DiskOnChip 2000 DS 3.0
DiskOnChip 2000 DS 3.0
DiskOnChip 2000
MD2200/1/2/3
Features
§ Single-chip plug-and-play flash disk
§ Low power, single 3.3V or 5V power
supply
§ 16–288MB capacity (1GB in 2001)
§ Pin-out and structure compatible with
8MB DiskOnChip Millennium DIP
§ Simple, easy-to-integrate interface
§ 32-pin DIP JEDEC standard EEPROM
compatible pin-out
§ Memory window size: 8KB
Applications
§ Embedded TrueFFS software provides:
§ Embedded systems
—Full hard disk read/write emulation § Internet access devices
—Third generation wear leveling § Internet set-top box or ITV, Web browser
§ WBT, thin client, network computer
—Automatic block management
§ Routers, networking
§ Operates with DiskOnChip-OSAK in O/S-
less environments, ANSI-C source code § Web-phones, car-PC, DVD, HPC
kit § Point of sale, industrial PC’s
§ EDC/ECC for higher data reliability § Telecom, medical
§ Boot capability
§ Low power consumption – Static
Operation
§ Broad O/S support: DOS, Windows 3.X,
Windows 95, Windows NT4.0/5.0,
Windows CE; Additional support offered:
pSOS+, QNX, VxWorks, and others
§ Compatible with major processors: x86,
MediaGX, PowerPC, 68K, MIPS, SHx,
StrongARM, and others
March 2000
DiskOnChip 2000 Data Sheet
1. General Description
The DiskOnChip 2000 product line is the second generation of M-Systems’ DiskOnChip series of
products. The 2000 series provides a small, single-chip, solid-state flash disk in a standard 32-pin DIP
package. Combining a disk controller with flash memory on a single chip, the DiskOnChip 2000 is the
solution where minimal weight, space, and power consumption are essential. In consequence, the 2000
series finds use today in a wide range of products, such as information appliances, set-top boxes, thin clients,
thin servers, network computers, and embedded, portable computers.
By placing the DiskOnChip 2000 in a standard socket, physical space requirements are reduced. Unlike
standard IDE drives, no cables or extra space are required. The DiskOnChip 2000 has no moving parts,
resulting in significantly decreased power consumption and increased reliability. It is easy to use and reduces
integration overhead. The DiskOnChip 2000 is therefore a very attractive alternative to conventional hard
and floppy disk drives.
Using TrueFFS technology, the DiskOnChip 2000 delivers full hard-disk emulation. As such, the design
and integration stages can be considerably reduced, thereby enabling very fast time-to-market and ease of
production. Combined with its very attractive cost structure, the DiskOnChip 2000 is a superior alternative
to resident flash array (RFA).
The DiskOnChip 2000 products are available in capacities ranging from 16MB up to 288MB. In addition, it
is 100% pin-out and software compatible with the 8MB DiskOnChip Millennium DIP package. In future
versions the capacity will be dramatically increased (up to 1GB in the year 2001). Since the same pin-out
will be retained, the socket on the target platform will not have to be changed to accommodate the larger
capacities.
The DiskOnChip technology has broad support for all major operating systems and processors in the
market, enabling it to be readily integrated with any architecture.
The DiskOnChip 2000 is shipped as a plug-and-play device that is fully tested, formatted, and programmed
with a DOS driver. Future driver, software, content upgrades, or formatting can be made on-board or off-
board using the DiskOnChip utilities and accessories provided by M-Systems.
Temperature Range
The DiskOnChip 2000 is available in both commercial (0º to 70ºC) and extended (-40 to +85 C)
temperature ranges.
Easy to Integrate
Fast integration is ensured by the following DiskOnChip 2000 features:
• Compatible with standard EEPROM DIP pin-out.
• Supports local bus and ISA bus interface.
• Small memory map window size – only 8KB.
• Static operation – no clock required.
• 16 mA output drive (5 mA at 3.3V).
High Reliability
The DiskOnChip 2000 can be plugged into a standard DIP socket, eliminating the need for mechanical disk
drives, bulky ribbon cables, and connectors. The design of the DiskOnChip 2000 ensures high reliability
even when subjected to levels of shock, vibration, and temperature changes that would destroy a
conventional magnetic disk drive.
High Speed
The DiskOnChip 2000 implements an integrated architecture for data transfers that eliminates bottlenecks
typical in this area; it doubles read performance and significantly improves write performance in comparison
to competitive alternatives. DiskOnChip 2000 can sustain a system write speed of over 550KB per second,
read speed of more than 1.4MB per second (measured in ISA no wait state environment) and read/write
burst transfer rates of nearly 5MB per second.
Complete Solution
The DiskOnChip 2000 series offers a full flash-disk solution that includes different voltage and temperature
options, software drivers tailored to your operating system, data sheets, application support, and online
email support.
Using the DiskOnChip evaluation boards (EVB), you can develop the software before the target hardware
is ready.
The DiskOnChip GANG programmer cuts your production time, and facilitates fast response time to
application software changes during production stages.
In all, DiskOnChip offers a complete set of tools for delivering a complete solution whenever your
application can use a flash disk.
A[12:0]
D[7:0] DiskOnChip
OE# 2000
16–288MB
WE#
CE#
4.2. Software
The DiskOnChip 2000, under control of TrueFFS, is accessed using standard file system calls like any other
block device. Applications can write to and read from any sector on the DiskOnChip 2000, which is
compatible with all diagnostic utilities, applications, and file systems.
The flash memory within DiskOnChip 2000 is accessed by TrueFFS through an 8KB window in the CPU’s
memory space. TrueFFS handles the paging of this window in the flash array, as well as providing flash disk
emulation that includes flash table management, wear leveling, mapping out bad blocks, and background
space reclamation of unused flash blocks.
The same 8KB address space will be retained in future versions of DiskOnChip 2000 that will offer greater
capacities.
Extended
Memory
0FFFFFh 1MB
BIOS
0F0000h
DiskOnChip 8KB
0C8000h
Display
0A0000h 640KB
RAM
0
Figure 3: PC Memory Map
After reset, the BIOS executes the POST (Power On Self-Test), and then searches for all expansion ROM
devices. When the DiskOnChip 2000 is found, the BIOS executes the Initial Program Loader (IPL) code
located in the Boot-Block area of the DiskOnChip 2000. This code loads the TrueFFS driver into system
memory, installs the DiskOnChip 2000 as a disk in the system, and returns control back to the BIOS code.
The operating system subsequently attempts to identify the disks that are available and the DiskOnChip
2000 software (TrueFFS) responds by emulating a hard disk.
From this point onward, DiskOnChip 2000 appears as a standard disk drive. It is assigned a drive letter and
it can be used by any software application. No BIOS set-up modifications or autoexec.bat/config.sys
modifications are required. No external software is required.
DiskOnChip 2000 can be used as the only disk in the system, in which case it will be accessed as drive C. It
can work with or without a floppy drive, or with additional hard disks. When working with a hard disk, the
DiskOnChip 2000 can be configured as the last drive (the default configuration). In this case, the hard disk
will be C and the DiskOnChip 2000 will be D. It can also be configured as the first drive. In this case, the
hard disk will be D and the DiskOnChip 2000 will be C.
DiskOnChip 2000 can be used as the boot device when configured as drive C. In this configuration, you
must format the DiskOnChip 2000 as a bootable device by copying the OS files onto the disk. When
running DOS, this can be done by using the SYS command.
6. Theory of Operation
VCC
GND
CE#
WE#
System Flash
OE# Interface Control
Flash
D[0:7]
A[0:12]
Boot-Block EDC/ECC
(IPL ROM)
6.1. EDC/ECC
DiskOnChip uses the Reed-Solomon ECC/EDC algorithm to ensure high data reliability. Each time a block
of data is written to the flash, a six-byte checksum is also written. Each time the data is read back from the
flash, a new six-byte code is computed. TrueFFS uses these checksums for error detection and, if
necessary, error correction.
7. Electrical Specifications
7.1. Absolute Maximum Ratings
Note 1: Permanent device damage may occur if absolute maximum ratings are exceeded. Exposure to absolute maximum
rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
Note 2: The voltage on any pin may undershoot to -2.0V or overshoot to Vcc+2.0V for periods <20ns.
7.2. Capacitance
7.4. Humidity
10% - 90% relative, non-condensing.
7.5. EDC/ECC
Enhanced Reed-Solomon ECC:
• Corrects up to two 10-bit symbols, including two random bit errors.
• Corrects single bursts up to 11 bits.
• Detects single bursts up to 31 bits and double bursts up to 11 bits.
• Detects up to 4 random bit errors.
MD-2201, MD-2203 ±3 µA
1
CE# may be asserted any time before or after OE# is asserted. If CE# is asserted after OE#, all timing
relative to OE# asserted will be referenced instead to the time CE# was asserted.
2
CE# may be negated any time before or after OE# is negated. If CE# is negated before OE#, all timing
relative to OE# negated will be referenced instead to the time CE# was negated.
T SU(A)
A[0..12]
CE#
THO (CE1) TSU(CE0) TSU(CE1)
T HO(CE0)
OE#
TACC TREC
WE#
TEN(D) TDIS(D)
D[0..7]
1
CE# may be asserted any time before or after WE# is asserted. If CE# is asserted after WE#, all timing
relative to WE# asserted will be referenced instead to the time CE# was asserted.
2
CE# may be negated any time before or after WE# is negated. If CE# is negated before WE#, all timing
relative to WE# negated will be referenced instead to the time CE# was negated.
TSU(A) THO(A)
A[0..12]
THO(CE1)
CE#
THO(CE0) TSU(CE1)
THO (CE0)
OE#
TW(WE) TREC
WE#
TSU(D) THO(D)
D[0..7]
8. Mechanical Dimensions
Document/Tool Description
DiskOnChip Utilities DiskOnChip Utilities User Manual
DiskOnChip Quick Installation Guide DiskOnChip Quick Installation Guide (provided with the
individual package)
AP-DOC-10 Application Note: Designing with DiskOnChip DIP
AP-DOC-16 Application Note: Using DiskOnChip with QNX
AP-DOC-17 Application Note: Using DiskOnChip with Windows CE
AP-DOC-020 Application Note: DiskOnChip Boot Developers Kit
IM-DOC-21 Application Note: Using DiskOnChip with Linux O/S
IM-DOC-22 Application Note: Using DiskOnChip with VxWorks
AP-DOC-39 Application Note: Onboard Programming of the
DiskOnChip Millennium
DiskOnChip OSAK Product Brief DiskOnChip OSAK Product Brief
DiskOnChip DIP EVB DiskOnChip DIP Evaluation Board
DiskOnChip GANG Programmer DiskOnChip 1+8 GANG Programmer
Internet: http://www.m-sys.com
E-mail: [email protected]
Israel Office:
M-Systems Ltd.
Atidim Industrial Park P.O.B 58036
Tel Aviv 61580, Israel
Phone: 972-3-647-7776
Fax: 972-3-647-6668
M-Systems assumes no responsibility for the use of the material described in this document. Information
contained herein supersedes previously published specifications for this device from M-Systems.
M-Systems reserves the right to change this document without notice.