RHEA VIANCA Y.

MACARILAY
CESC REVIEWER
MODULE 1

Social Capital - It is defined as the networks of relationship among people

who live and work in a particular society for the effective functioning of the
community.
Communitarianism - It explains the connection between the individual and the
community.
Self-Organization - The process can be spontaneous when sufficient energy is
available, not needing control by any external agent.
Volunteerism - It is about people’s need to participate in their group or
organization to benefit the community in various activities or action.
“Social Science” is an umbrella term for various fields of study which
examines social relations and human society. It views the community as
composed of
people interacting with one another, sensitive to each other’s emotions and
subjective
point of view. Basically, it describes “community as a group of people in a
particular
area interacting together.”
Anthropology - This field examines the various aspects of humans, such as
their biology, behavior, culture and social interactionsand on how people
adapt their ways of living .
Economics - This field studies the production, allocation and consumption of
goods and services. In any community, one finds various forms of wealth
distribution. The ultimate goal of economics is to improve the lives of people,
such that their needs are satisfied.
Political Science - The field encompasses the various ways and means of
allocating power, influence, decision-making.
Psychology - This discipline studies the human mind, brain, and social
behavior. This extends to interaction between people and interpersonal
relationships.
Sociology - This field is the study of society, social order, social interactions,
and culture. It introduces the concepts of social capital and
communitarianism.
Civil Society Perspective - Stresses the idea of forming a group, foundation
or an organization in service to society. This perspective views society as a
community of citizens linked by common interests and collective activity.
Institutional Perspective
FIRST DIMENSION, SECOND DIMENSION, THIRD DIMENSION

MODULE 3
Aspects of Community- these include the structure existing in your community
which includes natural environment to the institutions made by man
Community- group of people in a particular area who are interacting to one another
Community Power- the capacity of the community to exercise control over activities
and seek ways to employ available resources
Influencer- the person with the most influence, who can lead others to achieve a
goal or accomplish a certain task
Leader- the person who has the responsibility of controlling or taking charge of a
particular group
Leadership-the process and qualities of command and decisiveness with regard to
the necessary actions that ensure the welfare of the community
Social change- the changes that occur in the social order of a society. These are
related to nature, social institutions, social behavior or social relations,
cultural,religious, economics, scientific or technological forces.

Understanding Community through its Dynamics

Leaders are important figures that will guide the members to carry out the plans in
pursuit of the group’s objectives.
Interrelationship- community leaders are with direct relation with you through
familial relations, affinities or feeling of kinship, and social network, and
Organization- they could be part of an institution or an association, that has a
particular purpose in our community.
A leader is an important figure in the community. Leaders must possess important
characteristics such as:
1. Effective Communication
-an open communication is highly recommended for leaders and their constituents.
There should be free access to important information concerning social issues and
public matters.
2. Development of Social Capital Building
- developing a resilient capital is among the most important contributors to successful
community leadership.
3. Community Engagement
- it is important to encourage young leaders to participate so that they are ready to
take over when the time comes.
4. Collaboration
- leaders should learn to “build bridges” and develop networks among community
leaders within the diverse fields.
Community Power is the capacity of the community to exercise control over
activities and seek ways to employ available resources to establish a stronger and
successful community.
POST TEST
1. __________________ COMMUNITY POWER
-capacity of the community to exercise control over activities and seek ways to
employ available resources to establish a stronger and successful community.
2. ___________________ COMMUNITY STRUCTURE
- this encompasses the various aspects in the community which includes
demographics, geography and environmental influences, beliefs and attitudes and
the likes.
3. ___________________ COLLABORATION
-one of the essential characteristics of leaders to be developed is that they build
bridges and develop networks among community leaders in the different fields.
4. ___________________ FORMAL POWER STRUCTURE
- they are appointed based on qualifications, attitude and most often, through the
votes of the residents
5. __________________ORGANIZATION
- they could be part of an institution or an association that has a particular purpose in
our community
False 6. Teachers, soldiers, and other government employees are examples of
Formal Power Structure.
False 7. Legal authoritative decision-makers leads their group as likable and
charismatic leaders. They are also known as influencers
True 8. One factor to explore in income distribution is the public assistance benefits
available to residents.
False 9. Community Power will be achieved only if community leaders collaborate
with each other.
False10. Effective communication is the most essential characteristic of a
community leader.

MODULE 4
Formal Community- characterized by institutionally structured hierarchies,
which define the
relationship between authoritative and subordinate actors and groups.
Global Community- characterized by integration and interaction between
individuals and
groups away from each other in time or space or both.
Informal Community- seen to typically operate through socio-cultural
mechanisms within
the community structures.
Local Community- characterized by close social integration and physical
proximity.
Moreover, it is defined as a group of people sharing the same environment
and conditions
such as intent, belief, resources, preferences, needs and risks.
Rural Community- characterized as pastoral, agricultural, and located along
the periphery
of urban centers or in the countryside.
Typology- a classification according to general type. In this module, this
refers to the types
of community.
Urban Community- described as industrialized and commercial centers
where population
density is relatively high compared to rural communities
Social Space is defined as a physical or virtual space which members of the
community visit or where they stay.
Community sectors - are various groups or subdivisions of the larger community
divided based on characteristics such as political, economic, cultural, and religious
beliefs.
1. Health -medical and mental health professionals; pharmacists and pharmacies;
hospitals and other in-patient facilities, clinics, non-traditional health practitioners;
public health agencies and systems
2. Education - public and private preschools, K-12 schools, colleges and
universities, school committees, school administrators, teachers, other educational
institution employees; parents, students, state board of education; adult basic
education (ABE) and English as
Second or Other Language (ESOL) programs
3. Law Enforcement -the local and state police, the court system- judges, probation
officers, prosecutors, courtappointed defense lawyers, court-mandated program for
offenders.
4. Government - regional, provincial, state, local, and tribal government
bureaucracies, agencies, and officials, both elected and appointed.
5. Business - from the self-employed carpenter to the multinational corporation with
a local facility.
6. Youth - youth themselves (generally viewed as ages 18 and younger) and those
who work directly with them (youth violence prevention and outreach programs, Big
Brother/Big Sister,Boys’ and Girls’ Clubs, scouting, etc.) parents, human service,
culture, and sports/recreation sectors.
7. The Media - newspapers and magazines, radio, and TV, vast array of blogs,
videos, online news, and other materials available on the internet.
8. Human Services - non-profit professional and volunteer organizations that provide
free and affordable services such as job training, food, shelter, elder services,
services for individuals with
physical or mental disabilities, support and advocacy for immigrants, among others.
9. Religion - places of worship and their members, religious organizations (e.g.
Knights of Columbus,
CBCP) of all faiths, may include the hierarchy of a national church as well (a Roman
Catholic archbishop, for instance)
10. Service/Fraternal Organization - the Lions, Masons, Rotary, Kiwanis, and other
local and national or international service organizations, college fraternities/sororities
or other local and national social clubs, as well
veterans’ organizations and the like.
11. Community Activist Volunteer Groups - individuals for or against political
issue, supportive of existing institutions (“Friends of” the local park, a school
playground volunteer corps), oriented toward economics (groups that volunteer to
help non-profit and small business owners with financial and business plans),
or more generally concerned with the quality of community life (e.g. organizers of
community festivals)
12. Culture - artists such as musicians, dancers and choreographers, writer, actors
and directors, designers and visual artists, as well as arts organizations, theaters,
orchestras, museums, galleries, and those who work as support staff in the arts-
stagehands, cameramen, electricians, set builders, etc. ; regular consumers and
supporters of the arts.
13. Housing Development - both public and private non-profit housing agencies and
organizations that provide rent subsidies and/or affordable housing, as well as
developers who build market-rate and upscale residential and commercial properties.
-may include everyone from fair housing advocates to those who own and/ or
manage urban real estate worth millions of pesos.
14. Sports and Recreation - sports clubs, town or county recreation departments,
amateur and professional athletic associations, public and private sports and
recreation facilities, gyms, coaches, personal trainers, recreation leaders, and camp
directors, as well those who participate in these
groups as athletes, spectators, or supporters.
15. The Environment - individual environmentalists, international, national, and local
environmental organizations, conservation land trusts, recreational hunters and
fishermen, rock climbers and mountaineers, wildlife biologists and botanists,
ecologists, hikers, canoers/kayakers, and other outdoor people, hydrologists (water
specialists), those who make a living from a pristine or carefully-managed
environment.
16. Agriculture - confined to rural areas, may also include dairy farmers,
cheesemakers, winemakers and vineyards, and food processors and packers,
including all consumers of the food produced.
LOCAL COMMUNITY may consist of business operators, public agency staff,
residents with interactions.
GLOBAL COMMUNITY, on the other hand, is a system characterized by integration
and interaction between individuals and groups away from each other in time or
space or both.

MODULE 4

Community action refers to collective efforts done by people directed

towards addressing social problems in order to achieve social well-being.
Community engagement refers to the process of developing partnerships
and sustaining relationships with and through groups of people