Specification

Spec. no: IOS-P-0010

Date: 2024-01-29
Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

Issued by Signature Authorised by Signature

Alexander Yastrebov, Richard Nilsson,
Product Requirement Specialist, Requirement Engineering Manager,
Requirement Engineering, Operations Specialist Functions,
IKEA of Sweden AB IKEA of Sweden AB

Kanchan Malhotra,
Product Requirement Specialist,
Requirement Engineering,
IKEA of Sweden AB

General Packaging Requirements

About this specification

This specification establishes the minimum requirements for IKEA packaging solutions, the selection and
quality of packaging materials, the marking of packaging, Neat & Clean packaging, handling material, and
test methods. This specification also defines standard unit load dimensions and fixation requirements.

Packaging solutions for IKEA Food products and major kitchen and laundry appliances are not in the scope
of this specification.

Definition: Packaging shall mean all products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the
containment, protection, handling, delivery, and presentation of goods, from raw materials to processed
goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer (Definition according to EU directive 94/62/EC
(Consolidated version) and the amending direction 2013/2/EU).

The requirements stated in this specification complement and have priority over all other packaging
requirements. The stated requirements are valid throughout the IKEA supply chain. This specification shall
also be used by sub-suppliers (including IKEA nominated supplier, NPS) to verify and deliver compliant
packaging materials to the IKEA supplier.

All symbols and self-declaration templates applicable in this specification are available in the Supplier
Portal. This specification is divided into a requirement part, where all requirements are stated, and an
appendix part containing test methods and supporting documents.

IKEA packaging aims to contribute to IKEA Democratic Design by:

 Protecting what it sells and selling what it protects through the different stages of the handling
process, from the IKEA supplier all the way to the customer's home.
 Inspiring the customers and simplifying the buying process by being an information carrier for the
product.
 Developing packaging solutions that will contain the minimum adequate amount of packaging
material, so that the packaging is correctly adapted to its purpose.
 Developing packaging solutions to minimize volume, enable efficient distribution, and enable easy
handling.
 Producing handling materials with good design and good function at a low price.
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Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

 Giving priority to packaging materials derived from renewable or recycled raw material.
 Using materials that are easy to separate to enable the end user to sort the materials at the
packaging end of life.
 Following existing requirements and new rules along with laws concerning producer responsibility
for packaging and packaging waste locally and globally.

Implementation of changes
Changes in this specification, version number 171373-24, shall be implemented in production of the IKEA
sales item, at the latest from the production date 2431 (year 2024 week 31).

Stock priority
Stock not compliant with the requirements in this specification shall be shipped to IKEA before shipping
stock compliant with this version.

Planned future changes

The following requirements are included for information purposes only and do not apply until they are re-
confirmed in future versions of this specification. As the requirements in this section are not enforced in
this version, the specification shall be reported as implemented when all other requirements in this
specification have been implemented.

Requirements:
 Plastic as a packaging material in IKEA's consumer packages will be phased out according to the
following schedule (labels, tape, hot-melt glue, and fitting bags are excluded from this deadline):
o By FY25 for new articles. From the 1st of September 2024, products containing plastic in
consumer packaging are not allowed.
o By 31st of December 2028 for all articles in the running range.
 By 2030, all remaining fossil-based plastic materials in packaging applications that can't be phased
out shall be changed to renewable/recycled-based plastics.

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Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

Table of contents
1 Information requirements ................................................................................................................ 5
1.1 IKEA supplier information responsibility ................................................................................ 5
2 Approved packaging materials ......................................................................................................... 6
2.1 Paper-based materials ................................................................................................................7
2.2 Wood-based materials ............................................................................................................... 8
2.3 Plastic .......................................................................................................................................... 9
2.4 Metal and sheet metal ............................................................................................................. 10
2.5 Textile ........................................................................................................................................ 10
2.6 Glass ........................................................................................................................................... 11
2.7 Adhesives ................................................................................................................................... 11
2.8 Other materials ......................................................................................................................... 11
3 Requirements on properties of packaging material ..................................................................... 12
3.1 General tolerances .................................................................................................................... 12
3.2 Adhesive tape properties ......................................................................................................... 12
3.3 Paper-based packaging material ............................................................................................13
3.3.1 Corrugated board properties ..........................................................................................................13
3.3.2 Intermittent gluing of corrugated board for consumer packages ............................................13
3.3.3 Load bearer (LB) properties .............................................................................................................16
3.3.4 Inside filler (IF) .................................................................................................................................... 17
3.4 Plastic-based packaging material ........................................................................................... 17
3.4.1 Shrink film (SH) properties ............................................................................................................... 17
3.4.2 Stretch film properties ..................................................................................................................... 18
3.4.3 Plastic bag properties ...................................................................................................................... 18
3.4.4 Strap properties .................................................................................................................................19
4 Marking requirements ..................................................................................................................... 20
4.1 General placement of marking ............................................................................................... 20
4.2 Marking standard for identification of packaging materials .............................................. 21
4.3 Suffocation warning symbol ....................................................................................................22
4.4 The Green Dot ............................................................................................................................22
4.5 Marking standard for Japan ................................................................................................... 23
4.6 Marking of corrugated board quality .................................................................................... 24
4.7 Marking of load bearer, top protection sheets, and paper pallet feet .............................. 25
4.8 Marking of corrugated board packaging construction ....................................................... 26
4.9 ISPM 15 – International standards for phytosanitary measures .........................................27
4.10 Other symbols ...........................................................................................................................27
4.11 Other markings ........................................................................................................................ 28
5 Functional requirements ................................................................................................................. 29
5.1 Consumer packaging ............................................................................................................... 29
5.2 Cases ......................................................................................................................................... 29
5.3 Unit load transport packaging ............................................................................................... 29
5.3.1 Top and bottom protection ............................................................................................................. 29
5.3.2 Corner protection ............................................................................................................................. 30
5.3.3 Unit load fixation ...............................................................................................................................31
5.3.4 Stabilizing sheets for unit loads ......................................................................................................31
5.4 Goods unitization requirements ............................................................................................ 32

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5.4.1 Unit load types .................................................................................................................................. 32

5.4.2 Modules and storage units ............................................................................................................. 34
5.4.3 Filling solution ................................................................................................................................... 35
5.4.4 Unit load stacking capacity for transportation ............................................................................. 36
5.4.5 Unit load stability .............................................................................................................................. 37
5.4.6 Unit load requirement when using air transportation ............................................................... 38
5.5 Dangerous goods ..................................................................................................................... 38
5.6 Handling material .................................................................................................................... 39
5.6.1 Paper pallet ........................................................................................................................................ 39
5.6.2 Feet pattern ....................................................................................................................................... 40
5.6.3 Load bearer (LB) ................................................................................................................................ 45
6 Appearance requirements............................................................................................................... 48
6.1 Neat & Clean requirements .................................................................................................... 48
6.1.1 Neat & Clean requirement for consumer packages (primary packaging) ............................... 48
6.1.2 Neat & Clean requirements for transport packages (secondary/tertiary packaging)............ 48
7 Requirements for verification ......................................................................................................... 49
7.1 Documentation ........................................................................................................................ 49
8 Definitions ......................................................................................................................................... 50
9 References ......................................................................................................................................... 54
10 Summary of changes in version 24 ................................................................................................. 55
Appendix A - Test methods ...................................................................................................................... 59
A.1 Package material test methods ............................................................................................. 60
A.1.1 IOS-TM-0033: Shrink film puncture test ........................................................................................ 60
A.1.2 IOS-TM-0043: Corner protection puncture test ........................................................................... 62
A.2 Consumer package test methods........................................................................................... 63
A.2.1 IOS-TM-0036 Part A: Consumer package rotation test ............................................................... 63
A.2.2 IOS-TM-0036 Part B: Consumer package drop test ..................................................................... 64
A.3 Handling material test methods ............................................................................................ 66
A.3.1 IOS-TM-0038: Load bearer sheet deflection test ......................................................................... 66
A.3.2 IOS-TM-0039: Pallet foot compression test .................................................................................. 68
A.3.3 IOS-TM-0041: Pallet foot shear strength test ................................................................................ 69
A.4 Unit load test methods ............................................................................................................. 71
A.4.1 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for transportation ............................................. 71
A.4.2 IOS-TM-0044: Unit load stability test - 27º ..................................................................................... 73
A.4.3 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability test - 10º ..................................................................................... 76
A.4.4 IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store handling test ................................................................................. 78
Appendix B - Paper pallet standards ...................................................................................................... 79
Appendix C - General tolerances packaging construction ................................................................... 80
Appendix D - Tolerance standard for packaging parts ..........................................................................81
Appendix E - Neat & Clean assessment for consumer packages ......................................................... 83
Appendix F - Neat & Clean assessment for transport packages .......................................................... 85

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Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
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Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

1 Information requirements

1.1 IKEA supplier information responsibility

IKEA takes the role of "producer" when it comes to Extended Producer Responsibility for all IKEA
packaging. Therefore, the accuracy of collected packaging information in IKEA Databases (DWP) is essential
for IKEA in order to fulfil producer responsibility obligations. Inaccurate information can result in serious
business consequences for IKEA and its suppliers. IKEA in this context includes all IKEA organisations, no
matter if Inter IKEA, INGKA, or any third party (franchisee) drives it.

Requirements:
 In order to comply with environmental reporting legislation, the supplier shall define the usage of
packaging material per individual packaging part in the Dimension Weight and Packaging (DWP)
application.
 It is the IKEA supplier’s responsibility to provide accurate information (part type, material type,
dimensions, weight, and so on) in Actual DWP for the supplied packaging.
 Updating of DWP information shall always be done when a new or updated packaging solution is
introduced and when the weight/dimensions/materials, and so on, of the packaging are changed.
As a minimum, it shall be reviewed and confirmed in Actual DWP on a yearly basis.
 Information shall be registered in Actual DWP before dispatch from the IKEA supplier.
 The tolerance on packaging material weight for each packaging part is ±5%.
 If the weight deviation is more than 5%, re-measurement and update of Actual DWP is required.

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2 Approved packaging materials

Requirements:
 Sections 2.1-2.8 list the approved packaging materials at IKEA. No other materials are allowed as
packaging materials.
 Due to material recycling, packaging parts of different material categories are not allowed to be
glued together in any part of the packaging construction unless easily separable by the customer.
This requirement refers to packaging parts of different material but display windows/blister and
labels in general are excluded from this requirement.
 It is not allowed to have biocides in any packaging material.
 It is not allowed to use silica gel bags or any bags of anti-moisture compounds.
 Packaging materials shall not contain intentionally added lead, mercury, cadmium, or hexavalent
chromium, including their compounds.
 The sum of concentration of incidental (contaminant) lead, mercury, cadmium, and hexavalent
chromium in the packaging material shall be less than 100 mg/kg.

If nothing else is stated in this specification, the IKEA specification IOS-MAT-0010 for chemical compounds
and substances is valid for each packaging material except paper-based material. For paper-based material
IOS-P-0014 (chemical requirements for paper-based packaging materials, including printing inks and
adhesives) shall be applied. Additional requirements on chemical compounds and substances in packaging
materials are available in sections 2.1-2.8.

Documentation, certificates, self-declarations, and test reports are not required for packaging materials
unless otherwise stated by IKEA.

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2.1 Paper-based materials

Requirements:
 All paper-based packaging material shall come from more sustainable sources (MSS) and shall
comply with IOS PRG-0147 (AA-2199354).
 A coated liner is only allowed under the following conditions:
o To support the closing process (glue/tape).
o To allow for an enhanced print quality.
o If the packaging solution requires a barrier (liquids/air).
o The purpose of the coated liner shall be specified in the IKEA product documentation.

Table 1: Additional requirements for approved paper-based materials

Approved packaging materials Additional requirements UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol *
material
code
Corrugated fibreboard - 20 PAP
(corrugated board)

AA-1875081
Non-corrugated fibreboard - 21 PAP
(M-board, honeycomb, laminated
paper, paperboard, moulded
paper)
AA-1875082
Paper (tissue, assembly/care - 22 PAP
instructions, wrapping paper,
paper bags)

AA-1875085
* See ISO-standard 'Packaging and the environment — Marking for material identification, ISO/TR 18568:2021(E)'

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2.2 Wood-based materials

Requirements:
 Use of these materials as packaging materials shall be strictly limited.
 Wood-based materials shall not come from intact natural forests unless certified according to FSC.

Table 2: Additional requirements for approved wood-based materials

Approved packaging materials Additional requirements UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol *
material
code
Dry-process fibreboard Formaldehyde: 50 FOR
(MDF/HDF/LDF) ½ E1 (0.062 mg/m3) or better, test
method according to EN 717-1

AA-1875092
For material produced and used for
North America, board compliant
with US EPA TSCA Title VI shall be
used.
Hardboard Formaldehyde: 50 FOR
½ E1 (0.062 mg/m3) or better, test
method according to EN 717-1

AA-1875092
OSB Formaldehyde: 50 FOR
½ E1 (0.062 mg/m3) or better, test
method according to EN 717-1

AA-1875092
Particleboard Formaldehyde: 50 FOR
½ E1 (0.062 mg/m3) or better, test
method according to EN 717-1

AA-1875092
For material produced and used for
North America, board compliant
with US EPA TSCA Title VI shall be
used.
Plywood Formaldehyde: 50 FOR
½ E1 (0.062 mg/m3) or better, test
method according to EN 717-1

AA-1875092
For material produced and used for
North America, board compliant
with US EPA TSCA Title VI shall be
used.
Solid wood Requirement according to ISPM 15, 50 FOR
see section 4.9.

AA-1875092
* See ISO-standard 'Packaging and the environment — Marking for material identification, ISO/TR 18568:2021(E)'

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2.3 Plastic
Requirements:
 It is not allowed to use PVC.
 Marking of combined plastic materials shall be done according to the material that stands for the
largest amount in the material combination (in weight).
 The term Polyolefin (POF) is a family name for a group of thermoplastic materials and shall not be
used to specify plastic materials. A more specific definition shall be used (for example PP or PE).

Table 3: Additional requirements for approved plastic materials

Approved packaging materials Additional UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol *
requirements material
code
Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) - 01 PET

AA-266992
Polyethylene high density (PE HD) - 02 PE-HD or HD-PE

AA-266990 AA-2484075
Foamed or expanded No use of 04 PE-LD or LD-PE
polyethylene (PE) HCFC, HFC or
CFC in foam-
blowing,
AA-266991 AA-2484080
requirements
according to
IOS-MAT-0010.
Polyethylene, low density (PE-LD) - 04 PE-LD or LD-PE

AA-266991 AA-2484080
Polypropylene (PP) - 05 PP

AA-266994
Other plastics: - 07 O
 Polyester
 Polyamide (PA)

AA-266988
* See ISO-standard 'Packaging and the environment — Marking for material identification, ISO/TR 18568:2021(E)'

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2.4 Metal and sheet metal

Requirements:
 The use of metal staples/clips in packaging is only permitted for fixating fitting bags to the product
when required according to the Packaging Requirement.

Table 4: Additional requirements for approved metal or sheet metal materials

Approved packaging materials Additional requirements UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol *
material
code
Carbon steel - 40 FE

AA-1875086
Aluminium - 41 ALU

AA-1875075
* See ISO-standard 'Packaging and the environment — Marking for material identification, ISO/TR 18568:2021(E)'

2.5 Textile
Table 5: Additional requirements for approved textile materials
Approved packaging materials Additional requirements UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol *
material
code
100% cotton Maximum 75 ppm Formaldehyde 60 TEX

Verification: Test method

EN ISO 14184-1
AA-1875089
Linen Maximum 75 ppm Formaldehyde 60 TEX

Verification: Test method

EN ISO 14184-1
AA-1875089
Material made of natural fibres Maximum 75 ppm Formaldehyde 61 TEX
(for example jute or sisal)
Verification: Test method
EN ISO 14184-1
AA-1875090
* See ISO-standard 'Packaging and the environment — Marking for material identification, ISO/TR 18568:2021(E)'

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2.6 Glass
Table 6: Additional requirements for approved glass materials
Approved packaging materials Additional requirements UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol *
material
code
Colourless - 70 GL

AA-1875077
Green - 71 GL

AA-1875079
Brown - 72 GL

AA-1875080
* See ISO-standard 'Packaging and the environment — Marking for material identification, ISO/TR 18568:2021(E)'

2.7 Adhesives
Table 7: Additional requirements for approved adhesives
Approved packaging materials Additional requirements UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol
material
code
Hot-melt - - - -
Acrylic adhesives - - - -
PVA glue - - - -
Starch-based glue (for example - - - -
corn)

2.8 Other materials

Table 8: Additional requirements for other packaging material
Approved packaging materials Additional requirements UN/EU Abbreviation Symbol
material
code
Printing inks for printing on The ink shall not contain mercury - - -
plastic materials or lead.

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3 Requirements on properties of packaging material

3.1 General tolerances

Requirements:
 In all packaging documents, packaging dimensions shall follow the ISO 2768-1 tolerance standard
(see Appendix C) unless otherwise stated by IKEA product documentation.

3.2 Adhesive tape properties

Requirements:
 Adhesive tape shall comply with the values shown in Table 9.
 Only adhesive types stated in Table 7 are allowed. If additional demands on tape quality are
needed, it will be specified in the IKEA product documentation.
 Printing on tape is not allowed.
 Tape material that is reinforced with fibre (glass fibre or other non-paper material) is not allowed.
 The tape and the package shall have a matching colour.
o For brown packages, brown paper tape or transparent tape shall be used.
o For white packages, white paper tape or transparent tape shall be used.

Table 9: Requirements for adhesive tape used for closing a package, strengthening a package, and securing of
components inside the product or the package.
Type Thickness (µm) Width (mm) Adhesive type
Adhesive tape used for package closing ≥ 40 38-50 Permanent1
Adhesive tape used for package strengthening ≥ 40 38-50 Permanent1
Adhesive tape used for attaching product components to ≥ 40 Not applicable Removable2
the product or package

Note: It is not expected by the IKEA supplier to perform specific tape tests as described in footnote 1 and 2.
A test report and performance information shall be provided by the tape manufacturer if needed.

1
‘Permanent’ means not easily removable. Testing can be made either according to AFERA 5001 / ISO 29862 and AFERA 5012 / ISO
29863 or following international FINAT test methods FTM2 (Peel adhesion 90° [N/25 mm]) and FTM9 (Initial Tack [N]). The functionality
'Permanent' is to be agreed with the tape supplier in relation to which surface material the tape is intended to be placed on/adhered
to.
2
‘Removable’ means the tape shall stick to the product but shall be removable by hand without leaving glue rests or damaging the
surfaces. Testing can be made either according to AFERA 5001 / ISO 29862 and AFERA 5012 / ISO 29863 or following international FINAT
test methods FTM2 (Peel adhesion 90° [N/25 mm]) and FTM9 (Initial Tack [N]). The functionality 'Removable' is to be agreed with the
tape supplier in relation to which surface material the tape is intended to be placed on/adhered to.

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3.3 Paper-based packaging material

3.3.1 Corrugated board properties

Requirements:
 Table 10 shows the minimum requirements for IKEA corrugated board quality codes that shall be
fulfilled to make sure that the quality of corrugated board is acceptable. If no IKEA quality code is
specified in the Packaging Requirement, then the lowest quality code of each flute type is the
lowest quality allowed as packaging material.
 Laboratory tests, according to the stated test methods in Table 10, shall always be carried out
whenever there is a change of condition (for example, change of packaging material supplier or
failed test on material), new/changed/updated packaging solution (for example, material,
dimension, or construction), or change in process parameters (for example, new equipment). As a
minimum, all tests shall always be renewed within 12 months.
 Tests for corrugated board variations in Table 10 shall always be carried out by an IKEA approved
laboratory.
 For consumer packaging, cases, and Ready-to-sell (RTS) solutions, it is allowed to use higher quality
codes than specified by IKEA, but it is not allowed to change the flute type.
 For load bearer/top protection/sheet stabilizing a unit load, it is allowed to change the quality code
and flute type based on successful tests for unit load tests (see section A.4 Unit load test methods).
 All tests of corrugated board shall take place after the corrugating process, but before the
converting process.
 Single faced corrugated board (one liner + one flute) is allowed to be used as fillers, dividers, and
protecting sheets.

3.3.2 Intermittent gluing of corrugated board for consumer packages

Requirements:
 If gluing is used as a closing method in automated processes, intermittent gluing shall be applied.
 The glue application shall be started 15-45 mm from each end of the glue flaps to make it possible
to grab the corner (see Figure 1). If the height of the package is > 50 mm, it can be a benefit to use
two gluing lines.

Figure 1: Intermittent gluing

Verification for intermittent gluing:

 IOS-TM-0036 Part A: Consumer package rotation test
 IOS-TM-0036 Part B: Consumer package drop test
 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for transportation

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Table 10: Corrugated board (CB) properties3

IKEA Code Bending Edgewise Bursting strength test Flat crush test Cobb 60 test, water Flute type Thickness Mottling coefficient of
stiffness4 crush test (BST)5 (kPa) (FCT) (kPa) absorptiveness6 (mm) variations (COV on white
(Nm) (ECT) (kN/m) corrugated board)
ISO 2759 ISO 3035 ISO 535 ISO 3034
ISO 5628 ISO 3037 According to STFI
method7
IKEA CB 10 ≥ 0.65 ≥ 3.90 ≥ 600 - 17-40 E 1.00-1.99 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 20 ≥ 0.84 ≥ 4.50 ≥ 850 - 17-40 E 1.00-1.99 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 25 ≥ 2.10 ≥ 3.20 ≥ 500 ≥ 250 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 30 ≥ 2.50 ≥ 3.90 ≥ 600 ≥ 280 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 40 ≥ 2.80 ≥ 4.30 ≥ 700 ≥ 280 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 50 ≥ 3.10 ≥ 5.00 ≥ 850 ≥ 340 17-40 B 2.00-3.49 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 60 ≥ 5.10 ≥ 4.20 ≥ 700 ≥ 200 17-40 C/A8 3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 70 ≥ 6.00 ≥ 5.00 ≥ 850 ≥ 270 17-40 C/A 8
3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 80 ≥ 7.40 ≥ 5.60 ≥ 1100 ≥ 270 17-40 C/A 8
3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 90 ≥ 8.40 ≥ 6.50 ≥ 1350 ≥ 330 17-40 C/A8 3.50-4.59/4.60-5.50 Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 100 ≥ 16.00 ≥ 7.40 ≥ 950 - 17-40 Double wall - Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 110 ≥ 20.00 ≥ 8.80 ≥ 1250 - 17-40 Double wall - Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 120 ≥ 29.00 ≥ 11.00 ≥ 1600 - 17-40 Double wall - Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 150 ≥ 26.00 ≥ 12.00 ≥ 1900 - ≤ 40 - - Max 2.5%

3
The value is based on the average calculated from 10 measurements.
4
Bending stiffness = (MD = Machine direction, CD = Cross direction). Average calculated from 20 measurements (10 on MD/CD).
5
Bursting strength shall be tested on both in and outside. Average calculated from 20 measurements (10 on inside/outside).
6
Cobb 60 shall be tested on both in and outside, average is reported for each side individually.
7
STFI-mottling test: Samples of white corrugated board or liner shall be sent to lab approved by IKEA for mottling test. 2 pieces with a size of 200x200 mm per piece, are required. The test is only
applicable for white top liners (with white bleached fibre on top and brown fibres on the back).
8
C/A means either C or A flute.

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Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

IKEA Code Bending Edgewise Bursting strength test Flat crush test Cobb 60 test, water Flute type Thickness Mottling coefficient of
stiffness4 crush test (BST)5 (kPa) (FCT) (kPa) absorptiveness6 (mm) variations (COV on white
(Nm) (ECT) (kN/m) corrugated board)
ISO 2759 ISO 3035 ISO 535 ISO 3034
ISO 5628 ISO 3037 According to STFI
method7
IKEA CB 230 ≥ 50.00 ≥ 16.00 ≥ 2500 - ≤ 40 - - Max 2.5%
IKEA CB 260 ≥ 75.00 ≥ 20.00 ≥ 4500 - ≤ 40 - - Max 2.5%

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3.3.2.1 Perforation requirement

Requirements:
 Corrugated board constructions for packages shall not have any perforations. Exceptions are:
o Single item/single package with product thinner than 30 mm.
o Cut & crease constructions based on IKEA CB150, CB230 and CB260, to support folding
processes.
o Inlays/dividers/fitting boxes.
o If it is required by IKEA in the Packaging Requirements/Packaging Drawings.

3.3.3 Load bearer (LB) properties

Requirements:
 Load bearer (LB) shall comply with the values shown in Table 11.

The purpose of a load bearer is to support the load of products as well as to secure paper pallet feet, see
Figure 2. This requirement is valid for all kind of load bearers made of fibre-based material.

Figure 2: Load bearer (LB) sheet and HC board for PP foot

Table 11: Load bearer (LB) properties

IKEA code Deflection ΔH (mm) Cobb 60 (g/m²)
ISO 535
IKEA LB 05 ≤3 ≤ 40
IKEA LB 10 ≤3 ≤ 40
IKEA LB 20 ≤3 ≤ 40
IKEA LB 30 ≤2 ≤ 40
IKEA LB 40 ≤2 ≤ 40
IKEA LB 50 ≤2 ≤ 40

For deflection test methods, see section A.3.1 IOS-TM-0038: Load bearer sheet deflection test.

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3.3.4 Inside filler (IF)

Requirements:
 Inside filler shall comply with the verification demands in Table 12.

Table 12: Inside fillers (IF) overview

IKEA code Picture Function Verification
IKEA IF 10 Fills an empty space in between parts IOS-TM-0036 (see section A.2 )
but does not support any load.

IKEA IF 20 Shock-absorbing block (edge protection). IOS-TM-0036 (see section A.2 )

IKEA IF 30 Fills an empty space and supports load IOS-TM-0042 (see section A.4.1 )
when needed (outside or top).

3.4 Plastic-based packaging material

3.4.1 Shrink film (SH) properties

Requirements:
 Shrink film shall comply with the values in Table 13.
 Special demands on shrink film are specified in the Packaging Requirement. If no IKEA quality is
specified in the Packaging Requirement, the minimum quality to use is IKEA SH 10. For shrink film
used for goods fixation and test methods, see section 5.4.5.
 Shrink film shall be applied according to the film supplier's instructions/data sheets.
 All welding shall be performed with good workmanship.
 Colour is not allowed unless otherwise stated in IKEA product documentation.

Table 13: Shrink film (SH) for consumer packaging properties

IKEA Code Material Puncture thumb Puncture sharp Tear strength
edge (mm) edge (mm) MD/TD (N)
IKEA SH 10 Polyethylene ≥ 20 ≥ 20 ≥ 25
IKEA SH 20 Polyethylene ≥ 30 ≥ 20 ≥ 25
IKEA SH 30 Polyethylene ≥ 40 ≥ 30 ≥ 25

For test method, see section A.1.1 IOS-TM-0033: Shrink film puncture test.

Note: Toys with shrink film packaging shall follow shrink film requirements given in standards referred to
in specification IOS-PRG-0010 Toys – Safety Requirements.

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3.4.2 Stretch film properties

Requirements:
 Stretch film shall comply with Table 14. Special demands on stretch film are specified in the
Packaging Requirement.
 Stretch film shall be applied according to film manufacturer instructions/data sheets.
 The usage of stretch film shall fulfil unit load goods fixation and test methods, see section 5.4.5.

Table 14: Stretch film properties

Wrapping technique Material Colour
Horizontal wrapping Polyethylene No
Vertical wrapping Polyethylene No

Figure 3: Horizontal wrapping Figure 4: Vertical wrapping

3.4.3 Plastic bag properties

Requirements:
 Plastic bags shall follow the requirements in Table 15.
 Special demands on plastic bags are specified in the Packaging Requirement. If no IKEA quality is
specified in the Packaging Requirement, the minimum quality shall be followed.

Table 15: Plastic bag material properties

Type Material Thickness (µm) Haze (%) Colour
Plastic bags  Polyethylene, low density (PE-LD) ≥ 40 ≤8 No
 Polyethylene, high density (PE-HD)
 Polypropylene (PP)

Note: Haze and colour requirements are not applicable for fitting bags.

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3.4.4 Strap properties

Requirements:
 Straps used for unit load fixation shall comply with the requirements in Table 16. Straps used in
other applications shall follow the Packaging Requirement or IKEA product documentation.
 Straps shall be applied according to the strap manufacturer’s instructions/data sheets.
 Preferred sealing methods are friction welding or heat welding.
 Application of straps shall fulfil unit load goods fixation and test methods, see section 5.4.5.
 Pre-tension and breaking tension shall not be tested by the IKEA supplier. The IKEA supplier shall
receive the correct parameters from the strap manufacturer.

Table 16: Strap (SR) properties

IKEA Code Material Width (mm) Pre-tension Breaking tension (N) Colour
IKEA SR 10 Polypropylene ≥ 12 ≥ 1000 ≥ 2000 Black

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4 Marking requirements
Requirements:
 Even if the consumer packaging has a printing original or not, the IKEA supplier is responsible for
making sure that the correct marking symbols (see sections 4.1 to 4.9) are visible on the packaging.

Note: Each symbol and marking stated in IOS-P-0010 has its AA-number shown in direct connection to the
symbol/marking. If requested, the business team (at Purchasing & Logistics Areas) are responsible for
handing over symbols and markings to IKEA suppliers and thereby securing that IOS-P-0010 is being
followed.

4.1 General placement of marking

Requirements:
 All required markings on a packaging part or component shall be of the same size and applied with
a good workmanship, for example, printed evenly, aligned correctly, and readable.
 The proportion of height and width of the markings shall not be manipulated.
 The symbol shall be clearly visible on the exterior of the consumer package.
 All required markings shall be grouped together and horizontally placed in relation to the length
direction of the package.
 The required markings may not visually interfere with the identification label. Placement on store
facing side (front side) shall be avoided.

Figure 5: Example of marking placement

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4.2 Marking standard for identification of packaging materials

Requirements:
 Marking of packaging materials shall follow the requirements in Table 17.

Table 17: Marking standard for identification of packaging parts and components
Criteria Requirements
Type of material All packaging parts and components used in:
 Consumer packaging (primary packaging)
 Transport packaging (secondary/tertiary packaging)
 Service packaging
The following components and materials are excluded from this marking requirement:
 Tapes and materials used for strapping (for example cable ties).
 Shrink film and stretch film used for transport packaging.
Symbol for type See section 2.
of material used
For secondary and tertiary packaging, it is allowed to create the marking by separating the
triangle and the alpha numerical code, and to print them next to each other. Example: ♺PAP20
Symbol height  Minimum size = 6 mm
 Maximum size = 17 mm (preferred)
Colour for Follow colour instructions in POC (printing original) if it is available. Otherwise, printing colour
printing/stamping shall be black.
Location  The symbol shall be clearly visible on all packaging parts and components.
 For transport packaging, the marking shall be printed in connection with other markings
such as marking of corrugated board (see section 4.6) or marking of load bearer sheets
and paper pallet feet (see section 4.7).
Application  Marking shall be applied by printing, embossing, stamping, or similar techniques.
 Application by labelling is only allowed if none of the above methods are applicable or in
case of repairs. In such cases the label shall be of the same material as the material that is
labelled.
 Articles without consumer packaging (that is, only have labels) shall not be marked.
Number of  Every packaging part or component shall have a minimum of one whole symbol.
symbols  For plastic films and inside packaging components it is allowed to print the symbol
intermittent due to manufacturing reasons.
 If intermittent printing is used, the preferable distance between the symbols is minimum
200 mm. Size and colour of the symbols shall be respected.

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4.3 Suffocation warning symbol

Requirements:
 The suffocation warning symbol shall follow the requirements in Table 18.
 All plastic bags shall be marked with the suffocation warning symbol.

Table 18: Suffocation warning symbol

Criteria Requirement
Type of material All types of plastic bags used in consumer and service packaging.
Symbol

Symbol according to AA-2182994

Content Special rules can be applied for, for example, Children’s IKEA; in this case, the requirement for
description plastic bags is not applicable, see IKEA product documentation.
Symbol height  Minimum size = 10 mm
 Maximum size = 17 mm
Colour for Follow colour instructions in POC (printing original) if it is available. Otherwise, printing colour
printing/stamping shall be black.
Location  The symbol shall be clearly visible on the exterior of the plastic bag.
 If the consumer packaging has a printing original, the marking requirement is only valid
and mandatory with the suffocation warning symbol stated on the printing original.
Application  Markings shall be applied by printing, stamping, or similar techniques.
 Application by labelling is not allowed.
Number of  Minimum one whole symbol per plastic bag.
symbols  It is allowed to print the symbol intermittently due to manufacturing reasons.
 If intermittent printing is used, the preferable distance between the symbols is minimum
200 mm. Size and colour of the symbols shall be respected.
 No marking is required if the front surface of the plastic bag is ≤ 100 cm² or if one side of
the front surface is less than 100 mm long.

4.4 The Green Dot

Requirements:
 The Green Dot symbol is not allowed to be applied on any label or packaging part of consumer or
service packages. Existing symbols in current printing originals shall be removed.
 The Green Dot removal shall be implemented latest from production date 2445 (year 2024 week
45).

Figure 6: The Green Dot symbol

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4.5 Marking standard for Japan

Requirements:
 All paper and/or plastic packaging material used for consumer and service packaging on the
Japanese market shall be marked with the Japanese environmental markings, see Table 19.
 The following exceptions apply to the Japanese marking requirements:
o Tapes and strapping shall not be marked.
o No marking is required on packaging material made of corrugated board.
o No marking is required if the surface of the packaging part is ≤ 1.3 cm².

Table 19: Marking standard for Japan:

Criteria Requirements
Symbol

Marking for plastic Marking for paper

Symbols according to: AA-266993 Symbols according to: AA-266989
Symbol height  Minimum size = 6 mm (8 mm when embossing is applied)
 Maximum size = 17 mm (preferred)
Colour for Follow colour instructions in POC (packaging original) if it is available. Otherwise, printing
printing/stamping colour shall be black.
Location  The symbol shall be visible on the outside of the consumer package and shall be
oriented as shown above.
 Inside packaging parts (fillers, dividers, bags, and so on) do not need to carry the
marking on themselves. Instead, the marking for inside packaging parts shall be placed
on the outside of the consumer package. This is also valid if the outside packaging is
made of corrugated board.
Application  Markings shall be applied by printing, embossing, stamping, or similar techniques.
 Application by labelling is only allowed if none of the above methods are applicable or
in case of repairs. In such cases the label shall be of the same material as the material
that is labelled.
Number of symbols  At least one whole symbol per consumer or service package is required.
 For plastic films, it is allowed to print the symbol intermittent due to manufacturing
reasons.
 If intermittent printing is used, the preferable distance between the symbols is
minimum 200 mm. Size and colour of the symbols shall be respected.

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4.6 Marking of corrugated board quality

Requirements:
 Packaging based on corrugated board shall follow the marking requirements in Table 20.

Table 20: Marking of corrugated board quality

Criteria Requirements
Type of material Packaging made of corrugated board
Symbol

Symbol according to: AA-489162

Content description  IKEA CB 10 (example): IKEA code for corrugated board quality according to
IKEA standard, see Table 10.
 XX: Abbreviation (2 letters) of the local producer (converter or producer of
corrugated board) of the packaging material.
 YYWW: YY=Year, WW=Week of converted packaging material production.
Symbol height  Minimum size = 10 mm
 Maximum size = 17 mm (preferred)
Colour for printing/stamping Black
Location  The symbol shall be clearly visible on the exterior of all packaging parts.
 The symbol shall be placed on the same location as the environmental
markings, see Figure 5. If this location is not possible (for example, due to
limited space), it shall be placed as close as possible to the environmental
markings.
 For unit load packaging parts (for example, top and bottom protection or
sheets), it is OK to take away the symbol and print the required information
as one text line (for example: IKEA CB 230 XX-YYWW).
Application  Markings shall be applied by printing, embossing, stamping, or similar
techniques.
 Application by labelling is only allowed if none of the above methods are
applicable or in case of repairs. In such cases the label shall be of the same
material as the material that is labelled.
Number of symbols  At least one.
 The marking shall be made on each separate part of the packaging solution
but not on inner packaging parts and components made of corrugated
board (for example fillers).

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4.7 Marking of load bearer, top protection sheets, and paper pallet feet
Requirements:
 Load bearer, top protection sheet, and paper pallet feet markings shall follow the requirements in
Table 21.

Table 21: Marking of load bearer, top protection sheet, and paper pallet feet quality
Criteria Requirements
Description If the material is one sheet of corrugated board (for example CB150), the marking can be:
 For top protection: CB150 XX-YYWW, LB05 XX-YYWW or LB05 / CB150 XX-YYWW
 For load bearer: LB10 XX-YYWW or LB05 / CB150 XX-YYWW. If the material is honeycomb,
M-board or glued corrugated board sheets, it is enough to mark as LB05 XX-YYWW for
both load bearer and top protection.
 For paper pallet feet: Marking of paper pallet feet shall include the paper pallet feet
supplier code XX and production year YY and production week WW.

A production date matrix, which covers several production weeks, is allowed, see example for
specifications in Figure 7.

Figure 7: Production date matrix

Content  LB05 (example): IKEA code for load bearer quality according to IKEA standard, see Table 11.
description  XX: Abbreviation (2 letters) of the local producer (converter or producer of corrugated
board) of the packaging material.
 YYWW: YY=Year, WW=Week of converted packaging material production.
Text height  Minimum size = 4 mm
 Maximum size = 27 mm (preferred)
Colour for Black
printing/stamping
Location  CB-feet: On the side
 HC-feet: On the liner, to be visible after gluing the feet to the load bearer.
Application  Markings shall be applied by printing, embossing, stamping, or similar techniques.
 Application by labelling is only allowed if none of the above methods are applicable or in
case of repairs. In such cases the label shall be of the same material as the material that is
labelled.
Number of  For load bearer: at least one.
symbols  For paper pallet feet: at least on one foot of the complete paper pallet. Packaging
producer can add internal marking at the end of the IKEA marking code, for example: XX-
YYWW-AAAA

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4.8 Marking of corrugated board packaging construction

Requirements:
 Marking requirements for corrugated board packaging construction are only applicable if there is
no printing original. Marking for corrugated board packaging construction shall follow the
requirements in Table 22.

Table 22: Marking of corrugated board packaging construction

Criteria Requirements
Type of material Consumer packaging based on corrugated board.
Symbol (example)

Content description  AA-XXXXXXX-X: AA-number of the Packaging Drawing.

 LLLLxWWWWxHHHH: states the inside dimension in length, width, and height
(mm) of the actual construction. This is only applicable for box constructions
with parametric drawings.
 L-shape according to packaging drawing, for example:
LLLL/LLLLxWWWW/WWWWxHHHH/HHHH
 For L-shape example, see Figure 8.

Figure 8: L-shape example.

Symbol height  Minimum size = 10 mm

 Maximum size = 17 mm (preferred)
Colour for printing/stamping Black
Location  The marking shall be clearly visible on the exterior of all consumer packages
and oriented as shown above.
 The symbol shall be placed on the same location as the environmental
markings, see Figure 5. If this location is not possible (for example, due to lack
of space), it shall be placed as close as possible to the environmental markings.
Application  Markings shall be applied by printing, embossing, stamping, or similar
techniques.
 Application by labelling is only allowed if none of the above methods are
applicable or in case of repairs. In such cases the label shall be of the same
material as the material that is labelled.
Number of symbols  Only one symbol per consumer package.
 Marking of inner consumer packaging parts is not required.

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4.9 ISPM 15 – International standards for phytosanitary measures

ISPM 15 defines approved measures for treated solid wood with the purpose to prevent the introduction
and/or spread of quarantine pests associated with the international trade of wood packaging material.

Requirements:
 The wood shall be marked with the IPPC symbol. For pest control, only heat treatment is allowed.
 The IPPC symbol shall be readable without use of visual aid.
 Use of the IPPC symbol requires approval from the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO)
in the production country. The symbols are stated in the Regulation of wood packaging material in
international trade.

4.10 Other symbols

Requirements:
 Other symbols shall be added to packaging if required in the IKEA product documentation.
 Table 23 shows the approved symbols. The proportion of height and width of the symbols shall not
be manipulated.
 For plastic packaging materials, embossing without colour is allowed as an alternative to print.

Table 23: Approved other packaging symbols

Symbol Requirement
 Symbol height: Min 10 mm, max 17 mm (preferred).
 Colour: Black
No knife symbol: AA-222736  Placement and application: According to IKEA product documentation

 Symbol height: Min 10 mm, max 17 mm (preferred).

Knife symbol: AA-279007  Colour: Black
 Placement and application: According to IKEA product documentation
 Symbol height: Min 10 mm, max 17 mm (preferred).
 Colour: Black
No scissor symbol: AA-222732  Placement and application: According to IKEA product documentation
 Symbol height: Min 10 mm, max 17 mm (preferred).
 Colour: Black
Scissors symbol: AA-1009726
 Placement and application: According to IKEA product documentation
 Symbol height: 35/70/150 mm.
 Colour: Black
 Placement and application: According to IKEA product documentation
Fragile symbol:
AA-223124/AA-222742/AA-1014838
 Symbol height: 35/70/150 mm.
 Colour: Black
 Placement and application: According to IKEA product documentation
This side up symbol:
AA-223126/AA-222743/AA-1907851

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4.11 Other markings

Requirements:
 Assembly instructions, colour marking, IKEA logos, “Made in …”, or non-IKEA related markings or
prints are not allowed on the package unless specified in the IKEA product documentation.
 For consumer packages (primary package), it is allowed to apply internal supplier information on
condition that this marking is placed in a concealed area. It shall not be visible in the finished
package or packaging sales solution that is exposed to the customer.
 For cases and unit loads (secondary/tertiary packaging) it is allowed to apply internal supplier
information (labels or marking) under the following conditions:
o The internal supplier information (labels or marking) shall be verified with the receiver-
processes in order to avoid interferences.
o The internal supplier information (labels or marking) shall be notified to the relevant IKEA
business team or shall be added to the IKEA product documentation.

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5 Functional requirements

5.1 Consumer packaging

Requirements:
 It shall be possible to handle a consumer package on all sides without any damage or movement of
the content in the package. For test method, see section A.2 Consumer package test methods.
 If nothing else is stated in the Packaging Requirement, all instruction material stated in the IKEA
product documentation shall be in package number 1 and shall be easy to find when the customer
opens the package.

5.2 Cases
Requirements:
 As a case is intended for manual handling, maximum weight limitation is 15 kg.
 A case that weighs more than 15 kg shall be constructed as a module (such as low unit load) with
handling material, see section 5.4.2.

5.3 Unit load transport packaging

Requirements:
 All unit loads where consumer packages or Ready-To-Sell (RTS) packaging solutions are
unprotected shall have top and bottom protection as well as corner protection, see Figure 9.

Figure 9: Unit load protection

5.3.1 Top and bottom protection

Requirements:
 The top protection shall cover the total surface of the products.
 The top protection sheet shall follow the same tolerances as the load bearer sheet, see section
5.6.3.
 The bottom protection shall cover the total surface of the products.
 The bottom protection sheet shall follow the same tolerances as the load bearer sheet, see section
5.6.3.
 If a paper pallet is used, no bottom protection is required.
 To secure load safety, the top and bottom protection shall have a minimum friction of µ=0.5 (which
corresponds to 27° tilting), wherever measured on the surface (see section A.4.2 IOS-TM-0044: Unit
load stability test - 27º). This is the same requirement as in section 5.4.5.

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 The top protection shall be able to withstand the stacking capacity value indicated in Actual DWP.
Compliance is verified by performing IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for transportation.
See unit load stacking capacity requirement in section 5.4.4.
 If Required DWP has stacking indication = “No”, then only dust/dirt protection is needed.
 For top protection the lowest flute height of double wall or glued together corrugated board sheets
shall be facing upwards.
 Unit loads consisting of cases do not need top/bottom protection. Special requirements to follow
are stated in the Packaging Requirement.

5.3.2 Corner protection

Requirements:
 All unit loads shall have corner protection. Additional requirements to follow are stated in the
Packaging Requirement.
 The corner protection shall at a minimum be a 50/50 mm profile.
 Corner protection shall be made from paper-based material.
 Quality requirement: maximum 6 mm penetration. For test method, see section A.1.2 IOS-TM-0043:
Corner protection puncture test.
 All vertical corner protections shall cover the total height of the goods. If bottom trays are used, the
corner protectors shall cover the unprotected part of the unit load above the bottom tray. For
application tolerances, see Figure 10 and Figure 11.

Figure 10: Corner protection application tolerances Figure 11: Tolerances for unit load with bottom tray

All unit loads shall have corner protection except:

 Unit loads containing cases.
 Unit loads with short-end protectors, which are required in Packaging Requirements. These unit
loads do not need to comply with the test method IOS-TM-0043: Corner protection puncture test in
section A.1.2 .
 Ready-To-Sell (RTS) packaging solutions where all corners of the unit load are fully covered by
minimum IKEA CB 100.

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 Unit loads containing products that have an edge radius larger than 25 mm, see Figure 12, and that
do not show any damage, defect, or deformation after being exposed to minor collisions and
comply with the Neat & Clean requirements in section 6.1.

Figure 12: Unit load with products that have round shapes

5.3.3 Unit load fixation

Requirements:
 Goods shall always be fixated to the load bearer.
 Only the following methods are allowed to fixate the load onto the handling material:
o Strapping (for strap properties, see section 3.4.4)
o Stretch filming (for stretch film properties, see section 3.4.2)
o Shrink filming (for shrink film properties, see section 3.4.1)
 If straps are used, appropriate edge protection is required in order to avoid permanent marks on
the packaging, see section 6.
 It is not allowed to join several unit loads together with any fixation method. A unit load shall
always be handled as a separate unit and shall never be joined together two-by-to. This is valid for
both horizontal and vertical joining for unit loads. This requirement is also applicable for filling
solutions, except for load safety reasons.
 When fixating the load onto the handling material, do not cover the fork entry of the handling
material.
 To ensure that there is enough friction between the stacked unit loads during transport, and to
allow sprinkler water to penetrate the unit load if there should be a fire in the unit, the top of a unit
load shall not be completely covered with plastic wrapping material. Exceptions apply for
mattresses.

What method to use depends on the shape, the weight of the goods that shall be fixated, the performance,
quality of the fixation method, and so on.

5.3.4 Stabilizing sheets for unit loads

Stabilizing sheets might be necessary to comply with the unit load stability requirements stated in section
5.4.5. If stabilizing sheets are used the following requirements shall be fulfilled.

Requirements:
 Only one sheet between each layer in the unit load is allowed.
 The maximum size of the sheet shall be smaller than the unit load footprint.
 Any kind of printing/marking not mentioned in section 4 is not allowed unless stated in the product
requirements.
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5.4 Goods unitization requirements

Requirements:
 All goods shall be unitised according to the unit load types described in Table 24, Table 25, and Table
26.
 When unitizing goods on a shipping platform, handling material shall be used.
 Tilting of unit loads during transportation or storage is not allowed. The unit load construction is
not intended to be transported in any other orientation than the upright position.
 Unit loads shall always be within the maximum gross dimensions and weight. It is not allowed to
exceed maximum gross dimensions or weight of the unit loads.

5.4.1 Unit load types

Requirements:
 Unit load dimensions and weight shall always follow the values stated described in Table 24, Table
25, and Table 26.
 A tolerance of +/- 2 % is allowed for unit load external dimensions.
 The nominal height of unit load types AL, BL, and DL (including handing material) shall be as close
as possible to the max gross height of 1000 mm but shall not exceed the max gross height.

Note: Exceeding maximum gross dimensions or weight of the unit loads is against the IKEA safety rule.

Table 24: Unit load types AL, BL, and DL

Unit load type AL, FULL PALLET, handling material
Gross length Optimal 1200 mm (max 1600 mm)
Gross width Optimal 760 mm (max 1000 mm)
Gross height Max 1000 mm, including handling material
Gross weight Max 677 kg, including handling material. If AL-length is <
1000 mm, max weight is 450 kg.

Unit load type BL, HALF PALLET, handling material*

Gross length Optimal 760 mm (max 890 mm)
Gross width Optimal 600 mm (max 680 mm)
Gross height Max 1000 mm, including handling material

Gross weight Max 338 kg, including handling material

Unit load type DL, LONG PALLET, handling material

Gross length Optimal 2000 mm (max 2500 mm)
Gross width Optimal 760 mm (max 1000 mm)
Gross height Max 1000 mm, including handling material
Gross weight Max 713 kg, including handling material

*Note: The unit load type BL is constructed as being a Ready-To-Sell (RTS) solution and always equal to an MDQ/MDU.

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Table 25: Unit load type G

Unit load type G, OTHER TYPE OF UNIT LOAD
This unit load type is only available when required in the IKEA product
documentation.

The following test methods shall not be used for unit load type G:
 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for transportation
 IOS-TM-0044: Unit load stability test - 27º
 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability test - 10º
 IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store handling test

This does not apply to strand board pallets, for which above mentioned test
methods shall still be followed.
Examples: flower trolleys, special roll containers, strand board pallets, and other Example: Flower trolley
special types of constructions approved by IKEA.

Table 26: Unit load types A, B, and D

Unit load type A, FULL PALLET, Europe (EUR-pallet)
Gross length Optimal 1200 mm (max 1600 mm)
Gross width Optimal 800 mm (max 1000 mm)
Gross height Max 1150 mm, including EUR pallet
Gross weight Max 700 kg, including EUR pallet

Unit load type B, HALF PALLET, Europe*

Gross length Optimal 800 mm (max 1000 mm)
Gross width Optimal 600 mm (max 800 mm)
Gross height Max 1150 mm, including HALF pallet
Gross weight Max 350 kg, including HALF pallet

Unit load type D, LONG PALLET, Europa (IKEA pallet)

Gross length Optimal 2000 mm (max 2400 mm)
Gross width Optimal 800 mm (max 1000 mm)
Gross height Max 1150 mm, including IKEA pallet
Gross weight Max 750 kg, including IKEA pallet

*Note: The unit load type B is constructed as being a Ready-To-Sell (RTS) solution and always equal to an MDQ/MDU.

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5.4.2 Modules and storage units

A module is a low unit load built in a way that several modules of the same article can be stacked on top of
each other in order to be stored together as a storage unit. A module is a Ready-To-Sell (RTS) packaging
solution, which can be mechanically handled in the supply chain, with an optimal store sales quantity. The
module is described in the Packaging Requirement and in Required DWP.

Requirements:
 The storage unit shall have the same unit load constraints as specified in section 5.4.1.
 All requirements for unit loads are valid for the modules as well as for the storage unit.
 The module height shall follow the maximum values stated in Figure 13.
 The module weight shall follow the maximum values stated in Figure 13.
 Modules shall be able to be stacked on top of each other in order to be stored together as a
storage unit.
 Maximum height of the storage solution is 1000 mm.

For examples of modules and storage units, see Figure 13.

Figure 13: Example of modules and storage unit

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5.4.3 Filling solution

The purpose of using filling solutions is to maximise the equipment utilisation by temporarily splitting a
unit load during transportation. Products approved to be used as filling solutions are indicated in Required
DWP by IKEA.

Requirements:
 The divided unit load shall be able to be rebuilt back to a unit load, including handling material,
with the same quantity and constraints as the standard unit load.

5.4.3.1 Top filling solution

Requirements:
 A top filling solution is a unit load divided in the horizontal direction where all separate parts shall
have a handling material (see section 5.6) and fulfil the unit load protection requirements (see
section 5.3).
 Articles used as top fillers shall be documented in Actual DWP by the supplier.
 The number of unit loads that are used as filling solutions shall be kept to a minimum, the rest are
to be built as standard unit loads.
 All separate parts of a unit load which is divided in horizontal direction as top filling solution shall
have a handling material (see section 5.6).
 A top filling solution shall fulfil all unit load protection requirements (see section 5.3).
 The maximum height for the rebuilt complete unit load is 1050 mm.
 For newly developed articles with production date from 2237 (YYWW), the maximum height for
rebuilt unit loads with a width < 710 mm (narrow pallets) is 1000 mm. This requirement is also
applicable to unit load type BL.
 For top filling solutions a label is required, see IOS-PRG-0019.
 Tilting of a filling solution is not allowed.

Figure 14: Top filling solution

5.4.3.2 Length and side filling solution

Requirements:
 Length and side filling is not allowed.

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5.4.4 Unit load stacking capacity for transportation

The unit load stacking capacity for a unit load expresses the maximum weight (in kg) allowed to be placed
on top of the unit load during transportation, without compromising the unit load requirements.

Requirements:
 The unit loads shall be able to stack on top of each other, in order to maximise equipment
utilisation in transportation and storage equipment throughout the entire supply chain. The
stacking indication in Required DWP shows whether the unit load shall withstand loads on top or
not, see Table 27.
 The stacking capacity shall be defined in Actual DWP and shall be stated on the unit load label, see
IOS-PRG-0019.
 As a minimum, when stacking indication = “Yes”, it is expected that the unit load shall be able to
withstand (for test method, see section A.4.1 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for
transportation):
o Stacking of unit loads with the same weight and similar footprint.
o Reaching a stacking height of up to 2610 mm 9, including top filling solution, see Figure 15.
 The stacking height is only for determining the stacking capacity during the test. Maximum allowed
actual loading height shall follow loading guidelines and is dependent on loading unit type (LUT)
and local transport legislation.

Table 27: Stacking indication

Stacking indication Description
Yes  Allowed to stack other unit loads with similar handling material footprint on top
of the unit load, according to defined stacking capacity.
 Stacking capacity: > 20 kg
No  Not allowed to stack anything on top of the unit load.
 Stacking capacity: 0 kg

Example (see Figure 15): The unit load has a gross weight of X=500 kg and a unit load gross height of
H=1000 mm. This means that it is possible to stack one unit load + top filling solution on top before
reaching the maximum stacking height. The stacking capacity is then expected to be 750 kg (1,5*500 kg)
after testing.

Example (see Figure 16): The unit load has a gross weight of Y=300 kg and a unit load gross height of H=500
mm. This means that it is possible to stack four unit loads on top of the bottom one before reaching the
maximum stacking height. The stacking capacity is then expected to be 1200 kg (4*300 kg) after testing.

9
2610 mm is related to the available loading height in loading unit type 40 feet high cube container.

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Figure 15: Unit load gross weight = X kg Figure 16: Unit load with gross weight = Y kg

Since the loading unit type and storage method can differ for the same unit load throughout the supply
chain the load stacked on top of the unit load can also be different. Therefore, consideration to mixed
articles in the shipments from the IKEA supplier shall not be regarded during testing of stacking capacity.
The stacking capacity should be as close as possible to a maximum load before collapse of the unit load,
still complying with all unit load requirements with special attention to safety.

In restricted cases, the unit load cannot withstand load corresponding to the minimum stacking capacity. A
lower stacking capacity is then allowed after agreement with IKEA.

5.4.5 Unit load stability

The requirements below are valid for all unit load types including storage solutions.

Requirements:
 Unit loads shall comply with the stability requirement described in Table 28.
 Verification shall be done according to test methods stated in Table 28.
 Test result shall be documented according to section 7.1.

Table 28: Stability test for unit loads

Goods fixation Requirement Test method
With goods fixation The load (or any part of the load) shall not IOS-TM-0044: Unit load stability test - 27º
start to slide when tilting 27°, which
corresponds to Transport Stability Level 3
(TSL 3) in the DWP application.
Without goods fixation The load (or any part of the load) shall not IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability test - 10º
start to slide when tilting 10°.
The load (or any part of the load) shall not fall IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store handling test
off when handling the unit load.
For unit load > 1000 mm height, the 10°-test and store handling test are not applicable.

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5.4.6 Unit load requirement when using air transportation

Unit loads that are using air transportation will not have a specific IKEA product documentation or an
Actual DWP.

Air transport is not the normal mode of transport of unit loads within IKEA, but when agreed, the following
unit load requirements are to be followed. It is the IKEA supplier's responsibility to follow these
requirements together with the local rules set by the air freight company. All handling of unit loads in air
freight activities use standardised platforms, whereas dimensions, and so on, are set from IATA (The
International Air Transport Association).

Requirements:
 The maximum loading height is 1600 mm, including handling material. To achieve this, the top
filling requirements are applied if needed (see section 5.4.3.1), with the additional requirement that
the top filling part shall be fixed together with the unit load using stretch film.
 No handling material is needed for the top filling part.
 The bottom unit load shall have a handling material with 100 mm fork entry height. The normal feet
pattern is accepted, but an additional foot shall be applied (50 mm + 50 mm = 100 mm).
 All unit loads shall have corner protection, see section 5.3.2.
 All unit loads shall have the “This side up” symbol: AA-223126, 150 mm on all four sides to prevent
tilting of the unit loads, see section 4.10.

Note: These requirements shall not be applied for quantities smaller than unit loads or samples, and so
on.

5.5 Dangerous goods

Requirements:
 Some products are dangerous goods and shall be handled, packaged, labelled, and transported
accordingly. The UN Modul Regulations for dangerous goods are applicable and shall be followed.
 IKEA suppliers shall not determine which goods are deemed dangerous. A classification of
dangerous goods are specified in the IKEA product documentation.

Dangerous goods are materials or items with hazardous properties which, if not properly controlled,
present potential hazard to human health and safety, infrastructure, and/or their means of transportation.
The regulations for transport of dangerous goods are built on the UN model regulation.

One example of a product that is falling into the category of dangerous goods is Lithium-ion battery (> 20
Wh/cell or > 100 Wh/battery). The UN number for Lithium-ion battery is 3480 or 3481 when packed with
equipment.

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5.6 Handling material

IKEA has standardised handling material which is paper pallet. If paper pallets are used the requirements
in section 5.6.1 shall be fulfilled.

5.6.1 Paper pallet

A paper pallet consists of paper pallet feet glued to the load bearer sheet. Paper pallet feet made from
honeycomb are preferred. Paper pallet feet made from corrugated board will be phased out in the near
future. For paper pallet standard sizes, see Appendix B.

Requirements:
 The maximum fork entry height (H max) during compression (that is, loaded with goods) shall not
be higher than the maximum foot height stated in the technical description of paper pallet feet.
 The minimum fork entry height (H min) during compression (that is, loaded with goods) is 45 mm
for paper pallet wherever measured throughout the supply chain. Fork entry height is the distance
between the underside of the load bearer and the ground surface measured in any point, or
between first and second pallet or second and third (see Figure 17).

Figure 17: Handling material, foot height and fork entry width and height

 The placement of the feet shall follow requirements regarding feet pattern, to allow moving the
paper pallet with IKEA standard handling equipment, see section 5.6.2.
Two different paper pallet feet constructions are allowed, see Figure 18 and Figure 19:
o Paper pallet feet corrugated board (CB): According to technical description AA-604938. The
foot shall be glued with opened flute against the load bearer.
o Paper pallet feet honeycomb (HC): According to drawing AA-2098050.

Figure 18: Paper pallet foot corrugated board Figure 19: Paper pallet foot honeycomb

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 For available sizes, technical documentation, and test requirements of paper pallet feet, see Table
29.
 PP feet made from honeycomb (HC) shall be purchased from IKEA Components nominated
suppliers.

Table 29: Paper pallet feet size and test requirements

Foot size Art. no ICOMP art. no Compression (kN) Shear strength (Nm)
CB 90 x 90 x 50 mm 598.008.72 122151 ≥ 6.3 ≥ 60
CB 140 x 90 x 50 mm 298.009.20 133011 ≥ 9.4 ≥ 80
CB 180 x 90 x 50 mm 398.008.73 122150 ≥ 12.5 ≥ 100
HC 90 x 90 x 52 mm 098.015.67 200464 ≥ 7.5 ≥ 13
HC 140 x 90 x 52 mm 298.015.66 200465 ≥ 11.3 ≥ 30
HC 180 x 90 x 52 mm 998.013.94 200463 ≥ 15.0 ≥ 40

5.6.2 Feet pattern

The requirements on feet pattern for handling material is an enabler for safe storing on a standard
wooden pallet and/or storage profiles. The requirements ensure visibility from a forklift position. They also
support alignment and eccentricity of paper pallets when placed on wooden pallets or storage profiles.

Maximum stability for the unit load is achieved when paper pallet feet are placed underneath the outside
corner of the goods.

Requirements:
 The feet position and feet sizes shall maximise the strength of the unit load. The feet shall be
attached outside the hatched zone in order to enable handling and storage of unit loads with IKEA
standard handling equipment and standard racking, see Figure 20 and Figure 21.

Note: In case the length and width of the unit load are equal, as could happen in scenario 1 and 4,
the max 90 mm foot shall be on the front side of the unit load.

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Scenario 1 Scenario 2

Length ≥ 710 and width ≥ 710 Length ≥ 710 and width < 710
for DL and AL for DL and AL

Figure 20: Feet are not allowed in the hatch area

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Scenario 3 Scenario 4

Length ≥ 710 and width < 680 Length < 710 and width < 680
for BL for BL

Figure 21: Feet are not allowed in the hatch area

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 The placement of paper pallet feet shall be symmetrical in respect to the unit load. The narrowest
unit load that can be handled within IKEA is 500 mm with standard monoforks and 710 mm with
standard pallet jack.
 Unit loads with handling material shall be constructed to be handled 4-way by IKEA standard
handling equipment, that is, by standard pallet jacks (520 mm wide), and monoforks (280 mm
wide).
 The fork entry shall be visible when using a forklift truck.
 The placement of the feet shall be 4 mm in from the edge, with a tolerance of -4 mm/+6 mm, see
Figure 22.

Figure 22: Placement of foot

 It shall be possible to store the unit load with handling material on a standard wooden pallet
(according to Table 30) and on storage profiles.

Table 30: Storage of unit load on standard wooden pallet

Unit load type Stored on standard wooden pallet Standard wooden pallet dimensions (mm)
AL EUR pallet 1200 x 800 x 150 mm
BL HALF pallet 600 x 800 x 150 mm
DL IKEA pallet 2000 x 800 x 150 mm

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 The feet pattern shall always enable that at least 50% of the outer feet falls within the standard
wooden pallet dimensions of the given unit load type according to Table 30. For example, see Figure
23.

Figure 23: At least 50% falls within the standard pallet dimension.

 When the dimension in any direction causes the outer pallet foot to fall more than 50% outside the
standard wooden pallet dimensions of the given unit load type, additional pallet feet shall be added
in direct connection with the outer foot. For example, see Figure 24.

Figure 24: Placement of additional pallet feet.

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 When the length of the unit load causes that more than 100% of the outer pallet foot falls outside
the standard wooden pallet dimensions of the given unit load type (AL or DL), the added pallet feet
shall be positioned to align with, and be 100% inside, the standard wooden pallet length of the
given unit load type. For example, see Figure 25.

Figure 25: Additional pallet feet position to align with standard pallet dimensions

5.6.3 Load bearer (LB)

Requirements:
 Approved load bearer (LB) sheet qualities (grades) are shown in Table 11. Lower quality of a load
bearer sheet is not acceptable.
 The maximum thickness of a load bearer is 30 mm.
 The load bearer sheet shall follow the size of the unit load with a maximum deviation of +15 mm/-
24 mm, that is, +7.5 mm/-12 mm on each side, see Figure 26.

Figure 26: Maximum deviation of load bearer sheet

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 If a tray solution (see Figure 27) is used as a load bearer, the construction shall follow the IKEA
construction standard I452, I453, or similar.

Figure 27: Load bearer tray solution

 The tray sides flaps shall be glued. Double-sided tape is allowed for flaps gluing.
 The height of the tray sides shall be a minimum of 80 mm.
 For a tray solution, it is allowed to glue the feet directly under the tray construction.
 If a tray is used as load bearer, it shall follow the size of the unit load with a maximum deviation of
+25 mm on each side, see Figure 28.

Figure 28: Maximum deviation of unit load for load bearer tray solution

 If multiple packages are stacked on the unit load, the tolerance shall always be calculated from the
biggest consumer package dimension (including unit load protection material) regardless of where
it is placed on the unit load.
 The load bearer shall always be centred in relation to the unit load.

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 The lowest flute height of the sheet shall be glued against the feet to get the best result for the fork
entry opening height, see Figure 29.

Figure 29: Example where lowest flute height of the sheet is glued to the feet

Due to safety, quality, or handling, some products require special design construction. This construction
protects the bottom of the pallet and increases the stability of the unit load as of the handling material.

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6 Appearance requirements

6.1 Neat & Clean requirements

Requirements:
 All products and packaging solutions are in perfect condition when leaving the IKEA supplier and
have no defects of any kind.
 ”Neat & Clean” is a common assessment of required conditions of IKEA packages. It shall be used
from the moment the goods arrive at first receiving point, being forwarded in the IKEA supply chain
until the product meets the customer.
 Ready-To-Sell (RTS) solutions are considered as transport packaging. Defects on RTS packages
which negatively influence the shop environment are not acceptable.
 Consumer packages (primary packaging) of matrasses and sofas are considered as transport
packages and shall be assessed according to Appendix F.

The Neat & Clean assessment is an integral part of IKEA daily operations for evaluating packaging
damages and defects. It shall provide common ground for each individual decision regarding severity and
relevance of a detected packaging deviation.

6.1.1 Neat & Clean requirement for consumer packages (primary packaging)
Requirements:
 The appearance of the package shall not influence customer’s perception of the product.
 The package is closed, and the integrity of the package shall not be compromised.
 The protective function shall not be reduced, and the package shall have the ability to absorb
shocks and impacts.
 All types of consumer packages shall be assessed according to Appendix E.

6.1.2 Neat & Clean requirements for transport packages (secondary/tertiary packaging)
Requirements:
Transport packaging:
 Shall be safe to store and handle under any conditions.
 Provide full integrity of the unit (unit load/case).
 Shall secure that the containing consumer packages are fully compliant with Neat & Clean
requirements.
 Shall prevent its content from being exposed to:
o Dust/dirt contamination
o Humidity
o Pressure marks/deformation
 All types of transport packaging shall be assessed according to Appendix F.

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7 Requirements for verification

7.1 Documentation
The verifying document can be a self-declaration (SD), a test report (TR), or a copy of the in-house test log.
The verification documentation according to the requirements in this specification does not need to be
uploaded in Connect.

Requirements:
 Documentation of any packaging verification shall include:
o IKEA supplier number and name, production site.
o Article information.
o Name of person who has performed the test.
o Packaging material supplier.
o Sample quality code.
o Packaging material description (type of material such as physical characteristics, and
material producer's identification codes).
o Packaging material batch number.
o Details of any deviation from the test method.
o Test result.
o Date of testing.
 Unless otherwise stated, the documentation of performed tests shall be:
o Available before first delivery.
o In English.
o Uploaded in Connect or be provided to IKEA on request within three working days.
o Retained by the IKEA supplier for at least 3 years.

Pictures can be attached to clarify a result or to describe any anomalies found during the test.

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8 Definitions
Table 31: Definitions
Term Definition
4-way handling The unit load can be handled from both length and width sides.
Actual DWP It is the screen in the DWP-application where the IKEA supplier confirms the DWP-
information for an item.
Banderol A packaging part, designed to be wrapped around the product to keep the shape of a
round, rolled, or folded article. Banderols are often used as a carrier for consumer
information (label functionality).
Case (Synonym 'multi-pack packaging' or 'secondary packaging') Refers to packaging designed
to contain several consumer packages. The purpose of a case is to avoid single item
handling in the supply chain and adapt the quantity to the forecasted sales.
Coating A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, usually referred to as
the substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or
both.
Functional coatings may be applied to change the surface properties of the substrate,
such as adhesion, wettability, corrosion resistance, or wear resistance. For partially
coating of surfaces ('non-all-over' coatings) control is needed as to where the coating is to
be applied.
Consumer The IKEA sales item in its consumer packaging.
package
Consumer Consumer packaging (primary packaging) refers to all packaging, which is in direct
packaging contact with the product and ends up in the customer’s home. It also serves the purpose
as bearer of product information.
Damage/Defect Damage: Any kind of visible traces of impact or functional compromises on the product
and/or its primary packaging (consumer packaging) that is reducing its quality
impression, value, and/or usability.
Defect: Non-compliant or compromised secondary and tertiary packaging (transport
packaging) is considered as a defect if the contained primary packages are not damaged.
DWP-application It is the application where DWP-information is entered. The DWP (Dimension, Weights,
and Packaging) information is a fundamental part of the IKEA information infrastructure
and is used within many different functions within IKEA.
Energy recovery Energy recovery means the use of combustible packaging waste as a means to generate
energy through direct incineration with or without other waste.
Equipment The efficiency in a container, truck, or wagon in terms of net cubic meters/shipment,
utilization weight utilization and filling rate. Nm3/shipment.
Filling solutions A method of splitting unit loads during transportation to fill empty spaces in the loading
units (containers, trucks, and so on). When unloading such a loading unit, these parts can
be added together so that the resulting unit load has the same number of pieces as an
original unit load.
Forest The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) is a non-profit organization that sets standards to
Stewardship ensure that forestry is practiced in an environmentally responsible and socially beneficial
Council (FSC) manner. If a product, like a piece of tropical hardwood patio furniture, is labelled as "FSC
Certified", it means that the used raw material and the manufacturer have met the
requirements of the Forest Stewardship Council.
Handling material Handling material (or ‘Standard handling material’) refers to a platform which is used for
handling goods throughout the IKEA supply chain, like Paper Pallet (PP), Multiway Picking
Platform (MWPP), Wooden Pallet (WP), and Metal Picking Platforms (MPP).

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Term Definition
Haze Degree of transparency, lower value is more transparent.
Home Furnishing All items which are presented and sold in distinct shops within the Market hall and Show
Accessories (HFA) room at the IKEA store.
Identification label An identification label is a label that has a bar code.
IKEA Nominated An IKEA Nominated Packaging Supplier is a packaging supplier that has a general
Packaging agreement with IKEA components.
Suppliers (NPS)
IKEA product An IT application through which product and packaging requirements are distributed to
documentation the IKEA suppliers.
Label Label means the product identification is as described in IOS-PRG-0019. A label shall be
seen as packaging material needed for the presentation of goods.
Length or side A logistical methodology to maximise the utilisation of transport capacity by splitting a
filling solution unit load in smaller entities to fill empty side space of a truck or a container.
Load bearer The sheet that supports the load and which is mainly created from paper-based material.
Loading Unit Type Different types of transport equipment, for example, trailers, trucks, or containers.
(LUT)
M-board M-board is a lightweight fibre-based material to be used mainly for load bearers.
MDQ The Minimum Delivery Quantity is derived from the MDU. The MDQ is considered widely
within the ordering landscape and drives the smallest possible quantity which can be
ordered by stores.
MDQ label Minimum Delivery Quantity label. Replaces FP and MP labels.
MDU Minimum Delivery Unit describes which unit is the smallest possible unit to be ordered
for the store replenishment. The MDU could be either a unit load (UL), a case or a
consumer package (CP).
Module A low unit load built in a way that a number of modules can be stacked on top of each
other in order to be stored together as a storage unit.
More Sustainable More Sustainable Sources is pre- and post-customer reclaimed wood material (recycled
Sources (MSS) material) or wood from forests verified as responsibly managed according to a forest
certification system recognized by IKEA. Wood certified according to FSC meets the IKEA
requirements for More Sustainable Sources.
Multi-pack (MP) (Synonym 'cases' or 'secondary packaging') Refers to packaging designed to contain
packaging several consumer packages. The purpose of a multi-pack is to avoid single item handling
in the supply chain and adapt the quantity to the forecasted sales.
Multi-pack labels Multi-pack labels are carrying logistical information and identifying the articles in the
case. These labels have been replaced by the MDQ label.
Multi-package Multi-package item contains several consumer packages belonging to one article. By
item splitting the product into several packages, the handling will be easier due to lower
weight and/or less bulkiness.
Oversize The measurements of a unit load where the products have dimensions larger than
standard gross measurements.
Packaging Packaging shall mean all products made of any materials of any nature to be used for the
containment, protection, handling, delivery, and presentation of goods, from raw
materials to processed goods, from the producer to the user or the consumer. (Definition
according to EU packaging and packaging waste Directive 94/62/EC (Consolidated
version) and amended in directive 2013/2/EU.)

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Term Definition
Packaging A technical drawing of the packaging construction.
Drawing (PD)
Packaging A part of the IKEA product documentation that contains information about the packaging
Requirement solution and packaging parts. It describes the required laying pattern of product and
packaging parts and materials in consumer package(s), cases, and unit load(s).
Packaging solution Packaging solution is a minimum delivery unit including handling materials, cases,
consumer packaging, all other packaging parts, and material and connected
documentation.
Parcel packaging Packaging used to facilitate distribution of one or several consumer packages to one
receiver (that is, Customer Distribution Centre (CDC) operations, e-commerce) in the
parcel operation. Parcel packaging is considered to be transport packaging.
Plastic bag A plastic bag is a structure of plastic film closed on at least 3 sides.
Printing original At IKEA, the print original for consumer packaging intended for home furnishing
accessories is called a “packaging original”.
Ready-To-Sell (RTS) The product can be sold without any single-item-handling just by removing the transport
packaging solution packaging.
Recycling / Recycling means the reprocessing of packaging waste materials for the original purpose
recyclability or for other purposes including organic recycling but excluding energy recovery.
Release liner A release liner is a paper or plastic-based film sheet (usually applied during the
manufacturing process) used to prevent a sticky surface from prematurely adhering.
Required DWP The screen in the DWP-application where the Packaging Solution Engineer defines the
DWP-information for an item.
Reuse Reuse means any operation by which packaging, which has been designed to accomplish
within its lifecycle a minimum number of trips, is refilled, or used for the same purpose
with or without reconditioning/repair.
Service packaging Service packaging refers to all packaging materials provided at point of sale in order to
carry products or multiple products as a help to the customer. For example, wrapping
paper, carrier bags, and so on.
Shock absorbing A shock absorbing filler is a material added inside the package. The material shall have a
filler cushioning effect, that is, corrugated board, honeycomb or similar.
Single item / Single There is only one consumer package (for example, corrugated board box or shrink film
package package) consisting of one main element (for example, door, kitchen front, candle,
picture frame, mattress, carpet, lamp, textile items).
Stabilizing sheets A sheet placed between layers of packages (CP/MP) on a unit load. The sheet shall keep
stacked goods on the unit load together and prevent them from sliding sideways.
Stabilizing sheets are mostly made of paper or corrugated board.
Stacking indication A parameter describing if it is permitted to stack any weight on top. It is defined in
Required DWP as Yes or No.
Standard wooden Three standard types of wooden pallets exist:
pallet  EUR pallet (1200 x 800 x 150 mm)
 IKEA pallet (2000 x 800 x 150 mm)
 HALF pallet (600 x 800 x 150 mm)
Storage unit A storage unit contains multiple modules stacked together to fill a storage location in a
warehouse.
Store facing Side facing the customer in the store.

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Term Definition
Strand board A one-way wooden based pallet with wooden feet.
pallet
The Green Dot The Green Dot is a symbol that shows that IKEA is part of the collection and recycling
systems for used consumer packaging. These systems shall ensure that IKEA packages
are systematically collected, sorted, and distributed for recycling.
Top filling solution A logistical methodology to maximise the utilisation of transport capacity by splitting a
unit load horizontally This allows to fill empty space on top of a load in a truck or
container.
Transport Transport packaging (secondary/tertiary packaging) refers to all packaging material used
packaging to protect and facilitate handling during transportation of consumer packages or cases.
Transport stability The maximum horizontal acceleration that a package or handling unit can withstand
level (TSL) without exceeding the specified permanent deformation or displacement.
At IKEA 'TSL' is verified by performing the 27-degree test, IOS-TM-0044.
Unit load Unit load is a manageable unit consisting of one or several consumer packages or several
cases, fixated to a handling material, designed to fit supply chain and storage facilities.
Unit load label A label to track goods during supply chain, described in IOS-PRG-0019.
(ULL)
Unit load short- A vertical protection sheet, covering the short ends of the unit load. The sides of the
end protection sheet are folded and embracing the unit load corners.
Unit load stacking Defines the maximum weight (in kg) that can be stacked on top of the unit load.
capacity
Unit load type A/AL A type that is developed for logistic purpose, where combinations of consumer packs,
cases and RTS can be used.
Unit load type A type that is developed to fit the sales locations and store equipment, where RTS is used.
B/BL
Unit load type A type that is developed for logistic purposes, for consumer packages with a length
D/DL exceeding 1600 mm.

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9 References
Table 32: References
Reference Name
94/62/EC European Parliament and Council Directive on packaging and packaging waste
AA-XXXXXX Internal IKEA codification number
DIN 6120 Marking of packaging and packaging materials – Plastic packaging materials.
EN 120 Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde content - Extraction method
called the perforator method
EN 300 Oriented strand boards (OSB) definitions classification and specifications
EN 312 Particleboards specifications
EN 622-2 Fibreboards specifications part-2 requirements for hardboards
EN 622-5 Fibreboards specifications - Part 5: Requirements for dry process boards (MDF)
EN 636 Plywood specifications
EN 717-1 Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 1: Formaldehyde
emission by the chamber method
EN 717-2 Wood-based panels - Determination of formaldehyde release - Part 2: Formaldehyde
release by the gas analysis method
FSC CoC standard FSC Standard for Chain of Custody Certification
FSC-STD-40-004 V2-1 EN
IOS-MAT-0010 Chemical compounds and substances
IOS-P-0014 Chemical requirements, paper-based packaging materials, including printing inks and
adhesives
IOS-PRG-0019 Requirements for labels
IPPC International Plant Protection Convention
ISO/TR 18568:2021(E) Packaging and the environment — Marking for material identification, ISO/TR
18568:2021(E)
ISO 1043-1 Plastics - Symbols and abbreviated terms - Part 1: Basic polymers and their special
characteristics
ISO 2759 Board - Determination of bursting strength
ISO 2768 General tolerances - Part 1: Tolerances for linear and angular dimensions without
individual tolerance indications
ISO 29862 Self-adhesive tapes - Determination of peel adhesion properties
ISO 29863 Self-adhesive tapes - Measurement of static shear adhesion
ISO 3034 Corrugated fibreboard - Determination of thickness
ISO 3035 Single-faced and single-wall corrugated fibreboard - Determination of flat crush
resistance
ISO 3037 Corrugated fibreboard - Determination of edgewise crush resistance (unwaxed edge
method)
ISO 535 Paper and board -- Determination of water absorptiveness -- Cobb method
ISO 5628 Paper and board - Determination of bending stiffness by static methods -- General
principles
ISPM 15 International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures
Regulation of wood packaging material in international trade
UN model regulation UN Recommendations on the TRANSPORT OF DANGEROUS GOODS, vol 1+2, 21st
edition, 2019

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10 Summary of changes in version 24

Significant changes are marked with a line in the left-hand margin. A double line to the left of a heading
means that a new section has been added or that the vast majority of the content in the section has been
changed. Minor editorial changes are not change marked.

Table 33: Updates and additions in version 24

Page Section Requirement Change
All All - General terminology alignment towards the
common term 'IKEA supplier'.
The term 'supplier' is changed to 'IKEA supplier'
where applicable.
All All - General terminology alignment towards the
common term 'case'.
The term 'multi-pack' is changed to 'case' where
applicable.
All All - General terminology alignment towards the
common term 'IKEA product documentation'.
The term 'packaging documentation' is changed to
'IKEA product documentation' where applicable.
All All - General terminology alignment towards the
common term 'handling material'.
The term 'low handling material' is changed to
'handling material' where applicable.
2 Planned future Planned future changes The information about phase out of plastic in IKEA
changes packaging applications is moved from section 2.3
to this new introduced section.

Requirement concerning the use of plastic material

in IKEA packaging solutions is updated and
clarified.
29 5 - The structure in section 5 is changed. All unit load
requirements now appear in sequence, followed by
the handling material requirements.
7 2.1 Approved paper-based The requirements on coating are changed to apply
materials for all paper-based materials.

This requirement is removed:

" The coating shall not compromise the recyclability
of the substrate."
7 2.1, Table 1 Approved paper-based The scope of paper as packaging material is
materials clarified by including assembly/care instructions,
wrapping paper, and paper bags.
8 2.2, Table 2 Approved wood-based The formaldehyde requirements are changed.
materials
9 2.3 Approved plastic materials Requirement statement about the term Polyolefin
(POF) is moved here from section 3.4.
9 2.3, Table 3 Approved plastic materials HFC is not to be used in foam blowing.

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10 2.5, Table 5 Approved textile materials The maximum limits for formaldehyde are changed
from 300 ppm to 75 ppm.
10 2.5, Table 5 Approved textile materials Change of scope for approved textile materials to
cover other natural fibers.
12 3.2 Adhesive tape properties ISO 29862 and ISO 29863 added to the footnotes as
equivalent standards to AFERA 5001 and AFERA
5012, respectively.
13 3.3.1 Corrugated board properties New requirement, clarifying who to perform the
actual CB-test.
17 3.4.1 Shrink film properties Requirement on colour restriction for shrink film is
added.
18 3.4.2, Table 14 Stretch film properties The colour for stretch film with vertical wrapping is
changed from 'Semi-transparent' to 'No'.
21 4.2 Marking standard for The minimum size for symbol height is changed
identification of packaging from 10 mm to 6 mm.
materials
21 4.2 Marking standard for Application by labelling is allowed in case of
identification of packaging repairs.
materials
22 4.4 The Green Dot This section is revised. The Green Dot symbol is not
allowed to be applied anymore. A requirement for
removal of the symbol from all packages is added.

A deadline date for Green Dot removal is added.

23 4.5 Marking standard for Japan The information structure in this section is revised.
23 4.5 Marking standard for Japan Requirement on application by labelling is updated.
24 4.6 Marking of corrugated board Requirement on application by labelling is updated.
quality
25 4.7 Marking of load bearer, top Requirement on application by labelling is updated.
protection sheets, and paper
pallet feet
26 4.8 Marking of corrugated board Requirement on application by labelling is updated.
packaging construction
26 4.8 Marking of corrugated board The following requirement is removed from the
packaging construction table:
"If the consumer packaging has a printing original,
the marking requirement is only valid and
mandatory if the drawing number (AA-XXXXXX-X) is
stated on the printing original."

and replaced with:

"Marking requirements for corrugated board
packaging construction are only applicable if there
is no printing original. "
30 5.3.2 Corner protection Exception is added for Ready-To-Sell (RTS)
packaging solutions where all corners of the unit
load are fully covered by minimum IKEA CB 100.

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31 5.3.3 Unit load fixation New requirement for goods fixation is added.
32 5.4 Goods unitization New requirement added for unitizing goods on a
shipping platform.
32 5.4.1 Unit load types Tolerances for unit load external dimensions is
added.
32 5.4.1 Unit load types New UL-height optimization requirement is added.
32 5.4.1 Unit load types The max gross length for unit load type BL is
changed to 890 mm (was previously 900 mm).
32 5.4.1 Unit load types The max gross width for unit load type BL is
changed to 680 mm (was previously 800 mm).
35 5.4.3.2 Length and side filling solution Length and side filling is not allowed. All other
previous requirements on this topic are removed.
37 5.4.5, Table 28 Unit load stability Information regarding TSL (Transport Stability
Level) is added.

TSL 3 corresponds to the fact that a unit load fulfils

the requirement of 27°. This is a new attribute in
DWP and must be filled in by the IKEA supplier.
38 5.5 Dangerous goods Clarification is added regarding which regulation
shall be followed.
39 5.6 Handling material Section name is changed from "Low handling
material" to "Handling material".
39 5.6.1 Paper pallet Clarifying text which indicates IKEA preference on
paper pallet feet is added.
40 5.6.1, Table 29 Paper pallet Shear strength for HC 90 x 90 x 52 mm is changed
to ≥ 13 (was previously ≥ 20).
40 5.6.1, Table 29 Paper pallet The height for paper pallet feet honeycomb is
changed to 52 mm (was previously 50 mm).
42 5.6.2, Feet pattern The hatch zone requirements for unit load types
Figure 21 are updated.
45 5.6.3 Load bearer (LB) Double-sided tape option for LB tray construction is
added.
45 5.6.3 Load bearer (LB) The requirement on height of the tray is clarified.
45 5.6.3 Load bearer (LB) New requirement added for allowed maximum
deviation of unit load when a load bearer tray is
used.
45 5.6.3 Load bearer (LB) New requirement clarifying how tolerances shall be
calculated.
50 8 - Definition for 'banderol' is added.
50 8 - The term 'IKEA product documentation' is added.
50 8 - The term 'case' is added.
50 8 - The term 'TSL' is added.
50 8 - The definition of ' Length or side filling solution' is
rephrased.
54 9 - ISO 29862 standard added.

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Page Section Requirement Change

54 9 - ISO 29863 standard added.
69 A.3.3 IOS-TM-0041: Pallet foot shear Changed to the correct supplier. Was previously
strength test 'corner protector supplier'. 'Feet producer' is also
added.

Load bearer material or feet material as "changed

condition" is added.
71 A.4.1 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking "Solid board" is changed to "rigid board" for
capacity test for transportation clarification regarding equipment used.
76 A.4.3 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability The equipment information is clarified.
test - 10º
76 A.4.3 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability The test method procedure is clarified. Test
test - 10º requirements are added.
76 A.4.3 , Figure 54 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability The figure is adapted to reflect the assessment
test - 10º changes.
76 A.4.3 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability Assessment criteria which specify the maximum
test - 10º displacement of the goods is added (alignment
with the 27-degree test).
78 A.4.4 IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store The equipment information is clarified.
handling test
78 A.4.4 , Figure 55 IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store The figure is updated.
handling test
78 A.4.4 IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store The assessment criteria are updated.
handling test

Table 34: Removed items in version 24

Page Section Requirement Change
17 3.4.1, Table 13 Haze for shrink film The haze requirement is removed.
18 3.4.2, Table 14 Haze for stretch film The haze requirement is removed.
24 4.6, Table 20 Marking of corrugated board The following requirement is redundant and
quality removed from this section since it is already
covered in section 4.7:
"Paper pallet feet made of corrugated board shall
be marked with information about CB-feet-
supplier and production week, but without
corrugated board quality".

45 5.6.3 Load bearer (LB) The requirement on tray colour is removed.

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Appendix A - Test methods

A.1 Package material test methods ...................................................................................................... 60
A.1.1 IOS-TM-0033: Shrink film puncture test ................................................................................. 60
A.1.2 IOS-TM-0043: Corner protection puncture test ..................................................................... 62
A.2 Consumer package test methods ................................................................................................... 63
A.2.1 IOS-TM-0036 Part A: Consumer package rotation test ........................................................ 63
A.2.2 IOS-TM-0036 Part B: Consumer package drop test ............................................................... 64
A.3 Handling material test methods .................................................................................................... 66
A.3.1 IOS-TM-0038: Load bearer sheet deflection test ................................................................... 66
A.3.2 IOS-TM-0039: Pallet foot compression test ........................................................................... 68
A.3.3 IOS-TM-0041: Pallet foot shear strength test ........................................................................ 69
A.4 Unit load test methods ..................................................................................................................... 71
A.4.1 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for transportation ...................................... 71
A.4.2 IOS-TM-0044: Unit load stability test - 27º ..............................................................................73
A.4.3 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability test - 10º ............................................................................. 76
A.4.4 IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store handling test .......................................................................... 78

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A.1 Package material test methods

A.1.1 IOS-TM-0033: Shrink film puncture test

Frequency
Each shipment of packaging shall be tested at reception and the result documented. The inspection
frequency can be reduced based on a documented performance of the packaging supplier.

The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 Change of shrink film supplier.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Equipment
 Five shrink film samples per test.
 Shrink film test equipment (see Figure 30):
o Level plate according to AA-565877.
o Cylinder with ring according to AA-1784820.
o Puncture stick according to AA-565875.

1. Level plate
2. Cylinder with ring
3. Puncture stick

Figure 30: Shrink film test equipment

Note: The puncture stick has different ends in order to perform the test. The smooth end is used for
puncture thumb, while the sharp end is used for puncture sharp.

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Procedure
1. Place the cylinder with the ring on a rigid surface.
2. Insert the level plate into the level to be tested according to Figure 31.
3. Apply the shrink film. The shrink film shall be sealed properly, that is, without any openings.
4. Apply heat to shrink the film tightly.
5. Push the puncture stick in a vertical direction towards the level plate, see Figure 32.
6. Repeat the test with the other side of the puncture stick.
7. Repeat the test for all samples.

Figure 31: Insertion of level plate Figure 32: Puncture test procedure

Assessment
If the puncture stick reaches the level plate on all samples before the film punctures, the film is approved
according to the shrink film quality requirement, see Table 13.

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A.1.2 IOS-TM-0043: Corner protection puncture test

Frequency
Each shipment of packaging shall be tested at reception and the result documented. The inspection
frequency can be reduced based on a documented performance of the packaging supplier.

The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 Change of corner protection supplier.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Equipment
 10 corner protection samples.
 Test equipment:
o Puncture stick with a tip according to AA-565943.
o Steel pipe according to AA-565942.
 Corrugated board sheet (min. thickness 7 mm).

Procedure
1. Place the corrugated board sheet under the test sample.
2. Place the steel pipe on the sample.
3. Place the puncture stick inside the steel pipe so that the tip is 700 mm above the test sample.
4. Drop the puncture stick from 700 mm height, see Figure 33.
5. Repeat the test for all 10 samples.

Figure 33: Test procedure

Assessment
The test has failed if the whole 6 mm tip has penetrated into the corner protection for any of the test
samples, see Figure 34 and Figure 35.

Figure 34: Example of passed test Figure 35: Example of failed test
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A.2 Consumer package test methods

A.2.1 IOS-TM-0036 Part A: Consumer package rotation test

This test is only applicable for:
 Products with a closed consumer package.
 Products which are not subject of IKEA supplier’s leakage tests.
 Products which do not contain any kind of gas or liquids.

Test sequence
This test shall be performed after the unit load testing, see section A.4 Unit load test methods.

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 New, changed, or updated packaging solution (for example, material, dimension, or construction).
 Change in process parameters (for example new equipment).
 Change of packaging material supplier.
 Failed test on material or components for the consumer package.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Equipment
 Three consumer packages picked from the bottom of the tested unit load.
 Measure tape.

The test shall be made by:

 One person if the package weight is < 25 kg.
 Two persons if the package weight is ≥ 25 kg.

The test shall be conducted on a hard and solid (concrete) floor.

Procedure
1. Rotate the package along the length of the package until it is back to its original position. Follow
the label for indication, see Figure 36.
2. After each movement let the end of the package fall down approximately 50 mm in height, see
Figure 37.
3. Repeat the procedure for the top and side of the package (see Figure 38 and Figure 39).
4. Repeat the test for all three samples.

Figure 36: Rotation along the length of the package Figure 37: Release the package from 50 mm height

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Figure 38: Rotation along the top of the package Figure 39: Rotation along the side of the package

Assessment
The test has passed when the following is fulfilled:
 All product parts/components included in the package are undamaged.
 The closing of the package is intact.
 All product parts or packaging parts have remained in the original location stated in the Packaging
Requirement.

A.2.2 IOS-TM-0036 Part B: Consumer package drop test

This test is only applicable for:
 Products with a closed consumer package.
 Products which are not subject of IKEA supplier’s leakage tests.
 Products which do not contain any kind of gas or liquids.

Test sequence
This test shall be performed after the unit load testing. For the unit load test sequence, see section A.4 Unit
load test methods.

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 New, changed, or updated packaging solution (for example, material, dimension, or construction).
 Change in process parameters (for example new equipment).
 Change of packaging material supplier.
 Failed test on material or components for the consumer package.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Drop test
This test is only applicable if a shock absorber is required in the Packaging Requirement unless other more
stringent requirements are stated.

Procedure
Lift up the package to 250 mm above floor level, with the side that shall be tested facing down. No precise
angle is required. The sides that have shock absorbing fillers shall face the floor. Drop the package on the
floor. See Figure 40.

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Figure 40: Drop test

Assessment
The test has passed when the following is fulfilled:
 All product parts/components included in the package are undamaged.
 The mechanical or electrical functionality of the product is not compromised in any way.
 All product parts or packaging parts are remaining in the original location stated in the IKEA
product documentation.

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A.3 Handling material test methods

A.3.1 IOS-TM-0038: Load bearer sheet deflection test

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 Change of packaging material supplier.

Minimum test frequency: test shall be renewed within 12 months.

Environment
Test in an IKEA approved laboratory.

If IKEA Components purchases the packaging material from Nominated Packaging Suppliers (NPS), it is not
mandatory for the IKEA supplier to perform the test.

Equipment
 10 samples (100x450 mm).
 Fixture support (height 50 mm), for example, a paper pallet foot or another lightweight block.
 Static load.
 Load applicator (90x180 mm), for example, a paper pallet foot or another lightweight block.
 The total weight of the static load excluding load applicator shall be according to Table 35. For the
test set up, see Figure 41.

Table 35: Test load for LB qualities (grades)

IKEA code Test load10 (kg)
IKEA LB 05 1
IKEA LB 10 3
IKEA LB 20 6
IKEA LB 30 10
IKEA LB 40 15
IKEA LB 50 20

Figure 41: Deflection test setup; front view

10
Describes the weights used during deflection test to verify the LB quality.

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Preparation
All test samples shall be pre-conditioned for 24 hours before testing in the following conditions:
 Relative humidity: 50% ± 5%
 Temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C

These conditions shall also continue for the duration of the test.

The test samples shall have a maximum of 3 mm bend on 400 mm length and no twisting before testing,
see Figure 42 and Figure 43 for examples.

Figure 42: Example of bending sample Figure 43: Example of twisting sample

Procedure
1. Use the fixture support as support for the sample to be tested. The distance between the
supporting blocks shall be 300 mm, see Figure 44.
2. When testing the corrugated board, put the test sample on the supporting blocks with the lowest
flute facing downwards.
3. Measure the distance between the load bearer and the table.
4. Place the static load in the middle of the test sample. Use a load applicator in order to distribute
the load.
5. Wait 10 minutes.
6. Measure the deflection (Δ H), see Figure 44.
7. Perform the deflection test on five samples in the machine direction (MD) and five samples in the
cross-machine direction (CD).
8. Note the deflection of each sample.
9. Calculate the average value in each direction.

Figure 44: Deflection of load bearer

Assessment
 The average value shall be according to the load bearer deflection requirement, see Table 11. To
calculate the deflection: (Average of MD + Average of CD) / 2
 For final verification of a unit load solution, the assessment section in A.4.1 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load
stacking capacity test for transportation shall be used.

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A.3.2 IOS-TM-0039: Pallet foot compression test

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 Change of packaging material supplier.

Minimum test frequency: test shall be renewed within 12 months.

Environment
Test in an IKEA approved laboratory.

Equipment
 Compression testing machine.
 10 pallet feet samples.

Preparation
All test samples shall be pre-conditioned for 24 hours before testing with the following conditions:
 Relative humidity: 50% ± 5%
 Temperature: 23 °C ± 2 °C

These conditions shall also continue throughout the duration of the test.

Procedure
1. Place the test sample on a flat, hard, rigid, and horizontal surface according to Figure 45. The test
sample shall be oriented in the centre of the compression table to minimize deviations in test
results.
2. Run the compression testing machine with a constant speed of 10 mm/min, and measure the
maximum force that is reached before the deformation reaches 5 mm.
3. Repeat the test for all ten samples.
4. Note the reached compression force for each sample.
5. Calculate the average for all ten samples.

Figure 45: Paper pallet foot compression test procedure

Assessment
The average value shall be according to the paper pallet foot compression requirement, see Table 29.

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A.3.3 IOS-TM-0041: Pallet foot shear strength test

If the packaging material is purchased by IKEA Components from nominated packaging suppliers (NPS), it
is not mandatory for the IKEA supplier to perform the test.

Frequency
 Each shipment of packaging shall be tested at reception and the result documented. The inspection
frequency can be reduced based on a documented performance of the packaging supplier.
 Minimum one pallet shall be tested and minimum 3 feet of each size.

The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 Change of paper pallet supplier, load bearer supplier, or feet producer.
 Change of load bearer material or feet material.

Environment
Test shall be done at the facility where the feet are attached to the load bearer. This can be the IKEA
supplier or the pallet feet manufacturer. The purpose of this test is to secure the glue joint between the
feet and the load bearer.

Optional: The test can also be done at IKEA supplier as receiving inspection test for completed paper
pallets.

Equipment
 One pallet with glued feet.
 Torque wrench.
 Foot fixture:
o 90x180 mm, according to AA-565956
o 90x90 mm, according to AA-567784
o 90x140 mm, according to AA-1226622

For test equipment, see Figure 46.

Figure 46: Pallet shear strength test equipment

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Note: Since there are tolerances on both the fixture and the foot itself, use a small metal plate if needed in
order to fill up the gap between the foot and the fixture. The gap shall be a maximum 1 mm in total, see
Figure 47.

Figure 47: Feet and fixture with gap of maximum 1 mm.

Procedure
1. Firmly fix the paper pallet on top of a rigid table.
2. Place the foot fixture around one foot.
3. Use the torque wrench in order to apply a shear force to the foot. Slowly increase the momentum
of the torque wrench until it has reached the values according to the requirement in Table 29.
4. During rotation, the handle of the torque wrench shall be kept parallel with the surface level of the
supporting table.
5. For the 90x90 HC foot: Due to the shape (length vs width ratio is 1:1) foot’s corners might get
destroyed and the foot gets a round shape. If this happens different value limits shall be applied
(see assessment).
6. Register the result of each test by indicating the torque (Nm) reached.

Assessment
 CB foot (all sizes): the test is passed if all tested feet remain fixed on the load bearer after testing,
even if defects on the feet occurs.
 HC foot (all sizes): the test is passed if the liner of the tested foot is fully attached to the load
bearer after testing, even if defects on the foot occurs.
 For the 90x90 HC foot: In case corners get destroyed but the liner of the tested foot is fully
attached to the load bearer the test is passed if the minimum torque of 13 Nm is reached.
 If the test fails, describe the failure in the test report.

Note: For the HC foot, the bonding between foot liner and HC core is secured at NPS and not subject of
this test requirement.

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A.4 Unit load test methods

Unit load test sequence
1. IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for transportation
2. IOS-TM-0044: Unit load stability test - 27º
3. IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability test - 10º
4. IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store handling test

If the IKEA supplier has the same article in different colours, using the same packaging solution and the
same packaging supplier and batch, it is allowed to test one colour and then assume that the other colours
will have the same result.

Applicability
See section 5.4.5, Table 28.

A.4.1 IOS-TM-0042: Unit load stacking capacity test for transportation

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 New, changed, or updated packaging solution (for example, material, dimension, or construction).
 Change in process parameters (for example new equipment).
 Change of packaging material supplier.
 Failed test on material or components for the consumer package.

Note: This test is only valid for unit loads with stacking indication = Yes in Required DWP.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Equipment
 One unit load.
 One handling material (with the same construction as used for the unit load).
 Rigid board (for example particle board) covering the complete top surface of the unit load.
 Weights according to Table 36.
 Standard handling equipment (forklift trucks).

The unit load shall be compliant to all given requirements before testing.

Table 36: Stacking capacity test weight

Stacking capacity (kg) Required weight for the test (kg)
Stacking capacity = Defined max. weight (kg) on top of 1.511 x stacking capacity
the unit load, set by the IKEA supplier.

Note: The rigid board is not considered from a weight perspective.

11
1,5 is the safety margin.

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Test sequence
1. Test according to required stacking capacity according to the stacking height requirement.
2. If step 1:
o Is OK: Test according to estimated maximum stacking capacity (defined by the IKEA
supplier).
o Is not OK: Test according to estimated lower stacking capacity (defined by the IKEA supplier).

Procedure
1. Place the unit load as described in Figure 48. The weight has to be evenly spread out over the rigid
board.
2. Place it in a warehouse environment on a solid floor or similar for 72 hours.
3. After 72 hours, evaluate the unit load against the requirements.

Rigid board (for example particle board)

Figure 48: Procedure for stacking capacity test

Assessment
 No damage to the product is allowed.
 No damage to any part of the primary packaging (consumer packaging) is allowed. Minor defects
to secondary and tertiary packaging are allowed as long as the Neat & Clean requirements in
section 6.1.2 are fulfilled.
 No shifting of the product and packaging content in the consumer package is allowed.
 No effects that result in non-compliance with any other Packaging Requirement is allowed.
 The minimum fork entry height of 45 mm is still fulfilled for unit loads standing on the floor or
stacked on other unit loads.

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A.4.2 IOS-TM-0044: Unit load stability test - 27º

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 New, changed, or updated packaging solution (for example, material, dimension, or construction).
 Change in process parameters (for example new equipment).
 Change of packaging material supplier.
 Failed test on material or components for the consumer package.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Equipment
 Unit load with goods fixation and top protection
 Forklift or tilting platform

If the unit load is placed on a paper pallet at the bottom, the unit load shall be placed on a pallet support to
avoid damages on the pallet. The pallet support shall be equipped with blocking devices that have a height
between 25-50 mm to prevent the pallet from sliding, see Figure 49.

Since the paper pallet feet performance is not in the scope of this test, it is acceptable that the paper pallet
feet get slightly damaged during the test.

Preparation
Calculate the minimum height (H) to reach for the length and width side when tilting the unit load 27° with
the following formula:
 H = length of the side x 0.454

Examples:
 The length of the unit load is 1200 mm. H = 1200 x 0.454 = 545 mm
 The width of the unit load is 800 mm. H = 800 x 0.454 = 363 mm

If a pallet support is used, the calculation above shall be adjusted according to the length and width of the
supporting pallet.

Figure 49: Unit load in a tilted position

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Procedure
 All tests require both length and width testing.
 Tests shall be performed for each direction three times with the same unit load and thereafter
measured.
 During the complete test procedure, no adjustment is allowed. The tilting shall last for at least 5
seconds.

Note: If the unit load is tilting over before reaching 27°, the test procedure shall be continued. In this case,
the unit load shall be supported by hand or mechanically to determine if the load slides or not. It is
important to consider the safety of the operator during this part of the test.

Figure 50: Unit load 27° test setup

60mm 60mm
m m

Figure 51: Unit load stability test with paper pallet

Figure 52: Top protection friction test, top protection sheet placed between pallets

The procedure for Figure 52 shall only be applicable when the top protection is not made of paper-based
material.
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Assessment
 Test pass according to requirements in Table 28.
 The permanent deformation or displacement of the unit load on the pallet or within the unit load
from the original position after the test shall be less than 60 mm in any horizontal direction.

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A.4.3 IOS-TM-0045: Unit load stability test - 10º

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 New, changed, or updated packaging solution (for example, material, dimension, or construction).
 Change in process parameters (for example new equipment).
 Change of packaging material supplier.
 Failed test on material or components for the consumer package.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Equipment
 Unit load without goods fixation (see fixation methods in section 5.3.3) and without corner and top
protection.
 Forklift or tilting platform.
 Pallet support with blocking device (prevent sliding of the unit load).

If the unit load is placed on the bottom of a paper pallet, the unit load shall be put in place with a pallet
support to avoid damage to the paper pallet. The pallet support (platform) shall be provided with a
blocking device to prevent the pallet from sliding off the platform, see Figure 53.

Preparation
Calculate the minimum height (H) to reach for the length and width side when tilting the unit load 10° with
the following formula:
 H = length of unit load x 0.174

Examples:
 A unit load with a length of 1200 mm. H = 1200 x 0.174 = 209 mm
 A unit load with a width of 800 mm. H = 800 x 0.174 = 139 mm

If a pallet support is used, the calculation above shall be adjusted according to the length and width of the
supporting pallet. If the unit load is placed on a paper pallet at the bottom, the unit load shall be placed on
a pallet support to avoid damages on the pallet. The pallet support shall be equipped with blocking devices
that have a height between 25-50 mm to prevent the pallet from sliding, see Figure 53.

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Procedure
 All tests require both length and width testing.
 Tests shall be performed for each direction once with the same unit load.
 Tilt the unit load in an angle of 10 degrees.
 The tilting shall last for at least 5 seconds.

Figure 53: Unit load 10° test setup

Figure 54: Unit load in an angle of 10° without goods fixation

Assessment
 Test pass according to requirements in Table 28.
 The permanent deformation or displacement of the unit load on the pallet or within the unit load
from the original position after the test shall be less than 60 mm in any horizontal direction.

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A.4.4 IOS-TM-0046: Unit load store handling test

Frequency
The test shall always be carried out whenever there is a change in any of the following conditions:
 New, changed, or updated packaging solution (for example, material, dimension, or construction).
 Change in process parameters (for example new equipment).
 Change of packaging material supplier.
 Failed test on material or components for the consumer package.

Environment
Test at an IKEA supplier.

Equipment
 Unit load without goods fixation (see fixation methods in section 5.3.3) and without corner and top
protection.
 Standard forklift or hand-jack, with measurement 520 mm for pallet-jack or 280 mm for monofork.

Procedure
1. Pick up the unit load from short side and lift above the ground (no part of unit load and handling
material shall touch the floor)
2. Move the pallet 3 meters, then lower it down on the floor.
3. Observe the result. Repeat the procedure for the long side.

Max 40 mm
displacement

Figure 55: Example of possible pallet behaviour during the test and how it may look after the test

Assessment
 Test pass according to requirements in Table 28.
 The unit load shall come back to initial shape.
 The displacement of the unit load on the pallet or within the unit load from the original position
after the test shall be less than 40 mm in any horizontal direction.

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Appendix B - Paper pallet standards

The documents that support the standardisation are the paper pallet standard size conversion tool, the
application form, and the sample order, which are found in the Supplier Portal.

The standard sizes are provided by NPS in agreement with IKEA Components at optimal cost. The paper
pallet standard is applicable for nominated packaging supplier (NPS) and non NPS. If the standard solution
does not work for certain cases, the IKEA supplier can order special sizes outside the standard. The
dimension value for tray shall be in mm and shall end with 0 or 5.

Note: The length is always the longest measure of the paper pallet and the unit load.

Table 37: Plain sheet standard lengths

Plain sheet standard lengths (mm)
2390 2000 1590 1210 1070 630
2350 1990 1550 1200 1030 620
2310 1950 1510 1190 990 610
2270 1910 1470 1180 950 600
2230 1840 1430 1170 910 590
2190 1830 1390 1160 870 550
2150 1790 1350 1150 830 -
2110 1750 1310 1140 790 -
2070 1710 1270 1130 750 -
2030 1670 1230 1120 720 -
2010 1630 1220 1110 670 -

Table 38: Plain sheet standard widths

Plain sheet standard widths (mm)
990 810 750 630 510
950 800 740 590 500
910 790 730 580 -
870 780 720 550 -
830 770 690 540 -
820 760 670 530 -

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Appendix C - General tolerances packaging construction

Tolerance standard for packaging construction parts such as boxes, fillers, dividers, sheets, and load bearers used in packaging solutions.

Purpose
This standard specifies the tolerance for:
 Packaging Drawings
 Packaging Requirement

Limitations
Some constructions and dimensions (all dimensions are in mm) may result in a variation that exceeds the tolerances stated in Table 39. These construction
tolerances shall always be specified on the Packaging Drawings or in the Packaging Requirement.

Table 39: Standard tolerances extracted from ISO 2768-1

Tolerance class Permissible deviations for basic range (mm)
Designation Description For minimal size From 0,5 up Over 3 up to Over 6 up to Over 30 up Over 120 up Over 400 up Over 1000 up Over 2000 up
below 0,5 mm, to 3 6 30 to 120 to 400 to 1000 to 2000 to 4000
F Fine the deviation ±0,05 ±0,05 ±0,1 ±0,15 ±0,2 ±0,3 ±0,5 -
shall be indicated
M Medium ±0,1 ±0,1 ±0,2 ±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,8 ±1,2 ±2
adjacent to the
C Coarse ±0,2 ±0,3 ±0,5 ±0,8 ±1,2 ±2 ±3 ±4
relevant nominal
V Very coarse size/s. - ±0,5 ±1 ±1,5 ±2,5 ±4 ±6 ±8

When inside dimensions are given, + tolerances are allowed. When outside dimensions are given, only – tolerances are allowed.

Unless otherwise stated, packaging parts exceeding the general tolerances shall not lead to automatic rejection provided that the function of the packaging
parts is not impaired. The tolerance the function allows is often greater than the general tolerance. The function of the part is therefore not always impaired
when the general tolerance is (occasionally) exceeded at any feature of the packaging parts. Exceeding the general tolerance shall lead to a rejection of the
packaging parts only if the function is impaired.

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Appendix D - Tolerance standard for packaging parts

Box construction
 Very coarse (V in Table 39) is to be used if designations are not specified in the Packaging Drawings
or in the Packaging Requirement.
 Box drawing shall always specify the inside dimensions (see Figure 56). For a finished box, the inside
dimensions are critical for a correct fit around the product.
 The length of the box is always the larger of the two dimensions of the open face of a box when the
box is set up for filling.
 The width of the box is the smaller dimension of the open face of a box when the box is set up for
filling.
 The height of the box is the distance perpendicular to the length and width of the box.
 End-opening boxes are measured the same way as the top-opening boxes.

Figure 56: Box construction

Filler
 Very coarse (V in Table 39) is to be used if designations are not specified on the Packaging Drawings
or in the Packaging Requirement.
 Fillers drawing/measurements shall always specify the outside dimensions.
 Dimensions are given in the sequence of length, width, and height (L x W x H).
 When the filler dimensions are given, length is the largest of the three dimensions, width is the
second largest of the three dimensions, and height is the shortest of the three dimensions.

Figure 57: Filler

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Sheet/divider
 Very coarse (V in Table 39) is to be used if designations are not specified on the Packaging Drawings
or in the Packaging Requirement.
 Sheet drawing/measurements shall always specify the outside dimensions.
 When the sheet dimensions are given, length is the larger of the two dimensions and width is the
shorter of the two dimensions.

Figure 58: Sheet/divider

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Appendix E - Neat & Clean assessment for consumer packages

Table 40: Neat & Clean assessment for consumer packages
# Illustration Description of Not acceptable Description of why
compromised (Not acceptable if one or more customers choice is
packaging condition points are valid) influenced
1. The package AND the  Any kind of damage to the Appearance and
products are product itself; even very functionality of product
damaged. small and/or package is affected.
2. The label is damaged.  Label content and/or The item cannot be
barcode on the packaging identified in buying process,
is unreadable barcode readability is
compromised and colour
indication or any other label
content is unreadable.
3. The package is torn.  More than one 2 cm long Surface of package material
tear per m2 packaging is pulled off or ripped off.
material.
 Protective function is
compromised.
 No tear is allowed for
Home Furnishing
Accessories (HFA).
4. The package has  Holes > 3 mm and if the The package surface has
holes. hole/opening is not a been penetrated, leaving
feature of the package product surface or
construction. components visible and
 No holes are allowed for unprotected.
HFA articles.
5. The package is  The shock-absorption The corners of the package
squashed. ability at the squashed area are crushed or squeezed
has been reduced. with force which can also
 The squash area is > 2 cm affect the content inside.
on one of the affected sides The squashed packaging
of the package. material becomes wrinkled,
 No squashed areas are soft, or out of shape.
allowed for HFA articles.
6. The package is  Any marks and scratches The surface of the package is
scratched. longer than 5 cm. damaged by a sharp or
 No scratches longer than 2 pointed object.
cm are allowed for HFA
articles.
7. The package is dirty.  Any kind of dirt on the Visible dust, grease, stains,
package. footprints, production spill
inside or outside of the
package.

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Internal – for the IKEA value chain

 Specification
Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2024-01-29
Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

# Illustration Description of Not acceptable Description of why

compromised (Not acceptable if one or more customers choice is
packaging condition points are valid) influenced
8. The package is wet.  Any extent, even small The package is damp/wet or
indication. affected by extreme humid
conditions or has visible
signs of earlier weather
impact.
9. The package is  One of the consumer The outer dimensions are
swollen. packaging dimensions bigger than the original
(height/width/length) have dimensions. The appearance
increased with +5% of the package is poor.
 The closing (glue/tape)
starts to fail.
10. The package has  All graphical elements, Packaging surface shows
graffiti on it. markings or labels not scribbles, marks, signs,
required/authorised by labels, or any other graphical
IKEA element.
11. The package edges  Any size Press marks, tears or holes
are affected by straps caused by straps or
or transport belts. transport belts with
increased risk of concealed
damages. The package has
been cut through and/or CB-
fluting at the package edges
is compressed or crushed.
12. The package has  The containing product is The surface shows signs of
visible pressure affected. indention.
marks.
13. The closing method of  Any kind of open packages. Tape is coming off, gluing or
the package failed. locking has failed, ripped off
package flaps, welding
(plastic bag) has failed.
14. The package shows  Any size. The package has visible
signs of areas or spots of organic
mould/fungus. contamination (mould or
fungus).
15. The package is visibly On consumer packaging: The visible result of any
repaired.  Any size and any method. activity which tries to recover
the integrity of the package.

16. Cracks on moulded  Any size The moulded packaging part

packaging parts (that Note: Packaging for appliances has broken into several
is, Paper/EPS). is defined as transport pieces after a shock or
packaging. impact.

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Internal – for the IKEA value chain

 Specification
Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2024-01-29
Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

Appendix F - Neat & Clean assessment for transport packages

Table 41: Neat & Clean assessment for transport packages
# Illustration Description of Not acceptable Description of why the
compromised (Not acceptable if one or more transport package cannot
packaging condition points are valid) be forwarded
1. The consumer  Any kind of damage. Appearances and
package AND the functionality of product
products are and/or consumer package is
damaged. affected.
2. The label is damaged.  One or more parts of the The item cannot be
information on the label identified in logistical
are unreadable. process, barcode readability
is compromised, or other
label content is unreadable.
3. The transport  More than one tear per m2 The surface of the transport
package is torn. packaging material. package material is pulled
(Not applicable on  Tear is longer than 15 cm. off or ripped off.
shrink and stretch  The protective function
film) and/or stability of transport
package is compromised.
4. The transport  If consumer packages are The surface of the transport
package has a hole. affected. package has been
(Not applicable on  Stability/integrity of penetrated, leaving
shrink and stretch transport package is consumer packages visible
film) compromised. and unprotected.
5. The transport  The squashed area is larger The transport package is
package is squashed. than 5 cm on each affected crushed or squeezed with
side of the package. force. Consumer packages
 The protective function inside might be affected. The
and/or stability of transport squashed packaging
package is compromised. material becomes wrinkled,
soft, or out of shape.
6. The transport  The protective function The outer surface of the
package is scratched. and/or stability is transport package is
(Not applicable on compromised. damaged by a sharp or
shrink and stretch pointed object.
film)
7. The transport  Dirty surface or packaging Visible dust, grease, stains,
package is dirty. material which affects footprints, production spill
cleanliness of consumer inside or outside of the
packages or products. transport package.
8. The transport  Any extent, even small The unit load/case is
package is wet. indications. damp/wet or affected by
extreme humid conditions or
has visible signs of earlier
weather impact.

© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2024 Page 85 (87)

Internal – for the IKEA value chain

 Specification
Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2024-01-29
Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

# Illustration Description of Not acceptable Description of why the

compromised (Not acceptable if one or more transport package cannot
packaging condition points are valid) be forwarded
9. The transport  Outer dimension The outer dimensions are
package is swollen. (length/width/height) is bigger than the original
bigger than +5% of the dimension. The appearance
original dimension. of the package is poor. The
package cannot be closed.
10. The transport  All graphical elements, Packaging surface shows
package has graffiti markings, or labels not scribbles, marks, signs,
on it. required/authorised by labels, or any other graphical
IKEA which might disturb element.
the unit load/case
identification process.
11. The transport  Any deformation, marks or Press marks, tears, or holes
package is cut or damage to the containing caused by straps or
compressed by the consumer package or transport belts with
strap or transport product. increased risk of concealed
belt.  The protective function is damages to the consumer
compromised. package.
12. The transport  If pressmark causes The surface shows
package has visible deformation, marks, or indentions.
pressure marks. damages to the containing
consumer packages or
products.
13. The closing method of  The protective function Tape is coming off, gluing or
the package failed and/or stability is locking has failed, ripped off
compromised. package flaps, welding
 Containing products are (plastic bag) has failed.
accessible or may fall out
during transport and
handling.
 Re-taping/re-sealing not
possible.
14. The transport  Any size, even small The package has visible
package shows signs indications. areas or spots of organic
of mould/fungus. contamination (mould or
fungus).
15. The transport  Stability of the unit is The repair of the transport
package is visibly compromised after repair. package is not recovering
repaired.  Protective function is the protective function
compromised. and/or disturbs the
For RTS packages, sofas, and shopping experience (RTS
matrasses: packages, sofas/matrasses).
 if the repair is negatively
influencing the shop
environment or buying
decision.

© Inter IKEA Systems B.V. 2004-2024 Page 86 (87)

Internal – for the IKEA value chain

 Specification
Spec. no: IOS-P-0010
Date: 2024-01-29
Version no: AA-171373-24 General Packaging Requirements

# Illustration Description of Not acceptable Description of why the

compromised (Not acceptable if one or more transport package cannot
packaging condition points are valid) be forwarded
16. Cracks on moulded  Parts of the cracked The moulded packaging
packaging parts moulded material are parts are broken into several
missing or not matching. pieces due to compression,
 Parts of moulded material shock, or impact.
> 10 cm.
 The containing product or
packages might be
affected.
 Stabilizing function of
transport packages is
compromised.
 Protecting function is
compromised.

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Internal – for the IKEA value chain