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DAY#1: Java OOPs Interview Guide

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DAY#1: Java OOPs Interview Guide

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DAY#1: Java OOPs Interview Guide

1. Explain OOPS concepts in detail

Polymorphism Inheritance

Definition: Definition:

Polymorphism means one object shows different Inheritance means one class acquires the
✨
behaviors at different states of its life cycle. properties (methods and fields) of another class to
achieve reusability of code. ✨
How it is Useful in Real-Time Projects: How it is Useful in Real-Time Projects:
If we apply the polymorphism principle while
developing our application, we can use the same By using the extends keyword, we can achieve
object or method for different purposes or operations. inheritance, enabling efficient code reuse and better
⚙️ modularity in applications. ⚙️
Advantages: Advantages:
💾 Saves memory 🔁 Code reusability
🚀 Increases the performance of the application 🔧 Enhancements
📖 Increases readability 📈 Software extendibility

Abstraction Encapsulation

Definition: Definition:
Abstraction is a mechanism of hiding the Encapsulation is a programming practice that binds
implementation of an object and showing only the the members of a class together and protects them
essential information to the end user. ✨ from unauthorized access. ✨
How it is Useful in Real-Time Projects: How it is Useful in Real-Time Projects:
We can enhance security by hiding the Encapsulation ensures data protection by restricting
implementation of objects and provide clarity by access to the members of a class, allowing only
exposing only essential functionalities. ⚙️ controlled interactions.⚙️
Advantages: Key Points:
🔒 Achieves security by hiding implementation details 🔒 Protects members of a class
🌟 Provides essential information to users, reducing 📦 Binds data and methods together within a class
complexity ✅ By default, Java supports encapsulation, as
📊 Used in 99% of Java applications to manage members cannot be accessed outside the class
application design effectively

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DAY#1: Java OOPs Interview Guide

2. Polymorphism related interview FAQ

Definition:
Polymorphism means one object shows different behaviors at different states of its life cycle. ✨
How it is Useful in Real-Time Projects:
If we apply the polymorphism principle while developing our application, we can use the same object or
method for different purposes or operations. ⚙️
Example:
📌Method Overloading
📌Method Overriding

Advantages of Polymorphism for our application if we apply Polymorphism concept :

💾 Saves memory
📖 Increases readability
🚀 Improves the performance of the application

3. Types of Polymorphism or [ Static v/s dynamic polymorphism]

There are two types of polymorphism

Compile time polymorphism

Method declaration is bound to the method body at compile time by the compiler.
Also called early binding or static binding.
Example: Method Overloading.
We can achieve compile-time polymorphism using Method Overloading.

Runtime polymorphism
Method declaration is bound to the method body at runtime by the JVM.
Also called late binding or dynamic binding.

Example: Method Overriding.

To achieve runtime polymorphism, we should follow three mechanisms
1. IS-A relationship
2. Overriding
3. Class type casting

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DAY#1: Java OOPs Interview Guide

4. Method Overloading v/s Method overriding

Method Overloading Method overriding

Definition
Definition
Method overriding is the process of
If a class has multiple methods with the same
inheriting methods from the superclass and
name but differing in the number of parameters,
changing their implementation in the
it is known as method overloading.
subclass.

How to Achieve Method Overloading:

How to Achieve Method Overriding:
Method overloading can be achieved in two ways:
To achieve method overriding, the following
Changing the number of arguments
rules must be followed:
Changing the data type of arguments
IS-A relationship: A mandatory relationship
must exist between the superclass and
subclass.
Method Signature: The subclass must retain
the method signature of the superclass.
Access Level Permission: The subclass can
increase the access level but cannot
decrease it.

Implementation:
Only the subclass object can provide the
overridden implementation.

Rules of method overloading: Method Overriding Rules:

We can’t achieve method overloading by Private method: Cannot be overridden

changing return type of only. because it is not visible in the subclass.
It causes ambiguity during execution and Static method: Does not support method
through error. overriding as it does not support
inheritance.
Final method: Cannot be overridden as its
implementation cannot be changed in the
subclass.

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DAY#1: Java OOPs Interview Guide

5. What is Abstraction ( Abstraction concepts FAQ)

✨ Abstraction is one of the OOP principles.

🔒 It hides the implementation of an object and shows only essential information to the end user.
🛡️ Security is achieved by hiding the implementation of objects.
💼 99% of Java applications use abstraction to manage complexity.
🚫 The implementation is not exposed outside the application.

6. How to Achieve Abstraction

Abstraction can be achieved in two ways:

📝 Using Abstract Class (0–100%)

💻 Using Interface (100%)

7. Steps to Achieve Abstraction Using Interface:

1. ✏️Create an interface.
📖
2. Declare all the required methods in the interface body.
🛠️
3. Create an implementation class.
4. The implementation class must provide implementations for all interface methods.
✅
5. Use the implementation class object to access the methods.

8. Is Abstraction and Abstract Class the Same?

❌ No, they are different concepts

✨ Abstraction is an OOP principle that involves hiding the implementation and showing only essential
information.

🏷️ Abstract class is a type of class declared using the abstract keyword and is one of the ways to achieve
abstraction.

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9. Abstract Class and Its Rules

🏷️ It is declared using the abstract keyword.

🛠️ It can have both abstract and non-abstract methods.
📝 Abstract methods must be implemented in the subclass.
It can include:
🔧 Constructors
💻 Static methods
✅ Final methods (but their implementation cannot be changed in the subclass).
🚫 Objects cannot be created directly from an abstract class.
🛑 If a subclass contains unimplemented methods, the subclass must also be declared using the abstract
keyword until all methods are implemented.

10. Interface

•🏷️ Interface is similar to a class but serves as a definition block.

•📖 Variables and methods can be declared inside the interface body.
🔑 By default:
• Variables are public, static, final.
• Methods are public, abstract.

Why Do We Need an Interface?

• ✨ To achieve abstraction.
• 🔄 To achieve loose coupling.
• 🌐 To enable multiple inheritance in Java with the help of interfaces.

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Task for readers:

These are the most FAQ OOP basics! 🚀

💻
code snippets for each concept 💻 . We’ll share detailed code snippets
Explore More: Dive deeper into OOP FAQs, practice, and try small

learn! 🚀
on the community channel soon. For now, we want you to explore and

🛠️these
For Experienced Professionals : Reflect on how you’ve implemented
concepts in your current project.
🎓 For College Students & Graduates: Relate these concepts to your
syllabus and try implementing small projects.
Pro Tip: Think Big, Start Small! 🌟 Let’s grow together!

Note:
This document is meant for brush-ups key concepts & Top FAQ.
💻✨
We always recommend working on projects and practicing hands-on
coding to solidify your concepts.

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