MACHAKOS COUNTY GOVERNMENT

SOCIAL PROTECTION AND EMPOWERMENT POLICY

NOVEMBER, 2024
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
FOREWORD ............................................................................................................. 5
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ........................................................................................ 7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................... 8
Definition of Terms ................................................................................................. 10
List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ..................................................................... 11
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................. 12
1.1. Background........................................................................................................................ 12
1.2. The Case for Social Protection .......................................................................................... 13
1.3. Policy Statement ................................................................................................................ 13
1.4. Rationale for the Policy ..................................................................................................... 13
1.5. Scope of the Policy ............................................................................................................ 14
1.6. Policy Development Process ............................................................................................. 14
1.7. Legal Frameworks on Social Protection ............................................................................ 14
1.7.1. International Legal Framework................................................................................... 14
1.7.2. National Legal Framework ......................................................................................... 16
1.7.3. County Legal Frameworks .......................................................................................... 18
CHAPTER 2: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS ............................................................................ 19
2.1. Introduction to Conceptual Approach to Social Protection ............................................... 19
2.2. The Situation Analysis of Machakos County .................................................................... 19
2.2.1. Poverty and Demographic Nexus ............................................................................... 20
2.2.2. Food Security Challenges ........................................................................................... 21
2.2.3. Access to Health Services and Social Health Index ................................................... 22
2.2.4. Access to Education and Illiteracy Level.................................................................... 23
2.2.5. Geographical placement (livelihoods dependent on land, farming) ........................... 24
2.2.6. Unemployment............................................................................................................ 24
2.2.7. Hygiene and Sanitation ............................................................................................... 24
2.2.8. Gender-Based Violence and Retrogressive Cultural Practices ................................... 24
2.3. The Social Protection System in Machakos County .......................................................... 25
ii. Social Health Protection .................................................................................................. 28
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 iv. Complementary Social Protection ............................................................................... 29
2.4 Challenges .................................................................................................................... 29
CHAPTER 3: POLICY OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES ............................................... 31
3.1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 31
3.2. Vision ................................................................................................................................ 31
3.3. Mission .............................................................................................................................. 31
3.4. Goal ................................................................................................................................... 31
3.5. Policy Objectives - Policy Direction ................................................................................. 31
3.6. Policy Objectives ............................................................................................................... 32
3.6.1. Policy Objective 1 (Income Security): To improve income security for workers and
vulnerable populations across all ages and diversities. ......................................................... 32
3.6.2. Policy Measures: ......................................................................................................... 32
3.6.3. Policy Strategies: ........................................................................................................ 32
3.7. Policy Objective 2 (Social Health Protection): To enhance Universal Health Coverage for
the residents of Machakos County............................................................................................ 33
3.7.1. Policy Measures .......................................................................................................... 33
3.7.2. Policy Strategies: ........................................................................................................ 33
3.8. Policy Objective 3 (Shock-Responsive Social Protection): To cushion vulnerable
populations against risk and shocks.......................................................................................... 34
3.8.1. Policy Measures: ......................................................................................................... 34
3.8.2. Policy Strategies: ........................................................................................................ 34
3.9. Policy Objective 4 (Complementary Social Protection): Initiate transformative programmes
.................................................................................................................................................. 35
CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK .......................................................... 37
4.1. Coordination Mechanisms ................................................................................................. 37
4.2. Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning ...................................................... 39
4.2.1. Monitoring and Evaluation ......................................................................................... 39
4.2.2. Accountability ............................................................................................................. 39
4.2.3. Learning and Knowledge Management ...................................................................... 40
4.3. Delivery Systems for Social Protection ............................................................................. 40
4.4. Communication and Advocacy ......................................................................................... 41
4.4.1. Grievance and Case Management (G&CM) ............................................................... 42
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 4.5. Financing of Social Protection .......................................................................................... 43
4.6. Policy Review .................................................................................................................... 44
4.7. Policy Implementation Framework ................................................................................... 44
Annexures ................................................................................................................ 45
References ................................................................................................................ 51

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FOREWORD
The Machakos County Social Protection Policy has been developed to provide a framework
to guide the design, implementation and oversight of social protection programs in the
County. It is intended to serve as a guiding document and provide a framework for action
for all stakeholders on inclusive participation in socio-economic development. The
collaborative efforts on data and information when processed will inform sound tactical and
strategic social protection interventions for Machakos County.

This Policy will also facilitate a better balance between caregiving and productive work
responsibilities for individuals and households. Achieving this balance is essential for meeting
national and international human welfare standards, including the rights enshrined in the
Constitution of Kenya, the United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), and
international agreements such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which
recognize social protection as a fundamental human right. Additionally, this approach aligns with
the East African Community and African Union commitments to social policy interventions.

Furthermore, the Policy builds upon and enhances existing social protection initiatives, such as
education bursaries, school feeding programs, fee waivers in public health facilities, the Orphans
and Vulnerable Children (OVC) Cash Transfer program, the Older Persons Cash Transfer, enterprise
funds and the Youth Enterprise Fund, among others.

Broadly, the measures outlined in this Policy are aimed at ensuring that all people have the requisite
financial cushions to enable them to maintain a decent standard of living. These include access to
healthcare during and after their active productive ages, income security provided through household
and child benefits that facilitate access to nutrition, education, and healthcare, income security
through social assistance for older persons, people with disabilities, and those in active age groups
who are unable to earn sufficient incomes in the labour market.

Social protection interventions involve a diverse range of stakeholders, including National

Government Ministries and agencies, civil society organizations, the private sector, communities,
households, and other non-state actors. Historically, these entities have often operated in isolation,
which has sometimes diminished their collective impact. Through this Policy, Machakos County

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aims to review and align existing social protection strategies, programs, and activities to promote
synergy, reduce duplication, and minimize conflict and wastage.

This Policy was developed through a process that involved widespread consultations and the
participation of stakeholders, partners and the· public thereby ensuring ownership by all concerned
parties. I, therefore, wish to thank all those who gave their input either individually or through their
organizations and institutions. Special thanks go to our development partners, GAIN for their
technical and financial support during the entire process. I wish to thank the technical working group
and all the stakeholders who worked tirelessly to ensure the Policy was completed on time.

To successfully implement this Policy, substantial resources will be required. Therefore, I urge all
stakeholders to come together in partnership to mobilize these resources. Additionally, it is crucial
that all involved parties actively participate in the design, implementation, monitoring, and
evaluation of the programs inspired by this Policy.

I am delighted that the policy is coming at a time when there is heightened optimism for gender
parity in delivering the County development agenda for achieving Social Pillar Vision 2030 and
Kenya Vision 2030 at large.

It is my pleasure therefore to present this Machakos County Social Protection Policy to the County
Government for implementation.

Sharon Mutua,

County Executive Committee Member

DEPARTMENT OF GENDER, YOUTH, SPORTS AND SOCIAL WELFARE

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
The successful development of the Machakos County Social Protection Policy is the result of the
dedicated efforts of many stakeholders. We extend our heartfelt appreciation to Her Excellency the
Governor for her steadfast support and goodwill throughout this process. Special thanks are due to the
Executive Committee Member for Gender, Youth, Sports and Social Services for his leadership and
guidance in formulating this policy.

We are also deeply grateful to GAIN for their partnership and for providing the essential resources
needed for the successful development of this policy. Our thanks extend to the County Assembly for
their active participation in the validation processes and their support in approving the policy for
implementation.

The County Department of Gender, Youth, Sports, and Social Welfare appreciates the commitment of
the Machakos County Social Protection Technical Working Group. Their time, effort, and valuable
input during the consultative forums have been crucial to this process. Special mention goes to the
Office of the County Attorney for providing legal direction.

We also acknowledge the support of every civil society organization, private sector partner, and the
people of Machakos County. Your contributions have been instrumental. We urge all stakeholders to
remain committed to the implementation of this policy, to protect the most vulnerable and enhance
economic growth in Machakos County.

Bernadette Wavinya Kyany’a.

Chief Officer
DEPARTMENT OF GENDER AND SOCIAL WELFARE

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Social protection in Kenya has a long history, encompassing both non-contributory and contributory
schemes. The 2006 African Union meeting in Livingstone, Zambia, significantly influenced this area,
prompting the Government of Kenya to launch a comprehensive consultative process to develop a
national social protection framework. Through this process, the Government has identified several key
actions in the realms of social assistance, social security, and health insurance.

The Constitution of Kenya contains a comprehensive Bill of Rights. Article 43 guarantees all Kenyans
their economic, social, and cultural (ESC) rights. It asserts the "right for every person ... to social
security and binds the State to provide appropriate social security to persons who are unable to support
themselves and their dependents." This right is closely linked to other social protection rights,
including the right to healthcare, human dignity, reasonable working conditions, and access to justice.
Article 21 establishes the progressive realization of social and economic rights and obligates the State
to "observe, respect, protect, promote, and fulfil the rights and fundamental freedoms in the Bill of
Rights.

The Constitution of Kenya created a two-tier structure of Government which is composed of the
National and County levels of Government. It outlines the collaborative roles of National and County
Governments as detailed in Schedule Six (VI). The County Governments are at the core of the devolved
system of Government. Article 176 (1) of the Constitution provides for the establishment of a County
Government for each County, each of which consists of a County Assembly and a County Executive.
Machakos County is one of the forty-seven (47) Counties in the Country anchored on the Constitution
of Kenya 2010, under Article 176 (1) and Schedule 1, which codes Machakos as County Number 016.
The essential contribution of County Governments in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals
and Kenya Vision 2030 is therefore critical.

The Machakos County Social Protection Policy has been developed through extensive consultations
with a wide range of stakeholders, including both state and non-state actors. This policy provides a
comprehensive framework for the effective implementation and coordination of social protection
initiatives within Machakos County.

The policy focuses on four core interventions (pillars), identified based on the social protection needs
and economic challenges of Machakos County, as gathered through public consultations. These pillars
are:

1) Income Security Social Protection

2) Social Health Protection
3) Shock-Responsive Social Protection
4) Complementary Social Protection

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The policy also integrates cross-cutting themes such as human rights, gender, and disability
mainstreaming across all pillars.

Vision: The policy envisions a county where the community is inclusive, empowered, and dignified,
with the capacity to leverage human potential and available opportunities for social and economic
development.

Objectives:

1) Improve Income Security: Enhance income security for workers and vulnerable populations
across all ages and backgrounds.
2) Enhance Health Coverage: Improve health coverage and access to health services for residents
of Machakos County.
3) Cushion Against Shocks: Protect vulnerable populations from covariate shocks.
4) Enhance Resilience: Strengthen the resilience and well-being of vulnerable
populations/persons in Machakos County.

Policy Structure:

Chapter 1: Provides background on social protection, the rationale behind the policy, the policy
development process, and the legal frameworks governing social protection in Machakos County.

Chapter 2: Delivers a detailed situational analysis of Machakos County, examining the current social
protection system, challenges affecting its effective implementation, and the rationale for the policy.

Chapter 3: Details Machakos County’s strategic focus on social protection, including the vision,
mission, goals, specific objectives, policy direction, and measures. This chapter sets out a framework
to support the implementation of social protection programs through the four core pillars.

Chapter 4: Outlines the policy’s approach to coordination, collaboration, monitoring and evaluation,
accountability, learning, knowledge management, delivery systems, communication and advocacy,
grievance and case management, resource mobilization, and the implementation framework. It
includes an implementation matrix and financial projections to guide resource mobilization and
identify actionable interventions.

The policy will be implemented through a multi-sectoral approach, with the Department of Gender,
Youth, Sports, and Social Welfare serving as the lead coordinating body. Key stakeholders include
National Government line ministries and agencies, the Departments of Agriculture, Health, Education,
and Devolution, as well as Civil Society Organizations, the Private Sector, Faith-Based Organizations,
and Development Partners.

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Definition of Terms
Administrative Costs Any management and administrative expenditure incurred by a
social protection scheme to enable its implementation
Beneficiary Individuals or households receiving benefits at a specific point
in time/during a period. In most cases, beneficiaries are
individuals, although benefits can also be paid to households or
families
Cash transfer Regular and predictable tax-financed payment of money
provided by government or non-government organizations to
individuals, families, or households.
Consumption Measure of expenditure by households on goods and services.
Government The County Government of Machakos.
Inclusive Lifecycle approach A social protection system that provides transfers that address
risks and challenges across the lifecycle, and which are
accessible to citizens across each stage of the life cycle. When a
lifecycle system is inclusive, it is provided to all or most citizens
in each category.
Poverty Line A level of consumption that is determined by governments as
defining poverty. It is used as a monitoring tool by the
government to assess progress in addressing poverty.
Poverty rate The proportion of people in a group or a population with
income under the poverty line at a point in time.
Safety Net Measures to catch those who experience a shock or crisis and
need to access social protection.
Social Assistance These are social protection schemes for those living in poverty
and are financed by national taxation.
Social Insurance schemes These are schemes run or overseen by the government which
include a solidarity principle. Therefore, people contribute
different amounts and, when deciding on the benefit, those who
contribute more, receive a bit less while those who contribute
less, receive a higher benefit, which is subsidized by the higher-
level contributors.
Targeting How individuals are selected as beneficiaries of social protection
schemes.
Vulnerability Complex and multidimensional concepts relating to the
exposure of people to a shock or process linked to their ability to
manage the hazard.

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List of Abbreviations and Acronyms

AGE - Access to Government Procurement Opportunities

AGPO -Access to Government Procurement Opportunities
CIDP - County Integrated Development Plan
EAC -East Africa Community
ECDE - Early Childhood Development and Education
GBV - Gender-Based Violence
GBVRC - Gender-Based Violence Recovery Centre
GDP - Gross Domestic Product
HIV/AIDS - Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
ICESR -International Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
KIDS - Kenya Integrated Household Budget Survey
MIS - Management Information System
MSDEs - Micro Small Medium Enterprises
NDEF -National Drought Emergency Fund
NDMA - National Drought Resistance Authority
NHIF - National Hospital Insurance Fund
NSPP - National Social Protection Policy
NSSF - National Social Security Fund
OVC - Orphans and Vulnerable Children
PWD - Persons with Disability
RBA -Retirement Benefits Authority
SGBV - Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
SDG - Sustainable Development Goal
TB -Tuberculosis
UHC - Universal Health Coverage
VAWG Violence against Women and Girls
WSSD -The World Summit on Social Development

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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background
Social protection is an investment that contributes to inclusive economic development and promotes
pro-poor growth while directly reducing poverty. It not only tackles income insecurity and poverty but
also provides an effective, tangible, and direct means to enhance human development objectives
including better outcomes in nutrition, education, gender equality, equity, and health. Social protection
also cushions persons who are vulnerable to climate-related shocks or other natural and man-induced
disasters.

For this Policy, social protection and empowerment refers to: Policies and actions, including legislative
measures, that enhance the capacity of and opportunities for the poor and vulnerable to improve and
sustain their lives, livelihoods, and welfare. This enables income-earners and their dependants to
maintain a reasonable level of income through decent work, and that ensures access to affordable
healthcare, social security, and social assistance. In Kenya, Social Protection is enshrined in the
Constitution of Kenya under Article 43, which guarantees all Kenyans their economic, social, and
cultural rights, including the right to health, education, food, and decent livelihoods. The
implementation of this Article will ensure that the necessary policies, laws, and programs are put in
place to ensure the social protection of the citizenry.

Further to this, The Kenya Vision 2030 in its social pillar aims to build a just and cohesive society with
social equity in a clean and secure environment and contends that no society can gain social cohesion
if significant sections of the population live in abject poverty. It presents comprehensive social
interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of all Kenyans and Kenyan residents.

The National Social Protection Policy (NSPP, 2024) aims to implement the provisions of the
Constitution and Vision 2030 by providing strategic direction on the implementation of Social
Protection in Kenya with the main goal of providing mechanisms and guidance for tackling poverty
and reducing vulnerabilities.

The Machakos County Vision in its social pillar aims at having an all-inclusive and cohesive society
that enjoys equitable social development in a clean and secure environment. The Vision aims by 2030,
to have in place programs to cushion the vulnerable and the most at-risk populations to build their
capacity to effectively contribute towards sustainable socio-economic development.

Further, as per the County Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2023-2027 over the medium term, the
county government will invest in socio-economic empowerment programs for the youth, women,
persons with disability, the elderly, and all other vulnerable groups. This will be achieved through the
development of the requisite policies, laws, and implementation of programs.

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1.2. The Case for Social Protection
Social Protection is a human right that is guaranteed by the Constitution of Kenya, (2010). For a
Country to achieve social justice, and social and economic development, then there must be a strong
Social Protection system to build resilience and self-reliance in society and among the poor and
vulnerable. It is the mandate of the Machakos County Government to ensure that its residents realize
the enjoyment of all human rights.

The County has a significant number of poor and vulnerable populations due to the following factors;
high poverty rates, food insecurity, gender inequalities, unpredictable weather conditions, weak
market systems, illiteracy, malnutrition, and unemployment.

There is also a considerable number of needy and vulnerable persons such as orphans and vulnerable
children (OVCs), Persons with disabilities (PWDs), elderly, female-headed households, food-insecure
households, street families, unemployed persons of working age (18-60 years), teenage mothers,
people living with HIV, Tuberculosis (TB) and other chronic diseases, widows and marginalized
populations exposes households to poverty and other vulnerabilities that impede on the County’s social
and economic development.

1.3. Policy Statement

This policy endeavors to provide the framework for the implementation of social protection
interventions and strategies in Machakos County. This is to tackle the identified challenges and foster
good working relations with relevant institutions and other stakeholders to effectively achieve the set
objectives. The policy will be hinged into four pillars; Social Health Protection, Income Security,
Shock-Responsive Social Protection and Complementary Social Protection.

1.4. Rationale for the Policy

Social protection programs can be a powerful tool in the battle against poverty and inequality as they
can tackle multiple dimensions of poverty and exclusion in the County. Hence, it is assumed that when
people have access to educational opportunities, quality and affordable health care, adequate and
nutritious food, secure shelter, and basic income security, they will be able to become or remain
productive members of the workforce, or dignified members of society even if they are no longer
active participants in the labour market. This would enable the County to sustainably reduce poverty,
inequality and build social cohesion, and ensure inclusive development.

The County has a significant population who are vulnerable. These include the elderly, orphaned and
vulnerable children (OVCs), people with disability (PWDs), people with chronic illnesses, women-

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headed households, street families, food-insecure households, unemployed youths, and marginalized
populations. The main causes of poverty in the County include acute water shortage, prolonged
drought, underdeveloped infrastructure, overreliance on rain-fed agriculture, limited employment
opportunities, weak market systems, inaccessibility to credit facilities, continued environmental
degradation, prevailing gender inequalities, and poor agricultural practices.

The Government of Machakos County recognizes the importance of cushioning vulnerable groups
against poverty and supporting them to achieve their full potential. The County Social Protection
Policy thus provides a framework to guide the design, implementation, and oversight of social
protection programs in the County. It is intended to serve as a guiding document and provide a
framework for action for all stakeholders on inclusive participation in socio-economic development.

The overarching goal of social protection in Kenya and Machakos County is to ensure that all citizens
(men and women of different ages and diversities) live in dignity and exploit their human capabilities
for their own social and economic development. The Government of Machakos County will
implement social interventions and programs to reinforce the achievement of this goal.

1.5. Scope of the Policy

This is a policy by the Machakos County Government, targeting the vulnerable members of the
society, to cushion them against social-economic, political, and environmental risks and shocks.

1.6. Policy Development Process

This policy was developed through a consultative process involving various departments of the County
Government of Machakos and other key social protection stakeholders within the County.

1.7. Legal Frameworks on Social Protection

The practice and the right to Social Protection are governed and articulated in several instruments
existing at global, regional, and international levels. Kenya Citizens have the right to social protection
and are entitled to realization, through national effort and international cooperation. The constitution
gives the mandate to both national and county governments to provide services to ensure social
protection as a right.

1.7.1. International Legal Framework

Article 2 (6) of the Constitution states that ‘Any treaty or convention ratified by Kenya shall form part
of the law of Kenya under this Constitution’. Kenya is a signatory to several international declarations,
treaties, and conventions that form part of domestic law.

States have an obligation, under international human rights law, to guarantee a minimum level of
social protection and that all individuals hold the right to social protection.

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The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) acknowledges social security and social
protection in (Article 22) which elucidates;

Everyone, as a member of society, has the right to social security and is entitled to realization,
through national effort and international cooperation and by the organization and resources of
each State, of the economic, social, and cultural rights indispensable for his dignity and the free
development of his personality.

Article 23 of the UDHR provides the right to work under amenable work conditions and protection
against discrimination, unfair treatment at the workplace, equal pay for equal work, fair remuneration,
and the right to form and join trade unions. These rights are requisite to ensuring fairness, dignity, and
equality in workplaces.

It is imperative to note as enshrined in Article 25 of the UDHR that;

Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and
of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and
the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other
lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control.

Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born
in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection.

Article 9 of The International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
recognizes the right of everyone to social security, including social insurance. It emphasizes the
importance of social protection for individuals and their families. Social security and social protection
systems are imperative apparatuses for ensuring that individuals can live with dignity, access adequate
services, and cope with life's contingencies that may affect their economic security.

The UN/ILO Social Protection Floor Initiative (SPF) adopts a lifecycle approach to social protection.
It guarantees a universal minimum package of social transfers and services consisting of access to
education and essential health services, income security through family or child benefits,
unemployment benefits, disability benefits, and income security in old age (both contributory and non-
contributory pensions). The World Summit on Social Development (WSSD) of 2000 has also played
an influential role in shaping the social protection agenda in Kenya.

As an East African Community (EAC) Partner State, Kenya is party to the wide-ranging provisions
on the harmonization and coordination of social security that guide the actions of the Partner States.

In addition to the international and regional agreements outlined, there are global development
plans/agreements such as the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development where social protection is
anchored on various legislative provisions that speak to various fundamental human rights and
privileges.

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Various Goals under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) also articulate Social Protection as
a key component in achieving sustainable development which include but are not limited to;

SDG 1 is on ending poverty in all its forms everywhere and states that “by 2030 nations will implement
appropriate social protection measures for all to achieve substantial coverage of the poor and the
vulnerable based on gender-sensitive development strategies”.

SDG 2 is about creating a world free of hunger by 2030. “The global issue of hunger and food
insecurity has shown an alarming increase since 2015, a trend exacerbated by a combination of factors
including the pandemic, conflict, climate change, and deepening inequalities.”

SDG 3 is aimed at "Good Health and Well-being" It ensures healthy lives and promotes well-being
for all at all ages.

SDG 4 promotes Education to ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong
learning for all.

SDG 5 concerns gender equality to achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls all
round.

SDG 6 declares the importance of achieving clean water and sanitation for all.

SDG 7 is about "decent work and economic growth"

SDG 10 is about "Reducing inequality within and among countries"

Other goals also speak to issues of building resilience of the poor and vulnerable together with
addressing issues of decent work.

Other agreements and conventions relevant to social protection that Kenya has ratified and committed
to include but not limited to : the Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951), the Protocol
Relating to the Status of Refugees (1967), the African Union Convention Governing the Specific
Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (1969), the UN Convention on the Elimination of the All
Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979), the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights
(1981), the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990), the UN Convention of the Rights of the
Persons with Disabilities (2006), the African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990),
the International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (1999),
the ILO Minimum age (for employment) Convention (1973), ILO Social Protection Floors
Recommendation, 2012 (No. 202) and several ILO Conventions and Regional Protocols on migrant
labour.

1.7.2. National Legal Framework

The Constitution is the supreme law of our country therefore, any law or policies including those
touching on social protection and empowerment that are inconsistent with it are void. The Constitution
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highlights the functions and powers of the County Government as enshrined in Part 3 and the Fourth
Schedule which are termed as devolved functions including the right to social protection for its
citizens.

Article 10 of the Constitution, emphasizes national values and principles of good governance key
among them human dignity, equity, social justice, inclusiveness, equality, human rights, non-
discrimination and protection of the marginalized, transparency, and accountability among others. The
constitution is specific about the rights of groups of the population that face specific risks and have
different needs throughout the life cycle such as the elderly, children, persons with disabilities, the
youth, minorities, and marginalized groups.

Article 43 provides;

(1) Every person has the right--

(a) to the highest attainable standard of health, which includes the right to health care services,
including reproductive health care;
(b) to accessible and adequate housing, and reasonable standards of sanitation;
(c) to be free from hunger, and to have adequate food of acceptable quality;
(d) to clean and safe water in adequate quantities;
(e) to social security; and
(f) to education.

(2) A person shall not be denied emergency medical treatment.

(3) The State shall provide appropriate social security to persons who are unable to support
themselves and their dependents.

Article 43 (3) as stipulated above asserts that the State shall provide appropriate social security to
persons who are unable to support themselves and their dependents. Moreover, Article 21 commits
the state to work towards the progressive realization of social and economic rights and binds the State
to observe, respect, protect, promote, and fulfil the rights and fundamental freedoms in the Bill of
Rights.

The Retirement Benefits Act No. 3 of 1997 as revised in 2022, set up the Retirement Benefits
Authority (RBA), which is mandated with the regulation, supervision, and promotion of retirement
benefits schemes, the development of the retirement benefits sector, and connected purposes. Under
the auspices of the RBA, a recent attempt to provide retirement protection to some informal sector
workers has been reasonably successful albeit, gradual. This ensures income security for the
elderly/Senior citizens.

Other laws and national policies also lay out the conceptual framework for realizing the rights to social
protection to empower them:

i) Kenya National Social Protection Policy 2023;

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 ii) Persons with Disabilities Act No. of 14 (2003);
iii) The National Hospital Insurance Fund (Amendment)Act, 2022;
iv) Social Assistance Act (2013);
v) Children Act 2022;
vi) Employment Act (2007, Rev. 2012);
vii) Retirement Benefits Act No. 3 of 1997;
viii) Work Injury Benefits Act (2007);
ix) The National Pre-Primary Policy (2017);
x) Development plans such as Kenya Vision 2030, and Medium-Term Plan 3 among others.

1.7.3. County Legal Frameworks

Some of the relevant county legislations enacted by the County Government of Machakos that address
social protection include;

i) Machakos County Water Act, 2014;

ii) Machakos County Persons with Disabilities Act 2016;
iii) Machakos County Government Water Policy 2018;
iv) Machakos County Senior Citizens Act 2022;
v) Machakos Youth Empowerment Act, 2022;
vi) The Machakos County Government Gender Policy 2024;
vii) The Machakos County HIV and AIDS Management Act, 2015; and
viii)Machakos County Health Services Act, 2021.

The development plans that are in place to frame social protection work include the Machakos County
Vision and the Machakos County Integrated Development Plan 2023-2027. These aim at achieving
accelerated and inclusive economic growth and development; improved access to quality water and
health services, access to quality education, increased job creation, increased household incomes, and
sustainable food security.

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CHAPTER 2: SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS

2.1. Introduction to Conceptual Approach to Social Protection

The County Government of Machakos has strived to mainstream social protection in most of its
programs in addition to initiating independent social protection programs aimed at cushioning its
vulnerable populace against foreseeable and unforeseeable risks. Machakos County has several groups
of vulnerable persons including older persons, persons with disabilities, children, orphans, food-
insecure households, street families, persons with chronic illnesses, and marginalized groups among
others.

This policy is a key initiative in supporting the Government's efforts to alleviate poverty and reduce the
vulnerability of Machakos residents facing economic, social, and environmental challenges. It will play a
crucial role in expanding access to social welfare services, benefiting not only those without stable income,
but also employed individuals and the self-employed who need financial protection against potential risks,
such as job loss, workplace injury, asset loss, or illness.

2.2. The Situation Analysis of Machakos County

Machakos County residents face a range of challenges that heighten their vulnerability to poverty,
disrupt livelihoods, and hinder economic and social development. These challenges are both natural
and man-made, influenced by the county’s geographical location and cultural context. Key issues
include but not limited to:

● Floods
● Droughts
● Erratic Weather Patterns
● Poor Health-Seeking Behaviour
● Illiteracy
● High Multidimensional Poverty
● Low Food Production
● Inadequate Water Supply
● Basic Sanitation services
● High Infant Mortality
● Deforestation
● Climate Change

● Pollution.

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 These factors contribute significantly to the vulnerability of Machakos County residents, as
evidenced by statistical data, sector reports, and situational analyses provided by national and
county government sources.

2.2.1. Poverty and Demographic Nexus

Machakos County, located in southeastern Kenya, is bordered by Murang'a and Kirinyaga Counties
to the northwest, Embu to the north, Kitui to the east, Makueni to the south, Nairobi and Kiambu to
the west, and Kajiado to the south. The county covers an area of 6,037.3 km² and is situated between
longitudes 36°45' East and 37°45' East, and latitudes 0°45' South and 1°31' South.

According to the 2019 Kenya Population and Housing Census, Machakos County has a population of
1,421,932, which represents about 3% of Kenya’s total population. This includes 710,707 males
(49.98%), 711,191 females (50.02%), and 34 intersex individuals (0.002%). The rural population is
504,247 males (35.46%) and 503,582 females (35.42%), with 25 intersex individuals (0.002%). The
urban population consists of 206,460 males (14.52%), 207,609 females (14.6%), and 9 intersex
individuals (0.001%). The sex ratio is approximately 1:1 due to the minimal number of intersex
individuals. About 71% of the population lives in rural areas, while 29% resides in urban areas. The
youth (ages 15-34) make up 29.2% of the population, and the elderly (65 and above) constitute 5.6%,
compared to national averages of 29.0% and 3.9%, respectively.

Agriculture is the main economic activity in Machakos County, providing employment and livelihoods
for the majority of its residents. The county is semi-arid and relies largely on rain-fed agriculture. Key
crops grown include maize, beans, vegetables, fruits, and drought-tolerant crops like sorghum and
millet. While agriculture plays a vital role in sustaining the population, the county faces challenges
due to unpredictable rainfall patterns. Livestock farming also contributes, though it is secondary to
crop cultivation.

The monetary poverty rate in Machakos is 23.1%, which is 12 percentage points lower than the
national rate of 35.7%. Approximately 328,299 people in the county live in monetary poverty.
However, the multidimensional poverty rate is 39.4%, 16 percentage points higher than the monetary
poverty rate, with a total of 560,298 people experiencing multidimensional poverty (Machakos County
CIDP 2023-2027).

The large child population poses challenges for providing essential services such as education and
child health. Additionally, the relatively small working-age population means that fewer individuals
are responsible for taxation and supporting dependents. As of 2019, Machakos County's demographic
structure is pyramid-shaped: 32.6% of the population is aged 0-14 years (children), 35.8% is aged 15-
34 years (youth), 61.8% is in the working-age group (18-64 years), and 5.6% is aged 65 and above.

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2.2.2. Food Security Challenges
Food security challenges are critical in areas where agriculture is the primary livelihood source, such
as in Machakos County. Here’s a detailed examination of these challenges and potential solutions:

1. Inconsistent and Unpredictable Food Production

Challenges: -

Weather Dependency: Agricultural productivity is highly dependent on weather patterns. Irregular

rainfall or extreme weather events can drastically affect crop yields.

Climate Change: Shifting climate patterns intensify these issues, making agricultural outputs harder
to predict and plan for.

Recourse:

Climate-Resilient Crops: Invest in research to develop crop varieties that can withstand climate
variability.

Enhanced Weather Forecasting: Improve weather forecasting systems to provide farmers with timely
and accurate information.

Diversification: Promote crop and farming practice diversification to spread risk and reduce
dependency on any single crop.

Irrigation schemes and climate-smart agricultural practices are becoming increasingly important.

2. Inadequate Storage and Processing Facilities.

Challenges: -

Post-Harvest Losses: Lack of proper storage and processing facilities leads to significant food spoilage
and waste.

Limited Value Addition: Inadequate processing facilities mean raw produce often has lower economic
value compared to processed products.

Recourse:

Infrastructure Investment: Develop and upgrade storage and processing facilities to handle excess
produce and improve food preservation.

Training and Support: Offer training in post-harvest handling and processing techniques for farmers
and entrepreneurs Public-Private Partnerships:

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Encourage collaborations between the government, private sector, and NGOs to fund and manage
infrastructure projects.

3. Impact on Farm Incomes.

Challenges: -

Price Fluctuations: Inconsistent production can lead to fluctuating prices, impacting farm incomes.

Market Access: Limited market access constrains income opportunities for farmers.

Recourse:

Price Stabilization Mechanisms: Explore mechanisms such as commodity boards or price stabilization
funds to manage income volatility.

Improved Market Access: Enhance transportation and market linkages to ensure farmers can reach
buyers and obtain fair prices.

Financial Services: Provide access to credit and insurance to help farmers manage risks and invest in
improvements.

4. Overall Food Security

Challenges: -

Nutritional Quality: The available food may not meet nutritional needs if not properly stored or
processed.

Food Distribution: Inefficiencies in food distribution can lead to localized shortages or surpluses.

Recourse:

Nutrition Education: Implement programs to educate the population on balanced diets and nutrition.

Efficient Distribution Networks: Improve food distribution systems to ensure equitable access across
rural and urban areas.

It is important to note that addressing these challenges requires a multifaceted approach involving
government policies, community engagement, and private-sector investment. By targeting these areas,
Machakos County can work towards a more secure and resilient food system.

2.2.3. Access to Health Services and Social Health Index

Some of the key developments that have been implemented to improve access to and provision of
quality healthcare services within the county include the construction of community hospitals, face
lifting of primary healthcare facilities, the strengthening of the referral system through better medical

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supplies and equipment, ambulance services and massive recruitment of health workers across the
County.

The Health Sector plays a vital role in maintaining a healthy population that is useful in helping the
County realize its agenda. However, as per the following health and social protection indicators, there
is a need for improvement to cater to all residents of Machakos County.

• Health Insurance Coverage in Machakos County is 33%

• 0-5 mortality rate is 41%
• Nutrition uptake for 0-5 year olds is 16%, underweight is 8% wasted is 4% and overweight is
3%
• Neonatal vaccination is 71% (70.8%)
• Knowledge of HIV prevention in Machakos County is 54.5%
• 87.9% have previously tested for HIV while 46.2% have tested in the last 12 months
• In the last 12 months 3.4% of the residents have had multiple sexual partners
• 17.8% had sexual intercourse with a person who was neither their husband nor lived with them
• Family planning coverage is 76.3%
• 11.1% of the Machakos households use paraffin, 53.4% use firewood, and 6.7% use charcoal
for fuel (Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022).

2.2.4. Access to Education and Illiteracy Level

The Pre-primary School Age (3 – 5 years) population was projected at 89,848 (male 44,823; female
45,025) in 2022. Primary School Age (6 – 13 years) population was projected at 234,872 (male
116,822; female 118, 050) in 2022 and is projected to slightly rise to 237,143 and 237,532 in the year
2025 and 2027 respectively. Such an increase will have implications for the already existing primary
education facilities.

The Secondary School Age (13 – 19 years) population of this age group was projected at 204,799
(male 104,367; female 100,432) and is projected to decrease to 201,781 in 2025 and thereafter increase
slightly to 202,656 in 2027. This secondary school population, which is in its adolescent and teenage
years, faces several challenges, including but not limited to HIV/AIDS, drug and substance abuse,
dropping out of schools, and early pregnancies (Machakos County CIDP 2023-2027).

All these lead to ignorance, illiteracy, and retrogressive cultural practices which are major causes of
gender disparities in the County. This situation further heightens the exposure of the youth to poverty
as the majority are unable to access well-paying job opportunities and youth empowerment programs
set up by the national government.

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2.2.5. Geographical placement (livelihoods dependent on land, farming)
Machakos residents mainly carry out 2 types of farming livelihoods i.e. mixed farming and irrigated.
The county is classified as arid and semi-arid which consists of the hilly areas and the lowlands. The
hilly regions receive more rainfall than the lowlands.

2.2.6 Unemployment

High Unemployment continues to impede development both at the national and county government
levels. The situation is not different for Machakos County. Inadequate marketing linkage
strategies/value-chain development for agricultural produce and livestock which enables middlemen
to exploit farmers;

• Inadequate infrastructure;
• Inadequate agricultural-focused social protection programs
• Harmful social and cultural practices;
• Climatic change that increases natural and man-induced disasters

2.2.7 Hygiene and Sanitation

Machakos County has the following hygiene and sanitation data:
• Household population with access to at least clean drinking water service is 68%
• 23.2% use boreholes or wells as a source of drinking water
• 11.3% practice open defecation, bucket latrine, or uncovered pit latrine to dispose off human waste
• 9.8% dump solid waste in their compound or on the street/vacant drain or waterways

Insufficient hygiene and sanitation in the County especially in the rural area. These statistics are
indicative of the poor sanitation levels in the County and can therefore be linked to an increase in
diseases that are associated with poor hygiene practices.

There is a need to boost sanitation, connection to sewer systems, hand washing, and menstrual hygiene
throughout the County.

2.2.8 Gender-Based Violence and Retrogressive Cultural Practices

In Machakos County, GBV affects women more than men. However, the County has inadequate
gender statistics which hampers effective assessment of the implications of the policies and budgets,
service delivery, and comprehensive assessment of the impact of GBV on development. According to
the 2022- KDHS Survey report, the percentage of women who have experienced physical violence
since age 15 is 25.7%, often 2.8% and sometimes 7.4% totalling 515. Hence, the need to prevent GBV
through a lot of sensitization and awareness creation.

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2.3. The Social Protection System in Machakos County
According to the interpretation of the International Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural
Rights (ICESR) in interpreting the provisions of Article 22 of the UDHR and Article 9 of the ICESR
on the right to social security, the County is obligated to establish social protection systems to address
the needs of the most vulnerable including women & girls and men & boys. A comprehensive social
protection system should ensure measures are put in place to prevent violence against women and girls
(VAWG) and enhanced reporting especially of violence meted against men and boys which will create
a balanced social, economic, and environmental sustainability for all genders. This is because women
and girls in violent environments often face social and economic shocks and risks that push them
further to extreme poverty, while the social and cultural dynamics hinder their recovery rate.

To address all the above challenges, the County Government of Machakos has categorized social
protection initiatives and programs broadly into four pillars:

i) Income Security
ii) Social health protection
iii) Shock-responsive social protection and
iv) Complementary Social Protection

i) Income security

The main goal of the income security pillar is to ensure that vulnerable groups within the county are
empowered to engage in activities aimed at ensuring sustainable income. There is a strong nexus
between social protection investment and the socio-economic development of the people. There is
enhanced social economic development in areas where the government invests in social protection.
Investing in social protection not only helps individuals and families but also contributes to broader
economic and social development goals, fostering a more equitable and prosperous society. When
governments invest in social protection programs, such as cash transfers, seed interventions, health
care, education, and social services, several positive outcomes can result:

a) Improved Health Outcomes:

• Access to Health Services: Social protection can increase access to health care, leading to
better overall health and reduced mortality rates.
• Reduced Financial Barriers: Programs like health insurance or subsidies help reduce out-of-
pocket expenses for medical care, making health services more accessible.

b) Enhanced Educational Opportunities:

• Increased School Enrolment: Cash transfers or subsidies can reduce the financial burden on
families, enabling more children to attend school.

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 • Better Educational Outcomes: Improved access to education and resources can lead to higher
literacy rates and better long-term educational achievements.

c) Economic Empowerment:
• Reduced Poverty: Social protection programs can lift people out of poverty by providing
financial support and access to services.
• Increased Economic Activity: With financial stability, individuals are more likely to invest
in businesses, improve their skills, and contribute to economic growth.

d) Social Stability:
• Reduced Inequality: Social protection can help reduce income inequality by redistributing
resources and providing support to the most vulnerable populations.
• Increased Social Cohesion: By addressing basic needs and reducing economic disparities,
social protection can foster social inclusion and stability.

e) Increased Productivity:
• Improved Quality of Life: Better health and education contribute to a more productive
workforce.
• Reduced Absenteeism: Healthier individuals and families are less likely to miss work or
school, improving overall productivity.

Additional income-generating programs by the county include the issuance of income-generating

items to community self-help groups of youth, women, and persons with disabilities coupled with
entrepreneurship training skills.

The Income Security Pillar is a critical component of social and economic development, aimed at
improving the livelihoods of residents in Machakos County. By focusing on creating sustainable
income opportunities, enhancing social security programs, and promoting financial inclusion, the
County Government of Machakos and its stakeholders can address several key areas.

f) Creating Sustainable Income Opportunities:

• Job Creation: Developing programs to create jobs, particularly in sectors with high growth
potential, such as agriculture, manufacturing, and services.
• Entrepreneurship Support: Providing training, grants, or loans to local entrepreneurs and
small businesses to stimulate economic activity and self-employment.
• Skills Development: Investing in vocational training and education to ensure that residents
have the skills needed to access and thrive in new job markets.

g) Enhancing Social Security Programs:

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 • Social Protection Schemes: Expanding or improving social safety nets such as cash transfer
programs, unemployment benefits, and pensions to provide a safety net for vulnerable
populations.
• Health and Disability Benefits: Ensuring access to health care and disability support to
protect residents from economic shocks due to health issues or disability.
• Emergency Relief: Developing mechanisms to provide timely support during crisis, such as
disasters or economic downturns.

h) Promoting Financial Inclusion:

• Access to Financial Services: Improving access to banking services, microfinance, table
banking, and credit facilities for underserved populations to promote savings and investment.
• Financial Literacy: Offering education programs to enhance financial literacy and help
residents make informed financial decisions.
• Digital Financial Services: Leveraging technology to provide digital banking and mobile
money services, which can improve access to financial resources and reduce transaction costs.

i) Strategic Interventions and Partnerships:

• Collaborative Approaches: Partnering with civil society organizations, private sector
companies, and international organizations to leverage additional resources and expertise.
• Community Engagement: Involving local communities in the design and implementation of
programs to ensure that interventions are responsive to their needs.
• Monitoring and Evaluation: Implementing systems to track the effectiveness of
interventions, gather feedback, and make necessary adjustments to improve outcomes.

j) Expected Outcomes:
• Poverty Reduction: By addressing income insecurity and providing support, the pillar aims to
lower poverty rates and improve living standards.
• Economic Stability: Enhanced financial inclusion and social security can lead to a more stable
and resilient local economy.
• Dignified Living: Ensuring that all residents have access to necessities and opportunities for
advancement; supports a dignified and respectful quality of life.

By focusing on these areas through targeted interventions and strategic partnerships, the Income
Security Pillar can play a crucial role in fostering sustainable development and improving the overall
well-being of Machakos County residents.

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 ii. Social Health Protection
This pillar aims at providing affordable and accessible health solutions to vulnerable groups within
the county. The county government believes that quality healthcare is a fundamental component of
sustainable socio-economic growth.

In the CIDP 2023 to 2027, the County has phased expansion and equipping of inpatient pharmacies in
Level 4 and 5 facilities. In addition, the County has phased expansion and equipping of outpatient
pharmacies in Levels 3, 4, and 5. This has resulted in improved access through the reduction of
proximity from household to facility to 4 kilometres. However, most of these facilities have inadequate
infrastructure as stipulated in the national and international infrastructure norms on the level of care.
Primary healthcare interventions are a key departmental priority. The County has established a vibrant
community health Promoters’ programme to improve primary health services and increased number
of functional community health units which has led to improved access to primary health care.

There is a need to introduce the Universal Health Care Program in Machakos which will aim to remove
the financial access barrier and has led to increased utilization of services. Human resources for health
is inadequate despite the increased service delivery workload.

Malnutrition in children below five years remains high within the county. One in four children under
the age of five is affected by chronic malnutrition (stunting), while one in ten children is affected by
both chronic and acute malnutrition as indicated by being underweight for their age. Child
vulnerability in the County is aggravated by absentee parents, HIV/AIDS, poor health care, exposure
to the dangers of modern technology, and harmful cultural practices such as early child marriage and
child labour.

Notably, the county has constructed a Gender-Based Violence Rescue Centre (GBVRC) with
complementary capacity-building of the health sector stakeholders such as service providers, and
community structures on SGBV prevention and response. This needs to be expanded to address the
increased number of SGBV cases recorded, while encouraging reporting through awareness and
accessibility upto the grassroot level.

iii. Shock-Responsive Social Protection

This pillar aims at developing and strengthening the County Government’s and the communities’
ability to prepare in advance for and respond to shocks and crisis such as social, economic, or
environmental upheavals.

The county has established programs and interventions in collaboration with partners and well-wishers
in the provision of supplementary food and non-food item in response to droughts, floods (to poor
households, older persons, orphans and vulnerable children) construction of dams, weirs and farm
ponds, supplementary irrigation, provision of subsidized farm inputs (seeds, animal feeds, animal
vaccination), water trucking, etc.

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 iv. Complementary Social Protection
This Pillar seeks to allow Machakos County to employ various strategies like innovation, leveraging
on Technology to enhance Public Participation, collaboration by service providers, communication
and feedback mechanisms for a collective approach and appreciation of Social Protection benefits to
the development of the County’s economy and the wellbeing of its people.

The County Government shall take responsibility in ensuring focus on the above pillars to improve
the lives of the people of Machakos.

2.4 Challenges
Based on the foregoing, the key challenges facing the social protection sector are:
1. Insufficient policy and legal framework regarding social protection.
2. High levels of poverty.
3. Low awareness among residents of Machakos County about the county's social
protection interventions and services.
4. Limited accessibility to social protection interventions and services for residents,
especially at the grassroots level in Machakos County.
5. Inadequate integration of gender and human rights considerations in development
programs.
6. Rising numbers of school dropouts.
7. Insufficient capacity of Social Welfare Officers at the ward level.
8. Issues such as child malnutrition, poor upbringing, health problems, non-
communicable diseases, sexual abuse, reproductive health challenges, mental health
issues, and teenage pregnancies.
9. Erosion of cultural values, resulting in the neglect and isolation of children and the
elderly.
10. Restrictive social norms, attitudes, and behaviors affecting children, youth, the elderly,
and intersex individuals.
11. Low health coverage for all residents.
12. Lack of verified data and information on the number of vulnerable individuals in need
of social protection. Weak coordination in the implementation of social
protection/inclusion programs in the county.
13. Insufficient funds to maintain social protection programs in the county.
14. Significant post-harvest losses and limited access to markets.
15. Lack of adequate extension support services.
16. Emerging challenges, such as climate change and drug and substance abuse.
17. Rationale for the Machakos County Social Protection Policy.

As per the Constitution of Kenya 2010, all County Governments are supposed to ensure the promotion,
protection, and fulfilment of the human rights of their residents. Hence, the development of Social

29
Protection programs and strengthening of collaboration with the National Government and other non-
state actors to foster sustainable development and cushion people from poverty and other shocks and
risks.

The Policy will provide a legal basis for the Machakos County Government to implement
complementary Social Protection programs and strengthen collaboration and linkages with the
National Government and other service providers to achieve optimum benefits from social
interventions. It will also provide vision, objectives, guiding principles, and strategies that will help
address the current challenges to intentionally reduce social exclusion, and poverty, embrace gender
equality, allow feedback mechanism, and an inbuilt monitoring and evaluation process for effective
program management.

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CHAPTER 3: POLICY OBJECTIVES AND STRATEGIES

3.1. Introduction
This policy emphasizes the significance of creating effective strategies to overcome the challenges
identified for the successful realization of social protection goals in Machakos County. This chapter
presents constructive objectives, guiding principles, and strategic approaches aimed at addressing the
issues outlined in the first two chapters. Our focus is on enhancing social protection for the county's
poor and vulnerable populations. By outlining these objectives and principles, we provide a clear
roadmap for achieving the overarching goals and ideals of the policy, fostering a more secure and
inclusive community for all.

The Government of Machakos seeks to provide or put in place the necessary policy, legislative, and
regulatory framework for a harmonized social protection program in the County. The County
Government shall also seek strategic partnerships with stakeholders to advance social protection and
explore ways of reducing poverty, increasing income for the residents, and empowering the vulnerable
groups in the County.

3.2. Vision
An inclusive, empowered, dignified, sustainable, and resilient community

3.3. Mission
To transform the livelihood of our poor and vulnerable persons so that they can live in honor and enjoy
their human right

3.4. Goal
To ensure the people of Machakos live dignified and healthy lives and can exploit the human
capabilities and available opportunities to further their social and economic empowerment and
development.

3.5. Policy Objectives - Policy Direction

This Policy puts forward four strategic areas for the county social protection to give guidance, as
follows:

Pillar 1: Income security

Pillar 2: Social health protection;

Pillar 3: Shock-responsive social protection

Pillar 4: Complementary social protection.

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3.6. Policy Objectives
This policy will be the definitive framework for the County Government of Machakos and its
stakeholders in the development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation of social protection
programs throughout the county. We will focus on key areas, including income security, social health
protection, shock-responsive social protection, and complementary programs.

To attain this, the following policy objectives will be pursued:

1. Enhance income security for workers and vulnerable groups across all age groups and
backgrounds.
2. Expand health coverage and improve access to healthcare services for Machakos County residents.
3. Provide support to vulnerable populations to protect them from external shocks.
4. Strengthen the resilience and well-being of vulnerable populations in Machakos County.

3.6.1. Policy Objective 1 (Income Security): Enhance income security for workers and vulnerable
populations across all ages and diversities.

Income security in the Machakos context seeks to closely link poor and vulnerable households of
children; aged and elderly; women single heads of Households/widows and women caregivers of
orphans and vulnerable children, persons of working age (18-60 years) and persons with disabilities
to other socially protective programs such as skills development, awareness and capacity building on
social norms that underpin inequality, economic inclusion, income-generating activities linkages to
other government services. The county will work to facilitate access to social services such as health
care, nutrition, education, water and sanitation, mentorship and training, capacity building on gender,
develop productive assets, financial inclusion, and infrastructure development to enable the vulnerable
and working age population to overcome barriers to building their household income. Specific support
mechanisms for victims of gender-based violence and orphaned will also be among the priorities for
the county government.

3.6.2. Policy Measures:

1. Adopt transformative strategies in addressing social exclusion and equity
2. Promote partnerships for the expansion of social security coverage to all workers and their
dependants in both formal and informal sectors.
3. Adopt innovative and sustainable social assistance programs for vulnerable groups.
4. Improve livelihood opportunities for the socioeconomic empowerment of vulnerable
populations.

3.6.3. Policy Strategies:

The Government of Machakos County, working with other stakeholders, shall:

1. Support partnerships for good governance and accountability for income security programs.

32
 2. Enhance cross-sectoral linkages with county departments (identify champions), agencies and
other stakeholders to advance the expansion of social security coverage.
3. Promote educational support through capitation, bursaries and scholarships.
4. Expand the implementation of targeted feeding programs.
5. Enhance access to mentorship, internship opportunities, and capacity building and skills
development opportunities for the working-age population in the county.
6. Enhance the development of inclusive/accessible infrastructure both physical and digital.
7. Strengthen existing social assistance initiatives with productive assets to enhance outcomes.
8. Strengthen the capacity of vulnerable populations in MSDEs and cooperatives with
entrepreneurship and business management skills.
9. Strengthen initiatives that promote financial inclusion.
10. Enhance access to safe and reliable water for vulnerable households and communities.
11. Enhance programs that enable smallholder farmers and other vulnerable groups to access food
provisions.
12. Strengthen the capacity of smallholder farmers to access markets.
13. Enhance psychosocial support mechanisms to provide services to vulnerable groups, including
but not limited to, alternative care and support to action against gender-based violence.

3.7. Policy Objective 2 (Social Health Protection): Expand Health Coverage and improve
access to health care services for the residents of Machakos County
The County Government will strengthen the implementation of policies and programs to achieve
Universal Health Coverage. This will build on the recent efforts to expand coverage of the National
Hospital Insurance Fund (NHIF) among informal sector workers and among beneficiaries of
government cash transfer programs. The Department of Health at the county level will continue to
develop strategies to encourage the contribution of working-age adults in the informal sector to the
NHIF.

3.7.1. Policy Measures

1. Enhance socially protective initiative quality health care services
2. Enhance preventive and promote healthcare
3. Strengthen partnerships for social health protection

3.7.2. Policy Strategies:

The Government of Machakos County, working with other stakeholders, shall:

1. Enhance the expansion of health insurance coverage to ensure all poor and vulnerable
populations access quality health care.
2. Develop strategies for additional resource mobilization to support poor and vulnerable
populations to access quality healthcare.
3. Strengthen the referral system for access to specialized healthcare services.
33
 4. Enhance research that ensures evidence-based decisions to promote quality healthcare.
5. Establish and strengthen collaboration and linkages with relevant partners for resource
mobilization towards social health protection.
6. Enhance synergy among county departments to support social health protection.
7. Strengthen the implementation of the community health strategy on the management of
vulnerable populations.
8. Enhance environmental health services at the community level.
9. Enhance sensitizations to promote the uptake of health insurance services.
10. Enhance initiatives that enhance school-based sanitation and hygiene.
11. Address gender inequalities as a cause of disparities in health outcomes and access to
healthcare.

3.8. Policy Objective 3 (Shock-Responsive Social Protection): Provide support to vulnerable

populations to protect them from external shocks.

This pillar includes the provision of relief and protection support to Machakos residents affected by
covariate shocks such as droughts, floods, forced displacement, etc. with a clear understanding of the
differences in the exposure and experience of crises-related risks between women and men and their
gender-specific roles and strategies adopted to cope with the emergency. The key objective is for the
county government to have the necessary capacity and tools to address the cyclic shocks that the
county is prone to promptly while building on existing systems.

Kenya, at the national level, has been successful in deploying shock-responsive interventions, which
includes the development of trigger mechanisms and early warning action systems and this is an area
the county government could adopt good practices in developing and deploying emergency response.

3.8.1. Policy Measures:

1. Strengthen risk management instruments for disaster preparedness and response;
2. Strengthen coordination in emergency preparedness, response, and recovery initiatives.

3.8.2. Policy Strategies:

The Government of Machakos County, working with other stakeholders, shall:

1. Strengthen institutions including resources to effectively and efficiently manage risks and
shocks.
2. Establish mechanisms for co-financing of response initiatives by county and partners to
support affected populations including setting up of an emergency response kitty by the County
Government domiciled in the department of Gender and Social Welfare for immediate
response to shocks.
34
 3. Conduct research and periodic review of strategies and risk management instruments to ensure
evidence-based programming, targeting, and implementation.
4. Enhance initiatives/programs that cushion smallholder farmers against climate-related risks
and shocks e.g. insurance services.
5. Ensure harmonized design and coordinated implementation of emergency interventions.
6. Establish and strengthen community structures (Disaster Risk Reduction Committees) to
ensure timely response to interventions.
7. Enhance nutrition-sensitive programming by all relevant departments and other actors.

3.9 Policy Objective 4 (Complementary Social Protection): Strengthen the resilience and well-
being of vulnerable population in Machakos County,

The County shall collaborate with other Stakeholders to integrate relevant complementary programs
in the provision of social protection that-

1. Promote opportunities for the improvement of livelihoods and employment and enhance
social and economic inclusion of beneficiaries.
2. Promote social protection interventions that lead to improvements in enrolment, attendance,
retention, and completion of school in line with the Basic Education Act, of 2013.
3. Promote programs that support smallholder farmers and other vulnerable groups.
4. Promote the integration of nutrition and healthcare interventions within social protection
programs in line with the Health Act 2017.
5. Promote social protection initiatives that support adaptation of The Social Protection Bill,
2024 resilience to shocks in consultation with the National Drought Management Authority;
No. 29 of 2022 (Role of State & non-state actors and Role of county governments).
6. Promote programs that support the availability of social care services such as childcare
facilities for women in formal and informal sectors in line with the Children Act, 2022.
7. Promote intergovernmental coordination of complementary programs and services.
8. Establish a coherent and comprehensive framework for social workers;
9. Establish a Data protection mechanism for vulnerable groups; and
10. Put in place any other complementary programs for effective social protection.

Hence, ensure;

-Strengthening analysis of economic and social vulnerabilities through collection, analysis, and
dissemination of gender- and age-disaggregated data are essential to ensure that gender considerations
inform program strategies and actions.

-Tailored gender capacity strengthening kits for program designers and implementers.

35
-Development of awareness-raising materials targeted at communities and program participants on the
gender dimensions of the program.

-Integrated gender indicators and targets in the Monitoring and Evaluation Framework.

-Strengthened women’s agency, advocacy, and representation in social protection programs.

-Strengthened coordination with the department responsible for social services and other gender focal
points and actors to strengthen their role in the design and implementation of social protection.

-The Complimentary Social Protection should be anchored on existing policies and technology to
empower and inform people.

36
CHAPTER 4: IMPLEMENTATION FRAMEWORK
This chapter outlines the framework for actualizing the policy objectives identified herein.

4.1. Coordination Mechanisms

Among the challenges facing policymakers, implementing officers, and stakeholders in Machakos
County is the fragmentation of programming which can lead to the duplication of work and
inconsistencies in the operation and implementation of social protection. To address the coordination
challenges, ensure the effectiveness of the four priority areas of the county policy, and foster coherence
in the social protection programming, a framework within which all social protection interventions in
the county operate will be developed.

The Government of Machakos County shall implement the following measures for enhanced
coordination:

• Establish specific coordination mechanisms at the county and sub-county levels with the
participation of all stakeholders to deliberate and follow up on activities necessary for the
smooth implementation of the programs that comprise the social protection pillars;
• Develop tools and instruments to lay the basis for within-pillar and across-pillar coordination
at both national and county-level;
• Strengthen the capacity of county officials in the area of social protection to ensure that all
stakeholders are well-equipped to carry out their mandates.

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Coordination structure

County Governor Stakeholders

Commissioner

Deputy County Cabinet County Secretary

Commissioner

Assistant County CECM- Gender, External Resource

Commissioner Youth, Sports and Mobilization and
Social M&E

Chief
Chief officer – Chief Officer – Chief Officer –
Youth and Sports Gender and Social Digital Economy

Assistant Director – Director – Director – Director –

Gender and Special M&E
Chief Youth and Digital
Sports Social Programmes Economy
Welfare
Youth and Social Special
Sports Welfare Programmes
officers Officers Officers

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4.2. Monitoring, Evaluation, Accountability and Learning
The 2017 Kenya Social Protection Sector Review revealed important gaps in the monitoring and
valuation implementation across the social protection sector. These are applicable in Machakos
County and include: an absence of a comprehensive monitoring and evaluation framework for the
social protection programs at the county level to allow progress monitoring and reporting; the
inadequacy of data and timely measurable indicators capable of tracking the performance of the social
protection programs; and a shortage of skills possessed on M&E at the county level to document the
outcomes and impacts of interventions and programs. Other challenges include the harmonization of
the different Management Information Systems at national and county levels.

4.2.1. Monitoring and Evaluation

Monitoring and evaluation are important in measuring the level of change brought about by program
and policy interventions. The resulting information is useful for continuous program adjustments
against intended commitments and objectives, mobilizing additional resources, and assessing the
efficiency and effectiveness of using resources to address the needs of vulnerable groups.

Various methods will be used to monitor and evaluate social protection interventions in Machakos
County. These include the adoption and modification of existing tools such as the M&E Framework
and Indicators Handbook to include social protection indicators, conducting baseline and impact
evaluation studies, and the use of program accountability checklists. The defined activities in the
departmental work plans will determine the frequency of monitoring and evaluation. The department
responsible for social services will coordinate all other key actors, county departments, and agencies
as applicable.

4.2.2. Accountability
Accountability in social protection is necessary for building trust and confidence with stakeholders,
ensuring adherence to set timelines, reducing the risks of error, fraud, and corruption, and ensuring
optimum value for money. Accountability is done by establishing controls (legal frameworks, policies,
and systems) to ensure accountability, participatory project planning, timely implementation, and
periodic project reviews.

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4.2.3. Learning and Knowledge Management
A lack of accountability can lead to inefficiencies and compromise service delivery, entrenched
negative organizational culture, waste resources, erode stakeholder trust, and compromise the
sustainability of projects.

Learning and knowledge management is a vital part of social protection programming. It enables
program actors to document the good practices and enable information-sharing on perspectives, and
ideas that inform decision-making, and planning, taking corrective actions, and making program
adjustments. This contributes to improved service delivery, productivity, effectiveness, and
innovation. Learning and knowledge management for social protection in Machakos County will be
fostered by leveraging technology to document processes and enable the transfer of information, ideas,
and replication of good practices. Learning can also be propagated through continuous capacity
building through training, mentoring, coaching, and the use of communities of practice that are adapted
to the needs of various groups e.g. farmers, and business traders.

4.3. Delivery Systems for Social Protection

The county government sees the need for policy tools that consolidate program information from the
different social protection programs and interventions. These systems would make it possible to
document the results of the various interventions and schemes, inform key stakeholders about the
status and effectiveness of social protection programs, and generate political support for sustaining
and expanding social protection programs.

At the national level, there are Management Information Systems (MIS) that provide an inventory of
the government's National Safety Net Programmes with added functionalities to enable linkages to
other programs. These comprise the Single Registry and the Consolidated Cash Transfer Programme
Management Information System (MIS). Similar systems at the county level will provide timely and
consolidated information about various programs hence enabling policy makers to benefit from such
information in their decision-making.

The Government of Machakos County is currently in the process of operationalizing a County

Information Hub to consolidate information on all programs and projects implemented by state and
non-state actors in the county. The department responsible for social services will coordinate the
delivery systems in collaboration with other county actors.

To fully realize the use of MIS systems for more efficient delivery of social protection intervention,
the county government will implement the following measures:

• Develop automated information systems that have linkages to other departments’ programs
within the county;
• Establish a county generic MIS that is fully linked to the Single Registry and other relevant
MISs at the national level;

40
 • Develop and strengthen efficient and effective Grievance and Case Management Mechanisms
at the county level including linkages with national case management systems.

Delivery systems are used to track performance, track service delivery, support risk management
processes and enhance efficiencies and effectiveness. The systems also support program development
and implementation using information contained therein e.g. identification and verification of the
vulnerable, making payments, collecting feedback, addressing grievances, and case management.

Key policy measures to promote monitoring, evaluation, accountability, and learning include:

i) Strengthen and implement a comprehensive social protection M&E framework that integrates
social protection indicators;
ii) Promote research on social protection to generate evidence for informed policy decisions;
iii) Strengthen county socioeconomic surveys with social protection-specific indicators.
iv) Establish county social protection data sharing and dissemination mechanisms for learning and
ensure linkage with national and international knowledge-sharing forums.

4.4. Communication and Advocacy

Communication in social protection is important to enhance performance, transparency, and
accountability with a clear understanding of roles and responsibilities, build trust and ownership of
the interventions by the stakeholders including communities ensure timely feedback and adherence to
established policies and guidelines. With good communication, the risks to the project management
cycle are reduced, and coordination and decision-making processes are improved. A clear
communication strategy can help to avoid overburdening the grievance mechanisms as well as
minimize exclusion errors and inadequate information about eligibility and guidelines of the different
social protection programs. Ensuring that beneficiaries are fully aware of their rights and
responsibilities is a key function of communication.

In addition, communication is a tool to promote transparency and fight error, fraud, and corruption by
providing adequate channels for the population to get in touch with program implementers and
relevant stakeholders at different levels.

In social protection, communication involves areas of program interventions; policy objectives,

strategies/ interventions, and measures; monitoring and evaluation reports; partnerships and financing;
expenditure accounting, and feedback mechanisms through grievance and case management systems.
The intended recipients for such communication include the community, project management, and
development committees, the County/National Government, County Assembly, Parliament, the Office
of the Auditor General, private sector/philanthropic foundations, development partners, and faith-
based and community-based organizations.

Means of communication are varied and comprise staff/stakeholder meetings, dissemination of policy
documents, public participation forums including workshops and seminars, central information and
41
document repository, community complaints committees, and the use of established national and
county structures by the county and national governments. The use of media i.e. radios, television,
braille and sign language, and social media. The recently established Kenya Chapter of the Social
Protection Community of Practice will also be useful.

4.4.1. Grievance and Case Management (G&CM)

The purpose of the G&CM mechanisms is to ensure that beneficiaries and communities have access
to appropriate channels through which to voice grievances or concerns about the social protection
program and case management.

The main objective of the case management process is to ensure that all beneficiaries, community
members, and program implementers are enabled to file complaints and updates related to the program
which can be resolved in a reasonable timeframe. The GC&M recognizes three types of cases: 1.
updates to changes in household status such as births, relocation, deaths; 2. filing grievances and; 3.
Error, fraud, and corruption (EFC) reporting. This ensures transparency, accountability, and efficient
implementation of the programs. Machakos County will establish a departmental Grievance Redress
Mechanism (GRM) System that is both offline i.e. established GRM desks from the lowest level of a
program/project to the county level, and online i.e. forms downloaded from the county website, filled
and submitted via email, SMS, phone calls or visitation of a decentralized unit.

The policy measures that shall be undertaken to enhance communication for the social protection
sector include:

i) Enhancing awareness of social protection at county and sub-county levels;

ii) Enhancing the capacity for communication on preparedness and response during crisis;

42
 iii) Strengthening awareness of accountability and feedback mechanisms for social protection
among stakeholders at all levels; and
iv) Establish a knowledge management platform for social protection.

4.5. Financing of Social Protection

A key challenge in financing social protection in Machakos County is the duplication and overlap
in implementation across departments which leads to duplication of resource use and diminished
value for money. Inadequate budgetary allocations to social protection also mean that there are
people who meet the criteria for social assistance support but cannot access it due to targeting
constraints. This amplifies societal inequalities and entrenches some households in chronic
poverty. Increased government financing for social protection will therefore help to realize the
county, national, and global aspirations/agenda in social protection such as county and national
policies and relevant SDGs. With an advanced and well-financed social protection system,
inequalities among Machakos residents will reduce, and well-being will improve in addition to
economic growth and development.

Two key sources will be general government tax revenues, for social assistance, and social
insurance contributions. Funding for shock-responsive social protection is currently mainly from
the National Drought Emergency Fund (NDEF), which was operationalized by NDMA in 2018/19,
and county government budgets while complementary programs will be financed by the relevant
ministry and county government budgets. Additional funding can be attained through strategic
partnerships with development partners (faith-based, community-based, non-governmental, and
intergovernmental organizations, donor agencies), the private sector, and philanthropic
organizations.

At the county level, funds are managed by the respective departments as per the Public Finance
Management Act of 2012. The development of joint work plans would be critical in avoiding
duplication between stakeholders and the county government. The County Social Services
Directorate is responsible for coordination and additional oversight is conducted by internal audits,
the County assembly, the National Assembly, the Senate, the Auditor General, joint review
missions with external stakeholders, and the community through participatory monitoring and
evaluation.

Social protection interventions in the county shall be based on prevailing funding mechanisms to
ensure basic income security throughout the life cycle, with emphasis on vulnerable groups and
individuals. However, attention should be paid to its affordability, and sustainability and to
building synergies through enhanced cross-sectoral coordination and coherence to improve both
the effectiveness and efficiency of the social protection expenditure.

43
The county government shall therefore aim to expand sources of financing for social protection
through strategic partnerships and engagement with non-state actors such as private sector
companies, employers and workers, development partners, community funding, and voluntary
organizations.

The County Government shall endeavour to:

i) Ensure that adequate resources are allocated to social protection in a predictable, gradual, and
long-term manner.
ii) Encourage the use of devolved funds for implementing social protection.
iii) Enhance the effectiveness, cost efficiency, and sustainable financing of social protection;
iv) Strengthen collaboration with stakeholders in social protection financing;
v) Enhance mechanisms for accountability in social protection financing.

4.6. Policy Review

The government shall from time to time, in collaboration with all key stakeholders, review the policy
to ensure that it remains relevant and addresses the emerging issues and trends at international,
national, and county levels.

4.7. Policy Implementation Framework

Goal: To ensure the people of Machakos live dignified and healthy lives; and can exploit the human
capabilities and available opportunities to further their social and economic empowerment and
development.

Output indicator: Reduced poverty index by 10%.

44
Annexures
A. Policy Implementation Matrix
POLICY AREA (What is OBJECTIVE (What INTERVENT DESIRED OUTPUT OUTPUT RESPONSIBLE TIMEFRAME (Within
the Pillar to be objective is being ION(S) (What are the expected INDICATORS (How INSTITUTION(S) what timeframes will
implemented?) targeted?) (What is to be outputs?) will you measure your (Who is responsible this intervention be
done strategy expected outputs) for the action?) achieved?)
used?)

1. Income 1. To improve 1.1 Adopt transformative Improved livelihood -Number of people Dept. of Gender, 2024 -2028
income security strategies in addressing involved in economic Youth, Sports and
Security for workers and social exclusion and activities. Social Welfare, Dept.
vulnerable equity of Agriculture and
-Number of targeted
populations Food Security, other
vulnerable people
across all ages Partners
accessing financial
and diversities
services (disaggregate)

1.2 Adopt innovative and School retention for -Number of learners Dept. of Education, 2024 -2028
sustainable social learners and Empowered benefiting from bursaries, Dept. of Gender, Youth,
assistance programs for groups and scholarships – Sports and Social
vulnerable groups disaggregate Welfare, Dept. of
Agriculture and Food
-Number of persons
Security, other Partners
benefitting from safety net
programs

1.3 Strengthen risk Structured risk -No. of Enterprise Risk Dept. of Gender, Youth, 2024 -2028
management instruments management systems Management Framework Sports and Social
for disaster preparedness, developed and Welfare, Dept. of
and response; implemented. Inspectorate, Fire
Fighting and Emergency
-No. of legal documents Services, Dept. of
developed and County Administration
implemented (Social and Decentralized Units,
Protection Act, Social Dept. of Health, Legal

45
 Protection Regulations Department, other
Policy Statement partners

-Capacity build sub-

county Disaster
Management Committee

1.4 Strengthen Defined coordinated -No. of Risk Reduction Dept. of Gender, Youth, 2024 -2028
coordination in response mechanism Support Activities carried Sports and Social
emergency preparedness, out for vulnerable persons Welfare, Dept. of
response, and recovery Inspectorate, Fire
Fighting and Emergency
initiatives.
Services, Dept. of
County Administration
and Decentralized Units,
Dept. of Health, National
Government-Interior
Dept., other partners

2. Social Health 1. Enhance socially 2.1 Support socially Inclusive -Number of households Dept. of Gender, Youth, 2024 -2028
protective initiative protective initiatives for health care covered by health Sports and Social
Protection quality health care quality healthcare services insurance cover Welfare, Dept. of Health,
services provision. Dept. of Economic
-Number of women
Planning, other partners
giving birth under skilled
attendants.

-Number of community
health volunteers
delivering inclusive
healthcare support.

-Number of persons
(disaggregated by age and
sex, disability) accessing
psychosocial support
against GBV.

46
 2. Strengthen 2.2 Establish and Inclusive -No of Funded Dept. of Gender, Youth, 2024-2028
partnerships for strengthen collaboration partnerships programmes Sports and Social
social health and linkages with relevant Welfare, Dept. of Health,
protection
partners for resource Dept. of Economic
mobilization towards Planning, other partners
social health protection.
- Number of Strengthened
3. Shock- 1. Shock-Responsive 3.1 Strengthen risk
Well-
institutions to effectively
All County Government 2024 -2028
Social Protection: To management instruments Coordinated Departments, National
Responsive Social cushion vulnerable and efficiently manage
for disaster preparedness, disaster Government-Interior,
populations against and response; risks and shocks.
Protection preparedness other partners
risk and shocks
structures
-Improve emergency -No. of early Warning
preparedness by
-Livelihood Early Action mechanism
strengthening relevant
trigger systems and Early restoration implemented.
Warning Action -% of the population
mechanisms to inform
reached on time during an
appropriate response
options and expand emergency.
responsive Social -Reduced Turnaround
Protection interventions
time for response
across the county.
-No. of households
bounce back from
setbacks
(recovery/restoration).

3.2 Strengthen Strengthened All County Government 2024 -2028

- Number of harmonized
coordination, partnership Departments, National
designs and coordinated
collaboration, and
structures in implementation of Government-Interior,
networking with
emergency interventions.
humanitarian agencies in shock- other partners
-Number of established
emergency preparedness, responsiveness
response, and recovery and strengthened
initiatives. community structures
(Disaster Risk Reduction
Committees) to ensure
timely response to
interventions.

47
 -No. of new Inclusive
Shock-Responsive Social
Protection interventions.

3.3 Support the financing A well-funded Dept. of Gender, Youth, 2024 -2028
-% increase in disaster
and implementation of the disaster Sports and Social
risk financing.
DRF strategy.
management Welfare, Dept. of
kitty -% reduction in Finance, Economic
incidences of shocks
Planning and Revenue

-% reduction in the Management, other

number of people affected partners
by shock.

-No. of County
development plans that
have integrated the DRF
strategy.

Promote opportunities for

4. Complementary 1. Initiate Improved and
-Number of targeted
All County Government 2024 -2028
transformative the improvement of restored Departments, National
beneficiaries
Social Protection programmes livelihoods and Livelihoods Government-Interior,
employment and enhance other partners
social and economic
inclusion of beneficiaries.

48
B. Policy resource mobilization financial projections(proposed).

S/NO Details of Programme 2024/2025 2025/2026 2026/2027 Funding Agency

1. Access to health care 3,000,000.00 4,000,000.00 Machakos County

services through Insurance Government, other
coverage programs Partners

2. Nutritional Integration 10,000,000.00 12,000,000.00 Machakos County

Programmes to Orphans Government, other
and Vulnerable Children Partners
(OVC)

3. Capacity Building and 2,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 Machakos County

social protection programs Government, other
for staff and stakeholders Partners

4. Conduct a gaps analysis 2,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 Machakos County

and awareness on human Government, other
rights, disability, and Partners
gender mainstreaming in
social protection programs

5. Advocacy Against Gender- 3,000,000.00 4,000,000.00 Machakos County

Based Violence and design Government, other
of gender empowerment Partners
interventions.

49
6. Sensitization on Drugs and 2,000,000.00 3,000,000.00 Machakos County
Substance Abuse Government, other
Partners

7. Training on Sustainability 4,000,000.00 5,000,000.00 Machakos County

of Income Generating to Government, other
organized groups. Partners

8. Empowerment to organized 45,000,000.00 30,000,000.00 40,000,000.00 Machakos County

groups through grants, Government, other
IGA, and low-interest loans Partners

9. Response and support to 10,000,000.00 20,000,000.00 25,000,000.00 Machakos County

emerging issues affecting Government, other
households (Disaster and Partners
Conflicts).

50
References
Constitution of Kenya 2010;

ILO Social Protection Floors Recommendation 292 (No.202);

The Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees (1951);

The ILO Minimum age (for employment) Convention (1973);

The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (1990);

The International Labour Organization (ILO) Convention on the Worst Forms of Child Labour (1999);

The Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees (1967);

The Retirement Benefits (Revised 2022) Act No.3 of 1997;

The UN Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women (1979);

The UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (1990);

The UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (2006);

Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948);

The African Union Convention Governing the Specific Aspects of Refugee Problems in Africa (1969);

The African Charter on Human and People’s Rights (1981);

The African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990);

51
Public Finance Management Act 2012;
Persons with Disabilities Act No. of 14 (2003);

The National Hospital Insurance Fund (Amendment)Act, 2022;

Social Assistance Act (2013);

Children Act 2022;

Employment Act (2007, Rev. 2012);

Retirement Benefits Act No. 3 of 1997;

Work Injury Benefits Act (2007);

The National Pre-Primary Policy (2017);

Kenya Integrated Housing Budget Survey (KIHBS) 2015-2016 Labour Survey Report;

Kenya Population and Housing Census 2019;

Kenya Poverty Report 2021;

Kenya Demographic and Health Survey 2022;

KNBS Kenya Poverty Report 2021;

KNBS Kenya Poverty Report 2021 Food Poverty Head County (individuals);

KNBS Kenya Poverty Report 2021 Table 4.4 Overall Poverty Estimates (individuals) by area of residence per county;

52
The Kenya Vision 2030;
Kenya National Social Protection Policy 2023;

Development plans such as Kenya Vision 2030, and Medium-Term Plan 3 among others;

Machakos County Water Act, 2014

Machakos County HIV and AIDS Management Act, 2015;

Machakos County Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016;

Machakos County Health Services Act, 2021;

Machakos County Senior Citizens Act,2022;

Machakos Youth Empowerment Act, 2022;

Machakos Integrated Development Plan (CIDP) 2023-2027; and

Machakos County Government Gender Policy 2024.

53