NEET & IITJEE-Mains: Organic Chemistry
UNIT 13: PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Purification - Crystallization, sublimation, distillation, differential extraction, and
chromatography - principles and their applications.
Qualitative analysis - Detection of nitrogen, sulphur, phosphorus, and halogens.
Quantitative analysis (basic principles only) - Estimation of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen,
halogens, sulphur, and phosphorus.
Calculations of empirical formulae and molecular formulae: Numerical problems in organic
quantitative analysis.
UNIT 14: SOME BASIC PRINCIPLES OF ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Tetravalency of carbon, shapes of simple molecules - hybridization (s and p):
classification of organic compounds based on functional groups and those containing
halogens, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur,
homologous series: Isomerism - structural and stereoisomerism.
Nomenclature (Trivial and IUPAC)
Covalent bond fission - Homolytic and heterolytic, free radicals, carbocations and
carbanions, stability of carbocations and free radicals, electrophiles and nucleophiles.
Electronic displacement in a covalent bond - Inductive effect, electromeric effect,
resonance and hyperconjugation.
Common types of organic reactions- Substitution, addition, elimination and
rearrangement.
UNITS 15: HYDROCARBONS
Classification, isomerism, IUPAC nomenclature, general methods of preparation,
properties, and reactions.
Alkanes - Conformations: Sawhorse and Newman projections (of ethane): Mechanism of
halogenation of alkanes.
Alkenes - Geometrical isomerism: Mechanism of electrophilic addition: addition of
hydrogen, halogens, water, hydrogen halides (Markownikoffs and peroxide effect):
Ozonolysis and polymerization.
Alkynes - Acidic character: Addition of hydrogen, halogens, water, and hydrogen halides:
Polymerization.
Aromatic hydrocarbons - Nomenclature, benzene - structure and aromaticity: Mechanism
of electrophilic substitution: halogenation, nitration.
Friedel-Craft's alkylation and acylation, directive influence of the functional group in mono-
substituted benzene.
UNIT 16: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING HALOGENS
General methods of preparation, properties, and reactions; Nature of C-X bond;
Mechanisms of substitution reactions.
Uses; Environmental effects of chloroform, iodoform freons, and DDT.
UNIT 17: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING OXYGEN
General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses.
Alcohols: Identification of primary, secondary & tertiary alcohols: mechanism of
dehydration.
Phenols: Acidic nature, electrophilic substitution reactions: halogenation. nitration and
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sulphonation. Reimer - Tiemann reaction.
Ethers: Structure.
Aldehyde and Ketones: Nature of carbonyl group; Nucleophilic addition to >C=O group,
relative reactivities of aldehydes and ketones; Important reactions such as - Nucleophilic
addition reactions (addition of HCN. NH3, and its derivatives), Grignard reagent; oxidation:
reduction (Wolf Kishner and Clemmensen); the acidity of ∝-hydrogen. aldol condensation,
Cannizzaro reaction. Haloform reaction, Chemical tests to distinguish between aldehydes
and Ketones.
Carboxylic Acids: Acidic strength and factors affecting it,
UNIT 18: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses.
Amines: Nomenclature, classification structure, basic character, and identification of
primary, secondary, and tertiary amines and their basic character.
Diazonium Salts: Importance in synthetic organic chemistry.
UNIT 19: BIOMOLECULES
CARBOHYDRATES - Classification; aldoses and ketoses: monosaccharides (glucose and
fructose) and constituent monosaccharides of oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, and
maltose).
PROTEINS - Elementary Idea of -amino acids, peptide bond, polypeptides. Proteins:
primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structure (qualitative idea only), denaturation
of proteins, enzymes.
VITAMINS – Classification and functions.
NUCLEIC ACIDS – Chemical constitution of DNA and RNA.
Biological functions of nucleic acids.
Hormones (General introduction)
UNIT 20: PRINCIPLES RELATED TO PRACTICAL CHEMISTRY
Detection of extra elements (Nitrogen, Sulphur, halogens) in organic compounds;
Detection of the following functional groups; hydroxyl (alcoholic and phenolic), carbonyl
(aldehyde and ketones) carboxyl, and amino groups in organic compounds.
The chemistry involved in the preparation of the following
Inorganic compounds; Mohr’s salt, potash alum.
Organic compounds: Acetanilide, p-nitro acetanilide, aniline yellow, iodoform.
The chemistry involved in the titrimetric exercises – Acids, bases, and the use of indicators,
oxalic-acid vs KMnO4, Mohr’s salt vs KMnO4
Chemical principles involved in the qualitative salt analysis:
Cations – Pb2+, Cu2+, Al3+, Fe3+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Mg2+, NH4+
Anions- CO32−, S2-, SO42−, NO3-, NO2-, Cl-, Br-, I- (Insoluble salts excluded).
Chemical principles involved in the following experiments:
1. Enthalpy of solution of CuSO4
2. Enthalpy of neutralization of strong acid and strong base.
3. Preparation of lyophilic and lyophobic sols.
4. Kinetic study of the reaction of iodide ions with hydrogen peroxide at room
temperature.
