CPAR

Medium- substance that is manipulated.

Technique -describes the skill for manipulation of the medium.

Mixed Media- media may be natural or synthetic or can even be made with a
combination of different materials.

Pottery- oldest art from due to the fact that its medium, earth, is abundant.
Clay gathered from dry soil is first pulverized removing lumps pebbles and
stones water is added slowly needing it for even moisture and smooth
consistency.

+Terra Cotta -earthenware; reddish brown; fired porous kept unglazed.

+Ceramics- clay formed with other elements fired at higher temperature to

harden material, and glazed to make it non-porous.

+Glaze- coating of glass like substance fused with clay material to make a
ceramic piece waterproof.

BASIC POTTERY TECHNIQUES

1. FREE MODELING- shapes are formed on a ball of clay using bare hands.

2. HAND-CONSTRUCTION- parts of coil or slab and pinching this together.

3. POTTER’S WHEEL- rotating platform is used to hollow out a ball of clay

from the center in order to shape a vessel.

PADDLE AND ANVIL TECHNIQUE

-supplements first two methods of pottery techniques.

+Paddle- smoothen the outer surface.

+Smooth stone anvil- pressed against the inner wall.

Bisque- form clay piece is fired for the first time; said to be bisque-fired.

Kilns- used to better control of firing.

Glazed-fired- if glaze is applied to a bisque and fired for the second time or
more.

CLAY ARTISTS

Potters- makes functional pieces.

Sculptors- use the same medium for sheer expression.

Ceramicists- do both.

Stoneware

-ceramics made from vitreous (having qualities of glass) or semi vitreous clay
fired at high temperatures.

Celadon

-glaze in pale greyish shade of green; associated with song dynasty of 13 th

century.

Tenmoku

-dark glaze with surface that resembles oil spotting; found in chinese and
japanese ceramics.

(*Barangay Bulua in Cagayan De Oro City- good source of red clay.)

Ash

- Used for making hollowblocks.

Rita Gudino

-professor at the university of the philippines college of fine arts. (UP CFA)

Lual

- Pregnant figure birth goddess functioning as a kiln, a set of clay babies

fired inside it.

WEAVING

- General method of producing a surface or an object by and twining a

longitudinal strip or strand called WARP with a horizontal one called
WEFT at right angles or an obliquely perpendicular direction.

Textile

-finest and most sophisticated form of weaving. (Types: Crocheting ,

embroidery, applique and calado.)

3 OUTSTANDING TRAD FORMS OF WEAVING

+Palaspas (palm leaf-frond)

- PRIMEVAL form of palm leaf weaving; associated with the catholic ritual
of palm Sunday.

+Basketry

-process of weaving client materials into a casing.

(Horizontal strands- weaver

Vertical strands- spokes)

+Banig
-matt woven from leaves or grass; sun dried and cooked.

Textile Art

- Primary done through backstrap weaving.

Ikat

-dye-resist process done on threads prior to weaving. (The T’boli use it to

make t’nalak.)

[*The yarns for ABEL( traditional weaving technique) made from cotton and
died with the sap of a plum called SAGUT.]

PATADYONG

-traditional lowland textile of played design used as a wrap-around skirt,

tapis, or even as hammocks.

PARBURDA

- Or EMBROIDERY is a process of sewing by hand ornamental designs or

patterns to decorate a fabric or garment.

CALADO

-refined technique of embroidery.

Inaul

-Maguindanaon textile hand-loom woven from abaca, cotton or silk; made

into tubular skirts called malong.

PIÑA AND JUSI- traditional fabrics used by the boradoras of barong.

+Piña- soft, fine, translucent and durable off- white fabric made by fibers or
pineapple mixed with silk.

+Jusi- manually and later mechanically woven from abaca and banana and
silk.

NARDA OLAT CAPUYAN (1936-2016)

-Bontoc weaver, celebrated artist and entrepreneur; popularized Cordilleran

ikat.

•Warping- stretching and laying out the longitudinal fibers.

•Dyeing- done by boiling.

• Beaming- rolling the war threads onto the storage beam of the loom.

• Heddling- warp ends are threaded through the “eye”.

• Reeding- pushing parallel threads in a loom.

PAINTING

-process of applying color or pigment suspended in binder onto a flat or two

dimensional surface, such as paper ,wood or cloth.

COMMON PAINTS

Acrylic, oil, watercolor, tempera, enamel &

Latex.

SCULPTURE

-art of making three dimensional forms.

3 BASIC METHODS OF SCULPTURE

1. MODELLING OR ADDITION- in the use of clay.

2. SUBTRACTION- in carving of hard materials like stone or wood.

3. CONSTRUCTION- assembling parts of a adhesion or welding.

UKIT OR WOODCARVING

- Form of craft on wood by means of incising designs with a knife or

subtracting parts of the material wood with a chisel or mallet on chisel
for hard type.

BULUL

-originally carved for rights of ancestral worship and intercession, but today
it also serves as a mere souvenir or ornament.

METAL CRAFT

- Metal forge uses the traditional southeast asian double bellows forge
and employees traditional tools.

CASTING

- Process of forming three dimensional duplicates by using molten

material to solidify in a mold.

Lost-wax

-method often used in metals such as bronze or for sculptures or in silver and
gold for jewelry; for making replica.

COLD-CASTING

-process of mixing a variety of powder with a binder resin and applying the
mixture into a mold.
GRAPHIC

-“to write or illustrate” with line on a 2d surface. (Calligraphy, lettering,

typography, layout of architectural design.)

PRINTMAKING

-process of making an art image by hand on a flat surface plane and inking
this transfer its image onto paper.

3 BASIC CATEGORIES OF PRINTMAKING; PROCESS

1. RELIEF- ink is applied to the original or upper surface of the matrix.

2. INTAGLIO- ink is applied on the incise areas or canals beneath the original
upper surface of the material.

3. PLANOGRAPHIC PROCESS- matrix retains is original surface but is specially

prepared for the transfer of image.

HANDMADE PAPER-MAKING

-Salay in Misamis Oriental is the site of a small scale handmade paper

industry founded in 1987.

PAPIER MACHE

-substance made of pulp or sheets of paper glued and pressed together and
molded while moist to form a 3d object.

PASTILLAS PABALAT ART

-traditional craft which originated in san miguel bulacan where carabao milk
candies are made.

ORNAMENT
-pattern or motif used to decorate a main object , parts of a building, a
person, or a general environment.