Dr.S.

JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Properties of Definite Integrals :-
P-I 𝑏 𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝜋 𝜋
e. g ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = ∫𝑎2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
P-II 𝑏 𝑎
∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫−𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
P-III 𝑏 𝑐 𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑐 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Where 𝑎 < 𝑐 < 𝑏
𝑎 2𝑎 2𝑎
e. g ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
P-IV ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎
Proof: Taking RHS ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Put 𝑎 – 𝑥 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ⇒ 𝑡 = 𝑎
– 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = – 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = 𝑎 ⇒ 𝑡 = 𝑎
0
∴ RHS = − ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
𝑎
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡 ……(by P–II)
𝑎
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ……(by P–I)
= LHS
𝑎 𝑎
∴ ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 proved

P-V 𝑏 𝑏
∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Proof: Do yourself by put 𝑎 + 𝑏 – 𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑎
P-VI 2𝑎 2 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)
∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = { 0
0 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = −𝑓(𝑥)
2𝑎 𝑎
Mainly ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
P-VII Even - function property
𝑎
𝑎 2 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) → even
∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = { 0
0 ; 𝑖𝑓 𝑓(𝑥) → odd
If 𝑓(– 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) then 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function
If 𝑓(– 𝑥) = – 𝑓(𝑥) then 𝑓(𝑥) is an odd function
π
Q.1) Evaluate I = ∫02
√sin x
𝑑𝑥.
√sin x + √cos x
π
Sol.1) 𝐼 = ∫02
√sin x
𝑑𝑥 ………(1)
√sin x + √cos x
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
π
π √sin ( −x)
2 𝑎 𝑎
= ∫0 2
π π
dx ……… ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
√sin ( −x) + √cos ( −x)
2 2

𝜋
√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 ………(2)
√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

Adding (1) & (2)

𝜋
√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
√𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+√𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝜋
= ∫02 1 . 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
= (𝑥)02
𝜋
2𝐼=
2
𝜋
𝐼= ans.
4
𝜋
Q.2)
Evaluate 𝐼 = ∫02 sin(2𝑥) log(tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.2)
𝐼 = ∫02 sin(2𝑥) log(tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ………(1)
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 𝑎 𝑎
𝐼 = ∫02 sin [2 ( − 𝑥)] . log [tan ( − 𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 ………[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)]
2 2
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 sin(𝜋 − 2𝑥). log(cot 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 sin(2𝑥). log(cot 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 …….(2) [∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 − 2𝑥) = sin(2𝑥)]

Adding 𝑒𝑞. (1) & (2)

𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 sin(2𝑥)[log(tan𝑥) + log(𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 sin(2𝑥) log(tan 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 sin(2𝑥) . log(1) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 0 𝑑𝑥 … … … {∵ log 1 = 0}
∴ 𝐼 = 0 ans……
𝜋
Q.3)
𝐼 = ∫04 log (1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.3)
𝐼 = ∫04 log (1 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 …….(1)
𝜋
𝜋 𝑎 𝑎
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( − 𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 …..[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ]
4
𝜋
1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [1 + ] 𝑑𝑥 … . . {tan (𝐴 – 𝐵) 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎}
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝜋
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋
2
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 …..(2)
1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥

𝐸𝑞. (1) + (2)

𝜋
2
2 𝐼 = ∫04 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 . ) 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫04 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (2) 𝑑𝑥
π
2 𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 (𝑥)40
𝜋
2 𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 [ − 0]
4
𝜋
∴ 𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
8
𝜋
Q.4)
𝐼 = ∫02 2log(cos 𝑥) − log(sin(2𝑥))𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.4)
𝐼 = ∫02 2 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥))𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)
𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)
𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ ] 𝑑𝑥 … … (1)
2
𝜋 𝜋
cot( −𝑥) 𝑎 𝑎
2
𝐼 = ∫0 log [
2 ] 𝑑𝑥 ……[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ]
2

𝜋
𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) ……(2)
2

𝐸𝑞. (1) + (2)

𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( . ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝜋
1
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 … … {tan 𝑥 . cot 𝑥 = 1}
4
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔(1) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(4)𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 𝑑𝑥 … … {log 1 = 0}
𝜋
2 𝐼 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 [𝑥 ]02
𝜋
2 𝐼 = −𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 [ ]
2
𝜋
𝐼 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
4
−𝜋
(or) 𝐼 = log(2)2
4
−𝜋
𝐼 = log 2 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Q.5) 1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 log ( − 1) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

Sol.5) 1 1−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 …….(1)
𝑥
1 1−(1−𝑥) 𝑎 𝑎
= ∫0 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ ] 𝑑𝑥 ……..[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ]
1−𝑥
1 𝑥
= ∫0 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ ] 𝑑𝑥 ……..(2)
1−𝑥

(1) + (2)
1 1−𝑥 𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫0 log ( . ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1−𝑥
1
= ∫0 log (1) 𝑑𝑥
2𝐼 = 0 … … . . {∵ log 1 = 0}
𝐼 = 0 ans.
3
Q.6) 5 √𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 3 3 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 + √5 − 𝑥
3
Sol.6) 5 √𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 3 3 𝑑𝑥 … … (1)
√𝑥 + √5 − 𝑥
3
5 √5−𝑥 𝑎 𝑎
𝐼 = ∫0 3 3 𝑑𝑥 … … [∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)]
√5−𝑥 + √5−(5−𝑥)
3
5 √5−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 3 3 𝑑𝑥 ……..(2)
√5−𝑥 + √𝑥

(1) + (2)
3
5 3√𝑥 + √5−𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫0 3 3 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 + √5−𝑥
5
= ∫0 1. 𝑑𝑥

= (𝑥)50
2𝐼 = 5
5
𝐼 = ans.
2

Q.7) 2𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
Show that ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
Sol.7) 𝑅.H.S ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
Put 2𝑎 – 𝑥 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 2𝑎
– 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = – 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = 𝑎 ; 𝑡 = 𝑎
𝑎 𝑎
∴ 𝑅. 𝐻. 𝑆 = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡
0 2𝑎
𝑎 2𝑎 𝑏 𝑎
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 ..…..[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = − ∫𝑏 𝑓(𝑥)]
𝑎 2𝑎 𝑏 𝑏
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 …….[∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑡)𝑑𝑡]
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
2𝑎 𝑐 𝑏 𝑏
= ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 …….[∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑐 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ]

= 𝐿𝐻𝑆 Proved
Q.8) 1
Show that 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑥(1 − 𝑥)𝑛 𝑑𝑥

Sol.8) 1 𝑎 𝑎
𝐼 = ∫0 (1 − 𝑥)[1 − (1 − 𝑥)]𝑛 𝑑𝑥 …….[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ]
1
𝐼 = ∫0 (1 − 𝑥)(𝑥)𝑛 𝑑𝑥
1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑥 𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥𝑛 𝑥 𝑛+2
𝐼 = [ − ]
𝑛+1 𝑛+2 0
1 1
𝐼 = [ − ] − [0 − 0]
𝑛+1 𝑛+2
𝑛+2−𝑛−1
𝐼 =
(𝑛 + 1) (𝑛 + 2)
1
𝐼 = (𝑛+1) (𝑛+2)
ans.
𝜋
Q.9) sin2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥
𝜋
Sol.9) 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 ………(1)
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝜋
𝜋 sin2 ( −𝑥)
2
𝐼 = ∫0 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝑑𝑥 …….(𝑃 − 𝐼𝑉)
sin ( − 𝑥) + cos ( − 𝑥)
2 2
𝜋
cos2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 ……..(2)
cos 𝑥 + sin 𝑥

(1) + (2)
𝜋
1
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥 + cos 𝑥

(𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑒: − 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 & 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)

𝜋
1
2 𝐼 = ∫02 1−tan2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 tan 𝑥 2
𝑥 + 𝑥
1+ tan2 1+tan2
2 2
𝑥
𝜋 1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ( )
2
2 𝐼 = ∫0 2
𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 1− 𝑡𝑎𝑛2
2 2
𝑥
𝜋 sec2 ( )
2
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 tan + 1− tan2 ( )
2 2

𝑥
Put tan ( ) = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; tan (0) = 𝑡
2
𝑥 1
sec 2 ( ) . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑡 = 0
2 2
𝑥 𝜋 𝜋
Sec 2 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = ; tan ( ) = 𝑡 ,
2 2 4

𝑡 = 1
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1 𝑑𝑡
∴ 2 𝐼 = 2 ∫0
−𝑡 2 +2𝑡+1
1 1
𝐼 = − ∫0 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 2 −2𝑡−1
1 1
= − ∫0 (𝑡−1)2 −1−1
𝑑𝑡
1 1
= − ∫0 2 𝑑𝑡
(𝑡−1)2 −(√2)
1 1
= ∫0 2 𝑑𝑡
(√2) −(𝑡−1)2
1
1 √2+𝑡−1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |]
2√2 √2−𝑡+1 0

1 √2−0 √2−1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |]
2√2 √2+0 √2+1
1 √2−1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔(1) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )]
2√2 √2+1
−1 √2−1
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
2√2 √2+1

(𝑂𝑟)
−1 (√2−1)(√2−1)
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ ] … … {𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒}
2√2 (√2+1)(√2−1)
2
−1 (√2−1)
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 [ ]
2√2 2−1
2
= − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(√2 − 1)
2√2
−1
𝐼 = log(√2 − 1) ans.
√2
𝜋
Q.10) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 .𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝜋
Sol.10) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 …….(1)
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 .𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝜋
𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( −𝑥)
2
𝐼 = ∫02 𝜋 𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛( −𝑥).𝑐𝑜𝑠( −𝑥)
2 2
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 ……..(2)
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

(1) + (2)
𝜋
1
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 ………{𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + cos 2 𝑥 = 1}
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 .𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥

𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

𝐷𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑁 & 𝐷 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝜋
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝜋
2 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
0 1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Put 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
𝜋
∴ sec 2 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = ; 𝑡 = ∞
2
∞ 𝑑𝑡
∴ 2 𝐼 = ∫0
𝑡 2 +𝑡+1

Perfect square
∞ 1
2 𝐼 = ∫0 1 2 1
𝑑𝑡
(𝑡+ ) − +1
2 4

∞ 𝑑𝑡
2 𝐼 = ∫0 2
1 2 √3
(𝑡+ ) + ( )
2 2

1 ∞
2 𝑡+
2𝐼 = [tan−1 ( √3
2
)]
√3
2 0
2 2𝑡+1 ∞
2𝐼 = [tan−1 ( )]
√3 √3 0
2 1
2𝐼 = [tan−1 (∞) − tan−1 ( )]
√3 √3
2 𝜋 𝜋
2𝐼 = [ − ]
√2 2 6
2 𝜋
2𝐼 = [ ]
√2 3
𝜋
𝐼 = ans.
3√3
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Q.1) 1 2𝑥−1
∫0 tan−1 (1+𝑥−𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

Sol.1) 1 2𝑥−1
𝐼 = ∫0 tan−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 ...…(1)
1+𝑥−𝑥 2
1 2(1−𝑥)−1
𝐼 = ∫0 tan−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 ………(P-IV)
1+(1−𝑥)−(1−𝑥)2
1 2−2𝑥−1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+1−𝑥−1−𝑥 2 +2𝑥
1 −2𝑥+1
𝐼 = ∫0 tan−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥−𝑥 2
1 2𝑥−1
𝐼 = − ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 .…..(2) ……{∵ tan−1 (−𝑥) = −tan−1 𝑥 }
1+𝑥−𝑥 2

(1) + (2)
2𝐼 = 0
𝐼 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑠 .
𝐴lternate:
1 2𝑥−1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥−𝑥 2
1 (𝑥)+(𝑥−1)
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 … . {𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡}
1−𝑥(𝑥−1)
1 1 𝑥+𝑦
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥 … … [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦]
1−𝑥𝑦
1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [(1 − 𝑥) − 1]𝑑𝑥 … … . (𝑃 − 𝐼𝑉)
1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥𝑑𝑥 … . . [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ](−𝑥) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
𝐼 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
Q.2) 1
∫0 cot −1 (1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
Sol.2) 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 (1 − 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1 1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 … … … [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑡 −1 𝑥] 𝐼 =
1−𝑥+𝑥 2 𝑥
1 𝑥+(1−𝑥)
∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [1−𝑥(1−𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 … … … [𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡]
1 1 𝑥+𝑦
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (1 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 … [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( ) = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑦]
1−𝑥𝑦
1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 [1 − (1 − 𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 … … (𝑃 − 𝐼𝑉)
1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 .1 𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1 1
𝐼 = 2 [(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 − 𝑥)10 − ∫0 . 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ]
1+𝑥 2
𝜋 1 𝑥
𝐼 = 2 [( − 0) − ∫0 𝑑𝑥]
4 1+𝑥 2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 1 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 ;
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑡 = 2
2
𝜋 1 2 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐼 = 2[ − ∫1 ]
4 2 𝑡
𝜋 2 𝑑𝑡
= − ∫1
2 𝑡
𝜋
= − [log 𝑡]12
2
𝜋
= − [log 2 − log 1]12
2
𝜋
𝐼 = − log 2 ans . [∵ log (1) = 0]
2

Q.3) 𝜋 𝑥 sin 𝑥
∫0 𝑑𝑥 ……….[𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑜𝑓 𝑥]
1+cos2 𝑥

Sol.3) 𝜋 𝑥 sin 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 ……..(1)
1+cos2 𝑥
𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥)sin(𝜋−𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 …..(P-IV)
1+cos2 (𝜋−𝑥)

𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥)sin 𝑥 cos(𝜋 − 𝑥) = −cos 𝑥

𝐼 = ∫0 …….(2) {
1+cos2 𝑥 sin(𝜋 − 𝑥) = sin 𝑥
(1) + (2)
𝜋 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝜋 sin 𝑥 – 𝑥 sin 𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+cos2 𝑥
𝜋 sin 𝑥
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+cos2 𝑥

Put 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 – 1

∴ sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = – 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = 𝜋 ; 𝑡 = – 1
−1 𝑑𝑡
∴ 2 𝐼 = −𝜋 ∫1
1+𝑡 2

2 𝐼 = −𝜋[tan−1 𝑡]1−1
2 𝐼 = −𝜋[tan−1 (−1) − tan−1 (1)]
𝜋 𝜋
2 𝐼 = −𝜋 [− − ]
4 4
𝜋
2 𝐼 = −𝜋 (− )
2
𝜋2
∴ 𝐼 = ans.
4
𝜋 𝑥 tan 𝑥
Q.4) ∫0 𝑑𝑥
sec 𝑥+tan 𝑥
𝜋 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
Sol.4) 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 …….{𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝑖𝑛 sin 𝑥 & cos 𝑥}
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
𝜋 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 ……… (1)
1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋−𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 …….(P-IV)
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋−𝑥)
𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 …….(2)
1+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

(1) + (2)
𝜋 𝑥 sin 𝑥 + 𝜋 sin 𝑥−𝑥 sin 𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+sin 𝑥
𝜋 sin 𝑥
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+sin 𝑥

𝑇𝑦𝑝𝑒: 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒
𝜋 sin 𝑥 (1−sin 𝑥)
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 × (1−sin 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
1+sin 𝑥

𝜋 sin 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
cos2 𝑥
𝜋 sin 𝑥 sin2 𝑥
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 − 𝑑𝑥
cos2 𝑥 cos2 𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫ tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − tan2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
0
𝜋
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥 − (sec 2 𝑥 − 1) 𝑑𝑥
2 𝐼 = 𝜋[sec 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 + 𝑥 ]𝜋0
2 𝐼 = 𝜋[(sec 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 + 𝜋) − (sec 0 − tan 0 + 0)]
2 𝐼 = 𝜋[(−1 − 0 + 𝜋) − (1 − 0)]
2 𝐼 = 𝜋[𝜋 − 2]
𝜋
∴ 𝐼 = (𝜋 − 2) ans.
2
𝜋
Q.5) 𝑥 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
∫02 sin4 𝑥+cos4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.5) 𝑥 sin 𝑥 . cos 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥 ………(1)
sin4 𝑥+cos4 𝑥
𝜋 (𝜋 − 𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 − 𝑥) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 − 𝑥)
2 2 2
𝐼 = ∫02 𝜋 𝜋 𝑑𝑥 ……….(P-IV)
𝑠𝑖𝑛4 ( − 𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 ( − 𝑥)
2 2

𝜋 (𝜋−𝑥)cos 𝑥 . sin 𝑥
𝐼 =∫ 2 2 𝑑𝑥 ……….(2)
0 cos4 𝑥+sin4 𝑥

(1) + (2)
𝜋𝑥 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + ( −𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
2
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑥
𝜋
𝜋 sin 𝑥 . cos 𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫02 4 𝑑𝑥
2 sin 𝑥 + cos4 𝑥

Divide N & D by cos 4 𝑥

𝜋
𝜋 tan 𝑥 sec2 𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
2 tan4 𝑥 + 1

Put tan2 𝑥 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0

𝜋
2 tan 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = ; 𝑡 = ∞
2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑑𝑡
tan 𝑥 sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
2
𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑡
∴ 2𝐼 = ∫𝑡2 + 1
4 0
𝜋
2𝐼 = (tan 𝑡)∞
−1
0
4
𝜋
2𝐼 = [tan−1 (∞) − tan−1 (0)]
4
𝜋 𝜋
2 𝐼 = [ − 0]
4 2
𝜋2
⇒ 2𝐼 =
8
𝜋2
⇒ 𝐼 = ans.
16
𝜋
Q.6) 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫
0 𝑎2 cos 2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝑥
Sol.6) 𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 ….…..(1)
𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝜋 (𝜋 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 ………(P-IV)
𝑎2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (𝜋−𝑥) + 𝑏 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝜋−𝑥)
𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 ………(2)
𝑎2 cos2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝑥

(1) + (2)
𝜋 𝑥 + 𝜋−𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑎2 cos2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝑥
𝜋 1
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑎2 cos2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 sin2 𝑥

Type: Divide by 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

Divide N & D by 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝜋 sec2 𝑥
∴ 2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 tan2 𝑥
𝜋
sec2 𝑥 2𝑎 𝑎
2 𝐼 = 2𝜋 ∫02 ……[∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 ] ….(P-VI)
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 tan2 𝑥

Put 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
𝜋
sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑇 𝑥 = ; 𝑡 = ∞
2
∞ 𝑑𝑡
∴ 2 𝐼 = 2𝜋 ∫0
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑡 2
𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑡
𝐼 = ∫
𝑏 2 0 (𝑎)2 + 𝑡 2
𝑏

𝜋 𝑏 𝑏𝑡 ∞
𝐼 = × [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )]
𝑏2 𝑎 𝑎 0
𝜋
𝐼 = [tan−1 (∞) − tan−1 (0)]
𝑎𝑏
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = [ − 0]
𝑎𝑏 2
𝜋2
𝐼 = ans.
2𝑎𝑏
𝜋 𝑥
Q.7) 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋 𝑥
Sol.7) 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 ……..(1)
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 ……..(P-IV)
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋−𝑥)
𝜋 𝜋−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 ……..(2)
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

(1) + (2)
𝜋 𝑥+𝜋−𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝜋 1
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥

(Type: single 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 , 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)

𝜋 1
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 . 2
𝑥
2
1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 2

𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥
𝜋 1+
2
2𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 2 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛 −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 .𝑡𝑎𝑛
2 2
𝑥
𝜋 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2
2
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 −2𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 1
2 2
𝑥
Put 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
2
𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 . 𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑑𝑡 𝑥 = 𝜋 ; 𝑡 = ∞
2
𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑡
2 𝐼 = ∫0 2𝑡
2 𝑡 2− +1
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼

𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑡
2𝐼 = ∫ (perfect square)
2 0 𝑡 2 −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 𝑡+1
𝜋 ∞ 1
2𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
2 0 (𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼)2 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 +1
𝜋 ∞ 𝑑𝑡
2 𝐼 = ∫0 (𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼)2 −𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼
𝑑𝑡 …..[1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝛼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝛼 ]
2

𝜋 1 𝑡−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼 ∞
2𝐼 = × [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )]
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 0
𝜋 −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝛼
2𝐼 = [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (∞) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ( )]
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 [ − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝛼)]
4 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 [ + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝛼)] ……..[𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (−𝑥) = −𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 ]
4 2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 [ + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( − 𝛼))]
4 2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = [ + − 𝛼]
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼 2 2
𝜋
𝐼 = [𝜋 − 𝛼 ] ans.
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝛼

Q.8) ∞ log 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑥 2

Sol.8) ∞ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑥 2
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝜃 = 0
𝜋
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 when 𝑥 = ∞ ; 𝜃 =
2
𝜋
log (𝑡𝑎𝑛 θ)
∴ 𝐼 =∫ 2
0 1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 θ
. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 θ 𝑑θ
𝜋
𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃)
𝐼 = ∫02 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 θ 𝑑θ
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃) 𝑑θ ……..(1)
Proceed Yourself
0 ans.

Q.9) 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑥)

𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑥 2

Q.9) 1 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1+𝑥)

𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑥 2

Put 𝑥 = tan 𝜃 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝜃 = 0

𝜋
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 when 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝜃 =
4
𝜋
log (1+tanθ)
∴ 𝐼 =∫ 4
0 1+ 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 θ
. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 θ 𝑑θ
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫04 log (1 + tan θ) 𝑑θ ………(1)
Proceed yourself
𝜋
𝐼 = log 2 ans.
8
𝜋
Q.10)
𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.10)
𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 …….(1)
𝜋
𝜋
I = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( − 𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 …….(P-IV)
2
𝜋
I = ∫02 log (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ……..(2)
(1) + (2)
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)
2 𝐼 = ∫02 log ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)) − log 2 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫02 log 2 . 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 − log 2 (𝑥)0
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋
π
2 𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 − log 2
2
𝜋
2 𝐼 = 𝐼1 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 ………(3)
2
𝜋
Where 𝐼1 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
Put 2𝑥 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝜋
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 = ; 𝑡 = 𝜋
2 2
1 𝜋
∴ 𝐼1 = ∫ log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
2 0
𝜋
1
𝐼1 = × 2 ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 ……(P-VI)
2
𝜋
𝐼1 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (sin 𝑡 ) 𝑑𝑡
𝜋
𝐼1 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ……….(P-I)
𝐼1 = 𝐼
∴ 𝑒𝑞. (3) becomes
𝜋
2𝐼 = 𝐼 − log 2
2
𝜋
∴ 𝐼 = − log 2 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
2
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
𝜋
Q.1) 𝐼 = ∫0 log (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.1) 𝐼 = ∫0 log (1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 …..(1)
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 log [1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 − 𝑥)] 𝑑𝑥 ……(P-IV)
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ……..(2)
(1) + (2)
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫0 log ((1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)(1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫0 log (1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫0 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = 2 ∫0 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 …..[log𝑚𝑛 = 𝑛 log 𝑚]
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝐼 = 2 ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ……(P-VI)
𝜋
I
= ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 …….(3)
2
𝜋
I 𝜋
= ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( − 𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 …..(P-IV)
2 2
𝜋
I
= ∫02 log (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 …….(4)
2

(3 ) + (4)
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)) − log 2 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫02 log 2 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔2 (𝑥)02
2

𝜋
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥 − log 2
2
𝜋
𝐼 = 𝐼1 − log 2 …….(5)
2
𝜋
Where 𝐼1 = ∫02 log (𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)) 𝑑𝑥
𝑃𝑢𝑡 2𝑥 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
𝑑𝑡 𝜋
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 = ; 𝑡 = 𝜋
2 2
1 𝜋
∴ 𝐼1 = ∫0 log(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡) 𝑑𝑥
2
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋
1
𝐼1 = × 2 ∫02 log(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 ….(P-VI)
2
𝜋
𝐼1 = ∫02 log(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝜋
𝐼1 = ∫02 log(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ……..(P-I)
I
𝐼1 = …….{𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞. 3}
2

∴ 𝑒𝑞. (5) becomes

I 𝜋
𝐼 = − log 2
2 2
I −𝜋
⇒ 𝐼 = = log 2
2 2
I −π
⇒ = log 2
2 2

𝐼 = −𝜋 log 2 ans.
𝜋 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
Q.2) 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Sol.2) 𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 1 1 𝑑𝑥
.
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑑𝑥 ……….(1)
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (𝜋 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ……….(P-IV)
𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 (𝜋 − 𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ………..(2)
(1) + (2)
𝜋
2 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 + 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 − 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
2 𝐼 = 2𝜋 ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑑𝑥 ………(P-VI)
𝜋
𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥)
𝐼 = 𝜋 ∫02 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥) 2
𝐼 = [𝑥 − ]
2 2 0
𝜋 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋
𝐼 = [( − ) − (0 − 0)]
2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = [ − 0]
2 2
𝜋2
𝐼 = 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
4

Q.3) 2
∫1
√𝑥
𝑑𝑥
√3−𝑥+√𝑥

Sol.3) 𝐼 = ∫1
2 √𝑥
𝑑𝑥 … … … (1)
√3−𝑥+√𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
2 √1+2−𝑥 𝑏 𝑏
𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥 … … … [∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = ∫𝑎 𝑓(𝑎 + 𝑏 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]
√3−(1+2−𝑥)+√(1+2−𝑥)

2 √3−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥 ………(2)
√𝑥+√3−𝑥

(1) + (2)
2 √𝑥 + √3−𝑥
2 𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
√3−𝑥+√𝑥
2
2 𝐼 = ∫1 1 . 𝑑𝑥
2 𝐼 = (𝑥)12
2𝐼 = 2−1
1
⇒ 𝐼 = ans.
2
𝜋
Q.4) 1
𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
1+ √𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
6
𝜋
Sol.4) 3 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋 𝑑𝑥 ……..(1)
1+√𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
6
𝜋
1
𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 𝜋 𝜋
𝑑𝑥 …..(P-V) (above)
6 1+√𝑐𝑜𝑡( + −𝑥)
6 3

𝜋
1
𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
1+ √𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥
6
𝜋
1
𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 1 𝑑𝑥
6
1+
√𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝜋
√𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥 ………(2)
√𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 1
6

(1) + (2)
𝜋
√𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 1
2 𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
6
√𝑐𝑜𝑡 𝑥 + 1
𝜋

2 𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 1 . 𝑑𝑥
6
𝜋
2 𝐼 = (𝑥)𝜋3
6
𝜋 𝜋
2𝐼 = −
3 6
𝜋
2𝐼 =
6
𝜋
𝐼 = ans.
12

Q.5) 1 |5𝑥 − 3|
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
(3/5 )
Sol.5) 1 |5𝑥 − 3|
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
(3/5 )
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
3
1
𝐼 = − ∫05(5𝑥 − 3) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫3 (5𝑥 − 3) 𝑑𝑥
5
3
1
5𝑥 2 5 5𝑥 2
𝐼 = −[ − 3𝑥] + [ − 3𝑥]3
2 0 2
5

5 9 3 5 5 9 3
𝐼 = −[ . − 3 . ] + [( − 3) − ( . − 3 . )]
2 25 5 2 2 25 5
9 9 1 9 9
𝐼 = −( − ) + [− − + ]
10 5 2 10 5
9 9 1 9 9
𝐼 = − + − − +
10 5 2 10 5
13
𝐼 = 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
10

.
Q.6) 5 |𝑥 − 2|
𝐼 = ∫−5 𝑑𝑥
(2)
Sol.6) 5 |𝑥 − 2|
𝐼 = ∫−5 𝑑𝑥
(2)
2 5
𝐼 = − ∫5 (𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 (𝑥 − 2) 𝑑𝑥
2 5
𝑥2 𝑥2
𝐼 = −[ − 2𝑥] +[ − 2𝑥]
2 −5 2 2
25 25
𝐼 = − [(2 − 4) − ( + 10)] + [( − 10) − (2 − 4)]
2 2
45 5
𝐼 = − [−2 − ] + [ + 2]
2 2
45 5
𝐼 = 2+ + + 2 = 29 𝑎𝑛𝑠 .
2 2

Q.7) 5 |𝑥 − 6|
𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
(6)
Sol.7) 5 |𝑥 − 6|
𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
(6)
5
𝐼 = − ∫1 (𝑥 − 6) 𝑑𝑥
5
𝑥2
𝐼 = −[ − 6𝑥]
2 1
25 1
𝐼 = − [( − 30) − ( − 6)]
2 2
−35 11
𝐼 = −[ + ] = 12 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
2 2

Q.8) 1 𝑒 |𝑥|
𝐼 = ∫−1 𝑑𝑥
(0)
Sol.8) 0 1
𝐼 = ∫−1 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 −𝑥 0
𝐼 = [ ] + [𝑒 𝑥 ]10
−1 −1
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1 𝑒1
𝐼 = [ − ] + [𝑒 1 − 𝑒 0 ]
−1 −1

𝐼 = [−1 + 𝑒] + [𝑒 − 1]
𝐼 = 2𝑒 − 2 𝑎𝑛𝑠 .
𝜋
Q.9) 2
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 |𝑥| + 𝑐𝑜𝑠|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
−
2
𝜋
Sol.9)
𝐼 = ∫ 2𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 |𝑥| + 𝑐𝑜𝑠|𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
−
2
𝜋
0
𝐼 = ∫−𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
0
𝐼 = ∫−𝜋/2 −𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
𝐼 = [𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ]0−𝜋 + [−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 ]02
2

𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = [(𝑐𝑜𝑠 0 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0) − (𝑐𝑜𝑠 (− )) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− )] + [(−𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) − (−𝑐𝑜𝑠 0 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0)]
2 2 2 2

𝐼 = [(1 + 0) − (0 − 1)] + [(0 + 1)— (−1 + 0)]

𝐼 = 2 + 2 = 4 ans.
Q.10) 2
𝐼 = ∫0 |𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3| 𝑑𝑥

Sol.10) 2 |(𝑥 + 3)(𝑥 − 1)|

𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
(−3) (1)

1 2
∴ 𝐼 = − ∫0 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 3)
1 2
𝑥2 𝑥3
𝐼 = −[ + 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥] + [ + 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥]
3 0 3 1
1 8 1
𝐼 = − [( + 1 − 3) − (0)] + [( + 4 − 6) − ( + 1 − 3)]
3 3 3
−5 2 5
𝐼 = −[ ] + [ + ]
3 3 3
12
𝐼 = =4 𝑎𝑛𝑠 .
3
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Q.1) 2
𝐼 = ∫−1|𝑥 3 − 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥

Sol.1) 2 |𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1)|

𝐼 = ∫−1 𝑑𝑥
(0) (−1) (1)
0 1 2
∴ 𝐼 = + ∫−1(𝑥 3 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (𝑥 3 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
0 1 2
𝑥4 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥2 𝑥4 𝑥2
𝐼 = [ − ] −[ − ] +[ − ]
4 2 −1 4 2 0 4 2 1
1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐼 = [(0) − ( − )] − [( − ) − (0)] + [(4 − 2) − ( − )]
4 2 4 2 4 2
11
𝐼 = 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
4

Q.2) 4 |𝑥 − 3| + |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2|
𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
(3) (1) (2)
Sol.2) 4 |𝑥 − 1| + |𝑥 − 2| + |𝑥 − 3|
𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
(1) (2) (3)
2 3
𝐼 = ∫1 (𝑥 − 1) − (𝑥 − 2) − (𝑥 − 3) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑥 − 2) − (𝑥 − 3) 𝑑𝑥 +
4
∫3 (𝑥 − 1) + (𝑥 − 2) + (𝑥 − 3) 𝑑𝑥
2 3 4
𝐼 = ∫1 (−𝑥 + 4) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫3 (3𝑥 − 6) 𝑑𝑥
2 3 4
−𝑥 2 𝑥2 3𝑥 2
𝐼 = [ + 4𝑥] + [ ] + [ − 6𝑥]
2 1 2 2 2 3
−1 9 27
𝐼 = [(−2 + 8) − ( + 4)] + [ − 2] + [(24 − 24) − ( − 18)]
2 2 2
7 5 9
𝐼 = 6− + +
2 2 2
19
𝐼 = 𝑎𝑛𝑠 .
2

Q.3) 2𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 |𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥

Sol.3) 𝜋 2𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = [−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ]𝜋0 − [−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ]2𝜋
𝜋

𝐼 = −[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ]𝜋0 + [𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ]2𝜋

𝜋

𝐼 = −[𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 0] + [𝑐𝑜𝑠 2𝜋 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋]

𝐼 = −[−1 − 1] + [0 − (−1)]
𝐼 = 2+2
𝐼 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
𝜋
Q.4)
𝐼 = ∫02 |𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥)| 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
Sol.4)
𝐼 = ∫02 |𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥)| 𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋 𝜋
Critical 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡 2𝑥 = 𝑥=
2 4
𝜋 𝜋
2
∴ 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4
𝜋
4

∵ 0 < 𝑥 < 𝜋/4 ∵ 𝜋/4 < 𝑥 < 𝜋/2

{ }
0 < 2𝑥 < 𝜋/2 𝜋/2 < 2𝑥 < 𝜋
1𝑠𝑡 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑 (+ 𝑣𝑒) 2𝑛𝑑 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑 (− 𝑣𝑒)
𝜋
1 1
𝐼 = [𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)]𝜋/4
0 − [𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)] 2
𝜋
2 2
4

1 𝜋 1 𝜋
𝐼 = [(𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 0)] − [𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ]
2 2 2 2
1 1
𝐼 = [1 − 0] − [0 − 1]
2 2
1 1
𝐼 = +
2 2

𝐼 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
3
Q.5) 𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥] 𝑑𝑥 (𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛)

Sol.5) 1 2 3
𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 [𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 [𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
1 2 3
𝐼 = ∫0 (0) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (1) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫2 (2) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 0 + (𝑥)12 + (2𝑥)32
𝐼 = (2 − 1) + (6 − 4)
𝐼 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑠 .
2
Q.6) 𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥

Sol.6) 2
𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
1 √2 √3 2
𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫√2 [𝑥 2 ] + ∫√3[𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
1 √2 √3 2
𝐼 = ∫0 (0) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (1) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫√2 (2) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫√3(3) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 0 + (𝑥)1√2 + (2𝑥)√3
√2
+ (3𝑥)2√3

𝐼 = (√2 − 1) + (2√3 − 2√2) + (6 − 3√3)

𝐼 = 5 − √2 − √3 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …
1.5
Q.7) 𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥

Sol.7) 1.5
𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
1 √2 1.5
𝐼 = ∫0 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥 + ∫√2 [𝑥 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
1 √2 1.5
𝐼 = ∫0 0 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 (1) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫√2 (2) 𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = 0 + (𝑥)1√2 + (2𝑥)1.5
√2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝐼 = (√2 − 1) + (3 − 2√2)

𝐼 = 2 − √2 𝑎𝑛𝑠.
3
Q.8)
𝐼 = ∫−1|𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥)| 𝑑𝑥
2

Sol.8) Case – 𝐼
−1 < 𝑥 < 0 ; −𝜋 < 𝜋 𝑥 < 0
|𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥)| = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥)
Case−𝐼𝐼
1<𝑥<1 ; 0<𝜋𝑥<𝜋
|𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 𝑥)| = 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥)
Case−𝐼𝐼𝐼
3 3𝜋
1<𝑥< ; 𝜋<𝜋𝑥<
2 2

|𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥)| = −𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥)

3
1
∴ 𝐼 = ∫−1 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 − ∫12 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
let 𝐼1 = ∫ 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
−𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 𝑥) (−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜋 𝑥)
𝐼1 = [ − ∫(1) 𝑑𝑥]
𝜋 𝜋
−𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 𝑥) 1
𝐼1 = + ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
−𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥)
𝐼1 = +
𝜋 𝜋2

−𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥) 1 −𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 𝑥) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 𝑥) 3/2

∴ 𝐼=[ + ] −[ + ]
𝜋 𝜋2 −1 𝜋 𝜋2 1
3𝜋 3𝜋
−𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋) 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜋) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜋) −3 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 2 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(
2
) −𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋)
𝐼 = [( + )−( + )] − [( + )−( + )]
𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋 𝜋2 2 𝜋 𝜋 2 𝜋 𝜋2

𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋) = −1 ; 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜋) = −1
1 −1 1 +1 3𝜋
𝐼 = [( + 0) − ( + 0)] − [(0 − )−( + 0)] ….. { 𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝜋) = 0 ; 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( ) = −1 }
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠(3𝜋/2) = 0
1 1 1 1
𝐼= + + +
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋2 𝜋
3 1
∴ 𝐼= + ans.
𝜋 𝜋2
𝑒
Q.9) 𝐼 = ∫1/𝑒|log 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥
𝑒
Sol.9) 𝐼 = ∫1/𝑒|log 𝑥| 𝑑𝑥

Critical 𝑥 = 1 since log 1 = 0

1 𝑒
∴ 𝐼 = − ∫1/𝑒 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1 log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

let 𝐼 1 = ∫ log 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ log 𝑥 .1 𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1
= ∫ log 𝑥 . 𝑥 − ∫ . 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥

𝐼 1 = 𝑥 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑥 – 𝑥
∴ 𝐼 = −[𝑥 log 𝑥 − 𝑥 ]11/𝑒 + [𝑥 log 𝑥 − 𝑥 ]1𝑒
1 1 1
= − [(log 1 − 1) − ( log ( ) − )] + [(𝑒 log 𝑒 − 𝑒) − (log 1 − 1)]
𝑒 e e
−1 1 1
= − [(0 − 1) − ( − )] + [(𝑒 − 𝑒) − (0 − 1)] …...{∵ log = 1 , log ( ) = −1}
𝑒 𝑒 𝑒
2
=1− +1
𝑒
2
=2− ans.
𝑒
𝜋
Q.10)
𝐼 = ∫ 2𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−
2
𝜋
Sol.10)
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
−
2

Here
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 𝑥
𝑓(– 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛7 (– 𝑥) = (− sin 𝑥 )7 = – 𝑓(𝑥)
∴ 𝑓(– 𝑥) = – 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑓(𝑥) → odd function
𝑎
∴𝐼 = 0 Ans. ……{∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 0 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑓(𝑥)𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛}
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
𝜋
Q.1) 2−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 2𝜋 log ( ) 𝑑𝑥
− 2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2
𝜋
Sol.1) 2 2−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ log (
𝜋 ) 𝑑𝑥
− 2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2

2−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Here 𝑓(𝑥) = log [ ]
2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2−𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑥)
𝑓(– 𝑥) = log [ ]
2+𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑥)
2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
= log ( )
2−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
2−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑎 𝑏
= −log ( ) ……..[log ( ) = −log ( )]
2+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑏 𝑎

𝑓(– 𝑥) = – 𝑓(𝑥)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
∴ 𝐼 = 0 𝐴𝑛𝑠 ….
𝜋
Q.2)
𝐼 = ∫ 2 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−
2
𝜋
Sol.2)
I=∫ 2
𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−
2

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥
𝑓(– 𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 (−𝑥) = (− sin 𝑥)2 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 = 𝑓(𝑥)
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) → an even function
𝜋
𝑎 𝑎
∴ 𝐼 = 2 ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 …….{∵ ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥}
𝜋
2
𝐼 = ∫ 2 1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 0
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥) 2
𝐼 = [𝑥 − ]
2 0
𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋)
𝐼 = [ − ] − [0]
2 2
𝜋
𝐼 = 𝐴𝑛𝑠 … .. {∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝜋) = 0}
2
𝜋
Q.3)
𝐼 = ∫ 4 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−
4
𝜋
Sol.3)
𝐼 = ∫ 𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
4
−
4

Clearly 𝑓(𝑥) is an even function

𝜋
∴ 𝐼 = 2 ∫04 𝑠𝑖𝑛4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
= 2 ∫04 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 2
= 2 ∫04 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋
2
= ∫ 4 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 (2𝑥) − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 0
𝜋
1 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠(4𝑥)
= ∫4 1 + − 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 0 2
𝜋
1
= ∫ 4 3 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(4𝑥) − 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4 0
𝜋
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(4𝑥) 4
= [3𝑥 + − 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)]
4 4 0
1 3𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋 𝜋
= [( + − 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( )) − (0 + 0 − 0)]
4 4 4 4
1 3𝜋
= [ + 0 − 2] … … … {∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝜋) = 0}
4 4
3𝜋 1
= − 𝐴𝑛𝑠 … ..
16 2

Q.4) 𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
∫−𝑎 √𝑎+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol.4) 𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫−𝑎 √ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎+𝑥

rationalize
𝑎 𝑎−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫−𝑎 2 2 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎 −𝑥
𝑎 1 𝑎 𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑎 ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥 − ∫−𝑎 𝑑𝑥
√𝑎2 −𝑥 2 √𝑎2 −𝑥 2
1 𝑥
𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑓(𝑥) = ; 𝑔(𝑥) =
√𝑎2 −𝑥 2 √𝑎2 −𝑥 2
1 −𝑥
𝑓(– 𝑥) = ; 𝑔(– 𝑥) =
√𝑎2 (−𝑥)2 √𝑎2 −(−𝑥)2
1 −𝑥
𝑓(– 𝑥) = ; 𝑔(– 𝑥) =
√𝑎2 −𝑥 2 √𝑎2 −𝑥 2

𝑓(– 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑔(– 𝑥) = – 𝑔(𝑥)

𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑔(𝑥) → 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝑎
𝑎 1 𝑎 2 ∫ 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 ∶ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛
∴ 𝐼 = 2𝑎 ∫0 𝑑𝑥 − 0 … … . {∵ ∫−𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = { 0 }}
√𝑎2 −𝑥 2
0 ∶ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑜𝑑𝑑
𝑥 𝑎
𝐼 = 2𝑎 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 )
𝑎 0

𝐼 = 2𝑎 (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (1) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 (0))

𝜋
𝐼 = 2𝑎 ( )
2

𝐼 = 𝑎𝜋 ans.
Q.5) 𝜋 2𝑥 (1+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

Sol.5) 𝜋 2𝑥 (1+ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)

𝐼 = ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋 2𝑥+ 2𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)
𝐼 = ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝜋 2𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥 + 2 ∫−𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
2𝑥 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = ; 𝑔(𝑥) =
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
−2𝑥 (−𝑥)𝑠𝑖𝑛(−𝑥)
𝑓(– 𝑥) = ; 𝑔(– 𝑥) =
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝑓(– 𝑥) = – 𝑓(𝑥) ; 𝑔(– 𝑥) = = 𝑔(𝑥)
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 ; 𝑔(𝑥) → 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛

𝜋 𝑥 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
∴ 𝐼 = 0 + 4 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥

Removal of 𝑥 (already done)

Do yourself
𝐼 = 𝜋2 ans.
Q.6) 2𝜋
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol.6) 𝜋 2𝑎 𝑎
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ……{∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = 2 ∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(2𝑎 − 𝑥) = 𝑓(𝑥)}
𝜋
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 …….(1)
𝜋 𝑎 𝑎
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 (𝜋 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 …….[∫0 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 = ∫0 𝑓(𝑎 − 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥]
𝜋
𝐼 = −2 ∫0 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ……(2) ……..[∵ 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 − 𝑥) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 ]
(1) + (2)
2𝐼 = 0
𝐼 = 0 𝐴𝑛𝑠……

𝜋
Q.7) 2
𝐼 = ∫−𝜋 (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑥 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
2
𝜋 𝜋
Sol.7) 3 2
2
I = ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫
−𝜋
2
−𝜋 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2

𝑓(– 𝑥) = −𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑔(– 𝑥) = (−𝑥)2 = 𝑥 2
𝑓(– 𝑥) = – (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑔(– 𝑥) = 𝑔(𝑥)
𝑓(– 𝑥) = – 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥) → 𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
∴ 𝑓(𝑥) → 𝑜𝑑𝑑 𝑓𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛
𝜋
∴ 𝐼 = 0 − 2 ∫02 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 …….{property-VII}
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋
𝑥3 2
= −2 ( )
3 0

𝜋3
= −2 ( )
24
−𝜋3
= ans.
12

Q.8) 4
Evaluation using limit as sum 𝐼 = ∫2 3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥

Sol.8) Here 𝑎 = 2 , 𝑏 = 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛ℎ = 4 – 2 = 2

𝐼 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[𝑓(2) + 𝑓(2 + ℎ) + 𝑓(2 + 2ℎ) … … 𝑓(2 + (𝑛 − 1)ℎ)]
ℎ→0

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[(6 − 2) + (6 + 3ℎ − 2) + (6 + 6ℎ − 2) + … … . (6 + 3(𝑛 − 1)ℎ − 2)]

ℎ→0

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[4 + (4 + 3ℎ) + (4 + 6ℎ) + … … (4 + 3(𝑛 − 1)ℎ)]

ℎ→ 0

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[(4 + 4 + 4 … . . 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚) + (3ℎ + 6ℎ + … … 3(𝑛 − 1)ℎ)]

ℎ→ 0

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[4𝑛 + 3ℎ(1 + 2 + … … (𝑛 − 1))]

ℎ→ 0
𝑛(𝑛−1)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ [4𝑛 + 3ℎ . ]
ℎ→ 0 2
(𝑛ℎ)(𝑛ℎ−ℎ)
= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [4𝑛ℎ + 3 ]
ℎ→ 0 2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑛ℎ = 2
3(2)(2−ℎ)
∴ 𝐼 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [8 + ]
ℎ→0 2
3(2)(2)
= 8+
2

𝐼 = 14 𝐴𝑛𝑠 ….
4
4 3𝑥 2
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘: 𝐼 = ∫2 3𝑥 − 2 𝑑𝑥 = [ − 2𝑥] = [(24 − 8) − (6 − 4)]
2 2

= 16 – 2 = 14
Q.9) 2
𝐼 = ∫−1 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 𝑑𝑥
Sol.9) Here 𝑎 = – 1 , 𝑏 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑛ℎ = 3
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[𝑓(−1) + 𝑓(−1 + ℎ) + 𝑓(−1 + 2ℎ) + … … . 𝑓(−1 + (𝑛 − 1)ℎ)]
ℎ→ 0

= lim ℎ[(3 − 2 − 5) + [3(1 + ℎ2 − 2ℎ) − 2 + 2ℎ − 5] + [3(1 + 4ℎ2 − 4ℎ) − 2 +

ℎ→ 0

4ℎ − 5] + … . . [3(1 + (𝑛 − 1)2 ℎ2 − 2(𝑛 − 1)ℎ) − 2 + 2(𝑛 − 1)ℎ − 5]]

= lim ℎ[(−4) + (3𝑛2 − 4ℎ − ℎ) + (12ℎ2 − 8ℎ − 4) + … … . (3(𝑛 − 1)2 ℎ2 −
ℎ→ 0

4(𝑛 − 1)ℎ − 4)]

lim ℎ[(−4 − 4 − 4 … … 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚𝑠) + (3ℎ2 + 12ℎ2 + … . .3(𝑛 − 1)2 ℎ2 ) + (−4ℎ − 8 … . −4(𝑛 − 1)ℎ)]
= ℎ→ 0

= lim ℎ[−4𝑛 + 3ℎ2 (12 + 22 … . . (𝑛 − 1)2 ) − 4ℎ(1 + 2 + 3 … . . (𝑛 − 1))]

ℎ→ 0
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑛(𝑛−1)(2𝑛−1) 𝑛(𝑛−1)
= lim ℎ [−4𝑛 + 3ℎ2 . − 4ℎ . ]
ℎ→ 0 6 2
(𝑛ℎ)(𝑛ℎ−ℎ)(2𝑛ℎ−ℎ)
= lim [−4𝑛ℎ + − 2(𝑛ℎ)(𝑛ℎ − ℎ)]
ℎ→ 0 2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑛ℎ = 3
(3)(3−ℎ)(6−ℎ)
∴ 𝐼 = lim [−12 + − 2(3)(3 − ℎ)]
ℎ→0 2
(3)(3)(6)
= [−12 + − 2(3)(3)]
2

= −12 + 27 − 18
= −30 + 27
𝐼 = –3 𝐴𝑛𝑠 ….
2
Check: I = ∫−1 3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 5 𝑑𝑥

= (𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 5𝑥)2−1 = (8 + 4 − 10) − (−1 + 1 + 5)

= 2– 5 = –3 𝐴𝑛𝑠 … ..
Q.10) 5
𝐼 = ∫2 𝑒 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥

Sol.10) Here 𝑎 = 2 , 𝑏 = 5 & 𝑛ℎ = 3

𝐼 = 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[𝑓(2) + 𝑓(2 + ℎ) + 𝑓(2 + 2ℎ) + … . . (𝑓(2 + (𝑛 − 1)ℎ))]
ℎ→0

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[𝑒 4+1 + 𝑒 4+2ℎ+1 + 𝑒 4+4ℎ+1 + … … 𝑒 4+2(𝑛−1)ℎ+1 ]

ℎ→ 0

= 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[𝑒 5 + 𝑒 2ℎ+5 + 𝑒 4ℎ+5 + … . . 𝑒 2(𝑛−1)ℎ−15 ]

ℎ→ 0

= 𝑒 5 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ[1 + 𝑒 2ℎ + 𝑒 4ℎ + … . . 𝑒 2(𝑛−1)ℎ ]

ℎ→ 0

𝐺. 𝑃. 𝑎 = 1 , 𝑟 = 𝑒 2ℎ
𝑛
5 (𝑒 2ℎ ) −1
= 𝑒 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ [1 . ( )]
ℎ→ 0 𝑒 2ℎ −1

𝑒 2𝑛ℎ −1
= 𝑒 5 𝑙𝑖𝑚 [ ]
ℎ→ 0 𝑒 2ℎ −1

𝑒 2𝑛ℎ −1
= 𝑒 5 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ℎ [𝑒2ℎ−1 ] … … {𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡}
ℎ→ 0 ×2ℎ
2ℎ

𝑒 5 [𝑒 6 −1]
= 𝑒2ℎ −1
… . {∵ 𝑛ℎ = 3}
𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( )×2
ℎ→0 2ℎ

𝑒 5 (𝑒 6 −1) 𝑒 𝑥 −1
𝐼 = 𝐴𝑛𝑠 ……. {∵ 𝑙𝑖𝑚 ( ) = 1}
2 𝑥→0 𝑥
5
𝐶ℎ𝑒𝑐𝑘: 𝐼 = ∫2 𝑒 2𝑥+1 𝑑𝑥
5
𝑒 2𝑥+1 1 𝑒 5 (𝑒 6 −1)
= ( ) = [𝑒 11 − 𝑒 5 ] = ans,
2 2 2 2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Q.1) 4
𝐼 = ∫3 𝑒 3𝑥 + 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol.1) 𝑎 = 3 , 𝑏 = 4 , 𝑛ℎ = 4 – 3 = 1
𝐼 = lim ℎ[𝑓(3) + 𝑓(3 + ℎ) + 𝑓(3 + 2ℎ) + … . . 𝑓(3 + (𝑛 − 1)ℎ)]
ℎ→0

= lim ℎ[(𝑒 9 + 6) + (𝑒 9+3ℎ + 6 + 2ℎ) + (𝑒 9+6ℎ + 6 + 4ℎ) + … … (𝑒 9+3(𝑛−1)ℎ + 6 +

ℎ→ 0

2(𝑛 − 1)ℎ)]
= lim ℎ[{𝑒 9 + 𝑒 9+3ℎ + 𝑒 9+6ℎ + … … 𝑒 9+3(𝑛−1)ℎ } + {(6 + 6 + 6 + ⋯ … 𝑛 𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑚) +
ℎ→ 0

(2ℎ + 4ℎ + … … 2(𝑛 − 1)ℎ)}]

= lim ℎ[𝑒 9 + 𝑒 9+3ℎ + 𝑒 9+6ℎ + … … . 𝑒 9+3(𝑛−1)ℎ ] + lim ℎ[6𝑛 + 2ℎ(1 + 2 +

ℎ→ 0 ℎ→0

⋯ . (𝑛 − 1)]
2ℎ .𝑛(𝑛−1)
= 𝑒 9 lim ℎ[1 + 𝑒 3ℎ + 𝑒 6ℎ + … . . 𝑒 3(𝑛−1)ℎ ] + lim ℎ [6𝑛 + ]
ℎ→ 0 ℎ→0 2
𝑛
(𝑒 3ℎ ) −1
= 𝑒 9 lim ℎ [1 ( )] + lim [6𝑛ℎ + (𝑛ℎ)(𝑛ℎ − ℎ)]
ℎ→ 0 𝑒 3ℎ −1 ℎ→0

𝑒 3𝑛ℎ −1
= 𝑒 9 lim ℎ [𝑒3𝑛ℎ −1 ] + lim [6𝑛 + (𝑛ℎ)(𝑛ℎ − ℎ)]
ℎ→ 0 ×3ℎ ℎ→0
3ℎ

Put 𝑛ℎ = 1
(𝑒 3 −1)
∴ 𝐼 = 𝑒9 𝑒3ℎ −1
+ lim [6 + (1)(1 − ℎ)]
lim ( )×3 ℎ→0
ℎ→0 3ℎ

𝑒 9 (𝑒 3 −1)
𝐼 = +6+1
3
𝑒 9 (𝑒 3 −1)
𝐼 = + 7 Ans…..
3

Q.2) 𝜋 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
Evaluate ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥

Sol.2) 𝜋 1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 1−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
𝜋 1−2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠
𝐼 = ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 ( 2
𝑥
2
) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2
2

𝜋 1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 ( 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( )) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2

𝜋 𝑥 1 𝜋 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2 2

𝑥 𝜋 𝜋 1 𝑥 1 𝜋 𝑥
𝐼 = − [(𝑐𝑜𝑡 . 𝑒 𝑥 ) − ∫𝜋 − . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( ) 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] + ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2
2 𝜋/2 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 1 𝜋 𝑥 1 𝜋 𝑥
𝐼 = − [𝑐𝑜𝑡 . 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 . 𝑒 ] − ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝜋 𝑒 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
2 4 2 2 2 2 2 2
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = − [0 − 𝑒 ] 2 … … . . {∵ 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( ) = 0, 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( ) = 1}
2 4
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋
∴ 𝐼 = 𝑒2 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …..
𝜋
Q.3)
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥). 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2

𝜋
Sol.3)
𝐼 = 2 ∫02 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥. 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥. 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
Put 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡 when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
𝜋
cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = ; 𝑡 = 1
2
1
∴ 𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑡 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
1
𝑡2 1 1 𝑡2
= 2 [(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡. ) − ∫0 . 𝑑𝑡 ]
2 0 1+𝑡 2 2

𝜋 1 1 1 𝑡2
= 2 [( . ) − 0 − ∫0 𝑑𝑡]
4 2 2 1+𝑡 2
𝜋 1 1 1+𝑡 2 −1
= 2 [ − ∫0 𝑑𝑡]
8 2 1+𝑡 2
𝜋 1 1
= − ∫0 1 − 𝑑𝑡
4 1+𝑡 2
𝜋
= − [𝑡 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡]10
4
𝜋 𝜋
= − [(1 − ) − 0]
4 4
𝜋
𝐼 = −1 Ans….
2
𝜋
Q.4) 𝑥+𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥

Sol.4) 𝜋 𝑥+2 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑥) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑥)

2 2
𝐼 = ∫ 0
2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( )
2

𝜋 𝑥 𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠( )
2 2
𝐼 = ∫0 2𝑐𝑜𝑠2 (𝑥/2)
2 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 ( )
2
𝜋
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( ) + 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫ 2 𝑥 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (2) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫02 𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2) 𝑑𝑥
2 0
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
1 𝑥 2 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = [(𝑥 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) .2) − ∫02 1 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) . 2 𝑑𝑥] + ∫02 𝑡𝑎𝑛 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 0 2 2

𝜋 𝜋
1 𝜋 𝜋 𝑥 𝑥
𝐼 = [( . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 . 2) − 0] − ∫02 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑥 + ∫02 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑑𝑥
2 2 4 2 2
1 𝜋 𝜋
𝐼 = [ ]= 𝐴𝑛𝑠
2 1 2
𝜋
Q.5)
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 (2𝑡) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
𝜋
Sol.5)
(a) I = ∫04 𝑠𝑖𝑛3 (2𝑡) . 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡) 𝑑𝑡
Put 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑡) = 𝑧
∴ 2 cos(2𝑡)𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑧 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = 0 ; 𝑧 = 0
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑑𝑧 𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑡) 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑡 = ; 𝑧 = 1
2 4
1 1
∴ 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑧 3 𝑑𝑧
2
1
1 𝑧4
= ( )
2 4 0
1 1
= ( − 0)
2 4
1
𝐼 = Ans…..
8

Q.6) 𝐼 = ∫4
9 √𝑥
𝑑𝑥
3 2
(30−𝑒 2 )

Sol.6) 𝐼 = ∫4
9 √𝑥
𝑑𝑥
3 2
(30−𝑒 2 )

Put 30 – 𝑥 3/2 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 4 ; 𝑡 = 30 – 8 = 22

−3
𝑥 1/2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 9 ; 𝑡 = 30 – 27 = 3
2
−2
√𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 3
𝑑𝑡
−2 3 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐼 = ∫22 𝑡 2
3

−2 1 3
= (− )
3 𝑡 22
2 1 1
= [ − ]
3 3 22
2 22−3 2(19) 19
= ( )= = Ans….
3 66 3×66 99
𝜋
Q.7)
∫02 √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 𝑐𝑜𝑠 5 𝜑 𝑑𝜑
𝜋
Sol.7)
𝐼 = ∫02 √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝜑. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 𝑑𝜑
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜑 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜑 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
𝜋
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜑 𝑑𝜑 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜑 = ; 𝑡 = 1
2
1
∴ 𝐼 = ∫0 √𝑡(1 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜑)2 . 𝑑𝑡
1
= ∫0 √𝑡(1 − 𝑡 2 )2 𝑑𝑡
1
= ∫0 √𝑡(1 + 𝑡 4 − 2𝑡 2 ) 𝑑𝑡
1
= ∫0 √𝑡 + 𝑡 9/2 − 2𝑡 5/2 𝑑𝑡
2 2 2 1
= ( 𝑡 3/2 + 𝑡 11/2 − 2 . 𝑡 7/2 )
3 11 7 0
2 2 4
= ( + − ) − (0)
3 11 7
154+42−132
=
231
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
64
= 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …
231

Q.8) 1 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥

Sol.8) 1 2𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥
1 2𝑥
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 …….{∵ 2𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )}
1+𝑥 2
1
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 .1 𝑑𝑥
1 1
= 2 [(𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 . 𝑥)10 − ∫0 . 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
1+𝑥 2

Put 1 + 𝑥 2 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑥 = 1 , 𝑡 = 2
2

𝜋 1 2 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐼 = 2 [( . 1) − (0) − ]
4 2 1 𝑡
𝜋 1
= 2 [ − (log 𝑡)12 ]
4 2
𝜋 1
= 2 [ − (𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1)]
4 2
𝜋 1
= 2 [ − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2] … … {∵ 𝑙𝑜𝑔 1 = 0}
4 2
𝜋
𝐼 = − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …
2

Q.9) 1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥−√𝑥

Sol.9) 1 1
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥−√𝑥

Rationalize
1 √1+𝑥+√𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥−𝑥
3 3 1
2 2
𝐼 = [ (1 + 𝑥)2 + 𝑥 2 ]
3 3 0
3 3 3
2 2
= [(2) + (1) ] − [(1)2 + 0]
2 2
3 3
2 2
= (2√2 + 1) − (1)
3 3
4√3 2 2
= + −
3 3 3
4√2
𝐼 = ans.
3

Q.10) 1 2𝑥+3
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
5𝑥 2 +1

Sol.10) 1 2𝑥+3
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 (𝑠𝑒𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒)
5𝑥 2 +1
1 𝑥 1 1
𝐼 = 2 ∫0 𝑑𝑥 + 3 ∫0 𝑑𝑥
5𝑥 2 +1 5𝑥 2 +1

Put 5𝑥 2 + 1 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 1
10𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑡 = 6
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
10
2 6 𝑑𝑡 3 1 1
∴ 𝐼 = ∫ + ∫0 1 2
𝑑𝑡
10 1 𝑡 5 𝑥 2 +( )
√5

1 3 1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝑡]16 + × √5 [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑥 √5)]
5 5 0
1 3
= [(log 6 − log 1) + (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 √5 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 0)]
5 √5
1 3
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 6 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (√5) ans.
5 √5
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
DEFINITE INTEGRALS
Q.1) 2 1
(a) 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
4+𝑥−𝑥 2

Sol.1) 2 1
(a) 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
4+𝑥−𝑥 2

𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑓𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑠𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒
2 1
𝐼 = − ∫0
𝑥 2 −𝑥−4
2 1
𝐼 = − ∫0 1 2 1
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥− ) − −4
2 4

2 1
𝐼 = − ∫0 2 𝑑𝑥
1 2 √17
(𝑥− ) −( )
2 2

2 1
𝐼 = ∫0 2 𝑑𝑥
√17 1 2
( ) −(𝑥− )
2 2

√17 1
2
1 +𝑥−
2 2
𝐼 = √17
× (log | √17 1
|)
2× −𝑥+
2 2 2 0
2
1 √17+2𝑥−1
𝐼 = (𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |)
√17 √17−2𝑥+1 0
1 √17+3 √17−1
𝐼 = [𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |]
√17 √17−3 √17+1
1 √17+3 √17+1
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | × | … … {𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐴 – 𝑙𝑜𝑔 𝐵 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝐴/𝐵)}
√17 √17−3 √17−1
1 17+√17+3√17+3
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |
√17 17−√17−3√17+3

1 4√17+20
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |
√17 20−4√17

1 √17+5
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |
√17 5−√17

1 (√17+5)(5+√17)
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | | … … . (𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑧𝑒 )
√17 25−17

1 17+25+2√17
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
√17 8

1 42+2√17
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( )
√17 8

1 21+√17
∴ 𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 ( ) 𝐴𝑛𝑠 ….
√17 4

Q.2) 2 5(𝑥 2 −𝑥−1)

𝐼 = ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2

Sol.2) 2 (𝑥 2 −𝑥−1)
𝐼 = 5 ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2

Here , degree of numerator = degree of denominator

𝑅
Express 𝑞 =
𝐷
2 4𝑥+3
𝐼 = 5 ∫1 (1 − ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+2
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
2 2 4𝑥+3
= 5 ∫1 1 . 𝑑𝑥 − 5 ∫1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +3𝑥+3
2 4𝑥+3
= 5(𝑥)12 − 5 ∫1 (𝑥+1)(𝑥+2)
𝑑𝑥
2 4𝑥+3
𝐼 = 5 − 5 ∫1 (𝑥+1)(𝑥+2)
𝑑𝑥
4𝑥+3 A B
Let (𝑥+1)(𝑥+2) = +
𝑥+1 𝑥+2

⇒ 4𝑥 + 3 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 + 1)
Comp. the coff. of 𝑥 and constant
4 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
3 = 2𝐴 + 𝐵
Solving then equation, we get
𝐴 = –1 & 𝐵 = 5
2 −1 5
∴ 𝐼 = 5 − 5 ∫1 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+2 𝑥+2

𝐼 = 5 − 5 [– 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 1| + 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔|𝑥 + 2|]12

= 5 − 5[(−𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔 4)— (𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3)]
= 5 − 5[−𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 + 10 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − 5 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3]
= 5 − 5[11 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − 6 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3]
𝐼 = 5 – 55 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 + 30 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 𝐴𝑛𝑠 …
Q.3) 𝑏 𝑏 2
If ∫𝑎 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0 and if ∫𝑎 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = . Find value of 𝑎 & 𝑏.
3

Sol.3) 𝑏
Consider ∫𝑎 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 = 0
𝑏
𝑥4
⇒ ( ) =0
4 𝑎
1
⇒ [𝑏 4 − 𝑎4 ] = 0
4

⇒ 𝑎4 = 𝑏 4
⇒ 𝑎 = −𝑏
𝑏 2
Consider ∫𝑎 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 3
𝑏
𝑥3 2
⇒ ( ) =
3 𝑎 3
1 2
⇒ (𝑏 3 − 𝑎3 ) =
3 3
3 3
⇒ 𝑏 −𝑎 =2
⇒ (−𝑎)3 − 𝑎3 = 2
⇒ −𝑎3 − 𝑎3 = 2
⇒ −2𝑎3 = 2
⇒ 𝑎3 = −1
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
⇒ 𝑎 = −1
Since 𝑏 = – 𝑎 ∴ 𝑏 = 1
∴ 𝑎 =–1&𝑏 = 1 Ans….
𝜋
Q.4)
𝐼 = ∫𝜋2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥). log (𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
4
𝜋 𝜋
Sol.4) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥) 2 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)
𝐼 = [(log(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥). )𝜋 − ∫𝜋2 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥]
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 2
4 4

𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 1
2
= [(log 1 . ) − (log ( ) . )] − ∫𝜋2 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 . 2𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 √2 2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
4
𝜋
1
= [0 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔(√2) ] − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝜋
2
… … . . {𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑎/𝑏) = – 𝑙𝑜𝑔 (𝑏/𝑎)}
2
4
𝜋
1 1 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − ∫𝜋2 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠(2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
4
𝜋
1 1 1 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥) 2
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − [𝑥 + ]𝜋
2 2 2 2
4

1 1 1 𝜋 𝜋 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − [( + 0) − ( + )]
2 2 2 2 4 2
1 1 𝜋 𝜋 1
= 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − + +
2 2 4 8 4
1 𝜋 1
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 2 − + ans.
4 8 4
𝜋
Q.5) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
6
√𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)
𝜋
Sol.5) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
6
√1−1+𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
= ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
6
√1−(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥)
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
= ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
6
√1−[𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥−2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥]
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
= ∫𝜋3 𝑑𝑥
6
√1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)2

𝜋 1 √3 1−√3
𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡 = − =
6 2 2 2
𝜋 √3 1 √3−1
(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡 = − =
3 2 2 2
√3−1
2 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐼 = ∫1−√3
√1−𝑡 2
2

√3−1
= (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑡)1−√3
2

√3−1 1−√3
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) − 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( )
2 2
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
√3−1 √3−1
= 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) + 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) … … . {∵ 𝑠𝑖𝑛– 1(– 𝑥) = – 𝑠𝑖𝑛– 1 𝑥}
2 2

√3−1
𝐼 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 ( ) 𝐴𝑛𝑠 … ..
2
𝜋
Q.6) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑑𝑥
9+16 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (2𝑥)
𝜋
Sol.6) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑑𝑥
9+16 [1−1+𝑠𝑖𝑛(2𝑥)]
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑑𝑥
9+16 [1−(1−𝑠𝑖𝑛 2𝑥)]
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑑𝑥
9+16 [1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥−2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)]
𝜋
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫04 𝑑𝑥
9+16 [1−(𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥−𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥)2 ]

𝑃𝑢𝑡 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 – 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 , 𝑡 = 0 – 1 = – 1

𝜋 1 1
(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ,𝑡 = − =0
4 √2 √2
0 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐼 = ∫−1
9+16(1−𝑡 2 )
0 1
= ∫−1 𝑑𝑡
25−16𝑡 2
1 0 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
16 −1 (5)2 −𝑡 2
4

5 0
1 1 +𝑡
4
= × 5 (𝑙𝑜𝑔 | 5 |)
16 2× −𝑡
4 4 −1

1 5+4𝑡 0
= (𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |)
40 5−4𝑡 −1
1 1
= [𝑙𝑜𝑔|1| − 𝑙𝑜𝑔 | |]
40 9
1
= [0 + 𝑙𝑜𝑔(9)]
40
1
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 9
40
1
𝐼 = 𝑙𝑜𝑔 3 𝐴𝑛𝑠 … ..
20

Q.7) 2 1 1
(a) 𝐼 = ∫1 𝑒 2𝑥 ( − ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2𝑥 2

Sol.7) 2 1 1 2 1
(a) 𝐼 = ∫1 𝑒 2𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 − ∫1 𝑒 2𝑥 . 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 𝑥
2
1 𝑒 2𝑥 1 2 1 1 2 1
=( . ) + ∫1 𝑒 2𝑥 . 2 𝑑𝑥 − ∫1 𝑒 2𝑥 . 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 1 2 𝑥 2 𝑥

1 𝑒4 1 𝑒2
=( . )−( . )
2 2 1 2
𝑒4 𝑒2
= −
4 2
𝑒2 𝑒2
= ( − 1) Ans…..
2 2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋
Q.8) 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥+4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑥

Sol.8) Divide 𝑁 & 𝐷 by cos 4 𝑥

𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥+4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫02 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥(1+4 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)
𝑝𝑢𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡
𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝐼 = ∫02 (1+𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑑𝑥 || 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0
𝑥)(1+4𝑡𝑎𝑛2 𝑥)
𝜋
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = ; 𝑡 = ∞
2
∞ 𝑑𝑡
𝐼 = ∫0 (1+𝑡 2 )(1+4𝑡 2 ) 𝑑𝑥

Type: partial fraction type 4

Let 𝑡 2 = 𝑦 (temp.)
1 1
∴ (1+𝑡 2 )(1+4𝑡 2 )
= (1+𝑦)(1+4𝑦)
1 𝐴 𝐵
let (1+𝑦)(1+4𝑦)
= +
1+𝑦 1+4𝑦

1 = 𝐴(1 + 4𝑦) + 𝐵(1 + 𝑦)

Comp. 0 = 4𝐴 + 𝐵
1 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
Solving these equations
1 4
𝐴 = − & 𝐵 =
3 3
∞ −1 4 1
∴ 𝐼 = ∫0 3(1+𝑡 2 ) + . (1+4𝑡 2 ) 𝑑𝑡
3
−1 ∞ 1 4 1 ∞ 1
= ∫0 𝑑𝑡 + . ∫0 1 𝑑𝑡
3 1+𝑡 2 3 4 +𝑡 2
4

−1 ∞ 1 1 ∞ 1
= ∫0 𝑑𝑡 + ∫0 1 2
𝑑𝑡
3 1+𝑡 2 3 ( ) +𝑡 2
2

−1 1 ∞
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (𝑡)∞ −1
0 + × 2(𝑡𝑎𝑛 (2𝑡))0
3 3
−1 2
= (𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 ∞ − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 0) + [𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (∞) − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 (0)]
3 3
−1 𝜋 2 𝜋
= [ ] + [ − 0]
3 2 3 2
−𝜋 𝜋
= +
6 3
𝜋
𝐼 = Ans…..
6

Q.9) 1 1−𝑥
∫0 √1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol.9) 1 1−𝑥
∫0 √1+𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
rationalize
1 1−𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2

Separate
1 1 1 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 − ∫0 𝑑𝑥
√1−𝑥 2 √1−𝑥 2

𝑃𝑢𝑡 1 – 𝑥 2 = 𝑡 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 1
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = − 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑥 = 1 ; 𝑡 = 0
2
1 1 1 0 𝑑𝑡
∴ 𝐼 = ∫0 𝑑𝑥 + ∫1
√1−𝑥 2 2 √𝑡
1 0
𝐼 = (𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥)10 + (2√𝑡)1
2
𝜋 1
𝐼 = ( − 0) + (0 − 2)
2 2
𝜋
𝐼 = −1 ans.
2
1
Q.10) √2 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0 3
(1−𝑥 2 )2
1
Sol.10) 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0√2 3
(1−𝑥 2 )2
1
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥
𝐼 = ∫0√2 𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥 2 )√1−𝑥 2

Put 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 𝑥 = t when 𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑡 = 0

1 1 𝜋
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 when 𝑥 = ;𝑡 =
√1−𝑥 2 √2 4
𝜋
𝑡
𝐼 = ∫0 4
(1−𝑥 2 )
𝑑𝑡
𝜋
𝑡
= ∫04 (1−𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝑑𝑡 … … {∵ 𝑥 = 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑡}
𝑡)
𝜋
= ∫04 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡 . 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜋 𝜋
= (𝑡 𝑡𝑎𝑛 )04 − ∫04 1 . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝜋
𝜋 𝜋 4
= ( . 𝑡𝑎𝑛 − 0) − (log|sec 𝑡 | )0
4 4
𝜋 𝜋
= − [𝑙𝑜𝑔(√2) − 𝑙𝑜𝑔(1)] ……..{∵ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 = √2𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝜃 = 1}
4 4
𝜋 1
= − [ log 2]
4 2
𝜋 1
𝐼 = − log 2 Ans…
4 2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Integration (Indefinite Integrals)
Q.1) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥cos3 (𝑥 2 )sin(𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
Sol.1) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥cos3 (𝑥 2 )sin(𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥
put x2 = t
1
2x dx = dt ⇒ x dx = 𝑑𝑡
2
1 3
. .𝐼 = ∫ cos 𝑡. sin𝑡𝑑𝑡
.
2
put cos t = z
sin t dt = –dz
1
...𝐼 = − ∫ 𝑧 3 𝑑𝑥
2
−1 𝑧 4
= +𝑐
2 4
replacing ‘z'
−1
= cos4 𝑡 + 𝑐
8
replacing t
−1
= cos4 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑐 ans.
8

Q.2) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin3 𝑥.cos𝑥

Sol.2) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin3 𝑥.cos𝑥
Divide N & D by cos4 x
𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
tan𝑥
∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥.𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥
tan𝑥
∫ (1+tan2 𝑥).𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= 𝑑𝑥
tan𝑥
put tan x = t
... sec2 x dx = dt
(1 + 𝑡 2 )
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
1
= ∫ + 𝑡𝑑𝑡
𝑡
𝑡2
= log ∣ 𝑡 ∣= +𝑐
2
1
𝐼 = log ∣ tan𝑥 ∣ + tan2 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
2

Q.3) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin4 𝑥.cos2 𝑥

Sol.3) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin4 𝑥.cos2 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Divide N & D by cos6 x
𝑠𝑒𝑐 6 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
tan2 𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥.𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
tan2 𝑥
(1+tan2 𝑥)2 .𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
tan2 𝑥
put tan x = t
sec2 x dx = dt
(1+𝑡 2 )2
...𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
1+𝑡 4 +2t2
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
1
= ∫ + 𝑡 2 + 2𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
−1 𝑡3
= + + 2t + 𝑐
𝑡 3
1 tan3 𝑥
...𝐼 = − + + 2tan𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
tan𝑥 3

Q.4) cos9 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
Sol.4) cos9 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
cos8 𝑥.cos𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
(cos2 𝑥)4 .cos𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
(1−sin2 𝑥)4 cos𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫
sin𝑥
put sin x = t
.
. . cos x dx = dt
(1−𝑡 2 )4
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
(1+𝑡 4 −2t2 )2
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
1+𝑡 3 +4t4 +2t4 −4t6 −4t2
= ∫
𝑡
𝑡 8 −4t6 +4t4 −4t2 +1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
1
= ∫ 𝑡 7 − 4t + 4t 3 − 4t + 𝑑𝑡
5
𝑡
𝑡8 4t6 4t4 4t2
= ∫ − + − + log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ +𝑐
8 6 4 2
sin8 𝑥 2
= ∫ − sin6 𝑥 + sin4 𝑥 − 2sin2 𝑥 + log ∣ sin𝑥 ∣ +𝑐
8 3

→ Sin x and Cos x in multiplication with different Angles :-

Q.5) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin(3x)cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
Sol.5) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin(3x)cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1
= ∫ 2sin(3x). cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ sin(5x) + sin(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
1 −cos(5x)
𝐼= [ − cos𝑥] + 𝑐 ans.
2 5

Q.6) sin(4x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin(2x). sin(4x). sin(6x)𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥

Sol.6) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin(2x). sin(4x). sin(6x)𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ [2sin(2x). sin(4x)]. sin(6x)𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ [cos(2x) − cos(6x)]. sin(6x)𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ sin(6x). cos(2x) − sin(6x). cos(6x)𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 2sin(6x)cos(2x) − 2sin(6x). cos(6x)𝑑𝑥
4
1
= ∫ sin(8x) + sin(4x) − sin(12x)𝑑𝑥
4
1 −cos(8x) cos(4x) sin(12x)
= [ − + ]+𝑐 ans.
4 8 4 12

sin(4x)
iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
sin(2x).cos(2x)
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
sin𝑥.cos𝑥.cos(2x)
= 4∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
= ∫ 2 cos 𝑥. cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
= 2∫ cos(3x) + cos𝑥𝑑𝑥 …...{2 cos A cos B = cos (A + B) + cos(A – B)}
sin(3x)
= 2[ + sin𝑥] + 𝑐 ans.
3

Q.7) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ tan3 𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑥. tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Sol.7) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ tan 𝑥. (1 + tan2 𝑥). 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
put tan x = t
... sec2 x dx = dt
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡(1 + 𝑡 2 )𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 𝑡 + 𝑡 3 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2 𝑡4
= + +𝑐
2 4
tan2 𝑥 tan4 𝑥
𝐼= + + 𝑐 ans.
2 4

(ii)𝐼 = ∫ tan3 𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫ tan2 𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥. tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
= ∫ (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1). 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
put sec x = t
sec x tan x dx = dt
𝐼 = ∫ (𝑡 2 − 1)𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 𝑡 4 − 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑡5 𝑡3
= − +𝑐
5 3
𝑠𝑒𝑐 5 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 3
𝐼= − + 𝑐 ans.
5 3

(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑥. tan𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫ sin𝑛−1 𝑥. tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
put sec x = t
sec x tan x dx = dt
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡 𝑛−1 𝑑𝑡
𝑡𝑛
= +𝑐
𝑛
𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑛 𝑥
𝐼= + 𝑐 ans.
𝑛

→ QNS Based On Sin(A ± B) and Cos(A ± B) :-

Q.8) sin(𝑥−𝑎) sin𝑥 sin(𝑥+𝑎)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥 sin(𝑥+𝑎) sin(𝑥+𝑏)

Sol.8) sin(𝑥−𝑎)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
sin𝑥.cos𝑎−cos𝑥.sin𝑎
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
Separate
= ∫ cos𝑎 − cot𝑥. sin𝑎𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥cos𝑎 + log ∣ sin𝑥 ∣. sin𝑎 + 𝑐

sin𝑥
(ii) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑎)
sin(𝑥+𝑎−𝑎)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑎)
sin(𝑥+𝑎).cos𝑎 cos(𝑥+𝑎)sin𝑎
= ∫ − 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑎) sin(𝑥+𝑎)
= ∫ cos𝑎 − cot(𝑥 + 𝑎) sin 𝑎 𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos 𝑎 − log ∣ sin(𝑥 + 𝑎) ∣ sin 𝑎 + 𝑐 ans.

sin(𝑥+𝑎)
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑏)
sin(𝑥+𝑎+𝑏−𝑏)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑏)
sin[(𝑥+𝑏)+(𝑎−𝑏)]
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑏)
sin(𝑥+𝑏)cos(𝑎−𝑏) cos(𝑥+𝑏)sin(𝑎−𝑏)
= ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑏) sin(𝑥+𝑏)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
= ∫ cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) + cot(𝑥 + 𝑏)sin(𝑎 − 𝑏)𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑥 cos(𝑎 − 𝑏) + log ∣ sin(𝑥 + 𝑏) ∣ sin(𝑎 − 𝑏) + 𝑐 ans.
Q.9) sin(2x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(5x)sin(3x)

Sol.9) sin(2x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(5x)sin(3x)
sin(5x−3x)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(5x).sin(3x)
sin(3x)cos(3x)−cos(5x).sin(3x)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(5x).sin(3x)
Separate
𝐼 = ∫ cot(3x) − cot(5x)𝑑𝑥
1 1
= log ∣ sin(3x) ∣ − log ∣ sin(5x) ∣ +𝑐 ans.
3 5

Q.10) 1 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏) cos(𝑥+𝑎)cos(𝑥+𝑏)
1
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥+𝑏)cos(𝑥−𝑏)

Sol.10) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ 1
𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏)
1 sin(𝑎−𝑏)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏)
1 sin(𝑎−𝑏+𝑥−𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏)
1 sin[(𝑥−𝑏)−(𝑥−𝑎)]
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏)
1 sin(𝑥−𝑏)cos(𝑥−𝑎)−cos(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎)sin(𝑥−𝑏)
Separate
1
= ∫ cot(𝑥 − 𝑎) − cot(𝑥 − 𝑏)𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏)
1
= ∫ [log ∣ sin(𝑥 − 𝑎) ∣ −log ∣ sin(𝑥 − 𝑏) ∣] + 𝑐
sin(𝑎−𝑏)

log ∣∣∣
1 sin(𝑥−𝑎)∣
𝐼= ∣+𝑐 ans.
sin(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑏)∣

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos(𝑥+𝑎)cos(𝑥+𝑏)
1 sin(𝑎−𝑏)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) cos(𝑥+𝑎).cos(𝑥+𝑏)
1 sin(𝑎−𝑏+𝑥−𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) cos(𝑥+𝑎).cos(𝑥+𝑏)
1 sin[(𝑥+𝑎)−(𝑥+𝑏)]
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) cos(𝑥+𝑎).cos(𝑥+𝑏)
1 sin(𝑥+𝑎)cos(𝑥+𝑏)−cos(𝑥+𝑎)sin(𝑥+𝑏)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏) cos(𝑥+𝑎).cos(𝑥+𝑏)
Separate:
1
= ∫ tan(𝑥 + 𝑎) − tan(𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑎−𝑏)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1
= [log ∣ 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥 + 𝑎) ∣ −log ∣ 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥 + 𝑏) ∣] + 𝑐
sin(𝑎−𝑏)

log ∣∣∣
1 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥+𝑎)∣
𝐼= ∣+𝑐 ans.
sin(𝑎−𝑏) 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥+𝑏)∣

1
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin(𝑥−𝑎)cos(𝑥−𝑏)
1 cos(𝑎−𝑏)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎).cos(𝑥−𝑏)
1 cos(𝑎−𝑏+𝑥−𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎).cos(𝑥−𝑏)
1 cos[(𝑥−𝑏)−(𝑥−𝑎)]
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎).cos(𝑥−𝑏)
1 cos(𝑥−𝑏)cos(𝑥−𝑎)+sin(𝑥−𝑏)sin(𝑥−𝑎)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos(𝑎−𝑏) sin(𝑥−𝑎).cos(𝑥−𝑏)
Separate
1
= ∫ cot(𝑥 − 𝑎) + tan(𝑥 − 𝑏)𝑑𝑥
cos(𝑎−𝑏)
1
𝐼= [log ∣ sin(𝑥 − 𝑎) ∣ +log ∣ 𝑠𝑒𝑐(𝑥 − 𝑏) ∣] + 𝑐 ans.
cos(𝑎−𝑏)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Integration (Indefinite Integrals)
Q.1) cos(2x)−cos(2𝛼) 1+cos(4x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥−cos𝛼 cot𝑥−tan𝑥

Sol.1) cos(2x)−cos(2x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥−cos𝑥
(2cos2 𝑥−1)−(2cos2 𝛼−1)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥−cos𝛼
cos2 𝑥−cos2 𝛼
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥−cos𝛼
(cos𝑥+cos𝛼)(cos𝑥−cos𝛼)
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥−cos𝛼
= 𝐼 = 2[sin𝑥 + 𝑥cos𝛼] + 𝑐 ans.

1+cos(4x)
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cot𝑥−tan𝑥
2cos2 (2x)
= ∫ cos𝑥 sin𝑥 𝑑𝑥
−
sin𝑥 cos𝑥
2cos2 (2x)
= ∫ cos2 𝑥−sin2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥cos𝑥
2sin𝑥.cos𝑥.cos2 (2x)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos2 𝑥−sin2 𝑥
sin(2x).cos2 (2x)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos(2x)
= ∫ sin(2x). cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 2sin(2x). cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ sin(4x)𝑑𝑥
2
1 cos(4x)
= (− )+𝑐
2 4
1
𝐼 = − cos(4x) + 𝑐 ans.
8
1 1
→ Type : Rationalize : ∫ 1±sin𝑥 𝑑𝑥, ∫
1±cos𝑥
𝑑𝑥

Q.2) 1 sin𝑥
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+sin𝑥 1−sin𝑥

Sol.2) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+sin𝑥
Rationalize
1 1−sin𝑥
= ∫ × 𝑑𝑥
1+sin𝑥 1−sin𝑥
1−sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos2 𝑥
Separate
1 sin𝑥
𝐼=∫ − 𝑑𝑥
cos 𝑥 cos 2 𝑥
2

= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − tan𝑥𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = tan𝑥 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES

sin𝑥
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−sin𝑥
Rationalize
sin𝑥(1+sin𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1−sin𝑥)(1+sin𝑥)
sin𝑥+sin2 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos2 𝑥
Separate
= ∫ tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + tan2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = −𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + tan𝑥 − 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.

Q.3) cos𝑥−cos(2x) 1−cos(2x)

(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √ 𝑑𝑥
1−cos𝑥 1+cos(2x)

(iii) 𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + tan𝑥)𝑑𝑥

Sol.3) cos𝑥−cos(2x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−cos𝑥
cos𝑥−(2cos2 𝑥−1)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−cos𝑥
2cos2 𝑥−cos𝑥−1
= −∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−cos𝑥
(2cos𝑥+1)(cos𝑥−1)
= −∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−cos𝑥
(2cos𝑥+1)(cos𝑥−1)
= −∫ 𝑑𝑥
−(cos𝑥−1)
= ∫ 2cos𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥
= 𝐼 = 2sin𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.

1−cos(2x)
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √ 𝑑𝑥
1+cos(2x)

2sin2 𝑥
= ∫ tan−1 √ 𝑑𝑥
2cos2 𝑥

= ∫ tan−1 (tan𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝐼= +𝑐 ans.
2

(iii) 𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 (𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 + tan𝑥)𝑑𝑥

1 sin𝑥
= ∫ tan−1 ( + ) 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥 cos𝑥
1+sin𝑥
= ∫ tan−1 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥
𝜋
1+cos( 2 −𝑥)
−1
= ∫ tan [ 𝜋 ] 𝑑𝑥
sin( 2 −𝑥)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝜋 𝑥
2cos2 ( 4 −2)
−1
= ∫ tan ( 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 ) 𝑑𝑥
2sin( − )cos( − )
4 2 4 2
𝜋 𝑥
= ∫ tan−1 (cot ( − )) 𝑑𝑥
4 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝑥
= ∫ tan−1 [tan ( − ( − ))] 𝑑𝑥
2 4 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝑥
= ∫ − + 𝑑𝑥
2 4 2
𝜋𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
4 2
𝜋 𝑥2
=∫ + +𝑐 ans.
4 2

Q.4) cos(2x) cos𝑥−sin𝑥

(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(cos𝑥+sin𝑥)2 1+sin(2x)
1−tan𝑥
(iii) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+tan𝑥

Sol.4) cos(2x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(cos𝑥+sin𝑥)2
cos2 𝑥−sin2 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(cos𝑥+sin𝑥)2
(cos𝑥+sin𝑥)(cos𝑥−sin𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(cos𝑥+sin𝑥)2
cos𝑥−sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥+sin𝑥
put cos x sin x = t
(–sin x + cos x) dx = dt
𝑑𝑡
= ∫
𝑡
= log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ +𝑐
= 𝐼 = log ∣ cos𝑥 + sin𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.

cos𝑥−sin𝑥
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+sin(2x)
cos𝑥−sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥+cos2 𝑥+2sin𝑥cos𝑥
cos𝑥−sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(sin𝑥+cos𝑥)2
put sin x + cos x = t
(cos x – sin x) dx = dt
𝑑𝑡
= ∫
𝑡2
1
= ∫ − +𝑐
𝑡
1
= 𝐼=− +2 ans.
sin𝑥+cos𝑥

1−tan𝑥
(iii) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+tan𝑥
1−sin𝑥
cos𝑥
= ∫ 1+sin𝑥 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
cos𝑥−sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥+sin𝑥
put cos x + sin x = t
(–sin x + cos x) dx = dt
𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = ∫
𝑡
= 𝐼 = log ∣ sin𝑥 + cos𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
Q.5) sin8 𝑥−cos8 𝑥 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−2sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥 √sin3 𝑥sin(𝑥+𝛼)

Sol.5) sin8 𝑥−cos8 𝑥

(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1−2sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥
(sin4 𝑥)2 −(cos4 𝑥)2
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 …...{1 = sin2 x + cos x}
(sin2 𝑥+cos2 𝑥)2 −2sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥
(sin4 𝑥+cos4 𝑥)(sin4 𝑥−cos4 𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin4 𝑥+cos4 𝑥+2sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥−2sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥
(sin4 𝑥+cos4 𝑥)(sin4 𝑥−cos4 𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin4 𝑥+cos4 𝑥
= ∫ (sin2 𝑥 + cos𝑥)(sin2 𝑥 − cos 2 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (1)[−cos(2x)]𝑑𝑥 …...{cos(2x) = cos2 x – sin2 x}
= −∫ cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
−sin(2x)
= +𝑐 ans.
2

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√sin3 𝑥sin(𝑥+𝛼)
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√sin3 𝑥.(sin𝑥cos𝛼+cos𝑥sin𝛼)
take sin x common
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√sin4 𝑥.(cos𝛼+cot𝑥sin𝛼)
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√sin2 𝑥.(cos𝛼+cot𝑥sin𝛼)
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√cos𝛼+cot𝑥sin𝛼
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√(cos𝛼+cot𝑥sin𝛼)
put cos𝛼 + cot𝑥sin𝛼 = 𝑡
. . −𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥. sin𝛼𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
.

−𝑑𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
sin𝛼
1 𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = − ∫
sin𝛼 √𝑡
−1
= × 2√𝑡 + 𝑐
sin𝛼
1
𝐼=− 2√cos𝛼 + cot𝑥sin𝛼 + 𝑐 ans.
sin𝛼

Q.6) sin(2x) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎+𝑏cos𝑥)2 √1−sin𝑥

Sol.6) sin(2x)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎+𝑏cos𝑥)2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
sin𝑥.cos𝑥
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎+𝑏cos𝑥)2
put a + b cos x = t
... –b sin x dx = dt
−𝑑𝑡
sin𝑥𝑑𝑥 =
5
−2 cos𝑥
𝐼= ∫ 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑏 𝑡
−2 1 𝑡−𝑎
= 2 ∫ 2 . ( ) 𝑑𝑡
𝑏 𝑡 𝑏
−2 𝑡−𝑎
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑏2 𝑡2
−2 1 𝑎
= ∫ − 𝑑𝑡
𝑏2 𝑡 𝑡2
−2 𝑎
= [log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ + ] + 𝑐
𝑏2 𝑡
−2 𝑎
𝐼= [log ∣ 𝑎 + 𝑏cos𝑥 ∣ + ]+𝑐 ans.
𝑏2 𝑎+𝑏cos𝑥

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1−sin𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
√1−cos( −𝑥)
2
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝑥
√2sin2 ( − )
4 2
1 𝜋 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( − ) 𝑑𝑥
√2 4 2
1 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥 𝜋
= . log ∣∣𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( − ) − cot ( − )∣∣ × (−2) + 𝑐
√2 4 2 4 2
𝜋 𝑥 𝜋 𝑥
= −√2. log ∣∣𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( − ) − cot ( − )∣∣ + 𝑐 ans
4 2 4 2
𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
→ Type : ∫ 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟√𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑥, √𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑥, ∫
√(𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟)𝑛
𝑑𝑥

Put Linear = t or t2 (Or) make adjustments

Q.7) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ (7x − 2)√3x + 2𝑑𝑥
2x+3
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−12 )

Sol.7) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥 √𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥

put 𝑥 + 2 = 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 = 2t𝑑𝑡
. .𝐼 = 2∫ 𝑥. √𝑡 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡
.

= 2∫ (𝑡 2 − 2). 𝑡. 𝑡𝑑𝑡
= 2∫ 𝑡 4 − 2t 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑡5 2t3
= 2[ − ]+𝑐
5 5
1
replacing t by (𝑥 + 2)2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
5
(𝑥+2)2 (𝑥+2)3⁄2
= 2[ −2 ]+𝑐 ans.
5 3

Alternate Method: (adjustment)

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥√𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (𝑥 + 2 − 2)√𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥
3
= ∫ (𝑥 + 2)2 − 2√𝑥 + 2𝑑𝑥
5 3
2 2
= (𝑥 + 2)2 − 2 × (𝑥 + 2)2 + 𝑐 ans.
5 3

(ii)𝐼 = ∫ (7x − 2)√3x + 2𝑑𝑥

put 3x + 2 = 𝑡 2
3dx = 2t𝑑𝑡
2
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑡𝑑𝑡
3
2
𝐼 = ∫ (7x − 2)√𝑡 2 . 𝑡𝑑𝑡
3
2 𝑡 2 −2
= ∫ [7 ( ) − 2] 𝑡. 𝑡𝑑𝑡
3 3
2 (7t2 −14−6)
= ∫ 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
3 3
2
= ∫ 7t 4 − 20t 2 𝑑𝑡
9
2 7t5 20t3
= [ − ]+𝑐
9 5 3
1
replacing t by (3x + 2)2
5 3
2 7 20
...𝐼 = [ (3x + 2)2 − (3x + 2)2 ] + 𝑐 ans.
9 5 3

2x+3
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−12 )
put 𝑥 − 1 = 𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
2x+3
...𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
2(𝑡+1)+3
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
2t+5
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡2
2 5
= ∫ + 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 𝑡2
5
= 2log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ − + 𝑐
𝑡
5
𝐼 = 2log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − +𝑐 ans.
𝑥−1

Q.8) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+𝑎+√𝑥+𝑏

Sol.8) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+𝑎+√𝑥+𝑏
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Rationalize
√𝑥 + 𝑎 − √𝑥 + 𝑏
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 𝑎) − (𝑥 + 𝑏)
√𝑥+𝑎−√𝑥+𝑏
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎−𝑏
1
= ∫ √𝑥 + 𝑎 − √𝑥 + 𝑏𝑑𝑥
𝑎−𝑏
3 3
1 2 2
= [ (𝑥 + 𝑎)2 − (𝑥 + 𝑏)2 ] + 𝑐 ans.
𝑎−𝑏 3 3
1
Q.9) (𝑥 4 −𝑥)4 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥5
𝑥 2 (𝑥 4 +1)4
1
Sol.9) (𝑥 4 −𝑥)4
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥5
4
take 𝑥 common
1
𝑥
𝑥(1− 4 )4
𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥5
1
1
(1− 3 )4
𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥4
1
put 1 − =𝑡
𝑥3
3 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ =
𝑥4 𝑥4 3
1
1
. .𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
. 4
3
1 4 5
= . 𝑡4 + 𝑐
3 5
5
4 1 4
= 𝐼= (1 − ) +𝑐 ans.
15 𝑥3

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 (𝑥 4 +1)4
take x4 common
1
= ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥 2 .𝑥 3 (1+ 4 )4
𝑥
1
= ∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
1
𝑥 5 (1+ 4 )4
𝑥
1+1
Put =𝑡
𝑥4
−4 𝑑𝑥 −𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 ⇒ =
𝑥5 𝑥5 5
−1 1
. .𝐼 =
.
∫ 3 𝑑𝑡
5
𝑡4
−3
−1
= ∫ 𝑡 4 𝑑𝑡
5
1
−1
= (𝑡 4 × 4) + 𝑐
5
1
−4 1 4
= (1 + ) +𝑐 ans.
5 𝑥4
Q.10) 1 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥√𝑎𝑥−𝑥 2 𝑥(𝑥 𝑛 +1)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Sol.10) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑥√𝑎𝑥−𝑥 2
2
take x common
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎
𝑥.𝑥√ −1
𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑎
𝑥 2 √ −1
𝑥
𝑎
put −1=𝑡
𝑥
−𝑎 1 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 2 𝑑𝑥 = −
𝑥2 𝑥 𝑎
−1 𝑑𝑡
𝐼= ∫
𝑎 √𝑡
−1
= × 2√𝑡 + 𝑐
𝑎
−2 𝑎
= 𝐼= √𝑥 − 1 + 𝑐 ans.
𝑎

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥(𝑥 𝑛 +1)
n
take x common
1
= ∫ 1 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 𝑛+1 (1+𝑥𝑛 )
1+1
put =𝑡
𝑥𝑛
−𝑛
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑥 𝑛+1
1 𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = −
𝑥 𝑛+1 𝑛
−1 1
. .𝐼 =
.
∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑛 𝑡
−1
= log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ +𝑐
𝑛
−1 1
= log ∣∣1 + 𝑛 ∣∣ + 𝑐 ans.
𝑛 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Integration (Indefinite integral)

Q.1) 𝑥2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎+𝑏𝑥)2

Sol.1) 𝑥2
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥)2
put 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑏𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑏
1 𝑥2
. .𝐼 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑡
.
𝑏 𝑡
𝑎 2
1 (𝑡− )
𝑏
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑏 𝑡2
1 1 𝑡 2 +𝑎2 −2at
= . ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑏 𝑏2 𝑡2
Separate
1 𝑎2 2a
= ∫1+ − 𝑑𝑡
𝑏3 𝑡2 𝑡
1 𝑎2
= [𝑡 − − 2𝑎log ∣ 𝑡 ∣] + 𝑐
𝑏3 𝑡
1 𝑎2
= [(𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥) − − 2a log ∣ 𝑎 + 𝑏𝑥 ∣] + 𝑐 ans.
𝑏3 𝑎+𝑏𝑥

→ Type: When degree of Numerator ≥ degree of Denominator then

divide and write ∫ 𝑁𝑏 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝜃 + 𝑅𝑏 𝑑𝑥
Q.2) 𝑥7 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1 𝑥 1⁄2 +𝑥 1⁄3
Sol.2) 𝑥7
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1
clearly degree of Nr > degree of Dr (then divide)
𝑅
...𝐼 = ∫ 𝜃 + 𝑑𝑡
𝐷
1
= ∫ (𝑥 6 − 𝑥 5 + 𝑥 4 − 𝑥 3 + 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 + 1) − 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1
𝑥7 𝑥6 𝑥5 𝑥4 𝑥3 𝑥2
= ∫ − + − + − +𝑥
6 5 7 4 3 2
= −log ∣ 𝑥 + 1 ∣ +𝑐 ans.

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 1⁄2 +𝑥 1⁄3
6
put 𝑥 = 𝑡 …....{L.C.M of 2 & 3 = 6}
𝑑𝑥 = 6t 5 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 5 𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = 6∫
𝑡 3 +𝑡 2
𝑡5
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 2 (𝑡+1)
𝑡3
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡+1
Degree of N > degree of D (then divide)
1
= ∫ (𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 1) − 𝑑𝑡
𝑡+1
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑡3 𝑡2
𝐼= − + 𝑡 − log ∣ 𝑡 + 1 ∣ +𝑐
3 2
replacing 𝑡by 𝑥 1⁄6
𝑥 1⁄2 𝑥 1⁄3
...𝐼 = − + 𝑥 1⁄6 − log ∣ 𝑥 1⁄6 + 1 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
3 2
Q.3) 𝑒 2x −1 √tan𝑥 2𝑥 𝑥
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (iii)𝐼 = ∫ 22 . 22 . 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2x +1 sin𝑥.cos𝑥
Sol.3) 𝑒 2x −1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2x +1
x
take e common in N and D
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 −𝑥 )
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑒 𝑥 +𝑒 −𝑥 )
𝑥 −𝑥
put 𝑒 + 𝑒 = 𝑡
. . (𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
.

𝑑𝑡
... 𝐼 = ∫
𝑡
= log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ +𝑐
𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.

√tan𝑥
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥.cos𝑥
Divide N and D by cos 2 𝑥
√tan𝑥
2
𝐼 = ∫ cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
sin𝑥. cos𝑥
cos2 𝑥
√tan𝑥.𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
= ∫
tan𝑥
put tan 𝑥 = 𝑡
... 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
√𝑡
... 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√𝑡
𝐼 = 2√𝑡 + 𝑐
𝐼 = 2√tan𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.

2𝑥 𝑥
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 22 . 22 . 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2𝑥
put 22 =𝑡
𝑥
22 𝑥
...2 . log2. 22 . log2. 2𝑥 . log2𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
2𝑥 𝑥
⇒22 . 22 . 2𝑥 . (log)3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
2𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑡
⇒22 . 22 . 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
(log2)3
1
...𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
(log2)3
1
= 𝑡+𝑐
(log2)3
1 𝑥
22
𝐼= . 2 . +𝑐 ans.
(log2)3

Q.4) 𝑥5 −1 𝑥 𝑥 2 +1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 5𝑥+tan .( ) 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥 3 𝑥 2 +1
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑒 √𝑥 .cos(𝑒 √𝑥 ) (𝑥+1)𝑒 𝑥
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (iv)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥 sin2 (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 )

Sol.4) 𝑥5
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥 3
𝑥 3 .𝑥 2
∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥 3
put 1 + 𝑥 = 𝑡
3x 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 =
3
1 𝑥3
. .𝐼 = ∫
.
𝑑𝑡
3 √𝑡
1 (𝑡−1)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
3 √𝑡
Separate
1 1
= ∫ √𝑡 − 𝑑𝑡
3 √𝑡
1 2 3⁄2
= [ 𝑡 − 2√𝑡] + 𝑐
3 3
1 2
= [ (1 + 𝑥 3 )3⁄2 − 2√(1 + 𝑥 3 )] + 𝑐 ans.
3 3

−1 𝑥 𝑥 2 +1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 5𝑥+tan . ( 2 ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 +1
−1
Hint : put 𝑥 + tan 𝑥 = 𝑡
1
1+ 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
1+𝑥
5𝑥+tan−1𝑥
+𝑐 ans.
log5

𝑒 √𝑥 .cos(𝑒 √𝑥 )
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
put 𝑒 √𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑒 √𝑥
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
2√𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑒 √𝑥 = 2𝑑𝑡
√𝑥
... 𝐼 = 2∫ cos𝑡𝑑𝑡
= 2sin𝑡 + 𝑐
= 2sin(𝑒 √𝑥 ) + 𝑐 ans.

(𝑥+1)𝑒 𝑥
(iv)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 )
put 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑡
(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑡sin 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡
= −cot𝑡 + 𝑐
= −cot(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑐 ans.
Q.5) 1 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+tan𝑥 1+cot𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Sol.5) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+tan𝑥
1
= ∫ sin𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1+cos𝑥
cos𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos𝑥+sin𝑥
1 2cos𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 cos𝑥+sin𝑥
1 cos𝑥+cos𝑥+sin𝑥−sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 cos𝑥+sin𝑥
1 (cos𝑥+sin𝑥)+(cos𝑥−sin𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 cos𝑥+sin𝑥
Separate
1 cos𝑥−sin𝑥
= ∫1+ 𝑑𝑥
2 cos𝑥+sin𝑥
1 1 cos𝑥−sin𝑥
= ∫ 1. 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 2 cos𝑥+sin𝑥
put cos𝑥 + sin𝑥 = 𝑡
(−sin + cos𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
1 1 𝑑𝑡
= + ∫
𝑥 2 𝑡
1 1
𝐼 = 𝑥 + log ∣ cos𝑥 + sin𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
2 2

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+cot𝑥
1
= ∫ cos𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1+ sin𝑥
sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥+cos𝑥
1 2sin𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 sin𝑥+cos𝑥
1 sin𝑥+sin𝑥+cos𝑥−cos𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 sin𝑥+cos𝑥
1 (sin𝑥+cos𝑥) (sin𝑥−cos𝑥)
= ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
2 sin𝑥+cos𝑥 sin𝑥+cos𝑥
1 sin𝑥−cos𝑥
= ∫1+ 𝑑𝑥
2 sin𝑥+cos𝑥
1 1 sin𝑥−cos𝑥
= 𝑥+ ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2
2 sin𝑥+cos𝑥
put sin𝑥 + cos𝑥 = 𝑡
(cos𝑥 − sin𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
1 1 𝑑𝑡
𝐼= 𝑥+ ∫
2 2 𝑡
1 1
= 𝑥 + log ∣ sin𝑥 + cos𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
2 2

Q.6) 𝑒 5log𝑥 −𝑒 4log𝑥

(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ (𝑥 4 + 1)−1 . 𝑒 3log𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 log√𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 3log𝑥 −𝑒 3log𝑥
(𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 )
(iv) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥
Sol.6) 𝑒 5log𝑥 −𝑒 4log𝑥
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 3log𝑥 −𝑒 3log𝑥
5 4
𝑒 log𝑥 −𝑒 log𝑥
= ∫ 3 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 log𝑥 −𝑒 log𝑥
𝑥 5 −𝑥 4
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 …...{∵ elog x = x}
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2
𝑥 4 (𝑥−1)
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 (𝑥−1)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥
𝑥3
𝐼= +𝑐 ans.
3

(ii)𝐼 = ∫ (𝑥 4 + 1)−1 . 𝑒 3log𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑒 log𝑥3
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4 +1
𝑥3
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 4 +1
4
put 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
4x 3 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡 ⇒ 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 =
4
1 𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = ∫
4 𝑡
1
= log ∣ 𝑥 4 + 1 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
4

(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 log√𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥
= 2√𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.

(𝑎𝑥 +𝑏𝑥 )
(iv) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥
𝑎2x +𝑏2x +2a𝑥 .𝑏𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥
Separate
𝑎2x 𝑏2x 2𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥
= ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑑𝑥
𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥
𝑎𝑥 𝑏𝑥
= ∫ + + 2𝑑𝑥
𝑏𝑥 𝑎𝑥
𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥
= ∫ ( ) + ( ) + 2𝑑𝑥
𝑏 𝑎
𝑎 𝑥 𝑏 𝑥
( 𝑏) ( 𝑎)
= 𝐼= + + 2x + 𝑐 ans.
log(𝑎⁄𝑏) log(𝑏⁄𝑎)

Q.7) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ (2tan𝑥 − 3cot𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥
1−sin𝑥 sin(2x)
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √ 𝑑𝑥 (iv) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+sin𝑥 𝑎2 sin2 +𝑏2 cos2 𝑥

Sol.7) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ (2tan𝑥 − 3cot𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 4tan2 𝑥 + 9cot 2 𝑥 − 12tan𝑥. cot𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 4(𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) + 9(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1) − 12𝑑𝑥
= 4(tan𝑥 − 𝑥) + 9(−cot𝑥 − 𝑥) − 12x + 𝑐
= 4tan𝑥 − 9cot𝑥 − 25𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥
sin2 𝑥+cos2 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥.cos2 𝑥
Separate:
sin2 𝑥 cos2 𝑥
= ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥cos2 𝑥 sin2 𝑥cos2 𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= 𝐼 = tan𝑥 − cot𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.

1−sin𝑥
(iii) 𝐼 = ∫ tan−1 √ 𝑑𝑥
1+sin𝑥
𝜋
1−cos( 2 −𝑥)
= ∫ tan−1 √ 𝜋 𝑑𝑥
1+cos( +𝑥)
2

𝜋 𝑥
2sin2 ( 4 −2)
−1 √
= ∫ tan 𝜋 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2cos2 ( 4 −2)

𝜋 𝑥
= ∫ tan−1 √tan2 ( − ) 𝑑𝑥
4 2
𝜋 𝑥
= ∫ tan−1 (tan ( − )) 𝑑𝑥
4 2
𝜋 𝑥
= ∫ − 𝑑𝑥
4 2
𝜋𝑥 𝑥2
𝐼= − +𝑐 ans.
4 4

sin(2x)
(iv) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑎2 sin2 𝑥+𝑏2 cos2 𝑥
2 2 2 2
put 𝑎 sin 𝑥 + 𝑏 cos 𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑎2 2sin𝑥cos𝑥 − 𝑏 2 2cos𝑥sin𝑥𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑎2 sin(2x) − 𝑏 2 sin(2x)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
sin(2x)(𝑎2 − 𝑏 2 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
sin(2x)𝑑𝑥 = 2 2
𝑎 −𝑏
1 𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = 2∫
𝑎2 −𝑏 𝑡
1
=
𝑎2 −𝑏 2 log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ +𝑐
1
= 𝐼= log ∣ 𝑎2 sin2 𝑥 + 𝑏 2 cos2 𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
𝑎2 −𝑏2
𝑥
Q.8) log(tan2)
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
(ii) If 𝑓′(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑏, 𝑓(1) = 5and𝑓(2) = 13. Find 𝑓(𝑥)
2
(iii) If𝑓′(𝑥) = 3x 2 − 3 and𝑓(1) = 0. Find 𝑓(𝑥).
𝑥
𝑒 𝑥−1 +𝑒 −1
(iv) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑒
𝑥
Sol.8) log(tan )
2
i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin𝑥
𝑥
put log (tan ) = 𝑡
2
1 2 𝑥 1
𝑥 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
tan 2 2
2
1
𝑥
cos2 ( ) 1
2
⇒ 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
sin( )
2 2
𝑥
cos( )
2
1
⇒ 𝑥 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
2sin(2)cos(2)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1
⇒ 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
sin𝑥
. .𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡𝑑𝑡
.

𝑡2
= +𝑐
2
2
𝑥
(log(tan2))
= +𝑐 ans.
2

(ii) We have, 𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑓′(𝑥)𝑑𝑥

𝑓(𝑥) = ∫ (𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑑𝑥
𝑥2
𝑓(𝑥) = + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐
2
𝑓(1) = 5and𝑓(2) = 13 …..(given)
1
5= +𝑏+𝑐
2
9
= 𝑏 + 𝑐 …..(1)
2
and 13 = 2 + 2b + 𝑐
11 = 2b + 𝑐 …..(2)
solving (1) & (2)
13
𝑏= and𝑐 = −2
2
𝑥2 13
... 𝑓(𝑥) = + 𝑥−2 ans.
2 𝑥

1
(iii) 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + +𝑐 ans.
𝑥2

𝑒 𝑥−1 +𝑒 −1
(iv) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 +𝑥 𝑒
𝑥 𝑒
put 𝑒 + 𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒𝑥 𝑒−1 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑒(𝑒 𝑥−1 + 𝑥 𝑒−1 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
⇒ 𝑒 𝑥−1 + 𝑥 𝑒−1 𝑑𝑥 =
𝑒
1 𝑑𝑡
. .𝐼 = ∫
.
𝑒 𝑡
1
= log ∣ 𝑡 ∣ +𝑐
𝑒
1
𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑒 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
𝑒
Q.9) 1 (𝑥+1)𝑒 𝑥 𝑥5
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+√𝑥 cos2 (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ) √1+𝑥 3

Sol.9) 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+√𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥(√𝑥+1)
put √𝑥 + 1 = 𝑡
1
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
2√𝑥
1
𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑑𝑡
√𝑥
𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = 2∫
𝑡
= 2log ∣ √𝑥 + 1 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
(𝑥+1)𝑒 𝑥
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
cos2 (𝑥𝑒 𝑥 )
put 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 = 𝑡
(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑒 𝑥 (𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = ∫ 2 cos 𝑡
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑡𝑑𝑡
= tan𝑡 + 𝑐
= tan(𝑥𝑒 𝑥 ) + 𝑐 ans.

𝑥5
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√1+𝑥 3
𝑥 3 .𝑥 2
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
√1+𝑥 3
put 1 + 𝑥 = 𝑡 2 3
….(1)
3x 2 𝑑𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑑𝑡
2t
𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
3
2 𝑥 3 .𝑡
. .𝐼 = ∫
.
𝑑𝑡
3 𝑡
2 2
= ∫ (𝑡 − 1)𝑑𝑡 …...(from (1))
3
2 𝑡3
= ( − 𝑡) + 𝑐
3 3
2 (1+𝑥 3 )3⁄2
𝐼= [ − (1 + 𝑥 3 )1⁄2 ] + 𝑐 ans.
3 3
Q.10) 1 1 1
(i) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
16−9x2 √16−9x2 4+9𝑥 2
1 1
(iv)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (v) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√4+9x2 9x2 −4
Sol.10) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ 1
𝑑𝑥
16−9x2
1 1
= ∫ 4 2
𝑑𝑥
9 ( ) −𝑥 2
3
4
1 1 ∣3+𝑥∣ 1 1
= × 2×4 log ∣4 ∣+𝑐 …...∫ 𝑑𝑥 = log
9 ∣3−𝑥∣ 𝑎2 𝑥 2 2a
3
1 4+3x∣
= log ∣∣ ∣+𝑐 ans.
24 4−3x

1
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√16−9x2
1 1
= ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
3
√(4) −𝑥 2
3

1 𝑥 1 𝑥
= sin−1 ( 4 ) + 𝑐 …......∫ 𝑑𝑥 = sin−1 ( ) + 𝑐
3 √𝑎2 −𝑥 2 𝑎
3
1 3x
= sin−1 ( ) +𝑐 ans.
3 4

1
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
4+9𝑥 2
1 1
= ∫ 2 2
𝑑𝑥
9 (3) +𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1 1 𝑥
= × 2 tan−1 ( 2 ) + 𝑐
9
3 3
1 3x
= tan−1 ( ) +𝑐 ans.
6 2

1
(iv)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√4+9x2
1 1
= ∫ 2
𝑑𝑥
3
√(2) +𝑥 2
3

1 ∣ 2 2 ∣
= log ∣∣𝑥 + √( ) + 𝑥 2 ∣∣ + 𝑐 ans.
3 ∣ 3 ∣
1
(v) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
9x2 −4
1 1
= ∫ 2 2
𝑑𝑥
9 𝑥 2 −(3)
2
1 1 ∣𝑥− ∣
= × 2×2 log ∣ 32∣ + 𝑐
9
3
∣𝑥+3∣
1 3x−2
= log ∣∣ ∣+𝑐
∣ ans.
12 3x+2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Integration (Indefinite Integrals)

Q.1) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (ii) 𝐼 = ∫tan2 (2x)𝑑𝑥

(iii) 𝐼 = ∫cot2 (3x)𝑑𝑥 (iv)𝐼 = ∫ cos 2 (4x)𝑑𝑥
Sol.1) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 1 − cos(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2
1 sin(2𝑥))
= [𝑥 − ]+𝑐 ans.
2 2

(ii) 𝐼 = ∫ tan2 (2x)𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (2x) − 1𝑑𝑥
tan(2x)
= −𝑥+𝑐 ans.
2

(iii) 𝐼 = ∫ cot 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥

= ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x) − 1𝑑𝑥
−1
= cot(3x) − 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
3

(iv) 𝐼 = ∫ cos2 (4x)𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ 1 + cos(8x)𝑑𝑥
2
1 sin(8x)
= [𝑥 + ]+𝑐 ans.
2 8

Q.2) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ cos 3 (2x)𝑑𝑥

Sol.2) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
= ∫ 3sin𝑥 − sin(3x)𝑑𝑥
4
1 cos(3x)
= [−3cos𝑥 + ]+𝑐 ans.
4 3

(ii)𝐼 = ∫ cos 3 (2x)𝑑𝑥

1
= ∫ 3cos(2x) + cos(6x)𝑑𝑥
4
1 3 1
= [ sin(2x) + sin(6x)] + 𝑐 ans.
4 2 6

Q.3) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ tan3 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ cot 3 (3x)𝑑𝑥

Sol.3) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ tan3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan𝑥. tan2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan𝑥. (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − tan𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan 𝑥 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
put tan 𝑥 = 𝑡 in (I)...
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
sec 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
... 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − log ∣ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 ∣
𝑡2
= − log ∣ 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 ∣ +𝑐
2
Replacing t by tan 𝑥
1
𝐼 = tan2 𝑥 − log ∣ sec 𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
2

(ii)𝐼 = ∫ cot 3 (3x)𝑑𝑥

= ∫ cot(3x). cot 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cot(3x)(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x) − 1)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cot(3x). 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x) − cot(3x)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cot(3x). 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥 − ∫ cot(3x)𝑑𝑥
put cot(3x) = t in (I)
. . –cosec2(3x) . 3 dx = dt
.

−𝑑𝑡
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥 =
3
1 1
. . 𝐼 = − ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − log∣∣sin(3x)∣∣
.
3 3
−1 2 1
= 𝑡 − log ∣ sin(3x) ∣ +𝑐
6 3
Replacing t
1 1
𝐼 = − cot 2 (3x) − log ∣ sin(3x) ∣ +𝑐 ans.
6 3

Q.4 ) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ cos 4 (2x)𝑑𝑥

Sol.4) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin4 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (sin2 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
1−cos(2x) 2
= ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 1 + cos2 (2x) − 2cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
4
1 1+cos(4x)
= ∫1+ − 2cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
4 2
1
= ∫ 2 + 1 + cos(4x) − 4cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
8
1
= ∫ 3 + cos(4x) − 4cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
8
1 sin(4x)
𝐼 = [3x + − 2sin(2x)] + 𝑐 ans.
8 4
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ cos 4 (2x)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (cos 2 (2x))2 𝑑𝑥
1+cos(4x) 2
= ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 1 + cos2 (4x) + 2cos(4x)𝑑𝑥
4
1 1+cos(8x)
= ∫1+ + 2cos(4x)𝑑𝑥
4 2
1
= ∫ 3 + cos(8x) + 4cos(4x)𝑑𝑥
8
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1 sin(8x) 4
= 𝐼 = [3x + + sin(4x)] + 𝑐 ans.
8 8 4

Q.5) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ tan4 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ cot 4 (3x)𝑑𝑥

Sol.5) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ tan4 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan2 𝑥. tan2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan2 𝑥. (𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan2 𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ tan2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ tan2 𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 − 1𝑑𝑥
put tan x = t
. . sec2 x dx = dt
.

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡 − (tan𝑥 − 𝑥)
𝑡3
= − tan𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐
3
1
𝐼 = tan3 𝑥 − tan𝑥 + 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
3
(ii)𝐼 = ∫ cot 4 (3x)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cot 2 (3x). cot 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cot 2 (3x). (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x) − 1)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cot 2 (3x). 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥 − ∫ cot 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥
put cot(3x) = t
–3 cosec2(3x) dx = dt
𝑑𝑡
... 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x)𝑑𝑥 = −
3
−1
𝐼= ∫ 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 (3x) − 1𝑑𝑥
2
3
−1 𝑡 3 cot(3x)
= . −( − 𝑥) + 𝑐
3 3 3
−1 cot(3x)
𝐼= cot 2 (3x) − +𝑥+𝑐 ans.
9 3

Q.6) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Sol.6) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (1 + tan2 𝑥)𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫ tan2 𝑥. 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
put tan 𝑥 = 𝑡
.
. . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
= tan 𝑥 + ∫ 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑡3
= tan 𝑥 + +𝑐
3
tan3
= 𝐼 = tan 𝑥 + +𝑐 ans.
3

→ Sin x and Cos x in multiplication with same power :-

Q.7) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin2 𝑥. cos 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (ii) 𝐼 = ∫ sin4 . cos 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Sol.7) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin2 𝑥. cos 2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (sin 𝑥 . cos 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
sin(2x) 2
= ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1 2
= ∫ sin (2x)𝑑𝑥
4
1 ∫ 1−cos(4x)
= 𝑑𝑥
4 2
1
= ∫ 1 − cos(4x)𝑑𝑥
8
1 sin(4x)
= 𝐼 = [𝑥 − ]+𝑐 ans.
8 4

(ii)𝐼 = ∫ sin4 . cos 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫ (sin 𝑥 . cos𝑥)4 𝑑𝑥
sin(2x) 4
= ∫ ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ sin4 (2x)𝑑𝑥
16
1
= ∫ (sin2 (2x))2 𝑑𝑥
16
1 1−cos(4x) 2
= ∫( ) 𝑑𝑥
16 2
1
= ∫ 1 + cos2 (4x) − 2cos(4x)𝑑𝑥
64
1 1+cos(8x)
= ∫1+ − 2cos(4x)𝑑𝑥
64 2
1
= ∫ 3 + cos(8x) − 4cos(4x)𝑑𝑥
128
1 sin(8x)
= 𝐼= [3x + − sin(4x)] + 𝑐 ans.
128 8

→ Sin x and Cos x in multiplication with different power :-

Q.8) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin3 𝑥. cos 4 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Sol.8) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin3 𝑥. cos 4 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ sin2 𝑥. cos 4 𝑥. sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (1 − cos 2 𝑥). cos 4 𝑥. sin 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
put cos x = t
... – 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = – 𝑑𝑡
𝐼 = −∫ (1 − 𝑡 2 )𝑡 4 𝑑𝑡
= −∫ 𝑡 4 − 𝑡 6 𝑑𝑡
𝑡5 𝑡7
= −[ − ]+𝑐
5 7
cos5 𝑥 cos7 𝑥
𝐼 = −[ − ]+𝑐 ans.
5 7

Q.9) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin3 𝑥. cos 5 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (ii)𝐼 = ∫ sin5 𝑥𝑑𝑥 (iii)𝐼 = ∫ cos 7 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Sol.9) (i) 𝐼 = ∫ sin3 𝑥. cos 5 𝑥𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
= ∫ sin2 𝑥. cos 5 𝑥. sin𝑥𝑑𝑥
put 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = – 𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = −∫ (1 − 𝑡 2 )𝑡 5 𝑑𝑡
= −∫ 𝑡 5 − 𝑡 7 𝑑𝑡
−𝑡 6 𝑡8
= + +𝑐
6 8
−cos6 𝑥 cos8 𝑥
= + +𝑐 ans.
6 8

(ii)𝐼 = ∫ sin5 𝑥𝑑𝑥

= ∫ sin4 𝑥. sin𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (1 − cos 2 𝑥)2 . sin𝑥𝑑𝑥
put cos x = t
𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =– 𝑑𝑡
...𝐼 = −∫ (1 − 𝑡 2 )2 𝑑𝑡
= −∫ 1 + 𝑡 4 − 2t 2 𝑑𝑡
𝑡5 𝑡3
= − [𝑡 + −2 ]+𝑐
5 3
cos5 𝑥 2cos3 𝑥
𝐼 = − [cos𝑥 + − ]𝑐 ans.
5 3
(iii)𝐼 = ∫ cos 7 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cos 6 𝑥. cos𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (cos 2 𝑥)3 . cos𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (1 − sin2 𝑥)3 cos𝑥𝑑𝑥
put sin x = t
cos x dx = dt
...𝐼 = ∫ (1 − 𝑡 2 )3 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 1 − 𝑡 6 − 3t 2 + 3t 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑡7 3t3 3t5
= 𝑡− − + +𝑐
7 3 5
sin7 𝑥 3
= 𝐼 = sin𝑥 − − sin7 𝑥 + sin5 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
7 5

Q.10) )𝐼 = ∫ cos 7 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Sol.10) 𝐼 = ∫ cos 7 𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ cos 6 𝑥. cos𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (cos 2 𝑥)3 . cos𝑥𝑑𝑥
= ∫ (1 − sin2 𝑥)3 cos𝑥𝑑𝑥
put sin x = t
cos x dx = dt
...𝐼 = ∫ (1 − 𝑡 2 )3 𝑑𝑡
= ∫ 1 − 𝑡 6 − 3t 2 + 3t 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑡7 3t3 3t5
= 𝑡− − + +𝑐
7 3 5
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
sin7 𝑥 3
= 𝐼 = sin𝑥 − − sin7 𝑥 + sin5 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
7 5
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Integration (Indefinite Integrals)
Q.1)
1 − √𝑥
𝐼 = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥
1 + √𝑥
Sol.1)
1 − √𝑥
𝐼 = ∫√ 𝑑𝑥
1 + √𝑥
put 𝑥 = 𝑡 2
𝑑𝑥 = 2 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
1−𝑡
... = 2∫ √ . 𝑡𝑑𝑡
1+𝑡
rationalize
1−𝑡 1−𝑡
= 2∫ √ × . 𝑡𝑑𝑡
1+𝑡 1−𝑡
(1−𝑡)
= 2∫ . 𝑡𝑑𝑡
√1−𝑡 2
𝑡−𝑡 2
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
√1−𝑡 2
𝑡
= 2∫ 𝑑𝑡 − 2∫ 𝑡 2 √1 − 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
√1−𝑡 2
2
put 1 − 𝑡 = 𝑧 in (I)
−2𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑧
𝑑𝑧
𝑡 𝑑𝑡 = −
2
. 2 𝑑𝑧 𝑡2
. .𝐼 = − ∫ + 2∫ − 𝑑𝑡
2 √𝑧 √1−𝑡 2
2
1−𝑡 −1
= −2√𝑧 + 2∫ 𝑑𝑡
√1−𝑡 2
1
= −2√1 − 𝑡 2 + 2∫ √1 − 𝑡 2 − 𝑑𝑡
√1−𝑡 2
𝑡 1
= −2√1 − 𝑡 2 + 2 [ √1 − 𝑡 2 + sin (𝑡) − sin−1 (𝑡)] + 𝑐 −1
2 2
𝑡 1
= −2√1 − 𝑡 2 + 2 [ √1 − 𝑡 2 − sin−1 𝑡] + 𝑐
2 2
= −2√1 − 𝑡 2 + 𝑡√1 − 𝑡 2 − sin−1 𝑡 + 𝑐
replacing t by √𝑥
= 𝐼 = −2√1 − 𝑥 + √𝑥√1 − 𝑥 − sin−1 √𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.
→ Partial Fraction (Total : Types)
Type : 1 all are linear factors (ax + b)
Q.2) 2x−1 𝑥3
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)(𝑥−3) (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)
𝑥2 3+4x−𝑥 2
(c)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (d)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)(𝑥−3) (𝑥+2)(𝑥−1)
Sol.2) 2x−1
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)(𝑥−3)
2x−1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
let = + +
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+2)(𝑥−3) 𝑥−1 𝑥+2 𝑥−3
⇒ 2x − 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − 3) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 3) + 𝐶(𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 + 2)
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
⇒ 2x − 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 6) + 𝐵(𝑥 2 − 4x + 3) + 𝐶(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 − 2)
Comp. the coefficients of 𝑥 2 , 𝑥 and constant term
0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶 ⇒ 𝐶 = –𝐴 – 𝐵
2 = – 𝐴 – 4𝐵 + 𝐶 ⇒ 2 = – 2𝐴 – 5𝐵
– 1 = – 6𝐴 + 3𝐵 – 2𝐶 ⇒ – 1 = – 4𝐴 – 𝐵
solving these two equation we get
−1 −1 1
𝐴= ,𝐵 = and 𝐶 =
6 3 2
. −1 1 1
..𝐼 = ∫ − + 𝑑𝑥
6(𝑥−1) 3(𝑥+2) 2(𝑥−3)
−1 1 1
= log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − log ∣ 𝑥 + 2 ∣ + log ∣ 𝑥 − 3 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
6 3 2

𝑥3
(b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)
Since degree of Nr > degree of Dr we have to divide
7x−6
... 𝐼 = ∫ (𝑥 + 3) + 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)
𝑥2 7x−6
= + 3x + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 (𝑥−1)(𝑥−2)
7x−6 𝐴
let = + 𝐵𝑥 − 2
(𝑥−1)(𝑥−2) 𝑥−1
⇒ 7x − 6 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1)
Comp. the coefficient of 𝑥 and constant term
7 = 𝑎 + 𝑏
– 6 = – 2𝐴 – 𝐵
1 = –𝐴
∴ 𝐵 = 8
𝐴 = – 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐵 = 8
𝑥2 −1 8
... 𝐼 = + 3x + ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥−1 𝑥−2
𝑥2
𝐼= + 3x − log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ +8log ∣ 𝑥 − 2 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
2
𝑥
Q.3) 𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥 2 +2)
Sol.3) 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2
+ 1)(𝑥 2 + 2)
put 𝑥 2 = 𝑡
𝑡
𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
2
1 𝑑𝑡
... 𝐼 = ∫
2 (𝑡+1)(𝑡+2)
1 𝐴 𝐵
let = +
(𝑡+1)(𝑡+2) 𝑡+1 𝑡+2
Proceed Yourself
1
[log ∣ 𝑥 2 + 1 ∣ −log ∣ 𝑥 2 + 2 ∣] + 𝑐 ans.
2
Q.4) 1
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥−sin(2x)
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Sol.4) 1
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥−sin(2x)
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin 𝑥(1−2cos𝑥)
multiply and divide by 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥
sin 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
sin2 𝑥(1−2 cos 𝑥)
sin 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1−sin2 𝑥)(1−cos 𝑥)
sin 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1−cos2 𝑥)(1−2 cos 𝑥)
sin 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1−cos 𝑥)(1+cos 𝑥)(1−2 cos 𝑥)
put 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 = 𝑡
∴ 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = – 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑡
... 𝐼 = −∫
(1−𝑡)(1+𝑡)(1−2t)
1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
let = + +
(1−𝑡)(1+𝑡)(1−2t) 1−𝑡 1+𝑡 1−2t
⇒ 1 = 𝐴(1 + 𝑡)(1 − 2t) + 𝐵(1 − 𝑡)(1 − 2t) + 𝐶(1 − 𝑡)(1 + 𝑡)
⇒ 1 = 𝐴(−2𝑡 2 − 𝑡 + 1) + 𝐵(2t 2 − 3t + 1) + 𝐶(1 − 𝑡 2 )
Comp. the coefficient of t 2 , 𝑡 and constant term
0 = – 2𝐴 + 2𝐵 – 𝐶 𝐶 = – 2𝐴 + 2𝐵
0 = – 𝐴 – 3𝐵
1 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 + 𝐶
∴ 1 = – 𝐴 + 3𝐵
0 = – 𝐴 – 3𝐵
1 = – 2𝐴
−1 1 4
... 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = and 𝐶 =
2 6 3
. −1 1 4
. .𝐼 = −∫ + + 𝑑𝑡
2(1−𝑡) 6(1+𝑡) 3(1−2t)
+1 1 4 −1
= [ log ∣ 1 − 𝑡 ∣ + log ∣ 1 + 𝑡 ∣ + log ∣ 1 − 2t ∣. ( )] + 𝑐
2 6 3 2
−1 1 2
= log ∣ 1 − 𝑡 ∣ − log ∣ 1 + 𝑡 ∣ + log ∣ 1 − 2t ∣ +𝑐
2 6 3
replacing 𝑡
−1 1 2
= 𝐼= ∣ 1 − cos𝑥 ∣ − log ∣ 1 + cos𝑥 ∣ + log ∣ 1 − cos𝑥 ∣ +𝑐 ans.
2 6 3
→ Type : 2 Linear and Quadratic Faction
Q.5) 𝑥 1
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 +4) 1+𝑥+𝑥 2 +𝑥 3
𝑥
Sol.5) (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 +4)
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝐶
let = + 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 +4) 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 +4
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 4) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝑐)(𝑥 − 1)
⇒ 𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 4) + (𝐵𝑥 2 − 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 − 𝐶)
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Comp. the coefficient of x2 , x and constant term
0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
1 = –𝐵 + 𝐶
0 = 4𝐴 – 𝐶
Solving these equations,
1 −1 4
we get 𝐴 = . 𝐵 = and 𝐶 =
5 5 5
−1 4
1 5
𝑥+5
... 𝐼 = ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
5(𝑥−1) 𝑥 2 +4
1 1 1 𝑥 4 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
5 𝑥−1 5 𝑥 2 +4 5 𝑥 2 +4
2
put x + 4 = t
𝑑𝑡
... 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
2
1 1 𝑑𝑡 4 1 𝑥
.
. .𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − ∫ + × tan−1 ( ) + 𝑐
5 10 𝑡 5 2 2
1 1 2 2−1 𝑥
𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − log ∣ 𝑥 + 4 ∣ + tan ( ) +𝑐 ans.
5 10 3 2

1
(b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑥+𝑥 2 +𝑥 3
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1+𝑥)+𝑥 2 (1+𝑥)
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1+𝑥)(1+𝑥 2 )
1 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝑐
let = +
(1+𝑥)(1+𝑥 2 ) 1+𝑥 𝑥 2 +1
2
1 = 𝐴 (𝑥 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶)(𝑥 + 1)
1 = 𝐴 (𝑥 2 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶𝑥 + 𝐶)
Comp. the coefficient of x2 , x and constant
0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵 = –𝐴
0 = 𝐵 + 𝐶 ∴ 0 =–𝐴 + 𝐶
1 = 𝐴 + 𝐶 1 = 𝐴 + 𝐶
1 = 2𝐶
1 1 −1
𝐶 = ,𝐴 = and 𝐵 =
2 2 2
−1 1
1 +
2 2
...𝐼 = + 2 𝑑𝑥
2(𝑥+1) 𝑥 +1
1 1 1 𝑥 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥+1 2 𝑥 2 +1 2 𝑥 2 +1
2
put 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑡
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 =
2
1 1 𝑑𝑡 1
= log ∣ 𝑥 + 1 ∣ − ∫ + tan−1 𝑥
2 4 𝑡 2
−1 1 1
𝐼= log ∣ 𝑥 + 1 ∣ − log ∣ 𝑥 + 1 ∣ + tan−1 𝑥 + 𝑐 2
ans.
2 4 2
Q.6) 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1
Sol.6) 𝑥
𝐼=∫ 3 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 −1
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑥
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(1−𝑥)(𝑥 2 +𝑥+1)
𝑥 𝐴 𝐵𝑥+𝑐
let = +
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 +𝑥+1) 𝑥−1 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
2
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 + 𝑐) (𝑥 – 1)
𝑥 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1) + (𝐵𝑥 – 𝐵𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑥 + 𝑐)
Comp. the coefficient of x2 , x and constant term
0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵 = –𝐴
1 = 𝐴 – 𝐵 + 𝐶 ⇒ 1 = 2𝐴 + 𝐶
0 = 𝐴– 𝐶 ⇒ 0 = 𝐴– 𝐶
1 = 3𝐴
1 −1 1
𝐴 = ,𝐵 = and 𝐶 =
3 3 3
−1 1
1 𝑥+
3 3
...𝐼 = ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
3(𝑥−1) 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
1 1 1 𝑥−1 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 {𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒∫ }
3 𝑥−1 3 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐
1 1
= 𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − 𝐼 ….(1)
3 3
𝑥−1
where 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
Proceed Yourself and get I
1 1 1 2x
𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − log ∣ 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 ∣ + tan−1 ( )
3 6 √3 √3
Q.7) tan𝜃+tan3 𝜃
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝜃
1+tan3 𝜃
Sol.7) tan𝜃+tan3 𝜃
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝜃
1+tan3 𝜃
tan𝜃(1+tan2 𝜃)
= ∫ 𝑑𝜃
1+tan3 𝜃
tan𝜃.𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
= ∫ 𝑑𝜃
1+tan3 𝜃
put tan 𝜃 = 𝑡
𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
... 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑡
1+𝑡 3
𝑡
= ∫ 𝑑𝑡
(1+𝑡)(𝑡 2 −𝑡+1)
Proceed as above Qns. :-
−1 1 1 2tan𝜃−1
log ∣ 1 + tan𝜃 ∣ + log ∣ tan2 𝜃 − tan𝜃 + 1 ∣ + tan−1 ( ) ans.
3 6 √3 √3
→ Type : 3 Linear and Linear repeating factors
Q.8) 3x+1 𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 2 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+2)(𝑥+2)(𝑥−2) (𝑥−1)3
Sol.8) 3x+1
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+2)(𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)2
3x+1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
let = + +
(𝑥+2)(𝑥−2)2 𝑥+2 𝑥−2 (𝑥−2)2
2
3x + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 2) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 2)(𝑥 + 2) + 𝑐(𝑥 + 2)
3x + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 − 4x + 4) + 𝐵(𝑥 2 − 4) + 𝐶(𝑥 + 2)
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Comp. the coefficient of x2, x and constant
0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵 ⇒ 𝐵 =–𝐴
3 = – 4𝐴 + 𝐶 ⇒ 3 = – 4𝐴 + 𝑐
1 = 4𝐴 – 4𝐵 + 2𝐶 ⇒ 1 = 8𝐴 + 2𝐶
solving these equations, we get
−5 5 7
𝐴= ,𝐵 = and 𝐶 =
16 16 4
. −5 5 7
..𝐼 = + + 𝑑𝑥
16(𝑥+2) 16(𝑥−2) 4(𝑥−2)2
−5 5 7 1 −1
𝐼= log ∣ 𝑥 + 2 ∣ + log ∣ 𝑥 − 2 ∣ − + 𝑐 ans. …..{Since∫ 𝑑𝑥 = }
16 16 4(𝑥−2) 𝑥2 𝑥

𝑥 2 +𝑥+1
(b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)3
𝑥 2 +𝑥+1 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
let = + +
(𝑥−1)3 𝑥−1 (𝑥−1)2 (𝑥−1)3
𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶 2

𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 − 2x + 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶
Comp. the coefficient of x2 , x and constant
1 = 𝐴
1 = – 2𝐴 + 𝐵
1 = 𝐴– 𝐵 + 𝐶
solving these equation we get 𝐴 = 1 , 𝐵 = 3 , 𝐶 = 3
1 3 3
... 𝐼 = ∫ + + 𝑑𝑥
𝑥−1 (𝑥−1)2 (𝑥−1)3
3
= log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − + 3∫ (𝑥 − 1)−3 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)
3 (𝑥−1)−2
= log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − +3 +𝑐
𝑥−1 −2
3 3
... 𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − − +𝑐 ans.
𝑥−1 2(𝑥−1)2
Q.9) 3x+5
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 −𝑥+1
Sol.9) 3x+5
𝐼=∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 3 −𝑥 2 −𝑥+1
3x+5
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑥 2 (𝑥−1)−1(𝑥−1)
3x+5
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥 2 −1)
3x+5
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−1)(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)
3x+5
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)2
3x+5 𝐴 𝐵 𝐶
let = + +
(𝑥+1)(𝑥−1)2 𝑥+1 𝑥−1 (𝑥−1)2
3x + 5 = 𝐴(𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝐵(𝑥 + 1)(𝑥 − 1) + 𝐶(𝑥 + 1)
3x + 5 = 𝐴(𝑥 2 − 2x + 1) + 𝐵(𝑥 2 − 1) + 𝐶(𝑥 + 1)
0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
3 = – 2𝐴 + 𝐶
5 = 𝐴– 𝐵 + 𝐶
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
1 −1
solving these equation , we get 𝐴 = , 𝐵 = ,𝐶 =
2 2
1 1 4
... 𝐼 = ∫ − + 𝑑𝑥
2(𝑥+1) 2(𝑥−1) (𝑥−1)2
1 1 4
𝐼 = log ∣ 𝑥 + 1 ∣ − log ∣ 𝑥 − 1 ∣ − +𝑐 ans.
2 2 𝑥−1
→ Type : 4 Even Power of x let x2 = y (temp.)
Q.10) (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥2 1
2 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 +1)(𝑥+4) (𝑥 4 −1)
Sol.10) (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑥2
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥 +4 )
let 𝑥 2 = 𝑦
𝑥2 𝑦
... =
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥 2 +4) (𝑦+1)(𝑦+4)
𝑦 𝐴 𝐵
let = +
(𝑦+1)(𝑦+4) 𝑦+1 𝑦+4
𝑦 = 𝐴(𝑦 + 4) + 𝐵(𝑦 + 1)
Comp. coefficient of 𝑦 and constant
1 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
0 = 4𝐴 + 𝐵
1 = – 3𝐴
−1 . 4
𝐴= . .𝐵 =
3 3
−1 4
... 𝐼 = ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
3(𝑥 2 +1) 3(𝑥 2 +4)
−1 1 4 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
3 (𝑥 2 +1) 3 𝑥 2 +(2)2
−1 4 1 −1 𝑥
= tan−1 𝑥 + × tan ( )+𝑐 ans.
3 3 2 2

1
(b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 4 −1)
1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥 2 −1)
let 𝑥 2 = 𝑦
1 1
... =
(𝑥 2 +1)(𝑥 2 −1) (𝑦+1)(𝑦−1)
1 𝐴 𝐵
let = +
(𝑦+1)(𝑦−1) 𝑦+1 𝑦−1
1 = 𝐴(𝑦 − 1) + 𝐵(𝑦 + 1)
Comp.
0 = 𝐴 + 𝐵
1 = –𝐴 + 𝐵
1 = 2𝐵
1 −1
... 𝐵 = and 𝐴 =
2 2
. −1 1
..𝐼 = ∫ + 𝑑𝑥
2(𝑥 2 +1) 2(𝑥 2 −1)
−1 1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑑𝑥
2 𝑥 2 +1 2 𝑥 2 −1
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
−1 1 1 𝑥−1∣
= tan−1 𝑥 + × log ∣∣ +𝑐
2 2 2×1 𝑥+1∣
−1 1 ∣𝑥−1∣
= tan−1 𝑥 + log ∣ ∣ + 𝑐 ans.
2 4 𝑥+1
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Integration (Indefinite Integrals)

→ Type: (.) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥
I repeats of the two types by Parts
Q.1) (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 2x . cos(3𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 . sin(𝑑𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥
Sol.1) (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 2x . cos(3x)𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2x 𝑒 2x
= cos(3x). − ∫ (−3sin(3x)). 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑒 2x 3
= . cos(3x) + ∫ sin(3x). 𝑒 2x 𝑑𝑥
2 2
𝑒 2x 3 𝑒 2x 𝑒 2x
= . cos(3x) + [sin(3x). − ∫ 3cos(3x). 𝑑𝑥]
2 2 2 2
2x
𝑒 3 𝑒 2x 3
𝐼= . cos(3x) + [ . sin3x − 𝐼]
2 2 2 2
𝑒 2x 3 9
𝐼= . cos(3x) + 𝑒 2x . sin(3x) − 𝐼
2 4 4
2x
9 𝑒
𝐼+ 𝐼= [2cos(3x) + 3sin(3x)]
4 4
13𝐼 𝑒 2x
= [2cos(3x) + 3sin(3x)] + 𝑐
4 4
𝑒 2x
... 𝐼 = [2cos(3x) + 3sin(3x)] + 𝑐 ans.
13

(b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 . sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥

𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
= sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐). − ∫ 𝑏cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐). 𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
= sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 . cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥
𝑎 𝑎
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
= . sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − [cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐). − ∫ (−𝑏sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)). 𝑑𝑥]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
= . sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − [ . cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 . sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)𝑑𝑥]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝑏
= . sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − [ cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) + 𝐼]
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑎𝑥
𝑒 𝑏 𝑏2
𝐼= . sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 . cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 2 𝐼
𝑎 𝑎 𝑎
𝑏2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝐼 + 2 𝐼 = 2 [𝑎 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 𝑏 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)] + 𝑐
𝑎 𝑎
𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 𝑒 𝑎𝑥
𝐼( ) = [𝑎 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 𝑏cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)] + 𝑐
𝑎2 𝑎2
𝑒 𝑎𝑥
... 𝐼 = [𝑎 sin(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐) − 𝑏 cos(𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐)] + 𝑐 ans.
𝑎2 +𝑏2

Q.2) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . cos2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
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MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Sol.2) 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . cos2 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1+cos(2x)
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥. { } 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 . cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
𝑥
2
1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . cos(2x)𝑑𝑥
2 2
1 1
𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐼1
2 2
𝑥
where𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 . cos(2𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= cos(2x). 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ − 2sin(2x). 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑥 . cos(2x) + 2∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . sin(2x)𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑥 . cos(2x) + 2[𝑒 𝑥 . sin(2x) − 2∫ cos(2x). 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥]
𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 cos(2x) + 2𝑒 𝑥 sin(2x) − 4𝐼1
5𝐼1 = 𝑒 𝑥 [cos(2x) + 2sin(2x)]
𝑒𝑥
𝐼1 = [cos(2x) + 2sin(2x)] + 𝑐
5
1 1 𝑒𝑥
...𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 + [ . (cos(2x) + 2sin(2x))] + 𝑐 ans.
2 2 5

→ Type: 𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑓′(𝑥))𝑑𝑥

𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑓′(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
=𝑓(𝑥). 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑓′(𝑥). 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑓′(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
𝐼 = 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑓(𝑥) + 𝑐
Q.3) 2+sin(2x) 1−sin𝑥
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+cos(2x) 1−cos𝑥
2x 1+sin(2x)
(c)𝐼 = ∫𝑒 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+cos(2x)

Sol.3) 2+sin(2x)
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+cos(2x)
𝑥 2+2 sin 𝑥.cos 𝑥
= ∫𝑒 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
2cos2 𝑥
𝑥 2 2 sin 𝑥.cos 𝑥
= ∫𝑒 [ + ] 𝑑𝑥
2cos2 𝑥 2cos2 𝑥
2
(𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + tan 𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑓′(𝑥)𝑓(𝑥)
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= tan 𝑥 . 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥. 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑥 . tan 𝑥 + 𝑐 ans.

1−sin 𝑥
(b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1−cos 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1−2sin2.cos2
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 [ 𝑥 ] 𝑑𝑥
2sin2 2
Dr.S.JACKSON
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𝑥 𝑥
1 2sin .cos
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 [ 2𝑥
− 2
𝑥
2
] 𝑑𝑥
2sin 2 2sin2 2
1 𝑥 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 ( ) − 𝑐𝑜𝑡 ( )
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [2 2 2 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑓′(𝑥)𝑓(𝑥)
𝑥 1 𝑥
= −∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . cot 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
𝑥 1 2𝑥 1 𝑥
= − [cot . 𝑒 𝑥 − ∫ − 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 . 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥] + ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥
= −𝑒 cot − ∫ 𝑒 . 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫𝑒 𝑥
. 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2 2
𝑥 𝑥
= 𝐼 = −𝑒 . cot + 𝑐 ans.
3

1+sin(2x)
(c)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 2x ( ) 𝑑𝑥
1+cos(2x)
1+2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 2x ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2cos2 𝑥
2x 1 2
= ∫ 𝑒 . ( 𝑠𝑒𝑐 𝑥 + tan 𝑥) 𝑑𝑥
2
1
= ∫ 𝑒 . tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 2x . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2x
2
𝑒 2x 𝑒 2x 1
= tan 𝑥 . − ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 2x . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
1 2x
𝐼= 𝑒 . tan 𝑥 +𝑐 ans.
2

Q.4) 𝑥 𝑥−4
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (𝑥−2)3
𝑥
Sol.4) (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑥+1−1
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 [ ] 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
1 1
𝑥 𝑥+1
−
= ∫𝑒 [ (𝑥+1)2 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)𝑓′(𝑥)
1 1
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥. 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2
1 1 1
= . 𝑒𝑥 + ∫ . 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ . 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2 (𝑥+1)2
𝑥 1
𝐼=𝑒 . +𝑐 ans.
𝑥+1

𝑥−4
(b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−2)3
𝑥−4
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 ( ) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−2)3
1 2
−
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 [(𝑥−2)2 (𝑥−2)3 ] 𝑑𝑥
𝑓(𝑥)𝑓′(𝑥)
Proceed Yourself
1
𝑒𝑥. +𝑐 ans.
(𝑥−2)2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Q.5) 𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝐼 = ∫𝑒 . 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)2
Sol.5) 𝑥
(𝑥 2 + 1)
𝐼 = ∫𝑒 . 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 + 1)2
𝑥 2 +1+2x−2x
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥. [ ] 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑥 2 +1+2x 2x
= ∫ 𝑒𝑥 ( − ) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2 (𝑥+1)2
2x
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 (1 − ) 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − 2∫ 𝑒 . 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
𝑥+1−1
= 𝑒 𝑥 − 2∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . [ ] 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥+1)2
1 1
= 𝑒 𝑥 − 2∫ 𝑒 𝑥 ( − ) 𝑑𝑥
𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2
𝑥 1 1
= 𝑒 𝑥 − 2 [∫ 𝑒 . 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥]
𝑥+1 (𝑥+1)2
1 1 1
= 𝑒𝑥 − 2 [ . 𝑒𝑥 + ∫ . 𝑒 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 . 𝑑𝑥]
(𝑥+1) (𝑥+1)2 (𝑥+1)2
𝑒𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑥 − 2. +𝑐
𝑥+1
2
= 𝑒 𝑥 (1 − )+𝑐
(𝑥+1)
𝑥−1
= 𝑒𝑥 ( )+𝑐 ans.
𝑥+1

Q6) log 𝑥 1
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ log(log 𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥
(log 𝑥+1)2 (log 𝑥)2

Sol.6) log 𝑥
(a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
(log 𝑥+1)2
put log 𝑥 = 𝑡
𝑥 = 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
...𝐼 = ∫ . 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
(𝑡+1)2
𝑡 𝑡+1−1
= ∫𝑒 [ ] 𝑑𝑡
(𝑡+1)2
1 1
= ∫ 𝑒𝑡 [ − ] 𝑑𝑡
𝑡+1 (𝑡+1)2
𝑡 1
= 𝑒 . +𝑐
𝑡+1
replacing 𝑡
1
= 𝑥. +𝑐 ans.
log 𝑥+1

1
(b)𝐼 = ∫ log(log 𝑥) + 𝑑𝑥
(log𝑥)2
put log 𝑥 = 𝑡
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
𝑥 = 𝑒𝑡
𝑑𝑥 = 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
1
... 𝐼 = ∫ (log 𝑡 + 2) . 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑡
adjustment
1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 [log 𝑡 + − + 2] 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
1 1 1
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 (log 𝑡 + ) 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 ( − 2) 𝑑𝑡
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡
1 1 1
= [∫ 𝑒 𝑡 log 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡] − [∫ 𝑒 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡]
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡2
1 1 1 1 1
= [log 𝑡 . 𝑒 𝑡 − ∫ . 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡] − [ . 𝑒 𝑡 + ∫ . 𝑒 𝑡 𝑑𝑡 − ∫ 𝑒 𝑡 . 𝑑𝑡]
𝑡 𝑡 𝑡 𝑡2 𝑡2
1
= log 𝑡 . 𝑒 𝑡 − . 𝑒 + 𝑐 𝑡
𝑡
1
= 𝑒 𝑡 (log 𝑡 − ) + 𝑐
𝑡
1
𝐼 = 𝑥 (log(log 𝑥) − )+𝑐 ans.
log 𝑥
−𝑥
Q.7). (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 2
√1−sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 2x (− sin 𝑥 + 2 cos 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1+cos 𝑥

−𝑥
Sol.7) (a)𝐼 = ∫ 𝑒 2
√1−sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
1+cos 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
−𝑥 √sin2 +cos2 −2sin .cos
2 2 2 2
= ∫𝑒 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
2cos2 (2)
2
−𝑥 √(sin𝑥−cos𝑥)
2 2
= ∫𝑒 2 𝑥
2cos2 2
−𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
(sin2−cos2)
= ∫𝑒 2
𝑥 𝑑𝑡
2cos2 ( )
2
−𝑥
1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 2 [ tan . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 − 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( )] 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 2 2
−𝑥 −𝑥
−1 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥
= ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐 . tan 𝑑𝑥
2 2
2 2 2 2 2
−𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
−1 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 1 1 𝑥 𝑥
= 2
[𝑠𝑒𝑐 . 𝑒 (−2) − ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) . tan . ( ) . 𝑒 2 (−2)𝑑𝑥] + ∫ 𝑒 2 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 tan 𝑑𝑥
2
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
−𝑥 −𝑥 −𝑥
𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥 1 𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑒 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 − ∫ 𝑒 . 𝑠𝑒𝑐 tan 𝑑𝑥 + ∫ 𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐 tan 𝑑𝑥
2 2 2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
−𝑥
𝑥
= 𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐 ( ) + 𝑐
2 ans.
2

→ Type: ∫ √𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐and∫ 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟√𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐

Perfect Square. Use Long Formula
Q.8) (a)𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥 (b)𝐼 = ∫ √2x 2 + 3x + 4 𝑑𝑥
(c)𝐼 = ∫ √3 − 2x − 2x 2 𝑑𝑥
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
Sol.8) (a)𝐼 = ∫ √(𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥)𝑑𝑥
= ∫ √5x − 𝑥 2 − 15 + 3x𝑑𝑥
= ∫ √−𝑥 2 + 8x − 15𝑑𝑥
= ∫ √−[𝑥 2 − 8x − 15]𝑑𝑥
= ∫ √−[𝑥 2 − 8x + 15]𝑑𝑥
= ∫ √−[(𝑥 − 4)2 + 6 + 15]𝑑𝑥
= ∫ √−[(𝑥 − 4)2 − 1]𝑑𝑥
= ∫ √12 − (𝑥 − 4)2 𝑑𝑥
(𝑥−4) 1 𝑥−4
=
2
√1 − (𝑥 − 4)2 + 2 sin−1 ( 1
)+𝑐
(𝑥−4) 1
=
2
√(𝑥 − 3)(5 − 𝑥) + 2 sin−1 (𝑥 − 4) + 𝑐 ans.

Q.9) 𝐼 = ∫ cos𝑥√4 − sin2 𝑥𝑑𝑥

Sol.9) 𝐼 = ∫ cos𝑥√4 − sin2 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
put 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥 = 𝑡
∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
𝐼 = ∫ √4 − 𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡
1 𝑡
= √4 − 𝑡 2 + 2sin−1 (2) + 𝑐
2
sin𝑥 sin𝑥
= √4 − sin2 𝑥 + 2sin−1 ( )+𝑐 ans.
𝑥 2

Q.10) (a)𝐼 = ∫ (3x − 2)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥 (b) 𝐼 = ∫ (4x + 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑥

Sol.10) (a)𝐼 = ∫ (3x − 2)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥
(take 2𝑥 + 1)
2
= 3∫ (𝑥 − ) √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥
3
3 4
= ∫ (2x − ) √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥
2 3
3 4
= ∫ (2x − + 1 − 1) √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥
2 3
= ∫ √5x − 𝑥2 − 15 + 3x𝑑𝑥
3 7
= ∫ (2x + 1)√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥 − ∫ √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1𝑑𝑥
2 2
2
put 𝑥 + 𝑥 + 1 = 𝑡 in I
(2𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
3 7 1 2 1
= ∫ √𝑡𝑑𝑡 − ∫ √(𝑥 + ) − + 1𝑑𝑥
2 2 2 4
2
3 2 3
7 1 2 √3
= × (√𝑡)2 − ∫ √(𝑥 + ) + ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2 3 2 2 2
Dr.S.JACKSON
6385692592
MATHS MARATHON NOTES
3
7 (𝑥+2)
1
2 2 ∣ 2 2∣
= (√𝑡)2 − [ √(𝑥 + 1) + (√3) + 3 log ∣∣(𝑥 + 1) + √(𝑥 + 1) + (√3) ∣∣]
2 2 2 2 8 ∣ 2 2 2 ∣
3
7 (2x+1) 3 2x+1
= (√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1)2 − [
2 4
√𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 + 8 log ∣∣ 2 + √𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1∣∣]

(b)𝐼 = ∫ (4x + 1)√𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑥

1
= 2∫ (2x + ) √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑥
2
1
= 2∫ (2x + − 1 + 1) √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑥
2
3
= 2∫ (2x − 1 + ) √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑥
2
= 2∫ (2x − 1)√𝑥 2
− 𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑥 + 3∫ √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2𝑑𝑥
put 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 = 𝑡
(2𝑥 – 1)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑡
1 2 1
...𝐼 = 2∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 3∫ √(𝑥 − ) − − 2𝑑𝑥
4 4

2 3
1 2 3 2
= 2 × (𝑡) + 3∫ √(𝑥 − ) − ( ) 𝑑𝑥
2
3 2 2
1
4 3 𝑥−2 2 2 ∣ 2 2∣
= (𝑡)2 + 3 [ √(𝑥 − 1) − (3) − 9 log ∣∣(𝑥 − 1) + √(𝑥 − 1) − (3) ∣∣]
3 2 2 2 8 ∣ 2 2 2 ∣
3
4 2x−1 9 2x−1
= (𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2)2 + 3 [ √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2 − log ∣∣ + √𝑥 2 − 𝑥 − 2∣∣] ans.
3 4 8 2