0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views13 pages

Pesquisa - SARMENTO - pp.56-68

The document discusses the design and implementation of participatory design methods in various contexts, emphasizing the importance of user involvement in the design process. It highlights the need for collaboration among different stakeholders to create effective and efficient solutions. Additionally, it outlines strategies for integrating user feedback into design practices to enhance overall project outcomes.

Uploaded by

mariairis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
0% found this document useful (0 votes)
11 views13 pages

Pesquisa - SARMENTO - pp.56-68

The document discusses the design and implementation of participatory design methods in various contexts, emphasizing the importance of user involvement in the design process. It highlights the need for collaboration among different stakeholders to create effective and efficient solutions. Additionally, it outlines strategies for integrating user feedback into design practices to enhance overall project outcomes.

Uploaded by

mariairis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13

'(6,*13$57,&,3$7,92(0352-(72'(

$0%,(17(6&202,1&/8,526868É5,26"

',6(f23$57,&,3$7,92(1352<(&726$0%,(17$/(6¢&202,1&/8,5/26868$5,26"

3$57,&,3$725<'(6,*1,1(19,5210(17$/352-(&7+2:72,1&/8'(86(56"


6$50(1727+$,6$6$03$,2
'RXWRUDHP'HVLJQ8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH$ODJRDV 8)$/ (PDLOWKDLVDVDPSDLR#IDXXIDOEU


5(6802
2 GHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR VHDSUHVHQWD FRPRXPSDUDGLJPD SURMHWXDO GH GHVLJQ TXH RULHQWD FROHWDU DQDOLVDU H SURMHWDU XP VLVWHPD RX DUWHIDWR RX DWp PHVPR XP
DPELHQWHItVLFRMXQWDPHQWHFRPDSDUWLFLSDomRGHXVXiULRV(VVHPpWRGRWHPIRFRQDSDUWLFLSDomRGHGLIHUHQWHVSHVVRDVHDWRUHVQDVHWDSDVGRGHVHQYROYLPHQWR
SURMHWXDOYLVDQGRHVWDEHOHFHUXPDSODWDIRUPDLQWHUDWLYDGHWURFDGHH[SHULrQFLDVHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGHQRYDVLGHLDVSDUDVROXFLRQDUSUREOHPDVHSURSRUVROXo}HV
PDLV FULDWLYDV H HILFLHQWHV $R ORQJR GRV DQRV SHUFHEHVH XPD PDLRU SUHRFXSDomR HQWUH DUTXLWHWRV H GHVLJQHUV HP HVWDEHOHFHU XP SHUIHLWR HQWHQGLPHQWR GDV
P~OWLSODV QHFHVVLGDGHV GRV IXWXURV XVXiULRV GH VHXV DPELHQWHV SURMHWDGRV ,VVR GHYHVH HP SDUWH D DYDQoRV FLHQWtILFRV QD iUHD GH SVLFRORJLD DPELHQWDO HP
DVVRFLDomRDRSURMHWRGRDPELHQWHFRQVWUXtGR(VWHDUWLJRpGHQDWXUH]DWHyULFRSUiWLFDSRLVH[SORUDGHILQLo}HVHFRQFHLWRVWHyULFRVSURMHWXDLVTXHOHYDUDPDRDWXDO
PRGR GH SURMHWDU FRQWHPSRUkQHR DVVLP FRPR GHVFUHYH IHUUDPHQWDVSUiWLFDVGH GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR D VHUHP DSOLFDGDV HP SURMHWRV GH DUTXLWHWXUD H GHVLJQGH
LQWHULRUHV $PHWRGRORJLDp GHVFULWDSRUHWDSDVLQLFLDOPHQWH DSUHVHQWDVHRV FRQFHLWRV TXH GHILQHP R WHPD FHQWUDO QXP VHJXQGR PRPHQWR DSUHVHQWDVH RV
IXQGDPHQWRVHIHUUDPHQWDVGRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRHQRWHUFHLURPRPHQWRGLVFXWHVHHVWUDWpJLDVSURMHWXDLVGLUHFLRQDGDVDPHWRGRORJLDVSDUWLFLSDWLYDV2VUHVXOWDGRV
DSUHVHQWDGRV GHPRQVWUDP VLWXDo}HV SURMHWXDLV Mi UHDOL]DGDV HP SURMHWRV GH QDWXUH]D HVFRODU QRV TXDLV HVWXGDQWHV SURIHVVRUHV H RXWURV XVXiULRV SXGHUDP
SDUWLFLSDUGRSURFHVVRGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGRDUWHIDWRDPELHQWDO
3$/$95$6&+$9(GHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRSURMHWRGHDUTXLWHWXUDXVXiULRVDUTXLWHWXUDKXPDQL]DGD


5(680(1
(OGLVHxRSDUWLFLSDWLYRHVXQSDUDGLJPDGHSUR\HFWRTXHJXtDODUHFRSLODFLyQHODQiOLVLV\HOGLVHxRGHXQVLVWHPDXQDUWHIDFWRRLQFOXVRXQHQWRUQRItVLFRMXQWRFRQ
ODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHORVXVXDULRV(VWHPpWRGRVHFHQWUDHQODSDUWLFLSDFLyQGHGLIHUHQWHVSHUVRQDV\DJHQWHVHQODVHWDSDVGHGHVDUUROORGHOGLVHxRFRQHOREMHWLYRGH
HVWDEOHFHU XQD SODWDIRUPD LQWHUDFWLYD SDUD HO LQWHUFDPELR GH H[SHULHQFLDV \ HO GHVDUUROOR GH QXHYDV LGHDV SDUD UHVROYHU SUREOHPDV \ SURSRQHU VROXFLRQHV PiV
FUHDWLYDV\HILFLHQWHV$ORODUJRGHORVDxRVORVDUTXLWHFWRV\GLVHxDGRUHVVHKDQSUHRFXSDGRPiVSRUFRQVLGHUDUODVP~OWLSOHVQHFHVLGDGHVGHORVIXWXURVXVXDULRV
SDUD VXV HQWRUQRV GLVHxDGRV (VWR VH GHEH HQ SDUWH D ORV DYDQFHV FLHQWtILFRV HQ HO FDPSR GH OD SVLFRORJtD DPELHQWDO HQ DVRFLDFLyQ FRQ HO GLVHxR GHO HQWRUQR
FRQVWUXLGR(VWHDUWtFXORHVGHFDUiFWHUWHyULFRSUiFWLFRGHPDQHUDTXHH[SORUDODVGHILQLFLRQHV\FRQFHSWRVWHyULFRVGHOGLVHxRTXHOOHYDURQDODIRUPDDFWXDOGHO
GLVHxR FRQWHPSRUiQHR DVt FRPR GHVFULEH KHUUDPLHQWDV SUiFWLFDV GH GLVHxR SDUWLFLSDWLYR SDUD VHU DSOLFDGDV HQ SUR\HFWRV GH DUTXLWHFWXUD H LQWHULRULVPR /D
PHWRGRORJtD VH GHVFULEH HQ  HWDSDV LQLFLDOPHQWH VH SUHVHQWDQ ORV FRQFHSWRV GHO WHPD FHQWUDO HQ XQ VHJXQGR PRPHQWR VH SUHVHQWDQ ORV IXQGDPHQWRV \
KHUUDPLHQWDVGHOGLVHxRSDUWLFLSDWLYR\HQHOWHUFHUPRPHQWRVHGLVFXWHQHVWUDWHJLDVGHGLVHxRGLULJLGDVDPHWRGRORJtDVSDUWLFLSDWLYDV/RVUHVXOWDGRVSUHVHQWDGRV
GHPXHVWUDQVLWXDFLRQHVSUR\HFWXDOHV\DUHDOL]DGDVHQSUR\HFWRVGHFDUiFWHUHVFRODUHQORVTXHDOXPQRVGRFHQWHV\RWURVXVXDULRVSXGLHURQSDUWLFLSDUGHOSURFHVR
GHHODERUDFLyQGHODUWHIDFWRDPELHQWDO
3$/$%5$6&/$9(6GLVHxRSDUWLFLSDWLYRGLVHxRDUTXLWHFWyQLFRXVXDULRVDUTXLWHFWXUDKXPDQL]DGD


$%675$&7
3DUWLFLSDWRU\ GHVLJQ LV D SURMHFW SDUDGLJP WKDW JXLGHV FROOHFWLQJ DQDO\]LQJ DQG GHVLJQLQJ D V\VWHP RU DUWLIDFW RU HYHQ D SK\VLFDO HQYLURQPHQW DORQJ ZLWK WKH
SDUWLFLSDWLRQRIXVHUV7KLVPHWKRGIRFXVHVRQWKHSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIGLIIHUHQWSHRSOHDQGDJHQWVLQWKHGHVLJQGHYHORSPHQWVWDJHVDLPLQJWRHVWDEOLVKDQLQWHUDFWLYH
SODWIRUPIRUH[FKDQJLQJH[SHULHQFHVDQGGHYHORSLQJQHZLGHDVWRVROYHSUREOHPVDQGSURSRVHPRUHFUHDWLYHDQGHIILFLHQWVROXWLRQV2YHUWKH\HDUVDUFKLWHFWVDQG
GHVLJQHUVKDYHEHFRPHPRUHFRQFHUQHGZLWKFRQVLGHULQJWKHPXOWLSOHQHHGVRIIXWXUHXVHUVIRUWKHLUGHVLJQHGHQYLURQPHQWV7KLVLVGXHLQSDUWWRVFLHQWLILFDGYDQFHV
LQWKHILHOGRIHQYLURQPHQWDOSV\FKRORJ\LQDVVRFLDWLRQZLWKWKHGHVLJQ RI WKHEXLOW HQYLURQPHQW7KLVDUWLFOH LV RI D WKHRUHWLFDOSUDFWLFDO QDWXUH LQ ZD\ WR H[SORUHV
GHVLJQWKHRUHWLFDOGHILQLWLRQVDQGFRQFHSWVWKDWOHGWRWKHFXUUHQWZD\RIFRQWHPSRUDU\GHVLJQDVZHOODVGHVFULEHVSUDFWLFDOSDUWLFLSDWRU\GHVLJQWRROVWREHDSSOLHGLQ
DUFKLWHFWXUHDQGLQWHULRUGHVLJQSURMHFWV7KHPHWKRGRORJ\LVGHVFULEHGLQVWDJHVLQLWLDOO\WKHFHQWUDOWKHPHFRQFHSWVDUHSUHVHQWHGLQDVHFRQGPRPHQWWKH
IXQGDPHQWDOV DQG WRROV RI SDUWLFLSDWRU\ GHVLJQ DUH SUHVHQWHG DQG LQ WKH WKLUG PRPHQW GHVLJQ VWUDWHJLHV GLUHFWHG WR SDUWLFLSDWRU\ PHWKRGRORJLHV DUH GLVFXVVHG
5HVXOWV SUHVHQWHG GHPRQVWUDWH SURMHFW VLWXDWLRQV DOUHDG\ FDUULHG RXW LQ SURMHFWV RI D VFKRRO QDWXUH LQ ZKLFK VWXGHQWV WHDFKHUV DQG RWKHU XVHUV ZHUH DEOH WR
SDUWLFLSDWHLQWKHGHYHORSPHQWSURFHVVRIWKHHQYLURQPHQWDODUWLIDFW
.(<:25'6SDUWLFLSDWRU\GHVLJQDUFKLWHFWXUDOSURMHFWXVHUVKXPDQD]HGDUFKLWHFWXUH










5HFHELGRHP
$FHLWRHP

56
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

,1752'8d®2
2HVSDoRpDPDWUL]DPELHQWDOHPTXHVHHQWUHODoDPDVSHVVRDVVXDVDWLYLGDGHVHVXDVIRUPDVGHYLYHU
QXPDH[WHQVDFDGHLDGHFRPSOH[LGDGHVHVXEMHWLYLGDGHV$UHODomRGHWURFDH[LVWHQWHHQWUHDSHVVRDHR
PHLR ItVLFR YLYHQFLDGR p ELODWHUDO KDYHQGR P~WXD LQIOXrQFLD UHVXOWDQGR HP XP VLVWHPD RQGH R DPELHQWH
DWXDVREUHDSHVVRDTXHSRUVXDYH]DJHVREUHRVIDWRUHVHVSDFLDLVTXHRGHWHUPLQDP'HVVDIRUPDRV
DOLFHUFHVGDQDWXUH]DGDUHODomR3HVVRD$PELHQWHSHUPLWHPH[SOLFDURYDORUGRHVSDoRHDRULHQWDomRGD
FRQGXWD LQGLYLGXDO RX VRFLDO $R VH DSURSULDUHP GHVWH ROKDU DUTXLWHWRV H GHVLJQHUV SRGHP ID]HU GH VXDV
DWLYLGDGHV SURMHWXDLV IRUPDV PDLV HILFLHQWHV GH DFRPRGDomR SURSRUFLRQDQGR R EHPHVWDU JOREDO DRV
XVXiULRVGHVVHVHVSDoRV
1HVVH VHQWLGR R 'HVLJQ 3DUWLFLSDWLYR VH DSUHVHQWD FRPR XP SDUDGLJPD SURMHWXDO GH GHVLJQ TXH RULHQWD
FROHWDU DQDOLVDU H SURMHWDU XP VLVWHPD RX DUWHIDWR RX DWp PHVPR XP DPELHQWH ItVLFR MXQWDPHQWH FRP D
SDUWLFLSDomR GH XVXiULRV (VVH PpWRGR WHP IRFR QD SDUWLFLSDomR GH GLIHUHQWHV SHVVRDV QDV HWDSDV GR
GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH XP DUWHIDWR WHQGR VLGR LQLFLDGR QD GpFDGD GH  H GHIHQGLGR SRU $VDUR  
0XOOHU  )DO]RQ  *DVSHULQL  H3UDWVFKNHHWDO  HQWUHRXWURV
'HVGH R VpFXOR ;; LPSRUWDQWHV DXWRUHV FRPR /DZVRQ   H 9RRUGW H :HJHQ   EDVHDGRV HP
&URVV  0DUNXV  H6RPPHU  HQWUHRXWURVTXHGLVFXWLUDPRSDSHOGRSURMHWLVWDHQTXDQWR
GHWHQWRU GH XP VDEHU H[FOXVLYR )UHQWH j SyVLQGXVWULDOL]DomR H j UHYROXomR FRPXQLFDFLRQDO SRU PHLR GD
LQWHUQHW VRFLDOL]DQGR DV LQIRUPDo}HV YLVOXPEUDYDVH XPD PXGDQoD SROtWLFD QR VHQWLQGR GH XPD
GHVFHQWUDOL]DomRGHSRGHUHGHGRPtQLRGRVFRQKHFLPHQWRVHPGLIHUHQWHVSURILVV}HVLQFOXVLYHQRFDPSR
GD $UTXLWHWXUD H GR 'HVLJQ (VVH SDUDGLJPD TXHVWLRQD RV SDSHLV QDWXUDOPHQWH SHUFHELGRV SHORV DWRUHV
HQYROYLGRVQRSURFHVVRGHSURMHWDUTXHPGHWHUPLQD"4XHPGHFLGH"4XHPGHILQHIDWRUHVIXQGDPHQWDLVH
SUHIHUrQFLDVDWULEXtGDVDRSURMHWR"
&RQFRUGDPRVFRP0DUNXV  TXDQGRHVWHDILUPDTXHXPDYLDSRVVtYHOSDUDDVTXHVW}HVGHGRPtQLR
VREUH R ID]HU SURMHWXDO GHYHULD VHJXLU SDUD XPD DERUGDJHP PDLV SDUWLFLSDWLYD UHGLVFXWLQGR H UHGHILQLQGR
QRYRV SDSpLV SDUD RV SURILVVLRQDLV H SDUD RV XVXiULRV 0HVPR FRQWLQXDQGR GHWHQWRUHV GD HVSHFLDOL]DomR
TXDOLILFDGD QHFHVViULD DR ID]HU SURMHWXDO RV SURMHWLVWDV FRQWHPSRUkQHRV FRPHoDP D HQYROYHU RV XVXiULRV
QRVSURFHVVRVGHSURMHWREXVFDQGRHQFRQWUDUVROXo}HVPDLVHILFLHQWHVSDUDVXDVREUDVHPDLRUVDWLVIDomR
GHVHXVFOLHQWHV
1D FRQWHPSRUDQHLGDGH D DWLYLGDGH SURILVVLRQDO GR DUTXLWHWR XUEDQLVWD SURMHWDU WRUQRXVH DLQGD PDLV
H[LJHQWH Mi WHQGR VLGR PRGLILFDGD FRP R DGYHQWR GD LQGXVWULDOL]DomR H FRP RV SURFHVVRV GH HODERUDomR
SURMHWXDLV DGYLQGR GR VXUJLPHQWR GH FRPSXWDGRUHV H VRIWZDUHV FDGD YH] PDLV SUHFLVRV H FRPSOHWRV 1D
SURGXomR DUTXLWHW{QLFD FRQWHPSRUkQHD SHUFHEHVH XPD PDLRU SUHRFXSDomR HQWUH DUTXLWHWRV H GHVLJQHUV
HP HVWDEHOHFHU XP SHUIHLWR HQWHQGLPHQWR GDV QHFHVVLGDGHV ItVLFDV SVLFROyJLFDV H HPRFLRQDLV GR XVXiULR
QD HODERUDomR GH SURMHWRV GH DUTXLWHWXUD H GH LQWHULRUHV GH XPD GHWHUPLQDGD HGLILFDomR SDUD DOpP GD
UHVROXomRGHTXHVW}HVGHPDWHULDLVFXVWRVHH[HFXomRGHREUDV
$WXDOPHQWH SURMHWLVWDV GHVHMDP TXH VHXV SURMHWRV VHMDP EHP VROXFLRQDGRV H TXH VHXV FOLHQWHV SRVVDP
VHQWLUHPVHVDWLVIHLWRVHSOHQDPHQWHDWHQGLGRVQDH[HFXomRGHVXDVWDUHIDVGLiULDV2HGLItFLRSDVVDHQWmR
DVHUFRPSUHHQGLGRHQTXDQWRHVSDoRYLYHQFLDOVXMHLWRDRVYDORUHVVLPEyOLFRVHVRFLRFXOWXUDLVGRVXVXiULRV
(VVD SHUFHSomR PDLV UHFHQWH HVWLPXODGD SRU HVWXGRV GH SVLFRORJLD DPELHQWDO DSOLFDGD D SURGXomR GR
DPELHQWHFRQVWUXtGRWUD]XPROKDUPDLVKXPDQRSDUDRDUTXLWHWRXUEDQLVWDHRGHVLJQHUTXHVmRDJHQWHVGH
WUDQVIRUPDomR DPELHQWDO 1HVVH VHQWLGR HVWH DUWLJR SUHRFXSDVH HP GLVFXWLU IHUUDPHQWDV H WpFQLFDV TXH
SRVVDP DFUHVFHQWDU DR SURFHVVR SURMHWXDO PDQHLUDV GH LQFOXLU RV XVXiULRV QR SURFHVVR GH FRQFHSomR
HVSDFLDOGHVGHDVIDVHVLQLFLDLVGHHODERUDomRGHLGHLDV
$R LQLFLDUXPSURMHWRRV SURMHWLVWDVID]HPXPLQYHQWiULRGH LQIRUPDo}HVWpFQLFDVHGHFRPSRUWDPHQWRGH
VHXV FOLHQWHV H IXWXURV XVXiULRV QD IDVH GH OHYDQWDPHQWR GH GDGRV H GH HODERUDomR GR XP EULHILQJ 8P
EULHILQJ p JHUDOPHQWH LQLFLDGR FRP D XPD HQWUHYLVWD H HYHQWXDOPHQWH D DSOLFDomR GH IRUPXOiULRV H
FKHFNOLVWV TXH QHP VHPSUH FRQVHJXHP FDSWDU D WRWDOLGDGH GH LQIRUPDo}HV VREUH DV H[SHFWDWLYDV GRV
XVXiULRVDFHUFDGHVVHQRYRDPELHQWHRXHGLILFDomRTXHHVWiHPSURFHVVRGHHODERUDomR
(VVD TXHVWmR p DLQGD PDLV VHQVtYHO DR FRQVLGHUDUHPVH HGLItFLRV H DPELHQWHV TXH VHUmR XWLOL]DGRV SRU
SHVVRDV GLIHUHQWHV GDTXHODV TXH FRQWUDWDUDP R VHUYLoR GH SURMHWR RV FOLHQWHV 7UDWDVH GH FDVRV FRP
HGLItFLRVGHXVRS~EOLFRHLQVWLWXFLRQDOFRPHUFLDOHVHUYLoRVQRVTXDLVWHUmRDFHVVRHXVRTXDOTXHUWLSRGH
SHVVRD RX VHMD WRGD XPD LQILQLGDGH GH WLSRV H GH SHVVRDV FRP QHFHVVLGDGHV SHUFHSo}HV H GHVHMRV
GLIHUHQWHV
'LDQWH GR GHVDILR H[SRVWR HVWH DUWLJR H[SORUD D GHILQLomR H D DSOLFDomR GH FRQFHLWRV H IHUUDPHQWDV GH
GHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRHPSURMHWRVGHDUTXLWHWXUDHGHVLJQGHLQWHULRUHVDSRQWDQGRIHUUDPHQWDVHHVWUDWpJLDV
TXH SRGHP VHU XVDGDV SRU SURMHWLVWDV HP VHXV SURMHWRV GLUHFLRQDGRV D XVXiULRV GLYHUVRV FRP RV TXDLV

57
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

WHULDP SRXFR FRQWDWR SUpYLR $VVLP QD VHTXrQFLD GHVWD OHLWXUD R LWHP GH GHVHQYROYLPHQWR DERUGDUi DV
GHILQLo}HV RV FRQWH[WRV H DV IHUUDPHQWDV GH GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR H R LWHP GH UHVXOWDGRV GHPRQVWUDUi
UHVXOWDGRVREWLGRVFRPWDLVDSOLFDo}HVMiUHDOL]DGDVHPSURMHWRVGHQDWXUH]DHVFRODUQRVTXDLVHVWXGDQWHV
SURIHVVRUHVJHVWRUHVHVFRODUHVXVXIUXHPGHVVHVDPELHQWHVGHPRGRFROHWLYR

'(6(192/9,0(172
2HPEDVDPHQWRWHyULFRGHVWHDUWLJRpGHILQLGRSHORHVWXGRGHFRQFHLWRVHSURFHVVRVGHSURMHWDomRHVWXGR
GRV XVXiULRV H IRUPDV GH DSOLFDomR GH WpFQLFDV GH GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR HP SURMHWRV GH DPELHQWHV H
HGLILFDo}HV GH XVR S~EOLFR HVSHFLDOPHQWH HP HVFRODV QDV TXDLV R S~EOLFR MRYHP HVWi PDLV DEHUWR D
LQWHUYHQo}HVSDUWLFLSDWLYDVSRLVFRPXPHQWHHQFRQWUDPVHHPJUXSRVHiYLGRVSRUHPLWLURSLQL}HVHVXDV
SHUFHSo}HV2VVXELWHQVDVHJXLUGLVFRUUHPVREUHFDGDXPGRVWHPDVWHyULFRPHWRGROyJLFRVFLWDGRV

3URFHVVRGHSURMHWDomRHPHYROXomR
1XP SURFHVVR GH FRQVWUXomR TXH HQYROYH R SURMHWR DUTXLWHW{QLFR 9RRUGW H :HJHQ  S 
LGHQWLILFDUDPFLQFRIDVHVEiVLFDV
x )DVH H[SORUDWyULD ² 'HVHQYROYLPHQWR GDV SULPHLUDV LGHLDV FRP EDVH QR DWHQGLPHQWR GR XVR
SUHYLVWRUHVXOWDQGRQDHODERUDomRGHSULQFtSLRVEiVLFRVQHFHVVLGDGHVHHVWXGRGHYLDELOLGDGH
x 3URJUDPD GH QHFHVVLGDGHV ² 'HWDOKDPHQWR GDV QHFHVVLGDGHV SUHYLVWDV H[LJrQFLDV
FRPSRQHQWHVGDHGLILFDomRDQiOLVHGDRUJDQL]DomRHGDIXQFLRQDOLGDGH
x 3URMHWR²(VWXGRGRVSURMHWRVGHUHIHUrQFLDHGRSURJUDPDGHQHFHVVLGDGHVSDUDHODERUDomRGDV
SURSRVWDV
x (VSHFLILFDo}HVHHVFROKDGHHPSUHLWHLUD²&RQFUHWL]DomRHGHWDOKDPHQWRGRSURMHWRHVFROKDGH
PDWHULDLVHGHIRUQHFHGRUHV
x 8VR H JHUHQFLDPHQWR ² 9HULILFDomR GD HGLILFDomR UHVXOWDQWH TXDQWR DR DWHQGLPHQWR GDV
H[SHFWDWLYDVGRSRQWRGHYLVWDIXQFLRQDOQmRDSHQDVQRSHUtRGRLPHGLDWRjHQWUHJDGDREUDPDV
WDPEpPHQTXDQWRDYDOLDomRFRQWtQXDGHVHXXVR
$R ORQJR GHVVDV IDVHV p IXQGDPHQWDO FRPSUHHQGHU R SDSHO GH FDGD DJHQWH TXH LQWHUIHUH RX DWXD QR
SURFHVVR GR SURMHWR *XDUGDYLOOD   GHILQH EHP RV SDSpLV H DV IXQo}HV WUDGLFLRQDOPHQWH
GHVHPSHQKDGRVSRUFDGDDJHQWHFRPRUHVXPLGRQR4XDGUR

4XDGUR$JHQWHVHQYROYLGRVQDREUDHGLILFDGDHVXDVIXQo}HV
3URMHWLVWD &RQWUDWDQWH 8VXiULR &RQVWUXWRU
6XMHLWRTXHRSHUDDUWLFXOD 6XMHLWRTXHSURPRYHD 6XMHLWRDTXHOHDTXHPp 6XMHLWRTXHUHDOL]DDREUD
RVLVWHPDGDHGLILFDomR H[HFXomRGDHGLILFDomR GHVWLQDGRRXVRGR HGLILFDGDHQWUHJDQGRR
HQTXDQWRVLVWHPD SULPHLURSURSULHWiULRTXH DUWHIDWRHGLILFDGR3RGH HGLItFLRDRFRQWUDWDQWHRX
SURGXWLYRGHVWLQDGRD SRGHVHUS~EOLFRRX FRLQFLGLUFRPR DRVXVXiULRV
DEULJDUDVDWLYLGDGHV SULYDGR FRQWUDWDQWHHP
KXPDQDV HGLILFDo}HVSULYDWLYDV

)RQWH(GLWDGRSHODDXWRUDFRPEDVHHP*XDUGDYLOOD  


1D GpFDGD GH  RV HVWXGRV VREUH PpWRGRV GH SURMHWR HVWDYDP EDVHDGRV QD LQWHQomR GH UHVROYHU
SUREOHPDV SRU PHLR GH XPD DERUGDJHP VLVWHPiWLFD H HILFLHQWH 9225'7 :(*(1   WHQGR FRPR
EDVH DV LQYHVWLJDo}HV GRV SURFHVVRV SURMHWXDLV IHLWDV GH PDQHLUD WHFQLFLVWD SRU SLRQHLURV FRPR -RQHV
  $OH[DQGHU    H /XFNPDQ   D SDUWLU GH GHFRPSRVLomR GH WDUHIDV H UHVROXomR GRV
SUREOHPDVVHSDUDGDPHQWH
1D GpFDGD GH  DV SHVTXLVDV FRPHoDUDP D DERUGDU TXHVW}HV VRFLDLV GRV DPELHQWHV HGLILFDGRV SRU
PHLR GR HVWXGR GRV PRUDGRUHV GRV ORFDLV H GR JHUHQFLDPHQWR GRV SURMHWRV FRP FRQWULEXLo}HV GH -RQJH
 6RPPHU  H&DQWHUH&UDLN  
1DGpFDGDGH $OH[DQGHU  GHVWDFRXVHFRPVHXVHVWXGRVSURMHWXDLVEDVHDGRVHPSDGU}HVH
VREUHRFLFORSURMHWXDODQiOLVHVtQWHVHDYDOLDomR 9225'7:(*(1 



58
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

'HVLJQ3DUWLFLSDWLYR
6HJXQGR$VDUR  H0XOOHU  RGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRWUDWDRXVXiULRFRPRPHVPRYDORUGDGRDXP
HVSHFLDOLVWD GR SURMHWR SDUWLFLSDQGR GHVGH R SODQHMDPHQWR DWp D SURWRWLSDJHP SRLV GHIHQGHVH TXH R
XVXiULRFRQKHFHFRPRQLQJXpPVXDSUySULDURWLQDGHWUDEDOKRXVRHYLYrQFLDHPGHWHUPLQDGRDPELHQWHRX
HGLILFDomR
2DWRGHSDUWLFLSDUSRGHVHUGHILQLGRFRPR
3UiWLFD VRFLDO QD TXDO RV LQWHUORFXWRUHV GHWrP FRQKHFLPHQWRV TXH DSHVDU GH GLIHUHQWHV
GHYHP VHU LQWHJUDGRV 4XH R FRQKHFLPHQWR QmR SHUWHQFH VRPHQWH D TXHP SDVVRX SHOR
SURFHVVR GH HGXFDomR IRUPDO HOH p LQHUHQWH D WRGR VHU KXPDQR 4XH VH XPD SHVVRD p
FDSD] GH SHQVDU D VXD H[SHULrQFLD HOD WDPEpP p FDSD] GH SURGX]LU FRQKHFLPHQWR 4XH
SDUWLFLSDUpUHSHVDURVHXVDEHUHPFRQIURQWRFRPRXWURVVDEHUHV3DUWLFLSDUpID]HUµFRP¶H
QmRµSDUD¶ 7(1Ï5,2S 
8P GRV GHVDILRV GR GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR p VXD FDSDFLGDGH GH PRWLYDU DV SHVVRDV D VH HQYROYHUHP QR
GHOLQHDPHQWRGRIXWXUR,VWRQRVOHYDDDSUR[LPDomRFRPRVSULQFtSLRVGR'HVLJQ6FLHQFH 6,021 H
GR&RQVWUXFWLYH'HVLJQ5HVHDUFK .26.,1(1HWDO 
%KOHU   GHVWDFD TXH FRPXPHQWH RV XVXiULRV VmR FRQYLGDGRV D SDUWLFLSDU GH SURFHVVRV GH GHVLJQ
VRPHQWH TXDQGR DV HWDSDV SULQFLSDLV Mi IRUDP GHVHQYROYLGDV DSHQDV SDUD DYDOLDU RX SDUD LQWHUYLU HP
DVSHFWRV VHFXQGiULRV GRV DUWHIDWRV $ SDUWLFLSDomR JHUDOPHQWH DFRQWHFH HP JUXSRV GH UHIHUrQFLD VHP
UHPXQHUDomRRXFRQWUDSDUWLGD5DUDPHQWHRVXVXiULRVVmRFRQYLGDGRVDSDUWLFLSDUGHSURFHVVRVGHGHVLJQ
HPHVWiJLRVLQLFLDLVRXGHWRGRRSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQGHXPDUWHIDWRDVVXPLQGRXPSDSHOIXQGDPHQWDOGH
JHUDomRGHLGHLDV(PFRQWUDSDUWLGDRVXVXiULRVIUHTXHQWHPHQWHUHFODPDPGHSURMHWRVPDOHODERUDGRVRX
LQHILFLHQWHV TXH DSUHVHQWDP VpULRV SUREOHPDV GH LQDGHTXDomR RX PiV FRQGLo}HV GH XVR (VVH p XP
FHQiULRTXHLQVSLUDPXGDQoDVQRVHQWLGRGHDSUR[LPDUXVXiULRVILQDLVGHDUTXLWHWRVHGHVLJQHUVHPSUROGH
GHVHQYROYHUVLVWHPDVSURMHWRHDUWHIDWRVPDLVHILFLHQWHVHSUy[LPRVGDVUHDLVQHFHVVLGDGHVHGHVHMRVGRV
XVXiULRV
$R FRQWUiULR GR TXH RFRUUH QR PHUFDGR R GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR YLVD SHUPLWLU TXH SHVVRDV GLUHWDPHQWH
DIHWDGDV XVXiULRV ILQDLV  SRU GHFLV}HV SRVVDP SDUWLFLSDU GRV SURFHVVRV GH HODERUDomR GH LGHLDV RX DR
PHQRV LQIOXHQFLDU R SURFHVVR GH WRPDGD GH GHFLV}HV GH PRGR VLJQLILFDWLYR %h+/(5   'HVVD
PDQHLUD HVWDEHOHFHVH XPD SODWDIRUPD LQWHUDWLYD GH WURFD GH H[SHULrQFLDV H GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH QRYDV
LGHLDVSDUDVROXFLRQDUSUREOHPDVHSURSRUVROXo}HVPDLVFULDWLYDV
5HFRPHQGDVHDDGRomRGHDOJXQVSULQFtSLRVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRSDUDSURMHWRVGHTXDOTXHUQDWXUH]DRV
TXDLVGHYHP
x VHU EDVHDGRV HP SDUFHULD RIHUHFHU QtYHLV GH LJXDOGDGH H UHVSHLWR P~WXR DWLWXGHV FRRSHUDWLYDV
FRPSDUWLOKDPHQWR GH GLUHLWRV UHVSRQVDELOLGDGHV H LQIOXrQFLDV ULVFRV H EHQHItFLRV HQWUH RV SDUFHLURV ²
XVXiULRVHQmRXVXiULRV)RFDUHPVROXo}HVQmRHPSUREOHPDV
x UHFRQKHFHU TXH RV XVXiULRV DWXDP FRPR UHSUHVHQWDQWHV GH XP JUXSRLQVWLWXLomR H QmR DSHQDV FRPR
SHVVRDVFRPLGHLDVLQGLYLGXDLV
x GHILQLU DFHVVLELOLGDGH FRPR XP SULQFtSLR RV UHFXUVRV PDWHULDLV FRPXQLFDo}HV H DFRUGRV SUHFLVDP VHU
GLVSRQLELOL]DGRVSDUDWRGRVLJXDOPHQWH
x FRQVLGHUDU TXH RV SDUWLFLSDQWHV DVVXPHP UHVSRQVDELOLGDGH FRP D TXDOLGDGH GR SURMHWR DWLWXGHV SRVLWLYDV
SDUDFRPDHTXLSHUHVSHLWRFRPSURPHWLPHQWRRIHUHFLPHQWRGHKDELOLGDGHVDFHLWDomRGHUHJUDVTXDQWRD
SUD]RVFXPSULPHQWRGHWDUHIDVHFRQILGHQFLDOLGDGH
x HQYROYHURVXVXiULRVGHVGHRLQtFLRGRSURMHWRGHVGHDVLGHLDVLQLFLDLVPpWRGRVHWpFQLFDVDWpDILQDOL]DomR
GDVSURSRVWDVHDYDOLDomR
$WWDLDQHVHH'XFD  DSUHVHQWDUDPXPDPHWRGRORJLDGHLQWHUYHQomRQRDPELHQWHFRQVWUXtGREDVHDGD
QD QRUPD WpFQLFD LQWHUQDFLRQDO ,62    GH SURMHWR FHQWUDGR QR VHU KXPDQR (VVD QRUPD IRL
DWXDOL]DHPSDUDD,62  HFRQVLGHUDTXHRGHVLJQHQYROYHDH[SHULrQFLDGRVXVXiULRV
RV LPSDFWRV RUJDQL]DFLRQDLV D UHXQLmR GH EDVHV GRFXPHQWDLV GRV XVXiULRV SRQWRV IRUWHV OLPLWDo}HV
SUHIHUrQFLDVHH[SHFWDWLYDVGHDFRUGRFRPDVDWLYLGDGHVGHPDQGDGDVHUHDOL]DGDVSHORVXVXiULRV
8PSURMHWRGHHGLILFDomRFHQWUDGRQRVHUKXPDQRGHYHULDVHUFDUDFWHUL]DGRSRUXPSDVVRDSDVVRFtFOLFR
UHODFLRQDQGR D LQWHUDWLYLGDGH GRV XVXiULRV FRP RV UHTXLVLWRV H SHUIRUPDQFHV GD HGLILFDomR (VVD
DERUGDJHP SRGH JDUDQWLU D DGHTXDomR GD HGLILFDomR jV DWLYLGDGHV GHVHPSHQKDGDV SHORV XVXiULRV HP
WHPSRUHDO$PHWRGRORJLDGHSURMHWREDVHDGDHPUHTXLVLWRVHUJRQ{PLFRVSURSRVWDSRU$WWDLDQHVHH'XFD
 VHJXHXPDVHTXrQFLDGHVHWHHWDSDVGHVFULWDVDVHJXLUQR4XDGUR

59
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

(VVD PHWRGRORJLD SURSRVWD SDUHFH VHU SDUWLFXODUPHQWH DSURSULDGD SDUD R SURMHWR GH DPELHQWHV $V
H[SHFWDWLYDV GRV XVXiULRV WRPDP XPD SRVLomR GH LPSRUWkQFLD QHVVH SURFHVVR GDGD D H[SHFWDWLYD GH
UHQRYDomRGDVVXDVYLGDVHGRVVHXVDPELHQWHVGHWUDEDOKRSRGHQGRDXPHQWDUDSHUFHSomRGDTXDOLGDGH
GHVVHVHVSDoRVDSyVDLQWHUYHQomRSURMHWXDO0HVPRFRQVLGHUDQGRHVVDVHWDSDVFRPRIXQGDPHQWDOPHQWH
PDLV GHWDOKDGDV VREUH R SURFHVVR SURMHWXDO DLQGD DVVLP QmR VmR FODUDPHQWH LQIOXHQFLDGDV SHOR GHVLJQ
SDUWLFLSDWLYR

4XDGUR(WDSDVGHSURMHWDomRHUJRQ{PLFD
(WDSD 'HVFULomR
 'HVLJQEULHILQJFROHWDGHGDGRVVREUHRVREMHWLYRVIXQFLRQDLVHRFRQWH[WRDPELHQWDO
 (ODERUDomRGRVSHUILVGHXVXiULRVHDMXVWHHPJUXSRV
 $QiOLVHGHWDUHIDVLGHQWLILFDomRGRVFHQiULRVGDVWDUHIDVHGHVFULomRGRVXVRVGRVVXEFHQiULRV
GDHGLILFDomRSHORVXVXiULRV
 (ODERUDomRGHUHTXLVLWRVSDUDDGDSWDomRjVQHFHVVLGDGHVH[SHFWDWLYDVGRVXVXiULRVHJUXSRV
 'HWDOKDPHQWRDUTXLWHW{QLFRHLPSOHPHQWDomRGRVUHTXLVLWRVSUpGHILQLGRV
 9DOLGDomRGDVVROXo}HVHPGHVLJQ
 0RQLWRUDPHQWRGDVSHUIRUPDQFHVGRVXVXiULRVQRXVRGDHGLILFDomR
)RQWH7UDGX]LGRGH$WWDLDQHVHH'XFD

5HVJDWDQGR *XDUGDYLOOD   TXH GHVFUHYHX HP GHWDOKHV D UHODomR HQWUH HVSDoR H DWLYLGDGHV GRV
XVXiULRV GHVFUHYHPRV DTXL D LPSRUWkQFLD GH DVVRFLDU R SURMHWR GR DPELHQWH GH DSUHQGL]DJHP jV
DWLYLGDGHVTXHVHGHVHMDDEULJDUFRQWULEXLQGRFRPDVXDSOHQDUHDOL]DomR
*XDUGDYLOOD  S   GHILQH ³(VSDoR GH DWLYLGDGH p XP HVSDoR RFXSDGR SRU XPD DWLYLGDGH RX
DJUHJDGR D XPD DWLYLGDGH RX VREUHSRVWR D XPD DWLYLGDGH GHVORFDGR GR WHPSR´ 2X VHMD HP TXDOTXHU
DPELHQWHRXHVSDoRItVLFRSHQVDGRSRUXPSURILVVLRQDOSDUDDEULJDUSHVVRDVH[LVWHPDWLYLGDGHVTXHGHYHP
VHU WRWDOPHQWH FRQVLGHUDGDV D ILP GH TXH HVWH DPELHQWH SRVVD FRUUHVSRQGHU jV QHFHVVLGDGHV SUHYLVWDV
(VWD LQIRUPDomR TXH FRODERUD FRP D IXQFLRQDOLGDGH H D VDWLVIDomR HP UHODomR DR DPELHQWH Vy SRGH VHU
FRPSUHHQGLGDHPVXDPDLRULDFRPDSDUWLFLSDomRFODUDGRVXVXiULRVILQDLV
$VVLPGHYHVHGHILQLURTXHpHVSDoRGHDWLYLGDGHDOX]GDLPSRUWkQFLDGHXPDDERUGDJHPHUJRQ{PLFD
TXHIRFDVHXVSULQFtSLRVQDUHODomRSHVVRDDWLYLGDGHDPELHQWH(VWHFRQFHLWRHQYROYHDSUHYLVmRGHHVSDoR
QHFHVViULR H DFHVVtYHO  QR TXDO D DWLYLGDGH SRGH VHU UHDOL]DGD VHJXQGR DV GLPHQV}HV GH WRGRV RV
HOHPHQWRV FRPSRQHQWHV GR HVSDoR LQGLYLGXDO HVWDomR GH WUDEDOKR  FLUFXODomR  DV IRUPDV GH XVR
SRVWXUDV KXPDQDV TXH VmR DGRWDGDV QR H[HUFtFLR GDTXHOD DWLYLGDGH &RPR H[HPSOR D GHILQLomR GD ]RQD
LQGLYLGXDO GH WUDEDOKR QXPD VDOD GH DXOD p FRPSRVWD SRU XPD FDGHLUD XPD PHVD HVSDoR GH FLUFXODomR
LQGLYLGXDO )LJXUD 
)LJXUD(VSDoRGHDWLYLGDGHGRHVWXGDQWHHPVDODGHDXOD


)RQWH$DXWRUD

60
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

1RWHVH TXHHPXPDVDODGHDXODSRGHPFRH[LVWLU GLIHUHQWHVWLSRVGHHVSDoRGHDWLYLGDGHV H SRU LVVR R


HVSDoRGHDWLYLGDGHVLQGLYLGXDOGHYHSURSRUFLRQDUDPDLRUJDPDGHDo}HVHVLWXDo}HVSRVVtYHLVGXUDQWHR
XVRGHXPDSHVVRDQDTXHOHDPELHQWHFRQVWUXtGR

4XDQGRRFOLHQWHQmRFRUUHVSRQGHDRXVXiULRILQDO"
%RDSDUWHGRVSURMHWRVGHDUTXLWHWXUDRXGHVLJQGHLQWHULRUHVGHVWLQDGRVDLQVWLWXLo}HVVHUYLoRVHFRPpUFLR
GHXVRFROHWLYR RXS~EOLFRpHQFRPHQGDGDD DUTXLWHWRVHGHVLJQHUVSRUJHVWRUHVHFOLHQWHVLQVWLWXFLRQDLV
TXHQmRVmRRVXVXiULRVILQDLV$VVLPDDUTXLWHWXUDS~EOLFDGHHVFRODVIDFXOGDGHVKRVSLWDLVVKRSSLQJVH
DHURSRUWRV SRU H[HPSOR p SURMHWDGD SRU SURILVVLRQDLV TXH WrP SRXFR FRQWDWR FRP RV XVXiULRV GH VXDV
HGLILFDo}HV /$:621 
'HVVD IRUPD DIDOWD GH FRPXQLFDomR HQWUH SURMHWLVWDV H XVXiULRV ILQDLV WRUQDVH XPD ODFXQD QHP VHPSUH
SHUFHELGDSHORVSURMHWLVWDVTXHSHQVDPHVWDUID]HQGRXPSURMHWRWRWDOPHQWHDGHTXDGRDRVVHXVXVXiULRV
ILQDLV 2 IOX[R GH SURMHWRV VLPXOWkQHRV H D QHFHVVLGDGH GH FXPSULU SUD]RV OLPLWDP RV SURILVVLRQDLV HP
HWDSDV GH SHVTXLVD SUpYLD D FRQVXOWDU UHIHUrQFLDV GH WHUFHLURV FRPR SVLFyORJRV DPELHQWDLV VRFLyORJRV
SURMHWRVVLPLODUHVHHUJRQRPLVWDVDSUHVHQWDQGRSRXFDVIRUPDVGHDOLPHQWDUVHXVSURMHWRV
3URMHWDU GH IRUPD D DWHQGHU jV QHFHVVLGDGHV GRV XVXiULRV QmR VLJQLILFD SURMHWDU GLUHWDPHQWH FRP RV
XVXiULRV QmR Ki GLIHUHQoD HVVHQFLDO HQWUH HVVDV GXDV DERUGDJHQV PHWRGROyJLFDV $ SULPHLUD WUDWD GH
SURMHWDUFRPIRFRQRDWHQGLPHQWRHQDVDWLVIDomRGRVXVXiULRV RSURMHWLVWDWUDEDOKDVR]LQKRRXFRPXPD
HTXLSH GH RXWURV SURILVVLRQDLV  PDV UHDOL]DU XP SURMHWR GH 'HVLJQ 3DUWLFLSDWLYR VLJQLILFD HQYROYHU RV
XVXiULRV GHVGH R LQtFLR QR SURMHWR FRPR DJHQWH DWLYR FRP SRGHU GH LQWHUYHQomR GLUHWD QDV GHFLV}HV
SURMHWXDLV
(VVHQFLDOPHQWH XP SURMHWR RX DUWHIDWR GHVHQYROYLGR FRP EDVH QR GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR UHODFLRQD D
LQWHUDWLYLGDGH GRV XVXiULRV FRP R DWHQGLPHQWR GH UHTXLVLWRV GR SURMHWR H D SHUIRUPDQFH GR DUWHIDWR
HODERUDGR FRPR XPD WUtDGH )LJXUD   ,VVR SHUPLWH DQWHYHU HUURV H LQDGHTXDo}HV IXWXUDV TXH SRGHULDP
QmRVHUSHUFHELGRVSHORVSURMHWLVWDVGXUDQWHXPSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQFRQYHQFLRQDO.
)LJXUD)XQGDPHQWRVGRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRXVXiULRVQRSURFHVVRWUDQVSDUrQFLDFULDWLYDHUHTXLVLWRVSURMHWXDLVFODURV

)RQWH6DUPHQWRH*RPHV  

61
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

2 JUXSR GH WRGDV DV SHVVRDV HQYROYLGDV QXP GHWHUPLQDGR SUREOHPD p GHQRPLQDGR QR GHVLJQ FRPR
VWDNHKROGHUV3DUDDWLQJLUHHQYROYHUWRGDVHVVDVSHVVRDVpSUHFLVRXVDUXPDOLQJXDJHPFRPXPDILPGH
TXH DV LGHLDV SRVVDP IOXLU GH PRGR QDWXUDO H GLDOyJLFR 5HVJDWDQGR 6WLFNGRUQ H 6FKQHLGHU   D
SDUWLFLSDomRGHXVXiULRVHPHWDSDVGHFULDomRWHPDFKDQFHGHDJUHJDUYDORUDRSURMHWRSRLVTXDQWRPDLV
HQYROYLGR HOH HVWLYHU PDLRU VDWLVIDomR HOH GHPRQVWUDUi QR XVR GRV DUWHIDWRV VHUYLoRV RX DPELHQWHV
SURMHWDGRV
+LVWRULFDPHQWHDDGRomRGRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRHPSURMHWRVGHGLYHUVDVQDWXUH]DVLPSOLFD
x $ JHVWmR GR SURFHVVR GH GHVLJQ TXDQWR DRV DVSHFWRV GH FRQWUROH H SRGHU VXEGLYLGLQGR HQWUH
GHVLJQHUVHXVXiULRVGHFLV}HVVREUHTXHPGHILQHUHDOPHQWHDVVROXo}HVHVSHFLDOPHQWHHPFDVR
GHGLYHUJrQFLDVGHLGHLDV
x $ SDUWLFLSDomR GH XVXiULRV FRP KDELOLGDGHV HVSHFLDLV PDLV IRFDGDV QR GHVLJQ R TXH SRGH
FRQWULEXLUPXLWRFRPDVVROXo}HVJHUDGDVGHYHQGRVHUYDORUL]DGDHDSURYHLWDGDHPGHWDOKHV
7DPEpP GHYHPRV FRQVLGHUDU TXH FRPHoDU D GHVHQYROYHU XP SURMHWR EDVHDGR HP 'HVLJQ 3DUWLFLSDWLYR
LPSOLFDQHFHVVDULDPHQWHHP
x (QWHQGHU R GHVLJQ FRPR SURFHVVR QR TXDO VH GHVHQYROYH XPD OLQJXDJHP SURMHWXDO FRPXP HQWUH
XVXiULRVHGHVLJQHUVSDUDLVVRRVGHVLJQHUVGHYHPSDVVDULQIRUPDo}HVDRVXVXiULRVDILPGHTXH
HVWHVSRVVDPGHVHQYROYHUKDELOLGDGHVSURMHWXDLVFRQWULEXLQGRDVVLPFRPDVVROXo}HV
x &RPSDUWLOKDULQIRUPDo}HVWpFQLFDVWUDGLFLRQDLVQmRp VXILFLHQWHSDUDDSULPRUDURHQJDMDPHQWRGRV
XVXiULRV QR SURFHVVR GH 'HVLJQ 3DUWLFLSDWLYR PDV VLP GHYHVH WRUQDU R SURFHVVR SDUWLFLSDWLYR D
PHOKRUIRUPDGHGLVFXWLUHFULDUH[SHULrQFLDVGHFRPSDUWLOKDPHQWRGHVROXo}HV
x $SUHQGHUID]HQGR RXGHVLJQE\GRLQJ R TXH SHUPLWHTXH PRFNXSVHSURWyWLSRVVHMDPXWLOL]DGRV
SDUDTXHXVXiULRVFRPXQVSRVVDPXVDUVXDVKDELOLGDGHVSUiWLFDVHQTXDQWRSDUWLFLSDPGRSURFHVVR
GHGHVLJQ
x &RQVFLHQWL]DUVH TXH 'HVLJQ 3DUWLFLSDWLYR p XP SURFHVVR GH DSUHQGL]DJHP SRU PHLR GR TXDO
GHVLJQHUVHXVXiULRVDSUHQGHPPXWXDPHQWH
x $GPLWLU TXH DWLYDU D FULDWLYLGDGH GHSHQGH GH XP FRPSRUWDPHQWR TXH HVWHMD DEHUWR D WHVWDU LGHLDV
PDVWDPEpPDFRPSUHHQGHUWUDGLo}HVHDHVWDEHOHFHUXPGLiORJRHQWUHWUDGLFLRQDOHLQRYDGRU
x &RPSUHHQGHUTXH'HVLJQ3DUWLFLSDWLYRLPSOLFDDGRWDUXPDFXOWXUDXPDIRUPDGHUHODFLRQDPHQWRH
XPD OLQJXDJHP SUySULD H FRPSDUWLOKDGD SHUPLWLQGR DR XVXiULR SDUWLFLSDU GR GHVLJQ H DR GHVLJQHU
SDUWLFLSDUGRXVR
3RUWDQWRSDUDLQWHUYLUQRDPELHQWHFRQVWUXtGR TXHUGHLQVWLWXLo}HVGHHPSUHVDVRXGHSRQWRVFRPHUFLDLV 
H[LJHTXHRSURILVVLRQDO YHQKDDFRQKHFHUHPGHWDOKHVDUHDOLGDGHYLYHQFLDGD SHORVGLIHUHQWHVXVXiULRV
WRUQDQGRRVSDUFHLURVQRVSURFHVVRVGHLQWHUYHQomRGHVGHRLQtFLRGDLGHQWLILFDomRGRVSUREOHPDV
7pFQLFDVHIHUUDPHQWDVDSOLFDGDVDSURMHWRVSDUWLFLSDWLYRV
3RGHPRV FRPSUHHQGHU DV HWDSDV HOHPHQWDUHV GH XP SURMHWR DGDSWDQGR DV WHRULDV GH %D[WHU  
%RPILP   6WLFNGRUQ H 6FKQHLGHU   H 3D]PLQR   SDUD XP SURMHWR GH XP DUWHIDWR VHMD XP
REMHWRXPVLVWHPDRXXPDPELHQWH 4XDGUR 
$SDUWLUGHVVDVH[SHULrQFLDVpSRVVtYHOHODERUDUXPDVtQWHVHSURFHVVXDOGHHWDSDVGHQWURGRSURFHVVRGH
GHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRDSOLFDGRDRSURMHWRGHDPELHQWHVVHMDLQWHUQRRXH[WHUQR

4XDGUR(WDSDVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRDVVRFLDGRVDSURMHWRGHDPELHQWHVGHXVRS~EOLFR
([SORUDomR &ULDomR 5HIOH[mR ,PSOHPHQWDomR
   
(QWHQGHUDFXOWXUDODV *HUDULGHLDVDOWHUQDWLYDVHP 7HVWDULGHLDVGHVHQYROYLGDV (IHWLYDomRGDVLGHLDVH
SHVVRDVRVOXJDUHVDV EXVFDGDPHOKRUVROXomR SRUPHLRGHSURWyWLSRVFRP H[HFXomRGDVDo}HVQR
DWLYLGDGHVHDVH[SHULrQFLDV XVXiULRVREWHQGRH DPELHQWHUHDO
SDUDLQYHVWLJDUSUREOHPDVH UHJLVWUDQGRIHHGEDFNV
VLWXDo}HV

$RVHDVVRFLDUFRP'HVLJQ3DUWLFLSDWLYR
   
7RUQDUDH[SORUDomRXP $WpFQLFDGHRILFLQDV ,QFHQWLYDURHQJDMDPHQWRHD ,QFHQWLYDUDRVXVXiULRVD

62
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

SURFHVVRGHDQiOLVH SDUWLFLSDWLYDVpDSOLFDGDHP HPLVVmRGHRSLQL}HVFODUDV UHDOL]DomRGHSHUFXUVRV


FRQVFLHQWHSRUSDUWHGRV JUXSRVSHTXHQRVHPpGLRV VREUHRVSURWyWLSRVJHUDGRV ItVLFRVDILPGHTXHSRVVDP
XVXiULRVDXPHQWDQGRRQtYHO HQWUHHSHVVRDV 2 $SURWRWLSDJHPGHDPELHQWHV HPLWLURSLQL}HVVREUHDQRYD
GHSDUWLFLSDomRGHOHV GHVLJQHURXDUTXLWHWRWUDEDOKD FRQVWUXtGRVHPDOWDILGHOLGDGH HGLILFDomRFRQVWUXtGDRXHP
UHDOL]DPVHRILFLQDVRX QRSDSHOGHPHGLDGRU SRUPHLRGHUHFXUVRVGH IDVHGHFRQVWUXomRQDTXDO
ZRUNVKRSVFRPRVVXMHLWRV FRQGX]LQGRDRILFLQDSRUXP UHDOLGDGHYLUWXDOFRPD DLQGDpSRVVtYHOID]HU
DPSOLDQGRRXGHWDOKDQGRD SHUtRGRGHDWpXPDKRUD ILQDOLGDGHGHDQWHFLSDU DOWHUDo}HVSDUDPHOKRULDVHP
FRPSUHHQVmRVREUHRV eLPSRUWDQWHXWLOL]DU DYDOLDo}HVTXHVRPHQWH IXQFLRQDOLGDGHHXVDELOLGDGH
SUREOHPDVDQDOLVDGRVHD IHUUDPHQWDVGHIiFLO VHULDPSRVVtYHLVDSyVD 0HVPRHPSURMHWRVEHP
EXVFDSRUDOWHUQDWLYDV FRPSUHHQVmRHOLQJXDJHP FRQVWUXomRGDVHGLILFDo}HV HODERUDGRVSRGHKDYHU
LQRYDGRUDV FRPDVTXDLVVHMDSRVVtYHO $SDUWLFLSDomRGRVXVXiULRVp SHTXHQRVHUURVGHFLUFXODomR
DRVXVXiULRVGLVFXWLUH LPSRUWDQWHSDUDTXHHOHV VXEGLPHQVLRQDPHQWR
HODERUDUSURSRVWDVGHIiFLO SRVVDPHPLWLURSLQLmRVREUH SHUFHSomRGHQRYRVXVRVTXH
YLVXDOL]DomRHUHSUHVHQWDomR DVSURSRVWDVDSUHVHQWDGDV SRGHPVHULQFRUSRUDGRVQR
VHMDSRUPHLRGHGHVHQKRRX UHDOL]DQGRDVVLPDYDOLGDomR GHFRUUHUGRSURFHVVR
GHPRGHORVItVLFRV GDVLGHLDVJHUDGDV FRQVWUXWLYR9LVLWDVHPFDPSR
&RPSUHHQGHUXPSURMHWR DFRPSDQKDGDVGRVFOLHQWHV
DUTXLWHW{QLFRSDUHFHXPD HRXSRVVtYHLVXVXiULRV
DWLYLGDGHFRJQLWLYDVLPSOHV SRGHPJHUDULGHLDVDLQGDQmR
PDVQmRVmRUDURVRVFDVRV SHUFHELGDV
HPTXHFOLHQWHVHDUTXLWHWRV
UHODWDPHSLVyGLRVGHPi
FRPSUHHQVmRGDVLGHLDVGH
XPSURMHWR(UURVGH
LQWHUSUHWDomRGHXPSURMHWR
SRGHPOHYDUjQHFHVVLGDGHGH
FRUUHo}HVIXWXUDVPHVPRMi
KDYHQGRFRPHoDGRDREUDGH
LQWHUYHQomRRXDSURGXomRGR
PRELOLiULRSURMHWDGR
)HUUDPHQWDVVXJHULGDV
   
'HVHQYROYLPHQWRGH :RUNVKRSSDUWLFLSDWLYR $QLPDomRHPUHDOLGDGH :DONWKRXJK
SHUVRQDVEUDLQVWRUPLQJ GHVHQYROYLPHQWRGH YLUWXDOVWRU\WHOOLQJQDUUDWLYDV JUDYDomRGHYtGHRVHiXGLRV
FHQiULRVPDSDVPHQWDLV PDTXHWHVGHVHQKRVH YLUWXDLVFRPXVRGHJUXSRV HPYLVLWDVDREUDV
ZDONWKURXJK FRODJHQVDVVRFLDomRGH IRFDLVSDUDHPLVVmRGH
 SDODYUDVHVHQWLPHQWRV RSLQL}HVHPJUXSRRX
2VSDUWLFLSDQWHVGHYHP LQGLYLGXDLV
UHFHEHUXPWRRONLW RX
FRQMXQWR  ILJXUDE GH
IHUUDPHQWDVHPDWHULDLVTXH
VmRHOHPHQWRVRUJDQL]DGRVGH
IRUPDFRQYHQLHQWHSDUD
DX[LOLDURVXVXiULRVD
H[SUHVVDUHPSHQVDPHQWRV
VHQWLPHQWRVHVRQKRV

5HVXOWDGRVSUHYLVWRV
   
2EVHUYDomR HUHJLVWURGDV 2QDVFLPHQWRGRSURMHWRRX $PDGXUHFLPHQWRGRSURMHWRD 8VRPDLVHILFLHQWHH
UHODo}HVHQWUHDVSHVVRDVR FRQMXQWRGHVROXo}HVTXH ILPGHTXHHUURVVLPSOHVH VDWLVIDWyULRSRUXVXiULRV
FRQWH[WRQRTXDOHVWmRRV YLVDPPHOKRUDUDVLWXDomR LQFRQVLVWrQFLDVSRVVDPVHU GLYHUVRVDWHQGLPHQWRSOHQRD
HYHQWRVDVDWLYLGDGHVTXH SUREOHPDFRQVLGHUDQGRD UHVROYLGDVDLQGDQDHWDSD UHTXLVLWRVSURMHWXDLV
UHDOL]DPHRVHOHPHQWRVFRP UHDOLGDGHSHVTXLVDGDDV SURMHWXDODQWHVGDFRQVWUXomR HVVHQFLDLVFRPRFRQIRUWR
RVTXDLVLQWHUDJHP UHVWULo}HVLPSRVWDVSHOR DPELHQWDOHHUJRQ{PLFR
DVH[SUHVV}HVGDVHPRo}HV FRQWH[WRDGLVSRQLELOLGDGHGH DFHVVLELOLGDGHPRELOLGDGH
GDVSHVVRDVDVQHFHVVLGDGHV UHFXUVRVH[LVWHQWHVVHMDP GLPHQVLRQDPHQWRDGHTXDomR
HRVGHVHMRVODWHQWHV PDWHULDLVHTXLSDPHQWRVRX HQWUHDWLYLGDGHDPELHQWH
.HQVLQJH%ORPEHUJ   PmRGHREUDGLVSRQtYHLVa SURMHWDGRREVHUYDomRGH
0DUWLQH+DQLQJWRQ   HUURVQmRSUHYLVWRVSDUD
HODERUDomRGHXPEULHILQJGR
6DQGHUV  6DQGHUVH DOLPHQWDUQRYRVSURMHWRVH
FRQFHLWRGRSURMHWRDWpD
6WDSSHUV  %ORPEHUJHW LQFRQVLVWrQFLDVHP
FKHJDGDDRVSULPHLURV
DO  3UHHFHHWDO HVSHFLILFDo}HVHPDWHULDLV
HVERoRV
 *LO  
)RQWH$DXWRUD


6HJXLQGR DV PDFURHWDSDV R SURMHWLVWD HRX VXD HTXLSH SRGHP VHOHFLRQDU IHUUDPHQWDV H WpFQLFDV TXH
YLVDP DX[LOLDU D LQWHUDomR R HQJDMDPHQWR H D HODERUDomR GH LGHLDV IRUQHFLPHQWR GH VXJHVW}HV
FRQKHFLPHQWR GRV SUREOHPDV YLYHQFLDGRV D ILP GH WRUQDU R SURFHVVR GH SURMHWDomR XPD DomR GH P~WXD
FRODERUDomR  $V IHUUDPHQWDV GHVFULWDV D VHJXLU VmR GH JUDQGH DX[tOLR SDUD TXH WDO LQWHUDomR SRVVD
DFRQWHFHU

63
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

x 6HOHomR YLVXDO  &RQKHFLGD SRU YLVXDO FXHV H DWp PHVPR SKRWR TXHVWLRQQDLUHV 6$12))   D WpFQLFD
SURYRFD D YHUEDOL]DomR GH MXOJDPHQWRV UHIHUHQWHV j FRQILJXUDomR ItVLFD GH DPELHQWHV LQWHUQRV H H[WHUQRV $
WpFQLFD SRGH VHU DSOLFDGD LVRODGDPHQWH RX HP FRQMXQWR FRP RXWURV LQVWUXPHQWRV SURPRYHQGR XP PHOKRU
HQWHQGLPHQWR GRV GDGRV REWLGRV 7HP FRPR IXQomR DX[LOLDU R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH SURMHWRV DUTXLWHW{QLFRV
SDUWLFLSDWLYRVSRLV FRQVLVWH QD DSUHVHQWDomR GHLPDJHQV SUHYLDPHQWHVHOHFLRQDGDV  GH DPELHQWHVVLPLODUHV
jTXHOHV YLYHQFLDGRV SHORV XVXiULRV H DWp PHVPR SURMHo}HV HP EXVFD GH YHULILFDU RV DVSHFWRV SRVLWLYRV H
QHJDWLYRVGHVVHVHVSDoRV6XDDSOLFDomRWHPFRPRREMHWLYRHVWLPXODUXVXiULRVDYHUEDOL]DUVXDVSUHIHUrQFLDV
SHUPLWLQGRLGHQWLILFDURVGHVHMRVHDQVHLRVGDVSHVVRDVUHODFLRQDGRVDRVHVSDoRV
x 3RHPD GRV GHVHMRV  GHVHQYROYLGD SRU 6DQRII   H XWLOL]DGD HP SHVTXLVDV GH DYDOLDomR GR DPELHQWH
HVFRODUGHHVFRODVQRUWHDPHULFDQDVHPSUHJDQGRR'HVLJQ3DUWLFLSDWLYReGHIiFLODSOLFDomRSRLVWUDWDVHGH
IRUQHFHUXPSDSHOHPEUDQFRFRPRVHJXLQWHWtWXOR(XJRVWDULDTXHPHXDPELHQWHIRVVHWLYHVVH(FRPHVVD
IHUUDPHQWDRXVXiULRSRGHVHH[SUHVVDUOLYUHPHQWHSRUPHLRGHWH[WRVLGHLDVHGHVHQKRVQRVTXDLVWUDQVPLWH
VXDVH[SHFWDWLYDVDRVSURMHWLVWDV
x :RUNVKRSGH'HVLJQ3DUWLFLSDWLYR±7pFQLFDHPTXHRFRUUHPDLRULQWHUDomRGRSURMHWLVWDFRPRVXVXiULRV
3RGHVHUDSOLFDGDHPJUXSRVSRUPHLRGDFRQGXomRGHXPPHGLDGRU SRGHQGRVHUXPWHUFHLUR QXPSHUtRGR
GHDWpXPDKRUD$UHDOL]DomRGHZRUNVKRSVSURSRUFLRQDDDSOLFDomRGHWpFQLFDVGHSURWRWLSDJHPFRPILQVGH
SURSRUFLRQDU DR XVXiULR LQWHUYLU HP WRGR R GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GR SURMHWR $V WpFQLFDV DSOLFDGDV EXVFDP JHUDU
LGHLDVHPUHODomRDDPELHQWHVLQRYDGRUHVeLGHDOGLYLGLUJUDQGHVJUXSRVHPVXEJUXSRVGHDWpSDUWLFLSDQWHV
H SODQHMDU R ZRUNVKRS HP UHODomR DR TXH VH GHVHMD REWHU FRPR UHVXOWDGR SRGHQGR OHYDU XP WRRONLW GH
PDWHULDLV H IHUUDPHQWDV SDUD TXH RV XVXiULRV SRVVDP GHVHQYROYHU LGHLDV HP PHLR WULGLPHQVLRQDO RX VHMD
SURGXomRGHPDTXHWHVFHQiULRVHGHVHQKRV
x 0DTXHWH GH0HVD WDPEpPFRQKHFLGDFRPR GHVNWRS ZDONWKURXJK  ± 7pFQLFD GHUHSUHVHQWDomR HVSDFLDO RX
SURWRWLSDJHPUiSLGDHPTXHVmRXWLOL]DGRVERQHFRVPyYHLVHTXLSDPHQWRVHRXWURVHOHPHQWRVFRPSRQHQWHV
GR HVSDoR SDUD GDU YLGD D XPD VLWXDomR RX FHQiULR DX[LOLDQGR QR GHVHQYROYLPHQWR GH SURWyWLSRV
67,&.'2516&+1(,'(5 

5HVXOWDGRVGDVDSOLFDo}HVSURMHWXDLVQDSUiWLFD
5HVXOWDGRVSUiWLFRVGHZRUNVKRSVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRSRGHPIRUQHFHULQIRUPDo}HVDLQGDQmRSHQVDGDV
SHODHTXLSHGHSURMHWRSRUPHLRGDLQWHUYHQomRH LPDJLQDomRGRVXVXiULRVILQDLV$VILJXUDV D H E 
GHPRQVWUDP JUXSRV IRFDLV GH HVWXGDQWHV GR HQVLQR PpGLR GHVHQYROYHQGR PDTXHWHV SRU PHLR GD
IHUUDPHQWD GH GHVNWRS ZDONWKURXJK 2V UHVXOWDGRV GDV PDTXHWHV DSRQWDUDP SURSRVWDV GRV HVWXGDQWHV
VREUH XPD VDOD GH DXOD PDLV EHP DGHTXDGD jV VXDV QHFHVVLGDGHV H SUHIHUrQFLDV FRP XVR GH QRYDV
WHFQRORJLDVGHDSUHQGL]DJHP$VHVWUDWpJLDVIRUDPDSOLFDGDVHPGXDVHVFRODVVHQGRXPDQD,WiOLDHXPD
QR %UDVLO 1R /LFHR 6WDWDOH 'RQ /RUHQ]R 0LODQL 1iSROHV ,WiOLD FRQWRXVH FRP D SDUWLFLSDomR GH 
HVWXGDQWHV GR ž DQR GR (QVLQR 0pGLR ILJXUD D  1D (VFROD 7pFQLFD &tFHUR 'LDV 5HFLIH %UDVLO R
ZRUNVKRSFRQWRXFRPDSDUWLFLSDomRGHHVWXGDQWHVGRžDQRGR(QVLQR0pGLR )LJXUDE 
)LJXUD(VWXGDQWHVUHDOL]DQGRDDWLYLGDGHGH0DTXHWH±1iSROHV D HHP5HFLIH E 

D   E 
)RQWH6DUPHQWR  

3RU PHLR GD DSOLFDomR GDV HWDSDV SURMHWXDLV GH 'HVLJQ 3DUWLFLSDWLYR p SRVVtYHO GHVHQYROYHU LQWHUYHQo}HV
HP DPELHQWHV GH DSUHQGL]DJHP HP HGLILFDo}HV GH XVR S~EOLFR FRPR HP HVFRODV FHQWURV FXOWXUDLV
PXVHXVURGRYLiULDVHVWDo}HVGHWUDQVSRUWHXUEDQRHQWUHRXWURVFRPRREMHWLYRGHGLUHFLRQDUPXGDQoDVH
DGHTXDo}HVGHQRYRVXVRVQRVHQWLGRGHDWHQGHUDRVEHPHVWDUHVSVLFROyJLFRHItVLFRGRVXVXiULRVILQDLV



64
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

)LJXUD2ILFLQDGH0DTXHWHGH0HVDUHDOL]DGDQD(VFROD(VWDGXDO7HRW{QLR9LOHODQR&HSDHP0DFHLy$/ D H7RRONLWGLVWULEXtGR
HPJUXSRVSDUDGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGDVDo}HVQRVZRUNVKRSVSDUWLFLSDWLYRV E 

 
)RQWH6DUPHQWRH5LEHLUR  

&RPR H[HPSOR GLVVR 6DUPHQWR H 5LEHLUR   GHVHQYROYHUDP XP WUDEDOKR GH HQJDMDPHQWR FRP
HVWXGDQWHV GR ž DQR GR (QVLQR )XQGDPHQWDO HP XPD HVFROD S~EOLFD GH 0DFHLy $ODJRDV $V DWLYLGDGHV
GHVHQYROYLGDV ILJXUD   REMHWLYDUDP SURSRU XPD LQWHUYHQomR HVSDFLDO QXPD iUHD LQXWLOL]DGD GD HVFROD R
TXLQWDO(VWHHVSDoRDSUHVHQWDYDPXLWRSRWHQFLDOGHXWLOL]DomRSRUSDUWHGHWRGDVDVWXUPDVPDVGLDQWHGDV
GLYHUVDVRSLQL}HVHSRXFRVUHFXUVRVIRUDPDSOLFDGDVIHUUDPHQWDVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRDILPGHFKHJDUD
XP UHVXOWDGR SURMHWXDO FRQVLVWHQWH H GHPRFUiWLFR 2 SURFHVVR GH FRQVWUXomR OHYRX  PHVHV H WURX[H
JDQKRV SURMHWXDLV TXH VH UHIOHWLUDP QXPD PHOKRULD GR LQWHUHVVH GRV HVWXGDQWHV SHOR DPELHQWH HVFRODU
SHUWHQFLPHQWR H FXLGDGR PDLRU FRP D HVFROD H HQWUH RV SDUHV 8P GRV WHPDV FHQWUDLV GHVVH SURMHWR IRL
LQWHUYLU QR TXLQWDO GD HVFROD FRPR IRUPD GH GHPRQVWUDU DSOLFDo}HV GRV FRQFHLWRV GH VXVWHQWDELOLGDGH
DPELHQWDO3RULVVRPDWHULDLVUHFLFODGRVIRUDPXWLOL]DGRVSDUDSURGX]LUPDTXHWHVHRVPyYHLV
(PDSyVDSDQGHPLDGHFRYLGIXQFLRQiULRVGHXPDLQVWLWXLomRS~EOLFDGH0DFHLyGHPRQVWUDUDP
LQWHUHVVH HP GHVHQYROYHU XP ZRUNVKRS SDUWLFLSDWLYR )LJXUD   H FRP EDVH QHVVD UHDOL]DomR IRL SRVVtYHO
DSOLFDU WDLV WpFQLFDV H IHUUDPHQWDV HP DPELHQWHV GH WUDEDOKR H GH DWHQGLPHQWR DR S~EOLFR FRPSURYDQGR
DVVLPTXHHVVHPpWRGRVHDSOLFDDJUXSRVVRFLDLVPDLVGLYHUVRVHPIRUPDomRHLQWHUHVVHVFRPGLIHUHQWHV
LGDGHVPDVTXHREMHWLYDPREWHUXPORFDOPDLVFRQIRUWiYHOHDGHTXDGRSDUDGHVHQYROYHUHPVXDVDWLYLGDGHV
GHWUDEDOKRIRUPDO
)LJXUD:RUNVKRSGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRGHVHQYROYLGRHPLQVWLWXLomRS~EOLFDGHWUDEDOKRHDWHQGLPHQWRDRS~EOLFR

 
)RQWH$DXWRUD

65
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

(PWRGDVDVVLWXDo}HVUHJLVWUDGDVDFLPDRVXVXiULRVHODERUDUDPLGHLDVSDUDDSULPRUDPHQWRGHDPELHQWHV
TXHXWLOL]DPQRFRWLGLDQR(VVHFRQKHFLPHQWRGRDPELHQWHYLYHQFLDGRSHUPLWHDHOHVH[SRUFDUDFWHUtVWLFDV
GR DPELHQWH FRQVWUXtGR TXH VmR SHUFHELGDV SRU PHLR GD YLYrQFLD H GRV KiELWRV GH XVR GRV JUXSRV
UHYHODQGRVHQHVVHVPRPHQWRVXPDH[SHULrQFLDULFDGHWURFDGHLQIRUPDo}HVHQWUHRVPHPEURVGDHTXLSH
WpFQLFDGHWUDEDOKR
&RQVLGHUDQGR DV HVWUDWpJLDV SURMHWXDLV DSUHVHQWDGDV DQWHULRUPHQWH R TXDGUR D VHJXLU GHPRQVWUD HVVH
SURFHVVRSRUPHLRGHXPHVTXHPDVLPSOHVQRTXDOSHUFHEHPRVDVLQWHUYHQo}HVSRVVtYHLVFRPRVDJHQWHV
HQYROYLGRVHPVXDVHWDSDVSURMHWXDLV )LJXUD 2VDJHQWHVGHLQWHUYHQomR SURMHWLVWDXVXiULRVFOLHQWHVH
HPSUHLWHLURV VmRGHPRQVWUDGRVDFLPDGDVHWDSDV$VIDVHVSURMHWXDLVVHJXHPXPDVHTXrQFLDTXHSDVVD
SHODLPHUVmRLGHDomRUHIOH[mRLPSOHPHQWDomRXVRHDYDOLDomRFRPSOHWDQGRDVHWDSDVSURMHWXDLVTXHVmR
LQLFLDGDVFRPRVGDGRVREVHUYDFLRQDLVHVmRFRQFOXtGDVFRPGDGRVGHDYDOLDomRGRDPELHQWH&DGDIDVH
SURMHWXDOHQYROYHXPDVpULHGHHOHPHQWRVGHVFULWRVHPVHXVUHVSHFWLYRVOHTXHVHDRILQDOGDVHWDSDVJHUD
VHRVUHVXOWDGRVSDUFLDLV EDO}HVHPYHUPHOKR 

)LJXUD(VTXHPDJUiILFRGRSURFHVVRGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRVHXVDJHQWHVHUHVXOWDGRVHVSHUDGRV


)RQWH6DUPHQWRH*RPHV  


&21&/86®2
$RXVDUHVWUDWpJLDVGHGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRSRGHVHFRPSURYDUHPFDPSRTXHpSRVVtYHOREWHUFRODERUDomR
P~WXD SURMHWLVWD ± XVXiULR  QR SURFHVVR GH LQWHUSUHWDomR GRV GDGRV H DVVLP ILOWUDU H EDODQFHDU DV
LQIRUPDo}HVUHOHYDQWHVHFULDWLYDVSDUDRVXFHVVRGRSURMHWR'RPHVPRPRGRpSRVVtYHOFRPSUHHQGHUGH
PRGR PDLV FODUR DV OLPLWDo}HV GR SURMHWR XPD YH] TXH QHP VHPSUH FRQVHJXHVH UHVROYHU WRGDV DV
TXHVW}HVDSRQWDGDVQDIDVHGHOHYDQWDPHQWRGHGDGRV$OJXPDVVROXo}HVSURSRVWDVSRGHPJHUDUFRQIOLWRV
QHFHVVLWDQGRTXHDHTXLSHSURMHWXDOIDoDDRSomRSHODPHOKRUVROXomRYLiYHO1HVVHVHQWLGRDSDUWLFLSDomR
GRV XVXiULRV GHYH WHU XP SHVR FRQVLGHUiYHO SRLV VHUmR HOHV TXH LUmR XVXIUXLU GR DPELHQWH FRQVWUXtGR
TXDQGRDREUDHVWLYHUFRQFOXtGD$FRODERUDomRP~WXDSURGX]XPDHPSDWLDHQWUHDHTXLSHGHSURMHWLVWDVH
RVXVXiULRVGHVPLVWLILFDQGRDSRVLomR GHFRQWUROH TXHQRUPDOPHQWHH[LVWHHPSURMHWRVGHVWD QDWXUH]DH
DVVLPPHOKRUDQGRDTXDOLGDGHGRVSURGXWRVHQWUHJXHVDRILQDOGRSURFHVVR
&DGDSURFHVVRSURMHWXDOp~QLFRHWUD]DPDGXUHFLPHQWRSURILVVLRQDODHTXLSHSRUPHLRGDVDSUHQGL]DJHQV
SHUFHELGDV $ DSUHQGL]DJHP RFRUUH SHODV WURFDV LQIRUPDFLRQDLV H WpFQLFDV TXH VmR SHUWLQHQWHV D XP
SURFHVVRQHFHVVDULDPHQWHVRFLDOREWLGR SHODV YLYrQFLDVGRV XVXiULRVH WDPEpPFRPRVGHPDLVDJHQWHV
TXH SDUWLFLSDP GD WDUHID GH SURMHWDU WDLV FRPR IRUQHFHGRUHV H[HFXWRUHV H RXWURV HVSHFLDOLVWDV &DGD
DJHQWHUHVSRQViYHOSRUVXDHWDSDIDVHSURMHWXDOFRPSDUWLOKDFRPRSURFHVVRGHSURMHWRHDVVLPFRPDVXD

66
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

PDWHULDOL]DomR &DEH DR SURILVVLRQDO DUTXLWHWR JHVWRU GR SURMHWR JHUDU UHJLVWURV GHVVDV H[SUHVV}HV
SHVVRDLVHGHVVHVJUXSRVDFHUFDGDVLGHLDVGHVHQYROYLGDV$UHDOL]DomRGHRILFLQDVHGRVSDLQpLVJHUDGRV
FRPEUDLQVWRUPLQJHGHPDLVIHUUDPHQWDVSDUWLFLSDWLYDVVmRULFRVPRPHQWRVGHSHUFHSomRHDSUHQGL]DJHP
e SRVVtYHO VLQWHWL]DU RV DQVHLRV H RV GHVHMRV GRV XVXiULRV VXDV HVFROKDV H QHFHVVLGDGHV GLVFXWLU H
HQFRQWUDUUHVSRVWDVPDLVHIHWLYDVSRUPHLRGHVVHVPRPHQWRVGHULFDVWURFDV(PWRGRVRVSURFHVVRVGH
GHVLJQ SDUWLFLSDWLYR JHUDGRV SRUPHLR GHVVDV IHUUDPHQWDV IRL SRVVtYHO SHUFHEHU XP HQJDMDPHQWR VRFLDO H
XP IRFR QRV SUREOHPDV YLYHQFLDGRV SHORV XVXiULRV FRP D LGHLD JHUDO GH PHOKRUDPHQWR GDV FRQGLo}HV
YLYHQFLDGDVSDUDREHPGDFROHWLYLGDGH
'HVWDPDQHLUDRID]HUDUTXLWHW{QLFRGHL[DGHVHUXPFRQKHFLPHQWRWpFQLFRUHVWULWRHSDVVDSDUDDHVIHUDGR
FRPSDUWLOKDPHQWR H GD VRFLDOL]DomR GRV DPELHQWHV FROHWLYRV DOLQKDQGRVH FRP DV WHQGrQFLDV
FRQWHPSRUkQHDV GH FRPSDUWLOKDPHQWR GH VDEHUHV GH LQWHUDo}HV VRFLDLV UHVSRQViYHLV H D SURGXomR GR
HVSDoRDUTXLWHW{QLFRTXHUHVSRQGHjVQHFHVVLGDGHVHDQVHLRVGDVSHVVRDV
3HVTXLVDV IXWXUDV SRGHP VHU GLUHFLRQDGDV SDUD D QHFHVVLGDGH GH FRPSDUWLOKDU WpFQLFDV SURMHWXDLV
SDUWLFLSDWLYDVSDUDRkPELWRGDIRUPDomRDFDGrPLFDHDVVLPOHYDUHVWHFRQKHFLPHQWRSDUDDVGLVFLSOLQDV
GHSURMHWRDUTXLWHW{QLFRHXUEDQtVWLFR
eQHFHVViULRHYROXLUDIRUPDGHHQVLQDURSURMHWRSDUDTXHRDUTXLWHWRXUEDQLVWDSRVVDVHDWXDOL]DUTXDQWR
jV QHFHVVLGDGHV GH VHXV XVXiULRV H FOLHQWHV 'LDQWH GD JUDQGH YDORUL]DomR GH PRGHORV SURMHWXDLV
UHQGHUL]DGRV GH DOWD ILGHOLGDGH D LPDJHP GD DWXDomR SURILVVLRQDO SDUHFH HVWDU SDXODWLQDPHQWH VH
UHVWULQJLQGR DR GRPtQLR GH VRIWZDUHV H IRUPDV GH UHSUHVHQWDomR GLJLWDO 5HQGHUL]Do}HV GH DOWD ILGHOLGDGH
PXLWRYDORUL]DGDVSHORVDUTXLWHWRVHPIRUPDomRHSHORS~EOLFRHPJHUDOQHPVHPSUHUHSUHVHQWDPVROXo}HV
SURMHWXDLVUHDOPHQWHHILFLHQWHVHIXQFLRQDLVDGHTXDGDVDRVXVXiULRVILQDLV$FUHGLWDVHTXHpIXQGDPHQWDO
UHDWLYDUDFRQH[mRHQWUHSURMHWLVWDVHXVXiULRVSDUD TXHDDUTXLWHWXUDSURGX]LGDHVWHMDHPWRWDOKDUPRQLD
FRPDVXDIXQomRVRFLDO

$*5$'(&,0(1726
$DXWRUDJRVWDULDGHDJUDGHFHUSHODUHFHSWLYLGDGHQDVLQVWLWXLo}HVHGRVFRODERUDGRUHVGD(VFROD(VWDGXDO
7HRW{QLR 9LOHOD HP 0DFHLy$ODJRDV GR 6(%5$( ± $ODJRDV GD (VFROD 7pFQLFD &tFHUR 'LDV HP
5HFLIH3HUQDPEXFR H GR /LFHR 6WDWDOH 'RQ /RUHQ]R 0LODQL HP 1iSROHV,WiOLD DOpP GH DJUDGHFHU D
8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH$ODJRDVSHORIRPHQWRjSHVTXLVDSRUPHLRGR3URJUDPDGH'HVHQYROYLPHQWRGH
3HVVRDO352'(3

5()(5È1&,$6
$/(;$1'(5&7KHGHWHUPLQDWLRQRIFRPSRQHQWVIRUDQ,QGLDQ9LOODJH,Q-21(6-&7+251/(<' HGV 
&RQIHUHQFHRQGHVLJQPHWKRGV2[IRUG3HUJDPRQ
$/(;$1'(5&1RWHVRQWKHV\QWKHVLVRIIRUP&DPEULGJH+DUYDUG8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
$/(;$1'(5&7KHVWDWHRIWKHDUWLQGHVLJQPHWKRGV'0*1HZVOHWWHUYQS
$6$5237UDQVIRUPLQJVRFLHW\E\WUDQVIRUPLQJWHFKQRORJ\WKHVFLHQFHDQGSROLWLFVRISDUWLFLSDWRU\GHVLJQ
$FFRXQWLQJ0DQDJHPHQWDQG,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJLHVYS
%$;7(503URMHWRGHSURGXWR*XLDSUiWLFRSDUDRGHVLJQGHQRYRVSURGXWRV6mR3DXOR(GJDUG%OFKHU
$77$,$1(6(('8&$*+XPDQIDFWRUVDQGHUJRQRPLFSULQFLSOHVLQEXLOGLQJGHVLJQIRUOLIHDQGZRUNDFWLYLWLHVDQ
DSSOLHGPHWKRGRORJ\7KHRUHWLFDO,VVXHVLQ(UJRQRPLFV6FLHQFHYQž0DUFK$SULOSS
%/20%(5*-*,$&20,-026+(5$6:(1721:$//3(WKQRJUDSKLF)LHOG0HWKRGVDQG7KHLUUHODWLRQWR
'HVLJQ,Q6&+8/(5'1$0,2.$$ (G 3DUWLFLSDWRU\'HVLJQ3ULQFLSOHVDQG3UDFWLFHV+LOOVGDOH/DZUHQFH
(UOEDXP$VVRFLDWHVS
%h+/(5&(PSRZHUHGSDUWLFLSDWLRQRIXVHUVZLWKGLVDELOLWLHVLQ5 'SURMHFWV,QW-+XPDQ&RPSXWHU6WXGLHVY
S'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSZZZLGHDOLEUDU\FRP'2,LMKF
&$17(5'&5$,..+(QYLURQPHQWDO3V\FKRORJ\-RXUQDORI(QYLURQPHQWDO3V\FKRORJ\S
&52661'HVLJQDQG7HFKQRORJ\0LOWRQ.H\QHV2SHQ8QLYHUVLW\3UHVV
-21*(70GH0RGHUQZRRQLGHDOHQHQZRRQZHQVHQLQ1HGHUODQG9XJD$UQKHP
)$/=213(UJRQRPLD6mR3DXOR(GLWRUD%OXFKHU
*,/$&0pWRGRVH7pFQLFDVGH3HVTXLVD6RFLDOHGVmR3DXOR(GLWRUD$WODV

67
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH
Sarmento, T. S.

*8$5'$9,//$%3URJHWWD]LRQH$UFKLWHWWRQLFD/HORJLFKHSURJHWWXDOLHLSHUFRUVLGHOO¶DUFKLWHWWXUDPRGHUQDHG
0LODQR+2(3/,
*$63(5,1,5LFDUGR5HDOLGDGHYLUWXDODSOLFDGDjHUJRQRPLDSRUPHLRGRGHVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYR'LVVHUWDomR
0HVWUDGR 3yVJUDGXDomRHP'HVLJQ)DFXOGDGHGH$UTXLWHWXUD$UWHVH&RPXQLFDomR8QLYHUVLGDGH(VWDGXDO3DXOLVWD
%DXUX
+$1,1*72100HWKRGVLQWKH0DNLQJ$3HUVSHFWLYHRQWKHVWDWHRI+XPDQUHVHDUFKLQ'HVLJQ'HVLJQ,VVXHV>VO@
YQS±
-21(6-&0pWRGRVGHGLVHxR%DUFHORQD*XVWDYR*LOL
.(16,1*)%/20%(5*-3DUWLFLSDWRU\'HVLJQ,VVXHVDQG&RQFHUQV&RPSXWHU6XSSRUWHG&RRSHUDWLYH:RUNY
±SS
.26.,1(1,=,00(50$1-%,1'(575('675g0-:(169((16'HVLJQ5HVHDUFK7KURXJK3UDFWLFH
)URPWKH/DE)LHOGDQG6KRZURRP:KDOWDQ86$0.(OVHYLHUS
/$:621%&RPRDUTXLWHWRVHGHVLJQHUVSHQVDP6mR3DXOR2ILFLQDGH7H[WRV
/8&.0$1-$QDSSURDFKWRWKHPDQDJHPHQWRIGHVLJQ2SHUDWLRQDO5HVHDUFK4XDUWHUO\YQS
0$5.867$$GRXJKQXWPRGHORIWKHHQYLURQPHQWDQGLWVGHVLJQ'HVLJQ3DUWLFLSDWLRQ/RQGUHV$FDGHP\(GLWLRQV

0$57,1%+$1,1*721%8QLYHUVDO0HWKRGVRI'HVLJQ86$5RFNSRUW3XEOLVKHUV
08//(50-3DUWLFLSDWRU\GHVLJQWKHWKLUGVSDFHLQ+&,,Q0$+:$<1-+DQGERRNRI+&,1HZ<RUN/DZUHQFH
(UOEDXPS
3$=0,12$9&RPRVHFULDPpWRGRVSDUDGHVLJQGHSURGXWRV6mR3DXOR%OXFKHU
35$76&+.($$/0(,'$&53/$52&&$56$17,$*253'DSDUWLFLSDomRjFRODERUDomRBHVWUXWXUDQGR
DPELHQWHVGLJLWDLVGHFRQKHFLPHQWR,Q6,*UD'L±,%(52$0(5,&$1&21*5(662)',*,7$/*5$3+,&6
YS/LPD3HUX$QDLV>«@/LPD3HUX'LVSRQtYHOHPKWWSFXPLQFDGHVVFL[QHWGDWD
ZRUNVDWWVLJUDGLBFRQWHQWSGI$FHVVRHPGHPDL
35((&(-52*(56<6+$53+'HVLJQGH,QWHUDomR$OpPGDLQWHUDomRKRPHPFRPSXWDGRUHG3RUWR$OHJUH
%RRNPDQ
6$1'(56(%13URWRW\SLQJIRUWKH'HVLJQ6SDFHVRIWKH)XWXUH,Q9$/(17,1(/ (G 3URWRW\SH'HVLJQDQG
&UDIWLQWKHVW&HQWXU\%ORRPVEXU\
6$1'(56(67$33(563-3UREHVWRRONLWVDQGSURWRW\SHVWKUHHDSSURDFKHVWRPDNLQJLQFRGHVLJQLQJ
&R'HVLJQ,QWHUQDWLRQDO-RXUQDORI&R&UHDWLRQLQ'HVLJQDQGWKH$UWV8QLWHG.LQJGRPYQS
6$12))+$9LVLRQLQJ3URFHVVIRU'HVLJQLQJ5HVSRQVLYH6FKRROV
6$50(1727)&60RGHORFRQFHLWXDOGHDPELHQWHGHDSUHQGL]DJHPDGHTXDGRDSUiWLFDVFRPEOHQGHGOHDUQLQJ
SDUDHVFRODVGHHQVLQRPpGLR5HFLIH7HVH 'RXWRUDGR 3URJUDPDGH3yVJUDGXDomRHP'HVLJQ&HQWURGH
$UWHVH&RPXQLFDomR8QLYHUVLGDGH)HGHUDOGH3HUQDPEXFR5HFLIH
6$50(1727)&65,%(,526'HVLJQSDUWLFLSDWLYRHPDPELHQWHHVFRODUSURMHWRGHGHVHQYROYLPHQWRGH
HVSDoRVFRPSOHPHQWDUHVGHDSUHQGL]DJHP5HODWyULRGH3URMHWRGH([WHQVmR0DFHLy352(;8)$/
6$50(1727)&6*20(6$6'HVLJQGHDPELHQWHHVFRODUSDUDDSUHQGL]DJHPFULDWLYD5HFLIH3LSD
&RPXQLFDomR
6,021+$7KH6FLHQFHVRIWKH$UWLILFLDOUGHG&DPEULGJH0,73UHVV
67,&.'25106&+1(,'(5- 2UJV ,VWRp'HVLJQ7KLQNLQJGH6HUYLoRV)XQGDPHQWRVIHUUDPHQWDVFDVRV
3RUWR$OHJUH%RRNPDQ
6200(553HUVRQDOVSDFHWKHEHKDYLRUDOEDVLVRIGHVLJQ(QJOHZRRG&OLIIV1-3UHQWLFH+DOO
9225'77-0:(*(1+%5$UTXLWHWXUDVRERROKDUGRXVXiULRSURJUDPDGHQHFHVVLGDGHVSURMHWRHDYDOLDomR
GHHGLILFDo}HV6mR3DXOR2ILFLQDGH7H[WRV
BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB
127$'2(',725 2FRQWH~GRGRDUWLJRHDVLPDJHQVQHOHSXEOLFDGDVVmRGHUHVSRQVDELOLGDGHGDDXWRUD


68
3URMHWR H 3HUFHSomR GR $PELHQWH
3URMHWRH3HUFHSomRGR$PELHQWH
YQPDLRGH

You might also like