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Conditional Probability Guide

This document covers Lesson 8.6 on Conditional Probability, explaining the notation and definition of conditional probability, P(A|B). It includes examples involving battery selection and a proficiency examination, along with exercises to calculate various conditional probabilities. The document aims to provide a clear understanding of how to determine probabilities based on given conditions.

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13 views2 pages

Conditional Probability Guide

This document covers Lesson 8.6 on Conditional Probability, explaining the notation and definition of conditional probability, P(A|B). It includes examples involving battery selection and a proficiency examination, along with exercises to calculate various conditional probabilities. The document aims to provide a clear understanding of how to determine probabilities based on given conditions.

Uploaded by

jjadecarnate
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name: ____________________________________________ Date: _____________

Grade & Section: ___________________________________ Score: ____________

Lesson 8.6 Conditional Probability

Key Concepts:
The usual notation for “event A occurs given that event B has occurred” is “A|B “
( A given B ). The symbol | is a vertical line and does not imply division. P(A|B) denotes the
probability that event A will occur given that event B has occurred already. We define conditional
probability as follows:

For any two events A and B with P(B) > 0, the conditional probability of A given that B
has occurred is defined by
P ( A ∩B)
P( A|B ) =
P( B)

Examples:
A. Mario bought four different batteries. Of these four, one is defective. Two are to be selected
at random for use on a particular day.
1. Draw a tree diagram associated with the experiment of selecting two batteries from
among four, in which one is defective.
Let g1, g2, g3 be the 3 non defective batteries and d be the defective battery

First Battery Second Battery


Selected Selected
g2
g3
g1 d
g1
g2 g3
d
g3 g1
g2
d
g1
d g2
g3

2. List the sample space. How many outcomes are there?


{( g1, g2), (g1,g3), (g1,d), (g2,g1), (g2,g3), (g2,d), (g3,g1), (g3,g2), (g3,d), (d,g1),
(d, g2), (d,g3)}

3. Find the probability that the second battery selected is not defective
9 3
P( second is g) = or
12 4
.
4. What if you find the probability that the second battery selected is not defective, given
that the first was not defective?
6
P ( g2 ∩ g 1) 12 2
P( g2|g1 ) = = =
P(g1 ) 9 3
12
Exercises:
1. A proficiency examination for certain technical skills was given to 100 employees of a
manufacturing firm. The breakdown of the examination results of the employees are shown in
the table below.

Male(M) Female(F) Total


Pass(P) 24 36 60
Fail(Q) 16 24 40
40 60 100

a. Find the probability that the employee passed the exam, given that he was a male.

b. Find the probability that the employee was a male, given that a passing grade was
received.

c. Find the probability that the employee was a female, given that a passing grade was
received.

2. A mathematics teacher gave her class two tests. Twenty five percent of the class passed both
tests and 42% of the class passed the first tests. What percent of those who passed the first
test also passed the second test?

3. A pair of dice is tossed.


a. If it is known that the sum is 10, find the probability that one of the dice
shown is 4.

b. If it is known that the dice shows 4, find the probability that the sum is 10.

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