KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN

DELHI REGION
PRE-BOARD-1 2024-25
CLASS – 12
SUBJECT: PHYSICS
Max. Marks: 70​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ Time allotted: 3 hrs.
General instructions:
1.​ There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2.​ This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D
and Section E. All sections are compulsory.
3.​ Section A contains 16 questions (twelve MCQ and four Assertion-Reasoning) of one
mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C
contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case
study-based questions of four marks each, and Section E contains three long
answer questions of five marks each.
4.​ There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided for one
question in Section B, one in Section C, one in each CBQ in Section D, and all three
questions in Section E. You must attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
5.​ Use of calculators is not allowed.
6.​ You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary

(a)​ c = 3 x 108 m/s

(b)​me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
(c)​ mp = 1.7 x10-27 kg
(d)​e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
(e)​ µ0 = 4π x 10-7 T mA-1
(f)​ h = 6.63 x10-34 J s
(g)​ε0 = 8.854 x10-12C2N-1m-2

S.No. Question Marks

Section-A
1 Two-point charges placed in a medium of dielectric constant 3 are at a distance ‘r’ 1
between them and experience an electrostatic force ‘F’. The electrostatic force between
them in a vacuum at the same distance ‘r’ will be
(a) 3F (b) F
(c) F/2 (d) F/3

2 The universal property among all substances is 1

(a) Diamagnetism (b) Paramagnetism
(c) Ferromagnetism (d) Both (a) and (b)

3 The direction of magnetic field lines close to a straight conductor carrying current will 1
be
(a) Along the length of the conductor (b) Radially outward

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 (c) Circular in a plane perpendicular to (d) Helical
the conductor

4 The induced charge in electromagnetic induction is independent of 1

(a) Flux change (b) Time
(c) Coil resistance (d) Magnetic Field Strength

5 In a p-type semiconductor, the current conduction is due to 1

(a) Holes (b) Atoms
(c) Electrons (d) Protons

6 In a compound microscope, the images formed by the objective and the eyepiece are 1
respectively
(a) Virtual, real (b) Real, virtual
(c) Virtual, virtual (d) Real, Real

7 A 20V AC is applied to a circuit consisting of a resistance and a coil with negligible 1

resistance. If the voltage across the resistance is 12V, the voltage across the coil is
(a) 16V (b) 10V
(c) 8V (d) 6V

8 In an insulator, the forbidden energy gap between a valence band and a conduction 1
band is of the order of
(a) Equal to 3 eV (b) Less than 3 eV
(c) Greater than 3 eV (d) Both (a) and (b)

9 Two sources of monochromatic light are said to be coherent if light waves produced by 1
them have the same
(a) Frequency and constant phase (b) Frequency only
differences
(c) Amplitude only (d) Amplitude and same
wavelength

10 Electromagnetic waves transport 1

(a) Charge and momentum (b) Frequency and wavelength
(c) Energy and momentum (d) Wavelength and energy

11 If r1 and r2 are the radii of the atomic nuclei of mass numbers 4 and 32, respectively, 1
then the ratio (r1/r2) is
(a) 1:2 (b) 1:3
(c) 1:4 (d) 1:5

12 If the ground state ionisation energy of the H-atom is 13.6 eV, the energy required to 1
ionise a H-atom from the second excited state is
(a) 1.51 eV (b) 3.4 eV
(c) 13.6 eV (d) 12.1 eV

Assertion and Reason Type Questions

Directions: In each of the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed
by a statement of reason (R). While answering questions, choose the correct one and
mark it as
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 (a)​ If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of the assertion (A).
(b)​If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, but reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of the assertion (A).
(c)​ If assertion (A) is true and reason (R) is false.
(d)​If both assertion (A) and reason (R) are false

13 Assertion : The electrostatic force between the plates of a charged isolated capacitor 1
decreases when dielectric fills whole space between plates.
Reason : The electric field between the plates of a charged isolated capacitance
increases when dielectric fills whole space between plates.
14 Assertion : In Lyman series, the ratio of minimum and maximum wavelength 1
is ¾.​
Reason : Lyman series constitute spectral lines corresponding to transition
from higher energy to ground state of hydrogen atom.
15 Assertion: If the circuit is continuous, a large magnetic flux through a coil maintains a 1
current in the coil.
Reason: Only a change in magnetic flux will maintain an induced current in the coil.
16 Assertion: The kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted by a photosensitive surface 1
depends upon the intensity of the incident photon.
Reason: The ejection of electrons from the metallic surfaces is possible with the
frequency of incident photons below the threshold frequency.
Section-B
17 The relative magnetic permeabilities of the two magnetic materials, A and B, are 0.96 2
and 500, respectively. Which magnetic materials, A and B, are they?
18 Derive an expression for the drift velocity of free electrons in a conductor in terms of 2
relaxation time.
19 The self-inductance of a solenoid of 600 turns is 108 mH. Find the self-inductance of a 2
coil with 500 turns with the same length, radius, and medium.
OR
Calculate the current drawn by the primary of a transformer, which steps down 200V to
20V to operate a device of resistance 20 ohm. Assume the efficiency of the transformer
to be 80%.
20 The graph in Figure shows the variation of stopping potential with frequency v of the 2
incident radiation for two photosensitive metals, X and Y.

Which of the metals has a large threshold wavelength? Give reason.

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21 How is forward biasing different from reverse biasing in a p-n junction diode? Justify 2
your answer.
Section-C
22 Two point electric charges of value q and 2q are kept at a distance d apart from each 3
other in air. A third charge Q is to be kept along the same line in such a way that the net
force acting on q and 2q is zero. Calculate the position of charge Q in terms of q and d.
23 A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 50 A in north to south 3
direction. Give the magnitude and direction of magnetic field at a point 2.5 m east of
the wire.
OR
Using Ampere’s circuital law, obtain an expression for the magnetic field along the axis
of a solenoid of length l and having N number of turns and carrying current I.
24 Two monochromatic light rays are incident normally on the face AB of an isosceles 3
right-angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of the glass prism for the two rays ‘1’
and ‘2’ are respectively 1.35 and 1.45. Trace the path of these rays entering through the
prism.

25 In Young’s double-slit experiment, the slits are 0.5 mm apart, and interference is 3
observed on a screen placed at a distance of 100 cm from the slits. It is found that the
9th bright fringe is at a distance of 8.835 mm from the second dark fringe from the
centre of the fringe pattern. Find the wavelength of light used.
26 3
A graph below shows the variation of binding energy per nucleon with mass number
. In the graph, mark regions where nuclei are:
(a) Prone to fusion.
(b) Prone to fission.
(c) Give a reason for your marking.

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27 The energy levels of an atom of element X are shown in the diagram. Which one of the 3
level transitions will result in the emission of photons of wavelength 620 nm? Support
your answer with mathematical calculations.

28 With the help of a circuit diagram, explain how a p-n junction diode works as a full 3
wave rectifier. Draw its input and output waveform.

Section-D
29 An arrangement of two conductors separated by an insulating medium can be used to 4
store electric charge and electric energy. Such a system is called a capacitor. The more
charge a capacitor can store, the greater is its capacitance. Usually, a capacitor consists
of two capacitors having equal and opposite charge + Q and –Q. Hence, there is a
potential difference V between them. By the capacitance of a capacitor, we mean the
ratio of the charge Q to the potential difference V. By the charge on a capacitor we
mean only the charge Q on the positive plate. Total charge of the capacitor is Zero. The
capacitance of a capacitor is a constant and depends on geometric factors, such as the
shapes, sizes and relative positions of the two conductors, and the nature of the medium
between them. The unit of capacitance is Farad (F). But μF and pF are the more
convenient units commonly used. Capacitor consists of two long strips or metal foils,
separated by two long strips of dielectrics, rolled up into a small cylinder. Common
dielectric materials are plastics (such as polyestor and polycarbonates) and aluminium
oxide. Capacitors are widely used in television, computer, and other electric circuits.

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 (i) A parallel plate capacitor C has charge Q. The actual charge on its plates are:
(a) +Q, +Q (b) +Q/2, +Q/2
(c) +Q, -Q (d) +Q/2, -Q/2
(ii) A parallel plate capacitor is charged. If the plate are pulled apart,
(a) The capacitance increases (b) The potential difference
increases
(c) The total charge increase (d) The charge and the potential
difference remains the same

(iii) What is the value of capacitance of a capacitor if it has a charge of 9C and voltage
of 5V?
(a) 1.8F (b) 45F
(c) 8.1F (d) 4.5F

(iv). How to increase the capacity of the parallel plate capacitor?

(a) Decrease the area of the plate (b) Increase the area of the plate
(c) Increase the distance between the (d) Both (a) and (b)
plate
OR
(v). Energy is stored in a capacitor in the form of
(a) Magnetic energy (b) Light energy
(c) Heat energy (d) Electrostatic energy

30 Kartikay and Rahul were both creating a series of circular waves by jiggling their legs 4
in water. The waves formed a pattern similar to the diagram, as shown. Their friend,
Shubham, advised Kartikay and Rahul not to play with water for a long time. He then
observed beautiful patterns of ripples that became very colourful when his friend
Lakshay poured an oil drop on them. Lakshay, a 12th-standard student, had explained
the cause of colourful ripple patterns to Kartikay.

(i) Name the phenomenon involved in the activity

(a) Reflection (b) Refraction
(c) Interference (d) Polarisation

(ii) A surface over which an optical wave has a constant phase is called.
(a) Wave (b) Wavefront
(c) Elasticity (d) None of these

(iii) Which of the following is correct for light diverging from a point source?
(a) The intensity decreases in proportion (b) The wavefront is parabolic.
to the distance squared

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 (c) The intensity at the wavelength does (d) The intensity increases in
depend on the distance. proportion to the distance
squared

(iv) The phenomena which is not explained by Huygens’s construction of

(a) Wavefront (b) Diffraction
(c) Refraction (d) Origin of spectra
OR
(v) Huygens’s concept of secondary wave
(a) allows us to find the focal length of a (b) is a geometrical method to
thick lens find a wavefront
(c) is used to determine the velocity of (d) is used to explain polarisation
light

Section-E
31 (a)The graph shows a plot of terminal voltage ‘V’ versus the current ‘i’ of a given cell. 5

Calculate from the graph

(I)​ emf of the cell and. (ii) internal resistance of the cell.
(b)​Write any two factors on which internal resistance of a cell depends.

OR
(a)​ Using Gauss’s law, derive an expression for the electric field at any point
outside a uniformly charged thin spherical shell of radius ‘R’ and charge density
σ C/m2.
(b)​Draw the field lines when the charge density of the spherical shell is (i) positive,
(ii) negative
(c)​ A uniformly charged conducting spherical shell of 2.5 m in diameter has a
surface charge density of 100 µC/m2. Calculate the total electric flux passing
through the spherical shell.
32 (a)​ With the help of a diagram, explain the principle and working of a moving coil 5
galvanometer.
(b)​What is the importance of a radial magnetic field, and how is it produced?
OR
A device ‘X’ is connected to an AC source. 𝑉 = 𝑉0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ω𝑡. The variation of voltage,
current and power in one cycle is shown in the following graph:

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 (a) Identify the device ‘X’.
(b) Which of the curves, A, B, and C, represent the voltage, current, and power
consumed by the circuit? Justify your answer.
(c) How does its impedance vary with the frequency of the AC source?
(d) Obtain an expression for the current in the circuit and its phase relation with AC
voltage.
33 (i) Calculate the radius of curvature of an equi-concave lens of refractive index 5
1.5 when kept in a medium of refractive index 1.4 to have a power of -5D.

(ii) Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of an image at the least distance
of vision in an astronomical telescope.

(iii) Using the data given below, state which of the given lenses you prefer to use as an
eyepiece and the objective to design a compound microscope.
Lens Power Aperture
A 20D 0.02m
B 10D 0.02m
C 10D 0.05m
D 1.0D 0.1m
​
OR

(i)​ When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a
bright spot is seen at the centre of the obstacle. Explain why?
(ii)​ If a diffraction pattern is observed using a beam of red light, then replacing the
red light with blue light will cause the diffraction bands to become broader.
Explain why?
(iii)​ How will you differentiate interference and diffraction through observation?

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 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN-MUMBAI REGION
FIRST PREBOARD QUESTION PAPER -PHYSICS-2024-2025
Subject Code – 042 CLASS – XII
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1
mark each, Section B contains fivequestions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four
marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question
in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three
questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 10 8 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. mp = 1.7 x10 -27 kg
iv. e = 1.6 x 10 -19 C
v. µ0 = 4π x 10 -7 T m 𝑨 -1
vi. h = 6.63 x10 -34 J s
vii. ε0 = 8.854 x10 -12 𝑪 2𝑵−𝟏𝒎-2 viii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎 23 per gram mole

[SECTION – A] (16x1=16 marks)

1 A spherical conductor of radius 10cm has a charge of 3.2x10 -7C distributed 1

uniformly. What is the magnitude of electric field at a point 15 cm from the center
of the sphere?
(a) 1.28X 104N/C

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 (b) 1.28X 10 5N/C
(c) 1.28X 10 6N/C
(d) 1.28X 10 7N/C

2 The electric flux through the surface in the figures 1

a) Figure (iv) is the largest
b) Figure (iii) is the least
c) Figure (ii) is same as figure (iii) but is smaller than figure (iv)
d) is the same for all the figures

3 The angle between the electric lines of force and the equipotential surface is 1
(a) 0◦ (b) 90◦ (c) 180◦ (d) 360◦

4 The vehicles carrying inflammable fluids usually have metallic chains touching the 1
ground:
(a)To protect tyres from catching dirt from ground
(b)It is a custom
(c)To alert other vehicles
(d)To conduct excess charge due to air friction to ground and prevent sparking

5 A small telescope has an objective of focal length 140 cm and an eye piece of 1
focal length 5.0 cm. The magnifying power of telescope at infinity for viewing a
distant object is:
(a) 34
(b) 28
(c) 17
(d) 32
6 When a p-n junction diode is subjected to reverse biasing: 1
(a) the barrier height decreases, and the depletion region widens.
(b) the barrier height increases, and the depletion region widens.
(c) the barrier height decreases, and the depletion region shrinks.
(d) the barrier height increases, and the depletion region shrinks.
7 The number of photons per second on an average emitted by the source of 1
monochromatic light of wavelength 600nm, when it delivers the power of
3.3 × 10−3 watt will be : (h = 6.6 × 10−34 Js)
(a)1015
(b)1018
(c)1017
(d)1016

8 The magnetic field of a plane electromagnetic wave is given by

B=3×10-8 cos (1.6×103x + 48×10 10t)j, then the associated electric field will be :

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 (a)9 cos(1.6×10 3x + 48×10 10t)k V/m

(b)3×10-8cos(1.6×103 x + 48×1010t)i V/m

(c)3×10-8 sin(1.6×10 3 x + 48×1010 t)i V/m

(d) 9 sin(1.6×103 x − 48×10 10 t)k V/m

9 The property which is not of an electromagnetic wave travelling in free space is 1

that:

(a)They are transverse in nature

(b)The energy density in electric field is equal to energy density in magnetic field
1
(c) They travel with a speed equal to
√µ𝑜Ɛ𝑜
(d)They originate from charges moving with uniform speed
10 A hydrogen atom makes a transition from n = 5 to n = 1 orbit. The wavelength of 1
photon emitted is λ. The wavelength of photon emitted when it makes a transition
from n = 5 to n = 2 orbit is
(a) 8/7λ
(b) 16/7λ
(c) 24/7λ
(d) 32/7λ
11 A full wave rectifier circuit consists of two p-n junction diodes, a centre-tapped
transformer, capacitor and a load resistance. Which of these components remove
the ac ripple from the rectified output?

(a)p-n junction diodes

(b)Capacitor
(c )Load resistance
(d)A centre-tapped transformer

12 The input voltage is a square wave as shown above. What will be output across 1
the resistor?

(a) Only +2 V
(b) Only -2 V
(c) Either 0 V or +2 V
(d)Either 0 V or -2 V

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 For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
options as given below.
A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
13 Assertion (A): Work done in moving a charge around a closed path, in an 1
electric field is always zero.
Reason (R): Electrostatic force is a conservative force.
14 Assertion(A) : An alpha particle is moving towards a gold nucleus. The impact 1
parameter is maximum for the scattering angle of 180
Reason (R) : The impact parameter in an alpha particle scattering experiment
does not depend upon the atomic number of the target nucleus.
15 Assertion(A) : Electrons are ejected from the surface of Zinc when it is 1
irradiated by yellow light
Reason (R) : Energy associated with a photon of yellow light is more than the
work function of zinc.

16 Assertion (A): Diamagnetic substances exhibit magnetism.

Reason (R): Diamagnetic materials do not have permanent magnetic dipole
moment.
Answer:
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is NOT the
correct explanation of Assertion (A).

SECTION B (5X2=10)

17 The figure shows a series LCR circuit connected to a variable frequency 250 V
source with L = 40 mH, C = 100 µF and R = 50 Ω.
Determine :
(i) the source frequency which derives the circuit in resonance;
OR
An alternating voltage given by V = 280 sin 50πt is connected across a pure
resistor of 40 Ω. Find
(i) the frequency of the source.
(ii) the rms current through the resistor.
18 Use Huygens’ geometrical construction to show the propagation of plane wave 2
front from a rarer medium (1) to a denser medium (2) undergoing refraction,
hence derive Snell’s law of refraction.
19 A parallel plate capacitor of capacitance 20µF is being charged by a voltage 2
source whose potential is changing at the rate of 3V/s.Find The conduction
current through the connecting wires and the displacement current through the
plated of the capacitor.

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20 The threshold frequency of a certain metal is 3.3 x1014Hz.If light of frequency 2
8.2x1014is
incident on the metal predict the cut off voltage for photoelectric
emission.
21 Find the value of the angle of emergence form the 2
prism. Refractive index of the glass is √3.

SECTION C
(7X3=21)
22 Two point charges, q1 = 10 × 10-8C, q2 = -2 × 10-8C are separated by a distance 3
of 60 cm in air.
(i) Find at what distance from the 1st charge, q1 would the electric potential be
zero.
(ii) Also calculate the electrostatic potential energy of the system
23 Define current density and relaxation time. Derive an expression for resistivity of 3
a conductor in terms of number density of charge carries in the conductor and
relaxation time. [3]
24 State the underlying principle of a transformer. 3
How is the large-scale transmission of electric energy over long distances done
with the use of transformers?
25 Depict the behavior of magnetic field lines when 3
(i) a diamagnetic material and
(ii) a paramagnetic material is placed in an external magnetic field. Mention briefly
the properties of these materials which explain this distinguishing behavior.

26 (i) Distinguish between nuclear fission and fusion giving an example of each. 3
(ii) Explain the release of energy in nuclear fission and fusion on the basis of
binding energy per nucleon curve. [3]
OR
(i) How is the size of a nucleus found experimentally? Write the relation between
the radius and mass number of a nucleus.
(ii) Prove that the density of a nucleus is independent of its mass number.
27 A long solenoid of diameter 0.1 m has 2 × 104 turns per meter. At the center of 3
the solenoid, a coil of 100 turns and radius 0.01 m is placed with its axis
coinciding with the solenoid axis. The current in the solenoid reduces at a
constant rate to 0 A from 4 A in 0.05 s. If the resistance of the coil is 10 π2 Ω, find
the total charge flowing through the coil during this time
28 3
The energy level diagram of an element is given. Identify; by doing necessary
calculations, which transition corresponds to the emission of a spectral line of
wavelength 102.7 nm

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 SECTION D (2X4=8)
CASE BASED QUESTION-WAVE OPTICS
29 Diffraction and interference are closely related phenomena that occur together. 4
Diffraction is the phenomenon of bending of light around the edges of the
obstacle, while interference is the combination of waves that results in a new
wave pattern. In order to get interference, there must be at least two waves that
are diffracting. So while diffraction can occur without interference, interference
cannot occur without diffraction. Two slits of width 2 m each in an opaque
material are separated by a distance of 6 m. Monochromatic light of wavelength
450 nm is incident normally on the slits. One finds a combined interference and
diffraction pattern on the screen.
(i) The number of peaks of the interference fringes formed within the
central peak of the envelope of the diffraction pattern will be :
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 6

(ii) The number of peaks of the interference formed if the slit width is
doubled while keeping the distance between the slits same will be :
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4
(iii) (a) If instead of 450 nm light, another light of wavelength 680 nm is
used, number of peaks of the interference formed in the central peak of
the envelope of the diffraction pattern will be :
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 9
OR
(b) Consider the diffraction of light by a single slit described in this case
study. The first minimum falls at an angle equal to : 1
(A) sin -1 (0.12) (B) sin -1 (0.225) (C) sin -1(0.32) (D) sin-1 (0.45)

The number of bright fringes formed due to interference on 1 m of

screen placed at 4 3m away from the slits is : 1
(iv) (A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 6 (D) 10

CASE BASED QUESTION-SEMICONDUCTOR

30 Defibrillators are devices that deliver a high dose of electric current to the human 4
heart to restore a normal heartbeat. Defibrillation can be a life-saver for someone
in cardiac arrest. To deliver a high dose of electric current, a capacitor is used to
store a large quantity of charge. The capacitor then delivers this charge to the
human heart in a very short time interval. The image below shows a simplified
defibrillator circuit.

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 (1)If the capacitor has a capacitance of 40 μF, charged to 2500 V, what is the
energy stored in the capacitor
(a) 150J (b) 120J (c) 125J (d) 145J
(2) If 60% of this energy is passed through the patient in a pulse of about 3 ms,
how much electrical power is delivered to the patient
(a) 2500w (b)3000w (c) 2800w (d) 2390w
(3) Using the power calculated in part(b), calculate the current flowing from the
capacitor plates to the patient's heart.
(a) 10 A (b) 20A (c) 26 A (d) 13 A
(4) What is the resistance of the path? (The path of current from the capacitor
plates through the patient's heart.)
(a) 245 ohm (b) 250 ohm (c) 280 ohm (d) 450 ohm

SECTION E (3X5=15)
31 a) Using Kirchhoff'᾿s laws obtain the equation of the balanced state in 3
Wheatstone bridge.

b) 2
A wire of uniform cross-section and resistance of 12 ohm is bent in the shape of
circle as shown in the figure. A resistance of 10 ohms is connected to
diametrically opposite ends C and D. A battery of emf 8V is connected between A
and B. Determine the current flowing through arm AD.
OR 3
(a)Derive a relation between internal resistance emf and terminal potential
difference of a cell from current I is drawn. Draw V vs I graph for a cell and
explain its significance.
2

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 (b)Two cells of different emfs and internal resistances are connected in parallel
with one another .Derive the expression for the equivalent emf and equivalent
internal resistance of the combination

32 3
Obtain lens maker's formula and mention its significance.

A biconvex lens of glass (n=3/2) is shifted from air (n=1) to water (n = 4/3). 2
Determine the factor by which the focal length of the lens changes.
OR
A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and
an eyepiece of focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far
from the objective should an object be placed in order to obtain the final image at
a) the least distance of distinct vision (25 cm) and
b) infinity? What is the magnifying power of the microscope in each case?

33 Draw a schematic sketch of a moving coil galvanometer and describe briefly its 3
working. 2
(b) “Increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer does not necessarily
increase the voltage sensitivity.” Justify this statement.
An ammeter of resistance 0.80 Ω can measure current upto 1.0 A.
(i) What must be the value of shunt resistance to enable the ammeter to measure
current upto 5.0A?
(ii) What is the combined resistance of the ammeter and the shunt?
OR
3
Find the magnetic field at a point on the axis of a circular coil carrying current and 2
hence find the magnetic field at the center of the circular coil carrying current.
A rectangular loop of wire size 2 cm × 5 cm carries a steady current of 1 A. A
straight long wire carrying 4 A current is kept near the loop as shown in the figure.

If the loop and the wire are coplanar, find

(i) the torque acting on the loop and
(ii) the magnitude and direction of the force on the loop due to the current
carrying wire.

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 1 AS-04

P-12
Academic Session 2024 – 25
PHYSICS Code – 042
CLASS – XII
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions:
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B,
Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four
Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark each, Section B contains
five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three
long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been
provided in one question in Section B, one question in Section C,
one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in
Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such
questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever
necessary:
i. 𝑐 = 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠
ii. 𝑚𝑒 = 9.1 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔
iii. 𝑚𝑝 = 1.7 × 10−27 𝑘𝑔
iv. 𝑒 = 1.6 × 10−19 𝐶
v. µ0 = 4𝜋 × 10−7 𝑇 𝑚 𝐴−1
vi. ℎ = 6.63 × 10−34 𝐽 𝑠
vii. 𝜀0 = 8.854 × 10−12 𝐶 2 𝑁 −1 𝑚−2
viii. 𝐴𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑜’𝑠 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 = 6.023 × 1023 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒.
AS-04 2

[SECTION – A] (16x1=16 marks)

Q1. A point charge is surrounded symmetrically by six identical charges at
distance r as shown in the figure. How much work is done by the forces of
electrostatic repulsion when the point charge q at the centre is removed at
infinity
q q

q q
r

q
q

6𝑞2
(a) Zero (b)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
𝑞2 12𝑞2
(c) (d)
4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟 4𝜋𝜀0 𝑟
Q2. There are two metallic spheres of same radii but one is solid and the
other is hollow, then
(a) Solid sphere can be given more charge.
(b) Hollow sphere can be given more charge.
(c) They can be charged equally (maximum).
(d) None of the above.
Q3. Which of the following has a negative temperature coefficient
(a) C (b) Fe
(c) Mn (d) Ag.
Q4. The magnetic field at the centre of current carrying coil is
𝝁𝟎 𝒏𝒊 𝜇0 𝑛𝑖
(a) (b)
𝟐𝒓 2𝜋 𝑟
𝜇0 𝑛𝑖
(c) (d) 𝜇0 𝑛𝑖.
4𝑟
Q5. The wing span of an aeroplane is 20 metres. It is flying in a field, where
the vertical component of magnetic field of earth is 5  10–5 tesla, with
velocity 360 km/h. The potential difference produced between the blades
will be
(a) 0.10 V (b) 0.15 V
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(c) 0.20 V (d) 0.30 V

𝜋
Q6. If a current I given by 𝐼0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜔𝑡 − ) flows in an ac circuit across which
2
an ac potential of 𝐸 = 𝐸0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜔𝑡 has been applied, then the power
consumption P in the circuit will be
𝐸0 𝐼0
(a) 𝑃 = (b) 𝑃 = √2𝐸0 𝐼0
√2
𝐸0 𝐼0
(c) 𝑃 = (d) P = 0.
2
Q7. Which of the following is used to investigate the structure of crystal?
a. Gamma Rays b. Infrared Rays
c. X-Rays d. Cosmic Rays.
Q8. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the codes
given below the lists:
List I List II
(Position of the object) (Magnification)
(I) An object is placed at focus before a (A) Magnification is −∞
convex mirror
(II) An object is placed at centre of curvature (B) Magnification is 0.5
before a concave mirror
(III) An object is placed at focus before a (C) Magnification is +1
concave mirror
(IV) An object is placed at centre of (D) Magnification is – 1
curvature before a convex mirror
(E) Magnification is 0.33

Codes:
(a) I-B, II-D, III-A, IV-E (b) I-A, II-D, III-C, IV-B
(c) I-C, II-B, III-A, IV-E (d) I-B, II-E, III-D, IV-C
Q9. Two coherent sources of light can be obtained by
(a) Two different lamps
(b) Two different lamps but of the same power
(c) Two different lamps of same power and having the same colour
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(d) None of the above

Q10. A particle which has zero rest mass and non-zero energy and
momentum must travel with a speed
(a) Equal to c, the speed of light in vacuum
(b) Greater than c
(c) Less than c
(d) Tending to infinity
13.6
Q11. In the nth orbit, the energy of an electron 𝐸𝑛 = − 𝑒𝑉for hydrogen
𝑛2
atom. The energy required to take the electron from first orbit to second
orbit will be
(a) 10.2 𝑒𝑉 (b) 12.1 𝑒𝑉
(c) 13.6 𝑒𝑉 (d) 3.4 𝑒𝑉

Q12. Wires P and Q have the same resistance at ordinary (room)

temperature. When heated, resistance of 𝑃 increases and that of Q
decreases. We conclude that
(a) P and Q are conductors of different materials
(b) P is N-type semiconductor and Q is P-type semiconductor
(c) P is semiconductor and Q is conductor
(d) P is conductor and Q is semiconductor
For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion
(A) and other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these
questions from the options as given below.
A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the
correct explanation of Assertion.
C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
E.
Q13. Assertion: Electromagnetic waves are transverse in nature.
Reason: The electric and magnetic fields in electromagnetic waves
are perpendicular to each other and the direction of propagation.
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Q14. Assertion: When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light
from some distance, a bright spot is seen at the centre of shadow of
the obstacle.
Reason: Destructive interference occurs at the centre of the shadow.
Q15. Assertion: Density of all the nuclei is same.
Reason: Radius of nucleus is directly proportional to the cube root of
mass number.
Q16. Assertion: The electron in the hydrogen atom passes from energy
level 𝑛 = 4 to the 𝑛 = 1 level. The maximum and minimum number of
photons that can be emitted are six and one respectively.
Reason: The photons are emitted when electron make a transition from
the higher energy state to the lower energy state.

[SECTION – B] (05x2=10 marks)

Q17. Estimate the average drift speed of conduction electrons in a copper
wire of cross-sectional area 1.0 × 10−7 𝑚2 carrying a current of 1.5 A.
Assume that the density of conduction electrons to be 9 × 1028 𝑚−3 .
OR
Plot a graph showing temperature dependence of resistivity for a typical
semiconductor. How is this behaviour explained?
Q18. A bar magnet of dipole moment 3 A-m2 rests with its centre on a
frictionless pivot. A force F is applied at right angles to the axis of the
magnet, 10 cm from the pivot. It is observed that an external magnetic field
of 0.25 T is required to hold the magnet in equilibrium at an angle of 30°
with the field. Calculate the value of F. How will the equilibrium be affected,
if F is withdrawn?
Q19. Two monochromatic waves emanating from two coherent sources
have the displacements represented by, 𝑦1 = 𝑎 cos 𝜔𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦2 −
𝑎 cos(𝜔𝑡 + 𝜑), where,  is the phase difference between the two waves.
Show that the resultant intensity at a point due to their superposition is
𝜑
given by 𝐼 = 4𝐼𝑜 cos2 , 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼𝑜 = 𝑎2 .
2
Q20. Photoelectric emission occurs when a surface is irradiated with the
radiation of frequency (i) 1 and (ii) 2. The maximum kinetic energy of the
AS-04 6

electrons emitted in the two cases are K and 2K respectively. Obtain the
expression for the threshold frequency for the surface.

Q21. Calculate the energy release in MeV in the deuterium-tritium fusion

reaction.
2
1𝐻 + 31𝐻 → 42𝐻𝑒 + 𝑛
Using the data
𝑚( 21𝐻 ) = 2.014102 𝑢,
𝑚( 31𝐻 ) = 3.016049 𝑢,
𝑚( 42𝐻𝑒) = 4.002603 𝑢,
𝑚𝑛 = 1.008665 𝑢
931.5
1𝑢 = 𝑀𝑒𝑉.
𝑐2

[SECTION – C] (07x3=21 marks)

Q22. Two infinitely large plane thin parallel sheets having surface charge
densities σ1, and σ2 (1 >σ2) are shown in the figure. Write the magnitudes
and directions of the net fields in the regions marked I, II and III.

Q23. Two parallel plate capacitors X and Y have the same area of plates
and same separation between them, X has air between the plates while Y
contains a dielectric medium of 𝜀𝑟 = 4.
 7 AS-04

(i) Calculate the capacitance of each capacitor if equivalent capacitance

of the combination is 4uF.
(ii) Calculate the potential difference between the plates of X and Y.
(iii) Estimate the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y.
OR
A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. After sometime, the
battery is disconnected and a dielectric slab with its thickness equal to the
plate separation is inserted between the plates. How will (i) the
capacitances of the capacitor (ii) potential difference between the plates (iii)
the energy stored in the capacitors be affected? Justify your answer in
each case.

Q24. (i) State Ampere's circuital law expressing it in the integral form.
(ii) Two long co-axial insulated solenoids 𝑆1 and 𝑆2 of equal length are wound
one over the other as shown in the figure. A steady current I flows through
the inner solenoid 𝑆1 , to the other end B which is connected to the outer
solenoid S2 through which the some current I flows in the opposite direction
so, as to come out at end A. If n1, and n2 are the number of turns per unit
length, find the magnitude and direction of the net magnetic field at a point

(a) inside on the axis and

(b) outside the combined system.
AS-04 8

Q25. A convex lens made up of a glass of refractive index 1.5 is dipped in

(i) a medium of refractive index 1.65
(ii) a medium of refractive index 1.33.
(a) Will it behave as a converging lens or a diverging lens in the two cases?
(b) How will its focal length change in the two media?
Q26. Two objects P and Q when placed at different positions in front of a
concave mirror of focal length 20 cm, from real images of equal size. Size
of object P is three times size of object Q. If the distance of P is 50 cm from
the mirror, find the distance of Q from the mirror.
Q27. (i) In the following diagram, is the junction diode forward biased or
reverse biased?

(ii) Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier and state how it works?
Q28. Draw the energy band diagrams of (i) n-type and (ii) p-type
semiconductor at temperature, T> 0 K. In the case n-type Si
semiconductor, the donor energy level is slightly below the bottom of
conduction band whereas in p-type semiconductor, the acceptor energy
level is slightly above the top of the valence band. Explain, what role do
these energy levels play in conduction and valence bands.
 9 AS-04

[SECTION D] (02x4=08 marks)

Q29. Case Based Questions Directions (Q.29) This question is case

study-based question. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from this question. Each
question carries 1 mark.
An electron with a speed 𝑣𝑜 << 𝑐 moves in a circle of radius ro in a uniform
magnetic field. This electron can traverse a circular path as magnetic field
is perpendicular to the velocity of the electron. The time required for one
revolution of the electron is To. The speed of the electron is now increase to
4 𝑣𝑜
(i) The radius of the circle will change to
𝑟𝑜 𝑟
(a) 4𝑟𝑜 (b) 2𝑟𝑜 (c) (d) 𝑜 .
4 2
(ii) The time required for one revolution of the electron will change to
𝑇𝑜
(a) 4𝑇𝑜 (b) 𝑇𝑜 (c) 2𝑇𝑜 (d) .
2
(iii) A charged particle is projected in a magnetic field 𝐵 = (2𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂) × 102 𝑇.
The acceleration of the particle is found to be 𝑎 = (𝑥𝑖̂ + 4𝑗̂)𝑚𝑠 −2 . Find the
value of x.
(a) 8 ms-2 (b) -8 ms-2
(c) -4 ms-2 (d) 4 ms-2
(iv) If the given electron has a velocity not perpendicular to B, then the
trajectory of the electron is
(a) straight line (b) circular
(c) helical (d) Both (a) and (c).
(v) If this electron of charge (e) is moving parallel to uniform magnetic field
(B) with constant velocity v. The force acting on the electron is
𝐵𝑒𝑣
(a) Bev (b) 2 Bev (c) (d) zero.
2
Q30. Case Based Questions Directions (Q.30) This question is case
study-based question. Attempt any 4 sub-parts from this question.
Each question carries 1 mark.
Matter cannot exist both as a particle and as a wave simultaneously. At a
particular instant of time, it is either the one or the other aspect, i.e. the two
aspects are complementary to each other. According to de-Broglie, a wave
AS-04 10

is associated with moving material particle which controls the particle in

every respect. The wave associated with moving material particle is called
matter wave or de-Broglie wave whose wavelength is called de-Broglie
wavelength.
(i) The de-Broglie wave of a moving particle does not depend on
(a) mass (b) charge (c) velocity (d) momentum.
(ii) The de-Broglie wavelength of a particle of KE, K is λ. What will be the
𝐾
wavelength of the particle, if its kinetic energy is .
9
(a) λ (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4.
(iii) Which of the following figures represent the variation of particle
momentum and the associated de-Broglie wavelength?

(iv) de-Broglie wavelength associated with an electron, accelerating

through a potential difference of 100 V lies in the region of
(a) Gamma rays
(b) X-rays
(c) Ultraviolet rays
(d) Visible region.
(v) A proton and an -particle are accelerated through the same potential
difference. The ratio of de-Broglie wavelength λp to that of λ is
(a) √2:1
(b) √4:1
(c) √6:1
(d) √8:1.
 11 AS-04

[SECTION E] (03X5=15)
Q31. (i) Derive an expression for drift velocity of electrons in a conductor.
Hence, deduce Ohm's law.
(ii) A wire whose cross-sectional area is increasing linearly from its one end
to the other is connected across a battery of potential difference V volt.
Which of the following quantities remain constant in the wire?
(a) Drift speed (b) Current density
(c) Electric current (d) Electric field.
Justify your answer.
OR

(a) Distinguish between emf () and terminal voltage (V) of a cell having
internal resistance r. Draw a plot showing the variation of terminal voltage
(V) versus the current (I) drawn from the cell. Using this plot show how
does one can determine the internal resistance of the cell?
(b) A 10 V cell of negligible internal resistance is connected in parallel
across a battery of emf 200 V and internal resistance 38  as shown in the
figure. Find the value of current in the circuit.

Q32. A device X is connected across an AC source of voltage 𝑉 = 𝑉𝑜 sin 𝜔𝑡.

𝜋
The current through X is given as 𝐼 = 𝐼𝑜 sin (𝜔𝑡 + )
2
(i) Identify the device X.
(ii) Draw graphs showing variation of voltage and current with time over
one cycle of AC, for X.
(iii) How does the reactance of the device X vary with frequency of the
AC? Show this variation graphically.
(iv) Draw the phasor diagram for the device X.
AS-04 12

OR
(a) Draw the diagram of a device which is used to decrease high AC
voltage into a low AC voltage and state its working principle. Write four
sources of energy loss in this device.
(b) A small town with a demand of 1200 kW of electric power at 220 V is
situated 20 km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The
resistance of the two-wire line carrying power is 0.5  per km. The town
gets the power from the line through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer
at a sub-station in the town. Estimate the line power loss in the form of
heat.
Q33. (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram to obtain the real image formed by an
astronomical telescope in normal adjustment position. Define its magnifying
power.
(ii) You are given three lenses of power 0.5 D, 4 D and 10 D to design a
telescope.
(a) Which lenses should be used as objective and eyepiece? Justify your
answer.
(b) Why is the aperture of the objective preferred to be large?
OR
a. Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope.
Deduce an expression for the total magnification when the final image
is formed at the near point.
b. In a compound microscope, an object is placed at 1.5 cm from the
objective of focal length 1.25 cm. If the eyepiece has a focal length of
5 cm and the final image is formed at the near point. Estimate the
magnifying power of the microscope.