GAS LEAKAGE DETECTION SYSTEM

PRESENTED BY

ANJALI SINGH - 0131CL221010

ALISHA SHAIKH – 0131CL221006

MANTASHA SHEIKH – 0131CL221053

GUIDED BY –

MR.DILLIP AHIRWAR
 ABSTRACT
Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a main source of fuel, especially in urban areas
because it is clean compared to firewood and charcoal. Gas leakage is a major problem in the
industrial sector, residential premises, etc. Nowadays, home security has become a major
issue because of increasing gas leakage. Gas leakage is a source of great anxiety with ateliers,
residential areas and vehicles like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, and cars which are
run on gas power. One of the preventive methods to stop accidents associated with the gas
leakage is to install a gas leakage detection kit at vulnerable places. The aim of this paper is to
propose and discuss a design of a gas leakage detection system that can automatically detect,
alert and control gas leakage. This proposed system also includes an alerting system for the
users. The system is based on a sensor that easily detects a gas leakage.

KEY WORDS: Arduino UNO, MQ-2 Sensor, Buzzer, LCD, Exhaust Fan,
GSM Modem.

INTRODUCTION -

Gas leakage is a serious problem and nowadays it is observed in many places like residences,
industries, and vehicles like Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), buses, cars, etc. It is noticed
that due to gas leakage, dangerous accidents occur. The Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), or
propane, is a flammable mixture of hydrocarbon gases used as fuel in many applications like
homes, hostels, industries, automobiles, and vehicles because of its desirable properties
which include high calorific value, less smoke, less soot, and harm to the environment.
Liquid petroleum gas (LPG) is highly inflammable and can burn even at some distance from
the source of leakage. This energy source is primarily composed of propane and butane
which are highly flammable chemical compounds. These gases can catch fire easily. In
homes, LPG is used mainly for cooking purposes. When a leak occurs, the leaked gases may
lead to an explosion. Gas leakage leads to various accidents resulting in both material loss
and human injuries. Home fires have been occurring frequently and the threat to human
lives and properties has been growing in recent years. The risks of explosion, fire,
suffocation are based on their physical properties such toxicity, flammability, etc. The
number of deaths due to the explosion of gas cylinders has been increasing in recent years.
The Bhopal gas tragedy is an example of accidents due to gas leakage. The reason for such
explosions is due to substandard cylinders, old valves, no regular checking of gas cylinders,
worn out regulators and a lack of awareness of handling gas cylinders. Therefore, the gas
leakage should be detected and controlled to protect people from danger. An odorant such
 as ethane thiol is added to LPG, so that leaks can be detected easily by most people.
However, some people who have a reduced sense of smell may not be able to rely upon this
inherent safety mechanism. A gas leakage detector becomes vital and helps to protect
people from the dangers of gas leakage. A number of research papers have been published
on gas leakage detection techniques [1–8]. K. Padmapriya et al. proposed the design of a
wireless LPG monitoring system. In this paper, the user is alerted about the gas leakage
through SMS and the power supply is turned off [6]. Meenakshi Vidya et al. proposed the
leakage detection and real time gas monitoring system. In this system, the gas leakage is
detected and controlled by means of an exhaust fan. The level of LPG in cylinder is also
continuously monitored [7]. Selvapriya et al. proposed the system in which the leakage is
detected by the gas sensor and produce the results in the audio and visual forms. It provides
a design approach on software as well as hardware [8]. In the existing method, different gas
sensing technology is used. In this paper a low-cost advanced sensor-based gas leakage
detector, alert and control system is proposed and discussed. The system is very efficient,
user friendly, portable, small in size and cost effective. It will cost only 917 Bangladeshi taka
which is equivalent to ten USD.

SCOPE OF THE PROJECT -

A gas detector is a device that detects the presence of gases in an area, often as part of a
safety system. A gas detector can sound an alarm to operators in the area where the leak is
occurring, giving them the opportunity to leave. This type of device is important because
there are many gases that can be harmful to organic life, such as humans or animals. Gas
detectors can be used to detect combustible, flammable and toxic gases, and oxygen
depletion. This type of device is used widely in industry and can be found in locations, such
as on oil rigs, to monitor manufacturing processes and emerging technologies such as
photovoltaic. They may be used in firefighting.
In this work when ever the gas is leaked it is sensed by the sensor and it sends signal through the processor to
buzzer . The ppm can be seen in the lcd display . when ever the gas leakage reaches the ppm of 100 it will send
signal to the buzzer and the buzzer will ring and it will alert the people around that the gas is leaking .

APPLICATION OF USING GAS SENSOR

1.HARMFUL GAS DETECTION -
The sensing of toxic gases such as H2S, Methane, and CO is of great importance in any
industry to avoid unwanted leakage and consequences like poisoning or explosions. The
presence of these gases can be easily detected in the industrial facilities and commercial
buildings with the help of IoT-powered gas monitoring solution. Moreover, a gas detector or
sensor device is a crucial part to carry out safe industrial operations. The sensor-enabled
solution helps prevent the high risk of gas 5 explosions and affecting any casualties within
and outside the premises.
2.Fire Hazard Prevention -
The gas sensors help detect the concentration of the gases present in the atmosphere to
avoid hazardous consequences like fire breakouts. Also, it is an imperative solution to keep
the plant workers and equipment safe from fire hazards. It effectively detects the presence
of hazardous gases like propane and methane and alerts the plant authorities, preventing
the premises from unexpected ignition. Moreover, a gas monitoring solution uses gas
analyzers to generate alerts regarding the temperature increase. This allows the
management to take immediate actions to curb harmful fire explosions.
3.Oxygen Level Measurement -
Sensing the presence of gases is a necessity to conduct industrial operations as several
pitmen had lost their lives due to lack of oxygen in the process of mining explorations. A
sudden decrease in the oxygen levels can result in dizziness, brain damage, or even death
among the workers working in mines or close-packed industrial premises. A gas monitoring
system significantly benefits the industries by maintaining proper oxygen levels that reflect
the optimal performance of your workers. This 6 system also creates alerts in real-time
about the decreasing oxygen levels,which gives enough time to take necessary measures to
evacuate the facilities much before the health gets affected.

PROPOSED SYSTEM
BLOCK DIAGRAM –

In this semiconductor sensors are used to detect LPG gas. An MQ6 semiconductor sensor is
used. Sensitive material of the MQ-6 gas sensor is SnO2, which has lower conductivity in
clean air. When the target combustible gas exists, the sensor conductivity increases along
with the rising gas concentration. The MQ6 gas sensor has a high sensitivity to Propane,
Butane and LPG, and response to Natural gas. The sensor could be used to detect different
combustible gasses, especially Methane; it has a low cost and is suitable for different
applications. The MQ-6 can detect gas concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10,000 ppm.
The sensor’s output is an analog resistance. Figure above shows the block diagram of the
gas leakage detection and alert system.
 Fig – Block Diagram

This system is based on the Arduino UNO R3 and MQ-6 gas sensor. When the sensor detects
gas in the atmosphere, it will give digital output 1 and if gas in not detected the sensor will
give digital output 0. Arduino will receive the sensor output as digital input. If the sensor
output is high, then the buzzer will start tuning along with the LCD that will show that “Gas
detected: Yes”. If the sensor output is low then buzzer will not be tuning, and the LCD will
show that “Gas detected: No”. The buzzer most commonly consists of a number of switches
or sensors connected to control unit that determines which button was pushed or whether
a preset time has lapsed, and usually illuminates a light on the appreciate button or control
panel, and sounds a warning in the form of a continuous or intermittent buzzing or beeping sound.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED
TABLE – COMPONENTS REQUIRED
S.NO EQUIPMENT QUANTITY
1. ARDUNIO 1
2. MQ-6 GAS SENSOR 1
3. 16*2 LCD 1
4. BUZZER 1
5. 10 K V ARIABLE RESISTOR 1
6. MALE TO MALE/FEMALE WIRE 40
7. GAS LIGHTER 1
 8. 9V BATTERY / CHARGER TO GIVE 1
SUPPLY
9. ATMEGA328P 1

GAS SENSOR –
A gas sensor is a device which detects the presence or concentration of gas in the
atmosphere. Based on the concentration of the gas the sensor produces a corresponding
potential difference by changing the resistance of the material inside the sensor , which can
be measured as output voltage . based on this voltage value the type and the concentration
of the gas can be estimated. The type of the gas sensor could detect depends on the sensing
material present in side the sensor. Normally these sensors are available as modules with
comparators . These comparators can be set for a particular threshold value of gas
concentration . When the concentration of the gas exceeds this threshold value the digital
pins goes high . The analog pin can be used to measure the concentration of gas.
MQ6 GAS SENSOR –
The below image shows the MQ6 sensor pin diagram. However, the left image is a module-
based MQ6 sensor for interfacing with the microcontroller unit, the pin diagram of the
module is also shown in that image.

GAS SENSOR PINS

Pin 1 is VCC, Pin 2 is the GND, Pin 3 is the Digital out (Logic low when gas is detected.) and
Pin 4 is the Analog output. The pot is used to adjust the sensitivity. It is not RL. The RL
resistor is the right resistor of the DOUT LED.
 GAS SENSOR

Each MQ series sensor has a heating element and a sensing resistance. Depending on the
concentration of the gas, the sensing resistance gets changed and by detecting the changing
resistance, the gas concentration can be measured. To measure the gas concentration in
PPM all MQ sensors provide a logarithmic graph which is very important. The graph
provides an overview of the gas concentration with the ratio of RS and RO.

ARDUINO-UNO –
Arduino-uno is a low-cost, flexible, and easy-to-use programmable open- source
microcontroller board that can be integrated into a variety of electronic projects. This board
can be interfaced with other Arduino boards, Arduino shields, Raspberry Pi boards and can
control relays, LEDs, servos, and motors as an output.

LCD DISPLAY–

More microcontroller devices are using 'smart LCD' displays, as shown in fig 2.12 to output
visual information. The following discussion covers the connection of a Hitachi LCD display
to a PIC microcontroller. Hitachi LCD displays have a standard ASCII set of characters plus
Japanese, Greek and mathematical symbols.
CHARACTER LCD PINS –
TABLE – LCD PINS
PIN NO FUNCTION NAME
1 Ground (0V) Ground
2 Supply voltage; 5V (4.7V – 5.3V) VCC
3 Contrast adjustment; through a variable VEE
resistor
4 Selects command register when low; and Register Select
data register when high
5 Low to write to the register; High to read Read/write
from the register
6 Sends data to data pins when a high to low Enable
pulse is given
7 DB0
8 DB1
9 DB2
10 DB3
11 8-bit data pins DB4
12 DB5
13 DB6
14 DB7
15 Backlight VCC (5V) Led+
16 Backlight Ground (0V) Led-

For a 8-bit data bus, the display requires a +5V supply plus 11 I/O lines. For a 4-bit data bus
it only requires the supply lines plus seven extra lines. When the LCD display is not enabled,
data lines are tri-state which means they are in a state of high impendence (as though they
are disconnected) and this means they do not interfere with the operation of the
microcontroller when the display is not being addressed. The LCD also requires 3 "control"
lines from the microcontroller. Reading data from the LCD is done in the same way, but
control line R/W has to be high. When we send a high to the LCD, it will reset and wait for
instructions. Typical instructions sent to LCD display after a reset are: turning on a display, turning
on a cursor and writing characters from left to right. When the LCD is initialized, it is ready to continue
receiving data or instructions. If it receives a character, it will write it on the display and move the cursor one
space to the right. The Cursor marks the next location where a character will be written. When we want to
write a string of characters, first we need to set up the starting address, and then send one character at a time.
Characters that can be shown on the display are stored in data display (DD) RAM. The size of DDRAM is 80
bytes.

SIMULATION -
ATmega328 :-
The ATmega328 is by Atmel in a single-chip microcontroller created the megaAVR family
(later Microchip Technology acquired Atmel in 2016). It has a modified Harvard architecture
8-bit RISC processor core. The Atmel 8-bit AVR RISC-based microcontroller combines 32 KB
ISP flash memory with read-while-write capabilities, 1 KB EEPROM, 2 KB SRAM, 23 general-
purpose I/O lines, 32 general-purpose working registers, 3 flexible timer/counters with
compare modes, internal and external interrupts, serial programmable USART, a byte-
oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8 channels in
TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal oscillator, and 5
software-selectable power-saving modes. The device operates between 1.8 and 5.5 volts.
The device achieves throughput approaching 1 MIPS/MHz .
PARAMETERS OF ATmega328 –

SIMULATION USING TINKERCAD –

HARDWARE –
HARDWARE DIAGRAM –

HARDWARE CONNECTION

The above fig shows the hardware connection of sensor based gas detection system . In
practical when ever the supply is in on condition and the MQ-6 sensor if detects the gas it
shows the ppm value in LCD display .when the ppm value reaches the value of 190 ppm the
controller gives the signal to the Buzz.
 CONCLUSION
He design of a sensor-based automatic gas leakage detector with an alert and control
system has been proposed and discussed in this paper. This is a low-cost, low power,
lightweight, portable, safe, user friendly, efficient, multi featured and simple system device
for detecting gas. Gas leakage detection will not only provide us with significance in the
health department but it will also lead to raise our economy, because when gas leaks it not
only contaminates the atmosphere but also wastage of gases will hurt our economy. The
proposed system will cost only USD 10 which is easily affordable even for poor people. In
the open literatures it is noticed that much work has not been done for a smart gas
detection system. In future, more advanced features will be integrated with this system
which will provide users with more safety and relaxation. The proliferation of handheld
devices has led to developments in the field of smart gas sensors, which has considerably
widened their scope of application. The need for ensuring safety in workplaces is expected
to be the key driving force for the market over the coming years.

FUTURE SCOPE –

Overall, software and hardware parts of the systems have been developed and tested by
introducing a small amount of LPG near gas sensor module. The authors of this paper are
currently working to include multi functions with this device. One of the notable future
unctions of this system is to add a sub system where wastage of gas and the uses of gas can
be monitored using this system. The system is flexible as a greater number of sensors and
relays can be added to it according to the whole LPG supply setup in those premises. The
author is adding more software based intelligent functions with this system. This is an
automatic gas detection, control and alert system. In future this system will have a feature
where it can notify the emergency services if any accidents happen. A mobile app and web-
based app for real time monitoring also will be added. In the user app for this system many
smart features will be added. The overall features will make the system more safe for the
users. The system will be optimized for use in many places like the car, the home, industries
and many other places. After designing the final prototype with smart multifunctional
features, the system will be implemented in real life scenarios as a pilot project. A survey
will be done soon before using the system and another one will be done after implementing
the system to discover the KPI. Summarizing all the results, finding and analyzing a research
article will be done and author has plans to submit itto the MDPI sensors journal for review.
In the future paper the features of this final product will be compared with the available gas
detector systems presented in other articles.
REFERENCES
APPENDIX SOURCE CODE