Scribd
Upload
3 views2 pages

Metab

Metabolism encompasses the chemical reactions that convert food into energy, involving two main processes: anabolism, which builds larger molecules and requires energy, and catabolism, which breaks down molecules and releases energy. Regulation of metabolism is influenced by enzymes, hormones, and nutrient availability, with ideal macronutrient proportions varying by individual needs. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats serve distinct roles in energy production, tissue repair, hormone production, and nutrient absorption.

Uploaded by

walaidanwalid23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
3 views2 pages

Metab

Metabolism encompasses the chemical reactions that convert food into energy, involving two main processes: anabolism, which builds larger molecules and requires energy, and catabolism, which breaks down molecules and releases energy. Regulation of metabolism is influenced by enzymes, hormones, and nutrient availability, with ideal macronutrient proportions varying by individual needs. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats serve distinct roles in energy production, tissue repair, hormone production, and nutrient absorption.

Uploaded by

walaidanwalid23
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 2

Metabolism

Metabolism : the chemical reactions that occur within your body's cells to convert food and
drink into energy.Metabolism to the complex set of chemical reactions that occur within living
organisms to maintain life. It encompasses all the biochemical processes that convert food
into energy, synthesize necessary compounds, and eliminate waste products

Metabolism involves two main processes:

● Anabolism: Building up larger molecules from smaller ones, like creating proteins
from amino acids. This requires energy.
● Catabolism: Breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones, like digesting food
into nutrients.This releases energy.

Anabolism

Anabolism involves the synthesis of larger, complex molecules from smaller ones, requiring
energy input. This energy is typically derived from ATP. Key aspects include:

● Energy Investment: Anabolic reactions use energy to build cellular components.


● Examples:
○ Protein Synthesis: The formation of proteins from amino acids.
○ Glycogenesis: The conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage.
○ Lipogenesis: The synthesis of fatty acids and triglycerides from acetyl-CoA.

Catabolism

Catabolism is the process of breaking down larger molecules into smaller units, releasing
energy in the process. This energy is often captured in the form of adenosine triphosphate
(ATP). Key aspects include:

● Energy Release: Catabolic reactions release energy by breaking down


carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
● Examples:
○ Glycolysis: The breakdown of glucose into pyruvate, generating ATP.
○ Krebs Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle): Processes pyruvate to produce
high-energy electron carriers (NADH, FADH₂).
○ Fatty Acid Oxidation: The breakdown of fatty acids into acetyl-CoA, which
enters the Krebs Cycle.

Regulation of Metabolism

Metabolism is tightly regulated by various factors, including:


● Enzymes: Biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions. Their activity can
be influenced by factors such as substrate concentration, temperature, and pH.
● Hormones: Hormones like insulin and glucagon play crucial roles in regulating
metabolic pathways, such as glucose metabolism.
● Nutrient Availability: The availability of substrates (like glucose, amino acids, and
fatty acids) can influence metabolic pathways.

The ideal proportion of macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins, and fats) in a diet can vary
depending on individual needs and goals. However, a general guideline is:

● Carbohydrates: 45-65% of daily calories


● Proteins: 10-35% of daily calories
● Fats: 20-35% of daily calories

Carbohydrates:

● Breakdown: Broken down into glucose, a simple sugar.


● Use: Glucose is the primary source of energy for the body's cells. It's used for
various functions, including brain activity, muscle contraction, and cell repair.

Proteins:

● Breakdown: Broken down into amino acids, the building blocks of proteins.
● Use: Amino acids are used to build and repair tissues, produce enzymes, hormones,
and antibodies, and transport nutrients. In extreme cases of energy deficiency,
proteins can also be used for energy, but this is not their primary function.

Fats:

● Breakdown: Broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.


● Use:
○ Energy Source: Fats are a concentrated source of energy, especially during
prolonged activities or when carbohydrate stores are low.
○ Hormone Production: Some fats are used to produce hormones.
○ Cell Membrane Structure: Fats are essential components of cell
membranes.
○ Vitamin Absorption: They help absorb fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K).
○ Insulation and Protection: Fats help insulate the body and protect organs

You might also like