(1)

]] earm wó b*0awm t&[awm or®morÁK'¨ó }}

bk&m;? w&m;? oHCm? rdb? q&mwdkYtm; þ"r®pmpkjzifh

&dak opGm uefawmhyg\/

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a'gufwmpdk;vGif (rEÅav;)u ]tewåa&mifjcnfawmf} trnfjzifh
"r®vrf;0dyóem (5)&ufoifwef;twGuf jyKpkxm;jcif;jzpfygonf/
 (2)
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(zm;atmufawm&q&mawmf - edAÁme*grdedy#dy'g-ywGJ)
tewåvu©Pmudk ynwfwifía[mMum;jyojcif;onfum;
oAÁnKor®morÁK'¨ bk&m;&SifwdkY\ t&momjzpfayonf/ xdkaMumifh
bk&m;&Sio f nf tewåvu©Pmudk a[mMum;jyoawmfrlonf&dSaomf
tedpövu©Pmjzifhaomf4if; 'ku©vu©Pmjzifhaomf4if; tedpö 'ku©
vu©Pm ESprf sKd ;jzifah omf4if; xif&mS ;jyí a[mawmfr\ l /
tewåvu©Pmonf toD;oD;aom &kyf"mwf? emrf"mwfwdkYudk
wpfv;kH pD ÓPfjzifh cGjJ cm;pdwjf zm ESv;kH roGi;f jcif;aMumifh y&rwf&yk ef mrf
tppfukd obm0owå?d obm0vu©Pmodq Yk ukd af tmif rodjrifEikd af y/
xdtk cg &kyw f ;kH &kycf J emrfw;kH emrfc[ J al om &kyCf e? emrfCe zH;k vTr;f aom
aMumifh tewåvu©Pmonf ÓPfwGif rxif&Sm;jcif;jzpfonf/ &kyf
Ce? emrfCewdkYudk ÓPfjzifh cGJjcm;pdwfjzmEdkifcJhaomf tewåvu©Pm
tewåÓPftjrif tewåa&mifjcnfawmfonf [kwfrSefwdkif;aom
rdr\d oabmvu©Pmjzifh todÓPfwiG f oloabmtwdik ;f xif&mS ;pGm
jzpfwnfvmayonf/
&kyfCe? emrfCe twHk;tcJwdkYudk ÓPfjzifh cGJjcm;pdwfjzmjcif;
[lonf oEÅwC d e (&kyef mrftpOf)? orl[Ce (&kyef mrf tpktaygif;)?
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rdrdoabmvu©Pmtm;jzifh todÓPfü xif&Sm;pGm jzpfay:vmrnf
jzpfayonf/
 (3)
twå0g'rStewå0g'odkYc&D;pOf
OD;a&Tatmif - r[m0dZÆm (ouú#)? 0#HoumESifhoda&mrPd
("r®aumufEkwfcsuf)

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taMumif;&if; wPSmudk ork',opömtjzpfvnf;aumif; xkwfaz:
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xif&mS ;pGmay:xGe;f vmcJyh gonf/
usifhpOfrsm;
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&&SdEdkifa&;twGuf rZösdry#dy'gudk usifhapcJhonf/ xdkusifhpOfjzifh opöm
av;yg;udk xd;k xGi;f odjrifí oAÁnb k &k m;&Sit
f jzpf a&mufawmfrcl o hJ nf/
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DS tpGe;f a&mufusiphf OfEpS rf sKd ; &dcS o
hJ nf/ umr
okcv’u d usiphf OfEiS hf twåuv d rxusiphf OfwjYkd zpfygonf/
umrokcv’duusifhpOf
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OyedoQ'facwfwdkYü acwfpm;cJhonf/ &vdkaomcsrf;omokcudk r&rae
wrf;wrf;pGu J sio hf nfh usiphf Ofjzpfonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;tavmif;awmfonf
 (4)
tmVm&ESiOhf 'u &aohwx Ykd üH þusiphf Ofukd usichf b hJ ;l onf/ a0'acwf
ESihf jAm[®Pacwfww Ykd iG f touf&n S jf cif;? vGwv f yfaysm&f iT jf cif;? pnf;pdrf
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&&Sad &;udk usio hf ;kH cJMh uonf/ tm&nuacwfEiS hf OyedoQ'af cwfww Ykd iG f
ewfa'0gwdkYtpm; jA[®mudktpm;xdk;NyD; jA[®®mudkjrifatmif tm&HkjyK
atmufarhjcif;jzifh w&m;tm;xkwí f jA[®mjzpfomG ;Ny;D csr;f omokc&&Sd
a&;udk usio hf ;kH cJMh uygonf/
xdak cwfwiG f t0dZmÆ \oabmudk odMuygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh 0dZmÆ
jzpfa&;? jA[®mÓPf&&Sda&; tm;xkwfcJhMuojzihf t0dZÆmudk tckduf
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tjrpfjywfy,fEidk af om avmukw&å m 0dZmÆ ÓPfukd r&&Scd MhJ uay/
twåudvrxusifhpOf
rdrcd E¨mud, k u f kd nSi;f yef;onfv h rf;pOf jzpfygonf/ jrwfpmG bk&m;
onf avmuD0dZÆmÓPf&a&; umrokcv’dumusifhpOfudk tpGef;w&m;
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csed tf xd usio hf ;kH cJyh gonf/
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T af &;}usiphf Ofjzpfonf/ csr;f omokc&a&;
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xdkYaMumifh wdwd¬,acwfü t0wftxnfrSpí aemufqHk; tm[m&
txd y,fpeG &hf efBuKd ;yrf;Muonf/ wPSmudyk ,fpeG &Yf if; 'kut © rsK;d rsKd ;udk
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'kut © m;vH;k csKyNf ird ;f Ny;D ppfreS af om csr;f om&&SEd ikd o f nf[k ,HMk unfMujcif;
jzpfygonf/
 (5)
rZösdry#dy'gusifhpOf
tv,ftvwfusifhpOf[k o'´gtm;jzifh jrefrmjyefaom rZösdr
y#dy'gusifhpOfonf t"dyÜg,ftm;jzifh tpGef;ESpfbufrS vGwfajrmuf
onfh usifhpOfjzpfonf/ tpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;wdkYrS vGwfajrmuf xGufay:
vmjcif;aMumifh toGio f P²meft& tpGe;f w&m;ESpyf g;wdEYk iS hf rqefu Y sif
aomfvnf; tESpo f m&t& tpGe;f w&m;ESpyf g;ESihf vH;k 0qefu Y siyf gonf/
rZösdry#dy'g\t&aumufrSm rkcstm;jzifh r*fpdwfESifh,SOfaom
r*¾i&f pS yf g;jzpfonf/ r*fpw d \f a&SUS üjzpfaom ykAb Á m* (0dyóem)r*fEiS hf
r*fpdwf\aemufüjzpfaom zdkvfpdwf Bud,mpdwfwdkYESifh,SOfaom r*¾if
&Spfyg;wdkYudkvnf; aumuf,lEkdifygonf/ ygVdbmomtm;jzifh Obawm
0k|me (tpGef;ESpfbufrS xajrmufjcif;)[kac:onf/ rZösdry#dy'gudk
atmufyg&Iaxmifrh sm;rSvnf; oH;k oyfwifjytyfygonf/
1/ umrokcv’duESifhtwåudvrx&Iaxmifh
Ak'a¨ cwfwiG f tpGe;f a&mufenf;rsm;tjzpf ypfy,fygonf/ umr
okcv’dudk &&dSa&;twGuf ]rlvtpGef;}tjzpf4if;? twåudvrxudk
pGevYf w
T af &;twGuf ]y#dyu©peG ;f } tjzpf4if; owfrw S jf cif;jzpfonf/
Ak'a® cwfrwdik rf u D yk*Kd¾ vt
f ae? twåtaejzifh &&Scd pH m;&ef toH;k
jyKenf;jzpfygonf/ xdek nf;t& umrukov kd ?f &lyukov kd ?f t&lyukov kd f
yifjzpfapumrl 0#³eó d w d (0#fvnf)ukov kd [ f vk nf;aumif;? okca,mif
aqmifaom 'ku©rsm; (oHo&m'ku©rsm;)[k owfrSwfygonf/
Ak'a¨ cwfwiG f yk*K¾d vtf ae? twåtaejzifh cHpm;&efr[kwyf J yk*K¾d vf
tae? twåtaerS vGwfajrmuf&ef igpGJyg0ifrIrS vGwfajrmuf&efjzpf
onf/ 0d0#³eó d wd (0#fjywf)ukov kd jf zpfNy;D avmukw&å mokc (oEdo Å ck )
 (6)
udk &&Sad pygonf/
rZösdry#dy'gwGif umrokcv’duonf toGiftaeESifh yPDw
aumif ; aom qG r f ; abmZOf ? yd k ; zJ u wå D y gouF e f ; ? wd k u f a usmif ; ?
aq;0g; ponfwdkYjzihfh cGifhjyKaomfvnf; oHk;aqmifenf;ESifhywfoufí
rZösdry#dy'gusap&ef (ypö a 0u© P m qif j cif e nf ; ))udk a[mMum;
usio hf ;kH apcJyh gonf/
]wy}usiphf Ofjzpfonfh twåuv d rxenf;onf toGio f P²mef
taejzifh &[ef;awmfrsm;tm; ]"lwif}tusiu hf dk cGijhf yKxm;Ny;D tESpof m&
taejzifh oHo&mvGwaf jrmufa&;odYk OD;wnfygonf/ ukov kd ?f tukovkd f
jyKrIjcif;wlaomfvnf; tpGef;enf;ESpfyg;onf (owå? ZD0oabmjzifh
twå )udk tajccHNy;D ]odrf;ydkufa&;} &;}udk OD;wnfonf/ rZösrd y#dy'gonf
(edowå? edZDÆ0oabmjzifh tewå)udk tajccHí twårS ]vGwfajrmuf
a&;}
a&;}odkY OD;wnfygonf/
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tavmif ; awmf u d k umrok c v’ d u vrf ; pOf v d k u f o l t jzpf
yOö0*¾DwdkYu pGyfpGJjcif;jzpfonf/ twåudvrx ]toGif} yg0ifojzifh
jyif ; xef p G m usif h a om a,m*D w d k Y t m; twå u d v rx vrf ; pOf
vdkufolrsm;tjzpf txifrSm;Mujcif;jzpfonf/ rZösdry#dy'gonf
tpGef;ESpfbufrS vGwfaom ]usifhpOf} omjzpfygonf/
2/ tZÑwåESifhA[d'¨&Iaxmifh
0dyóem&I&mwGif yk*K¾ v d o
f wå0g? igolwyg;? a,muFsm;rde;f r [lí
r&Sad Mumif;? (&kyfemrf"r®)rsm;om&Sad Mumif; awGU&Sv d mjcif;onf ]tZÑwå}
tpGe;f rSvw G jf cif;jzpfonf/ tewåa'oemawmft& (twåqdwfokOf;)
 (7)
vQif twåEiS yhf wfoufonfh (tZÑwåonfvnf; qdwfokOf;))&ygonf/
tZÑwåudkaxmufqí odtyfaom A[d'¨onfvnf; tZÑwår&dSvQif
tvdt k avQmuf qdwo f Ok ;f &ygonf/ (tZÑwåESifhA[d'¨)wdo Yk nf yk*K¾d v?f
]owå 0 g}g}ud k (t&S d ) xm;í&&S d v maom oabmrsm;jzpf o nf /
yk*K¾d vof wå0g r&Sad omtcg tZÑwt å pGe;f ESihf A[d't ¨ pGe;f wdrYk v S w
G af om
Obawm 0kXmeonf jzpfay:vmygonf/ 'óepmaywGif
A[d ' ¨ ( tm&H k ) onf rl v tpG e f ; jzpf í tZÑwå ( tm&r® P d u )onf
y#dyu©tpGe;f jzpfygonf/
3/ tm&r®PmEko,ESifhoEÅmemEko,&Iaxmifh
tm&r®PmEko,onf tm&Hküudef;aom tEko,udavom
tude;f "mwfjzpfonf/ ]tm&Hk}tm;jzifh tpdik t f cJr?hJ j'yfrhJ oP²mefrhJ rxif
bJ (tpdkiftcJ? j'yfoP²mef)taejzifh xifygonf/ twåe, d oabm
aqmifMuygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh aemiftcg xdt k m&ku H kd jyefí ESv;kH oGi;f wdik ;f
udavomjzpfciG hf &oGm;onfukd xdt k m&küH udavomude;f onf[k ac:
onf/ 0ddyóem]ÓPf ]ÓPf }jzifh &Irdaomtm&HkrSm ]tpd k i f t cJ r J h ? j'yf r J h
oP²mefrJh} taejzifh xifjcif;aMumifh aemiftcg xdt k m&HEk iS phf yfí udav
omjzpf cGifhr&onfudkyif (0dyóemÓPfu tm&r®PmEko,udk
y,fonf) [kqdk&ygonf/ t&[wår*fjzifh edAÁmefudk rsufarSmufjyKNyD;
aomtcg tm&r®PmEko,tpGef;rS vHk;0vGwfonf rnfygonf/
oEÅmemEko,qdkonfrSm r*fjzifhry,f&ao;ojzifh owå0gwdkY
oEÅmefü tpOfwpdu f ed ;f aeaom (udavomtudef;"mwf)jzpfonf/
k u
owå0gwdkY\ ]tm&r®Pdupdwf}rsm;onf tm&Hkrsm;uJhodkYyif tpdkiftcJ
tae? j'yfoP²meftaejzifh xif[yfaejcif;jzifh twåoabmaqmifyg
 (8)
onf/ 0dyóemÓPf &ifhoefvmaomtcg tqdkyg oEÅmemEko,
oabmrsm; wjznf;jznf;yg;oGm;NyD; (t&[wå r *f j zif h ed A Á m ef u d k )
rsuaf rSmufjyKaomtcg (oEÅmemEko,tpGef;rS vGwfrnf)jzpfygonf/
0dyóem&Iaomtcg b*FÓPfaemufydkif;rSpí tm&Hk? tm&r®Pdu
wd\ Yk Ceoabmysujf y,fí tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåoabmrsm; xif&mS ;Ny;D
,if;tpGe;f w&m;ESpyf g;rS vGwo f nf rnfygonf/
4/ tm&kHESifhtm&r®Pdu&Iaxmifh
tm&Hw k o Ykd nf ykxZk Ofw\ Ykd ]'Gg&}
&}rsm;ü (trSeftwdkif;) ]xif}aomf
vnf; xifonft h wdik ;f rodbJ (tvHk;tcJ)taejzifo h m ]od}Muygonf/
(jrif)onfuwpfrsKd ; (od)onfuwpfrsKd ;jzpfonf/ rZösrd y#dy'gt& tm&Hk
w&m;rsm;udv k nf; tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåoabmay:atmif? tm&r®Pu d
w&m;rsm;udkvnf; tedpö? 'ku©? tewåoabmay:atmif &I&ygonf/
0d y óem r&I r D u (Ce)oabmaqmif a om tm&H k E S i f h
tm&r®PduwdkYonf 0dyóemÓPf &ifhoefvmaomtcg Ce
(tpd k i f t cJ ) oabmrS uG J y suf NyD ; tpG e f ; w&m;ES p f y g;rS pwif
vGwaf jrmufEikd rf nf jzpfygonf/
5/ b0ESifhywf0ef;usif&Iaxmifh
b0onf tZÑw?å tm&r®Pu d ? oEÅmemEko, jzpfNy;D ywf0ef;usif
onf A[d'¨? tm&Hk? tm&r®PmEko,wdkYESifhwlygonf/ ywf0ef;usifudk
jyKjyifajymif;vJ&ef BuKd ;pm;aomtcg BuKd ;pm;ol\b0udyk g ajymif;vJ&ef
BuKd ;pm;ygrS rZösrd y#dy'goabm ouf0ifEikd yf gonf/
6/ uwåm;ESifhuH&Iaxmifh
o'´g&Iaxmifhjzpfonf/ uwåm;onf tZÑwå? tm&r®Pdu?
 (9)
oEÅmemEko,? b0ESifhwlygonf/ uHonf A[d'¨? tm&Hk? tm&r®Pm
Eko,? ywf0ef;usifESifhwlygonf/ xdkYaMumifh rZösdry#dy'gtae jzifh
uwåm;ESifh uHrS vGwfajrmuffyHkudk em;vnfEkdifygonf/

7/ y0wåESifhedrdwå&Iaxmifh
y0wåonf tZÑw?å tm&r®Pu d ? oEÅmemEko,? b0? uwåm;ESihf
wlí edrw d o å nf A[d'?¨ tm&H?k tm&r®PmEko,? ywf0ef;usi?f uHEiS w hf l
ygonf / 0d y óemonf y0wå E S i f h ed r d w å tpG e f ; ES p f y g;rS
vGwaf jrmufygonf/
8/ 'ku©opömESifhorkk',opöm&Iaxmifh
rZösrd y#dy'gonf 'kuo © pömrSvw G af jrmuf&ef 'kuo © pömxdu k of nfY
tm&Hok cFg& (edrw d )å rsm;udk taumiftxnf tpdik t f cJtaeESiYf rjrifbJ
tedpö? 'ku©? tewåoabm ay:atmifMunfhygonf/ orkk',opömrS
vGwfajrmuf&ef orkk',opömxdkufonfh tm&r®Pdu ocFg& (y0wå)
rsm;udk taumiftxnf tpdik t f cJEiS rYf jrifbJ tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåoabm
ay:atmifMunf&h ygonf/
0dyóemü yg0ifaom r*¾iw f &m;rsm;onf aAm"dyu©, d tqifo h Ykd
a&mufaomtcg (Oypm&) rZösrd y#dy'grS (rkcs) rZösrd y#dy'godYk ouf0if
vmonf/ xdt k cg yk*K¾ v f wå0g (twå)oabm aysmufu,
d o G jf cif;onf
]ork',opöm} (y0wå)wnf;[laom tpGef;wzufrSvGwfajrmufjcif;
jzpfonf/ twåoabm uG,af ysmufonfEiS hf odr;f ydu k pf &m (twåed,)
oabmuG,af ysmufomG ;jcif;onfyif ]'ku©opöm} (edrw d )å tpGe;f wzufrS
vGwaf jrmufjcif;yif jzpfygonf/
 (10)
9/ t0dZÆmESifhwPSm&Iaxmifh
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oemawmfukd taMumif;tusKd ;qufo, G rf t
I &
taMumif;tkyfpk - ]t0dZÆm? wPSm? Oyg'gef? ocFg&? ur®b0} 0}ESifh
tusKd; tkyfpk - ]0dnmPf? emrf&kyf? oVm,we? zó? a0'em} -
Oyywdb å 0? Zmwd? Z&m r&P[lí az:jyEdik yf gonf/
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oemawmfonf ]oów} ]oów}ESihf ]Oapä'} wnf;[l
aom tpGe;f ESpzf ufrS vGwaf jrmufaom rZÑrd y#dy'gjzpfonf/ ,if;udk
(0dbZÆ0g') g')[kvnf; ac:onf/ ynm&Siw f o Ykd nf y#dpoö rkygÜ 'fukd &Iaxmifh
oH;k rsKd ;rS csO;f uyfMuonf/ ,if;wdrYk mS atmufygtwdik ;f jzpfygonf/
1/ tEkrme&Iaxmifh (avmu)
2/ ypöu&© aI xmifh (0dyóem)
3/ opäu d &P&Iaxmifh (avmukw&å m)
]tEkrme&Iaxmifh}
avmub0pufonf aMumif;usKd ;qufoabmt& taMumif;
&dSrS tusdK;jzpfNyD; taMumif;r&dSvQif tusdK;rjzpfay:ojzifh rNrJjcif;
(tedpö)oabmudkvnf;jy\? qif;&Jjcif; ('ku©)oabmudkvnf;jy\?
toufaumif vdyjf ymaumif twåaumif[al om tESpo f m&r&do S nfh
(tewå) oabmudv k nf; jy\/
y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fonf oówESihf Oapä'[laom tpGe;f ESpzf ufrS vGwf
onfh rZÑrd y#dy'gjzpfonf/ þae&mü (yk*¾dKvfoabmESifh"r®oabm)
[lí t"dygÜ ,fEpS rf sKd ;,lygonf/ yk*Kd¾ vo f abmt& tpGe;f ESpyf g;rSvw G f
&ef owå0g[lír&dyS J &kyef mrf"r®wo Ykd m&dNS y;D ,if;wdo Yk nfvnf; ({uwå?
emewå? tAsmyg&? {0H"r®wm) m)enf;wdkYt& aMumif;usdK;qufET,frI
 (11)
oabmtwdik ;f omjzpfMuonf/ ,if;udk ]yk*¾vtewå? yk*¾voknwm}
[lívnf; ac:ygonf/
"r®oabmt& &kyef mrfwo Ykd nf cPwdik ;f jzpfysuaf e\/ yxr
cPwGijf zpfaom &kyef mrfwo Ykd nf yxrcPüom ysu\ f / 'kw, d cPodYk
rul;/ tu,fí yxrcPüjzpfaom &kyef mrfwo Ykd nf 'kw, d cPodYk
ul;onf[, k v l Qif oów0g'udk vufc&H ma&muf\/ yxrcPESihf
'kw,d cP &kyef mrfwt Ykd Mum;ü bmrQqufE, T rf rI &d[ S k ,lvQiv f nf;
Oapä'0g'udk vufc&H ma&mufygonf/ xdt k pGe;f ESpzf ufrv S w
G &f ef yxr
cPjzpfaom&kyef mrfEiS hf 'kw, d cPjzpfaom&kyef mrfwo Ykd nf tEkavmr
y#dpoö rkygÜ 'ft& aMumif;usKd ;quftwdik ;f jzpfMuaomfvnf; y#davmr
y#dpoö rkygÜ 'ft& aMumif;usKd ;quf jywfNy;D csKyNf ird ;f Muygonf/ ,if;udk
]]"r®tewå? "r®oknwm}} wm}}[lívnf; ac:ygonf/
]ypöu©&Iaxmifh}
y#dpoö rkygÜ 'fa'oemawmfonf tZÑwo å EÅmef&Sd &kyef mrfw&m;
rsm;udo k m tav;xm;azmfjyxm;aMumif; awG&Y ygonf/ trSet f m;jzifh
A[d'o ¨ EÅmef&Sd ]&kyfemrf}w&m;rsm;onf ('Gg&ajcmufyg;) g;)ü olo Y abmol
aqmifum (trSeftwdkif;) ]xif}Muaomfvnf; ]wvTJod}aejcif;aMumifh
b0pufjzpfay:vm&onf/ Oyrm opfiw k jf rifygvQuf vlxif o&Jxif
oabmrsdK;jzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh b0pufrSxGufvdkygu tm&Hkydkif;udk
jyif&efrvdkyJ tm&r®Pduydkif;udkom jyif&efvdkygonf/ tm&r®Pdu
]odpdwf}rsm;onf (trSeftwdkif;) odjrifomG ;aomtcg tm&Hyk ikd ;f onf
tvdv k jkd yifNy;D om; jzpfomG ;ayrnf/
oHo&mb0pufwiG f ]t0dZÆm}}onf y"meusygonf/ (tEko,)
 (12)
tqift h 0dZmÆ udk ]orkapä'y[mef}jzifh ry,fEikd o f í &kyef mrfrsm;udk ]tm&}Hk
ydik ;f wGif tydik ;f ydik ;f tjywfjywfoabm ray:atmif tm&r®Pu d ]odpdwf}
ydik ;f wGif (yk*¾dKvfod)oabmay:atmif aqmif&u G af ejcif;jzpfygonf/
udavo0#f (tEko,)
t0dZmÆ oabmt& wPSm? Oyg'gefuv kd nf; ,l&ygonf/ ,if;wdu Yk kd
udavo0#f[k ac:onf/ udavo0#fonf (tEko,) ,)oabmt& ]ig}
a,mifaqmifonf/ (udavo0#f)&daS eorQ ]ig} &daS ernf/ xdaYk Mumifh
ukodkvfvkyfief;jzpfap? tukodkvfvkyfief;jzpfap udavo0#fonf
um&u (jyKvyk o f )l ? a0'u (cHpm;ol) ]ig}taejzifh yg0ifaejcif; jzpfonf/
,if;uJhodkY udavo0#fu ]ig}taejzifh yg0ifaeaomaMumifh
pdwfapwodufwdkYonf rdrdoabmtwdkif;rodEdkifyJ taumiftxnf
tvdu k f odaejcif;jzpfonf/ Oyrm (avmbpdwf)taejzifh vdck sijf cif;
r[kwyf J ]ig} ]ig}taejzifh vdck sijf cif; (wPSmEko,)? 'kuj© zpfygvQuf okc
[k rSwx f ifívdck sijf cif; (t0dZmÆ Eko,)? j'yfyo kH P²mefr&dyS gyJ j'yfyo
kH P²mef
[k xifrw S íf vdck sijf cif; (tEko,) ,)tqifh ]Oyg'gef}rsKd ; jzpfygonf/
tEko,tqifh udavom
pdwaf pwoduv f yk if ef;ü (Oyg'f-XD-bif)taejzifh yg0ifjcif;r&dyS J
yk*K¾d vo f abmyg0ifatmif? taumiftxnf (Ce)oabm yg0ifatmif
(t&dSeft0gay;jcif;))jzpfonf/ y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oemawmft& b0puf
&yfwefYap&ef (ypö y Ü K ef ) tusdK;ig;yg;udk 0dyóem&I&rnf/ ypöyÜKef
tusKd ;ig;yg;wGif ]tv,fcsuf} oVm,we ('Gg&ajcmufyg;) g;)ü xifaom
0dnmPf? emrf&yk ?f zó? a0'emwdu Yk kd trSet f wdik ;f tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå
oabmay:atmif &IEikd yf gu b0pufcsKyNf ird ;f rnf jzpfygonf/
 (13)
]opädu&P&Iaxmifh}
rZÑrd y#dy'goabmt& tpGe;f ESpyf g;&dNS y;D ,if;w&m;rsm;udk ESpBf urd f
y,f&onf/ Ak'a¨ cwfrwdik rf u D &kyef mrfwt Ykd jyif &kyef mrfuakd ppm;aom
yk*K¾d vo
f wå0g (twå)&do S nf[k ,HMk unfMuonf/ yk*K¾d vo f wå0g (twå)&dS
onf[al om t,luykd ,f&ef ]]yk*¾vtewå? yk*¾voknwm}} wm}}oabmudk
azmfjycJoh nf/ ,if;onf rZÑrd y#dy'g\ yxrtBurd f y,fjrpfjcif;jzpfonf/
tEkavmr y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'ft& (aMumif;usdK;jzpfpOf)[lonf ]udav
o0#f? ur®0#f? 0dygu0#f}wd\ Yk tNrrJ jywf w&pyfvnfywfaejcif;
jzpfonf/ 0#fo;kH yg;udyk ,faomtcg taMumif;rjzpfvQif tusKd ;rjzpf?
(aMumif;usdK;csKyfpOf)[laom y#davmr y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'ft& taMumif;
w&m;udk y,f&rnfjzpfonf/ y#davmr y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'f a'oemawmfjzifh
]]"r®tewå? "r®oknwm}} wm}}oabmudk azmfjycJo h nf/ ,if;onf rZÑrd
y#dy'g\ 'kw, d tBurd f y,fjrpfjcif;jzpfonf/
aMumif;usKd ;qufw&m; (0#foHk;yg;) yg;)udk ]y,f} jcif;onf (eda&m")
opömudk ]rsufarSmufjyKjcif;}}yif jzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh þt"dygÜ ,f zGiq hf kd
enf;onf y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fukd opduä &P&Iaxmifrh S csO;f uyfjcif; jzpfygonf/
10/ ukodkvfESifYtukodkvf&Iaxmifh
vlwo Ykd nf um,uH? 0pDu?H raemuHtrIwu Ykd kd jyKMuygonf/
o&kycf yJG gu ukov kd f okrYd [kwf tukov f mjzpfonf/ Ak'®acwf rwdkif
kd o
rSDu ]ukodkvfESifh tukodkvf}udk yk*¾Kdvfowå0g (twå) tay:tajccH
ojzifh ukov kd o f nf ]tqef}w&m;jzpfum twå0efxw k af Mumifh ]twuf}
aES;\? tukov kd o f nf ]tpke}f w&m;jzpfum ]tqif;}oabmjzpfí ydjk ref\/
Ak'a¨ cwfwiG f rZösrd y#dy'gonf (0dyóem)udk nTejf yonf/ y#dpö
 (14)
orkyÜg'fa'oemwGif t0dZÆmypö,mocFg&mt& (t0d Z Æ m ))&Sdaeoí
]tukodkvf} jyKaernfjzpfovddk ]ukodkvf}taeESiv hf nf; umr? &ly? t&ly
ukodkvfwrsdK;rsdK;jzpfNyD; b0pufoHo&m vnfywfaeayrnf/ b0puf
&yfvv kd sS if t0dZmÆ udk y,f&rnf/ t0dZmÆ udyk ,fEidk v f sS if ukov kd f tukovkd f
ocFg&wdYk tvdv k ykd ,fNy;D om; jzpfygonf/
rZösrd y#dy'g (0dyóem)t& avmuudMk unfah omtcg jrifp&m
tm&krH sm;uvnf; tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå? jrifol tm&r®Pu d rsm;uvnf;
tedp?ö 'ku?© tewå/ wrsKd ;wpm;xJ awGzY ef rsm;vmaomtcg avmuü
Ni;D aiGvY mrnf (edA'dÁ g)/ wyfrufjcif;uif;vmrnf (0d&m*)/ vGwaf jrmuf
vmrnf (0drkwåd)/ xdktcg 0d0#³edódwoabmjzifh tukodkvfwdkY qkwf
,kwNf y;D ukov kd w f &m;wdYk wd;k yGg;vmrnfjzpfonf/
0dyóemukov kd uf tukov kd u f kd w'*Fy[mef? 0dur© eÇ y[mefjzifh
y,fjcif;onf rZösdry#dy'g\ yxry,fjcif;jzpfonf/ r*fukodkvfu
orkapä'y[mefjzifh y,fjcif;onf rZösrd y#dy'g\ 'kw, d y,fjcif; jzpfonf/
t&[wår*fjzifh tukodkvfudk orkapä'y[mef t<uif;rJhy,fonfESihf
wNyKd ief uf ukov kd of cFg&rsm; tm;vH;k udv k nf; y,fNy;D jzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh
rZösdry#dy'gonf udavo0#f? ur®0#f? 0dygu0#f tm;vHk;wdkYrSvGwfNyD;
jzpfonf/ xdt k cg 0#fo;kH yg;rSvw G Nf y;D jzpfaom &[EÅmyk*Kv d¾ \ f oEÅmefü
Bud,m aZmpdwfrsm;tjzpfom ajymif;oGm;ygawmhonf/
Bu, d mpdwo f nf ukov kd of abmrSvnf; xajrmufNy;D jzpfonf/
'ge? oDv? bm0emwdjYk yKaomfvnf; ukov kd o
f abm r&Sad wmhbJ Bu, d m
oabm&SdoGm;jcif;jzpfonf/ toGiftaejzifh ukodkvfoabm aqmif
aomfvnf; tESpo f m&taeESihf ukov kd rf [kwb f J Bu, d mom jzpfonf/
 (15)
Bu, d mpdwo f nf tukov kd o f abmrSvnf; xajrmufNy;D jzpfonf/
wkpä (toH;k ruso)l 0ov (ol,w k )f pojzifh Murf;wrf;aom a0g[m&
rsm;udk toH;k jyKaomfvnf; tukov kd o f abm r&Sad wmhbJ Bu, d moabm
om&So d mG ;onf/ toGit f aejzihf tukov kd o
f abm aqmifaomfvnf;
tESpfom&taeESifh tukodkvfr[kwfbJ Bud,mom jzpfawmhonf/
rZösdry#dy'gESifh0dyóem
rZÑrd y#dy'gusiphf OfwiG f tpGe;f ESpyf g;rS xajrmufjcif;udk (Obawm
0k|me)[k owfrw S yf gonf/ "r®pMumwGif rZÑrd y#dy'gt&aumufukd
r*¾i&f pS yf g;[lí a[mMum;awmfro l nf/ r*¾i&f pS yf g;udk em;vnfvv kd Qif
0dyóemoabmudk em;vnf&ef vdo k nf/ 0dyóemudk em;vnfvv kd Qif
ÓPfpOfwu Ykd kd em;vnf&efvykd gonf/
0dyóemÓPfpOfrsm;
0dyóemÓPfpOfrsm;qdo k nfrmS ('Gg&ajcmufyg;) g;)ü xifvmaom
(&kyef mrf) ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåoabmudk (ypöKyÜefusus)
jrifatmif &Irw S af om ÓPfpOfrsm;jzpf\/ 0dyóemtajccH taejzifh
0do'k ad¨ v;rsKd ;udk jynfph akH tmif tm;xkw&f \/ oDv0do'k ?d¨ pdw0å o d 'k ?d¨
'd|0d od 'k Ed¨ iS hf ucFg0dw&P0do'k w d¨ Ykd jzpfMuygonf/
,if;0do'k ad¨ v;rsKd ;onf (&kyfemrf? aMumif;usdK;quf)udk odatmif
tm;xkwaf e&ojzifh 0dyóemtjzpf rowfrw S jf cif;jzpfonf/ 0dyó
emonf or®oeÓPfrpS í tEkavmrÓPfü qH;k ygonf/
0dyóemÓPfpOf (10)yg;
1/ or®oeÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk tedp?ö 'ku?© tewåoabmudk
 (16)
oH;k oyfaomÓPf)
2/ O',AÁ,ÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk jzpfjcif; ysujf cif;udk jrifaomÓPf)
3/ b*FÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk tysucf sn;f jrifaomÓPf)
4/ b,ÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wdu Yk kd aMumufveYaf omÓPf)
5/ tm'De0ÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk tjypfukd jrifaomÓPf)
6/ edA'dÁ gÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wdu Yk kd Ni;D aiGaY omÓPf)
7/ rkpw dö u
k rswmÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wdrYk S vGwaf jrmufcsiaf omÓPf)
8/ y#docFgÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wdu Yk kd wzefjyefvnf oH;k oyfaomÓPf)
9/ ocFg&kayu©mÓPf
(ocFg&w&m;wdu Yk kd Oayu©mjyKaomÓPf)
10/ tEkavmrÓPf (r*fÓPfEiS ahf vQmaf omÓPf)
t&dSESifhtod
avmuwGif trSew f u,f&-Sd r&du S kd todjzifh oufaojy&onf/
Oyrm ]td;k } &d-S r&du S kd odaompdwjf zifh oufaojy&\/ td;k &dv S Qif &daS Mumif;
od&í td;k r&dv S Qiv f nf; r&daS Mumif;od&ygonf/ þ]odpw d }f udk ]tm&Hk
odpdwftqifh}[k ac:ygonf/ wpfzef ydí k aocsmap&ef td;k &d-S r&du S kd
 (17)
odaom(odpw d )f trSew f u,fjzpf&UJ vm;[k (yxrodpdwf)udk ('kwd,
od p d w f )jzifh xyfítm&HkjyKNyD; ]od M unf h } &jyefygonf/ þodpdwfudk
]tm&r®Pduodpdwf}[k ac:onf/ ]tm&r®Pu d odpw d }f tqifah &mufrS
&d-S r&dS oabmonf aocsmygonf/ xdaYk Mumifh odpw d jf zifh oufaojy&mü
]odpdwf} (ESpfBudrf)jzpf&ygonf/ tm&Ho k pd w
d Ef iS hf tm&r®Pu d odpw d wf Ykd
jzpfMuygonf/
xdt Yk wl 0dyóem&I&mü (rlv&kyef mrftm&k)kH ud4k if;? ,if;&kyef mrf
udo k ad ompdwf (tm&r®Pu d )ud4k if; (ESpq f ifh ESpq f if)h &I&ygonf/ þ
oabmudk b*FÓPfü pwifawG&Y ygonf/
avmuod
þavmuü odp&mtm&Hrk sm;ESiyhf wfoufíodaom tod[o l rQ
onf ynwford sm;om jzpfygonf/ ]ynwfod}qdo k nfrmS ouf&o Sd ufrhJ
tm;vH;k wdu Yk kd (wpfckwnf;))taejzifh odjcif;jzpfonf/ ,if;udk Ak'p¨ may
rsm;ü (Ce)(Ce)av;rsKd ; cGí J azmfjyygonf/
1/ oEÅwdCe (umvtm;jzifhwpfckwnf;)
oEÅw[ d ol nf rjywfjzpfaeaom ]a&SUaemuftpOf} jzpfonf/ Ce
[lonf wpfvHk;wnf; wpfckwnf;jzpfonf/ jzpf&yfrsm;onf wpfckpD
wpfcpk D tydik ;f tydik ;f jzpfygvQuf wpfcw k nf;ozG,f jzpfay:aeMuonf/
oEÅwdCeonf ]umv\o&k y f }aqmifrIjzpfonf/ jzpf&yf (Bud,m)
wdkY\ tpOftwef;onfyif umvjzpfonf[k qdkMuonf/ umv\
tpGr;f aMumifh ykxZk Ofwo Ykd nf tpdwpf w d f tydik ;f ydik ;f jzpfaeaom jzpf&yf
rsm;udk wpfaygif;wnf;jyKí wpfcw k nf;uJo h Ykd jrifaeMujcif;jzpfygonf/
 (18)
2/ orl[Ce (a'otm;jzifhwpfckwnf;)
orl[[lonf t&m0w¬Kw\ Ykd ]taygif;} jzpfonf/ þavmuü
&kyfjzpfap emrfjzpfap wpfckwnf;taejzifh rwnfEdkifyJ taygif;tpk
tjzpfom wnfEikd \ f nf; t0dead AÇm* (&kyf&Spfck)yg0if\/
f / &kyjf zpfvQiv
emrfjzpfvQiv f nf; tenf;qH;k oAÁpw d o å m"m&P ]apwoduf (7)vHk;}}ESihf
wuG ]pdwfwpfvHk;}}yg0ifNy;D pkpak ygif; (8)vHk;yg0if\/ odyYk gvQuf orl[
CeaMumifh wpfcw k nf;uJo h Ykd xif&onf/ orl[Ceonf a'o\o&kyf
aqmifrIjzpfonf/ xdkYaMumifh t&m0w¬K (um&u)rsm;onf orl[
Ce\ txdr;f trSwrf sm; jzpfMuonf/ orl[Ce\ t"dygÜ ,ft& ]a'o}
obm0tm;jzifh wpfcw k nf;[k azmfjyMujcif;jzpfonf/
3/ udpöCe (Bud,mtm;jzifhwpfckwnf;)
udpC ö eonf oEÅwC d e\qifyh mG ;jzpfonf/ oEÅwC d ewGif umv
udk t"duxm;&nfneT ;f aomfvnf; udpC ö ewGif ]Bud,m}
m}udk t"duxm;
&nfneT ;f ygonf/ jrif&mwGif ]pdwfapwoduf}rsm;onf rdrw Ykd }oD;jcm;
d \
udpörsm;}sm;}udk yg0ifaqmif&u G af omfvnf; ]jrifjcif;}}udpu
ö kd ]wpfckwnf;}
uJoYkd odygonf/ xdt Yk wl oGm;&mü ajcudk rjcif; vSr;f jcif; csjcif;udprö sm;
yg0ifaomfvnf; ]oGm;jcif;}}udpöudk ]wpfckwnf;}}uJhodkY odMuygonf/
þoabmudk udpöCe[k ac:ygonf/ udpöCeudk ]Bud,m}tm;jzifh
]wpfcw k nf;}[k azmfjyjcif; jzpfygonf/
4/ tm&r®PCe (tm&Hktm;jzifhwpfckwnf;)
tm&r®PCe[lonf orl[Ce\qifhyGm;jzpfonf/ Oyrm
jrif&mü jrifpw d f (pu©K0dnmPf)jzifh tqif;(&lyg&Hk)udo k mjrifí j'yfoP²mef
]yk*d¾Kvfowå0g}g}rsm;udk rjrifEdkifyg/ vSjcif; rvSjcif;rsm;udkvnf; rjrif
 (19)
Edik yf g/ yk*K¾d vo Yk kd jrifjcif;rSm ]&lyg&Hk} r[kwb
f wå0g vSjcif; rvSjcif;wdu f J
]"r®m&Hk}rsm;omjzpfMuonf/ xdaYk Mumifh jrifjcif;wGif ]&lyg&HkESifh "r®m&Hk}wdYk
yg0ifaomfvnf; avmuodoabmt& ]cGJjcm;} cm;}rjrifEikd yf J ]wpfckwnf;}
aom tm&Ht k jzpf aygif;íjrifMuonf/ xdo k Ykd jrifp&m tm&Hrk sm;onf
wpfckpD oD;jcm;pDjzpfaomfvnf; wpfckwnf;uJhodkY xifvmjcif;udk
tm&r®PCe[k ac:ygonf/

Ak'¨acwf\tjrifopf
Ak'a¨ cwfü twåuykd ,fzsu&f ef tm;xkwjf cif;jzpfonf/
]twå }udktajccHjcif;onf owå0gwdkY\ ]yuwd o abm] abm]jzpfonf/
oH o &m rS v G w f a jrmuf & ef tpk e f o abmjzif h tm;xk w f í r&/
tqefoabmjzifh ]twåudk y,fzsuf}&ef tm;xkw&f jcif;jzpfonf/
0dyóemusiphf Oft& ]todESpfrsdK;} &So d nf/ yk*K¾ v
d o
f wå0godEiS hf
"r®ojd zpfonf/ (yk*¾Kdvfowå0god)oabmudk ]tEko,udavom} vom}[k
ac:onf/ tEko,udavom\ teuft"dygÜ ,frmS owå0gwdo Yk EÅmefü
tpOfwpdu k f ]udef;}}aeonhhf ]udavom}
vom}jzpfonf/ t&yfo;kH a0g[m&jzifh
]ig? oif? ol} [k ac:onf/ tem*grfrsm;onfyif &ly? t&ly ukov kd w
f üYkd
yk*¾Kdvfowå0goabmudk rxnfhbJ raeEdkifonfhtwGuf &lyb0 t&ly
b0wdüYk MuifvnfaeMu&jcif; jzpfygonf/
(tEk o ,),)ud a vomud k (y,f ) owf & ef ]0d y óem} óem}ud k
a[mawmf rl j cif ; jzpf o nf / cE® m ig;yg; &k y f e mrf w &m;wd k Y \
vkyfaqmifrItay:wGif ]ig? ol} [laom yk*¾Kdvfowå0goabm
ryg0ifapbJ &IrSwf&rnf/ xdktcg ]ig? ol} r[kwfbJ ]&k y f w &m;?
 (20)
emrf w &m;}
&m;}wd k Y \ vk y f a qmif r I t jzpf jrif v m rnf / xd k t cg
'kw, d todjzpfaom ]"r®tod} jzpfy:vmrnf/
"r®tvif;a&mufvsS if tarSmifaysmufouJo h Ykd yk*K¾ v
d of wå0g[l
onf trSerf &Sb d J &kyef mrf"r® ocFg&rsm;om&Sad Mumif;? ,if; &kyef mrf "r®
ocFg&rsm;onfvnf; ]'ku©}omjzpfaMumif;? 'ku©\tqHk;ü ]oEdÅokc}
&Sad Mumif;? ud,
k wf ikd f rsuaf rSmufjyKEikd yf gvdrrhf nf/ ud,
k w f ikd f rsuaf rSmuf
jyK&ef 0dyóemusiphf Ofrw S pfyg; tjcm;r&dyS g/

owdy|mefa'oem
owdy|mefa'oemonf 0dyóemvkyif ef;ESihf 0dyóem\a&S;OD;
vkyif ef;rsm;udk nTejf yonfah 'oemjzpfonf/ ,if;vkyif ef;pOfwiG f &kyef mrf
obm0udk taMumif;ESiw hf uG ydik ;f jcm;odoul kd ]plVaomwmyef} odrYk [kwf
]uvsmPykxkpOf}[k ac:Muygonf/ xdt k qifu h kd ]'Gd[dwf}yk*K¾d vrf sm;yif
a&mufEdkifaMumif; qdkMuonf/ w&m;tm;rxkwfyJ pmayusrf;*efod
oufoufukd qdv k jkd cif;r[kwyf g/
tmemyge (0ifavxGufav&Ienf;)
0ifavxGuaf v&I&mwGif atmufygenf;(3)enf;udk toH;k jyKEikd f
ygonf/
1/ a&wGuí f rSwef nf; (*Pemenf;)
2/ ra&wGuyf J rSwef nf;(tEkAE¨emenf;)
3/ xdoed nf; (zkoemenf;)
owdy|mefw&m;awmfwiG f tmemygeudk yxrpwkuú wpfcw k nf;
om y"mexm;í a[mMum;awmfryl gonf/ ,if;udk v,fwq D &mawmf
 (21)
bk&m;Bu;D u ]owdNrJ&m yxrm? 'krSm wdk&Snfod? vHk;pHkvif;&m wüom?
prSm Nidrf;avbd} [lí rSww f rf;wifcyhJ gonf/
owdxlaxmifrI
0ifavxGuaf vudk &IoiG ;f &Ixw k af omtcg owdjzifh atmufarh
&ygonf/ owdxm;&mü a&wGuef nf;udjk zpfap? ra&wGuyf J rSwef nf;udk
jzpfapoH;k Edik yf gonf/ xdo S &f mwGif ]xd-od-owd} yg0ifatmif
k Ykd &Irw
tm;xkwEf ikd yf gonf/ od&Yk mwGif rnfonfeh nf;udk oH;k onfjzpfap ]owd}
xlaxmifrzd yYkd if jzpfygonf/ owdaumif;av 0ifavxGuaf vtm&Hk
ydkíxif&Sm;avjzpfygonf/ ]xd o d } yg0ifatmif tm;xkwfEdkifvQif
owdxal xmifrI tm;aumifNy;D ]0dyóem] óem]twGuf tusKd ;rsm;ygonf/
0ifavxGuaf vudk rSwaf epOf pdwo f nf ysUH vGiw
hf wfygonf/ ysUH
vGio hf mG ;onfuo kd ad tmif owdjzifrh w S yf g/ ]tm&Hk}[lorQukd tvGwrf cHyJ
]owd}jzifh odaevQif w&m;rSwjf cif; tvkyyf ifjzpfygonf/ tm&Hw k pfyg;
odYk vGijhf cif;a&mufjcif;udk vGirhf eS ;f a&mufreS ;f odvQif w&m;rSwjf cif;yif
jzpfonf/ vGirhf eS ;f a&mufreS ;f rodro S m w&m;rSwjf cif;r[kw[ f k rSw,f l
yg/ ]owdr&dS}onft h wGuf vGirhf eS ;f a&mufreS ;f ]rodjcif;} jzpfygonf/
owdonf tm&Ht k rsm;ESihf qufqyH gonf/ ]rnfonfhtm&Hk}
a&mufa&muf ]owd}rvGwyf J ]rSwf}Edik rf o S m owdxal xmifrI aumif;
vmrnfjzpfonf/ owdxal xmif&mü tm&Hrk sm;rsm;odEikd af v owdtm;
aumif;avjzpfonf/ owdaumif;vmaomtcg tm&Hrk sm;udk usu J srJ S
pdwpf w d f odvmrnf jzpfygonf/
aMumif;usdK;qufw&m;
]£ro®d Howd £'Ha[mwd} (þ[mjzpfvQif þ[mjzpfrnf)
 (22)
[l a om y#d p ö o rk y Ü g 'f a 'oemt& ]avmu} jzpf p Of r sm;onf
]aMumif ; usd K ;quf } w&m;rsm;omjzpf y gonf / pd w f v G i f h j cif ;
pdwt f jyifxu G jf cif;wdo Yk nf taMumif;&dí S vGijhf cif;xGujf cif;jzpfonf/
taMumif;csKyaf omf vGijhf cif; xGujf cif;wdYk jzpfrnfr[kwyf g/ ,if;wdo Yk nf
]"r®oabm} abm}rQom jzpfygonf/ od k Y a omf ]yk * ¾ v }}oabmjzif h pd w f
rvG i f h a tmif rxG u f a tmif xd e f ; csKyf ygu ] t w å }}oabm
oufa&mufEdkifygonf/ vGifhp&m taMumif;&dSí vGifhjcif; jzpfojzifh
vGirhf eS ;f xGurf eS ;f odatmif ]owdjzifhrSwf}&ayrnf/ xdo k Ykd rSwyf gu o'¨g?
0D&, d ? owd? orm"d? ynmwdYk wd;k wufvmrnf jzpfygonf/
owd\Oy|meudpö
0ifavxGuaf vudk &Irw S &f mü ]owd}udk tNrw J rf; ]tajccH}&rnf
jzpfonf/ owdukd ]orm"dzHk;}}roGm;atmif? owdukd ]0D&d,vGef}roGm;
atmif tNro J wd&&Sd rnf/ ]0D&d,ESifhorm"donf ukodkvftukodkvf}
ESpfrsdK;vHk;ESifh qufqHaomaMumifh rSm;,Gif;Edkifygonf/ owdonf
tukov kd Ef iS hf rqufqo H jzifh (owdudktajccHaom 0D&d,ESifhorm"d)
rsKd ;jzpf&rnf/ þae&mü owdukd tajccH&rnf[q k &kd mwGif ]tm&Hk}rsm;
udk yk*d¾Kvftaejzifh aMumifhMupdkufNyD; vdkufrSwfrae&yJ "r®oabm
]owd}jzifh tvdv k x kd ifvmjcif;rsKd ; jzpfonf/ þodYk jzpfvmrSom owd\
Oy|meudpö jynfph v kH mayrnf/
"r®Asmyg&oabmudk avmutawGt Y MuKH rsm;üvnf; &aumif;
ygonf/ Oyrm pum;ajym&if; vrf;avQmufomG ;ygu ajcrsm;u olt Y
vdv k kd *&kpu kd Nf y;D avQmufomG ;jcif;rsKd ;jzpfonf/ odaYk omf (owdvkyfief;
rygojzif h w&m;tm;xk w f j cif ; r[k w f y g/) tm&HkwdkYonf ]owd \
 (23)
tpG r f ; }}aMumifh ]pd w f }ü xifvmygonf/ (owd ),SOfrSom]uk ]uk o d k v f }
oabmudk taMumif;jyKí rSefuefaomvkyfief;tjzpf owfrSwfEdkif
ygonf/ owdxal xmifrI atmifjrifaomtcg qdik &f modum© yk'rf sm;jzifh
apmifhxdef;tyfaomoDvonf owdjzifh apmifhpnf;rI (owdoH0&) &)?
0D&, d jzifh apmifph nf;rI (0D&d,oH0&) &)? cEÅjD zifh apmifph nf;rI (cEÅDoH0&) &)?
ÓPfjzifh apmifph nf;rI (ÓPoH0&) &)oabm ouf0ifvmrnf jzpfonf/
xdtk cg yk*K¾d vo f wå0goabmrS uif;a0;vmNy;D y&rw¬oabm? obm0
oabmwdYk xif&mS ;pGm ay:vGiv f mrnfjzpfygonf/
]owdNrJ&m yxrm} qdo k nft h wdik ;f 0ifavxGuaf vtm&Hw k u Ykd kd
owdxm;&IrSwfaomtcg ]owd } onf ]cd k i f N rJ } vmrnf/ xdktcg
(udkifvQifudkifrSef;od? xdvQifxdrSef;od)vmrnf/ þodv Yk Qif ajymrI?
vkyrf ?I oGm;rI? vmrI? pm;rI aomufrpI onfwüYkd }owd}onf ]tvdkvdk}
vdkufygvmrnf/ xdktcg owdxlaxmifrI txajrmufNyD[kqdkonf/
]owd}onf (oDv))udv k nf; apmifx h ed ;f onf/ (orm"d)udv k nf; apmifh
xde;f onf/ (ynm) (ynm)udv k nf; apmifx h ed ;f ygonf/ odum© oH;k yg;vH;k udyk if
apmifx h ed ;f onf/ xdaYk Mumifh ]or®m0gpm? or®mur®EÅ? or®mtmZD0}
wdoYk nf a&SmifMuOfro I v D ü ({u&o)
({u&o)tjzpf pkaygif;um (oDv0dok'¨d)
jzpfonf rnfygonf/
owdNrJ&myxrm? 'krSmwdk&Snfod
owdNrv J mNyq D ykd gu 'kw, d tqift h aejzifh 0ifavxGuaf vudk
&Snv f Qif &Snrf eS ;f odí wdv k Qif wdrk eS ;f odvmygrnf/ xdt k cg owdonf
wjznf;jznf; &ifu h suv f monf/ rdr\ d rlvtm&Ho k mru jyifytm&Hrk sm;
udyk g owduyfvmrnf/ ]owd}onf yk*v ¾ Asmyg&jzifh vky, f &l onfh
 (24)
tqifu f ("r®Asmyg&) jzifh ]orÜZn} ac:todEiS hf ,SOv
h akd usmí f m
ygonf/ owdonf ]orÜZn}ESihf ,SOv f maomtcg (orm"de,f)odYk
0ifvmNyDjzpfonf/ xdktcg 0D&d,onfvnf; (y*¾[)bm0emjzifh
qdik &f mw&m;rsm;udk axmufyo hH nf/ ]owd}uvnf; (Oy|me)bm0emjzifh
]tm&H k }rsm;udk pdwfü tvdkvd]xif k] xif}vmatmif aqmif&Gufvmonf/
orm"duvnf; (t0dau©y)bm0emjzifh pdwrf ysUH vGiahf tmif xde;f odr;f
vmonf/ þodjYk zifh ]owd? 0D&d,? orm"d}wdo Yk nf rdrw d \ Ykd oD;jcm;
udprö sm;udk aqmif&u G &f if; wnfMunfrI (orm"d)ü ]{u&o} taejzifh
pk&;kH rdvmaomtcg (pdwå0dok'¨d)onf jzpfay:vmavonf/
'k w d , tqif h t & ]owdonf ]orÜZn}ac:
ynm}
ynm}yg0ifvmaomf vnf; ,if;onf 0dyóemynm r[kwaf o;yJ
(orm"dynm)
(orm"dynm)rQom jzpf y gonf / owd o nf ]orÜ Z n}ES i f h
,SOw f v
JG maomfvnf; orm"d odum© udk jznfq h nf;jcif; tqifüh om
&dyS gao;onf/
orÜZnav;yg;
owdonf ]yk*¾vAsmyg&} oabmrS ]"r®Asmyg&} oabmodYk ouf
0ifvmvQif (or®mowd)r*¾ix f u kd v
f mrnf/ wGzJ uf 0D&, d onfvnf;
or®m0g,mr r*¾if xdu k v f monf/ xdt k cg olt
Y vdv k kd owd&o Sd l (owdrm)?
pdwftm;xufoefol (tmwmyD) jzpfvmNyD; orÜZnyg ,SOfwGJyg0if
vmavonf/ ]orÜZn} av;rsKd ;&dyS gonf/
1/ omw¬uorÜZn
2/ oyÜg,orÜZn
3/ a*gp&orÜZn
 (25)
4/ toar®m[orÜZnwdYk jzpfMuygonf/
1/ omw¬uorÜZn
tusKd ;&daS tmif toH;k csEikd rf jI zpfonf/ avmuwGif um,uH? 0pD
uH? raemuHwo Ykd nf a&SmifMuOfír&aom vkyif e;frsm;jzpfonf/ a&SUodYk
wufjcif; aemufoq Ykd w
k jf cif;ponfwu Ykd kd "r®&aI xmifrh S toH;k csEikd &f ef
owd&&Sd ayrnf/ owdonff ]"r®Asmyg&} taejzifh olt Y vdv
k kd xifaom
]owd} jzpf&rnf/ "r®Asmyg&owd jzpfay:vmaomtcg 0D&, d ? cEÅ?D
£ajEw ´ o
Ykd nfvnf; jzpfay:vmNy;D orm"dou d m© onf jynfph v kH mrnf
jzpfonf/ "r®a&;&mvkyif ef;ü ]yk*¾v}}Asmyg&jzifh ]pí} ]pí}aqmif&u G &f aomf
vnf; ]"r®Asmyg&}
smyg&}oabmonf wajz;ajz; wd;k wufvmrnf jzpfygonf/
2/ oyÜg,orÜZn
ur®|mef;vkyif ef;ESiyhf wfoufí oifah vQmaf tmif tH0ifciG u f s jzpf
atmif cGicf sEikd rf jI zpfonf/ cGicf swwfrS tcsK;d tqpfajyjypfrnf/ w&m;
"r¨ yDovmrnfjzpfonf/ þodjYk zifh oyÜg,orÜZn&Iaxmifrh S rdrEd iS hf
oifah vQmaf om ur®|mef;tm&H\ k oabmudk em;vnftyfygonf/
3/ a*gp&orÜZn
vkyif ef;ESiyhf wfoufí vdt k yfaom0w¬Kukd odrjI zpfonf/ "r®t&mü
ur®|mef;tm&HkudkodrIjzpfonf/ w&m;tm;xkwfEdkifa&;twGuf ur®
|mef; tm&Hu k kd &atmif,El ikd jf cif;onf a*gp&orÜZn jzpfygonf/
4/ toar®m[orÜZn
rawGra0aomtm;jzifh odjcif;jzpfonf/ þavmuü "r®ouf
oufom&do S nf/ yk*K¾d vo f wå0g? a,mufsm;rde;f r r&d[ S al om odjcif;rsKd ;udk
rawGra0odjcif;[k qdo k nf/ yk*K¾d vuf "r®ukd odjcif;rsKd ;r[kwyf J "r®u
 (26)
"r® udk odjcif;rsKd ;om jzpfonf/ awGa0aom todjzifo h rd I (oar®m[
orÜZn)onf avmuod yk*K¾d vo f o
d mjzpfí (owdy|mef)t&mü toH;k r
0ifyJ avmua&;&müom toH;k 0ifygonf/
orÜZnav;yg;udk (y&d , wf )taejzifh ]cG J j cm;} cm;}ajymEdkifaomf
vnf; (y#dywf)t&mü ]wpfaygif;wnf;}}yifjzpfygonf/ þonfuykd if
({u&o)
({u&o)[k qdMk uygonf/
vHk;pHkvif;&m w-üom? prSm Nidrf;avbd
a,m*Donf 0ifavxGuaf vudk &Snrf eS ;f wdrk eS ;f odNy;D 0ifav
xGuaf v\ ]p-v,f-qHk;} oH;k rsKd ;vH;k udk odvmygonf/ yxrtqifw h iG f
0ifwikd ;f od xGuw f ikd ;f odjzifh owdukd OD;pGm xlaxmif&ygonf/ 'kw, d
tqifhwGif &SnfrSef;wdkrSef;odjzifh orÜZOfÓPf0ifvmonf/ wwd,
tqift h & 0ifavxGuaf v\ ]p-v,f-qHk;} oH;k yg;vH;k udk ESmoD;zsm;
]wpfae&mwnf;}}ü ]"r®Asmyg&} jzifh tvdt k avQmuf odvmrnfjzpfonf/
wwd,tqifh tm;xkwNf y;D aomtcg owdEiS o hf rm"dwo Ykd nf
tvGet f m;aumif;vmonf/ odaYk omf 0ifavxGuaf vudk Edik ef if;jcif;
r&daS o;yg/ xdaYk Mumifh pwkwt ¬ qifth & ]prSm Nird ;f avbd}[k v,fwD
q&mawmfb&k m;Bu;D \vuFmtwdik ;f &ke&Yf if;aom um,ocFg& (0ifav
xGuaf v)udkd Nird ;f apvQuf avhusi&hf \/ xdo k Ykd usi&hf mwGif yk*v¾ Asmyg&
udk ausmv f "r®Asmyg&oabma&mufatmif usi&hf rnf/ (yk*¾v
f eG í
Asmyg&)
Asmyg&)onf ]tEko,} oabmjzpfonf/ tEko,oabmjzpfygu
um&u (twå)oabmrsm;yg0ifNy;D ]um,uH&Sif}rsm;jzpfvmygonf/
xdktcg tpGef;w&m;ESpfyg;jzpfonfh ]ed r d w å E S i f h y 0wå } oabmouf
a&mufygonf/ tpGe;f ESpyf g;rS vGwaf jrmuf&ef ]"r®Asmyg&} smyg&}oabma&muf
 (27)
atmif avhusi&hf jcif;jzpfonf/ ]tpGef;ESpfyg;} g;}rS vGwaf jrmufjcif;udyk if
rsuaf rSmufjyKjcif; (opädu&P) &P)[k qdMk uygonf/ um,uH&iS f (twå)
rsm;tjzpfrS vGwaf jrmufjcif;yif jzpfygonf/
þ0ifavxGuaf vü rsuaf rSmufjyKjcif; (opäu d &P)oabmudk
r&aumif;yg/ rsuaf rSmufjyKjcif; (opädu&P) &P)onf ]r*fÓPf zdkÓPf}
\oabmjzpfonf/ 0ifavxGuaf vonf orm"d\oabmomjzpfonf/
od&Yk mwGif bk&m;&Si\ f vrf;pOfü vkyif ef;[lorQonf (t&[wåzdkvfudk
txGwfwif&ef) OD;wnfcsuf&dSaeygonf/ t&[wåzdkvfudk OD;wnf
csu&f o Sd nf qdyk gu (twåuif;))rIonf ]y"me} ]y"me}vkyif ef; jzpfygonf/
xdkYaMumifh (twå )oabmoufa&mufaom ]yk*¾vAsmyg&} Asmyg&}udk ausmf
vGe&f ef (owdjzifh orm"d)udk xlaxmif&jcif; jzpfygonf/
0ifavxGuaf vonf ]cE¨mudk,f}ESiphf yfaeaomaMumifh (um,
ocFg&) &)[k qdjk cif;jzpfonf/ 0ifavxGuaf vMurf;vQif cE¨mud, k Mf urf;í
0ifavxGuaf v odraf rGv Y Qif cE¨mud,k of rd af rG\Y / xdaYk Mumifh ud, k \f
yifyef;jcif; pdw\ f yifyef;jcif; uif;a0;ap&ef 0ifavxGuaf vudk Edik ef if;
zdv
Yk ykd gonf/ 0ifavxGuaf vudk Edik ef if;aomtcg ud, k \f Nird ;f at;jcif;
pdwf\Nidrf;at;jcif;wdkY &&dSrnfjzpfonf/ 0ifavxGufav\t"du
&nf&, G cf surf mS orm"d&&d&S efyif jzpfygonf/
edrdwfrsm;
owdut kd ajccHí 0ifavxGuaf vudrk w S jf cif;jzifh orm"dukd xl
axmifonfhtcg &&dSaomorm"dtvdkuf xifvmonfhedrdwfrsm;rSm
atmufygtwdik ;f (3)rsKd ;&dyS gonf/
 (28)
1/ y&dur®edrdwf
y&dur®erd w d [ l nf 0ifavxGuaf vyif jzpfonf/ ]0ifrSef;od
f o
xGufrSef;od} jzpfatmif ]owd}uyfNy;D ]rSwf}&onf/ xdo k Ykd rSwjf cif;jzifh
]orm"d}ud&k ygonf/ ,if;orm"dukd ]y&dur®orm"d} [kac:onf/ y&dur®
qdok nfrmS rlvtajccHjzpfygonf/ y&dur®erd w d [ f ol nf (rlvtajc
cHtm&Hk) jzpfonf/ y&dur®orm"donf rlvtajccH orm"djzpfygonf/
2/ O*¾[edrdwf
]raem}
]raem}'Gg&jzifh ,ltyfaom (tm&Hk)jzpfonf/ ]y&dur®edrdwf}wGif
]yOö ' G g &}
&}wdkYjzifh oifhavQmfaomtm&Hkudk ,lEdkifNyD; ]O*¾ [ ed r d w f }wGif
]raem'Gg&} jzifo h m ,lEikd yf gonf/ O*¾[edrw d o f nf trsKd ;rsKd ;jzpfEikd of nf/
tvif;a&mifrsm;? &kyyf mG ;apwDawmfrsm;? wdu k f tdrf ausmif;rsm;? opfyif?
a&jyif? aumif;uif? vlao? vl&iS ?f rdrrd supf ?d em;? ESmacgif;? vQm? 0rf;Adu k ?f
ajc? vuf? t&d;k pk ponfjzifh ra&rwGuEf ikd af tmif rsm;jym;vSygonf/
tbd"r®wo ¬ *F[usr;f üvnf; yuwdrsupf jd zifh Munfo h \ l pu©K
'Gg&tm; xifjcif;odYk a&mufouJo h Ykd (raem'Gg&)
&)tm; ]xif}jcif;odYk a&muf
vm\/ ,if;tm&Ho k nf (O*¾[edrdwf)rnf\/ tbd"r®m0wm&usr;f ü
rsupf zd iG x hf m;csed üf xifjcif;odaYk &mufvmouJo h Ykd ]rsufpdrSdwf}xm;csed üf
xifjcif;odYk a&mufvmjim;tH?h xdt k cg (O*¾[edrdwf)jzpfNy[ D k qdt k yf\/
O*¾[edrdwfwdkYonf ay:vdkufaysmufvdkuf eD;vdkufa0;vdkuf
Bu;D vdu k af o;vdu k f ponfjzifh (rwnfNidrf)Muyg/ xdt k qifw h iG &f &daS om
orm"donf ]y&dur®orm"d}yif jzpfygonf/ odaYk omf a&SUa&SU orm"dwYkd
xuf rsm;pGm wnfMunfvmygonf/
 (29)
3/ y#dbm*edrdwf
O*¾[tqifw h iG f edrw d of nf ]rwnfNidrfyJ rdSef}\/ y#dbm*
tqifhwGif edrdwfonf ]wnfNidrfNyD; xif&Sm;};}\/ O*¾[tqifhwGif
ay:vdu k af ysmufvu kd jf zpfí y#dbm*edrw d w f iG f raysmufyaJ y:íae\/
xdt
k qifw h iG &f aom orm"dukd ]Oypm&orm"d} odrYk [kwf ]Oypm&psmef}
[k ac:ygonf/
y#dbm*edrw d Ef iS yhf wfoufí tm&Ho k nf wpfrsKd ;wnf;jzpfaomf
vnf; orm"drmS ESprf sKd ;uGyJ gonf/ (tEkorm"d)udk ]Oypm&orm"d}[k
ac:Ny;D (t&ifhorm"d)udk ]tyÜemorm"d}[k ac:ygonf/
Oypm&orm"djzifh y#dbm*edrw d u f jkd rif&mü -
(u) rrdeS f xif&mS ;\/
(c) rvIyf wnfNird \ f /
tyÜemorm"djzifh y#dbm*edrw d u f kd jrif&mü -
(u) rrdeS f xif&mS ;\/
(c) rvIyf wnfNird \ f /
(*) ]raysmuf cdkifNrJ}\/
Oypm&orm"dü y#dbm*rdew d u f kd tvGeq f ;kH (rdepfo;kH q,f) ausmf
omjrif&NyD; aysmufuG,foGm;wwf\/ xdkedrdwfjyefay:atmif ESvHk;
oGi;f aomfvnf; (csufcsif;jyefay:rvm) y:rvm)wwfay/ tyÜemorm"dürl
y#dbm*edrw d u f kd (wpfaeYvHk;))Munfah evQiv f nf; emusif udu k cf jJ cif;?
tdyif ukd jf cif;[lír&db S J aeEdik \ f / tm&Hjk zwfum aemufxyf jyefMunfh
vdvk Qiv f nf; (csufcsif;yif xifxif&Sm;&Sm;jyefjrif)Edik \ f /
owdut kd ajccHí ]0ifrSef;odxGufrSef;od}jzifh tm;xkwaf om
 (30)
tcsKd U yk*K¾dvw f w Ykd iG f xd]ed
]k edrdwfoHk;yg;}
yg;}vH;k udk &Edik yf gonf/ odaYk omf tvGeef nf;
ygonf/ trsm;tm;jzifh ]'krSm &Snfwdkod} [laom 'kw, d tqifah &muf
rSom edrw d o f ;kH yg;udk &ygonf/ xdek rd w d o f ;kH yg;&Ny;D wwd,tqifw h iG f
0ifavxGuaf vudk ]p-v,f-qH;k }odaeatmif tm;xkw&f ygonf/
xdkYaemuf pwkw¬tqifhjzifh 0ifavxGufavudk Nidrf;atmif
tm;xkw&f jcif; jzpfonf/ xdt k cg ud, k af &mpdwyf g odraf rGEY ;l nHv h myg
onf/ Oyrm tnpftaMu; uif;pifaom a&Tonf xkvQirf uGJ qGv J Qif
rjywf/ xdt Yk wl cE¨mwGif ]udk,fylyefrI? pdwfylyefrI} tnpftaMu;
]uif ; pif }vmaomtcg a,m*DqE´twdkif; jzpfvmygonf/ xdktcg
a,m*Donf pdwu f kd y#dbm*edrw d af y:ü ajymif;íxm;&ygonf/ þodYk
y#dbm*edrw d t f ay:ü pdwu f xkd m;í tm;xkwjf cif;udk ]|myemenf;}}[k
ac:ygonf/ xd|k myemenf;jzifh a&SUquf tm;xkwv f Qif ]psmef}udk &ygonf/
0dyóemtm;rxkwfrD jynfhpHk&rnfhtqifh (4)rsdK;
1/ oDv&djS cif; (oDv 0do'k )d¨
2/ orm"d&jSd cif; (pdwå 0do'k )d¨
3/ 'd|u d if;jcif; ('d|d 0do'k )d¨
4/ 0dpu d pd mä uif;jcif; (ucFg0dw&P 0do'k )d¨
pdwpf ifMu,frI orm"d&Ny;D aemuf 'd|Ed iS 0hf pd u d pd mä uif;&eftwGuf
0dyóembufoYkd ul;Edik yf gonf/ tmemygerS 0dyóemul;&mü oifah vsmf
]orm"d}tqifo
aom]orm"d h nf ]orÜZn ac: ÓPf}ygaomtqifh jzpfonf/
]&Snfwdkod}[laom 'kwd,tqifhjzpfonf/ ,if;tqifhwGif udk,fEIwf
pifMu,frI ]oDv0dok'¨d? pdwfpifMu,frI ]pdwå0dok'¨d}vnf; txdkuf
tavsmuf &Sv d mygonf/ xdt k cg &kyef mrfwu Ykd kd tm&Hjk yKEikd v
f mygonf/
 (31)
&k y f e mrf u d k y d k i f ; jcm;od j cif ;
vu©Pm? &o? ypöKy|mefuo kd v d Qif &kyef mrfuykd ikd ;f jcm;odaom ]emr
&lyy&dapä'ÓPf}udk &í y'|mefuo kd v d Qif taMumif;udk odr;f qnf;od
aom ]ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf}ud&k onf rnfygonf/ ,if;ÓPfEpS rf sKd ;udk
&aomtcg (plVaomwmyef)rnfygonf/ þae&mü qdv k akd om emrf&yk f
odqo kd nfrmS owdy|mefa'oemawmft& ]owd orÜZn} n}ESihf jynfph kH
aom y&dur® (cPdu))orm"dtqifrh S 0dyóemodYk ul;ajymif;&Irw S f
aom a,m*D\ (emrf&kyf)udk ]taMumif;ESifhwuGodrI}yif jzpfygonf/
vu©Pm? &o? ypöKy|mef? y'|mef
&kyef mrfEiS yhf wfoufí vu©Pm[lonf rSwo f m;aMumif; ]trSwf
tom;} jzpfonf/ &oonf &kyfemrfwdkY\ ]jyKzG,fudpö} jzpfonf/
ypöKy|mefonf w&m;tm;xkwo l ]ÓPf}wGif xifvmaom ]tjcif;
f \
t&m} jzpfonf/ y'|mefonf &kyef mrfw\ Ykd ]eD;aomtaMumif;}}jzpfonf/
&orS ypöKy|mef
&oESiyhf pöKy|mefwiG f &kyef mrfw\ Ykd ]oD;jcm;}
jcm;}qdik &f mudprö sm;onf
(&o)
(&o)jzpfonf/ udprö sm;pGmwdo Yk nf ]{u&o ac: wpfckwnf;}}aom
udpt ö jzpfoYkd a&mufatmif aygif;pnf;Muaomtcg {u&otaejzifh
a,m*D\ ]ÓPf}wGif xifvmjcif;onf ]ypöKy|mef}rnfygonf/
ypö,y&d*[ ¾ ÓPftwGuf taMumif;udo k rd ;f qnf;&mü (eD;aom
taMumif;))ud4k if; (a0;aomtaMumif;))ud4k if; odr;f qnf;&ygonf/
tbd"r®menf;t& xif&mS ;ap&ef eD;aomtaMumif; (y'|mef)udk azmfjy
jcif; jzpfonf/ eD;onfjzpfap? a0;onfjzpfap ]rSefuef}aom (aMumif;usdK;
quf)udo k v d Qif ]ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf}udk &onfrnfygonf/
 (32)
qDavsmaf omtaMumif;ud&k &I mü y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fenf;? y|mef;enf;
wdtYk & qifjcifEikd v f sS if aumif;pGm jrifv, G af omfvnf; tbd"r®moabm
f sS if qifjcif&ef cJ,Of;aomaMumifh &kycf E¨mtwGuf (uH? pdwf?
udk rEdik v
Owk ? tm[m&)
tm[m&)[laomtaMumif;? emrfcE¨mtwGuf (tm&H k ? 'G g &?
a,medaomreodum&) paom taMumif;rsm;udk qifjcifuek &f m\/
edAÁmefESifh wlaomOyrmr&dS
edAmÁ ef[o
l nf &kyef mrfocFg& 0#fqif;&J[o l rQw\ Ykd (Nidrf;&m Nidrf;
aMumif; Nidrf;jcif;oabm)oabm)rQomjzpfonf/ ,if;oabmonf MupH nf
pOf;pm;íodEikd af omt&mrsKd ;r[kw/f ynm&dw Ykd m ]r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPf}
S o
ESihf ]rsufarSmufjyK} odjriftyfaom ]tocFw} y&rwfw&m;jzpfonf/
edAmÁ efonf tqif;r&d?S yHo k P²mefr&d?S t&G,t f pm; twdik ;f t&Snf yrmP
r&daS omaMumifh wlaomEdiI ;f ,SOpf &m Oyrmr&dyS g/
taMumif;uif;aomedAÁmef
edAmÁ efonf jzpfay:vmaom ]topf}w&m;r[kw?f wpfpw kH pfck
aomtaMumif;aMumifh jzpfvmaom w&m;r[kw?f odaYk omf edAmÁ efonf
]y&rw¬}tm;jzifh &do S nfomwnf;/ tu,fí edAmÁ efonf y&rw¬tm;jzifh
r&dyS J ]tbm0ynwf} oufoufomjzpfygvQif cE¨mig;yg; &kyef mrfw&m;
wd\ Yk tNy;D owf ]csKyfNidrf;}}jcif;onf rjzpfpaumif;/ avmurS ]vGwf
ajrmuf}jcif;rnfonfvnf; r&daS umif;awmhay/
r*fzdkvfwdkY\tm&Hk
edAmÁ efonf r*fzv kd w Ykd ]tm&Hk}taMumif;taejzifh (txift&Sm;)
f \
&d\
S / odaYk omf avmuqdik &f m (odp&mtm&H-k odjcif;-odo)l [lí t*FgoH;k
&yfwYkd aygif;qHjk cif;oabmr&d/S edAmÁ efü y#doaE¨aejcif;? wnfaejcif;?
 (33)
pkawjcif;[lír&d/S edAmÁ efonf ]a'ovGef umvvGef} (ty0wå)w&m;
omjzpfonf/ odrEI iS yhf wfoufí (odp&mtm&H-k odjcif;-odo)l [lí t*Fg
oH;k &yfwYkd aygif;qHrk I r&djS cif;aMumifh odrv I eG f (tem&r®P))w&m;om jzpf\/
ocFg&ESifhedAÁmef
ocFg&ESihf edAmÁ efwo Ykd nf tcsi;f csi;f ]qefYusifbuf}jzpf\/ ocFg&
w&m;wdüYk edAmÁ efonf r&do S uJo h Ykd edAmÁ efüvnf; ocFg&w&m;wdYk r&dS
Muuke/f odaYk omf edAmÁ efonf trSe&f \ Sd / edAmÁ ef&í Sd om ]edAÁmefudktm&Hk}
jyKí ]r*fpdwfzdkvfpdwf}wdYk jzpfay:vmNy;D oHo&mrS (vGwfajrmuf)
Mujcif;jzpfonf/ edAÁmefr&dSvQif r*fpdwfzdkvfpdwfwdkYvnf; jzpfMurnf
r[kw?f r*fpw d zf v
kd pf w
d w f Ykd rjzpfvQiv f nf; udavomudk y,fEikd rf nf
r[kwf/ udavomudk ry,fowfEdkifvQifvnf; avmuoHo&mrS
vGwaf jrmufEikd rf nf r[kwaf y/
y&d,wfESifhy#dywf
]umva'o} abmiftwGi;f ü jzpfay:orQ w&m;"r®rsm;onf
]Ce}
]Ce}av;ck puf0ef;rS vGwu f if;&ef rjzpfpaumif;/ ]Ce}av;ck puf0ef;
twGi;f usa&mufaom w&m;"r®rsm;udo k m ]EIwf} jzifh ay:vGiaf tmif
ajymqdEk ikd yf gonf/ ,if;odYk ajymqdEk ikd o f jzifh od&aomtodukd ]y&d,wåd
tod}[k qdyk gonf/ ]Ce}av;ck puf0ef;tjyifusa&mufaom w&m;
"r®rsm;udk rSeu f efaom ]usifhpOf}jzifo h m od&ygonf/ usiphf Ofjzifh od&
aomtodukd ]y#dywådtod}[k qdyk gonf/
avmuod
rSeu f efaom ]avmuod} rSeo f rQonf ]udk,fawGY}jzifh oufao
jyEdik o
f nfo h abm (ypöuo © 'd )¨ ? ]aMumif;usdK;};}qufE, T rf jI zifh oufao
 (34)
jyEdkifonfhoabm (tEkrmeod'¨)? ynm&SifwYdk\ ]tqd k t rd e f Y } jzifh
oufaojyEdik o f nfo h abm (oa'¨,so'd )¨ [lí wpfrsKd ;rsKd ; yg0if&onf/
(avmuod)[lorQonf (odp&m-odpw d -f odo)l [laom t*FgoH;k &yf
wdw Yk iG f (odol)ü ]y"me}
y"me}
y"me}tm;jzifh rSyD gonf/ odoq l okd nfrmS um,uH&iS f
oabmjzpfonf/ (avmuod)wGif um,uH&Sifoabm (tEk o ,
udavom) vom)onf ]xif&Sm;pGm} yg0ifaeygonf/
um,uH&Sifoabm (tEko,)
avmua0g[m&jzifh (od o l )[laom um,uH&Sifoabmudk
tbd"r®ma0g[m&jzifh ]tEko,} ,}[kac:ygonf/ odrEI iS yhf wfoufvQif
(wPSm? rme? 'd|d)onf tEko,wGif ]tjy|mef;qHk;} jzpfonf/ ,if;oH;k
rsKd ;udk oHo&mcsUJ ]yyOö} w&m;rsm;[lívnf; ac:ygonf/ wPSm? rme?
'd|q d okd nfrmS ig\Opöm? ig? ig\twå[al om um,uH&iS o f abmjzpf
ygonf/ ,if;oabmrsm;aMumifh avmuESihf avmuodrsm;&daS ejcif;
jzpfonf/ ,if;wdrYk &dv S Qif avmuqdwo f Ok ;f Ny;D avmukw&å modrsm;&dS
vmMurnf/ xdt k cg edAmÁ efEiS hf edAmÁ efoo
d nf xif&mS ;vmrnf jzpfygonf/
(tEko,),)qdo k nfrmS umvoH;k yg;rSvw G o f nfh tNrx
J m0pOf
&daS eaom ]udavom} jzpfonf/ ]wPSm? rme? 'd|d}[laom yyOöw&m;
oH;k yg;udk tajccHonfh yk*K¾d vo f wå0goabmonf r*fjzifh ry,fao;oí
ykxZk Of? aou©w\ Ykd oEÅmef0,f (um,uHrI? 0pDuHrI? raemuHrI)wdüYk
tNrx J m0pOf yg&daS eonf/ ]yk*Kd¾vfowå0gwpfOD;} taejzifh vkyu f ikd ?f
ajymqd?k MupH nf awG;ac:onfo h abm jzpfygonf/
 (35)
odolESifhodpdwf
(no person behind knowing)
0dyóem&I&mü (b*F Ó Pf ) odkYr[kwf b,ÓPfodkYa&muf
aomtcg ]odol}[lír&dyS J ]odpdwf}om &do S nf[k jrifvmygonf/ Ce
oabmuG,af ysmufí y&rwfoabma&mufvmygonf/ xdt k cg ('ku©
opö m ))udk ydkif;jcm;odjcif;ESifh (ork',opöm))udk y,fpGefYjcif;oabm
ESp&f yfwo Ykd nf xif&mS ;vmygonf/ xdu k o hJ Ykd yk*v¾d of wå0g um,uH&iS f
oabm uG,faysmufjcif;udk rZÑdry#dy'goabmt& ]udavo0#f?
ur®0#f? 0dygu0#f} wdrYk S xajrmufjcif; (y0wå0k|me) me)[k ac:ygonf/
0dyóem&I&mü 'óeoabmt& ]A[d ' ¨ t m&H k } jzpfaom
(ocFg& edrw d )f udk yxrtqifh tm&Hjk yK&ygonf/ ,if;udk or®oeÓPf?
O',AÁ, ÓPf? b*FÓPf[al om yxrÓPfpOfrsm;jzifh tm&Hjk yKygonf/
,if ; ÓPf p Of r sm;ü ]'k u © o pö m }}onf ay:vG i f v mygonf /
'k w d , tqif h t & tZÑwå ( t m & r ® P d u ))jzpf a om
yxr]ÓPf ]ÓPfpOf}tkypf u k kd xyfqifí
h tm&Hk jyK&jyefygonf/ ,if;odYk
tm&H k j yKaomtcg ]ork ' ,opö m }}onf ay:vG i f vmygonf /
rlvyxrqifo h nf A[d'o ¨ abm&daS om tm&Hw k iG f 'ku© opömudk ydik ;f jcm;
odEikd jf cif; jzpfygonf/
ork',opömonf rlv(tm&r®Pu d )rS tm&Ht k jzpf ajymif;vJ
oGm;aom 'kw, d tqifh tm&HEk iS q hf ikd yf gonf/ 'kw, d tqift h m&Hw k iG f
]tm&r® P d u }}oabm yg0ifjcif;aMumifh ]tZÑwå } oabm&dSaom
(ork',opöm))udk y,fEikd jf cif;jzpfonf/ wpfenf;tm;jzifh ]tm&Hk}udo k d
aomtqifüh ('ku©opöm))oabmonf xif&mS ;onf/ ,if;]tod}udyk if
 (36)
]xyfíod}aom tqifüh (ork',opöm))oabmonf xif&mS ;ygonf/
tm&Hkodtqifhü 'ku©opömomxif&Sm;NyD; (tod \ tod t qif h )ürl
]'ku©opömESifh ork',opöm} ESprf sKd ;pvH;k yif xif&mS ;vmygonf/ þodYk
tm;jzifh opömav;yg;vH;k udk xif&mS ;atmif 0dyóem&IEikd yf gonf/
avmuodESifhavmukwå&mod
avmuodonf ocFg&w&m;rsm;udo k ad om todjzpfí ]avm
ukwå&mod}onf ocFg&w&m;rsm;\ ]Nidrf;&m edAÁmef}udo k ad om todjzpf
ygonf/ avmuodreS o f rQonf ud, k af wGjY zifh oufaojyonfh oabm
jzpfí avmukw&å m (edAÁmefod)um; ocFg&w&m;wd\ Yk csKyf Nird ;f jcif;udk
]r*fÓPf zdkvfÓPf}wd\ Yk todjzifo h m oufaojy&ygonf/
avmuodü (tm&Hk-odpdwf-odol)wdYk aygif;qHjk cif;udk
(emem&o) od o l t aejzif h &tyf y gonf / avmuk w å & mod ü
um,uH&iS o f abm vH;k 0 ryg0ifyJ ]"r®od}oufoufjzpfí (tm&Hk-
od p d w f - od o l )wdkY\ aygif;qHkjcif; oabmudk ({u&o) taejzifh
&tyfygonf/ þodkYvQif ]{u&o ac: 0d r k w å d & o} o}jzifh edAÁmef\
xif&mS ;&Srd u I kd odtyfygonf/
]uHESifhuH\tusdK;om}
]]ur®ó um&aum ew¬?d 0dyguó p a0'aum/}}
]]ok'"¨ r®m y0wåE?dÅ {a0wH or®'óeH/}} (0do'k rd¨ *f -2? 237)
þa'oemawmft& y&rw¬opömtm;jzifh avmuü (uH)rSwpfyg;
jyKvyk af om yk*K¾d vo f wå0gr&d/S (uH\tusdK;);)rSwpfyg; cHpm;wwfaom
f wå0gr&d/S ]uHjzpfcdkuf} jyKvakd om pdwf ]apwemESifh udk,fEIwf}
yk*K¾d vo
trlt&m[laom (&kyfemrf)ESpyf g;udyk if pGrJ í DS yk*K¾d vo f wå0gvkyo f nf
 (37)
[kajymqdMk u\/ tm&H\ k taumif;tqd;k udk odrI cHpm;rI[al om (uH\
tusdK;);)w&m; ]emrf&kyf}ESpyf g;udyk if pGrJ íDS yk*K¾d vof wå0gcHpm;onf[k
ajymqdMk u\/ xdaYk Mumifh trSerf &daS om yk*K¾d vo f wå0goabm ]tEko,}
(udavom)vom)udk z,f&mS ;&ef 0dyóemtm;xkw&f mü ]&kyfemrf} ESpyf g;om
&daS Mumif; odjrif&ef ]txl;}}vdt k yfygonf/
]]£rord Howd £'Ha[mwd/ þ[mjzpfvQif þ[mjzpfonf}}
[laom (aMumif;usdK;qufed,mr) 0ifa&mufonfEiS hf wpfNyKd ief uf
oHo&mpufonf rjywfvnfawmhonf/ oHo&mpufudk &yfwefYap
aomtjrifukd xlaxmif&mü taMumif;tusKd ;udk (trSeftwdkif;))od&ef
vdt k yfygonf/ þaMumif;usKd ;quf ed,mrt& avmuü ]&kyfemrf
tpOf}rQom &dyS gonf/ þodYk tjrifreS f xlaxmifjcif;udyk if Ak'p¨ mayrsm;ü
1/ ypö,y&d*¾[ÓPf (taMumif;odrq f nf;jcif;)[lí4if;?
2/ "r®|dwdÓPf (&kyef mrfjzpfpOfojd cif;)[lí4if;?
3/ ,xmblwÓPf (t&du S tkd &dtS wdik ;f odjcif;)[lí4if;?
4/ or®m'óe (trSejf rifjcif;)[lí4if;?
5/ ucFg0dw&P0dok'¨d (oHo,uif;pifjcif;)[lí4if;
qdyk gonf/
avmuw&m;rsm;
Ak'¨tbd"r®mt& (vlYb0) 0)onf ]ukodkvfESihftukodkvf}wdkY\
qefu Y sib
f uf tm;wpfpw Ykd (tNydKif)oufa&muf&m]|me}
kH \ |me} jzpfonf/
vl U b0wG if ]y#d o aE¨ t cd k u f } rS m yif (b0) (b0)ud k w yf r uf o nf h
] b 0 e d u E d å u a v m b } tuk o d k v f u pwif j zpf y gonf /
ESvHk;oGif;aumif;vSsif ukodkvf pdwfjzpfí ESvHk;oGif;raumif;vSsif
 (38)
tukov kd pf w
d rf sm;jzpfMu&ygonf/
t&Sdw&m;ESpfrsdK;
þavmuwGif t&Sw d &m;ESprf sKd ;&Syd gonf/ avmut&Sw Sd &m;ESihf
avmukwå&mt&Sdw&m;[lí ESpfrsdK;&Sdygonf/ (avmut&S d w &m;)
[lonfrSm ]tEk o ,} jzpfí ]yk * ¾ K d v f o wå 0 g}g}oabmjzpfygonf/
(avmukwå&mt&Sdw&m;) &m;)[lonfrSm ]edAÁmef} jzpfygonf/ t&Sdw&m;
ESpfrsdK;vHk; Oyg'f-XD-biftm;jzifh jzpf-wnf-ysuf oabmr&SdbJ umv
oHk;yg;rStvGwf? ]xm0&ypö K yÜ e f } jzpfygonf/ avmut&Sdw&m;
]tEko,} ,}onf oHo&m\ (xGufay:&m) y:&m)jzpfí avmukwå&m t&Sd
w&m; ]edAÁmef}onf oHo&m\ (csKyfNidrf;&m) &m)jzpfonf/ trSeftm;jzifh
avmuoHo&monff ]tEk o ,} ,}rSxGufay:NyD; ]ed A Á m ef } ü tNyD;
csKyfNidrf;ygonf/ ax&0g't& jzpf&monf owfowf csKyf&monf
owfowfjzpfonf/ (jzpf&mESifh csKyf&m) m)onf ]wpfckwnf;} r[kwyf g/
tjcm;0g'rsm;ü edAÁmefESifhoHo&monf wckwnf;[k qdkygonf/ Oyrm
a&jyifonf wnfNird yf gu edAmÁ efjzpfí vdKS i;f xygu avmujzpfygonf/
tukodkvf
tukov kd Ef iS yhf wfoufí usr;f *efrsm;wGif tqifo h ;kH qifxh m;í
zGiqhf Mkd uygonf/
1/ tEko,tqifh (tude;f "mwf)
2/ y&d,|k metqifh (raemuHjzifh vGeu f sL;rI)
3/ 0Dwu d rú tqifh (um,uH? 0pDujH zifh vGeu f sL;rI)
]tEko,} ,}tqifhrSm umvoHk;yg;rS tvGwfjzpfí 'óeusrf;
rsm;ü ]xm0&ypöKyÜef}[lí ac:ygonf/ y&d,|k metqifrh mS raemwGif
 (39)
Oyg'f- XD-bif taeESifh jzpfay:ygonf/ taMumif;nDnGwfaomtcg
tEko,tqifh (tud e f ; "mwf )rS y&d,k|metqifh (raemuH )odkY
ul;ajymif;ygonf/ 0Dwud rú tqifrh mS y&d,|k metqifh (raemuH)tjzpfrS
(um,uH? 0pDuH) tjzpfodkY vGefusL;vmonfhtqifh jzpfygonf/
avmuopömtm;jzifh ]tEko,} ,}tqifh (tukodkvf)udk avmu
t&Sdw&m;[k ac:ygonf/ avmut&dSw&m;jzpfonfh ]tEko,} ,}udk
(yk*d¾Kvfowå0g)g)[lívnf; t&yfo;kH a0g[m&jzifh ac:qdMk uygonf/
tmo0 (,pfrl;jcif;)
tmo0[lonf rl;,pfatmif jyKwwfaomoabmjzpfonf/
]ykxZk aem Or®waå um}qdo k nfth wdik ;f ykxZk Ofwo
Ykd nf t&l;ESiw
hf o
l nf
[kqdk&m tmoa0gw&m;rsm;onf t&l;aq;ozG,fjzpfí ykxkZOfwdkY
onf t&l;aq;udak omufNy;D &l;aeolrsm;ozG,f jzpfMuygonf/
]umrmo0? b0go0? 'd|mo0? t0dZÆmo0} o0}rsm;\ w&m;ud, k f
rSm (avmb? 'd|d? arm[)
arm[)wdkYjzpfygonf/ ,if;w&m;rsm;onf tm&kH
ydkif;wGif avmbu vdkcsifp&mjzpfatmif? 'd|du tjrKaw tESpfom&
jzpf a tmif ? arm[u trS e f w &m;jzpf a tmif jyKvk y f M uygonf /
tm&r®Pduydkif;wGif avmbonf vdkcsifoljzpfatmif? 'd|donf ydkifpdk;
oljzpfatmif? arm[onf opöm&Sijf zpfatmif jyKvyk af eMuygonf/
a,m* (,SOfuyfay;jcif;)
a,m*[lonf ,SOu f yfay;wwfaom w&m;rsm;jzpfygonf/ ,if;
w&m;rsm;onf avmb? 'd|d? arm[wdkYjzpfMuíowå0gwdkYudk oHo&m
0#fqif;&Jü ,SOfuyfay;wwfygonf/ xdkodkY avmb? 'd|d? arm[wdkYu
cE¨mig;yg;udk ,SOfuyfay;&mwGif ]ig}[laom "r®opfwpfck xGufay:cJh
 (40)
ygonf/ ig[laom"r®opfonf rlvcE¨mig;yg;ü ryg0ifbJ ,SOu f yfru
I dk
taMumif;jyKí aemufrS xGufay:vmonfh "r®opfwpfckjzpfygonf/
,if;"r®opfukd ygVd a0g[m&jzifh }twå}[k ac:ygonf/
Ak'0¨ g't& twåonf aemufw;kd w&m;jzpfí avmu\tajccH
tkwfjrpfvnf;jzpfonf/ twåtkwfjrpfay:rlwnfí avmuudkocFg&
w&m;rsm;jzifh wnfaqmufxm;jcif;jzpfonf/ avmuudk zsufodrf;&ef
BuKd ;yrf;aomtcg tajccHtw k jf rpf ]twå}udk tNy;D wdik f zsuo f rd ;f &ygonf/
xdktcg avmucsKyfí edAÁmefonf xif&Sm;vmygonf/ twåzsufodrf;
a&;ESiyhf wfoufí Ak'y¨ #d uwfawmfü þodYk az:jyxm;ygonf/
aewH rr - ig\Opömr[kwf (wPSm)
aeaom [H - igr[kwf (rme)
e araom twåm - ig\twår[kwf ('d|d)
Ak'¨acwfrwdkifrSDu t&m&mwdkif;udk twåjzifhom wdkif;wm\/
xdak cwft,l0g'& twåonf aemufw;kd w&m;r[kwb f J rlvw&m;jzpf
onf/ t&m&mwdik ;f onf twåtay: tajccH&onf/ avmu&Sd t&m
&mwdkif; ysufpD;oGm;aomtcg twåonf tjrKawtjzpf rysufrpD;bJ
usef&pfygonf/ xdktcg wpfckwnf;aom twå (jA[®m) jzpfvmonf/
jA[®mudyk if ]y&rtwå}[lívnf; ac:onf/ xdaYk Mumihf twåonfom
ppfrSefaom tjrKaw&wem? opömw&m;? t&Sdw&m;jzpfí avmuESifh
avmu&Sd t&m&mwdik ;f udk twåjzifh wefz;kd jzwfMujcif;jzpfygonf/
Ak'a¨ cwfrwdik rf u
DS avmu\]pH}tjzpfowfrw S Nf y;D tjrwfwEd;k
wefb;kd xm;jcif;cH&aom twåukd Ak'a¨ cwfwiG f t,kwq f ;kH ]a,m*}tjzpf
owfrSwfNyD; zsufodrf;&ef tm;xkwfMuygonf/ þonfrSm acwfESpf
 (41)
acwf\ tjrifa&;&m jcm;em;rIyifjzpfygonf/
Oyg'gef (pGJvrf;jcif;)
zm;udka>rurvTwfwef; pGJpGJNrJNrJzrf;,louJhodkY rdrd\qdkif&m
tm&kHudk pGJNrJpGm,lwwfaomoabmonf Oyg'gefrnf\/ ,if;Oyg'gef
udk pGv J rf;jcif;[k ac:ygonf/ (Oyg'gefaMumifh) umvtm;jzifh tydik ;f ydik ;f
udk wpfckwnf; (oEÅwdCe) e)? a'otm;jzifh tydkif;ydkif;udk wpfckwnf;
(orl[Ce) Ce)? udpt ö m;jzifh tydik ;f ydik ;f udk wpfcw k nf; (udpöCe) e)? tm&Hk
tm;jzifh tydkif;ydkif;udk wpfckwnf; (tm&r®PCe) taejzifh y&rw¬
w&m;rsm;udk jrifaeMujcif;jzpfygonf/
xdt k cg yk*K¾ v d of wå0g j'yf0w¬K r[kwyf gbJvsS uf tm&ku H vkd nf;
]umrkyg'gef}jzifh pGv J rf;\/ t,l0g'üvnf; ]'d|Kyg'gef}jzihf pGv J rf;\/
tavhtusifhwdkYüvnf; ]oDvAÁwkyg'gef}jzifh pGJvrf;\/ xdkYjyif rdrdudk
vnf; jyKvkyfol (um&u)? cHpm;ol (a0'u)? pdk;ydkifol (omrd)? tvdk
twdik ;f jyKol (o,H0oD)tjzpf ]twå0g'kyg'gef}jzifh pGv J rf;ygonf/
]azmif} Oyrm
pGvJ rf;rIEiS yhf gwfoufü rlvyPÖmoygVdawmf tv*'´Lyrokwf
(188)wGif &[ef;wdkY pifppftm;jzifh igonf ]azmif}Oyrm&Sdaom r*¾if
&Spyf g;w&m;udk oHo&mrS vGwaf jrmufa&;twGuf ]azmif}ozG,f tok;H
jyKjcif;iSm a[mawmfrltyf\/ jrwfEdk;wG,fwmp&m ypönf;tjzpf odrf;
ydu
k jf cif;iSm a[mawmfrt l yfonfr[kw/f &[ef;wdYk ]azmif}ozG,f toH;k
jyKtyfaom ukov kd w f &m;wdu Yk ykd if oduek af omynm&Sw d oYkd nf odr;f yduk f
rxm;bJ y,fpeG t Yf yf\/ tukov kd w
f &m;wdu Yk rkd u
l m; tb,f qdzk , G &f m
&Std ehH nf;/ rkcsraoG y,fpeG t Yf yfuek o f nfomwnf;/
 (42)
rdpäm'd|d\tqdk
tcsKd Uuqd\ k / Muufowfjcif;aMumifh tukov kd jf zpfonf r[kw?f
MuufowfvQif tukov kd jf zpfonf[k ]pGJvrf;}},HMk unfjcif;aMumifh ]tuk
od k v f } jzpf&onf/ xdkyk*d¾Kvf\tqdkrSm pGJvrf;rI Oyg'gefaMumifhom
ukov kd f tukov kd jf zpf&onf/ ]Oyg'gef}tpGrJ &dv S Qif (ukodkvf tukodkvf)
rjzpf[í l jzpfonf/ Oyg'geypö,mba0g[laom y#dpo ö rkygÜ 'fa'oem
awmft& Oyg'gefaMumifh ukodkvf tukodkvf (ur®b0)jzpfonf[k
qdkMuygonf/ ,if;tqdkonf rdpäm'd|dwdkY\ tqdkomjzpfygonf/
0dbZÆ0g'D\tqdk
y&rw¬w&m;wdkYonf rnfonfhtaMumif;ESifhrQ azmufjyefjcif;
r&dS/ rdrdoabmtwdkif; aqmifvQuf&dSygonf/ Muufowfí bk&m;
yl a Zmf v Qif uk o d k v f & \[k ],H k M unf & H k r QES i f h uk o d k v f r &} &}yg/
Muuf o wf j cif ; onf tuk o d k v f j zpf í bk & m;yl a Zmf j cif ; onf
ukodkvfjzpfygonf/ þtqdkonfom 0dbZÆ0g'DwdkY\tqdkjzpfonf/
trSet f m;jzifh pGv J rf;rI Oyg'gefonf tukov kd o
f m jzpfonf/ tukov kd u
f kd
arhazsmufxm;jcif; jzifh ry,fowfEdkifyg/ arhazsmufxm;jcif;onfyif
tukov kd jf zpfygonf/ tukov kd u
f kd ukov
kd jf zifo
h m y,fowfEikd o f nf/
]tEk o , tuk o d k v f } udk ]r*f u k o d k v f }jzifhom t<uif;tusefr&dS
]tNyD;}}y,fowfEikd yf gonf/
Oyg'gefESifhzefqif;&Sif
Oyg'geypö,mba0g[laom y#dpöorkyÜg'ft& avmuudk
]zef q if ; ol }rSm xm0&bk&m;r[kwfbJ (Oyg'gef )omjzpfygonf/
Oyg'gef o nf avmuud k z ef q if ; &mü rd r d o nf y if ]zef q if ; ol }
 (43)
(twå0g'kyg'gef) rdrdonfyif ]zef q if ; p&mypö n f ; } (umrkyg'gef)?
rdrdonfyif ud&d,m ]wefqm yvm} (oDvAÁwkyg'gef)? rdrdonfyif
]twwfynm} ('d|Kyg'gef) tjzpf avmuudk zefqif;&ef tm;vH;k Ny;D jynfph NkH y;D
jzpfygonf/
avmu[lonf ocFg&w&m;rsm;omjzpfí jzpf-wnf-ysuo f abm
&So
d nfh &ky"f gwf emrf"gwfrsm;omjzpfonf/ xdaYk Mumifh ocFg&w&m;rsm;udk
]edowå? edZÆD0 obm0}
obm0}[lí owå0gvnf;r[kw?f toufZ0D vnf; r[kwf
aom oabmw&m;rsm;tjzpf az:jyjcif;jzpfygonf/
ocFg&wdoYk nf xdxk ('Gk(d 'Gg&)
&)wdüYk xifaomtcg owå0gvnf; r[kw?f
toufZD0vnf; r[kwfaom ]oabmw&m;} ]oabmw&m;}tjzpfom xifygonf/
Oyrm &lyg&lo H nf pu©K'gG &ü xifvmaomtcg ]tqif;"mwf} tjzpfom
xifjcif;jzpfygvSsuf (Oyg'gef )onf ]"mwf }obm0rQjzpfaom ocFg&
w&m;rsm;udk vHk;&yfoP²mefESifhwuG (owå 0 grsm;? touf Z D 0 ))rsm;
jzpfatmif ]zef q if ; }}ay;vdkufygonf/ Oyg'gefzefqif;csuftwdkif;
rdrdwdkYuvnf; ocFg&w&m;rsm;udk owå0grsm;? toufZD0rsm;tjzpf
odjrifMuygonf/ þodkY (tm&kHrSm;);)udk (todrSm;);)jzifh ]od od j cif ;}onf
avmurnf y gonf / xd k a vmuud k (tEk o ,tqif h ) wG i f & S d a om
]Oyg'gef}u zefqif;vdu k jf cif;yif jzpfyf gonf/
tyfp;l vSsif tyfjzifyh if xGi&f ygonf/ tyfcsi;f wlaomfvnf; udpö
csi;f uGyJ gonf/ pl;aomtyfu raumif;aomtyfjzpfí xGiaf omtyfu
aumif;aomtyfjzpfonf/ t0dZÆmypö,m ocFg&m[laom y#dpöorkyÜg'f
a'oemawmft& avmuDukodkvfrSeforSsonf t0dZÆmEko,udk tajc
cHonfcsn;f jzpfygonf/ od&Yk mwGif ]t0dZÆmEko,} ,}udk tajccHaom (tod
 (44)
rSm;);)udk t0dZmÆ Eko,udk tajccHaom (todrSef)jzifh y,fowf&ygonf/
xdok abmudk &nf&, G í
f ynm&Srd sm;u þodYk rdeq Yf ckd jhJ cif;jzpfygonf/
]a&jzifhjyKtyfaom &THUEGHonf ]a&} ]a&}jzifhomvSsif ]pifMu,f}&m\}
]pdwjf zifjh yKtyfaom raumif;rIonf ]pdwf}jzifo h mvSsif ]pifMu,f}&m\}
]]0dbZÆ0g'}}
0dbZÆ0g'onf ]Ak'0g'} ¨0g'}j
0 g'} zpfonf/ aMumif;usdK;qufudk cGJjcm;í
,laom0g'jzpfonf/ trSet f m;jzifh 0dbZÆ0g'[lonf ]y#dpöorkyÜg'f}yif
jzpfygonf/ avmuESifh avmu&dS t&m0w¬KrSeforQonf taMumif;
tusdK;qufoG,frIaMumifhom jzpfay:Mu&onf/ xdkodkY jzpfay:&mwGif
taMumif;ESifhtusdK;onf oabmtm;jzifh oD;jcm;pD jzpf\/ oEÅmeftm;
jzifrh l wpfcw k nf;jzpf\/ odaYk omf tusKd ;w&m;tay:udk taMumif;w&m;
onf rdrdtvdktwdkif; jzpfapthH[laom tpdk;&rI yk*¾vAsmyg&oabm
onfr&dS/ taMumif;w&m;wdkY jynfhpHknDnGwfrIaMumifhom jzpfay:&onhf
"r®oabmoufoufom&d\ S / "r®oabmqd&k müvnf; taMumif;w&m;
ESihf vdu k af vsmnDaxG&o Sd nfh oabm"r®wmrsKd ;omjzpfygonf/
xdak Mumifh taMumif;tusKd ;qufo, G rf üI tcsi;f csi;f oEÅmefwrl I
udk ]{uwå}? tcsi;f csi;f oabmvu©Pmjcm;em;rIukd ]emewå}? "r®oabm
tavQmufjzpfay:rIudk ]tAsmyg&} ]tAsmyg&}? taMumif;ESifhtusdK;vdkufavsm
nDaxG&dSrIudk ]{0H " r® w m} m}[k ac:ygonf/ 0dbZÆ0g'[lonf ]{uwå}?
]emewå}? ]tAsmyg&? ]{0H"r®wm}[laom ]t*Fgav;&yf}ESihf jynfph &kH ygonf/
aAm"dyu©d,w&m;rsm;
owå0gwdkY\oEÅmefü ukodkvfESifhtukodkvfwdkY jzpfay:ae&aom
aMumifh bHkoHk;yg;rS vGwfajrmufjcif;r&dSbJ þb0rS xdkb0odkY ajy;vTm;
 (45)
usifvnfae&jcif; jzpfygonf/ jrwfpGmbk&m; yGifhawmfrlvmaomtcg
oHo&mrS vGwfajrmuf&m w&m;xl;rsm;udk emMum;Mu&\/ ,if;w&m;
xl;rsm;udk ]t"doDv? t"dpdwå? t"dynm} nm}[lívnf;aumif; aAm"d
yu©d,[lívnf;aumif; qdkMuygonf/
&dk;&dk;oDv? orm"d? ynmwdkYonf avmuaumif;pm;a&;üom
tqH;k owfygonf/ t"dov D ? t"dpwd ?å t"dynmwdu Yk m; avmukw&å m
aumif;pm;a&;ü tqHk;owfNyD; jrwfpGmbk&m;omoemüom&Sdonfh
w&m;xl; w&m;jrwfrsm; jzpfMuygonf/ aAm"dyu©, d [lonf ]r*fÓPf
\toif;tyif;}}? r*fÓPfu&kd apEdik af om w&m;rsm;yif jzpfygonf/
aAm"d y u© d , w&m;rsm;onf atmuf y gtwd k i f ; (37)yg;
jzpfygonf/
aAm"dyu©d, (37)yg;
1/ owdy|mef 4- yg;
2/ or®y"Ü mef 4- yg;
3/ £'¨yd g'f 4- yg;
4/ £ajE´ 5- yg;
5/ Adkvf 5- yg;
6/ aAmZösif 7- yg;
7/ r*¾if 8- yg;
pkpkaygif; (37)- yg;jzpfonf/

owdy|mef (4)yg;
tm&kHwYdkü yk*¾vAsmyg&udkausmfvGefum "r®Asmyg&jzifh pGJpGJNrJNrJ
 (46)
ouf0ifaeaom owdonf owdy|mefrnfygonf/ owdy|mefbm0em
jynfh0vmaomtcg arhavsmhjcif;(yrm')aysmufí rarhavsmhjcif;
(tyÜrm') a&mufvmygonf/ (xifvmorSs tm&k)H rsm;udk (xifvmonfh
twdkif;) ydkif;jcm;í odvmygonf/ xdktcg tm&kHrsm;udk yk*¾dKvfowå0g
tjzpf rjrifawmhbJ "r®tjzpfjrifvmonf/ ]ypöKyÜefwnfhwnfh} jrifvm
ygonf/ avmuü y&rw¬ tpkrsm;om&Sad Mumif; odvmygonf/ þodYk
odjrifatmif (xif)vmaom ]tm&H tm&Hk}wdüYk pGNJ rpJ mG ouf0ifí wnfEikd af om
owdudk owdy|mef[k ac:ygonf/ owdy|mefw&m; av;yg;&Sdonf/
(um,mEkyóem) owdy|mef jzifh &kyef mrfwüYkd ]okbonm} onm}udk
y,fNy;D ud, k uf m,ü wyfrufrI wPSmudkd y,fpeG EYf ikd o f nf/
(a0'emEkyóem) óem)owdy|mefjzifh &kyfemrfwdkYü ]okconm} onm}udk
y,fNyD; &kyfemrfwdkYü aMumufzG,f ab;'ku©taejzifh odjrifoabm
aygufNy;D wyfrufrI wPSmudk y,fEikd yf gonf/
(pd w å m Ek y óem)
óem)owd y |mef j zif h &k y f e mrf w d k Y ü
]ed p ö o nm}
nm}udk y,f ygonf/ odrI[lonf aZmpdwfwdkY\
pOfqufrjywf qufpyfjzpfaerIom jzpfí jzpfvu kd yf suvf u kd o
f abmjzifh
rNrJaom tedpöoabmudk odjrifNyD; &kyfemrfwdkY ü wyfrufrI wPSmudk
y,fEikd o f nf/
("r®mEkyóem)
óem)owdy|mefjzifh ]twåonm} nm}udk y,fygonf/
avmuü yk*K¾ v d o
f wå0gr&Sb d J y&rw¬"r®rsm;om aMumif;usKd ;jzpfpOft&
aqmif&u G af ejcif;jzpfonf/ yk*v ¾ Asmyg& r&S?d "r®Asmyg&om &Syd gonf/
twår&S?d tewåoabmom&So d nf[k odjrifNy;D twå'|d u d ykd ,fEikd yf gonf/
 (47)
or®yÜ"mef (4)yg;
r*fÓPfjzpfay:ap&ef ]qk w f e pf } jcif;udk ]y,f } azsmufvsuf
]ravsmh aomvHkYv} jzifh jyif;pGmtm;xkwfjcif; jzpfonf/ or®yÜ"mef
(4)yg;&Syd gonf/
1/ jzpfNyD;aom ]tukodkvfwdkYudk y,f&ef}tm;xkwfrI
rdrdjyKcJhaom tukodkvf'kp&dkufudk y,fpGefYum aemifumvü t
vm;wl tukov kd 'f pk &du
k rf sd K; rjzpfay:ap&ef a&SmifMuOfjcif;yifjzpfonf/
a&SmifMuOfjcif;onf ukodkvfokp&dkufyifjzpfí tukodkvf'kp&dkufudk
w'*Fy[mefjzifh y,fEikd yf gonf/
2/ rjzpfao;aom ]tukodkvfwdkYudk rjzpfay:&ef} tm;xkwfrI
tukodkvf'kp&dkufudk ta0;rSa&SmifMuOfvSsif a&SmifMuOf&vG,f
ygonf/ tu,fí wdkuf&dkufwdk;rdvSsif t"dywdwyfaom qE´? 0d&d,?
ynm? pdwftiftm;wdkYjzifh cufcJaomoabm&Sdaom a&SmifMuOfenf;jzifhf
a&SmifMuOfro S m or®y"Ü mef ppfppfjzpfygonf/
3/ rjzpfao;aom ]ukodkvfwdkYudk jzpfay:&ef} tm;xkwfrI
rjzpfao;aomukov kd q
f o
kd nfrmS oHo&mrS xGuaf jrmufapwwf
aom aAm"dyu©d, ukodkvfrsdK;udk qdkygonf/ xdkuJhodkY ukodkvfrsdK;jzpf&ef
0dyóemyGm;zdkYvdkygonf/ 0dyóemyGm;vSsif 0dyóemukodkvfjzpfí r*f
ÓPfzdkvfÓPfjzifh rsufarSmufjyKapEdkifaomaMumifh or®yÜ"mef(4)yg;udk
rdro
d EÅmefü jzpfymG ;atmif tm;xkw&f ef a[mMum;awmfrjl cif;jzpfonf/
4/ jzpfNyD;aom ]ukodkvfwdkYudk yGm;rsm;ap&ef} tm;xkwfrI
ocFg&kayu©mwdkifatmif 0dyóemukodkvfonfyif ysufpD;wwf
aomoabm&Sí d tyg,fou Ykd sa&mufEikd yf gonf/ r*forYkd a&mufao;orSs
 (48)
ukov kd wf u Ykd kd yGm;rsm;tm;xkwyf grS ppfreS af om or®y"Ü mef jzpfayrnf/
£'¨dyg'f (4)yg;
psmeformywfrsm;ESihf avmukw&å m r*fzv kd w
f &m;rsm;udk &&m&
aMumif;jzpfaom w&m;rsm;udk £'¨dyg'f[k ac:onf/ w&m;udk,frSm
(t"dywd)xdkufaom ]qE´? pdwå? 0D&d,ESifh ynm} ynm}wdkY jzpfygonf/
t"d ywdxu kd af om qE´? pdw?å 0D&, d ESihf ynmwdo Yk nfom taESmuft&Suf
t[eft Y wm;wdu Yk kd ausmvf mT ;-Ny;D ]NyD;pD;rI? jynfhpHkrI }udk &,lEikd yf gonf/
£ajE´ESifhAdkvf (5)yg;
£ajE[ ´ o l nf rdrw d q Ykd ikd &f mudpüö ]tpdk;&} &}aomw&m;jzpf\/ Adv k f
onf rdru d pd w ö üYkd rnfonft h aMumif;ESirhf sS r,dr;f r,dik b f J ]cdkifNrJ}aom
w&m;rsm;jzpfonf/ w&m;ud, k rf mS ]o'¨g? 0D&d,? owd? orm"d? ynm} ynm}wdYk
jzpfygonf/ o'¨gonf aomwmywdrå *f&a&;udpüö vGepf mG tm;aumif;\/
0D&d,onf or®yÜ"meft&mü vGefpGm tm;aumif;\/ owdonf
owdy|mef t&mü vGefpGmtm;aumif;\/ orm"donf psmeft&mü
vGefpGmtm;aumif; \/ ynmonf opömav;yg;t&mü vGefpGm
tm;aumif ; \/ qef Y u sif b uf taMumif ; wd k Y a Mumih f
,drf;,dkifvIyf&Sm;jcif;r&Sd/ o'¨gESifhynm? 0D&d, ESifhorm"d[laom
w&m;ES p f p H k r S m nD r Qatmif tm;xk w f t yf \ / owd o nf um;
ydkonf[kr&Sd/ owdESifhywfoufí þodkYqdk\? ]][if;vsmtm;vHk;wdkYü
qm;udk tvd&k t dS yfouJo h Ykd t&m]tm;vH]tm;vHk;}}ü ]owd}udk tvd&k t dS yfuek \ f }}/
aAmZÑif (7)yg;
aAm"d[lonfrSm ]r*f Ó Pf a v;yg;} v;yg;}jzpf\/ t*F[lonfrSm
r*fÓPf jzpfay:aMumif; t*Fgtpdwt f ydik ;f rsm;jzpf\/ ,if; t*Fgwdo Yk nf
 (49)
]owd? ynm? 0D&d,? yDwd? yó'¨d? orm"d? Oayu©m}}wdkYjzpfygonf/
aAmZösif (7)yg; [kqykd gonf/ aAmZösiw f &m;rsm;wGif (tajccHydkif;)ü owd?
ynm ESi0hf &D ,d wdyYk g0ifNy;D (ukd,fxnfydkif;)wGif yDw?d yó'¨Ed iS hf orm"dwYkd
yg0ifonf/ (OD;acgif;ydkif;)wGif Oayu©myg0if\/
tpü owd? ynm? 0D&d,wdkYudk yk*¾vAsmyg&jzifh appm;&onf/
aemufydkif; "r®Asmyg&tqifhodkYa&mufaomtcg aMumifhMupdkuftm;
xkwf&jcif;r&SdbJ "r®oabmxifvmaomtcg tm;xkwfol a,m*Dudk
]owdrm} (owd&Sdol)? ]orÜZme} (odol)? ]tmwmyD} (vHkYv&Sdol)[lí
qdyk gonf/ þodYk tajccHyikd ;f jynfph rkH yS if ]aAmZösif} trnfukd &ygonf/
"r®Asmyg&jzpfvmygu arGUavsmzf , G f ]yDw}d ? Nird ;f at;zG,f ]yó'¨}d ?
wnfMunfzG,f ]orm"d} jzpfvmygonf/ þtqifhodkY a&mufvmygu
ud, k xf nfyikd ;f jynfph v
kH mygonf/ owdonf arhavsmjh cif;udk ESyd u f yG í f
rarhavsmhjcif;udk csD;ajrSmufonf/ ynmonf awGa0jcif;udk EdSyfuGyfí
odjrifjcif;udk cs;D ajrmS ufonf/ 0D&, d onf ysi;f &djcif;udk ESyd u f yG í
f &J0jhH cif;udk
csD;ajrSmufonf/ yDwdonf ysif;&djcif;udk EdSyfuGyfí arGUavsmfjcif;udk
NcD;ajrSmufonf/ yó'¨donf ylyefjcif;udk EdSyfuGyfí Nidrf;at;jcif;udk
Nc;D ajrmS ufonf/ orm"donf rwnfNrjJ cif;udk ESyd u f yG í f wnfwjhH cif;udk
cs;D ajrmS ufavonf/
aAmZösiw f &m;wdo Yk nf tajccHyikd ;f ESihf ud,
k x f nfyikd ;f wdüYk rdrw d \Ykd
oD;jcm;udpu ö akd qmif&u G í f aemufq;kH OD;acgif;ydik ;f ürlum; OD;wnfcsuf
yef;wdkiftwGuf ]bH k }udpöudk ]Oayu©moarÁmZösif}u aqmif&Gufav
onf/ xdt k cg aAmZösiw f &m;tm;vH;k onf {u&o ac: ]0drkwåd}taejzifh
pkaygif; aqmif&Gufjcif;onf ]yef ; wd k i f }jzpfonff/ yef;wdkifa&mufí
 (50)
r*fÓPfonf opömav;yg;udo k v
d siS f opömteuf wpfq,fah jcmufcsuf
wdEYk iS hf xuf0ef;usirf S jcKH ií
kH odrnf jzpfygonf/
r*¾if (8)yg;
oHo&m0#frS xGuaf jrmuf&m xGuaf jrmufaMumif; odrYk [kwf edAmÁ ef
a&mufaMumif;w&m;udk r*f[kac:í ,if;r*f\ tpdwftydkif;rsm;udk
r*¾if[kac:ygonf/ r*¾if&Spfyg; &Sdygonf/ r*¾if&Spfyg;onf jrwfpGm
bk&m;\tqHk;tr omoemjzpfNyD; oDv? orm"d? ynm[lí oHk;ydkif;
J azmfjyxm;onf/ ]avmu}
cGí ]avmu}wGio f m tpdwt f ydik ;f oabm (emem&o)
(emem&o)?
a&SUaemufoabm (ememu©P))&Sd\/ ]avmukwå&m} m}wGifrl wpfaygif;
wnf;oabm ({u&o) ({u&o)? wpfNyKd ief ufoabm ({uu©P))om&Syd gonf/
wpfaygif;wnf; wpfckwnf;oabm ({u&o) qdkonfrSm ]0drkwdå&o}
ac: oHo&mrS vGwfajrmufjcif;jzpfygonf/ wpfNydKifeufoabm
({uu©P)qdkonfrSm avmukwå&m pdwfapwodufrsm;onf wpfck
wnf;aom edAÁmefudk tm&HkjyKojzifh tm&HkruGJjym;aomaMumifh wpfNydKif
eufjzpfjcif; udq k ykd gonf/
[if;csufenf; Oyrmt& [if;vsmrsm;udk a&maESmvdkuf&Hkjzifh
[if;tjzpfodkYra&mufao;bJ usdKcsufrSom [if;vsmrsm;onf rdrdwdkY
\toD;oD;oabmudkpGefYNyD; [if;tjzpf wpfom;wnf;oabmudk
aqmifEikd Mf uygonf/
vkyif ef;pOft& a&S;OD;pGm or®m'd|Ed iS hf or®mouFy[ Ü al om ynm
r*¾ifjzifh qifjcifNyD;aemuf oDvr*¾ifudkwnfaqmuf&onf/ oDvr*¾if
udk wnfaqmufNyD;aemuf owdy|mefw&m;udk yGm;rsm;&onf/ owd?
ynmESifh0D&d,wdkYudk aAmZösifjzpftmif yGm;rsm;&onf/ aAmZösifjzpfvm
 (51)
aomtcg oDvr*¾ifvnf;jynfhpHkvmrnf/ ]yDwd? yó'¨dESifhorm"d}wdkY
onfvnf; (aAmZösif)jzpfvmNy;D ]orm"dr*¾if}tjzpfoYkd a&mufvmrnf/
xdt k cg oDvr*¾it f ay:ü orm"dr*¾iu f kd wnfaqmufNy;D jzpfrnf/ r*¾iw f Ykd
onf tpdwftpdwfoabmrS wpfom;wnf;oabm? umvtm;jzifh
a&SUaemufoabmrS wpfNyKd ief ufwnf;oabmudk aqmifvmMuonf/
þodYk aqmifvmap&ef ]Oayu©m}}(wMwrZÑww å m)apwoduu f
(oDvr*¾ifESifhorm"dr*¾if)wdu Yk kd wpfcw k nf;aom 0drw k &åd oü (ynm
r*¾if) ESihf ]wpfom;wnf; wpfNydKifeufwnf;} jzpfatmif pkaygif;vdu k f
ygonf/ þodkY Oayu©mapwodufu tnDtnGwf pkaygif;jcif;jzifh
Oayu©moarÁmZÑif tjzpfoYkd a&mufaomtcg oDv? orm"d? ynmr*¾if
wdo Yk nf wpfom;wnf; jzpfomG ;Ny;D aAmZös*aF 'oemawmft& ]oarÁm"d}
trnfjzifh ay:ayguf vmygonf/ xdktcg r*¾ifwdkYonf avmukwå&m
tqifo h aYkd &mufí udavomwdu Yk kd tjrpfjywf y,fvu kd Ef ikd u f m ]eda&m"
opöm}}udk rsuaf rSuf jyKEikd yf gawmhonf/
ed * H k ;
vl o m;onf aMumuf w wf a om owå 0 grsd K ;jzpf o nf /
aMumuf v ef Y jcif ; onf ] & m * r u i f ; r I ? a ' g o r u i f ; r I ?
arm[ruif;rI}wdaYk Mumifh jzpfay:&um; (tukodkvf)oabm&dyS gonf/
tukov kd o f abmonf t&d,mrjzpfao;oa&GU vlom;wd\ Yk ESv;kH tdrüf
ude;f aernfjzpfygonf/
odaYk omf Ak'\
¨ tvdak wmftwdik ;f umrm0p& ukov kd u f siphf Ofrsm;
ESifhorxbm0em usifhpOfrsm;udk usifhoHk;ygu oHo&mrSvGwfajrmuf
Edik yf gonf/ þpmtkyw f iG f ppfreS af omcsr;f om&&daS &;twGuf tjrifrsm;?
 (52)
t,l 0 g'rsm;ES i f h usif h p Of r sm;ud k ]tewå } &I a xmif h r S oH k ; oyf í
(rZÑdry#dy'g) usifhpOft& toHk;csrSom ppfrSefaom csrf;omokcudk
rvGJ raoG &&dSEdkifrnf jzpfygownf;/