Pakistan History of Education, Policy and Plans
Current Educational Policy
(2017-2025)
Presented to: Dr.Ijaz Ahmad Tatlah
Presented by:
Areesha Arshad
Mphil Elps
Introduction:
ØNeed for Policy Revision: Global and local developments require updating NEP
2009.
ØGlobal Demand: Emphasis on creative, innovative human capital for global
competition.
ØLocal Changes: 18th Amendment: Devolution of ministries, affecting education
policy.
ØArticle 25(a): Free, compulsory education for children aged 5-16.
Ø Adoption of SDGs: Integration into Pakistan’s development agenda.
ØPolicy Gap: NEP 2009 implementation stalled; no provincial plans formulated.
ØSolution: IPEMC in 2015 agreed to revise NEP 2009; Ministry of Federal
Education and Professional Training appointed as coordinator.
Presented in the government of Prime minister Nawaz Sharif and
Education Minister Muhammad Baligh Ur Rehman.
Goals:
ØCharacter Building(Taleem ,Tarbiyya ,Tazkyyathe)
ØMeeting Learning Needs (Knowledge, Skills, & Values)
ØPakistani Nationhood and National Integration
ØRight to Education: Expanding Access
ØQuality of Education & Institution Building
ØEnhancing Education Budget
ØScience and Technology
ØHarmonization of Curriculum and Standards
Objectives:
ØPromotion of Early Childhood Education
ØAchieving Universal Primary Education
ØProvision of Free Elementary and Secondary Education
ØNon-Formal Education (NFE), Online and Distance Learning (ODL)
ØTowards A Literate Pakistan
ØKnowledge Economy through Higher Education
ØAdvancement of Science, Technical and Vocational Education
Ø Improving Quality and Efficiency of Education System
ØFacilitating Private Sector Education
Objectives:
ØAchieving Gender Equality in Education
ØSelection, Recruitment, and Capacity building of Teachers
Ø Curriculum and Standards
ØLibraries & Instructional Technologies
Ø Languages and Medium of Instruction
ØReligious Education & Reforms in Deeni Madaris
ØSports and Games
ØHealth and Hygiene
ØPublic Private Partnership
Ø Reforms in Assessment and Examination System
ØMechanisms for Implementation and Monitoring of Education Policy
Key Areas of Education Policy:
1
Capacity building of Education Personnel
2
Curriculum Reforms and Standard Setting
3
Literacy and Lifelong Learning
4
Research & Development (R & D) at Tertiary Level
Early Childhood Care and Education
• Conceptual Framework
• Significance of Early Childhood Education
• Situation Analysis of ECE in Pakistan
• Issues and Challenges of ECE
• International and National Commitments of Pakistan for ECE
ØSustainable Development Goal
ØConvention on the Rights of the Child (CRC).
Issues and Challenges of ECE:
• Low priority of the governments for ECE.
• Lack of awareness among planners, decision makers, and parents
about the need and significance of ECE for the children, education
system and society.
• Absence of basic facilities and services for ECE in the government
schools.
• Non-availability of trained and qualified teachers for ECE.
• Non-availability of adequate teaching – learning and instructional
materials for ECE
A Early Childhood Education (ECE) brings following benefits to the
individual, education system and the society as a whole:
• Improvement in cognitive (thinking, reasoning) skills or ‘Learning to
Know’
• Development of their skills to communicate, question, create and
solve new problems.
• Set the foundation for enhancement of learning outcomes in next
grades which help them achieve success in their career Benefits to
children
• Improved attendance and retention rates of the children who have
received ECCE prior to enrolment in formal Grade I of the primary
school.
• Drop-out rate is reduced and thus wastage of resources is minimized.
Literacy and Non-Formal Basic
Education:
• Country wide Literacy For All campaign.
• Basic Literacy (Reading, Writing and Numeracy) Functional Literacy
(Life Skills) and Income Generation skills literacy.
• Establishment of National and Provincial Institutes of Teacher
Training for Literacy and non-formal education teachers.
• Expansion of Online and distance learning (ODL) programmes
• The set targets and dates of their achievement for adult literacy are
75% by 2020, and 86% by 2025.
• The main focus of literacy programmers will be on basic, functional
and skill literacy and priority age group will be 16-25 year.
• The policy recommends a uniform system for assessment/examination
and certification as well as equivalence of various levels of literacy.
• The policy provisions also provide for launching of country-wide
programmers for promotion of literacy and non-formal basic education
by utilizing available infrastructure, resources and services both in
public and private sectors including Deeni Madaris.
• The policy also recommends expansion and extension of non-formal
basic education programs to middle and secondary education level
especially for out of school children of age group 5-16.
Primary Education:
• Primary Education is the most important and cardinal sub-sector and
the very foundation of education edifice.
• Primary Education age group in Pakistan as per all the previous
education policies had been 5 – 9+ years.
• The projected population of 5 – 9+ year children in Pakistan is around
23.77 million
(Male 52%) (Female 48%)
Situation Analysis:
• There are around 30,000 non-formal Basic Education Schools and
45,680 middle schools (public as well as private) with primary section.
• Gender Parity Index (GPI) is 0.86. Survival Rate to grade 5 is around
66%. Pupil teacher Ratio 32 and Pupil Class Room Ratio 44. Overall
percentage (Public + Private) of female teachers in primary education
is 51%.
• More than half (54%) primary schools have electricity. 67% schools
have drinking water; 68% have Washrooms, and 72% have boundary
wall. We are spending average 35-40% of Education Budget on
primary education.
Issues and Challenges:
• High population growth.
• Low enrolment/participation rate
• Out of school children due to poverty
• Child labor
• Non-availability of schools at access-able distance
Goals and Objectives:
• Universalization of primary education
• Make primary education free and compulsory.
• Meet the basic learning needs of the cognitive growth of children.
• Make school environment attractive, child friendly and inclusive.
• Improve the governance and management structure
Secondary Education:
Secondary Education is important for several reasons:
• Such as it is continuity from the primary to higher level of education.
• Preparation to the world of work.
• Adoption of profession and most importantly the conceptual clearance
of basic life skills.
ØPhases of Secondary Education:
1. Middle (5 to 8)
2. Secondary (9 to 10)
3. Higher Secondary (11 to 12)
Goals and Objectives:
•Create a school environment that nurtures social, emotional, and intellectual
development.
•Develop students who are academically proficient, skilled, resilient, and
morally sound.
•Prepare students for successful careers or continued higher education.
Targets:
• Up-gradation of50% existing public sector primary schools to middle level by
2025.
• Up-gradation of 40% existing public sector middle schools to secondary/ high
schools level by 2025.
• Up-gradation of 20% existing high schools to higher secondary school level
by 2025. Increase the gross participation rate at middle level from 62% to 85%
and net participation rate from 27 to 50% by 2025.
Policy provisions to achieve the goals / targets:
• Existing public sector primary schools will be up-graded
• Non-formal middle level schools will be opened.
• Availability of qualified, trained and subject specialists teachers.
• charts, maps, teaching kits, audio-visual aids, educational CDs etc. will be
produced.
• Digital libraries and well-equipped science laboratories will be the focus areas.
Implementation strategies for policy provisions:
• Rationalize schools at provincial and federal levels.
• Increase support to reduce student dropouts.
• Align teaching with higher-order learning goals.
• Mandate inter-school competitions in academics.
• Provide sports facilities and trained PE teachers.
• Use of information and communication technologies will be essential.
Teachers Education:
ü Demand driven teacher education
üUniformity in designations, qualifications, salary structure and
professional growth
ü Development of professional accreditation standards and linking the
curriculum with the standards
ü Quality assurance of teaching personnel Continuous professional
development of teachers
ü Continuous professional development of teachers
Higher Education:
The key strategic priorities of Higher Education:
• Increasing equitable access
• Excellence in leadership, governance and management of HEIs.
• Increased faculty with highest academic qualification.
• Enhanced quality of curricular offerings.
• Research, innovations and commercialization.
• Significantly enhanced financial investment because quality higher
education pays relatively quick multiple dividends through creating a
knowledge economy.
Private Sector Education:
Education institution, which are not opened run, managed and
financed by the government are considered as private sector institutions.
These include varied category institutions such as:
• low cost
• high cost
• non-profit
• profit based
• Deeni Madaris etc.
As a result of nationalization of private educational institutions policy
19,432 educational institutions were nationalized. These include 18,926
schools, 346 madaris, 155 colleges and 5 technical institutions.
Goal:
“ Literate Pakistan ”.
Objective :
• To increase access/ enrolment at all levels of education right from
early childhood education to university level.
• To improve the quality of education.
• To assist the government in achieving the sustainable development
goals and honor other national and international commitments.
Financing of Education:
1. School Institution based and enrolment based budgeting.
2. Education budget free from all types of cuts, non-lapsable and non-
transferable.
3. Financial reforms in education training sectors to relax the rigid
rules regulations and simplify the tedious procedures and processes
to ensure on time releases and optimum utilization of education and
training budget.
4. Improvement in the absorptive capacity of the system to effectively
spend the allocated funds.
5. Allocation of 4% of GDP for education and training effective 2018.
6. Allocation of at least 25% provincial educational budget for quality
improvement projects and programs.
Future Projections of GDP (mp) and
Education Budget as % of GDP:
Year Current Development Total Edn.Expr. GDP (mp) GDP Growth As % of GDP
2015-16 546,969 104,185 651,154 29,597,905 10.00 2.20
2016-17 643,145 131,728 774,873 32,557,696 10.00 2.38
2017-18 751,796 165,028 916,825 35,813,465 10.00 2.56
2018-19 874,328 205,089 1,079,418 39,394,812 10.00 2.74
2019-20 1,012,289 253,072 1,265,361 43,334,293 10.00 2.92
2020-21 1,167,383 310,317 1,477,699 47,667,722 10.00 3.10
2021-22 1,341,484 378,367 1,719,851 47,667,722 10.00 3.28
2022-23 1,536,656 459,001 1,995,657 57,677,944 10.00 3.46
2023-24 1,755,163 554,262 2,309,425 63,445,738 10.00 3.64
2024-25 2,093,709 697,903 2,791,612 69,790,312 10.00 4.00
References:
• https://pbit.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/National%20Educaton%20Poli
cy%202017.pdf
• https://planipolis.iiep.unesco.org/en/2017/national-education-policy-
2017-2025-6414
• https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/national-education-policy2017-
pakistan/194631584#54
• https://www.mofept.gov.pk/Policies
Thank You!
