
he cou ldn't affor d to rent a flat. He 8__ _ (wear)
1 Ho w many _ _ you li ke to order?
pyjamas produ ced in the factor y. The factory ow ners 2 We are thin king of __ a large order.
were furious at first and 9 ___ (pl an) to sack the yo ung 3 I' m ___ that wou ld be very d iffic ult.
man, but in the end they found him a cheap flat and he 4 W hat if we earlie r?
10
_ _ (keep) his job. 5 Let me _ _ if I understand you.
6 How do you _ _ about that?
DJ 2 M at ch th e sentence halves.
7 That fine.
1 By the time they got to the ci nema
2 He stayed out late 6 Complete the wo rds.
3 By the end of his first year at university 1 How many s__ do yo u have wor king here?
4 I' d just gone to sleep 2 The fir st rule of business is that the c ___ is
5 After I'd booked the tickets always right.
a after I'd to ld him not to. 3 How much money did you i__ in the compan y?
b w hen the phone rang and woke me up. 4 We made a huge p_ last year.
c the fi lm had already started. 5 Malcolm is my p__ in the business.
d she changed her mind and said she wanted to eat 6 The p_ of computers keeps going down.
out instead. 7 This governm ent keeps putting up t __ .
e he'd already decided he did n't wa nt to be a doctor. 8 It's much cheaper to buy produc ts from aw
... than from a shop .
1'11111 3 Choose t he co rrect tense.
1 W e launched the second version once we 7 Choose th e correct verb(s) . Ther e may be
had seen I were seeing how successful the f irst more th an on e possible answer.
one was. 1 make I go out of I found business
2 By the time he was applying I'd applied, the job 2 launch I do I go into a company
had already gone. 3 introduce I found I launch a product
3 He called wh ile I tried I was trying to finish th is 4 make I go into I launch a profit
essay. 5 reduce I make I run costs
4 After he had in vested I was investing more money, 6 go into I set up I make another branch
the business too k off.
5 The entrepreneur gave I had given another billion
dollars to charity after he had already given three
bi lli on.
6 We didn't need to clean the house, because he
had already done I already did it.
7 I stud ied business in the evenin g w hi le I
was working I had worked in a kitc hen.
8 She left before anyon e had had I was having a
chance to expl ain the situation.
9 The business went I was going bankrupt last month
and they couldn ' t save it.
10 A ll last year, the company had looked I was loo king
for ways to survive the crisis.

141
•
LANGUAGE REFERENCE

GRAMMAR • set uses

ED THE PASSIVE Use the wit h the names of so me count ri es.
the United States, the United Kingdom,
We form t he passive w ith the ve rb to be + the past
part icip le of the main verb. the Nethe rlands
The test is carried out. Use the wi th the nam es of geograph ical fe ature s.
the Baltic Sea, the Pacific Ocean, the Amazon,
Form t he passive for each te nse as fol lows:
the Alps
The Earth is struck. Use the with supe rlatives .
It's th e largest engineering project of its kind.
Meteorites were discovered. Use a/an when talking about a job someone doe s.
The theory hasn't been agreed on. I'm a teacher.
She works as a lawyer.
Mars will be explored .
Don 't use an article with the names of towns and
The rock mus t be destroye d . cit ies, and most co untr ies.
Venice, Paris, Tokyo, Japan, China
If we includ e the person w ho does the act ion , we
in tro du ce th em w it h t he preposition by. KEY LANGUAGE
The test is carried out by scientists .
DISCUSSING OPTIONS, MAKING D£CISIONS
Use th e passiv e w hen th e person doin g the action is What about calling (it/the m/t hat) .. . ?
not im portant , not known or is obvio us. Th ere are other possibilities ...
A strange message about an object in the sky was left It so und s good to (me/ us).
on a police answering machine. Well , o ne option wou ld be to . ..
The space shuttle will be flown twice around the If (we/ I/th ey) called it X, (people) wou ld like that
moon. nam e.
Mmm, nice idea.
We also use the passive w hen we wa nt to start a
Ar e we all agreed th en?
sentence w ith inform ation t hat is k nown o r has been
Have w e reached a decision ?
mentione d before.
I' ll reco mmend (th at) to ...
Twent y scien tists are currently on the team . By the
W e' re all agreed.
end of the year, they will be join ed by 25 more.

ARTIUFS VOCABULARY
Use articl es in t he fol lowi ng ways: COLLOCATIONS
• fi rst and second mention build a model /prototype , do (some ) research,
do safety t ests, fi nd a solution , mak e a breakthrou gh,
Use a/an wh en yo u mentio n a sin gular nou n for
meet deadlin es, solve a prob lem, test a theo ry
the first tim e.
Tokyo has a major problem with space. Gt OBAL THREATS
An alternative idea has been suggested. astero id, ali en in vasion , co lli de, co ll ision , come t,
Use the w hen we refer to so meth in g th at has been defl ect, devastation , d ro ught, earthqu akes,
mentioned befo re. ext in ction, fam ine, genet ic engin eer in g, hazard ous,
(Tokyo has a major probl em with space.) At last city hurrican es, im pact, infect iou s d iseases, m eteo r,
planners are trying to solve the probl em . meteorit e, ov erpo pul ation, pr o be, superbu gs, threa t,
Do n't use an articl e w ith genera l plural co un tab le tsunami s, vo lcanoes , wip e out
noun s, and when we mention a p lural no un for t he
PRODUCTION
fir st t im e.
aircraft, aviat ion , flight te st, limi ted numb er,
Scientists still haven't found a way to deter
mass-produc e, modif y, modifi cation , mod el,
meteorites .
protot ype, sim ul ati on, test drive , wind tunn el
Sate llites will be launch ed into spac e. (Scientists will
then use th e satellites to look for alien life.)
• known thin gs
Use the when t here is o nly one of some thin g.
The Earth's moon is a natural satellite.
Engineers are designing a train which will travel
under the city.

142
 EXTRA PRACTICE
•
1 Complete the second sentence using a 4 A local council is discussing what to call
passive fo rm so that it has a similar meanin g to a new bridge across th e city' s riv er. Complete th e
the ·first . discussion with phrases a- e.
1 Astronauts fly the shutt le into space. a W ell, one option wo uld be
The shuttle _ _ _ into space. b W e're all agreed
2 Scientists did the tests yesterday. c I' ll recommend
The tests yesterday. d It sounds good
3 The company has launched the new brand. e What about callin g
The new brand A: 1
_ _ to call it Peterson Bridge, after Gerald
4 They haven't answered our questions. Peterson, who did so much for the city in his life?
Our question s ___ . B: Hmmm , I' m not sure if that's the best idea. The park
5 Engineers bui lt the new plane in Seattl e. in the centre is already called Peterson Park, so it
The new plane _ __ in Seattl e. mi ght be confusing. 2__ _ it Broad Bridge. Then
6 You can play tennis in the morn ing. people w il l know yo u go down Broad Street to get
Tenni s ___ in the morning. to it.
7 The President has announ ced a new environmental A: 3 to me.
policy. C: Yes, I like that idea, too.
A new environm ental poli cy _ A: 4
_ _ _ • W e' ll call it Broad Bridge. ' that to
8 We fire the rockets fro m mission contro l. the mayor, then we can look at changing the street
The rockets from mission control. signs and maps.

2 Read the senten ces and delete the agent if it is 5 Choos e the co rr ect verb.
unn ecessary.
1 Finall y, th ey' ve solved/ made a breakthrough.
1 She was sacked by her yesterday. 2 We've been doing/finding some research into it.
2 It w as announ ced by the Prime Mi nister today that 3 Did yo u make/do th e safety tests?
he wo uld resign w ithin the week. 4 Have they built/ met the prototype yet?
3 It is the thi rd time that the Earth has been hit by an 5 I' d li ke to make/ test yo ur theory.
asteroid in recent years. 6 We still haven't found/ done a good soluti on.
4 The bridge was bu il t by peop le in the 1920s. 7 I' ve met/solved the problem wi th the machi ne.
5 The emergency organised by our 8 Do you think we' ll meet /do the deadline?
managing dir ecto r.
6 The cri minal was sent to prison by the judge for mIJ 6 Choose the correct word , a, b or c, to
three years. compl ete each sentenc e.
1 There w as a terrib le between the two football
Ell 3
Compl ete the gaps with the, a or an, or leave
players.
a space if no article is necessary.
a co llisi on
1 I' m _ engineer for a large bu ildin g firm . b devastation
2 The fli ght stop s in _ Tokyo. c threat
3 There' s ___ major problem wit h this idea.
2 Can we make som e _ _ to the designs?
4 We' re going skii ng in __ Swiss Alps this w inter.
a mod ifi cation s
5 We thoug ht w e might go to ___ Canada for our
b simul ation s
next holid ay. . c impa ct
6 She wa nts to become nurse w hen she
fini shes school. 3 The ___ industry needs to reduce pollu tion from
7 I thin k cars are the most serious cause of its engi nes.
pol lution in th e w orld . a comet b wind c aviat ion
8 Thi s is one of slowest trai ns I've ever been 4 Can w e the asteroid so it doesn' t hit us?
on. a modi fy b deflect c test
9 The tunnel passes under ___ sea from England to 5 Let' s run anothe r ___ on the co mputer to see
France. • w hat wi ll happen in a real situat ion.
10 Now __ trai ns run tjme5 aoar Pt'twt't'f) (/ modltfcatlarr
Lo ndon and Paris. Tickets for trains cost from b devastation
£25 for a single. c simu lation
6 W e're doin g another fli ght __ on the prototype .
a tunnel
b test
c mass-produce

143
-
--==-10 LANGUAGE REFERENCE
GRAMMAR • verb+ infi nit ive w ith to o r -ing
I like to travel.
lllJI EXPRESSIONSOF QUANflTY I lik e travellin g.
Use expre ssion s of qu antit y to co mm ent o n t he
qu antit y o f a no un . They can be used w it h subjects Other ve rbs includ e: advis e, begin, con tin ue, lov e,
and objects. hate.
I only have a coupl e of shirts left.
Plenty of p eople want to go there. KEY LANGUAGE
.. RAISING AND RFSPONDING TO ISSUF'i
COU NTABLE AND UNCOU NTABLE NOUNS
Some quantifi e rs can o nl y be used w ith a co unt able STATING THE PURPOSE OF THE MEFTING
o r un countabl e no un . We' re he re to discu ss .. .
I w ant to talk (to you ) abo ut ...
Use th ese quanti f ie rs with co unt able no uns:
a couple of, a f ew, man y ENCOU RAGING PEOPLE TO SPEAK
Use th ese qu ant ifi ers w it h uncoun tab le no uns: Go ahead please.
a litt le, muc h Please make your poi nt.

U se the se quantifi ers with both co untabl e and MAKING A POIN l

u nco untable no uns: It' s abo ut th e ...
a lo t o f, no , no n e, some , p lenty of, eno ugh I'm ve ry unh ap py w ith ... I about it.
It's not acceptable - I'm sure you u nderstand that.
GENERAL AND SPFCIFIC NOUNS Sorry, co uld I just say somethi ng pl ease?
Use som e and no w ith general nou ns wi t ho ut an W hat are yo u goi ng to do about it ?
arti cle.
Some peopl e aren 't interested in sport. THANKING PEOPLE FOR THEIR IDEAS
I'd like som e meat. Thank you I Thank s very mu ch for yo u r co mm ent.
N o bikes are allowe d on the pathway. RESPONDING TO POINTS
Use some of, no ne of, plen ty of, a couple of, a lot of Mm m, I und erstand how yo u feel , ...
w ith speci fic plu ral o r unco un tab le nou ns. It' s a serious probl em ...
Som e of th e p eople we were expecting didn 't come. ' W e' re very conc ern ed about t his pro.bl em.
You can use some meat in the frid ge. W e' re takin g it seri o usly ...
N one of them wanted to go. I' m so rry th at yo u're thin kin g of ... , because of ...
A couple of my fri ends live there. SAYING YOU W IU TAKE ACTION
A lot of th e students are getting good marks. I' ll loo k into th e m atte r.
We 're th inkin g abo ut various optio ns to deal wit h it.
IDBI INFINITIVES AND -/NG FORM<, W e' re loo king at vario us ways of dealin g w ith it.
W hen on e verb fo ll ows anot her, it may app ear in t he
infi nit ive o r -ing form. The for m depend s on th e f irst STATING THE KEY POINTS THAT HAVE BEEN AGREED
ve rb, and th e fo llow ing stru ctur es are pos sib le: W ell, to sum up .. .
• ve rb (+ obj ect) + infinitive w ith to
Most people want to live for a 700 years.
VOCABULARY
Everyon e wants th e champion to win again. .. PHRASAL VFRBS
Oth er verbs in clu d e: allow (obj ect+ to ), dec ide , buy into, catc h o n, die o ut, fi nd ou t, keep up w ith,
hope , ma nag e, promise, t each (obj ect + to) . pi ck up o n, slow dow n, t ake over

W e also use t he infi n itive wit h to w it h would + ve rb. mJI FASHION

I like to play tennis. v' designer, fashion, fashio nable, fashion bl ogger,
I like playing tennis. v' fashion-con scio us, fashio n show , fashi on statement,
I'd like to play tennis. v' fashi o n victim , hi gh st reet fashi o n, unfashionabl e,
I'd like playiflg tenn is. x stylist, trendsett er
• verb+ -ing
.. DESCRIBING l Rf.NOS
We prefer watc hin g come dies.
be dow n, be up, decl ine (n/v), decre ase (n/v),
They enjoy pla ying tenn is on Saturda ys.
d ramati c, drop (n/v), fairl y co nstant, fal l (n/v}, go up,
Other verb s incl ud e: pract ise, recommend, suggest, grad ual, greatest fall/r ise, grow , im p rov e (v),
und erstand. increase (n/v), level off, mar ked fall, peak, remain
We also use th e -ing fo rm after a pr epos it io n. (relati ve ly) stab le, rise (n/v), sharp ri se, sharp d ro p,
I'm going to give up learning Spanish. signifi cant, slight, slo w, stab ilise, steady, sudden ,
I'm good at makin g friend s. to p out (at)

144
 EXTRA PRACTICE I
•
BJ 1 Choose the co rrect answer . 5 Complete t he phrases with t he words in
1 _Sorry, I onl y have a lot I a coupl e of hours to do thi s th e box .
and I won't have time tomorrow.
acceptable matter unhap py poi nt here
2 We never have a little I eno ugh mon ey for holid ays.
say sum comment
3 A few I A little people couldn't come this evenin g. - - ----
4 We still have plenty o f I man y sugar in the 1 Please make yo ur _ _ .
cupboard. 2 I' ll look into the _ _
5 Some I Much of yo u need to stay late, but most of 3 Sorry, could I just __ something please?
yo u can leave. 4 Thank you for your _ _ .
6 No I Non e of them know about our secret. Shall I 5 We' re _ _ to di scuss transport.
tell them? 6 We ll, to _ _ up, w e are all agreed about the
7 A lot I A co uple of customers - nearly 80 percent - solutio n.
comp lained about the price, so I suggest we lower it. 7 It' s not _ - I' m sure yo u understand that.
8 I' m very __ w ith these plans.
2 Writ e in the missing words in sentences 1-6.
1 A few my old fri ends wor k in the fashion industry. ml] 6 Comp lete the gaps wi th a preposition .
They all reall y like it. 1 I don't buy ___ this new trend.
2 Plenty people I know only wear black, but I prefer 2 Enthusiasm for the new sports hall died w hen
di fferent co lour ed clothes. they saw the pric e.
3 Can I talk to you about somethin g for co uple of 3 The growth in the popul ation has slowed _ _ in
minute s? recent years.
4 Give him little mo re time - I' m sure he' ll fini sh it. 4 I just can't keep _ _ _ w ith high street fashion s
5 There are lot of students in my cl ass that wa nt to these days.
study English. 5 Do you thin k this fashion for pink will catch _ _
6 None the peopl e in my famil y went to university. 6 Did yo u pick up _ __ the anger in his vo ice?
I was the first. 7 Life expectancy w ill top __ at 100 by the end of
the centu ry and stop rising.
Dl1 3 M atch th e sentence halves. 8 The new craze for red hair is taking _ the
1 I reall y enj oyed popul ation!
2 You' re not allo wed 9 I sho uld buy it befo re th e prices go _
3 M ost peop le wa nt 10 The company's share price levell ed _ at $50
4 He's not good at toda y.
5 They started
6 W e advise you Bl 7 Choos e the cor rect answe r.
a to use a d icti onary in the exam. It' s against the ru les. 1 There's been a gradual/dramatic fall in
b making friends. That's w hy he's so lonely. unemployment figures. They droppe d by over half a
c to make a bookin g befor e you travel. million in only one month.
d wo rking here before I did. 2 H is co nditio n has remained stable /sudden overnig ht,
e pl aying tennis. Let's do it again sometim e. so the doctors are feelin g happi er.
f to li ve to 100. 3 Share prices have remained steady / dramatic
recently, w ith pri ces staying the same.
4 Complete th e sentences wi th the verb in br ackets in 4 Life expectancy is set to rise/ remain sharp ly over
the cor rect form. the next century, wi th many more of us li ving until
1 M ost people wan t _ _ (liv e) in thi s part of town. we' re we ll over 100.
2 She decided ___ (cancel) the appoi ntment. 5 There's been a big/slight fall in the number of car
3 Do yo u enjoy (watc h) nature fi lms? owners, but nothi ng significa nt.
4 He taught me __ (p lay) chess. 6 Sales have declin ed/grown recentl y, so shop owners
5 They' re really good at _ _ (help) w ith prob lems. are very wor ried.
6 We shoul d carry o n _ _ _ (driv e) for another hour .
Are you (come) w ith me?
They suggested __ (take) the train.
I'd love (see) that new fi lm about
Shakespeare.

145
•· - .. 11
-
LANGUAGE REFERENCE

G RAMMAR EB RFPORffD
Em RFPORTED SPFECH To report a qu estion, use expr essions lik e He asked
m e ... , She wanted to know ....
U se reported speech to report someone 's words.
'I want to become a famous singer. 1
For Yes/No q uestio ns (questions wh ich require yes or
She said she wanted to become a famous singer. no as an answer ) use if.
1
always hoped to become an actor.'
/ 'Do you know Peter?'
He said he'd always hoped to become an actor. They asked me if I knew Peter.
Wh en w e use report ed speech, we make changes
'Have you worked on a newspaper before?'
to the tense of the verb, to pron o uns and to t ime
He wanted to know if I had worked on a newspaper.
adverbs. The table shows the most common changes: Fo r oth er qu estion s, use the wh- word.

... 'Why are you interested in TV?'

He asked me why I was interested in TV.
Tenses 'What experience do you have ?'
I wanted to know what experience she had.
present simpl e past simpl e
present co ntinuous past co ntinuous As w ith reported speec h, the verb in the direct
present perfect past perfect question often changes in the report ed qu est ion
past simple past perfect by movi ng back a tense and t here are changes to
will would pro noun s and tim e adver bs.
can could 'Is Rachel com ing to stay tod ay?'
Mum asked me if Rachel was co min g to stay that day.
Pronouns
In reported questions , use the same word orde r as a
he/she
state men t.
we they
Sarah asked me did I want to visit her. x
my his/her
Sarah asked me if I wanted to visit her. v"
our thei r
Time adverbs
D Don 't. use ques ti on marks with a repo rted
M qu estio n.
today - then/that day
yesterday the day before KEY LA NGUAGE
tomorro w the next day/the day after COMPARING AND CONTRASTING
last week the week befor e diff erent from ... , the same as .. ., simi lar to ... ,
mu ch bett er than .. ., less im portant t han ... ,
'I work as a teacher . 1 a lot worse t han .. .
He said he worked as a teacher.
' We left our bags at the station. 1
VO CABUL ARY
They said th ey had left their bags at the station. Dl:SCRIBIN( , BOOKS AND Fil i\1S
'I start my new job today .' atmosph ere, aud iences , breathtakin g, broodin g,
Rita said she started her new job that day. cast, chapter, character, classic, dark , di sturbing,
'They were with me yesterday .' dramatic , entertainin g, episod e, grippi ng,
Laurie said they had been with her the previous day. g rou nd break in g, heavy going, hilarious , mag ni ficent,
novel , o ut- of- thi s-wo rld, o utstan din g, page-turn er,
TELL AND SAY plot, series, sketc h, stun ning
Use tell w ith an object before th e reported speec h.
He told me that he couldn't come out. v" MFDIA GENRES
He told that he couldn 't come out. x animati on, autob iog raphy, cr im e, cu rre nt affa i rs
Never use say w ith an object befo re t he reported prog ramme, documentary , drama series, folk , garage,
speech. hip hop, horror, hosp ital drama , opera , qui z show,
She said me that she would be late. x R&B, rap, reality, reggae, romantic come dy,
scienc e fiction , sitcom, soap, sou l, thrill er
COMMANDS
Use th e infiniti ve wi th to to report a comma nd. WORDS WITH THE ARTS
'Leave my house!' bestseller, biography, blockbu ster, critic, ep ic, hit,
He told the journalist to leave his house . hou sehold nam e, masterpiece, movie rights, roya lt ies

FILMS
action scenes, cho reogra ph (v), dub (v), fu ll-length,
ge nre, hero, heroi ne, lead actor, lead character,
locatio n, main ro le, pitch , seque l, set (n), specia l effects

146
 EXTRA PRACTICE •
11111 1 Rew rite t he se ntences as repo rte d spee ch. 4 Rew rite the q uestio ns as reporte d que'stions .
1 ' I travel 50 miles a day.' 1 'Ca n I he lp you?'
She said -------- --- ----- The sho p assistant asked ---- --- - - -
2 ' I do n't wa nt to talk about it.' 2 'Why are you here?'
He told us that - - - - - -------- The reception ist wa nted to know _____ _ _
3 ' I've ca lled three times.' 3 ' Do you live in Londo n?'
He sa id he ___ _ _ _ _ The tourist asked
4 'Go home!' 4 ' Is this your ca r?'
My father to ld me --- - ------- - The police officer wanted to know ______ _
5 ' Mel is goin g to Australia.'
Jem ma said that _ ______ ______ _ 5 Match th e se nte nce halves .
6 'They lived here from 1863 to 1899.' 1 For some reaso n the seq uel was a lot worse
The tour guide said _ _ _ ___ ___ __ _ 2 All his fi lms are similar
7 ' I' m leavi ng.' 3 The sequel is very different
She said _ ____ _ _ _______ _ 4 Special effects are less importa nt
8 'Stop talking!' 5 Isn' t there somethi ng better
The teac her to ld the class 6 It's the same plot as
a the first one.
2 Read th e co nversat io n betwee n two peo ple w ho
b than the first one.
wo rk for a music magaz ine and co mplete t he report of
c than a good plot.
their meeting be low.
d from the other one.
PETER: We're having this meeti ng to decide who we' ll e to that other one we saw .
feature in the next issue. f tha n that on TV?
BRYAN: I've spoke n to James Blunt and he isn't available
until next mo nth. I' m also trying to co ntact illl] 6 Compl ete th e tab le with the words in
Jennife r Lopez, but I can only get her agent. the box .
PETER: I spoke to Pau l McCartney at a Music Awards
show. He said he can do an interview. c hapte r documentar y folk novel reggae
BRYAN: We ca n't do ano ther issue on The Beatles! Try page-turner reality sitcom soap hip hop
cal ling the Leo n. sou l autobiography episode

Peter an d Bry an had the m eeting to decide

wh o the y 1 __ fe ature in the next issue
of the magazin e Mus ic Now .
Bryan said h e 2 __ t o Jam es Blunt but
he 3 u ntil the following mon th . He
4 ---als o
Lopez, but =-
6
to contact J ennif er
only get h er agent .
Peter said he 6 _ _ to Paul McCart ney an d
mD 7
1
Choose th e corre ct answe r.
The plot/genre of this film is so comp licate d I ca n't
he 7 h e s _ __ do an intervi ew .
understand who is who.
Howev er, Bry an told Peter t hey 9 _ _ do
.2 I hate it whe n they pitch /dub movies. I prefer to hea r

ll!DI 3
--
another Beatles ' issue. He told him 10__
the Kings of Leon instea d.

Put th e wo rds in th e co rrect o rde r to mak e

3

4
the original language .
The first episode of that new detective sequel/series
is on tonight.
There's this hilarious/gripping co medy series set in
a hote l.
sente nces with re porte d speec h. 5 The lead actress gave a(n) outstanding/full -length
1 Thierry asked me _ _ _ _ ____ ____ _ performance. She deserves an Osca r.
had I I I if I seen I you 6 The soap /doc umentar y follows the lives of three
2 Your boss wanted to know rea l-life police officers in New York.
if I late I were I you 7 The special/romantic effects in that film set in space
3 They asked me _ __ ___ __ _ are breathtaking .
8 The sets/characters in Shakespeare are never just as
why I didn 't I ta ke I I I the I job
simple as good and evil.
4 She wa nted to know ___ ______ _ _ _
hadn 't I you I ca lled I why
5 Your parents asked me _
you I were I where

147
 LANG UAGE REFERENCE

GRAMMAR KEY LANGUAGE

11111THIRD CONDITIONAL REACHING A DECISION
Form th e third conditional in the following w ay: The evid ence cl early show s .. .
if-clause + main clause I am sure t hat yo u wi ll find my client innocent .
if + past perfect would/coul d/m ight+ have + The fact s of the case are cl ear.
past particip le I'm not certain he's g uilty because ...
Ther e should be no doubt in your mind s that thi s
If Sarah had asked me, I would have help ed her.
man is guilty.
Use th e third condition al to talk about unreal Jam confident that you wil l find th e d efendant guilty.
situ ation s in th e past, i.e. situation s t hat are co ntrary You can look at it in two w ays.
to th e fac ts. I wi ll brin g w itn esses to co nfirm th at .. .
If he hadn't driven so quickly, the police could have I beli eve he's inno cent b ecause ...
caught him. (He drove qui ckly, the police didn't It's cl ear to me that .. .
catch him .) It seem s to me th at .. .
If she'd been a little nicer, I might have gon e to her I've made up my mind.
party. (She wasn't nice, I didn't go to the party .) It's obvi ous to me t hat ...
We often use th e third co nditional t o:
• talk about regrets.
VOCABULARY
If I'd worke d harder, I might have got better results. mli CRIME
• criti c ise.
CRIM ES
If you'd listen ed to me, you wouldn 't have got into
blackmail , brib ery, cybe r-stalking, dangerou s driving ,
trouble with the police.
kidnapping , mu gging, pickp ocketin g, (armed )
• make excuses.
robb ery, shopli fting , smu gg li ng, spee ding , (car) t heft ,
Sorry, but if the plane had left on time, I wouldn't
vandali sm
have been so late!
PEOPLE CONNEC TED TO CRIME
As wi th th e first and seco nd condition al, we can put
th e accused, attorn ey, bur glar, captor , crimin al,
th e main cl ause first.
th e defe nce, defend ant, d etectiv e, gang, hostage,
MODALS (PAST DEDUCTION ) inv est igators , jud ge, jury, lawye r, (ju venil e) offe nde r,
Use mod al perfec ts to mal<e g uesses (dedu cti o ns) poli ce, pri son er, th e pro secution , pr osecutor , (ban k)
about thin gs in th e past. Th e mod al pe rfe ct is fo rmed robb er, suspect, (car) thi ef/th ieves, victim, witn esses
with a mod al ve rb (e .g. mu st, can, should) + have + THI NGS CONN ECTFD TO CRIM E
past parti cipl e. case, co urt, crim e sce ne, evid ence, exp losives, false
They must have climb ed in through the back pr etences, fin ger print, fraud, getaw ay, guilt y, gun s,
window . jail (U S) I p ri son (UK), a j o b (= a crim e), legal, mask,
They should have ch ecked the car be fore the y left. puni shm ent, raid, ran som, rewa rd, ver dict
Use sh o uld have to say so methin g w as a good id ea, VERBS
but it didn 't happ en. arrest, catch, ch arge (w ith) , chase, conv ict, escape,
To finish the job more quickly the y should have face charges, ho ld up, id ent ify suspect s, in vesti gat e,
asked more people to help. offend, pro ve, rob , smash, stalk, steal, suspe ct, track
Use sho uldn 't have to say somethin g wa sn't a good (som eone) down , vanda li se, w itne ss
id ea, but it happe ned.
He shou ldn 't have driven over the speed limit. .. WORD COMBINATIONS
anti soci al behavio ur, bad behaviour , career d eci sion,
Use mig ht have to say th at it is possib le, but not clo se relati o nship, crimin al beha viour , geneti c link,
cert ain, that som ethin g happen ed. good b ehaviour , hum an behaviour , lo ng tradition ,
He might have decided to ask the police for help. viciou s circl e
Use mu st have to say it is logicall y ce rtain th at
som ethin g happ ened.
There's a broken window at the back so the robber
must have climbed in there.
Use co uldn 't h ave to say t hat it is not possibl e that
som ethin g happ ened.
The judge couldn't have given any other sentence but
20 years in prison for a crime like this.
-,. page 138 fo r present dedu cti o n.

148
 EXTRA PRACTICE Ill
1 Correct the mistake in each sentence. 3 Complete the sentences with the pairs of
1 If Dmitr y has asked me to help, I wou ld have. wo rds in the box.
2 If he hadn't left so much evidence , the po lice
facts + case look + ways evidence + shows
wou ldn't caught him.
find+ cl ient doubt+ mind s you+ defendant
3 I might have become a solicitor if I would w orked
believe + innocent certain + guilty
harder at school.
4 If you'd had listened to me, you wou ldn' t have 1 The _ _ _ clearl y _ _ _ that you were at the
taken the job. scene of the crime.
5 Sorry, but if the plane would had left on time , I 2 The of the are clear.
wouldn 't have been so late! 3 I' m sure you w ill ___ my ___ inn ocent.
6 You cou ld come if you had w anted to. 4 There should be no ___ in your ___ that this
7 We wouldn't have missed the deadline if everyone man is guilty.
had been done what they promis ed. 5 I am conf ident that wi ll find the
8 If I hadn't have heard the news, I wouldn 't have innocent.
known. 6 You can at it in two
7 I' m not she is __ _
DJ 2 Complete the second sentence using a 8 he' s because the w itn ess said he
modal perfect form so that it has a similar meaning w as in a different city at the time.
to the first.
1 The lock was smashed. I'm certain the thief did it. 4 Complete the sentences with the words in
The thi ef smashed the lock. the box.
2 It's possible that the owner forgot where he parked lawyer
fingerprints getaw ay kidnapping
the car. w itness
suspect investigate
The owner ___ forgotten w here he parked
the car. 1 You are acc used of ___ a ten-year-old boy.
3 The lights w eren't on at the house. I' m certain they 2 The poli ce are holdin g the ___ fo r mor e
were sti 11 out. questi ons.
They ___ been home because the lights we ren' t 3 The ___ car w as wai tin g out side for the robb ers.
4 I' d lik e to speak to my _ __ befor e I speak to the
on. .,. police.
4 It's possibl e that they left a message on your
vo icemai l. 5 The detecti ve is tryin g to __ the disappearance
They ___ left a message on your voi cemail. of th e jewe ls.
6 M y first ___ is a w om an w ho was wa lking past
5 The kids ate everythin g - they were reall y hungry.
the park at the time of the murder.
The kids ___ been reall y hungry because they 7 The police found the thief's ___ on the w ind ow.
ate everyt hin g.
6 There isn' t a door at the back. It wasn' t possibl e fo r 5 Matc h t he words to make phrases.
the burglars to get in fro m there.
1 career a relationship
They ___ got in from the back because there
2 long b link
isn' t a doo r th ere.
3 false c circle
7 It w as wr ong of them to take the book without 4 antisocial d crisis
asking me. 5 clo se e pretences
They _ _ _ taken the book w ithout asking me. 6 genetic f traditi on
8 The project we nt co mpl etely wro ng. It wasn't 7 viciou s g deci sion
planned prop erly. 8 hostage h behaviour
They _ __ planned the proj ect properl y because
it we nt comp letely w rong.
9 W e didn' t take out insurance w hen w e w ent on
holi day and "tie had a car accident.
We taken out insurance w hen we we nt o n
holida y.

149
II _PERSONALITY II WORK
1 Discuss these questions w ith a partner . 1 Work in small
1 What technique do actors Dani el Day-Lewis and groups. In yo ur
Joh nny Depp both use? opinion, which
2 How do they prepare for roles? of th ese three
indu stries offers
2a Michael Gou ld is a British actor . Read th ese six th e best career
topics he discusses in an intervi ew. In what orde r do opportunities?
yo u think he will discu ss them? Why ?
a A techni que M ichael alw ays uses • oil and gas
b A techni que peop le misunderstand • banking and finance
c Compani es he has worke d for • insurance
d How another actor prepares
e How he prepared for a particul ar role 2 Caroline Matthews now
f A di rector he has wo rked wi th works in one of th e indu stries in Exercise 1
following an internship . Watch th e interv iew with
2b t he interv iew with Michael. Put the Caroline and answe r th ese questions.
to pics in th e correct order.
1 W hich of the three industries fro m Exercise 1 does
3 Watch the interview again and decide if these she w ork for?
statements are t rue (T) or false (F). 2 W hat is the main purpose of Caroline's video?
a To say how she feels about her job
1 Method actors lose their own personalit ies in a role.
b To give careers advice to yo ung peop le
2 Mi chael thinks Daniel Day-Lewis is a good actor.
c To explain how she got her job
3 D aniel Day-Lewis told Micha el an int erestin g stor y
about actin g. 3a Wo rk in two groups.
4 Mic hael uses some method-acti ng techniques.
Group A: Watch the vid eo again and mak e notes on
5 Psychiatri sts helped Mi chael to understand a
t hese question s.
particular character.
1 W hich indu stry did she originall y wa nt to work in ?
4 Work with a partn er. 1How can acting tech niques 2 W here can stud ents find internships?
help you beco me a more successful language learne r? 3 ' How does she feel about her internship?
Think about the various techniqu es that Mich ael talk ed 4 Why are some internships difficult?
abo ut in the interview. How might they help y ou Group B: Watch th e vid eo again and make notes o n
imp rove you r English? th ese questions.
1 Ho w did she hear about her internship ?
2 How does she feel about the 'assessment day'?
3 Why does she recommend internship s?
Michae l Gould in th e 2009 4 What should you do in an interview?
Royal Shakes pea re Company's 3b Com pare yo ur not es w ith oth er stude nts in yo ur
produ ction of Othello. group.
3c Now wo rk in pair s (A and B) and share
infor matio n with a student from the other group.

4 Work in small groups and discuss these

questi ons.
1 Have yo u ever had advice o n your education
or career? Who gave you the advice?
How good was the advice?
2 What careers advice wo uld
yo u give to a university
student ?
 LANGUAGE

1 Discuss these questions with a partn er.

1 Does your fir st (or main) language have many
di fferent accents or di alects? If yes, how do peopl e
in your country feel about th em?
2 Is yo ur first language spoken in any other countries?
Which ones?
3 Is there a standard form of your first language? If yes,
how do yo u know it is the standard form?

2 Hitchings is an author and expert II ADVERTISING

on the English language. Watch the interview with
Henry. Does he believe t hat British English is the best 1 You are going to watch an interview with Vena
language fo r globa l communicatio n? Raffle, Head of Inv estigations at the Adv ertising
Standard s Authority (ASA) in the UK. Look again
3a Read these six opinions from differ ent people at the text on page 158. Why did the ASA ban an
abou t the English language. Do you think Henry advert isement with Amer ican actress Julia Roberts?
Hitc hings would agree (A) or disagree (D)?
1 'A language belongs to every person w ho can
2a Before yo u watch , w hat do yo u thin k Vena Raffle
might talk about? Choose four topic s from this list.
speak it.'
2 'G lobish is a good w ord for the internati onal English a W hat the ASA is, and why it exists
that business peopl e use.' b W hat kind of people make comp laints
3 ' In the futur e, peopl e will learn to speak tw o form s c Wha t happens to a compla int at the ASA
of English.' d Examples of bad adverts
4 ' Nativ e speakers of English should simp lify their e The name of a specific co mpany (e.g. Lancome)
language in int ernational communi cation.' f Advice on how to make a good advert
5 ' Engli sh wi ll not be the only language of global g The future of the ASA
co mmuni catio n in the future.'
2b th e int erview. Which four topics
6 'In the future, the most im portant changes in the
above did Vena discuss? What can you remember
English language w ilthcome from the USA.'
about each one?
3b Watch again and chec k your answers to
Exercise 3a. What differences are there betwee n the 3a Match t hese key words from the interview with
sente nces in Exercise 3a and Henry's opinions? What the ir meanings 1-5.
add ition al information does he give?
cl aim counci l department evidence rulin g
.1. Wo rk in small groups and discuss. People today
1 a group of peop le that are chosen to make rul es,
-:e2k one or more of the world's 6,000- 7,000
laws or decisions, or to give advice
- =-:Jages. However , around 500 languages may soon
2 acts or signs that show clearly that somethin g exists
extinct.
or is true
• · !:npo rtant to have a variety of different languages in 3 a statement that something is true
... orld? Why?/W hy not? 4 an official decisio n
"d governments spend money on protecting ·s one of the groups of people w ho work together in
languages?W hy?/Why not? a particula r part of a large organisatio n such as a
JU Id 'ou learn a foreign language even if you didn 't university or co mpany
ro? \ Vhy?/Why not?
3b Watch again and make notes to help you comp let e
these sentences.
1 If the com pl aint is qui te simple, the
Department wi ll deal w ith it.
2 If the cou ncil agrees with a report from Vena's
department, _ will be made.
3 If an advert is mislead ing, it w ill be ___ to make
a decision.
4 If an advertiser does not the ASA w i II put a
rulin g on the ir website.

4 Work in small groups. In your opinion , wh y might

a company choos e t o make an advert that th ey know
will offend some people?

151
 THE EXPERT
• EDUCATION FJ DESIGN
1Work with a pa rtner and answer these questions. 1 Work in groups of three. Look at the photos of the
1 Wh at ca n you reme mber about Ma ria Mo ntesso ri? 'hush pod chair' by product and furniture designer
2 Wh at is the Mo ntessori method? Freyja Sew e ll, then discuss the five questions in the
extract below from a book about design .
2a are going to watch an interview with
Rob Gueterbo ck, who works at a Montessori school.
Watch the interview and complete sentences 1 and 2
with phrases a- h. Which phrase can go in both
sentences?
1 In traditio nal education , c hildren . . .
2 In Montesso ri educat ion, children .. .
a are able to follow their own interests.
b learn by doin g, not by listenin g.
c learn accordin g to a curriculum.
d learn with the who le class.
e learn ind ividually and in small groups.
f form mixed age communiti es.
g learn onl y w ith child ren of the sam e age .
h learn at their own pace. Designers have to ask themse lves ques tions such as:
2b Watch the interview again and take notes on the 'Is tho produc t really wante d?' ,
'How is it different from everything else on the market?',
following. 'Does it fulfil a need?',
1 Reaso ns for beco ming a Montesso ri teac her 'Will it cost too much to manufactu re?'
2 The Montessori method of lea rning and 'Is it safe?'.
3 Wh y Montesso ri schools ca ll tea che rs 'g uides'
4 Montesso ri edu catio n in different countrie s 2 the interview with Freyja. Tick (v") the
5 Wh at Rob thinks abo ut children and tec hno logy adjectives you hear.
2c Compare your notes w ith a partner. • sustainable • renewab le
• e legant • careful
3a Imagin e that you have been asked to give a report • innovative • trad itio nal
to the Ministry of Education in another country . The • natural • rigid
Ministry wants to improve the level of education of • mass-produced • d isposab le
school children aged 6-16. Work in three groups . Each
group should give a short report on the advanta ges of 3a Watch the interview again. Match each object or
three different approaches to education . Decide mate rial (1-6) to its description in the video (a-f) .
on a definition for your group's approach to education. 1 a light bulb 4 woo l
Then decide on th e advantages of your group 's 2 a c ha ir 5 starc h
approach to education. 3 woo l felt 6 starch-bound wool
• Group A: traditional education a something conn ecte d to a particular co untry
• Group B: Mo ntessori education b something used becau se it was hard
• Group C: digital education c so mething used beca use it was soft
3b Take turns to give your reports. Decide which d something used beca use it was natural
group gave the best reasons. e something deve loped in an other co untry
f something that is an exa mple of a good des ign
3b How do we know that materials are important to
Freyja?
4 Do you own a mobile phone, smart phon e or tablet
computer? Work in groups . Compare the designs of your
phones or tablet computers by discussing the se features.
• form (style and beauty)
• sound design (e.g. does it 'click' or 'whistle'?)
• function and efficiency
II BUSINESS Im TRENDS
1 Yo u are go ing to 1 Work w ith a partner. Read these sit uations , t hen
watch an interv iew di scuss th e questions below.
with Teresa Le, chef a The owner of a fashi on magazine in Los Angeles
and owner of Ladudu, w ants to find out which styles are popular in youth
a Vietnamese subcultu res of big cities. For example, she w ould like
restaur ant in London. to find out if young people in Moscow or Londo n
Before yo u watch, have similar styles to yout h in Istanbul or Berlin.
read these ext racts b The ow ners of a luxury hote l in Krakow wo uld like
from the in terview to give their guests a better experience. They w ant
and discuss to find a way of showing visitors why th ey should
questions a-f with a alw ays choose their hotel.
partner. c The owners of a clothi ng company in Manchester
are prepari ng their business plan. They wa nt to
make clo thes for on ly one of the fo llowing: chil dren
(0- 17), yo ung adults (18- 30), adults (3 1-64 ) or
pensioners (65+ ). They wa nt to fi nd out w hich is best.
1 W hy might trends be importa nt to the owners of
0 'Why don't I jus t go about and teach people how to each of these businesses?
make good Vietnames e food at home?' 2 What advice wou ld you give them? W hy?
a W hat are the advantages of teaching people to coo k
in their own hom es? 2 are go ing to watch an interv iew with
0 ' Running a restaurant is actually very different to Cate Trotter, Head of Trends at a London-based
runnin g a mo bile home -cookin g business.' trend-spottin g consultancy. Watch the interv iew and
do the following.
b W hat do you think 'a mobi le home-cooking
business' is? 1 While w atchi ng, dec ide w hich bu sinesses in
c How is running a restaurant diff erent from runnin g a Exercise 1 Cate can help. Circle the letter (a-c) if you
mob ile hom e-cooking business? think she can give them adv ice and help.
2 After watchin g, wo rk w ith a partner. How does Cate
0 'The business is Ladu"'au. La in Vietnamese mea ns help businesses?
"leaf" and dudu means "papaya", so together it's
"papaya leaf" .' 3 Decide if these statements are true (T) or false (F).
d How did you choose the name of a bu siness? Then watch the interview again to check yo ur answe rs.
0 '/ do quite like Jamie Oliver. I admire him for his 1 The history of a trend is importa nt to Cate's work.
passion. To me, he's m ore than a chef.' 2 Cate gives presentations and repor ts to her cl ients.
e How might Jamie O liver (a w ell - known British chef) 3 Trend tou rs he lp her cl ients understand a trend from
a custom er's point of view.
be ' more than a chef'?
4 Sustainabili ty affects the food business more than
0 '/ wanted to start my own business because . .. ' other types of business.
f Wh y do you think Teresa wanted to start her own 5 Understandin g trends gives compan ies an advantage
busin ess? over other s.
6 Global trends usually appear in different countri es at
2a the interview with Teresa. In what
differen t tim es.
order do you hear the extracts in Exercise 1? Write 1-5
in the boxes . 4 Work in small groups . Cate says that she helps
2b Work with a partner. Look at questions a- f again . businesses find new opport un ities.
Can you remembe r Teresa's answers? What oppo rt unities might come
from the fo llowing trends?
2c Watch the interview again and check Teresa's
• More and more people
answers to questions a- f.
getting a university
3 Teresa's friends gave her mon ey to help open her education
restaurant. Work with a partner to discuss the fo llowing. • Higher prices for food,
especiall y meat and fish
Wh at are the advantages and disadvantages of
• A larger num ber of
starting a business:
adults w ho choose to be
• with friends?
single and li ve alone
• w ith famil y?
• - ing a bank loan?

153
 .,
THE EXPERT
m CRIME
2 You are going to watch an intervi ew with Stefanie
B\erwerth, a \)ub\\<:,het o{ cx\m e t\C.t\on. \>.e{ote 'jOU
watc.h , match th ese worc\5 with their meanings l1-5)
1 a \'Vhat is/a re yo ur favourite genre(s) of films and
below .
fiction? Give a score from 0 to 5 to each of these
genres (0 = I have no int erest in this; 5 = I love thi s). crucial detect ive psyche psycho logical
solve
crime, thrill er and mystery science fict ion fantasy
horror romance humo ur historical 1 relating to the way that your mind w orks and the
way that this affects yo ur behaviour
1b What is most import ant for a goo d crime story -
2 extrem ely imp ortant because everyth ing else
th e plot, the sett ing or th e characters? Why?
depends on it
3 a poli ce officer whose job is to discov er information
about crim es and catc h criminals
4 to find the correct answe r to a problem or the
explanation for somethi ng that is diffi cult to
understand
5 someone's mind , or their deepest feel ings, w hich
contro l their attitude s and behaviour

3a the int erview and answer these

questions . According to Stefanie:
1 wh y is crim e fict ion such a popu lar genre?
2 wh at differ ent types of crim e fict ion are there?
3 what makes a great thriller ?
3b Watch the interview again and complete th ese
notes from a summ ary of it. Write between one and
t hree words fro m the interview in each gap .

. According to Stefanie: ,
1 crime fiction is more pop ular than _ · _ _ and

TH.ii·· 2

3
4
many readers enjo y reading about the ___ of
the mind.
there are many _ _ _ crime fict ion.
female readers are more likel y to prefer __ _
crime stories.
5 _ _ _ are very popul ar with pub lishers because
they sell wel l.

FELIX RILEY 6 readers are becoming more interested in cri me

ficti on from

4 Work in small gro ups. What are the benefits for

language learn ers of the following?
• Reading fiction in English
. • Using an eReader rather than a book
' .
'!\' , ;'. ,· :· .: ...... ..
 ACTIVITIES
LESSON 10.4 EXERCISE 4A (PAGE 103) LESSON 4.4 EXERCISE SA (PAGE 4;3)
RESIDENT 1 STUD ENT D
Think abo ut the probl ems and make notes of you r ideas You think the best opt ion is to send senior and middle
for solvin g them. You wa nt: managers to the UK and the USA for crash cou rses, and
• all clubs and bars to close at midni ght. to prov ide as many one-to-one classes as possible. Try to
• a new, underground car park to be built in the tow n persuade the other members to accept your ideas. Use
centre the ideas below and yo ur ideas from Exercise 2b.
• the Sandy Cove proj ect to be cancelled - it's • M anagers w ill learn English quickly.
expensive and not good for the environment. • Crash courses in th e UK I the US are the most
• more flats and houses to be built for student s. effecti ve way of learnin g Engli sh.
• O ne-to-one teachi ng means that managers can learn
LESSON 2.3 EXERCISE 11B (PAGE 21) English at a time that is convenien t for th em.
• You do not wa nt to have on lin e cou rses. In yo ur
STUDENT A
opinion , th ey are not effect ive. You need face-to-face
Read abo ut jobs 1 and 2 below and tell Student B a contact w ith a teacher.
little about them. Ask qu estions about your partn er's
experience to find out if he/ she is suitable for either of LESSON 12.3 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE 121)
the jobs.
STUDENT B
Have you ever don e any voluntary work?
- Yes, I have. Julie Barriskell used to be a school friend of the victim ,
Oh, when did you do that? but became jealous of her success. Julie was the last
- Well, I worked for Save the Children last summer. known person to see the vic tim . She sent a text message
to the vict im and invited her to the lake at 5 p.m.
Police have a reco rd of the text message. She is a friend
of Dr Drake Rarnorey. She has an ali bi from 8 p.m.

Vacanciesfor speakers of two languages to accompany LESSON 12.4 EXERCISE 5 (PAGE 123)
small groups of fourteen-year-old students to major
STUD ENT B CASE 1
European cities such as Paris, London and Rome.
The ideal person will: The fo llowing information is for to use in the
have experience of looking-..after groups of children. di scussion to help yo u reach a decision .
have knowledge of at least two major Europeancities. • Woman got angry and lost co ntro l.
be reliable and well-organised. • M an already unco nsciou s and no danger.
• Burglar had no weapon.
• Woman gave no warning.
• Burglar was small and light.

We require four active, strong and enthus iastic LESSON 3.4 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE 33)
young adults to accompanya trip for older people to CANDIDATES
the foothills of the Himalayas.The ideal person will:
have experience of working with or looking after
older people.
have experience of working in a foreign country.
be responsible and reliable.
Name of interviewer
················································································
Answer Student B's questions about jobs 3 and 4.
For each category, write a number from 1 to 5.
(1 = excellent, 5 = poor)
LESSON 3.2 EXERCISE 108 (PAGE 29) l Did the interviewer make you feel relaxe d?
STUDENT A 2 How good/fair were the interviewer's questions?
Listen and correcfStudent B, using the prompts below. 3 Did the interviewer give you enough time to
answer the questions?
Repeat the whole sentences.
4 How carefully did the interviewer listen to your
1 Poland answers?
2 for nin e months 5 How appropriate were the follow-up questions?
3 Spanish
6 How effective was the interview?
- !:ences below . Your partner will correct yo u.
- '.'. orking from home for two years? Overall quality of interviewe r
c studyi ng computi ng since January?
drivi ng for six years?

155
2
COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
LESSON 3.4 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE 33) LESSON 5.1 EXERCISE7A (PAGE 47)
INTERVIEWERS STUDENTA

Evaluation .................
......................... sheet

Name of candidat e ................................................................................

For each category, write a number from 1 to 5.

(1 = excellent, 5 =poor )
1 Personality (outgoing? friendly?)
2 Comm unication skills (good 7 poor?)
3 Enthusiasm (enthusiastic? energetic? motivated?)
4 Experience (experi ence d? lacks enough
exp erience? )
5 Answers to questio ns

Over all quality of candidat e ........................................

LESSON 5.3 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE 51)

LESSON 4.2 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE 39)
FATHER
GROUP A You und erstand that yo ur son wa nts a coo l, fast bik e,
Here are some notes to help you prepare fo r the moti on: but you don 't wa nt to pay a lot of mone y. How ever, you
The English-speaking wo rld should adopt Ameri can think that the smallest, cheapest bike is too small .
English.
• Ame rican spellin g easier-. LESSON 6.3 EXERCISE 10A (PAGE 61)
• Ameri can bi gger influ ence - film s, TV, music, youth
STUDENTA
cultu re
• O ne English form - makes communication easier, and Education in Chi na
easier for students • In China, childr en begin prim ary school at the age of
• America largest eco nom y in wo rld seven, except in Beijin g, Shanghai and major cit ies
w here children can begin school at six and a half years.
LESSON 4.4 EXERCISE SA (PAGE 43) • Compul sory education lasts for nin e years.
• Chi ldr en go to prima ry school for six years and then
STUDENTA juni or middl e school fo r three years.
You think the best option is to send as many staff as • They can comple te their secondary education by
possible to the language school near Head Offi ce. Try to studying a further three years but that is not compulso ry.
persuade the other memb ers to accept your ideas. Use • 7.5 percent of the population enrol in higher
the ideas below and your ideas from Exerc ise 2b. education.
• Staff wi ll be away from their offi ces so they can focus • A w ide vari ety of four - to five-year undergraduate
on learnin g Engli sh wit hout interrupt ion s. progr ammes are availab le and there are also some
• The courses are not expensive. special two - to three-year spec ial programmes.
• The teachers are we ll trained and professional. • All education in China is free, includin g uni versity
• You do not want English classes at Head Office accommod atio n.
because staff w on' t attend regularly.
LESSON 12.4 EXERCISE 5 (PAGE 123)
LESSON 12.3 EX.fRCISE 8 (PAGE 121)
STUDENT C CASE 1
STUDENT C The followi ng info rmation is for you to use in the
M artha Smith is seventy-five years old and wa lks her discussion to help you reach a decision.
dog by the lake every morning. She fo und the bod y • The wo man was extremely fright ened.
and polic e have not been able to find any connection • Felt that she w as in great danger in her own hom e.
between her and the victim . She was a j udge before • Didn ' t know how many burgl ars there were.
she retired and is a we ll-r espected member of the • There had been several burgl aries with violence in the
community. area recently .
• The defendant had no co nfide nce in the police.

156
LESSON 8.4 EXERCISE 6A (PAGE 83) LESSON 9.3 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE <)1)
DOMINO REPRESENTATIVES FOR THE MOTION
Read t he information below and prepar e fo r the Think about:
negotiation . When there are options , make a decision • how big projects affect local commun iti es in a
about wh at are the most im port ant points for yo u. negative way . Thin k of three different ways.
Try to get a good deal. You wan t: • how and why the money should be spent on
• Q uantity: 50,000 unit s. important essential things like housing. Think of two
• Designs: Oasis - 10,000 units; M irage - 15,000 units; other essential thin gs.
Horizon - 25,000 units; you make a much bigger • w ho the projects mainl y benefit? The loca l people?
profit on the Mirage and Horizon designs. Or just the bu ilding compa nies, the politicians and
• Delivery: 7 August, 21 August or end of August; best the rich?
date is 7 August - important because retailers wi ll • how some big projects can damage the environme nt.
start selling the winter range in September. • how these pro jects are very expensive and who pays
• Payment: after 60 days (best time), after 30 days for them.
or on deli very • you r own ideas for the motion.
• Discount: 10% (hi gh), 5% (usual discou nt for
w holesalers), 3 % (low) LESSON 10.4 EXERCISE 4A (PAGE 103)
MAYOR
LESSON 9.2 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE 89)
Lead the discussion. Listen to people 's opin io ns and
Make as many present or past simp le sentences from suggestio ns, and respond t o t hem. You want:
the tab le as yo u can. Mak e guesses if necessary. You • increased parking fines so that more people use the
have ten minutes. (You will need to add prepositions , buses.
eg by, in or to.) • part of the beach to be private and heavy fines for
peop le leaving rubb ish on the beach.
1 The ballpoint pen Carl Benz • the Sandy Cove project to go forward. It wil l create
in 1884 jobs and prov ide extra parking space.
2 Nokia mob ile
phones South Afr ica • th e universities to build more student
accommodation .
3 Diamonds Alexander
-. make Fleming
4 The World LESSON 1.2 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE 9)
Wide Web create Sri Lanka
STUDENT B
5 The telephone Musl im
manufacture Sigmund Freud was born on 6 May 1856 in 1__ _ •
mathematician
6 Tea
Al-Khwarizmi
He we nt to the University of Vienna and studied
2
invent __ . He graduated in 188 1 as a Doct or of
7 Toyota cars
Isaac Newton Medic ine. He li ved in Vie nna for 3 years. In
8 The first motor car discover Laszlo Biro
4
1907, th e psychiatrist __ was introduced to
9 The Republi c Freud and together they for med the International
Mark Zuckerberg
ofTur key grow Psychoanalytical Association . Jung was its fir st president.
5 emigrated to London . His brother lost all his
Tim Berners-Lee
10 Gravity mi ne prop erty when he left Vienna. Freud lived in a house in
Japan
11 Algebra 6 • He died in 1939.
develop Fi nland
12 The first mercury
thermometer Ataturk LESSON 3.4 EXERCISE 7A (PAGE 33)
13 Facebook Fahrenhei t CANDIDATES
14 Penici llin Alexander Bell
1 Revi ew and discuss what type of person th e club is
looking fo r.
2 Think of some adjecti ves to describe your
LESSON 12.4 • EXERCISE 5 (PAGE 123)
persona lity.
STUDENT C CASE 2 3 Think of t hree questions you think they will ask at
Your job is to briefly summarise the case so that your interv iew.
everyo ne in yo ur group is clear about the detai ls of 4 Th ink about your answers to the q uestions in
the case. Then join in the discussion and express you r Exercise 3 above. You may use information from
opi nion about what the others say to reach a decision. your own life and experience or you may invent any
information you wis h.

157
i!! COMMUNICATION ACTIVITIES
LESSON 12.3 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE 121) LESSON 5.2 EXERCISE 2 (PAGE 48)
STUDENT A
Rex Peterson, an army veteran, has been hacking into
the victim' s comput er and monitoring the victim ' s
whereabouts for the last year. He has many photos of Advertisers regularly edit and touch up imagesto make their models
the vict im and the victi m has complain ed about him to more attractive so that consumerswill spend more money on their
the police. ' products and services.However, this manipulation of images has
been attracting increasing criticism from the general public and also
LESSON 12.4 EXERCISE 5 (PAGE 123) from celebrities. There is a feeling that photoshopping has gone too
far and that it is harmful to society,and especially to young people.
STUDENT A CASE 1
The argument is simple. Constant exposureto digitally-enhanced
Your job is to briefly summarise the case so that
picturesthat show apparently 'perfect' people is distorting children's
everyone in yo ur group is clear about the detai ls of
and young adults' view of t he world. It can cause young people to
the case. Then join in the discussion and express your
have unrealisticexpectationsabout their body image and can lead
opin ion about what the others say to reach a decision.
to eating disorders and emotional problems. No wonder t hat fifty
CASE2 percent of women between sixteenand twenty-one say they
would consider cosmeticsurgery. And some teenagers are even
The fo llo wing inform ation is for yo u to use in the
havingtheir school photographsairbrushedto make them appear
di scussion to help yo u reach a deci sion.
like models.
• The woman is making the man's life impo ssible.
• He is stressed and receiving medica l treatment. Thankfully, governments are beginningto put pressureon the
• He is in danger of losing his job. advertisingindustry. In the United Kingdom, the Advertising
• He feels like a prisoner in hi s own home StandardsAut hority banned an advertisement by Lanc6me
, • He is worri ed about w hat she might do next. featuring the actressJulia Roberts.They said that the flawless skin
seen in the photo was too good to be true. Other governments are
CASE3 proposingthat all digitally-enhancedimages should have a
The follow ing information is for you to use in the warning label.
di scussion to help you reach a decision. There have also been developments in the celebrity world, with
• It was an accident. a number offamous people taking action. Kate Winslet famously
• He was not speedin g. took action againstGO magazine for digitally altering her body in
• The car was in good condition . its photographs, making her unrealistically t hin. When Brad Pitt
• The road was narrow and needed repairs. appeared on the cover of W Magazine,he requested that there
• The people out side the cafe were sitting in a should be no retouchingand selected a photographer, Chuck Close,
dangerous position. who was well known for his detailed portraits that showed skin
flaws. Britney Spears agreed to show 'un-airbrushed images of
LESSON 5.1 EXERCISE 7A (PAGE 47)
herself next to the digitally-altered ones.' Her aim was t o 'highlight
STUDENT B the pressure put on women to look perfect'. The 'before' and 'after'
images of Britney Spears were striking. Some of the changes made
to her original photographed body included slimmer hips, a smaller
waist, and the removal of cellulite.
Manipulating imagesof people in commercialsis not acceptable
because it is particularly damagingto young people. They are being
set impossiblestandards of body image by the widespread use of
this technique - photoshopped imagesdestroy young people'sself-
esteem. We need to follow t he example set by some celebrities and
refuse to accept th is practice. And we need to put pressure on our
government to introduce more legislation.
L __

LESSON 5.3 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE 51)

MOTHER
You feel ver'{ stroni l'f tl\at 'fG \JX san sl\add a
that is very safe, not too big and not too fast. You have
heard stories about terribl e accide nts w ith quad bikes.
You don't want one w ith a big engine .

158
 I
--
iiiiiiii

LESSON 10.4 EXERCISE 4A (PAGE 103) LESSON 1.4 EXERCISE SA (PAGE 13)
STUDENT
Th ink about the pro bl ems and make note s of yo ur as d d a , ged
ide as fo r so lvin g th em . You wa nt: A calm person. Speaks in a soft voice
• free travel for st udents on buses. More co unci l with an Indian accent.
accom modatio n fo r students at low rents. _..., Serious at all t imes during the interview.
c Has strong opinionsabout everything.
• the co unci l to cancel the Sandy Cove project. It w ill Ql
E Likes discussing economics and politics.
destroy the beau ty of the beach. :!::
2
• the po lice to be more friend ly and understandi ng. a; Your three best qualities? 'reliable, hard-working,
• all young people be able to stay out late at night and o:: knowledgeable'
have fu n in clubs . Your worst qualit y? 'I get very impatient if people
don't do t heir job properly.'
LESSON 5.3 EXERCISE 8B (PAGE 51) Your ideal boss? 'Someonewho praises you whenever
you do good work.'
·ame Dolph in Barracuda Shark Dirt Monster Why choose him? 'I will do my best for your company
x300 xlOO x400 x700 at all t imes.'
Non-smoker,vegetarian and doesn't drink alcohol.
_ength 1,100 mm 1,60 0 mm ·1,700 mm 2,300 mm
Interests : art , philosophy and current affairs.
E.-:g ine size 50 cc 125 cc 250 cc 300 cc Dressed unfashionably in a dull, grey suit.
-op speed 22 kph 28 kph 75 kph 80 kph
€300 €550 €3,000 €3,200
ijijijij§wmraum1 ;;r
:::.!iety ratin g
***** ***** **** ** Family emigrated to Australiawhen
he was 14 years old. Speaks English
with a strong Japaneseaccent.
LESSON 6.3 EXERCISE 10A (PAGE 61) Thoughtful, polite, sociable.
STUDENT B
Educat ion in France Your three best qualities? 'calm, strong sense of duty
• Sin ce 196 7, school att endan ce has been co mpu lso ry will put companyint erests first ' '
for those from six to years of age. Your worst 'I .get upset and angry if people are
• Many ch ildren enter vo lunta ry kind ergartens at the not P?l1te to me. I don t like people criticising me.'
age of th ree. Your ideal boss? 'Someone who is underst anding and
• Pri mary schoo lin g lasts for six years. asks for my opinion frequently'
• Secondary school ing is div ided into two stages: Smokes cigars in t he evening.
• Stage 1 - from eleven to fifteen yea rs; almost all ln.terests : motorbike riding, tango dancing, ent ertaining
friends
child ren now attend a college.
• Stage 2 - from fifteen to eightee n years they stud y in a Smartly dressed in a suit, white shirt and designer tie
gene ra l, techni ca l or vocational lycee .
• 53 .6 percent of the French popu lation enrol in high er
education. LESSON 8.4 EXERCISE 6A (PAGE 83)
• There are two kind s of univer sitie s in France: pub lic
univers iti es and Grandes Eco les (that set highe r SUNSPEX SALESPEOPLE
standard s). Read the information below and prepa re for the
• Higher educ ation is primar il y paid for by the French n egot iation . Wh en the re are opt ions, m ake a decis i on
taxpayers so t uition fees are very low . abo ut w hat are t he most im po rtant po ints for yo u.
Try t o get a good dea l.
LESSON 4.2 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE 39) You wa nt to sell:
GROUPB • Quantity: 50,000 uni ts.
• Des igns: Oas is - 25 ,000 u nits ; M irage - 15,000 unit s;
Here are some to help yo u prepare against th e
H orizon: 10,000 un it s; yo u make a m uch bi gger profit
mot ion:
on th e Oasis and M irage designs.
t'"lgl ish-speak ing wo rl d should adopt American
• Del ivery: 14 September (best time ), 7 Septemb er or by
.. sh.
the end of A ugust (bad time)
' d iffe rences - fun and inter est ing
• Payment: on deli very, after 30 day s or after 60 days;
- --sh Engli sh - language of Shakespeare and famou s
import ant to get yo ur mon ey qui ckl y because you
-- aut hors/po ets
need to pay int erest on a large bank loa n.
· j ust A meri can Engli sh - other va ri eti es
• D isco unt : 0% (best), 2% (fo r cash o n deli very), 8%
(e.g. Au stralian , Iri sh, Indi an)
(for orders over 60, 000 )
• You ca nnot regul ate language. It deve lops natur all y.

159
 ACTIVITIES
LESSON 5.3 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE 51) LESSON 8.3 EXERCISE 2 (PAGE 80)
SO N
You w ant the biggest, fastest bi ke w ith the biggest OBITUARIES
engine. Your fri ends w ill think you are sill y if yo u have
Mark McCorma ck
a b ike w ith a really small engine. You thi nk you are
responsib le and w ill dri ve safely.
1
Mark Hume McCormack, sports prof itable business. By 1 99 0
agent. died on 16 May, aged he had become the most
seventy-two. Mark McCormack powerful person in sport.
LESSON 6.3 EXERCISE 10A (PAGE 61)
started t he industry of sports 3 IMC expanded to include a
STUDENTC marketing. He was t he first television production company,
Education in Ar gentina person to realise that sports sports academies and a branch
personalities could earn extra represent ing t op models such
• Argentina has nin e years of compu lsory schoolin g.
money from endorsements as Kate Moss.
• Basic educati on is div ided into three-year phases
and sponsorship. The 4
correspondin g to junior and senior primary school company which he founded, By t he end of his life, he had
and midd le (or lower secondary) schoo l. Internat ional Management also published several books,
• After this period of compu lsory education, students Group (IMC), represents many including t he best-selling
have the cho ice of studying further or not for three of t he most famous sports What they don't teach you at
years in upper seco ndary. Harvard Business Schoo l.
people in t he world such as
5 He will be remembered for
• 48% of the pop ul ation enrol in higher educat ion. Tiger Woods. Pete Sampras,
• First degrees for teachers and technicians last for three t he Williams sisters and Michael his ability to negot iate huge
years but there are longer degrees for four to six years Schumacher. contracts for a wide range
fo r engineering, medicine and law. 2
McCormack had been a of sports personalit ies and
promising college golfer. celebrities.
• U niversity education is free but students have to pay
6 He leaves t hree children from
for accommodat ion, transport and materials. However, after graduating from
• Argentina has one of the most educated popul ations Yale Law School he worked his first marriage and one from
in Latin Am erica. as a lawyer. Lat er, he realised his second to former t ennis
t hat sports market ing had professional. Betty Nagelson.
great potent ial. His first client, Mark McCormack,
LESSON 7.2 EXERCISE 3A (PAGE 68) in 196 0, was Arnold Palmer, born 6 Novemb er 1930 ;
STUDENT B the famous golfer. Thanks t o died , 6 May 2003
his energy and entrepreneurial
skills, he built up a highly

In the 1930s des igners increas ed the efficiency of boats OBITUARIES

and aircraft by givin g them smooth and curved shapes.
1
Then, in 1934, Chrysler launched its new streamlin ed ChaleoYoovidhya, inventor of Thai, and beganselling it around
car, the Airflow. This was the start of the use of the popular energy drink'Red the country duringthe 1970s.
aerod ynamics in car design. Streamlini ng, as it was Bull' died on 17 March. By the 4
In 1982, an Austriantoothpaste
called, was about speed, efficiency and, most of all, the time of his death he had become
salesman, Dietrich Mateschitz,
modem world. Designers realised Lhat consumers were one of Asia's richest men and one
was in Thailand and dranka can
of the 250 wealthiest people in
attracted to other streamlined products, and so they began of the drink to help his tiredness
the world.
to use streamlinin g in a wide ran ge of domt>stic 2
and jetlag. It worked well and
The third son of a Chinese father
applian ces, such as refrigerators. t he went into partnership with

I
. and a Thai mother, he grew up Chaleo. TI1e launchof the new
The designer Henry Dreyfuss helped to develop a new in northern Thailand.The family product, 'Red Bull',as it was now

I
theory about design call ed ergonomics. He believed that was poor and made a living called,was in Austria in 1987.
mac hines worked better if they were adapted to people's selling ducks and fruit. Chaleo It is now sold in overseventy
need s. His reputa tion was based on the Bell 3000 workedfrom a youngage and countries around the world. The
telepho ne. Because of its ergonomic design, it was easy did not complete his secondary market research done at the time
for people to use. education. He later earned a of the launch suggested it was
At this time a number of new material s were used in I living as a bus conductor and a
salesman, as well as by helping
going to fail. It has annualsales
of 4.6 billion cans.
des ign, such as Bakelite (an earl y type of plastic). It was in his brother's pharmacy in 5
Although extremelysuccessful,
a perfect material for produc ing smooth, streamlined
produ cts. ) ' 3
Bangkok.
Always interested in science, in
the 1960s he set up a company
Chaleoremained a private man
and had not given an interview
or made a public appearance for
LESSON 12.3 EXERC ISE 8 (PAGE 121) called TC Pharmaceuticals. He over thirtyyears. He was married
worked on his own formula for twiceand had eleven children.
STUDENT F an energy tonic whichwas given Chaleo Yoovidhya,
Encourage people to talk abo ut how the crim e w as to truck drivers to help them
born 17AW!llSt 1923:
committed. Do not reveal thJ's jnfom JBfjo» Jj)) »L".3/J,he srayawake. He -.::.-..,J+ '""' ·
encf: fee mefts.
 --
LESSON 4.4 EXERCISE SA (PAGE 43) LESSON 12.4 EXERCISE 5 (PAGE )23)
STUDENT B STUDENT B CASE 3
You think the best option is to hire two English language Your job is to bri efl y summarise the case so that
teachers to give courses at Head Offi ce. Try to persuade everyone in your group is clear about the details of
the other members to accept your idea. Use the ideas the case. Then join in the discussion and express your
below and your ideas from Exercise 2b. op inion about w hat the others say to reach a decision.
• The teachers w ill teach British English and American
English. LESSON 11.2 EXERCISE 2A (PAGE 108)
2 • You wil l be able to control closely the language
STUDENT C
training they prov ide.
• Staff w ill attend classes when it is convenient for them.
• You do not want to use the nearby English language
school. You think staff w ill take too much tim e after
classes returnin g to Head Office.

LESSON 10.4 EXERCISE 4A (PAGE 103)

RESIDENT2 1
Stanley Kubrick is often
Think about the problems and make notes of your describ ed as a perfectio nist
ideas for solving them. You want: geniu s. He is admir ed as one
• immediat e action to reduce pollu tion in the city . of cinema's greatest talents .
• severe penalties for young peopl e who behave badl y As a director he made only
thirteen feature films in a
at weekends.
career of over forty years. but
• the Sandy Cove proj ect to go forward. It wi ll attract
many of them are regard ed as
more visitor s and bring incom e to businesses. masterpiec es, and he earned
• more polic e office rs to deal w ith the increase in the nine Oscars. Kubrick once
crime rate - yo ur car was stolen recent ly. said that a film was more like music than fiction. although
all his films were adapte d from novels .
...ESSON 2.3 EXERCISE 118 (PAGE 21) 2
He directed the Hollywood epic Spartacusin 1960, the most
TUOENT B i. expensi ve film of its day, and the only all-Hollywood movie
he ever mad e. Soon after finishing thi s film, unhappy with
Read about jobs 3 and 4 below and tell Student A a the pressur e of Hollywood. he moved from America to Britain.
ttl e about them. Ask questions about your partner's 3 Kubrick spent five years developing his film 2001: A Space
experience to find out if he/s he is suitable for either of
Odyssey ( 1969). This is probably his most famous and
:he jobs.
influential film. It was a science fiction blockbuster which
. . e vou ever done any voluntary work? was popular with both the critics and the public. Often
0
I have .
, described as a masterpiece . its special effects won an Academy
did you do that? award and were a big influence on George Lucas when he
\ell, I worked for Save the Children last summer . came to mak e the Star Wars films. His final film was Eyes Wide
Shut (1999), starrin g Tom Cruise and Nicole Kidman.
4
The film A Clockwork Orange (1971 ) was removed from
IJ cinemas in the UK after Kubrick felt it had been
misinterpre ted, and it was only shown again after his death.
We are lookingfor five people to accompany 5
scientists on a trip to the Amazon Forests He valued his privacy and worried about securi ty. He
of Brazil. The ideal person will: certainl y disliked travel after he moved to England, and he
have experience of working in a scientific also had a well-kn own fear of flying. He once told a friend
environment. that he travelled to London four or five times per year, only
have experience of working with animals. for appointment s with his denti st.
6 Kubrick was frequently unwilling to discuss personal matter s
be young, fit and enthusiastic.
publid y, and this gave rise to his reputation as an eccentric,
redusive genius. This image of him was denied by his family
II afte r his death. It was often report ed that Kubrick was rude
and unfri endly to the people he worked with. For example,
Assistant travel agent required to help customers h e had a good friends hip with the actor Malcolm McDowell
with their enquiries about foreign travel. The ideal
person should: during the making of A Clockwork Orange,but afte r the
filming ende d Kubrick never contac te d him again .
have some experience of travelling to a variety of places.
7
have good communication skills. Kubrick had little contact with the media , so few people knew
be a good team member. what he looked like. Kubrick once told a reporter who came
to his door tha t Stanley Kubrick wasn' t at hom e.
Answe r Student A's questions about jobs 1 and 2.

161
 ACTIVITIES
LESSON 11.2 EXERCISE 2A (PAGE 108) LESSON 6.3 EXERCISE 10A (PAGE 61)
STUDENT B STUDENT D
Education in Germany
• Compu lsory educ ation in Germany lasts for nine to
ten years (it varies between states). It usuall y remains
compulsor y for a further three years, at least on a
part-t ime basis.
• Between the ages of three and five the majorit y of
German children attend voluntary kind ergarten
school.
• They then take fou r years of prim ary education
throu gh to the age of ten.
• They proce ed to one of three types of secondary
school : -
- Haupt schule or a short-cou rse secondary school
focuses on preparation for a vocation .
- Realschule or intermediate school is aimed at those
targeting middle - level position s in government or
business.
- Gymnasium or grammar school give students the
opportun ity to apply to un iversity.
• The majorit y of universit ies in Germany are funded by
the federal government and charge little or no tuition
fees. There are not many private unive rsities, althou gh
the number has risen in recent years.
For most under graduate degrees, students are
expected to comp lete the ir studies in four years, but
actuall y most students take more time. In fact, the
1
Often called an eccentric geni us, Syd Barrett formed the average length of study is seven years.
supergroup Pink Floyd in 1965 and wrote, sang and played
guitar on all the ir early hits, inclb.ding the 1967 masterp iece LESSON 12.3 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE 121)
Piper at the Gates of Dawn. He left the band in 1968 after
expe rienc ing a kind of breakdown due to the pressures of STUDENT D
stardom and touring. He made two solo albums, The Madcap Professor Ewan Shapiro is the father of the vict im. He
Laughs and Barrett, both released in 1970, which continue to has a w ater-tight alib i. He hosted a large dinner party
sell well.
from 6 p.m. till 11 p.m. last night and was seen by
Barrett th en left the music busin ess complete ly, decidin g a fourteen peop le. He w ill inherit a small amou nt (one
musician's life was not for him. He did not make any music at quarter) of his daughter's mon ey.
all after 1974. Once a hou sehold name, he is now m or e or less
forgotten except by his fans . He moved back to his home
LESSON 12.4 EXERCISE 5 (PAGE 123)
town of Cambr idge and star ted to use his origina l name of
Roger Barrett. He lived alone, quietly spending his time STUDENT B CASE 2
painting and gardening. He received a six-figure income The following infor mation is for you to use in the
from his Pini< Floyd royalties, but had little contact with the
discussion to help you reach a decision.
outs ide world . Althou gh he hadn't appeared or spoken in
publ ic since the mid 1970s, fans and journalists still tried to • It's a free country and she is doin g nothing wrong .
contact him. • He is exaggerating her behaviour.
3 • It is a small town so they go to the same places.
In 1971 a journa list found him. Syd told the reporter that he
• She is just being friendly .
walked a lot, painted , wasted time and was afraid of getting
old. He also said that he felt full of dust and guitars . Another • Photography is her hobby.
journ alist reported that a bald, fat man answered the door
and said that Syd colildn't talk. In 1992, Atlantic Records LESSON 12.4 EXERCISE 5 (PAGE 123)
offered half a million dollars for any new Syd Barrett
recordings.
STUDENT C CASE 3
4 The followin g informat ion is for you to use in the
After his return to Cambrid ge his family reporte d that he was
content and quite healthy. In his later years. when fan s or discussion to help you reach a decision.
journalists called on him he was polit e and coherent, but • A car is a weapon.
refused to discuss his past as a famous rock star. Talking to • A driver must concentrate on the road at all times.
one journali st on his doorst ep in 200 1, Syd asked him to leave • He shouldn ' t have given sweets to the child ren.
as he didn't do interviews any more. • None of the peop le in the car were wearing seatbelts.
• The driver should have stopped before helping the child.

162
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!!!!!

iii

LESSON 4.4 EXERCISE SA (PAGE 43) LESSON 12.3 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE

STUDENT C STUDENT E
You think the best opt ion is to set up English language Dr Drake Ramorey was engaged to marry the victi m.
courses online for all staff. Try to persuade the other Surprisingly, he was already in the victim 's w ill. He
members to accept your idea. Use the ideas below and w ill inher it most (three quarters) of the vict im's mo ney.
you r ideas from Exercise 2b. He is an expert on chest and lungs. He has a history of
• On line courses are a relati vely cheap way of teachin g violence with his previous girlfriend.
large numbers.
• You will be able to wo rk w ith the language expert on LESSON 9.3 EXERCISE 8A (PAGE 91)
the content of the co urses.
AGAINST THE MOTION
• O nli ne courses enable staff to learn English at a tim e
wh ich suits them. Thin k about:
• You do not want classes at Head Off ice. There are no • how big projects benefi t local commu nities e.g. by
suitabl e room s for the purpose. providin g a wide range of job s. Think of some job s
• One -to-one classes are expensive. You do not think that can be created.
senior staff wi ll lik e them. • how big projec ts can stimula te the cou ntry's
econom ic growth .
LESSON 3.4 EXERCISE 7A (PAGE 33) • how big projects can give the country a sense of pride .
• how some projects can help the environme nt. Give
INTERVIEWERS two examples.
1 Review the key personal qualities or skill s you are • your own ideas against the motion.
loo kin g for in th e candidate .
2 Write out th e six questions below to ask at the LESSON 10.4 EXERCISE 4A (PAGE 103)
interview. ENVIRONMENT OFFICER
1 Why I want this job? Think about the problems and make not es of yo ur
2 W hat I sort I person I yo u? id eas for solving them. You want :
3 W hat I strengths I weaknesses?
• fewer cars in the city centre - the po ll utio n level is
4 W hat I thin k I can brin g I th is job?
higher than in many other European cities.
5 What I interests I have I outsid e wo rk?
• more bus rout es and cheaper fares.
6 Where I see yo urselt/ five years' time?
• the council to invest in expensive equipment to clean
3 Add two mor e questions to ask at the interview. the beaches.
• dogs and barbecues to be banned from the beach.
LESSON 1.2 EXERCISE 8 (PAGE 9)
STUDENT A LESSON 7.2 EXERCISE 3A (PAGE 68)
1
__ was born on 6 May 1856 in Freiberg, Moravia. STUDENTC
He we nt to the University of 2 _ and studied
3
medicin e. He graduated in as a Doctor of
Med icine. He li ved in Vie nna for fort y-seven years.
In 1907, the psychiatrist Carl Jung was introduced During t he 1990s, many designers worried about the
damage to the environment caused by industrialisation.
to Freud and together they form ed the Internationa l
They were especially worried about the rapid use of energy
Psychoanalytical Associati on. 4 _ was its first
sources and raw materials. They wanted to find ways of
president. Most of Freud's famil y emigrated to London . 5_ slowing this down. These ideas influenced design in many
lost all his property w hen he left Vienna. Freud lived in a areas. For example, solar-powered cars and electric cars
house in Hamp stead, London . He died in 6 __ _ were developed. The recycling of paper and other materials
became popular, for example in designer Jane Atfield's
LESSON 3.2 EXERCISE 10B (PAGE 29) plastic shelving unit. The material she used came from old
washing-up liquid bottles. Designers created more
STUDENT B energy-saving products and products which consumers
Say the below. Your partner w ill correct you . could repair or recycle. The focus was on product durability.
1 So, you've been work ing in Germany since graduating? Another big influence on design was advances in
2 communication,in particular the internet and mobile
So, you've been li ving in Brazil for six months?
phone technology.
3 So, you'v e been studying French for a year?
One product that connects the two big concerns of
Listen and co rrect Student A, using th e prompts below . designers in the 1990s was Trevor Baylis' wind-up radio,
Repeat th e whol e sentences. launched in 1995. This product was particularly useful in
1 for four years Africa because it could work without having expensive
batteries. People made t he radio work by turning a handle
2 teaching
to generate the power.
3 for two years

1 63
 AU DI O SCRIPTS .
LfSSON ·1.1 RECORDING 1.2 about the differences between were really busy at that time so I said ' no'.
individuals. She didn ' t say anythi ng, but I could tell she
C = Chri stina, H = Helen, G = Geo rge
P: I see. How did psychometric testing start? wasn't happy w ith my decision.
C: Oh, Helen, come on! You can tell a lot from I mean, who designed the early tests? J: Yes, but that wasn' t the onl y reason. I don't
a person' s appearance. I mean, when people F: We ll, the fi rst psychometri c tests were think she reall y li ked you . She just couldn't
meet me for the first time, they can see I'm designed to measure intelligence. I think the get on with you .
qu ite a sociable person - I love parties, first usable intell igence test was the C: Yeah, but she didn ' t like me mainly because
going out, enjoying myself, that sort of Stanford-B inet test. The test was developed I'm a smoker. She always gave me funn y
thi ng. I always try to have a good time and originally by a French psychologist called looks when 1 went ou t of the office to have
not take life too seriously. Alfred Binet. a cigarette. I tell yo u, Jodie, I'm really
H: I don' t know, Christ ina. It's certainly not the P: Mmm , interesting. So, how useful are the pleased she' s left. I like open-minded
same for me. Look, I've got quite a lot of tE'sts? Are they reliable? That's w hat most people, you know , peop le who live and let
friends, but most of them say they thought people want to know. others live. That' s the kind of person I want
I was really quiet and serious w hen they first F: Wel l, that's a good question . All tests must to employ here.
met me. Mayb e it's the way I dress. But yo u have reli ability and validity. Let me explain J: Sorry, I can't agree w ith you about Barbara.
know me, I think I' m quite energetic. And w hat I mean. Whe n you use a rel iable test, In my op inion, she was a really hard
I'm interested in everything. you get the same results each time. If the wor ker, she did a good job for us. I've
G: M mm. test is valid, it meas u res what it's supposed m\ssed her ;;_'- \ot .
\-\: Ma)lbe p eople think I'm strange becau se ol to measure ... and not something else. c: W ell, she's gone and that's that. It's not my
my sense of humour, I don ' t know, or P: M mm. I wonder if you could you give us an fault. What abou t the other one w ho left,
because I do n't care w hat people thi nk. example of w hat exactly you mean by Louise? Now, I got on really well with her,
I li ke to do things my way. Anyway, you validi ty? b ut you coul dn't stand her.
always laugh at my jokes, George. F: An example? Well .. . if you test a teacher on J: That's not true at all, you' re exaggerating as
G: Yes, I thi nk you're really fun ny. how many books they can carry, that's not a usual. OK, she wasn't my kind of person.
H: What about you, George? You' re very valid measure of their ability as a teacher. She was too quiet and it really got on my
different from how you look. P: Right, I see. Wel l, wh at can personality tests nerves. I'm soci able, noisy at times, maybe
G: How do you mean? tell you about a person? too noisy. And it's true, I do have a very
H: We ll .. . you've got a real ly good jo b, F: We l l, there's one test, cal led the Mye rs- loud voice and a loud laugh, but I like to
running your internet co mpany. You're Briggs test, w hich is widely used all over have a b it of fun with people . That's why
hard-working, very focused on your career. the wo rld. It's based on a study of mo re I get on so well with Georgia, we'r e alwa ys
You seem to know exactly what you r aims than 20,000 peop le. Organisations think it's joking with each other. Louise was jealous
are. People would never guess, just look ing usefu l when you want to wo rk out people's of my relationship with Georgia .
at you - they'd probabl y think you' re an roles in a team. Some people say it's useful C: I accept that. But don 't forget Georgia used
out-of-wor k actor or somethi ng. to decide your personali ty type. You can, to make fun of her a lot and she didn' t like
G: Yeah, you 're right, Hel en. I suppose I do for example, find out how organised, it. She was a sensitive person, Louise ...
look a bit strange. The way I dress, I mean . reliable and sociable you are. J: Yeah, wit hout any sense of humour at all.
I' m really a serious person, as you know , and I think the questions are quite interesting I' m so glad she's gone . I haven' t missed her
people don't always reali se that when they and people seem to enjoy doin g them. at all.
first meet me. I like to be in control, I plan There are questions like: 'Can you stay cairn C: Well, I liked her. And I have missed her ... a
everything very carefully, and I tron't like too under pressure?' 'A re you a good team lot. She was a great worker , she alwa ys did
much change in my life. That's the way I am. player?' 'How motivated are you?' And so on. exactly wh at I asked her to do. You know,
C: I suppose you are very diffe rent from your P: Have you taken any of these tests yourself? she was afraid of you, Jodie, you have such
appearance, George, and you are a bit F: Yes, I have. The results were very interesting. a strong personali ty.
strange ... P: OK, thanks for that. Now, let's get on to J: Nonsense. Anyway, let's look ahead. The
H: Christina! your research. W hat are you w ork ing on at proble m is we need to find someone w ho'll
C: ... but you're a good friend, that's the the moment, Dr Partridge? be a good match for both of us. Why don't
importa nt thing. F: I'm currently carrying out research into the we go for a man this time, instead of a
H: She's right. You're very reliable and you have valid ity and reli abil ity of lie detector tests w om an?
high standards, I like that. I thi nk you're a and how far people can beat those tests. C: No, that's out of the question. We're not
person w ith real princip les, and there aren't 1 am particularly interested in whether allowed to say we prefer a man - it's against
too many people li ke that these days. actors, such as method actors w ho the law to do that. We wan t someone, male
G: Thanks, Helen, I think that' s a good thorough ly immerse themselves in a role ... or female, who' ll fit in here. I suggest we
description of me. You know me we ll, well , whether they cou ld beat the tests. contact the agency again. let's see who they
don't you? can offer us. I think we shou ld tell them
LESSON 1.4 RECORDINC._1._4 __ exactly the kind of person we' re looking for.
_!:!SSON 1.2 RECORDING_1_
.3__ _ J: OK, how about you phon ing them this time?
C = Ch ris, J = Jodie I'm really busy, I've got a big order to deal
A = Anchor, P = Presenter, F = Frank Partridge C: Hone stly Jodie, I don' t understand it. Two w ith.
A: And now at 11 o'clock it's over to Jenny assistants leavi ng us in the last three C: All right, leave it to me.
Mason and today's edition of ChangingWorld. months. It's not abou t us surely , it's not our
P: Good eveni ng everyone. O u r guest tonight fault, is it? Ll:SSON 2.1 RECORDING 2.1
is Dr Frank Partridge, an expert in J: 1don 't know . 1suppose we are difficult at
psychometrics and on personality. times. N = Nadia, L = Lisa, A = Armand o,
Dr Partridge - our listeners are very C: D ifficult? How do you mean? J = Jacques, T = Tom
interested in persona lit y .tests, so can I ask J: Well ... you expect qu ite a lot from staff, I' d L: Hi, Nadi a, my name's Lisa.
a few questions about those before we talk say. You're ambitious and hard-wo rking, and N : Hi, Lisa.
about your current research? if the staff don't do things right, you often L: Nadia, wha t's the furthest you' ve travelled
F: Yes, certainly, and good evening everyone. lose your temper. You speak your mind from home?
P: OK, my first question. What exactly does instead of being dip lomatic. Maybe that's N: Mmm, let me think ... well , I suppose the
psychometrics mean? why Barbara's left us. I think you upset her answer is Indonesia.
F: Well , psychom etrics is really related to the quite often. Perhaps you didn 't realise it. L: Indonesia? Did you enjoy it?
measurement of intelli gence and personal C: Mmm, it' s true, I do have a bad temper at N: Yeah, it was fascinati ng. I we nt wi th a friend
qualities. It measures four thin gs: the times. But that wasn't the reason she was and we got on really well. And she's still a
measurement of knowl edge, the unhappy with me. She wa nted to go good friend, I'm p leased to te ll you. The
measurement of abili ties, the measurement shopping during office hours, to buy a count ry's got thousands of islands and we
of attit udes and personal ity traits. It's really birthday present for her mother. But we visited qu ite a few of them. I must say, I' ll

164
 AUD IO SCRIPTS
never forget Komodo - they have the largest LESSON 2.3 RECORD IN(; 2.3 O: Mmm, that was a big,problem, I agree. It
lizards in the wor ld there, Komodo Dragons, ----- took up a lot of our time to sort things out.
I = Intervie w er, M =Marti n W ells
and one of them chased us across the beach. The students were cont inuall y asking to
It was absolutely terrify ing, I can tell you! I: Martin, thanks for coming in today. change rooms and when I said 'No', they got
L: Wow ! What an experience! M: It's a pleasure to be here and to be able to really upset. You know, we' re going to have
'I: M mm, not to be forgotten. Who's next? tell people about th e Un iversities Explorers to review rooming arrangements for this trip .
.\: Hi, I' m Armando. programme. K: Well , how about this? I suggest we ask
'I: Hi, Armando. I: So, Marti n, could you te ll us a bit about students if they want to share a room or not.
.\: What's the longest journey you've been on? your last year? And if they don't , they' ll simply have to pay
--:: You mean, in time? M: Well, I've just returned from the forests of more.
-\: Yeah, in time . the Amazon Ri ver Basin in Brazil and I've O: Mmm, yes, that's worth considering. What
'= Wel l, I've travelled for four months, three had the most amazi ng year. Last year in
January, I wo n a scholarship on the
abou t hotels? I think we chose the right
ti mes. D uring those trips, l visited, erm ... ones, don' t you?
Mex ico, Indonesia, India and many other U niversities Exp lorers Programme. Then K: Yes, defin itely, no one comp lained about
south-eastern Asian coun tries, like Thaila nd I raised a large sum of money , wit h the help them. But you know, the hotel manager
and Viet nam. I loved Vietnam - the people of some very generous friends. And then wasn't happy with the students, the way
were so friendly, and the food was I started travelling. This year I've explored they behaved. Seems there were too many
wonderfu l. But it was a bit noisy in the the ice-cut fjords of the South island in New late-night, noisy parties in their rooms.
streets - you know , a lot of people travel on Zealand, I've cli mbed the Himalayas in Some of the other guests we re upset
motorbi kes, and you hear them everyw here. Nepal and I've met Inuit peop le in abou t it.
J: Hi, I'm Jacques. Erm ... w hat are the most Nunavut in Canada. I've also helped with O: Yeah, it' s true. That was a problem for us.
popular destinat ions for peop le from your environmental proj ects near Hoi Anh in But you know, what upset me the most was
count ry? Vietnam, and I have to say it must be one of whPn we talked to them after the trip?
'= Depends a lot on the group, Jacques, but I'd the most beautiful ancient cities in the world .
I've never done so much in one year befo re.
K: Oh?
say older people, say th e over-fi fties, they O: Well, they said we tr ied to do too much
like to go to the Canary Islands, and young during the trip. They compla ined they didn't
people prefer Thailand, to really get away USSON 2.3 RE-CORDING 2.4 have enough free ti me. What do you think?
from it all. Next question? I: That's incredible Martin. What has been K: I think we talked about this before the trip.
T: Hello Nad ia, I'm Tom. People say that yo ur greatest travel experience? There are arguments for and arguments
people travel to broaden their min ds. Is that M : Well, in September.. . we travel led to the against, aren't there? On the one hand, it's
right? Do yo u thin k that travel broadens the start of th e Salween River. We wan ted to do good to give them free time, they get a
min d? W hat are the reasons w hy peop le the same trip that Wong How M an, China's chance to explore places. On the other
travel, in your op inion? greatest living exp lorer, did. The river runs hand, if you give them too much free time,
'' Hmm, interesting question, Tom. I suppose for almost 3,000 kilomet res and it starts in they say we haven' t organised enough trips
there are lots of reasons. Some want to see Tibet. When we got near it I had to use a for them. You just can't win.
new sights and explore new places, erm ... wal ki ng stick so as not to fall over . We O: True, and don' t forget, Karen, another
meet new people and experi ence different cl imbed the last h ill and saw the ice caves. drawback of giving them a lot of free time is
cu ltures. I certainly wanted to do al l those At that mome nt it was the most beautiful that they get into troub le. Remember what
thi ngs. But I also wan ted to loam new skill s, sight in the world. O n our return journey happened w ith the fire escape.
especially socia l skills, and to do some the weather was very bad. We su rvived K: How cou ld I forget that! Actually, I've got a
voluntary work . I wanted to become more because we found a hut to shelter in. I've few suggestions for this next trip .
self-confident. Oh, yes, and I was also learnt a lot about explor ing since O: Me too.
interested in learning a new language, or at September. K: Good. Wel l, I think we should have more
least getting some knowledge of an Asian I: This programme sounds amazing. Wou ld meetings with students before they leave.
language. Now my frie nd, Joan ne, she just yo u recomm end it to other you ng adults? The good th ing about this is that they'd get
wanted to earn some money w h ile she was M : Absolute ly. I'm qui te young and I've already to know each other better.
abroad, to finance her studies. But there are done six expedit ions. The programme has 0: Yeah. That's true. Also, it'd be a good idea
lots of other reasons why people travel. given me and others a chance to experience to give students maps of the cities we visit.
T: How do you mean, exact ly? nature and discover its beauty. We' ve learnt I suggest contacting the to urist boards and
'I: Well , how can I pu t it, erm ... some peop le about the cu ltures and traditions of all the asking them to send us some.
travel to, erm . .. find themselves, I mean, p laces we've visited. I've had the best time K: And how about show ing the students some
to learn more about themselves, perhaps of my li fe. But the most diff icult bit is having restaurant menus before they leave? That'd
become more independent, or maybe just to raise a lot of money at the start ... and be a big bonus for them. They won ' t get any
generally broade n their horizons. Other I haven' t covered all my costs yet. surprises about the food then, will they?
peop le may choose to do that by travell ing I: Thanks, Martin. I' m sure our readers w il l be
abroad to study for a qual ification . Sadly, fascinated by your experience. LESSON 3.1 RECORDING ·u
some peop le may be forced to travel to loo k
Well , the hours are very long and I have to
for work, to escape poverty wh ich is not a LESSON 2.3 Rf.CORDING 2.5 work shifts, but I li ke my co lleagues and
good reason for travel, but perhaps
1 I' ve just retu rned from the forests. I enjoy the vari ety of the work. You know,
becoming common. One thing's for sure,
2 I've had the most amazing year. every day's different. I suppose the main
Tom, if you travel a long way from home,
3 Last year in January, I won a scholarship. reason I like the job is the contact with
for a long time, you're a different person
4 Then I raised a large sum of money. patients. I like to feel that I' m helping
w hen you return. It makes you into a . ..
5 And then I started travell ing. people, and my coll eagues are great, so that
6 I've cl imbed the Hima layas in Nepal. makes the job very rewarding . It's certa inly
!..ESSON 1.l. RECORD ING 2.2
not the pay - that's terrible !
lbn Battuta travelled through most of the 2.4 Rf:CORDING 2.b 2 I reall y enjoy my job, although there can
Islamic wor ld. be a lot of routine paperwork and I have to
2 He visited al l the Arab lands. D = Douglas, K = Karen attend a lot of meetings. Preparing
3 He stopped off in Spain, Russia and Turkey. O: Let's talk about the prob lems we had on the cases takes up a lot of my time, and can
4 In 1943, Cousteau and an engineer last trip. What we nt wron g, Karen? be very challenging. The best parts of the
inven ted the aqualung. K: Well , to start wit h, there was no team spirit job are meeting clients and going to cou rt.
5 Cousteau produ ced many films and books. in the group, was there? They didn ' t get on I work for a big prestigious international
6 As a teenager she work ed in a textile p lant. we ll with each other, and some of them firm , so there are good opportunities for
7 letesnl<.a\la's spac.eetalt lilte d a" on e.ndin?, u? hatin?, eac.h othe r, the.re's no ?romotion and I get to tra\/e\ quite a lot ,
16 June 1963. other word for it. wh ich is nice.

165
 J\UDlO SCRlPl"S .
3 Some peopl e would say it's a glamorous P: Yeah, about three days a week. H e hasn't S: Yeah, we all get paid. l'\11 the pl acements
job, and I suppose it is sometim es, but been work ing at home mu ch recen tly as organised through the university are paid
actual ly it's very hard work as well. There's he's often needed in head office . placements . And the Ritz and the Savoy
also not much job secu rity. The p ay's good, I: Do you like working fro m home? b oth have goo d traini ng program mes .
but some tim es l don't work for a few wee ks, P: We ll, there are some disadvantages. A: And fina lly ... who's the one who speaks all
so th at can be a wor ry. I suppose I enj oy the I miss all my office fri ends and working the languages?
travel - ther e's a lot of th at - but sometimes in a team, and there's not enough space J: That 's me ... I speak Spanish, Engli sh,
there's a lot of waiti ng aro und for in the house. You also need to be good German , and of course Polish. And I've
photographers and sl)'\is\s, which can be at time management. But basically, I been \earni ng Itali an since January. I was
really tedio us. love it. You have flexibi lity and you get moti vated by our concierge.
4 Some parts of the job are not very to spend more time wi th the family. Also
in teresting, like filling shelves, you kn ow, you save loads of money not com mut ing USSON 3.4 lffCORDING 3.5
very monotonous. A lso, chan ging the to the oHice. And th e internet and
w indow displays gets a bit repe titive. Really, soci al networking makes homeworking a
H =- Har ry, M = M arta
it's deal ing with people I like, on the phone H: I think yo u're ri ght, Mart a, educat ional
more rewa rd ing experience. A nd w ith
and face to face. My boss is a lovely person, my iPad and Skype I can now have qualifications and experience are not really
but he's so bad ly organ ised. H e usuall y gets so import ant as th ese are wo rk p laceme nts
meeti ngs from the co mfort of my home.
me to deal wit h prob lem c ustomers who - we've got to find yo ung people w ith the
wan t refunds, that kind of thi ng. Some people I fSC,ON RECORDING 3.4 rig ht skills and personal qualities.
t hink I'm a wor kaho li c, and it's true I do a
- - ---- --- M: Exactly . Th e peop le we choose w ill get
lot of overtime, but I l ike to do a job well
A =- An na, J = Jan, Z =- Z hang Li, S =- Sylvie some initia l train ing in New York, so that' ll
and I'm proud of my wo rk. It's a big cha in A: Welcome back. This is A nna from 103.8 prepare them we ll for the pla ceme nts. As
so I hope I' ll become assistant manager next Oxford lite FM and we've asked th ree you say, it's the persona l qualit ies wh ich arc
year if I move to another branch. students who are at Oxfo rd Broo kes so important. It' ll be pretty stressful,
5 W hat I particularly l ike is that it's a very University to join us. We lcome guys. Can bui lding up the club here. They'll have to
flex ib le job . I can wo rk from home some of you introduce yourselves? work long hour s and be very flexible. OK,
t he time. I find it stim ul ati ng, meetin g and ): Hi. I'm Jan and I' m Po lish. we're not offering a compe titi ve salary, but
interview ing different peop le. It's also Z: Hello , I' m Zha ng Li from Beiji ng, Ch ina. ther e are other benefits, and a nice working
satisfyi ng when yo u finish a long arti cle and S: A nd I'm Sylv ie from Li ll e .. . erm ... w hich is enviro nment - that shou ld attr act some
it's published. I've got a book coming ou t in France. good can d idates. There are great
next year as well. One thing abo ut wo rking A: So what arc you all studyi ng? opp ortuniti es, but t here w ill be some less
on a month ly magaz ine is that I have a lot Z: Internation al Hospitality Management. glam orou s parts o f the work. We' ll need
of tigh t deadl ines. That makes the job very S: Yes. Internat ional Hospitality Manageme nt. someone who' s very m otiva ted, er m . ..
stressful. A: And what've you been do ing rece ntly ? enth usiastic, and has lots of energy.
Z: Well, we've all been do ing our work H: Absolutel y. And I think the best ca ndidate s
.U Rl::CORDING 3.2 pl acements. will be very det ermined, people w ho have a
J: Yeah, I've been working as a trainee real desire to succeed, beca use it won't be
I'm a language graduate and I've been concierge at the Marriott Beac h Resort in easy. We need peo pl e, I'd say,
tran slati ng from Italia n to Engl ish fo r most of MarbelJa in Spain. who can work with people from different
my career. We've been li ving Milan for Z: I've been doing that as well, but I've been at cultures. Don 't forget - a lot of our
nearly five years and I've been wo rking th e Savoy in London . custo mers wo n't b e Engli sh. All the
from ho me for two years, sinc e our first ): Being a trainee concierge is great because you candidates must also have an interest in
chi ld was born. I've found that my work-life have to know about all the parts of the hotel. health and fitne ss, don' t you think?
ba lance has been easier to mana ge sin ce I Z: And it's reall y great trai ning if you wanna be M: Oh, defi nitely. And I agree - we need a
started working from home - and it needs to a hotel manager. fairl y extro verted person, wi th really good
be easy to manage when yo u've got children! J: I agree and I've done so much. I've been on comm uni cat io n skills. People skills are also
2 I: How long have you been workin g from three tr ips. I've been to Seville , to Tangiers very importan t to the compan y so we want
home for? and Gi bra ltar. people w ho can adap t to d ifferen t situ ations.
S: I'm a writer and I've been wor kin g from Z: I haven't done any tours yet, bu t I've If possible , they'll be flu ent in anothe r
home for the last 18 mo nths, since I lost work ed in four diff eren t p arts of the hote l. language - Frenc h, Germ an, Japa nese,
my job. It's been pretty tough. For one I've booked trips, I've arranged transpo rt whatever. Also , pretty good compu ter skill s
thing, I've been paying a lot more for and I've answe red lots of questions about are important.
heat ing. To be ho nest, it's qui te lonely th e local restaurants . H: Yeah, I li ke the sound of those idea s. But
... and I've missed things li ke the office A: Sounds great. And Sylv ie, let's bring you in most of all, we wa nt people who are
gossip . I wis h I could go back to my old here. W hat have you b een doi ng? looking for a lon g-term caree r with us, and
job. The only goo d thin g is I ca n get up S: Well , for the last three mont hs, I've been w ho'll stay w ith us afterwa rds.
late. I've neve r been a morni ng person. working as a tra inee chef at th e Ritz hotel in M: OK, I've made a note of the points we
3 It's not for everybody, but I like workin g Lond on. I haven't bee n on any trips yet, bu t ment ioned. Now let's w ri te th e advert.
from home. I do con tract wor k in design. I've been work ing really hard learn ing all
The best thin g is that I don ' t have to the skil ls I need to be an assistant chef. I've LLSSON .l.-J RF5' 0RDINC 3.& ___ _
co mmute to wo rk on crowded trains. I've been in the k itchen or t he restaurant every
had lots more time and I've been learning a
I = Inter view er, C = Candidate
day. Also my tuto r at university has given
new language since I started working at 1 I: Now, lookin g at your CV. I'd lik e to
me lots of adv ice and encouragement and
home in January. I've always wanted to know w hat you feel yo u learn t in yo ur
support. I can phon e her w hen I want.
learn Span ish. I've also boug ht myse lf a new last placement ?
J: My conc ierge at th e Marriot t is fan tastic.
guitar and I've been taking lessons for the C: I'm glad yo u asked me that becaus e
She speaks lots of languages and is Poli sh
last six months. I feel I developed some impor tan t skills
lik e me. She has treated me li ke a coll eague
4 I: So, you've b een working from home for whil e I w as there.
from the start. She really makes me feel my
eigh t yea rs? 2 l: I' m also interested in knowing your
input is valua ble and has give n me lots of
P: No, actually I' ve been working fro m confid ence. She talks to me and doesn't talk reasons for app lyin g to o ur company .
home for six years. I've been runnin g a C: That's a very good question. Basic ally,
dow n to me. I see her as my mentor.
small business from home for a lock because it is such a respected and
A: Would you recomme nd your work
man ufa cturer. It's a Basqu e compa ny famous organi sation.
placeme nt to othe rs?
based near Bilbao. 3 I: Now, a question we lik e to ask all o ur
): Absolu tely. The Marriott is fam ous for its
I: And I see your husband is at home. Does candi dates. What are you r strong points?
work placeme nts and its train ing. And I get
he work from home as well? C: Well, without going into too much
paid, w hi ch is reall y good.
detail, I have very good peop le skills.

166
 AUDIO SCRIPTS
4 I: O K. Thank you. A question now about 3 If yo u're sending out CVs to lots of l ESSON 4. 3 RECOR])INC.. 4.3
you r computer skill s. What software are companies at one time, I mean if you' re just
you famil iar with? I = Interviewer, R = Richard Falvey
seeing if there's any interest, not repl ying to
C: I thought you might ask me something an ad for a job, then I think your CV should I: Wha t kind of work do you do, and is using
about that. Well, what I can say is, be really short, just one side of an A4 sheet. cor rect and appropr iate language important
I have a good knowl edge of Excel and 4 I try to write as much as possible in the in your work?
Word , and can prepare excellent wo rk experi ence section. I start w ith my R: I work for The British Council, an
Powerpoin t presentations. fi rst job then put my most recent j ob last - internat iona l chari ty that develops cultura l
5 I: Right, thank yo u. Moving on. Could you that's the order I prefer. I had a period o f six relations between Britain and the rest of the
tell me what you think the growth areas months when I was unemployed, but world through our work in the Arts,
in the leisure industry are? I never show that on my CV. Education and Society and Engl ish. My
C: Well, I'm not an expert, b ut I think the 5 I on ly app ly for jobs onli ne. I use the focus is developi ng partnershi ps wi th other
boo m in fitness centres w ill continue in Job Boards for my industry and if I see charitie s and NGOs, or 'non-governmental
the next few years. an interesting position, I fill in an on l ine organisations', educational institutio ns,
6 I: OK. Just one fina l questio n. Where do application. Sometimes I have to send a businessesand governments in orde r to help
you think you'll be in five years' time? covering letter by email as we ll. On line students, young people and professionals
C: Let me j ust think about that for a adverts are the best way to find a new job. and develop relationships with people from
moment. We ll, I hope to be workin g for You get a quick reply from emp loyers w hen other countries and backgro unds.
your company in a senior position. you app ly online. I always keep my CV up So we' re bui ld ing trusting relation s at all
to date and I use a spell check to make sure levels across diff erent societ ies and key to
t ESSON ·35 Rf CORDING .U there are no spelli ng mistakes. buildi ng trust are effective commu nication
6 To be honest, I think the covering letter's and approp riate language - especially as
S = Student, C = Coun sellor most of our work is carried out in English.
much more important than your CV. If they
S: I know you usually send a cove ring letter like what they read in your letter, they'll Having said that, few of the people we
w ith a CV. But ... w hat is it exact ly? look at your CV. But if your letter's no collaborate w ith have English as their first
C: Wel l, reall y it's a letter tel ling an emp loyer language. If you get your language wro ng,
good, they' ll throw your CV in the bin ri ght
why you' re interested in their compan y or away. you create confusion, and you can lose the
organisation. You can tell them about yo ur trust you have been worki ng to build up.
special skills and qual ities and w hy you 4.2 RECORDINC. 4.1
want to wo rk wit h them. It gives you an LrSSON 4. Rl:CORDIN(, 4.-l
opportunity to sell you rself to the emp loyer. H = Henri , F = Fabio
S: I see. Erm ... how long should it be? H: Hell o.
I = Interviewe r, R = Richard Falvey
C: It depends. But generally I'd say a coverin g F: Oh hi, Henr i. It's Fabio here. I: What advice wou ld you have for young
letter should be short, say four to five H: Fabio, hi. Have you finished the essay on people using social media?
paragraphs. And the tone should be the differences between British and R: Most of the pri nciples are the same as
enthusiasti c and profe ssional. American English yet? face-to- face conversation - your language
S: Right. Could you give me a little more detail F: No, not yet. I' m going to finish it tonight. has to be approp riate to the contex t. We
about w hat to put in each paragraph ? What about yo u? need to look at four things. Firstly, w ho's
C: OK, I'll suggest a structure, a way to H: I'm finding it quite tough especiall y when it your audience? Second ly, how we ll do you
organise the paragraphs, if like. comes to idioms. In Bill Bryson's boo k ... know them? Thirdly, how much do they
S: Thank you. it's quite funny actuall y ... he says it can know about the top ic? And finally, what is
C: Right. The first paragraph is your introduction. take years for an American to master British the effect you want? What do you want
You say who you are, why you' re wri ting idioms and the other way round ... but I' m them to do as a result of your message?
and w here you saw the position advert ised. defi nitely going to finish it by tomorrow's With social media you also need to
S: OK, I've got th at. class. I want it out of the way! remember that you can' t see how people
C: In paragraph two, tell the employer why F: Henri, I'm just phoni ng to ask - James and are reacting as you're speaking, so if you're
you want the job - in other words, say what I are going to the cin ema on Thursday not being understood or you're beginn ing to
attracted you to the organisation . Show that evening. Do you want to come? offend peop le, you can' t see their face or
you're enthusiastic and motivated. H: No, I can't. I'm giving my presentation to body language. Also, think about the
S: Right. th e language semin ar group on Friday. medium - text, emai l, Facebook, Twitt er,
C: The third paragraph is really important. This F: Oh, of course. You Tube, etc., and w hat effect this has. For
is where you sell you rself. Her e you H: So I have to prepare that. I'm doin g it on the examp le, who w ill see the message or
mention your qualities , erm ... skills and growt h of Arabic. I read someth ing recently picture, and wil l it be a permanent record ?
experience that match what they are that said that Arab ic is the fastest growing of
probab ly looking for. You tell them what the world languages. LESSON 4.3 RECORDING 4.5
you can contr ibute to th eir organisation. F: Yeah, I saw something that said I = Interv iewer, R = Richard Falvey
OK? Now we come to the fina l paragraph. intern ationa l agencies like Al Jazeera w ill I: Can you be a bit more speci fi c? Can you
Say when you' re avail able for interview. And provide a standard model ... almost like the give some tips?
end on a positive note. For examp le, say you BBC. I saw an arti cle abo ut it in the paper
R: OK, so thinki ng about those points I just
look forward to hearing from them soon, or the other day. I'll find it for you. mentioned , and the ones specific to social
something li ke that. OK, that's about it. H: Thanks, that'd be great. When's your media, it's a question of finding the right
S: Thanks, that's really helpful. presentation? balance. For examp le, between being
F: It isn't till the end of next week . formal and informal and givi ng enough, but
3..5 RECORDIN(, 3.8 H: Do you know what you're do ing? not too much detail.
F: Yeah, I'm probably doing mine on spell ing So, let's look at three areas: how to avoid
I think you should pu·t as much as possible
and how important it is. confusio n, how to avoid losing trust and
in a CV so the employer gets a complete
H: That's interesting. I saw a film a whi le ago how to get the register right.
picture of your qualities and skill s and
on spelli ng co mpetiti ons in America. To avoid confusion, keep your language
qualifi cations. If you don' t do that, they may
They' re really popul ar there. Anyway , I'd simp le, use short sentences. Show the
not call you for an interview .
better get on wit h the essay. I'll see you at message to a 'non-know er', that is
2 It's essential to write a personal profil e at
the lecture tomorrow. somebody who does not already know what
the begin ni ng of yo ur CV. Everyone's doi ng
F: Great, and I' ll text you when I find that the message is about. If they can understand
it these days. It helps to focus your reader's
paper. it, then the person you're sending the
attention on what you really have to offer
H: Thanks. Bye. message to, who already has some context,
their organisation . It' s w here yo u can sell
F: Bye. w ill also understand it.
yourself as a candid ate.
To avoid losing trust, think about your

167
 -
_._...,

.. AUDIO SCRIPTS
audience and make sure that you are S: That's a great idea. What do you think, Claire? S: I think we've got all the .shots we need now,
'reading' the message through their eyes. C: Mmm , well, yes, if we do decid e to have haven't we Dita? Although, if we get an
don't post late at night, when you are English classes here, at Head Offi ce, invitation to a ceremony in Papua New
in a rush or feeling emoti ona l and might use because it's a cheap option, then it' s Guinea, we'll go there right away for a great
inappropriate language. certainl y worth considerin g. But I think most shoot.
To get the register right ... and let me begin staff will wa nt British Engl ish. We need to D: Too right.
by defining register. By register, I mean a get more information about this. Do some L: OK and why do you want a website now?
way of speaking or writing which you use more research. I hope it won't be a big D: Well, to be honest, we'd design the website
when you' re in a particular situation. That problem for us. OK, we need to think now ourselves if we had enough time. But we
way of speaking or writin g could, for about the admin staff. There are a lot of don ' t and we think we arc losing ou t to our
example, be formal or informal or humorou s them and they' ll w ant to improve their competitors who have websites.
or polite or familiar. So, to get the register English. They' ll have to imp rove to do their L: Don 't worry. If we act qui ckly, we'll lim it
right, use the right medium for the message. job properly. We'll need to set up classes for the damage and catch up w ith your
For example, you might text or use instant them pretty soon as well . competitors. And your photos are stunning.
messaging to a tutor or business partner that F: I' m not sure about that, Claire. They'r e not a This is such a great shot. The bride is
you are friendly with, using abbreviations priority ... beautiful and we w on't need to do any
and textspeak to say thanks for a meeting. C: Maybe, but thin k of the consequences if we airb rushing. And I love all the colou rs. If we
But in a business situation w ith someone leave them out. It won ' t help to create good make the sea b luer, the picture will look
you're not close to, or when submitting an staff relations. even better. If I were you, I'd use this photo
assignment or asking for feedback, use email F: That's a good point. We'll need to provide as your main image.
or a forum and use more formal language. some Engli sh classes for them, but keep the S: Yes, we' re very proud of that shot. Actually , if
So for student s, what I'm basically saying is cost down. I had the couple's number on me, I could give
don't transfer the language you use with C/S: Right. them a call now to ask for perm ission to use
yo ur close friends on Facebook and other it, but I've left all my contact details at home.
social media sites to the language you use t rssoN 5.1 fff( ORDING 5.2 L: OK. We can get it tom orrow . Let's look at
when you email your lecturers. w hat you would ideally like and then look
I remember a reall y eye-catch ing advert for
at all the different options . So, what would
a Ford car . It showed the car starting, then
l f'iSON ·l.4 RfCORDIN(, yo u do if you had an unlimited budget?
being driven out of a car park and through
C = Claire, F = Frank, S = Sop hia the city. And it started all the li ghts in the
L '>.4 R[( OROINC; 5.-l
C: OK, let's talk about the di rectors and senior surrou ndi ng buil di ngs. In the country it
staff first. After that, we' ve got to discuss power ed the overhead power l ines and the A = Amy Chen, L = Larissa Klein
whether we want the training to focus on electricity seemed to foll ow the car along A: There are several poi nts I'd lik e your team
Briti sh Engl ish or American English. And if the road. It really was an attent ion-g rabbing to cover in their presentation .
we have ti me, we' ll consider the needs of ad. It is difficult to be original w ith car L: OK.
our biggest group, the adm in staff. OK? adverts but I thought this was quite creati ve. A: Well, for a start, we can't agree on a name
F/S: Fine/Yeah. It also had a catchy slogan: 'Feel the power. for the dri nk. We've had lots of suggesti ons
C: OK, the directors and senior staff. They're Ford. We have ignition. ' You coul d also see but none of them h"ave been very excit ing,
our top priority. How about some the recognisable Ford 'blue oval' logo. It so could you come up with some new ideas
of them, the weaker ones, on a crash course must have been an effective ad because I've for names, please?
to England or the US? It'd be a qui ck way to actually remembered that it was a Ford car. L: Certain ly, no probl em.
improve their English. What do you think, It was also quite persuasive as I wou ld A: We need a good slogan too, somethi ng
Frank? con sider buying a Ford next time. that's easy to remember and orig inal. One
F: Mmm, I don ' t know about that. Let's think 2 I normall y like humorous ads. But the ad that of our staff wanted to call the dri nk
this through. sticks in my mind was really inspirationa l. 'Krakk le'; she came up with the slogan
C: OK? What's the prob lem? The music was really lively and it was set in 'Kool kids drink Krakkle', but no one reall y
F: If we do that, w hat will happen? In my different exotic locations. Everyone was li ked that one. We'd also lik e your ideas for
opin ion, it' ll have a bad effect on our work. drinking th is soft drink, but I can' t remember the design of the packaging. Should it be a
We don't want to lose a lot of our top staff w hich one it was, and the camerawork was can or bottle, or something different?
just lik e that. Who'd run the charity? really creati ve. It made you wa nt to be Nothing too detailed, just ... oh I do n't know,
S: You know, Frank, I think you' re right. It'd there, drink ing that soft drink, having fun. design, colo ur, shape that sort of thi ng.
create a lot of problems for us. Why don't 3 I saw this reall y du ll advert for washing L: OK, wha t else do you want us to look at?
we send just one or two directors to Britain powd er on the telev ision recently that I'd A: Well, we've talked quite a lot about the
or th e US and a few senior staff? We can reall y lik e to forget. But it had thi s really kind of advertising we should use. Should
offer the others one-to-one classes at Head catchy jing le that I can' t get out of my head. we have a TV commercial during children's
Office. What do you think , Claire? It's so irrita ting. It was informa ti ve - it gave television in the afternoon? Or maybe early
C: Mmm , one-to-one classes, in company you lots of information about the product but in the evening? How about advertising in
time? Some companies do it, but I'm to ld I can't even remember what the brand w as. children's magazines? Should we use the
the cl asses are quite diffic ult to organise. internet as well? Anothe r question is, do we
Teachers always seem to want to give the 'l.2 RFCORDING 53 wan t just one TV commerc ial, w ith different
lessons at the wrong time. You know, when L = Leon, D = Dita , S = Simone languages for the various markets, or shou ld
staff are reall y busy, and at the moment we have a di fferent one for each cou ntry?
L: OK. So, you are based in Cairns, and where
we're all up to ou r ears in work. L: Interesting. Wh at about radio spots?
do you cover?
S: Mmm , maybe you' re right, Claire. Let's do A: Ah yes, I forgot to mention that. Do you
D: Well, Leon, we cover all of North
some research. Find out a<bit more about thin k we should advertise on radio? If we
Queensland so we can get stunning
one-to-one classes. I have some good do, wha t time of the day shou ld we choose
wedding shots of the bride and groom
contacts I can ask. for a radio spot, and what sort of
standi ng in front of vibrant, green rainforests
C: OK, good idea. Let's move on. What about programme cou ld we sponsor?
and w hite sandy beaches. We've got the
British English or American English? Some L: Is that everything?
luscious rainforests of North Queensland
of ou r staff w ill probably prefer American A: I think so.. .. Oh yes, one other thing, if
with all their waterfalls and rivers.
English, the ones workin g closely with our yo ur team have any interesting ideas for
S: And then we've got the amazing Great
US partners. Frank, what do you think? special promotions, let us have them.
Barrier Reef.
F: I think you' re right, Claire. Some staff will I mean, would it be a good idea to give out
L: As a web designer, can I just say that you' ve
want to learn America n English. But, you free cans in schools? Or offer cheap T-shirts
got some excellent p hotos in some stunnin g
know , there's an easy soluti on - we could with the logo on them. That sort of thin g.
locations. In fact, we're spoilt for choice.
hire two teachers to teach c lasses at Head L: Fine. I'm sure we can come up w ith some
Makes my job so much easier.
Offic e, one Engli sh and one American.

168
 AUDIO SCRIPTS
good ideas for you. We'd certainly like to U:SSON 1 _RECORDING 6.1 cit ies. I think I'll get about $50,000 as a
be yo ur agency for the campaign.
We ll, I'm not sure really. I think it' s starti ng salary once I graduate, and I'll get a
A: Well , if we li ke your presentati on, you' ll
important to go to univers ity and get a lot of fr inge benefits too, like life insurance
have a good chance of w inning the contract.
degree, but it isn't an easy experience. It and a retirement plan.
L: That's good enough for me.
w as hard to get a place, and I wasn't sure 2 I love sports. I love pl aying sport s and being
w hat to do. I wo rried abou t going just to outside. Like most of my school friend s,
LE5SON 5.4 5.5
study any subj ect, maybe not the right one. I we nt to university. I did Sports Science, but
Larissa Klein: it w asn't really for me. I l iked the practical
It can be hard to get a good result in a lot of
Good morni ng, I'm Larissa Klein, head of Klein subjects.You can fai l a cou rse, like I did. bits and enjoyed playing for the university
Benson Advertising. I'd lik e to introd uce my I seem to be revising for, or sitti ng exams sports teams, but I hated the academic side.
colleagues, Emili o Sanchez on my left, and all the time! There are a lot of lectures and I left after a year and had to pay off some
next to him , Karl Reiner. we have to go and speak in seminars every university loans. I did work experience after
O ur purpose today is to present some ideas for week. If I can get good grades, I wi ll fini sh that and then got a job as a sports coach
your new produ ct. We'll also suggest how to next year. To be honest, it has been a good and personal trainer. I think uni versity was a
advertise and promote it. experience, although I can' t wait to graduate waste of tim e for me.
from university and get away from exams! 3 I di d my degree at Cambr idge Un iversity -
Ou r p resentatio n is div ided into three parts.
2 Schoo l was a waste of time for me. Hand ing it was a three-year course. I don't like the
First, I'll talk to you about our ideas for the
in essays, doin g homewo rk and all that stuff. idea that you study for a degree for w hat
name of the soft dri nk and a suitab le slogan.
It just w asn't useful. I only wa nted to do it gets you later in life. You should go to
After that, Emilio will give you our ideas about
sports. I couldn't stud y for exams, so wh en university because yo u're really interested
can - he's an expert on packaging - and
I did any exams I fai led them. I j ust made in the subject you choose. I don't think my
rrnally Karl wil l tell you our ideas about how
too many mistakes. Maybe I di dn' t have the degree helped me to get a job. OK, it may
to advertise and promote the drin k. If you have
right system for revising subjec ts. W hen have given me an edge over non-graduates
any questions, we'll be pleased to answer them
I retook the exams, I failed again. My friends for getting interviews, I suppose. But I really
at the end of our presentation.
did a lot better. I ju st wasn't interested. It enj oyed study ing French literature, and
was a great day for me w hen I could leave don' t regret it at all. W hen I left, I applied
' 550N 5.4 Rt'(< >RDIN(, 5.6
secondary schoo l! for lots of jobs, and I thin k employers
Emilio Sanch ez: liked the fact that I was confide nt and had
3 I always tried to do we ll at schoo l, you
Mov ing on now to the design of the can. We know, hand ing in assignments on ti me, good people skill s. I'm now a computer
asked a group of young peop le about this. trying to get good grades and doing my p rogrammer, nothing to do wit h literature.
We show ed them ten diffe rent designs. Please coursework so I could go to coll ege. I liked 4 I gradu ated from uni versity a few years
look at the screen. As you see, we've numbered school a lot. I think it is about doing your ago. I did enjoy my time at university, and
the designs one to ten. If we now look at the best, bu t this is more than just passing maybe that's the prob lem. I did well at
table of results, it's very dea r. Over 80% of the exams and study ing for tests. I think it's school, so it was logical to go to university.
group preferred design 6, the blu e can w ith the about making progre ss generall y. It's also a I guess I j ust enjo yed myself too muc h.
vellow stri pe. socia l experience, how to get on with other W ithout the discipline of school , I didn't
people. I still have many friends from my study as hard as I shou ld, so I only j ust got a
5.4 RlCORDING 511 school days. Yes, I had a great time at schoo l. degree. A lot of my friends got jobs straight
- --- ·-- from school and are now doing really we ll.
K = Karl Reiner, L = Lari ssa Klein There are a lot of unemployed graduates
K: Well, I've given you our ideas for
ll SSON 6.2 RH:ORDIN( , 6.2
around th ese days. I don't regret my tim e at
advertising and promotin g the drink. I hope We had a teacher called Mr Rojas and he un iversity - I learnt quite a lot about people,
you' ve found them interesting. Now, let me taught us Chemistry. He was an excellent and I did a lot of sport. I' m not sure it really
summar ise our main points. Larissa gave teacher, but we cou ldn't say that w e actuall y helped my career though.
you three possib le names and mention ed liked him. He wasn' t friendly or easy-going -
the on e we prefer. She told you w hat slogan the opposite in fact. He was different from th e l fSSON 6.4 RH ORDIN(, f>.4
we liked, w ith her reasons. teachers w e normall y liked. In fact, he often
Emi l io showed you the design for the can crit icised us. He treated us all equall y- well, M = M arie Laforet, P = Pablo, MC = M ay Cheng
that we recommend. Finally, I talked about crit icised all of us equally. He didn 't treat us M: OK, I've noted w hat you've to ld me about
ways of advertising the dr ink and told you li ke unique individu als, so it was fun ny that the library. W e can discuss the matter at our
about our ideas for special promotio ns. we all respected him. He was very strict and next comm ittee meeting. Now what about
L: Thank you very much everyo ne for your always punctual - I do n't think he was ever the parties, you say some students in the
attention. Are there any questions? late, and neither were we! He gave us Jots of hall s of residence have been co mplaining
tests and lots of homework , and his formal about the noise?
t h'>ON 5.5 Rf:CORDlNG >.8 approach to teach ing seemed to wo rk. He P: Yes, it's a real prob lem. There are lots more
explained things very clearly and was very good parties at the moment in people's rooms,
OK, w hat is cri tical thinking? Very simpl y, it's a especial ly late-night parties. They' re really
at answering all our questions. He was always
way of think ing about a subject or problem. It's noisy, music blasti ng out late at night,
very well p repared and his lessons were always
a ski ll you use to decide whether a statement everyone talking at the top of their voices.
interesting. He always varied thi ngs, changed
or opinion is always true. So, criti cal th inkers They reall y annoy people wh o want to study.
the pace of the lesson, and used different
make jud gments based on evidence and clear M: Mmm, that's not fair, is it? A lot of students
methods to teach us. The chemistry laboratory
thinki ng. They look at problems in a thou ghtfu l like to stud y in the evenings and even at
was a strange environmen t to be in, but we all
way and try to solve them. night in their rooms. They must have some
enjoyed the classes. In the end, we all passed
It's an import ant skill for a,cademi c stud ies. peace and quiet.
the Chemi stry exam and Chemistry became my
Teachers and lectu rers expect students to think favourit e subject on the cu rri culum. P/ MC: Exactly/Right.
critically w hen they do essays and reports, M: Let's see, there are several ways to deal with
and carry out research. Students need to show this. Let's look at our options. Erm, we
USSON 6_} RfCORDING 6.:l
the ab ility to analyse inform ation, question could agree to ban parti es in rooms, or we
statements and opi nions, and identify key I'm an A merica n, and I can tell you, a cou ld only all ow parties after the exams .. .
point s in a text. co llege degree in the US puts yo u way W hat do you thin k, May Cheng?
But most of all , critical thinkin g is an imp ortant ahead of people who don' t have one. If MC: Well , the good thin g is that it's fair to
skill for everyone. It encourages you to ask you want to work i n cities like Boston, New everyo ne, b ut the b ad thing is, it wou ldn ' t
questio ns about wha t you see, hear and read, York or San Francisco, yo ur starting salary be very popula r. I mean, everyone li kes
and not accept id eas and opi nio ns uncrit ically. will be much higher than guys w ho don't parties, do n't they? It's part of our educatio n .
So, critical thinkers are cur ious about life, and have a degree, and you certain ly need a P: Could I make a suggestion, Marie?
they form their own values and beliefs. good salary to afford an apartment in those M: Sure, go ahead.

169
·--
t "'
._____
"
A.UOIO gcRrPTS
P: Supposing we let each floor of the hall have A: Erm ... yes, you're right, it is da Vinci.
on e party per semester. That' d redu ce the LESSO_!-J 7.5 7.5__ _
B: Goodness! It's in very good condition .. .
number of parties a lot. l = l ecturer, E = Erika
it says here he was bo rn in 1452, so it
M: M a'ybe, but there would stil l be qu ite a lot must be over 500 years old. L: So, you'd like me to give you some advice
of noise w hen each floo r had their party. A: Yes, and it's an amazing drawing. on editi ng your work, Erika?
No, I don ' t think that's the right thing to do. B: Yeah, I read somewhere he w as E: Yes, if you could give me a few tips, it
Let's see, wh at other opt ions do we have? fascinated by b irds and flying. Perhaps wo uld be very helpful. I know I need to
MC: I've got an idea. How about letting the that's w here he got his ideas for the check my written work more carefull y.
students book a room in the main buil ding drawi ng. L: O K. I' ll try to keep it simp le. W hat are the
for parti es? You could charge a small fee, A: Yeah, you' re probably ri ght. most common mistakes students make
and tell them that they have to book, say,
2 P = Pablo, I = Irin a when they w rite? These are the sort of thi ngs
four weeks in advance. I think most people yo u should be look ing for. And everyone
wou ld accept that. P: Oh look at th at, Iri na. That must be the
famous Anna G. corksuew. should think about them w hen they check
M: Yes, good idea. That's the best solu tion, their written work.
I think. OK, Pablo? I: Yes, it can' t be anything else. O h look,
there's a full range w ith all the diffe rent E: Exactl y.
P: I don't know. I'd lik e to discuss it with the
colou rs. How long have they been L: OK. I' ll give you five or six poi nts to think
other reps first. They may come up w ith
around for? about. First of all, chec k your spell ing and
some other ideas.
P: I think since the earl y 1990s. pun ctu ation carefull y. If yo u've typed your
M: All ri ght, I know there are other th ings you
I: No, they can' t be that old. W hat does it work, don' t forget to use a spell -checker.
w ant to talk about. The best way is to E: Oh, yes. Good idea.
discuss the matters at our Management say here? Oh, you're right. It fir st
appeared in 1994. L: O f course, you'll make mistakes w ith
Committee meetin g. Why don't you send diff icult wo rds, like, oh, erm ...
me notes on all the prob lems and I' ll P: Mm m, it was a classic design. I think
you can still buy them in the Alessi shop. 'acco mmodation' or 'receive', but students
include them in the agenda?
3 G = George , S = Sally often make mistakes w ith simple wo rds, like
P: Right, we'll do that.
G: W hat's that? spelling 'wri ti ng' wit h two Ts! And of course
S: I've no idea. W hat could it be? you need to pu nctuate your work correctly.
l ESSON 7.2 RECORDING 7.1
G: It might be a spaceship . We ll, a toy Many students seem to forget that we use
A: let' s brainstorm some ideas for our new spaceship. It's the right shape. full stops w hen we write English!
p roj ect, the foldi ng chair. So first, w ho E: I know wha t you mean . My teacher is
S: No, I' m certain that it's not that. It
exactly is our target consume r? wouldn ' t really be in a museum of always tellin g me to use a fu ll stop instead
B: We ll, we need to reach as many peop le as ofa comma !
design.
possible. The chai r cou ld be useful for all L: Right. And don ' t forget about cap itals.
G: Mmm, I see w hat you mean. And maybe
kinds of people, you know, people going Check your writt en work to make sure that
it's too heavy to be a toy. W hat else
camping or fishing, or even going to outdoor coul d it be? you have used capital letters w here they' re
concerts. In fact, it could be suitable for app ropria te.
S: M mm, I don ' t know really. What does it
anyone w ho has to sit outside for a long time. E: O K. Got that.
say on the notice?
A: OK, w hat abo ut the materials for making it? L: M y next tip is to check your wo rk for
G: It says it's a lemon squeezer. Apparentl y
B: Well , it must be li ght and easy to carry if we grammatical errors.° In particular, check
it's the designer Phili ppe Starck's
want to gain market share. We ca'n't use best-know n design. your verb tenses and verb forms. Make sure
steel - that's too heavy. We can use yo u' ve used the right tense or form. You
S: O K, I see it now. Wou ld yo u lik e
aluminiu m for the frame and canvas for the something li ke that? have prob lems using the present perfect
seat. And to keep costs down, maybe we tense. Think carefull y before you use that
G: No w ay! It j ust doesn't look practic al.
should make it in just three co lours. tense. It's easy to make a mistake with a
A: Yes, that's important. Also, it must be cheap verb form, especiall y w ith th e past tenses of
I ESSON 7.4 RfCORDING 7.4
if we want to be compe titive. There are one irregular verbs. Don't use 'gone' w hen you
or two chairs on the market that sell at I think this is by far the best entry. It's a mean 'went' and don 't use 'catched' w hen
under €50. We can produ ce something lightweight travel j acket, designed by an Italian it should be 'caught'. OK?
simi lar - it do esn' t have to be very different student, Anto nia Moretti. As you can see, it E: Right. I often make mistakes with irregular
for this market. But we can have a second looks very mode rn and styli sh. In my op inion, verbs - they're very difficult to learn and
more expensive model too, if that's what it's aimed at young peop le. It w ill appeal to th en I write the wro ng form in an essay.
people want. people who are on th e move, peopl e wh o L: Yes, th ey're di fficult and so are prepositions.
B: Mmm . Good po int. OK, another thing: the want to carry lots of things on them whe n they Check that you've written the cor rect
rules say it has to be strong enough to make trip s abroad or go to sport s events or prepositio n after an adjective or verb. For
suppor t a heavy person. music festivals. They're the kin d of people w ho example, don't w rite 'depend of w hen it
A: Absolutely. OK, in terms of timin g we don ' t woul d love this jacket. But it's also suitable for should be 'depend on'. So many students
need to rush, but we cou ld launch it j ust students and for peopl e commuti ng to work. make that error, you wou ldn't beli eve it.
before the summer - there'll be a big It has several special features. There are three E: O K. Be careful w ith preposition s. I' ll check
demand for it then . In fact, we reall y mustn' t extra-large po ckets for carryi ng c lothes, shoes, them in a diction ary if I'm not sure.
miss thi s oppor tun ity. and other items lik e that, and four smaller L: Good. Word order is important, too. Check
B: You' re right, but we shou ldn't launch it until po ckets. A ll of them zip up for extra security. that you've used the right word order in you r
we're reall y ready. l ook, I think we shou ld One of the jac ket's best qua lities, I'd say, is that sentences. That's especially important for you.
wait for the results of our market research the zips have a l ifetime guarantee, so they must E: Yes, that's true - I often make mistakes w ith
be very sturd y. word order. It's a real pro blem for me.
before mak ing any decisions.

7.3 RECORDING 7.3

. The jacket has two unique features. Firstly, it's
made from a new materi al wh ich is very strong,
L: My final piece of advi ce is, after you've
w ritt en something, always ask yourself the
waterproof and heat resistant. And secondly, qu estions ' Is my meaning clear?' and 'Wi ll
A = Anna, B = Bees it's got a pocket wi th a lock, so you can keep someone reading my wor k understand w hat
A: Wow, look at that. W hat is it? money and valuables in it safely. Not even a I'm try ing to say?' That's it, really, I hope my
B: It's a draw ing. I think it's a sort of fly ing pi ckpocket cou ld open it! Anoth er strong point tips w i l l help yo u.
machine. is the logo on the sleeve - a uni que, one-off E: I' m sure they w il l. I' ll put them into practi ce
A: Yes, it coul d be that. Who do you think design by the famo us street artist, Miki Panos - wh en I w rite my next essay.
it's by? so it looks really coo l.
B: Mmm, it might be by da Vinc i, I believe OK, this is the design that gets my vote. The
he did that sort of thing. Have a look at jac ket's durable, functional, easy to use and,
the sign. What does it say? above all , in novative. I think we shou ld give it
our first prize.

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 AUDIO SCRIPTS
LESSON 8.1 RlCORDINC 8.1 unexpected thin gs, like, erm ... sales that 9.1 Rf:CORmNc, 9.1
are lower than they hoped, o r rising costs.
I = Interviewe r, A= Allan Smith I = Int erviewe r, L = Lind sey Barone
You should get your forecastsdow n in w riting.
I: Ton ight, we're focusing on starting your Check how you're getti ng on and use you r I: For our next guest on A Woman's World, I' d
own business. I have w ith me Allan Sm ith, pla n to help you succeed in the business. Oh, like t o welcome to the program me Lindsey
an acco unt ant and business advise r. Good yes, one othe r thing - don't expect to get th e Barone, head of engin eering at Swift
evenin g, A llan - thanks for jo in ing us. forecasts right straight away . You' ll improve Aerospace - a very good example of a
A: Good evening, John - it's a p leasure. later when you have more experience. woman in a man's world.
I: All an, cou ld I start by asking you to give us I: Thanks very much, A llan . Some good advice L: Good morn ing everyone .
the most important tips for someone setting th ere for people starting up a busi ness. I: Lindsey, you're an eng ineer, but w hy did
up a business? you beco me o ne? Wh at got you interested?
A: Certainl y. First of all, I'd say you must LESSON 8.1 RECORDINC !!A L: Well, fro m a yo ung age I was alw ays
understand you'l l never know everything ----- interested in how thin gs work. I chose
there is to know about runnin g a business A: I think a car washing business is a good engineering as a career because I wanted to
- it' s as simp le as that. So, you' ll need help idea. We'll need to research the market a bi t make things better. Engineering isn't ju st
in certain areas - maybe wi th finances and first. M aybe the supermark ets w ill allow us about testi ng theories and b uild ing models.
tax, or perhaps wi th sell ing and marketin g. to wash customers ' cars in the car park. It's abo ut designing new prod ucts and
Once you know the areas whe re you need B: Yes, good idea. findin g new uses for old produc ts. I suppose
help, you can train your self, or brin g in an A: Al so, how about contacting a local taxi at its mo st basic it's about how to solve
employee w ho has the skill you need. fir m? They have a lot of cars w hich always problems. It's great w hen you make a
Another way is to get advice from an expert seem to be d irty. There could be a cleanin g breakthrou gh and improve the w ay the
or a frie nd w ho has their own business. OK? service for the inside of the cars as well. We wo rld works!
I: Right, very useful. Anything else? wouldn 't need much equip ment, but we I: Mmm, interesting. And could you tell me a
A: Yes, my second tip is all abou t marketing . shoul d have a good name - how abo ut b it about your trai nin g?
You need to be sure that your product w ill something li ke KarK\ean, w ith a K - you L: Well , I studied engineering at university.
sell in sufficie nt numb ers, at a pri ce that know, K-A-R K-L-E-A-N? I was the on ly woman in the mec hani cal
covers your costs. In other words, it must B: Yeah, good idea. We cou ld give people a engineering department!
give you a return on your money; it's got to di scount to start with and print a few leaflets I: So, how was that?
make a prof it. To do th is you must be clear to advertise the business. L: Well, at fi rst I felt a bi t unco mfort able, but
about how you price yo ur prod uct - for A: Yes, I don' t think it' d cost mu ch to set up after a w h ile it didn ' t bother me. People got
example, are you going to price it above, the business and we could make quite a lot used to me and I was treated like anyone
the same as or below your co mpetitors ? of mon ey. else. In fact sometimes it was a bit of an
Then , you mu st also thi nk about how you' ll advantage because people liked to have me
promotE' it. I mean, how arc you going to let LESSON 8.4 RE.CORDING 8.6 in their team!
people know about the product , so that they V = Vanessa, B = Bob I: Yo u're head of engineering now. How did
become awa re of it? That's important. A nd, yo u get to whe re you are today?
V: Could I speak to Bob, please?
you kn ow, you may have to market it in a L: Well , I started in a test lab for aerop lanes.
B: Yes, speaking. How can I help you?
different way to diff erent peoRle. That could I did stress and safety tests th ere. Basicall y,
V: Hi Bob, it's Vanessa from Dom ino in Italy
be the key to success. -. I bro ke thin gs! Doing that sort of research is
here.
I: OK, so good marketing is essenti al w hen very importan t as it tells you w hat loads the
B: Hi Vanessa. How are thi ngs?
you start your own business. structures can carry. Then I went into
V: Fine. Did you get my email?
A: Exactl y. aerop lane design. I worked on all areas of
B: Yes, I d id, but I' ve been really busy - sorry
comm ercial plane s before moving int o
I haven' t repli ed. You wa nt to order some
LESSON 8.1 RECORDING 8.2 sunglasses from us.
proje ct management in the aircraft indu stry.
I: Now you' re head of department and I guess
I: You spent many years, A llan, working in V: We ll, yes ... maybe. Thanks for the samples
in charge of a lot of men. How do you fi nd
accountancy fi rms with businesses that you sent us, Bob, they certai nly look good.
that?
failed, that went bankrupt. Why did most of B: They sure are Vanessa, they' re sellin g reall y
L: Well , it wasn't too easy at first. I had to prove
them fail? well. OK, how many would you like to
myself. It's true, it's a very male env ironment.
A: Erm .. . I think there were three reasons really. order?
Wh en they could see that I had good
Firstly, some faile d because the market had V: Mmm, we ll , we' re thinkin g of placing quit e
practica l experience and abil ity and co uld
moved on and th e busin ess was left behind . a large order, about 50,000, at the pr ice you
meet my dead li nes, everything w as fine.
It w as using old equ ipment that just wasn' t gave us in the email.
I: I suppose that's true of anyone w ho's in
up to date, wasn't efficient - the pr inting B: Great!
charge. O K, Lindsey, finally - w hat's the best
trade is a good examp le of that. Another V: Yeah, bu t it's reall y important that yo u can
thi ng about bei ng an engineer?
reason was that some of them depended deliver to us in A ugust.
L: Oh, that's an easy on e to answer. I love the
too much on one main customer, and then B: Oh, I'm afraid that would be a b it diff icult,
challenge of findin g solu tions to problem s.
if th e customer deci des they don' t need you Vanessa, we've already still got qui te a few
I hope that wha t I do improves people's
any more ... And the thi rd reason, well ... it summer orders to deal with. M aybe in
lives. For me, engineeri ng is fun, excit ing
cou ld be a numb er of thi ngs, poor plann ing, September - that should be O K.
and satisfying. We really need more women
cash flow problems, bad debts, erm . .. not V: What about if we pay earlier? Will you be
comin g into the profession!
deali ng w ith tax properly, that sort of thin g abl e to del iver in August?
I: Thanks very much, Lin dsey. Now, our next
- ju st not manag ing the business properl y. B: Vanessa, let me check if I understand you,
guest is someone who ...
do you mean paym ent o n delivery, in
8.1 RECORDIN(, 8.3 August? Well , that would be good ...
LESSON ll.3 Rl:CORDINC 9.2
I: A fin al questio n - w hat do you thin k abou t
V: No, we couldn 't pay that soon. I was --- ---
th inking of paying after 60 days. How do 1 He's an engineer.
busin ess plans? you feel abo ut that? 2 I wo rk for a b ig ban k.
A: Oh, they're vital. You should thi nk of them
B: Sorry Vanessa, I don' t th ink we can wa it 3 She's the Chief Executive.
as a map whic h' II take you from tod ay to that lo ng. How about 30? 4 Rachel's the head of department.
how the business wi ll be in a few years'
V: I' m not sure about that. OK, Bob, look . .. I' ll 5 She goes to the Un iversity of Oxfo rd.
time. The business plan will set o ut your th ink it over and maybe get back to yo u.
objec ti ves, how you are goi ng to get there, B: That sounds fine. Well ... I hope to hear LESSON 9.4 RECORDING 9.3
to achieve them and how you' re goi ng to
fro m yo u soon.
'1Sure your progress. Too many peop le Some excit ing new s now from the M inister
V: Right, Bob, thanks a lot. Bye for now .
:hei r p lan is in th eir head, but whe n that of the Env ironme nt, Susan Lau, w hich should
B: Bye.
they often can't deal wi th p lease all the engineers in our country.

171
 AUDIO SCRIPTS
The governmen t has announced that it is p lace to l ive and work in. That's what w e all wor k in a technical field, 'in an area where
considering the possibilit y of building the tall est want, don 't w e? they can use the knowledge they've gained
city in {he world - a vertical city located just C Mmm, nice idea, I reall y like the name. durin g their engineering studies.
on the edge of our capital, whi ch wou ld brin g A: Me too . OK, we all seem to like it. Are we ): Absolutely, Davide. When I leave here, I want
new life to the city, as well as boosting tour ism. all agreed then? Have we reached a to do research and use my engineeri ng
It w ill be over 1,500 metres high - at least that's decision? It'll be Paradise City. skill s. I didn't com e here to learn to be a
the idea - wi th a width of about 500 metres at B/ C : Yeah. Agreed. manager. Whe n I leave here wi th a degree,
its base. The idea is that about 40, 000 people A: OK then. I'll recomme nd the name to the I want to do somethi ng fantastic, build a new
wi ll live there, and over 100,000 w ill work in mini ster. We're all agreed. It's the best name. b ridge or a dam or invent a new system of
the city durin g the day. The vertical city, w hich com muni cation, that's what reall y motivates
is being called at present the 'Mega Project', lFSSON 9.3 VIDEO RH.ORDINC, 'l me. For me, management studies is a total
w ill have apartments, a hotel , an international waste of time - right now. Later, maybe ...
conference centre, offices, food outlets, and
J = Jake, D = Dav ide, S = Sheeba, V = Valerie
entertainment and leisure fac ilities. And, ju st ): . .. I think I agree, Sheeba. Wi th an LESSON q,5 RECORDING CJ.6
li ke any other city, th ere' ll be green spaces, engineerin g degree, O K, maybe you can get
a position on a team or become a pro ject Most people are effective in group discu ssion
founta ins, parks and gardens.
manager. But you don' t have the ski lls to w hen they've had a lot of practice . It's norma l
At the moment , it's just an idea, but an exci ting to be nervous, of course, if you're takin g part
start you r own comp any or become head of
one - it would really p ut the country on the in a group discussion, a tutorial or seminar, for
a company, a CEO. So maybe management
map, no doubt about that. The minister p lans to example, for the first time. There are, however
qual ificat ions are really imp ortant for
contact engine ering departments in universities a few Dos and Don'ts whe n it comes to group
engineers.
and invite new angles and discussion of the idea. discussions. I hope you' ll find my advice useful.
0: Can I come in here, please? Sheeba, are you
saying all engineers must do a management A golden rule, I'd say, is to listen carefully to
LF"iSON 9.4 Rf.CORDING ll.4
cour se? the opin ion and advice of other speakers. That
A: Hey, di d you see the news on TV last night? S: No, that's not what I think at all. Let me shows that you respect their op inions, even
There was somethin g about bu ildin g a new, expl ain my po int of view. I'm saying that if you don' t agree w ith them. If you disagree,
vertical city? technical ab il ity isn't enough if you want to you can do so politely . You can say things like,
B: Yeah, I saw the interview . Really interesting. get to the top of your career - !hat's all. 'That's a good poin t, but .. .', or 'I see w hat
I think it's a great project, bui lding a new V: Can I make a qui ck po int, p lease? It's ju st you're getting at, but . ..', or even 'I' m afraid
city. It'd create a lot of publ icity and attract not true you can' t get to the top wit hout I don' t agree with you.' Above all, don't use
foreign bu sinesspeople. That's ju st what we management training. There are lots of heads strong language li ke, 'That's nonsense, rubb ish,
need, isn't it? of big compani es w ho've never been to really stup id.' O ther speakers may have
A: Yeah - I li ke the idea a lot. It's really univ ersity. They have leadership qualit ies ... different opini ons fro m you. The>' may not be
excit ing, a big proj ect li ke that. It'd certainly S: OK, b ut the point is . . . wron g, j ust different.
help to solv e the housing problem , that' d be V: Hang on, let me fini sh what I want to say. If you are nervous about maki ng a contribution ,
a big advantage, and it'd probably reduce S: Yes, sorry. start w ith something small . For example, agree
crime in the area. Also, it'd create lots of V: And they have other abili ties, reall y good wi th w hat someone says, ask for an example
jobs and really boo st the econom y. com munication and interpersonal skill s. or prepare a question you want to ask. Try to
B: Yes, exactl y. I suppose the people.wo rking Some are very charismatic. speak clearly, even if yo u're uncertain about
there would also live there. That' s pro babl y S: O K, true, but most of these skill s can be your ideas or language.
what they have in min d. People would wa lk taught on a management co urse - that's my A very impo rtant poi nt now. Don' t speak wh ile
to wor k instead of driving, so there'd be fewer poin t. Davide, you want to say something? someone else is speaking, in other words,
traffic jams and a lot less stress for people. D: Yes, in my opini on, most engineers w i ll don't talk over another person. It's very rude
A: Mmm, I must say, a vertical city sounds li ke make good managers, even if they haven't to do that. Also, don ' t speak a lot more than
a reall y good idea. I thi nk it'd be a good studied management. everyone else in the discussion. Give othe r
way of using the land in the area. A good S: Really, w hat makes you say that? people a chance to have their say. So, try not to
use of resources, I mean, puttin g a lot of D: When you stud y engi neering, you learn the interrupt speakers, let them finish w hat they're
peop le in a small space. That makes sense ski ll s you need to be a good manager. Like, saying. If you feel you have to interrupt a
to me. I just hope the government approves erm, analysing th ings, evaluati ng risks, speaker because you r po int is really impo rtant,
the proje ct. Do you think they wi ll ? bei ng creative and innov ative, dealing w ith how about saying, 'Could I just say something
B: I suppose it depends on a lot of things. Erm, figures, wo rking in teams, those kind of please', and use a bit of body language as well,
yo u know , wi ll it be popular with th e thin gs. You don 't need to do an MBA to like a smal I movement of the hand to attract
pub lic? Are there any strong arguments learn those thin gs, you know them already. attention .
against it? Can we actu ally do it? Where w ill I think you agree wi th me, don' t you, Finally, pay attention to your body language.
the money come fro m? Have you thought Valerie? · Try to look relaxed and fri endly. Don 't make
about that one? V: Yes, I agree comp letely . I'd like to ask
aggressive gestures, like po inting your finger or
Sheeba and Jake a question, if I may. banging the table. And if you ask a question,
LESSON 9.4 RECORDING 9.5 S/J: Yeah/O K. make sure you do n't sound aggressive. Use
V: Do you think all engineers want to get to
A: What about calling it Mega City? It's easy to polit e language like 'Could I ask a question,
top positions in indu stry? p leasel' or 'Co uld you expand on that, please?'
remember.
S: No, of course not. Let me clarify ... let me
B: Mmm , it's a possible solution, I suppose,
explain. I'm saying most engineers w ill get LESSON 10.l RECORDING 1_0._l__ _
but there are ot her possibil ities. How about
better jobs and earn more money if they
Hope City? It' s a really good name because M = Manage r, C = Chloe
have th e management skill s as well as the
it' ll prov ide a lot of housing for poo r people.
technical ones. M : Hell o Chloe, good to see yo u. We've got a
Give them hope for the future.
J: Perhaps that's true. But many engineers litt le time before my next meeti ng, so ...
C: Yeah, Hope City. It sounds good to me, I must study management for the w rong reasons. how are thi ngs going?
say. But w hat other names can we think of?
Let me expla in. They've been in the same C: Very we ll, thanks. I've reall y enjoyed my
A: We ll, one option would be to call it Tower
j ob for a long time and they ju st get bored. first week here. I've talked to a lot of the
City. That's exactly what it would be - a
They haven't got a prom otion so they thi nk, trainees and served a few customers.
toweri ng city, one of the highest in the worl d. oh well , I' d better do some management M : No prob lems, I hope?
B: I don't know , I' m not too keen on that
studies. You see, they don' t really have a C: Not really. There were ju st a coupl e of
name. We have one oth er optio n, you
career plan, they iust can't think of anything custo mers who were a bit difficult, but they
know. If we called ·1t Parad'1se City, I think better to do. were OK in the end.
most peopl e wou ld l ike that name. It 0: Can I just say something here? In my M: Good. Let me give you one or two tips
suggests the city wou ld be a wonderfu l opin ion, it's better for most engi neers to whi le I have the time. First of all, many

172
 AUD IO SCRIPTS
trainees thi n k they don 't need to know LESSON 10.4 RECORDING I0.4 We can't change everything immedia tely, we
anythi ng about the rest of the store, but
- - need to think about what the most important
C = Claire Ma xwe ll, M = Michael Harvey,
we've foun d the best sales staff are not just issues are.
B = Brenda Fisher, P = Patrick Riley,
fashion spec ial ists, they also find out about
D = David Jenkin s
the rest of the sto re so they can help I ESSON 10.4 RECORDING 10.5
customers when they' re looking for other C: OK, our fir st caller is on the lin e - Brenda
Fisher. M = Ma ril yn, F = Frieda
sections. So don ' t forget, you' ll need to
answer questions about other departments, M : Go ahead, Brenda. W hat wo uld you like to M: So, wha t are you going to ask about at the
espec ially cosmeti cs and jewe llery. ask me? meeting, Frieda?
C: Right, that's good advice. By the w ay, I've B: Good evening, M r Harvey. I wa nt to talk F: W ell, there arc p lenty of thi ngs I' m not
noticed no on e wears any kind of uniform about the parking problem. I' m very happ y about, but it's the beaches that really
in thi s department. Most of the assistants unhappy about it. I use my car a lot in the bother me. I want to know w hat they' re gonna
seem to be wearing designer labels. Is that city and it always take ages to find a space. do to clean them up and keep them clean.
I go round and round searchi ng, it's a M: Yeah, know what you mean. There's alw ays
your policy then?
\\: Yes. We have no rules about uniforms. Staff nightma re. And if I do get a space, and go loads of plastic rubb ish on them, bags, cups,
can wear some of our fashions. You see, ju st a litt le over the time limit, some guy empty bottles, it's really disgusting.
you and your coll eagues are models for our rushes up and sticks a huge parki ng fine on F: Exactly. W hy do they allow dogs on the
fash ions as well as advisers. We picked up my window. And you know, your parking beaches? And let people have barbecues on
this idea last year in M ilan duri ng th eir attendants, they're awfu l people, so rude. them. I've seen famil ies have picnics on the
fashion show. We visited a few of the top They seem to enjoy giv ing us fines. beach and not clear anything away . I wan t
stores in M ilan and learnt a lot from them. M : Mm m, I understand how you feel, Brenda. It's to get some answers from the mayor and the
C: So you travel abroad? true, a lot of motori sts are unhappy about the counci l. Not just, 'OK, I' ll look into it',
\\; Yes. I used to do all the tri ps on my own park ing facil ities. It's a serious prob lem and that' s wha t he usuall y says, and then does
wi th no help, but last year I took some of we're loo king at various ways of dealing noth ing. How about you ? W hat are you
the assistants alo ng with me. It's good w ith it. Thanks very much for your comment. going to ask about?
training for them. C: Thanks Brenda. Now a call from Patrick Riley. M : I' m reall y angry, we l l, that's putt ing it
C: \Vow ! I di dn't realise you did that. No P: Even ing, Mr Harvey. It's about the noise mild ly, about the developmen t they're
wo nder you keep your staff for years! and awfu l behaviou r of you ng people on proposing at Sandy Cove.
\\:We believe in treating staff well, it's very Friday and Saturday nights. You see, I finish F: Sandy Cove? That lovely little beach where we
important. Actually, we need to start work late at night. I have to wa lk throu gh used to go at lunchtime to have a quic k swim?
thin king about next year's fashion shows the centre of tow n to get back home . I can M : Yeah, but it wo n' t be lovely much longer.
- but we've got plenty of ideas and we' ! I get tell you, it's not a nice experie nce. These They' re planning to develop the area there.
some information from the organisers soon. you ngsters come out of the bars and cl ubs Di dn' t you read about it in the paper?
C Do yo u have any other tips for me, li ke how after m idnight. They make a tremendous F: No I m issed that. Tell me abo ut it.
no ise, singin g, shouting, screamin g, some M: W ell, they w ant to use most of the beach to
to approach customers? I don't have a lot of
sales experience. of them get into fights. I tel l you, I wouldn' t bui ld a two-storey restaurant and a big
"t: I know, but yo u've got the right personali ty. want to be a police officer in this town. amusement arcade. And at the side, they
Look, the best p iece of can give What are you going to do about it, want to put a car park.
Mr Harvey? F: Reall y?
vou is to give custom ers enough time to
M: Mmm , I have to agree, our city is becoming M : Yeah, the development w ill ruin the area.
make up their minds without any p ressure.
Give them a lot of attention and plenty of a bit li ke New York these days. Young No one w ill wa nt to go to the beach
advice, but on ly w hen they need it. It's you r people just don 't want to go to bed at the because there wo n' t be muc h of it left. I'm
job to judge the right moment. OK? Never weekends. We' re very concerned abou t this so angry about it. And I'm not the on ly one.
oversell or put too m uch pressure on a probl em. We're taki ng it seriousl y and But the mayo r and cou ncil thi nk it's a great
customer. W e have enough sales assistants thi nkin g about various opt ions to deal wit h idea. There are even reports about it in the
to do the job properly. it. We' ll be con siderin g solutions at ou r next national press, I believe. The mayor wi ll be
C: Thanks very much. That's very helpful. council meeting. on national TV next, wit h a big smile on his
\\: Good, we ll Chloe, I must be off to my C: OK, time for one more cal l before we have face, no do ubt.
meeting. I've enjoyed c hatting to yo u. Well th e news report. David Jenkins, you wa nt to F: Oh, another thi ng I' m unhappy abo ut is
ta lk to our mayor about air pollution in the student accommoda tion. My son wou ld li ke
done, you've had a very good first week.
town, I bel ieve? to move out and live w ith some of his college
D: Hell o, Mr Harvey. Goo d eveni ng. Perhaps frien ds, b ut they can' t fin d any flats at th e
'>SON 10.3 10.2
I shou ld say 'Goodbye'! right price. Everythi ng's just too expensive.
These days I only b uy records. Why? The M : O h? I don 't th ink the council is doi ng enoug h to
quali ty of the sound is better than the sound D : I want to talk to you about pollution. I'm keep rents low for students.
of digita l music. moving away from here pretty soon. The air M : I agree, it's a reall y serio us probl em.
1 I haven' t bought any music in ages. I mainly is so polluted, it's really bad for my health . Something needs to be done for them. But you
listen to m usic on YouTube, Pandora and You know, I've been here over thirty years, kno w, the council isn' t do ing much about it.
other streaming services. It's free. but recently I've been in very bad health, it's F: Does it surprise yo u? I'd like to see a lot
3 I get all my music fro m iTunes and all because of the bad air, too many fumes more action to solve our problems, but I'm
down load to my iPod. I love making my from the cars, I think. Anyway, I'm getting not holding my breath.
ow n play lists of songs for parties, jogging or out, I've had enough. M: Mmm , well, let's see what happens at the
driv ing. And I can carry my ipod anyw here. M : We ll, I don' t know w hat to say to you, meeting. It'll give us a chance to tell the
4 I get all my music fre!; from the internet. David. I'm sorry that you're thi nking of mayor how we feel.
I don' t see w hy anyone wou ld pay for it leaving ou r city because of your health.
w hen you can dow nload it all for free. I can tel l yo u, our environment offi cer is LESSON 10.5 RECORDING 10.6
5 We ll, I'm 40 and over my li fe I've bou ght preparing a report on reduci ng pol lution I like to test myself by p utting new
records, cassettes, CDs and now I buy my levels. I' ll make sure you get a copy.
vocabulary I want to learn onto cards.
songs from iTunes. I love being abl e to carry D: Thank yo u. I hop e you pub lish it soon . I put an example sentence w ith the word or
my iPhon e around, but for sound qua lity M : Could I just say, Claire, before our break?
phrase missing on one side of the card. On
I think vinyl is best. W e're having a p ubli c meeti ng in the tow n
6 I buy my music from Amazon as a CD . the other side I pu t the word or phrase.
hall next week. Anyon e is welcome to come I often test myself w hen I'm on the train.
I hardly ever dow nload free m usic off the and raise any issue that's both ering them.
2 I li ke to organise new vocab ulary under
internet. I love playing CDs in my bedroom. I' ll be there and also a colleague from the top ic areas, for example, verbs, nouns and
I also like the CD packaging with the artwork, counci l. We want to have an open
idioms connected to a subj ect, like crime,
and also reading lyrics from the booklet. discussion and decide what our priorities are.

173
 AUDJO SCRJPTS
so I can concentrate on learning vocabu lary languages came up. She asked if I spoke any A: I see your po int Bob, but we need to be sure
on the same theme. foreign languages. exactly wha t we want. Wha t are our main
3 I like to have word families in my N: Ha! That was an easy one for you! criteria for investing?
vocabulary book. I test myself by startin g R: Yeah, I told her I was bilingu al in English B: Well, for me it has to be down to the

wi th a verb or nou n and then try to and Arabi c and that I spoke Spanish and original ity of the idea. That's w hat' ll get
remember adverbs or adjectives, and Portuguese fluently. She seemed pretty people interested and help sell it.
impressed. A: Yes, I understand that, but I also think the
synony ms and op posites.
4 For difficult vocabulary I try to make a lin k N: I' m sure she was. Did she offer you the job experien ce of the director is important. They
with my ow n language, so I try to thin k of a on the spot? can make or break a fil m and they make a
word that sounds the same, and I remember R: Not quite. She wanted to know where I'd difference to its sales.
the new word that way. gone to uni versity and if I'd taken any B: True. Actuall y, I thin k the director is less
5 I have a great vocabul ary app on my phone. further quali ficati ons. I told her I' d taken imp ortant than the location. I think we need
It lets me record and test my pronuncia tion, extra qualification s in IT and new digital plenty of locatio ns around the world so
and gives me random tests of vocab ulary technologies and a Masters in Media. She peopl e see places they've been to or wou ld
meanings as well. also wanted to know w hat articles I'd like to visit. So the film becomes aspirational
6 I try to note dow n five new wor ds each day wri tten and so on. There was only one and means somethin g to people.
and learn their meaning. What I do is w rite diffic ul t questio n reall y ... A: M mm, good point , They are both important,
them on post-it notes and stick them on a N: Oh yeah? and a variety of locations wi ll help to sell
board in my office. R: Mmm, she asked me w hat qu aliti es a the fil m in different p laces. O n th e one
j ournalist needed to be a foreign hand, it' ll have more international appeal,
L 11.1 RECORDING 11. l correspondent. I wasn't sure how to answer but on the other hand if we choose a film
that one. like that it'll be much more expensive, do n't
4 Good morning li steners. Last night, I N: How did you handle it? forget. We have to think about cost.
attended the first l ive recording of a new R: Wel l, I said, obviously, I'd never do ne the B: Yes, we do, but if we wa nt a big hit, we' ll
radio comedy series It's a Laugh, wh ich is job, but I had thought about it. I said that need to spend more.
going out on Comedy FM . It'll be on every foreign correspond ents had to be able to A: Maybe I'm being too careful, but I don' t want
Mo nday evening for six weeks. I' m pleased make decisions wit hout wa iting for peopl e to spend million s and find w e have something
to report that the series li ves up to its name. to tell you w hat to do. So, they needed to a lot wo rse than our usual TV series.
It's hilarious . Some of the jokes don' t always show init iative w hen they were reporti ng in B: Yes, you are a careful person Amy. Maybe
work, b ut overall ! really recommend it. a foreign country. They also needed to be that's w hy you're successful. But film -making
You' ll enjoy yo urselves. digitall y l iterate and aware of all the new is always a big risk, w hether for TV or cinema.
5 Even though yo u' re probab ly fans of his,
digi tal techno logies.
I'm sorry to tell you all that there's no real N: I think that's a reall y good answer. W as she 12.2 RECORDING 12.1
plot. It's meant to be a gripp ing thrill er, but
pleased? It's no surprise I'm in prison. I' m j ust like
nobody seems to have a reason for doi ng R: She seemed to be. Anyway , th ere were a
anything. I cou ldn' t relate to any of the my dad. He was a big man and he had a
few more question s. Then at the end, she very quick temper. He was violent at home,
characters. Th is is the wo rst novel I have
asked if I was physically fit. always hitti ng me·and my mum, and he was
read recently. I found the first few chapters N: Funny question , but I suppose it's imp or tant
very heavy going. I know his novel violent outside the home, always pick ing
if you travel a lot in your job. arguments and fightin g w ith people. So
was excellent, but this was a huge R: Yes, true. Anyvvay, I said that I we nt to the he was in and out of pr ison all the time.
disappointment. gym three times a week and go jogging I' m the same. That's w hy I' m in jail at the
6 Good evening, viewers. The fi rst of the old twic e a week, so I should be. moment. Me and some mates, we w ent to
fil ms we're disc ussing tonight is Dracula, N: Goo d answer. Do you thin k you' ll get the a club , someone said someth ing I didn ' t
the 1931 version. It's a classic examp le
job? like and I hit him. Really hard, so he was
of the horr or genre and I'm sure it'll keep R: I've got a good chance, I think, but I wasn' t
you on the edge of your seats. It made Bela badl y inju red. The pol ice came and too k
the only candidate. I' ll just keep my fin gers me off to the station . In the corrido r of th e
Lugosi an international star and its dark crossed and hope fo r the best.
atmosphere is truly frightening . police station , I did something reall y stup id.
I lost my temper w ith a pol ice officer and
LESSON 11.4 RECORDING 11.3 attacked him. I'm sorry now, of course. If
LESSON 11.3 RE( ORDING 11.2.
A = Amy, B = Bob I had learnt to contro l my temper whe n
N = Nura , R = Richard A: Well Bob, you know I thi nk that this is a
I was a kid, I wou ldn't have h it the police
N : Hi, Richard. How did you get on in the great opport uni ty for the co mpany, but it's office r. You just can't do that. In prison,
intervi ew? Did it go wel l? very diff erent from the kind of things we've I attend a class on how to co ntrol your
R: I don' t know really. I think so. anger. I'm learning a lot from the instructor
d one in th e past. We could make a lot of
N: So, w hat ki nd of questions did they ask you? and the other people in the cl ass. I th ink it'l l
money, but we could also lose a lot.
R: We ll, the editor of the newspaper did most of be useful when I come out of priso n - I' ll be
B: Amy, don ' t w orry too much. It's the same as
the talki ng. She asked me why I wanted to able to control my temper better. Actually,
TV reall y, ju st everything's bigger.
be a foreign correspondent and obvious ly all I wa nt to do now is keep out of troubl e,
A: I hope you're right. I j ust wan t a safe
I w as expecting that. I said that I'd stud ied investment, something which is qui te settle dow n and lead a normal life.
journali sm at university and that I'd been 2 The newspapers called me 'Mr Big' . I liked
similar to the sort of stuff we usually make.
the editor of the student newspaper. I also that, but I didn' t lik e the sentence I got -
I think some kind of mystery is the sort of
said l had worked for the local newspaper 20 years in prison . I did n' t expect to be
thing most peopl e really lik e.
for five years and a nation al newspaper for caught. You see, I plan crimes, but I don' t
B: Now, that's where we di sagree again.
three years and now war.1ted a new challenge actually commit them. I get other people to
I thin k thi s is a great oppo rtun ity to do
as a fore ign correspondent for a national do th at. I know I' m very intelli gent,
something very different - you know, a
newspaper. Then she wan ted to know w hat everyone says so. If I had wanted to, I coul d
proper big-budget fil m, something w hich
parts of the world I was interested in. have become a top busi nessman or maybe a
wil l really sell arou nd the w orld and
N: Mm m, w hat di d you say? • lawyer. But early on, I dec ided to follow a
somethin g much better than what we've
R: Well , all the Arab cou ntrie s and South been doing recently. You know, those rather life of cri me. It was an easy way to make
Amer ica. I told her that I also knew Brazil money. And later, I started planning reall y
sad min i-series about unhap py housewives.
and Argentina well , so they woul d be Havi ng said that, I don' t thi nk the genre is big robberi es. That's w hat I really enjoyed.
interesting to report on. I organised some big robber ies and we
that important really. It could be action,
N: O h, I see. What else di d she ask you? Those made lots of money. But then I planned a
adventure, or even a musical. It j ust has to
questions do n't sound too difficult. robbery at the airport - go ld bullion , worth
be di fferent!
R .· No,, /hr y u.-eren 'l rEwl!>< We//, the sub/eel o/ over£ft7 mrllfon. {/ntortt.rnately,mr team of
 AUDIO SCRIPTS
.. .. m1staKe. They stayed at the 12.4 RECORDING 12.3 can then see who is call i{tg and talk to them .
airport too long. If they had done the job The advantage of the safety chai n is that no
more qu ickly, they would have leh in time D =M r Davis, C = Ms Co rni sh, T Mrs Taylo r
one can p ush the door open and come into
and the pol ice would n't have caugh t them. D: You can look at it in two w ays, I th ink. Do
the house. You mightn't believe it but many
One of my gang gave my name to the you believe the wi tness who said he was people w ho have safety chai ns forget to put
police and I was arrested. I'm 51 now . When defin itely stealing the books, or do you them on w hen open ing the door to strangers.
I get out of prison, I'll buy a vi lla in Spain and believe the man himself? He said he was A more expensive security method is to fit
retire there. Plenty of my friends are already just borrowi ng the books for hal f an ho ur improved locks to all your doors. These loc ks
ove r there. to read, then he was going to return them. are difficul t to force open so they keep your
3 My parents didn't have much money, but But he didn 't get the chance to do it. It
p roperty safe. An even more expensive method
they were good to me. We lived in a poor seems to me that he's innocent because the is to fit a burglar alarm for w hen you' re away
area in Glasgow. A lot of peop le were manager didn't give h im a chance to from home . Alarms are a very effective way of
unempl oyed and the crime rate was high. explain before calli ng the pol ice. He appears deterr ing burglars. If you use all these methods
W hen I was abo ut eight years old, I join ed to be an honest person to me. What do you you' ll fin d that you can make it very d ifficult for
a gang of girl s and we used to go shoplifting think, Ms Cornish? thi eves to burgle you r home.
- you know, steali ng thin gs from shops and C: Mmm, it's a d iffi cult one, Mr Davis. On the
stores. It was great fun, until we got caught. one hand, he may look honest, but on the LESSON 11.5 12.5
I'll never forget my mum' s face when the other hand, th ere's some evidence from one
police office r came to our door. witness to suggest he was stealing the books. Good morning. Today I'm go ing to talk about
Then, whe n I was a teenager, I started stealing Personally, I'm not certain he's guil ty because t\vo main topics . The first is car security. That
from houses and when they caught me, I was I think he acted on impulse, with out really means keepi ng your car secure. The second is
sent to reform school. That's w here they put thinkin g. What d o you think , Mrs Taylo r? securit y in the car. That means keeping yourself
you ng people who com mit cr imes. When T: Wel l, I've made up my mind. I'm certain he's safe and secure in the car.
I came o ut, I cou ldn' t get a job and I was guilty . He didn ' t look honest to me. No, he If you have a car or if you're a passenger in a
unemp loyed for over a year. So w hat choice did n't foo l me for one m inute. There's very car there are some simple tips that w ill help
did I have? If I hadn't have been little doubt, as far as I'm co ncerned. you to protect you r goods. The first tip is always
unempl oyed, I wou ldn' t have started C: You seem very certain, but you presume a to lock the car, even if you're just going to be
cash machines . I was sent to p rison lot. I don't think it's a case of trying to fool away from it for a few mom ents. Secondly,
ror two years. I'm 21 now and I don' t want us. We need to be sure that he reall y is never leave anyth ing valuab le w here it can
to go back to pri son. I think I've been so guil ty. My perception is that he is probab ly be seen, even if the car is locked. If you can't
un lucky in my life. I might have tried harder inn oce nt. Rea lly, it' s obvious to me that he take you r valuable goo ds wi th you, make sure
to lead an honest life if I had n't been didn't intend to steal the boo ks. they are locked in the boo t of the car. Radios,
unempl oyed . Anyway, now I' m going to D : W ell, I'm not sure it's as cle ar cut as that. DVD players and satell ite navigation systems
move out of the area and make a new start I mean he had mon ey to pay for one of the are expensive. Remove them from the car
omewhere else. books, and he didn't leave the shop. Are when you park. Nowa days, a lot of drivers use
peop le lik ely to steal if they have money to car immob il isers, wh ich prevents thieves from
"iON 1..U RfCORDINC. 12.2 pay for thin gs? Is that really the case? starting the car, and tracking devic es that help
--- - T: Well, actually they do. Mos t shoplift ers tend the police track the posit ion of your stolen car.
• took so mu ch money everyone in to have money w ith them w hen they steal Finally, if your car is old and doesn't have an
this country and in Europe w ill be aware of thing s. alarm, pu t one in.
t, and they mi ght have wan ted to use the D: Really, I didn't kn ow that. Well, let's have Now, let's switch to security in the car - your
'11oney in Europe. anot her look at the statements and try to personal security. The fi rst th ing to do is to
- lhey shouldn ' t have sto len such a large co me to some agreement. lock your car doo rs as soon as you get in. A
amount of money. Someone found a huge
com mon trick for thieves is to wa it for a dri ver
bag of cash the othe r day and the first thi ng l f'\SON 12.r. _RECORDING 12_.4___ _ to get in the car, then to open the passenger
they thou ght was, 'Co uld it have com e from
Good mo rnin g. I'm Police Constable Martin door and steal a bag on the passenger seat,
that Stockho lm job ?'
Wilk es and today I am going to talk to you about for examp le. But there is one poi nt to always
- Basicall y, they can't have p lanned it
simpl e home securit y. How can we imp rove remember - release the locks when travellin g
proper ly . They shou ld have involved fewer
security in the home and how can we protec t at high speed. This helps you get out of the car
people. And you know, the mo re peop le
ourselves? In the fir st part of my talk I'm going quic kly in case of an accide nt.
invo lved, th e greater th e chance a fri end or
to mention simpl e precautions that don' t cost My next point concerns pro tecting yourself
relative will tell th e police.
anythin g. In the second part, I' ll talk about w hen you're stationary. If you see any crow ds
- The £2 million reward might have go t some
informers and other crim inals interested. The devices you can buy to help w ith home security. or if someone on the street shouts at you, lock
You might th ink I' m stating the obvious , but in all the doors and clo se all the wi ndow s. This
cultu re of not info rming on other criminals
no longer exists. Peop le w ill do anyth ing to my experience fai lin g to follow these simple is a simple precaution to prevent theft fro m
steps leads to most security problems. First, the car. My mother once nearly had her bag
get their hands o n that much money.
snatched as she sat in the car at some traffic
> Banks have become mu ch better at tracki ng always remem ber to close the doo rs and
w indows at the front of you r house or lights on a busy street. Fortunately, she was very
bank notes, so there is a possibility that they
apartm ent w hen you are at the back of the quick -th inking and managed to hold the th ief's
might have traced some of the cash.
f> The police think someone with inside bui ld ing o r in the garden, especially in warm fingers, bendi ng them backwa rds and forcing
weather. Leaving your wi ndows open creates a him to drop the bag in the car. She then closed
knowledge could have been involve d -
the w indows , checked that the doors were
someone who works there - and, if so, that target and an opportu nity for burglars. Second,
don' t leave signs that you are not at home, such loc ked and drove away. She was lucky. But
person wi ll be the most lik ely one to offer
as leavi ng a not e o n the front door saying unless you follow my advice you mightn' t be
up informati on when •they are questioned
you've just gone to the shops and you'll be back so lucky. Of course, you shouldn' t real ly leave
by th e poli ce. They won' t be used to police
soon. Anoth er simp le precaut io n is to ask for your bag or bri efcase in the fro nt with you - it's
questionin g and they could be the w eakest
link. identificat ion fro m any visitors w ho claim they much safer in the back, with the doors locked.
- The security peopl e must have been very are from the gas, electricity or water compan ies. Finally, wo rse than th is is carjacking - someon e
careless. The robbers could have been Now for the second part of my advice. An j umping in at traffic lights and stealing your car
caught easily if the security people were easy way of improv ing security is to buy and w ith you in it. This is less likel y to happen if
doing their j obs prop erly. fit locks for your wi ndows. W indow locks are yo ur doors are locked.
3 Well, in one sense it couldn't have been cheap to buy and easy to fit. A further si mple So, remember, car security is not on ly the
more successful. They got away w ith and cheap device is a safety chain. This allows security of your car and of thi ngs in it, but also
£50 mi llion. you to open the front doo r just a little. You your security in the car. Follow my advic e and
stay safe. Thank you.

175
t ABOUT THE AUTHORS

5
t). ...

w
4

Elem entary, Pre-i ntermed iate and Advanced levels

Garet h Rees studied Natural Sciences at the University of Cambridge. Having Far left: Simon Kent
taught in Spain and China, he currently teaches at the University of the A rts, Centre left: David Falvey
London . As well as teaching English, he is an academi c English cou rse leader, Centre: Gareth Rees
and uni t leader or?co urses in cross-c ultu ral comm unication for the London Centre right: Ian Lebeau
College of Fashion. He has also developed English language materia ls for the Far right: David Cotton
6 BBC Wor ld Service Learning English section, and he makes fi lms whic h appear
in festivals and on Briti sh television.

Ian Lebeau studied Modern Languages at the U niversity of Cambrid ge and

did his M A in Applied Linguistics at the University of Reading. He has thi rty-
five years' experience in ELT - mainly in higher education - and has taught in
Spain, Italy and Japan. He is cur rently Senior Lecturer in English as a Foreign
Language at Londo n Met ropo litan Unive rsity.
I
N•
N: Interm edi ate, Upper Interm ediat e and Advanced levels

R: David Cotton studied Economics at the University of Readin g and did an

N: MA in French Language and Literature at the Un iversity of Toro nto. He has
R: over forty-four years teaching and traini ng experience, and is co-author of the
successful Market Leader and Business Class cou rse books. He has taught in
Canada, France and England, and has been visiti ng lecturer in many universities
overseas. Previo usly, he was Senior Lecturer at London M etropolita n Uni versity.
He frequently gives talks at EFL confere nces.

David Falvey studied Pol iti cs, Philosophy and Economi cs at the University
of Ox ford and did his MA in TEFL at the Un iversity of Birmi ngham. He has
lived in Africa and the M idd le East and has teachi ng, training and managerial
experience i'h the UK and Asia, inclu ding working as a teacher trainer at the
British Counci l in Tokyo. He was previo usly Head of the English Language
Centre at London Metro politan Unive rsity. David is co-author of the successful
N: business English cou rse Market Leader.
R:
Sim on Kent studi ed H isto ry at the University of Sheffield, and also has an
M .A in History and Cultural Studies. He has over twen ty-five years' teaching
exper ience inclu di ng three years in Berlin at the time of German reunifi cation.
N: Simon is co-author of the successful busin ess English co urse Mark et Leader.
He is cur rently Senior lectu rer in English as a Foreign l anguage at Lo ndon
R: Metropo litan University.

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