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Method of Systematic Literature Review for

Internet of Things in ZigBee Smart Agriculture
Taufik Hidayat Rahutomo Mahardiko Sianturi
Tigor Franky D
Department of Computer Engineering Department Software Service Department of Technology FinTech
Universitas Wiralodra Platinumetrix Pte. Ltd PT. Danon Digital Nusantara
Indramayu, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia Jakarta, Indonesia
[email protected] [email protected] [email protected]

Abstract—Lately, utilization of Wireless Sensor Network TABLE I. PREVIOUS STUDIES ON IOT SMART AGRICULTURE
(WSN) technology is increasing and widely applied in various
fields. WSN is currently applied for Internet of Things (IoT)- Paper Year Issue
based agriculture. An example of WSN technology is ZigBee. Implementation of IoT should follow standard
[1] 2019
ZigBee provides irrigation control, climate monitoring and food and primarily focus on security
chain control systems. To support all mentioned systems, Edge cloud computing and IoT network give good
[2] 2019
ZigBee’s IoT supports communication among available sensors. efficiency on IoT application
By having communication, ZigBee is expected to improve High scale architecture in IoT application
[3] 2019
productivity and predict agriculture problem. The paper will supports stakeholder communication
use Systematic Literature Review (SLR) to give an overview that IoT-based irrigation system controls humidity and
[4] 2015
IoT has potential for agriculture. This is because IoT can help temperature by using ZigBee
ZigBee-based channel is able to improve network
every farmer during operational on food and livestock [5] 2016
endurance
production.
Network performance on ZigBee IoT is very
[6] 2018
efficient because of less usage of battery energy
Keywords— internet of things, ZigBee, smart agriculture, Approach on agricultural technology needs
systematic literature review [7] 2019
experts for integration
I. INTRODUCTION [8] 2019 IoT contributes on agricultural system
Combination of IoT and image processing gives
IoT is a platform making a smart device based on daily [9] 2016
better result for agricultural system
activities and communication. [1]. Simple paradigm of IoT is
that every object can be a masterpiece. An approach for IoT [10] 2019 IoT-based irrigation control
involves small sensor installation on gateway to transmit data [11] 2019 IoT-based control plant
to cloud [2]. Every system using IoT technology uses wireless ZigBee-based control status of mountainous
sensor to collect and process data into information [1]. IoT has [12] 2018
situation
3 layers, such as: perception layer (data sense), network layer [13] 2019 WSN-based control plant disease
(data transmission) and application layer (data storage) [3].
Agriculture product improvement by Agriculture
[14] 2017
ZigBee device uses frequency on 2.4 GHz and IEEE IoT
802.15.4 international standard [4]. The IEEE 802.15.4 SLR is used in order to find better method that can be used
standard is used for data communication among end users or for better smart agriculture from studying past studies. From
businesses. In term of power consumption and network, table 1, there are lots of research regarding IoT smart
ZigBee is designed with low power consumption and works agriculture. Table 1 is also some results of SLR process for
on private network. ZigBee is usually used to control another this paper. All those papers are then used to formulate main
device, or it can be a wireless sensor [5]. ZigBee has a feature question. The main question is how to find a method that can
that can set its own network and set data exchange in network be used to have better smart agriculture. This main question
[6]. Some advantages of ZigBee are (1) it can be a wireless then is elaborated and formulated in research method section
regulator because of low power consumption and (2) it can in table 2.
create wide network with reliable data because of mesh
network topology. The paper will contain 4 sections. First section discusses
literature review. Second section tells research method. Third
Smart agriculture is a system using modern technology to section constitutes result and analysis. Last section concludes
support productivity for maximum agricultural yield [7]. 2 the result of the study and recommends future research.
purposes of smart agriculture are (1) to set and predict
agricultural yields and (2) to predict problems faced by
farmers [8]. By applying IoT, every farmer may increase
productivity and produce better yields [9]. This can happen II. LITERATURE REVIEW
because reliable data accuracy in sensor can be retrieved by Structural element of IoT-based agriculture is divided into
monitoring and controlling devices in smart agriculture. To 2 parts [3], such as: potential technology in agriculture and
improve productivity and produce better yields, IoT device agricultural precision trends. Recent advanced research in
and IoT data analyzer (Big Data) can be used together to sensor is not only to reduce sensor size but also to reduce
automate process, to predict current situation and to repair sensor production costs. Agricultural technology has
many activities. It can be concluded that agriculture is contributed in techno-evolution for traditional agriculture in
influenced by WSN and IoT [5]. Table 1 describes previous precision and micro-precision [11]. Sensor used in smart
studies on IoT smart agriculture. agriculture are climate, soil, radiation, and weather sensors.
Furthermore, those sensors are used to control smart
agriculture system and store the data. Then, the data can be

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k
used to monitor and control agriculture or even gain insight TABLE II. RESEARCH QUESTION

knowledge. Question Target Achievement

A. IoT Application-Based Agriculture What is IoT? Identify definition of IoT in order to find
suitable IoT for smart agriculture
Cable and wireless sensors are usually used in agricultural What are smart agriculture Identify ZigBee smart agriculture
sector. To understand environmental climate with sensors, it and its application existed, so that proposal regarding
is very important for better decision making. It should be done especially ZigBee? enhancement of IoT in ZigBee smart
to optimize productivity and quality [6]. To achieve the target, agriculture can be done
traditional WSN has evolved into IoT WSN [15]. Therefore, What is the research Identify the contribution that can be
contribution? implemented for better agriculture
adoption of communication standard may allow remote access
to internet and apply smart algorithm to enhance data To answer the questions defined in table 2, 3 trusted digital
processing for better monitoring and controlling. This kind of libraries named IEEE Xplore, ScienceDirect and Tandfonline
approach will help for decision making in every situation. are used. The libraries are already trusted for research. Table
There is a way for decision making on agricultural land by 3 describes digital library used to overcome the problem.
applying control close loop in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles
(UAV) application. Responsibility of application is to spray TABLE III. RESEARCH QUESTION
important chemicals for plants [7].
Digital Library Online Link Website
B. Open-field Agriculture ScienceDirect www.sciencedirect.com
There is a way to conserve water for primary plant needs
IEEE Xplore ieeexplore.ieee.org
by optimizing irrigation system. It should be done because
volume of water is getting less caused by evaporation or no Tandfonline www.tandfonline.com
irrigation system is found. To avoid the situation, optical
sensor is used to collect additional information about efficacy In those trusted libraries, related paper was searched in
of plants and to map situation of IoT and Geographic 20th March 2020 during 2014 to 2019. Research Question in
Information System (GIS) [16]. Data mapping and sensing table 2 is then translated into keywords. Keywords for
are important for WSN in open-field agriculture for presenting searching are “ZigBee”, “ZigBee Internet of Things” and
significant data [17]. “ZigBee Internet of Things Smart Agriculture”. All keywords
are lowercase with space and without quotation mark.
C. Tracking of Supply Chain Therefore, the keywords are searched on 3 trusted digital
Modern agriculture is getting better and keeping up with libraries. This research also describes criteria used in order to
industry needs [18]. Therefore, food safety and product find related paper for answering research questions. Next table
quality should be always come first by standardizing every depicts selection of paper criteria defined for the study.
production step. The needs have caused smooth system in
food supply chain. Besides that, IoT includes many aspects in TABLE IV. SELECTION CRITERIA FOR SLR

order to contribute to system development and maintenance ID Exclusion

[19]. In many literature studies, IoT solution always focuses E1 Every article not in peer reviewed paper
on food supply chain or even its technology. Both of them E2 Paper not in English
(food supply chain and technology) support each other. The E3 Paper which does not discuss ZigBee smart agriculture and
latest development in e-commerce gives an effect to every IoT
E4 Paper which discusses case study for IoT in ZigBee smart
supply chain activity because of optimizing food supply. In agriculture
food supply chain, RFID is a common technology. ID Inclusion
Responsibility of RFID is to improve data input and output of I1 Peer reviewed paper and full version of conference
goods through barcode [20]. proceeding and journal articles which discusses IoT and
ZigBee smart agriculture
D. Application of Livestock I2 Papers which are published in 2015 to 2019
Extreme climate has bad effect for livestock productivity. I3 Papers which propose a solution to IoT in ZigBee smart
agriculture
IoT for livestock is not only focused on animals but also
I4 English paper
climate monitoring and control. A benefit of IoT for livestock I5 Paper which is not opened access
is to gain optimal feeding [21]. Another utilization of IoT for ID Quality Assessment
livestock is instrument and wireless sensor for livestock QLA1 Are the methods carried out in accordance with the
tracking and behavior analysis [22]. research?
QLA2 Is there enough description in research context?
QLA3 What are the strengths of research objective?
QLA4 Has the paper been reviewed from previous research?
III. RESEARCH METHOD ID Quantity Assessment
SLR is a formal review and only translate based on QNA1 Are there measurement standards defined?
QNA2 Is there any process to measure?
research question [23]. The study uses SLR method because
QNA3 Is anything measured by numbers?
there is a need to study past papers for better smart agriculture
especially for ZigBee. Same reason also applied to research By using the definition of paper selection criteria and
on science education and load balancing network [24], [25]. keywords, some reliable and related paper are retrieved by
There are 5 steps in SLR, such as: research question creation, following below figure. Figure 1 shows SLR process to
library selection, required data extraction, data synthesis and generate the respected result.
result discussion [23]. Below table defines questions for this
paper.

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 From figure 2, there are 23 related papers in IEEE, 178
related papers in ScienceDirect and 23 related paper in
Tandfonline. All papers are not discussing SLR method. From
this result, the research wants to develop the title into SLR
format so that the paper can be developed with other methods.
Furthermore, it can produce high quality paper about IoT in
ZigBee Smart Agriculture.
B. Journal Review
From those many papers received from 3 trusted digital
libraries, authors took some potential paper to be discussed in
order to overcome research questions. 12 papers were taken as
example and extracted to get its results. Table 6 explains each
definition, such as: IoT, smart agriculture, ZigBee and
Fig. 1. SLR process to do the study
quantity measurement.
The result of paper selection is shown in table 5.
TABLE VI. TABLE TYPE STYLES
TABLE V. PAPER SEARCH RESULT Topic
Paper Quantity
Digital Library Keyword Result IoT ZigBee Smart Agriculture
Measurement
ZigBee 2188 [1] v x x x
ScienceDirect ZigBee Internet of Things 1000 v (large area on
[3] v x v
ZigBee Internet of Things Smart system)
178
Agriculture [4] v v v (irrigation system) v
ZigBee 3651 [5] v v x v
IEEE Explore ZigBee Internet of Things 864 v (large area on
[14] v x x
ZigBee Internet of Things Smart system)
23 v (crops growth
Agriculture [15] v x v
system)
ZigBee 254
[16] v x v v
Tandfonline ZigBee Internet of Things 100 v (herd management
[18] v x x
ZigBee Internet of Things Smart system)
23
Agriculture [19] x x x v
Those results can be used for data synthesis and data v (agricultural
[20] x x x
presentation in result and discussion section. products tracking)
v (livestock air
[21] x x v
conditioning system)
[22] v x v (livestock tracking) v
IV. RESULT AND ANALYSIS
v (large area on
Author v v v
All research questions are in research method section. First system)
question that needs to be overcome is to identify suitable IoT
From above table, there are results regarding 12 extracted
for smart agriculture. Second question that must be overcome
papers. 8 papers discuss smart agriculture (6 papers in specific
is to propose enhancement of IoT in ZigBee smart agriculture.
smart agriculture, meanwhile 2 papers in large area on
Last question that should be driven out is to identify
system). Otherwise, only 2 papers tell ZigBee for smart
contribution for better agriculture.
agriculture. In addition, 9 papers already discuss IoT. Besides
A. SLR Result of Reported Articles that, 8 papers explain quantity measurement. Based on this
From table 5, it can be changed graphic. This will present result, research contribution is to develop IoT in ZigBee smart
paper search result in order to ease reading process. Below agriculture with quantity measurement.
figure explains the result. C. Comparison of the Number of Research in Internet of
Things in ZigBee Smart Agriculture
Result of Search Paper The study had observed a number of studies related to IoT
4000 3651 in smart agriculture. By using keyword (1) IoT smart
agriculture on ZigBee and (2) SLR, the research generated
3000 2188 result from data IoT smart agriculture within ZigBee through
2000
additional comments. Here is the collected data from 3
1000 864 databases, such as: IEEE Explore, ScienceDirect and
1000 178 254 100 Tandfonline from 2014 to 2019. This research found a number
23 23
of studies in internet of things smart agriculture by 20% and
0
agriculture on ZigBee by 10%. SLR comparison after a review
sciencedirect IEEE Tandfonline
of IoT smart agriculture within ZigBee can be summarized in
a comparison table. SLR table about smart agriculture ZigBee
Fig. 2. Result of paper search by keywords can be seen in next table 7.

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 TABLE VII. SLR SMART AGRICULTURE ON ZIGBEE systems,” Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol. 71, no.
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Agriculture ZigBee
Enabling Technologies,” 2019 IEEE 5th World Forum on Internet of
Research
Up to 7 Only 1 Things (WF-IoT), pp. 692–695, 2019.
Question
Keyword based on [8] A. Khanna and S. Kaur, “Evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) and its
authors and Keyword significant impact in the field of Precision Agriculture,” Computers and
Keyword based on Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 157, no. December 2018, pp. 218–231,
Search Strategy based on extraction
specific subject Feb. 2019.
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module for smart irrigation system,” Computers and Electronics in
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Paper selection
7 in quality 4 in quality assessments [11] A. Khattab, S. E. D. Habib, H. Ismail, S. Zayan, Y. Fahmy, and M. M.
assessments Khairy, “An IoT-based cognitive monitoring system for early plant
disease forecast,” Computers and Electronics in Agriculture, vol. 166,
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to IoT smart agriculture within ZigBee. The research selected [12] Y. Nishikawa et al., “Design of stable wireless sensor network for slope
and extracted some paper according to predetermined criteria monitoring,” WiSNet 2018 - Proceedings 2018 IEEE Topical
Conference on Wireless Sensors and Sensor Networks, vol. 2018–
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V. CONCLUSSION AND FUTURE RESEARCH platform in a smart agriculture context: A vineyard support system for
monitoring mildew disease,” Sustainable Computing: Informatics and
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The authors thank the Department of Computer
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