#### 01 - Introduction to Networking

1. **What is the primary purpose of a network?**

- A) To connect computers and share resources
- B) To encrypt data for security
- C) To manage network traffic
- D) To provide physical storage

2. **Which device is used to connect multiple networks together and route traffic between
them?**
- A) Switch
- B) Router
- C) Hub
- D) Modem

3. **What is the function of a network interface card (NIC)?**

- A) To connect a computer to a network
- B) To store network traffic data
- C) To manage IP address assignments
- D) To filter network traffic

4. **Which topology connects all devices to a central hub or switch?**

- A) Star
- B) Ring
- C) Mesh
- D) Bus
5. **What is the term for the number of devices that can be connected in a network without
significant performance degradation?**
- A) Bandwidth
- B) Latency
- C) Scalability
- D) Capacity

6. **Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for end-to-end communication and error
recovery?**
- A) Physical Layer
- B) Data Link Layer
- C) Network Layer
- D) Transport Layer

7. **In networking, what does LAN stand for?**

- A) Local Area Network
- B) Long Area Network
- C) Limited Access Network
- D) Large Area Network

8. **What is the purpose of a firewall in a network?**

- A) To manage and filter network traffic based on security rules
- B) To increase network speed
- C) To provide a physical connection between devices
- D) To route traffic between different networks

9. **Which type of network uses radio waves to connect devices?**

- A) Wired Network
 - B) Wireless Network
- C) Optical Network
- D) Hybrid Network

10. **What does the term "bandwidth" refer to in networking?**

- A) The maximum rate of data transfer across a network
- B) The distance between network nodes
- C) The number of devices on a network
- D) The physical medium used for transmission

#### 02 - Protocol Architecture

11. **Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for routing and logical addressing?**
- A) Data Link Layer
- B) Network Layer
- C) Transport Layer
- D) Application Layer

12. **In the TCP/IP model, which layer corresponds to the OSI model’s Transport Layer?**
- A) Network Layer
- B) Application Layer
- C) Transport Layer
- D) Data Link Layer

13. **What is the primary function of the Transport Layer in the OSI model?**
- A) To provide end-to-end communication and data flow control
- B) To route data between different networks
 - C) To manage the physical connection between devices
- D) To encode and decode data signals

14. **Which protocol is used to establish a connection-oriented session between two

devices?**
- A) TCP
- B) UDP
- C) IP
- D) ARP

15. **Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for translating network addresses into
physical addresses?**
- A) Data Link Layer
- B) Network Layer
- C) Transport Layer
- D) Session Layer

16. **What is the role of the Application Layer in network communication?**

- A) To provide network services directly to end-user applications
- B) To manage error correction and flow control
- C) To route packets between different networks
- D) To establish physical connections

17. **In the TCP/IP model, which layer provides the functionality for error detection and
correction?**
- A) Network Layer
- B) Application Layer
- C) Transport Layer
 - D) Data Link Layer

18. **Which protocol is used for error detection and correction at the Transport Layer?**
- A) TCP
- B) UDP
- C) IP
- D) ICMP

19. **Which layer of the OSI model is concerned with data representation and encryption?**
- A) Presentation Layer
- B) Application Layer
- C) Transport Layer
- D) Session Layer

20. **What does the term "encapsulation" refer to in the context of networking protocols?**
- A) Wrapping data with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model
- B) Encrypting data for secure transmission
- C) Compressing data to reduce size
- D) Assigning IP addresses to network devices

#### 03 - Physical Layer

21. **Which type of cable is commonly used in Ethernet networks for physical layer
connectivity?**
- A) Coaxial Cable
- B) Fiber Optic Cable
- C) UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Cable
 - D) HDMI Cable

22. **What is the main advantage of fiber optic cables over copper cables?**
- A) Higher bandwidth and longer distance transmission
- B) Lower cost and easier installation
- C) Better compatibility with legacy systems
- D) Greater physical durability

23. **In the context of the physical layer, what does "attenuation" refer to?**
- A) The reduction of signal strength over distance
- B) The increase in signal strength
- C) The encryption of data signals
- D) The process of error detection

24. **Which modulation technique is used in fiber optic communication to transmit data?**
- A) Amplitude Modulation
- B) Frequency Modulation
- C) Phase Modulation
- D) Optical Modulation

25. **What is the function of a repeater in the physical layer?**

- A) To amplify or regenerate signals to extend transmission distance
- B) To route data between networks
- C) To provide data encryption
- D) To manage data flow control

26. **Which standard defines the physical and electrical characteristics of Ethernet cables?**
 - A) IEEE 802.3
- B) IEEE 802.11
- C) IEEE 802.15
- D) IEEE 802.5

27. **What does "signal degradation" refer to in networking?**

- A) The loss of signal quality as it travels over a medium
- B) The improvement of signal quality with repeaters
- C) The encryption of data for secure transmission
- D) The error detection process

28. **Which type of cable is typically used for high-speed data transmission over short
distances?**
- A) Fiber Optic Cable
- B) Coaxial Cable
- C) UTP Cable
- D) RS-232 Serial Cable

29. **What does the term "bandwidth" mean in the context of the physical layer?**
- A) The range of frequencies that a transmission medium can support
- B) The distance between network nodes
- C) The number of devices connected to a network
- D) The amount of data transmitted per second

30. **Which device converts electrical signals into optical signals and vice versa?**
- A) Transceiver
- B) Router
 - C) Switch
- D) Hub

#### 04 - Link Layer (LAN)

31. **What is the primary function of the Data Link Layer in a LAN?**
- A) To handle error detection and correction and manage physical addressing
- B) To route packets between different networks
- C) To provide end-to-end communication
- D) To manage data encryption and decryption

32. **Which protocol is used for network interface card (NIC) identification in a LAN?**
- A) ARP
- B) TCP
- C) ICMP
- D) UDP

33. **In a LAN, what does the term "broadcast" mean?**

- A) Sending data to all devices on a local network segment
- B) Sending data to a single device
- C) Sending data to all devices on a different network
- D) Sending data to a specific network segment

34. **What is the purpose of the MAC address in a LAN?**

- A) To uniquely identify network devices at the Data Link Layer
- B) To manage IP address assignments
- C) To route packets between different networks
 - D) To encrypt data for security

35. **Which type of frame is used to identify devices and manage traffic within a LAN?**
- A) Ethernet Frame
- B) IP Packet
- C) TCP Segment
- D) UDP Datagram

36. **What is the role of a switch in a LAN?**

- A) To forward data only to the intended recipient based on MAC address
- B) To route data between different networks
- C) To connect devices in a network segment
- D) To manage IP address assignments

37. **Which method is used by Ethernet

to detect collisions in a network segment?**

- A) CSMA/CD
- B) CSMA/CA
- C) Token Passing
- D) Polling

38. **What does the acronym CSMA/CD stand for?**

- A) Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
- B) Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance
- C) Collision Sense Multiple Access with Carrier Detection
- D) Collision Sense Multiple Access with Carrier Avoidance
39. **What is the main advantage of using VLANs in a LAN?**
- A) To segment network traffic and improve security and performance
- B) To increase the physical size of the network
- C) To manage IP address assignments
- D) To handle network collisions

40. **Which standard defines the specifications for Ethernet LANs?**

- A) IEEE 802.3
- B) IEEE 802.11
- C) IEEE 802.15
- D) IEEE 802.5

#### 05 - Network Layer (Part 01)

41. **What is the primary function of the Network Layer in the OSI model?**
- A) To route packets between different networks and manage logical addressing
- B) To provide end-to-end communication
- C) To handle error detection and correction
- D) To manage physical addressing

42. **What is the size of an IPv4 address?**

- A) 32 bits
- B) 64 bits
- C) 128 bits
- D) 256 bits
43. **Which of the following is a valid IPv4 address?**
- A) 192.168.1.1
- B) 256.100.50.25
- C) 172.300.0.1
- D) 10.0.0.256

44. **What does the "Network ID" in an IPv4 address represent?**

- A) The portion of the IP address that identifies the network segment
- B) The portion of the IP address that identifies the specific device
- C) The total length of the IP address
- D) The protocol used for communication

45. **What is the purpose of a subnet mask in IPv4 addressing?**

- A) To divide the IP address into network and host portions
- B) To encrypt data for secure transmission
- C) To route packets between different networks
- D) To identify the source and destination addresses

46. **How many bits are used in a subnet mask for a Class C IP address?**
- A) 24 bits
- B) 16 bits
- C) 8 bits
- D) 32 bits

47. **Which of the following is an example of a subnet mask for a Class B network?**
- A) 255.255.0.0
- B) 255.255.255.0
 - C) 255.0.0.0
- D) 255.255.255.128

48. **What does the term "CIDR" stand for in IPv4 addressing?**
- A) Classless Inter-Domain Routing
- B) Classful Inter-Domain Routing
- C) Classless Internet Data Routing
- D) Classful Internet Data Routing

49. **How is the "Host ID" part of an IP address used?**

- A) To identify a specific device within a network
- B) To identify the network segment
- C) To route packets between different networks
- D) To manage data flow control

50. **What does "IPv4 Fragmentation" refer to?**

- A) The process of dividing a large packet into smaller packets to fit within the MTU
- B) The process of combining multiple small packets into a larger one
- C) The process of encrypting data for secure transmission
- D) The process of checking for errors in packet transmission

51. **Which field in the IPv4 header is used to indicate the length of the entire packet?**
- A) Total Length
- B) Identification
- C) Fragment Offset
- D) TTL
52. **What is the maximum size of an IPv4 datagram, including the header?**
- A) 65,535 bytes
- B) 1,024 bytes
- C) 4,096 bytes
- D) 16,384 bytes

53. **What is the primary purpose of the "TTL" field in the IPv4 header?**
- A) To prevent packets from circulating indefinitely in the network
- B) To specify the packet's length
- C) To identify the source and destination addresses
- D) To manage data encryption

54. **What is the purpose of the "Fragment Offset" field in the IPv4 header?**
- A) To indicate the position of a fragment in the original datagram
- B) To specify the datagram's total length
- C) To manage the TTL value
- D) To identify the protocol used

55. **How many bits are used for the IPv4 "Identification" field?**
- A) 16 bits
- B) 32 bits
- C) 8 bits
- D) 64 bits

56. **What is the function of the IPv4 "Header Checksum" field?**

- A) To detect errors in the header of the datagram
- B) To specify the datagram's length
 - C) To manage fragmentation
- D) To control the TTL value

57. **Which address class provides the largest number of hosts per network?**
- A) Class A
- B) Class B
- C) Class C
- D) Class D

58. **What is the purpose of the "Protocol" field in the IPv4 header?**
- A) To specify the protocol used in the datagram's data portion
- B) To manage the TTL value
- C) To indicate the source and destination addresses
- D) To manage data fragmentation

59. **Which field in the IPv4 header is used to indicate whether the datagram is fragmented?**
- A) Flags
- B) Total Length
- C) Identification
- D) Fragment Offset

60. **What is the default subnet mask for a Class A network?**

- A) 255.0.0.0
- B) 255.255.0.0
- C) 255.255.255.0
- D) 255.255.255.128
61. **How many bits are reserved for the host portion in a Class B IP address?**
- A) 16 bits
- B) 24 bits
- C) 8 bits
- D) 32 bits

62. **Which address block is reserved for private networks according to IPv4 standards?**
- A) 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
- B) 172.16.0.0 to 172.31.255.255
- C) 192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
- D) All of the above

63. **What is the purpose of Network Address Translation (NAT)?**

- A) To convert private IP addresses into public IP addresses
- B) To increase network speed
- C) To encrypt data for secure transmission
- D) To assign IP addresses dynamically

64. **In IPv4 addressing, what is the significance of the "Class D" address range?**
- A) Reserved for multicast groups
- B) Reserved for private networks
- C) Reserved for loopback addresses
- D) Reserved for experimental use

65. **What does the term "CIDR notation" represent in IP addressing?**

- A) A compact representation of IP addresses and subnet masks
- B) A method for routing data between networks
 - C) A way to encode data for secure transmission
- D) A method for error detection in packets

66. **Which field in the IPv4 header is used to identify the datagram's source?**
- A) Source Address
- B) Destination Address
- C) Protocol
- D) Identification

67. **What is the range of addresses in a subnet with a subnet mask of 255.255.255.0 for a
Class C network?**
- A) 256 addresses
- B) 65,536 addresses
- C) 1,024 addresses
- D) 256 addresses (including network and broadcast)

68. **What does "IPv4 Address Allocation" refer to?**

- A) The process of assigning IP addresses to devices in a network
- B) The process of routing data between different networks
- C) The process of converting public IP addresses to private IP addresses
- D) The process of detecting errors in IP packets

69. **How is a subnet mask used in IPv4 addressing?**

- A) To determine which portion of the IP address represents the network and host
- B) To encrypt data for transmission
- C) To manage data flow control
- D) To
route packets between different networks

70. **What does the "Identification" field in the IPv4 header help with?**
- A) Fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams
- B) Routing packets between networks
- C) Managing the TTL value
- D) Encrypting data for secure transmission

---

### Answers

1. A) To connect computers and share resources

2. B) Router
3. A) To connect a computer to a network
4. A) Star
5. C) Scalability
6. D) Transport Layer
7. A) Local Area Network
8. A) To manage and filter network traffic based on security rules
9. B) Wireless Network
10. A) The maximum rate of data transfer across a network

11. B) Network Layer

12. C) Transport Layer
13. A) To provide end-to-end communication and data flow control
14. A) TCP
15. A) Data Link Layer
16. A) To provide network services directly to end-user applications
17. C) Transport Layer
18. A) TCP
19. A) Presentation Layer
20. A) Wrapping data with protocol information at each layer of the OSI model

21. C) UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair) Cable

22. A) Higher bandwidth and longer distance transmission
23. A) The reduction of signal strength over distance
24. D) Optical Modulation
25. A) To amplify or regenerate signals to extend transmission distance
26. A) IEEE 802.3
27. A) The loss of signal quality as it travels over a medium
28. A) Fiber Optic Cable
29. A) The range of frequencies that a transmission medium can support
30. A) Transceiver

31. A) To handle error detection and correction and manage physical addressing
32. A) ARP
33. A) Sending data to all devices on a local network segment
34. A) To uniquely identify network devices at the Data Link Layer
35. A) Ethernet Frame
36. A) To forward data only to the intended recipient based on MAC address
37. A) CSMA/CD
38. A) Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection
39. A) To segment network traffic and improve security and performance
40. A) IEEE 802.3

41. A) To route packets between different networks and manage logical addressing
42. A) 32 bits
43. A) 192.168.1.1
44. A) The portion of the IP address that identifies the network segment
45. A) To divide the IP address into network and host portions
46. A) 24 bits
47. A) 255.255.0.0
48. A) Classless Inter-Domain Routing
49. A) To identify a specific device within a network
50. A) The process of dividing a large packet into smaller packets to fit within the MTU

51. A) Total Length

52. A) 65,535 bytes
53. A) To prevent packets from circulating indefinitely in the network
54. A) To indicate the position of a fragment in the original datagram
55. A) 16 bits
56. A) To detect errors in the header of the datagram
57. A) Class A
58. A) To specify the protocol used in the datagram's data portion
59. A) Flags
60. A) 255.0.0.0
61. A) 16 bits
62. D) All of the above
63. A) To convert private IP addresses into public IP addresses
64. A) Reserved for multicast groups
65. A) A compact representation of IP addresses and subnet masks
66. A) Source Address
67. D) 256 addresses (including network and broadcast)
68. A) The process of assigning IP addresses to devices in a network
69. A) To determine which portion of the IP address represents the network and host
70. A) Fragmentation and reassembly of datagrams