REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON

REPUBLIC OF CAMEROON
Peace – Work – Fatherland
Peace – Work – Fatherland School logo here *************
************* MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION
MINISTRY OF HIGHER EDUCATION *************
*************

NAME OF SCHOOL

**************

TOPIC HERE.

CASE STUDY: PUT YOUR CASE STUDY

AN INTENSHIP REPORT SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE

REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND)
IN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING

PRESENTED BY:

YOUR NAME
[Document title]
……………………………………

[DOCUMENT SUBTITLE]
PROFFESIONAL SUPERVISOR ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR
Mr./Dr./prof /Egin ASONGAFACK PARTRICK Mr. /Dr. /prof/Egin ASONGAFACK
LYONGA PARTRICK LYONGA

ACADEMIC YEAR 2024/2025

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CERTIFICATION

This is to certify that, this internship report entitled HOTEL RESERVATION MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM was originally written by YOUR FULL NAMESto meet up the partial requirements
and the regulations governing the award of the HIGHER NATIONAL DIPLOMA (HND) in
SOFTWARE ENGINEERING at the NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL and is therefore approved for
its contribution to knowledge and presentation.

ACADEMIC SUPERVISOR PROFESSIONAL SUPERVISOR

Mr. ASONGAFACK PATRICK LYONGA Mr. ASONGAFACK PATRICK LYONGA

DATE: ______________________ DATE: ___________________________

SIGNATURE:_________________ SIGNATURE:______________________

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page i

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

DEDICATION

TO THE BATANG’S FAMILY

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page ii

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This piece of work has been difficult and full with a lot of obstacles but by God’s grace, I was
able to accomplish the task. I give thanks to God almighty who is the mastermind and overall
support system throughout this project.

I also give thanks to all the people around me who supported and encouraged me in one way or
the other;

 Your school president/Your Director: The director of NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL for
providing us with some resources to carry out our project.
 YOUR SUPERVISOR: My professional and academic supervisor for skillful training and
technical lectures he gave me which has contributed a lot in the realization and
complication of this project.
 THE NAME OF HOD: Our departmental head (HOD) for his constant reminders on the
importance of the realization of this project and the consequences of failure or late
submissions.
 To my parents: for all their support and encouragement throughout this project.
 To all my lecturers and the entire staff of NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL.
 To my entire family for their endless prayers and support.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page iii

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

ABSTRACT

Hotel management system is a web based application that works within a centralized network.
This project presents a view of the software program “Hotel Reservation Management System”
as should be used in a hotel booking system, a facility which enables customers to pay for hotel
room before the date of usage to reserve room and also enable the admin to send an email detail
of booking to customers. Hotel Booking Management system is built for managing and
computerizing the traditional database, room booking. It contains all customer details, hotel
details, booking details. In order to archive all these, Structured System Analysis and Design
Methodology (SSADM) was adopted. In addition, the front end of this application was designed
using HTML, CSS and JAVASCRIPT while the back end was designed using PHP and MYSQL.
The software completed is capable of improving customer hand and relationship management in
BISSO HOTEL operations. It is recommended that despite the present functionality of the
designed software, an additional functionality such as the use of an online system using mobile
money should be implemented into the system.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page iv

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

RESUME

Le système de gestion hôtelière est une application Web qui fonctionne au sein d’un réseau
centralisé. Ce projet présente une vue du logiciel "Système de gestion des réservations d'hôtel"
tel qu'il devrait être utilisé dans un système de réservation d'hôtel, une installation qui permet
aux clients de payer une chambre d'hôtel avant la date d'utilisation pour réserver une chambre
et permet également à l'administrateur d'envoyer un e-mail contenant les détails de la
réservation aux clients. Le système de gestion des réservations d’hôtel est conçu pour gérer et
informatiser la base de données traditionnelle de réservation de chambres. Il contient tous les
détails du client, les détails de l'hôtel, les détails de la réservation. Afin d’archiver tout cela, la
méthodologie d’analyse et de conception de systèmes structurés (SSADM) a été adoptée. De
plus, le front-end de cette application a été conçu en utilisant HTML, CSS et JAVASCRIPT
tandis que le back-end a été conçu en utilisant PHP et MYSQL. Le logiciel finalisé est capable
d'améliorer la gestion des relations et des relations clients dans les opérations de BISSO
HOTEL. Il est recommandé que malgré la fonctionnalité actuelle du logiciel conçu, une
fonctionnalité supplémentaire telle que l'utilisation d'un système en ligne utilisant l'argent
mobile soit implémentée dans le système

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page v

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PREFACE

The quest for professionalism of young graduates in the job market is the main reason that led to
the creation of YOUR SCHOOL NAME. YOUR SCHOOL NAME was created to permit young
Cameroonians to acquire the appropriate skills needed to by employers in the competitive job
market. HIPE is located is at Ancient Route Bonabéri, adjacent to pharmacie de
Bonambappe_Douala

NAME OF YOUR SCHOOL was created on the YEAR YOUR SCHOOL WAS CREATED with
authorization number No YOUR SCHOOL AUTHORIZATION NUMBER HERE to run the
following specialties;

SCHOOL OF SCHOOL OF SCHOOL OF SCHOOL OF

MEDICAL
BUSINESS ENGINEERING TOURISM
SCIENCE
 Accountancy  Civil  Laboratory  Hotel
Engineering
 Banking and  Technology  management
Finance  Computer
 Nursing  Tourism
 Marketing and
Management  Engineering  Midwifery  Bakery and
Food
 Logistics and  Electrical  Physiotherapy Processing
Transport Engineering
 Fashion,
 Human  Mechanical Textile
Resource Engineering
Management  Beauty Care

 Executive  Wood  Cosmetics

Technology
 Secretarial
Management

 Projection
Management

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page vi

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Table 1: school of study

IDENTIFICATION FORM

COMPANY NAME: PEFSCOM

ACTIVITY: SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT
CAPITAL: BUEA
CATEGORY: Private Limited Company
CREATION: Year 2014
EMAIL: [email protected]
HEADQUATER: MALINGO STREET
Branch office: Bonaberi-Douala
No OF AGENCIES: 02
P.O.BOX: 25064 DOUALA - CAMEROON
TELEPHONE: +237 683733339/ +237 651914415
WEBSITE: https://pefscomsys.com
Table 2: Identification form

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page vii

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS

CSS: Cascading Style Sheet

ERD: Entity Relationship Diagram.

ERP: Enterprise Resource Planning.

HTML: Hypertext Markup Language.

ICT: Information and Communication Technology.

IT: Information Technology.

JS: Java Script.

MySQL: A combination of “My”, the name of co-founder Michael Widenius’s daughter, and
“SQL”, abbreviation for Structured Query Language.

PHP: Hypertext Pre-processor.

SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle.

XAMPP: Cross Platform Apache Mysql Php Perl.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page viii

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LIST OF TABLES

Table 1 : evolution of internship activities ...................................................................................... 9

Table 2:use case analysis for admin .............................................................................................. 22
Table 3: use case analysis for customer ........................................................................................ 23

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page ix

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

LIST OF DIAGRAMS

Figure 1.0 organizational chart ....................................................................................................... 6

Figure 1.1:System development life cycle .................................................................................... 15
Figure 1.2: Iterative waterfall model ............................................................................................ 16
Figure 2:Usecase diagram ............................................................................................................. 21
Figure 5:Class diagram ................................................................................................................. 23
Figure 6:sequence diagram ........................................................................................................... 24
Figure 7:Activity diagram ............................................................................................................. 25
Figure 8:data flow diagram .......................................................................................................... 26
Figure 9 :Architectural diagram ................................................................................................... 27
Figure 10 : ER diagram ................................................................................................................ 28
Figure 11: Gantt chart ................................................................................................................... 29
Figure 12: Desktop view ............................................................................................................... 32
Figure 13: Admin login ................................................................................................................. 32
Figure 14: Admin Dashboard ........................................................................................................ 33
Figure 15: booking form ............................................................................................................... 33
Figure 16: payment form .............................................................................................................. 34

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page x

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TABLE OF CONTENT

CERTIFICATION ............................................................................................................................ i

DEDICATION ...............................................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ............................................................................................................. iii

ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................................... iv

RESUME ........................................................................................................................................ v

PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................... vi

IDENTIFICATION FORM ........................................................................................................... vii

LIST OF ABREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... viii

LIST OF TABLES ......................................................................................................................... ix

LIST OF DIAGRAMS .................................................................................................................... x

TABLE OF CONTENT ................................................................................................................. xi

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1

CONTEXTUALIZATION OF THE TOPIC ................................................................................... 1

PROBLEM STATEMENT.............................................................................................................. 1

RESEARCH QUESTIONS ............................................................................................................ 1

OBJECTIVES ................................................................................................................................. 1

PLAN OF THE REPORT ............................................................................................................... 2

PART ONE: THE INTERNSHIP FRAMEWORK ......................................................................... 3

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY ....................................... 4

SECTION ONE: PRESENTATION AND MISSION OF PEFSCOM ........................................... 4

HISTORY AND CREATION OF PEFSCOM ................................................................................ 4

SECTION TWO: ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION OF PEFSCOM ...................................... 5

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page xi

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Organizational Structure of the Company ...................................................................................... 5

The Operation of the company ....................................................................................................... 5

CHAPTER TWO: THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES ..................................... 7

EVOLUTION OF ACTIVITIES..................................................................................................... 8

INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES .......................................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.

JUSTIFICATION OF TOPIC ......................................................................................................... 9

PART TWO: POJECT FRAMEWORK ........................................................................................ 10

CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW, MATERIALS AND METHODS .......................11

LITERATURE REVIEW ...............................................................................................................11

DEFINITION OF TERMS ............................................................ Error! Bookmark not defined.

SIMILAR STUDIES ......................................................................................................................11

Study of the existing system ..........................................................................................................11

Functionalities ................................................................................................................................11

Critics of the existing system ........................................................................................................ 12

BRIEF COMPARISM OF SOME SDLC ..................................................................................... 14

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC) ................................................................... 14

CHOICE OF MODEL .................................................................................................................. 13

REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATION ................................................................................ 17

Requirement gathering and analysis ............................................................................................. 17

Software requirement specification (SRS).................................................................................... 17

Functional Requirements .............................................................................................................. 18

Non-Functional Requirements ...................................................................................................... 19

IDENTIFICATION OF ACTORS ................................................................................................ 19

Feasibility study ............................................................................................................................ 20

Review of feasibility study ........................................................................................................... 20

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page xii

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

MATERIALS AND METHODS ...................................................Error! Bookmark not defined.

USE CASE ANALYSES FOR ADMIN ....................................................................................... 21

USECASE ANALYSES FOR CUSTOMER ................................................................................ 22

Class Diagram ............................................................................................................................... 23

Sequence Diagram ........................................................................................................................ 24

Activity DIAGRAM ..................................................................................................................... 25

Technologies used in the development of the project ................................................................... 29

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS ................................................................. 30

INTERFACE OF THE SYSTEM ................................................................................................. 32

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page xiii

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

GENERAL INTRODUCTION

CONTEXTUALIZATION OF THE TOPIC

Hotel industry, as the pillar industry of the tertiary industry, is developing at a rapid pace under
the background of rapid economic growth and strong support for the tourism industry. At the
same time, it also faces fierce competition at home and abroad. In the information age, more and
more hotels choose informationalized management, in order to reflect the competitive advantage
of the enterprise with better services, higher efficiency and lower costs. Hotel Reservation
management system is a very important application to be considered by the hotel industry in
order to facilitate the booking of rooms for costumers. Hotel Reservation management system is
an application which the hotel industry has to take in to consideration in order to eliminate the
manual system (the paper and ink system).

PROBLEM STATEMENT
Currently, the type of system being used in the hotel is the manual system in which the staff has
to write down information of customers and collect payments physically. The main problem
faced by the hotel is that customers have to queue up themselves for a long time in order to
secure a room. So as a result of this, Hotel Reservation management system is recommended to
facilitate the activities. A Hotel Reservation management system is a computerized system which
is used for the reservation of rooms online by clients before their date of usage.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1) What are the key pain points and challenges faced by hotels in their current reservation
management processes?
2) How do existing reservation management systems vary in terms of features, usability, and
effectiveness, and what are the gaps that need to be addressed?
3) What impact does the implementation of a comprehensive reservation management system
have on operational efficiency, customer satisfaction, and revenue generation in hotels?

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 1

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

OBJECTIVES
 Streamlining the reservation process to allow customers to book rooms online
efficiently, reducing manual intervention and errors.
 Creating a centralized database to store all reservation information, guest preferences,
and room availability, enabling easy access and retrieval of data for hotel clients.
 Providing real-time updates on room availability to prevent overbooking and optimize
room utilization.

PLAN OF THE REPORT

This project is made up of two parts (Part one and part two).

Part one is made up of two chapters;

Chapter one which talks of THE GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY and
chapter two which talks of THE EVOLUTION OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

Part two (PROJEC FRAMEWORK) is made up of two chapters;

Chapter three which talks about LITERATURE REVIEW, MATERIALS AND METHOD.

And chapter four talks about THE RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 2

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PART ONE: THE INTERNSHIP

FRAMEWORK

INTRODUCTION:

Part one is made up of two chapters:

Chapter one which talks about the GENERAL PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY AND

Chapter two which talks about the EVOLUTION OF INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 3

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER ONE: GENERAL

PRESENTATION OF THE COMPANY

Chapter one is made up of two sections: section one that talks about the creation and basic
aspects of PEFSCOM and section two that talks about how the company is organized in various
departments, their functions and its location.

INTRODUCTION:

A hotel can be defined as a legal entity formed by a group of individuals to engage in and operate
a business. A hotel may be organized in various ways for tax and financial liability purposes
depending on the corporate law of its jurisdiction. In this chapter, we will be presenting
PEFSCOM including its creation and organization.

SECTION ONE: PRESENTATION AND MISSION OF THE

COMPANY YOU CARRIED YOR INTERNSHIP

I.1. HISTORY AND CREATION OF OF THE COMPANY YOU

CARRIED YOR INTERNSHIP

I.1.1. CREATION:

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 4

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

I.1.2. EVOLUTION OF THE COMPANY YOU CARRIED YOR

INTERNSHIP
:

I.1.3. PRODUCTS AND SERVICES OF THE COMPANY YOU CARRIED

YOR INTERNSHIP
:

PEFSCOM SYSTEM is aimed at create better management system for banks, schools, stores and
also in creating automated system such as programming micro controllers. It also develops
websites for all kind, one of its several services it the training of students and people in other to
become good app and web developers in future.

Though not fully establish the company also purchases a journalism department and is moving
forward for its full growth more to that the company purchases its own television chanel
(pefscom tv).

I.2. SECTION TWO: ORGANIZATION AND LOCATION

OF OF THE COMPANY YOU CARRIED YOR INTERNSHIP

I.2.1. Organizational Structure of the Company

I.2.2. The Operation of the company OF THE COMPANY YOU

CARRIED YOR INTERNSHIP

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 5

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Organigram OF THE COMPANY YOU CARRIED YOR

INTERNSHIP

Figure 1.0 organizational chart

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 6

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER TWO: EVOLUTION OF

INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

Introduction:

In this chapter, we will look at the PRESENTATION OF THE SERVICE HOSTING AT THE
COMPANY and the EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES AND
JUSTIFICATION OF TOPIC.

II.1. PRESENTATION OF THE SERVICE HOSTING AT THE

COMPANY

PRESENTATION AND RECEPTION:

The interns were received by the director. From day one, we got to know all of the company’s
staff, even though they were not present. We also saw some of their applications they were
developing. Also, we discussed with our professional supervisor (director) who talked to us
about the programming domain. Subsequently, we were questioned about our Knowledge and
skills and it gave us the opportunity to also be able to ask our questions and expectations too

Internal environment of the company

PEFSCOM Operates by the following means;

• The effective availability of PEFSCOM staff to meet a request if necessary.

• The methodology noted by its technicians during inventions.

• The PEFSCOM company regularly updates its developers in relation to new products and
needs of the market.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 7

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

• The developers are all capable of working on a varied range of software development.

Suppliers

They supply PEFSCOM with requirements such as computer consumables and maintain
professional relationships. We can cite among others;

 NDOTIRA

 HEWLETT PACKARD

 DELL

 PROLAMPE

Customers

They are classified into two categories;

Regular: They are registered in a solid company database. These are clients with whom the
company constantly deals with (clients with contracts).

Irregular: They come for punctual services without any contractual agreement

II.2. EVOLUTION OF THE INTERNSHIP ACTIVITIES

II.2.1. Task Carried Out

Summaries and records of activities were taken on a weekly basis as follows:

Week Activity Lesson learnt

From 1st June to June 9th We had our first contact with We learnt what all the
the working environment. enterprises activities focus on
Meeting with the staff and
establishing the first contact
with them.
From 12th June to June 16th We learnt how to design a flier How to choose a perfect scale
using micro media fireworks when coding a flier
and html/CSS
From 19th June to June 23th We created dashboards using Introduction to desktop

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 8

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

windows form applications application development

From 26th June to June 30th We were taught how to Further studies on desktop
include SMS API in application development
applications.
From 3rd July to July 7th Designing simple forms and Introduction to web
linking to database using PHP development
From 10th July to July 14th Designing smart applications how to code with Arduino
using Arduino

Table 3 : evolution of internship activities

II.2.2. JUSTIFICATION OF TOPIC

This study is important because the proposed web application will help to ease booking in the
focused organization.
To Customers: the application will enable clients to book their rooms from home without
necessarily having to go to the hotel. This will save time and limit the stress encountered by
clients in the process of booking rooms manually.
To the workers: The proposed application will also benefit the workers because they will not
need to enter their records manually which is good because it will limit the stress and delay.
To the entire organization: The organization will benefit as well because with the application
they can attend to several people at a time and have more profit unlike if they were attending to
one client at a time. They will also be able to keep their records safe and secured on a database.

PARTIAL CONCLUSION
This chapter explains all the skills acquired during my internship period. Some of
which include:

 Networking.
 Mastering the basics of My SQL, Php CSS and Java script.
 Design web application using arduino
 Full stack web development.
 Desktop Application.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 9

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

PART TWO: POJECT FRAMEWORK

In this part, we will talk about 2 chapters; that is, chapter three and chapter four.

Chapter three is on LITERATURE REVIEW, MATERIALS AND METHODS and

Chapter four is on RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 10

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER THREE: LITERATURE REVIEW,

MATERIALS AND METHODS

III.1. LITERATURE REVIEW

INTRODUCTION
A hotel reservation management system is a software solution that automates the process of
managing hotel bookings and guest information. Its importance lies in streamlining operations,
minimizing errors, maximizing room occupancy, and enhancing guest satisfaction. By providing
real-time updates on room availability, guest interactions, and comprehensive reporting, a Hotel
Management System helps hotels optimize revenue and stay competitive in the
hospitality industry.

III.1.1. Study of the existing system

Before the automated reservation system, booking of rooms, reservation and storing of
information was done by paper and ink (manual system) which had many limitations. During the
research and analyses I carried out, the following factors were noted;

 Accumulation of paper work in nearly all the cashiers

 No back up of information
 A long queue in front of the cashier to book reservation

Hence the company used a bookkeeping system where records are maintained by hand

Functionalities
The existing system is a manual system which has the following functionalities;

 Booking of rooms by customers manually

 Making payments

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 11

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Keeping records in books

Critics of the existing system

1. Takes a lot of space: this is the biggest downfall to manual system because once the company
will start growing the storage of information will become huge and more complicated.

2. Lack of data security: there are so many ways in which files can be damage, lost or
misplaced. A fire incident or a natural disaster could mean the loss of all the user’s information.

3. Hard to make changes: here the editing process is more time consuming than if we were
working with digital copies.

4. Requires more effort: it takes more effort to keep tracks of paper document to find
information and to keep detail secured

5. Time consuming: it takes a long time to find a particular file depending on how well the
organization is as a result of this customer as well as employees can get annoyed and
discouraged

Research Findings:

1. Johnson, A., & Smith, J. (2018). "Impact of Hotel Management Systems on Operational
Efficiency." In this study, Johnson and Smith investigate the impact of hotel management
systems on operational efficiency. The research highlights how these systems streamline various
hotel operations, such as reservations, check-in/check-out, inventory management, and guest
services. The findings reveal improved efficiency and cost savings associated with the adoption
of hotel management systems.

2. Brown, L., et al. (2020). "Enhancing Guest Satisfaction through Technology in Hotel
Management." Brown and colleagues explore the role of technology, including hotel
management systems, in enhancing guest satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of
efficient guest service, personalized experiences, and seamless communication enabled by these
systems. The findings indicate a positive correlation between the implementation of hotel
management systems and increased guest satisfaction.

The study explores the benefits of web platforms for tasks such as web check-in, room service
requests. The findings highlight improved guest convenience, enhanced communication, and
increased operational efficiency through web app integration.

Conclusion:

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 12

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

This literature review has presented research findings obtained through online research on hotel
management systems. The studies highlighted the benefits of these systems, including improved
operational efficiency, enhanced guest satisfaction, data-driven decision-making, cybersecurity
considerations, and the integration of web applications. By referencing the original authors and
sources, this review acknowledges the contributions of previous researchers in the field. These
findings serve as a foundation for further exploration and understanding of hotel
management systems.

III.1.2. SIMILAR STUDIES

With the evolution of this project, I had to do research at the national and international level in
order to implement my project to the best of my abilities and reduce vulnerabilities to the lowest
point, at the national and international level I had to study and review the functioning of some
projects which were similar to mine, examples include; cloudbed application, Bookinglayer web
application.
After carrying out my studies I came out with the following results
National level
Strong point
 Create awareness
 Saves time
 Reduces cost
 Help reduce stress
Weak point
 Low level of interaction in web application
 Low server capacity due to lack of server in Africa
 Loss of data

III.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS

III.2.1. CHOICE OF MODEL

ITERATIVE WATERFALL MODEL

I used the Iterative model for the development of Hotel management system web application.
The iterative model breaks down the development process of a large software application into

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 13

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

smaller pieces. It is a particular implementation of a software development life cycle that focuses
on an initial, simplified implementation, which then progressively gains more complexity and a
broader feature set until the final system is complete. The requirements of the system are defined
and understood clearly.

III.2.2. BRIEF COMPARISM OF SOME SDLC

WATERFALL MODEL: is the simplest model of software development paradigm. It is a linear
model, hat is the second phase will start only when the first phase is finished. Hence it has the
following limitations:

 Customer cannot use system until system is completely built

 Once you finish a stage you cannot go back and do some modifications

ITERATIVE MODEL: This model leads the software development process. In iteration the
software is first developed on very small scale and all the steps are followed which are taken in
to consideration. Then for every next iteration, more features and modules are designed, coded,
tested and added to the software.

V-Shape model: A major drawback of waterfall model is we move to the next stage only when
the previous one is finished and there was no chance to go back if something wrong was found.
Hence the v-model provides means of software testing at each stage in reverse manner.

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE (SDLC)

SDLC is a process followed for a software project, within a software organization. It consists of
a detailed plan describing how to develop, maintain, replace and alter or enhance specific
software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the quality of software and the
overall development process. The following figure is a graphical representation of the various
stages of a typical SDLC.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 14

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 1.1: System development life cycle

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 15

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 1.2: Iterative waterfall model

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 16

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATION

Project specification is a document used for successful project management that defines the
management plan of a project as a whole. It lists the needs, objectives, constraints, expected
features, and budget as accurately as possible. Remember that the specification of requirements
does not require any expert knowledge. The main aim of this document is to collect all
functionalities that the system needs to have in accessible and structured way. This phase consists
of two activities; - Requirement gathering and analysis - Requirement specification
Requirement gathering and analysis
The goal here is to collect relevant information from hotels and customers regarding the
application to be developed and analyzed. This is done to clearly understand the requirements of
the customer, so that incompleteness and inconsistencies are removed.
This is done by:
 Interviewing the hotel administration
 Interviewing regular customers in the hotel
Software requirement specification (SRS)
An SRS forms the basis of an organization’s entire project. It sets out the framework that all the
development teams will follow. It provides critical information to all teams, including
development operation, quality assurance (QA) and maintenance, ensuring the teams are in
agreement.

A software requirement specification is also a document that describes what the software will do
and how it will be expected to perform. It also describes the functionality and the products need
to fulfill all stakeholders that is, either business or user’s needs
This requirement will be divided into two major parts;
-Functional requirements.
-Non-functional requirements.
Functional requirements are needs related to the technical functionality of the system.
Functional requirements state how the users will interact with application, so that the application
must be able to comply and be testable, the functional requirements may include descriptions of;
 Content to be created and published in the style

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 17

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

 Operations performed by each screen

 Content approval work-flow process

Non-functional requirements on the other hand specify the criteria that can be used to judge the
operation of a system in particular. These are conditions rather than specific behaviors, that is,
functional requirements define what a system is supposed to do, meanwhile non-functional
define how a system is supposed to be. Non-functional requirements are often called attributes of
a system

Some few differences may include;

Functional Requirements Non Functional Requirements

-They define a system or its components -They define the quality attribute of a
system
-Specifies what the system should do -Specifies how the system is supposed to
be
-Captured in use case -Captured as a quality attribute
-It is mandatory to meet these requirements -Not mandatory to meet these requirements
-Easy to define -Difficult to define
-Focus on user requirement -Focus on user expectation
-Define product feature -Define product property

Table 4: Differences between functional and non-functional requirements

According to the explanations and differences above, I finally came up with the functional and
non-functional requirements for the project which are as follows;
Functional Requirements
1. Admin login
-The admin should be able to login to the system when he inputs the correct password and
username.
2. Book room
-The customers should be able to submit their details and pay for their rooms.
3. send confirmation message
-The system should be able to collect a customer’s details and send a confirmation message to
the customer

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 18

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Administrative Functions
1. Manages Customer information
-The admin will have the responsibility to manage user’s information.

Non-Functional Requirements
-You can access the web application anywhere with help of a browser
-The web application can run on multiple platforms regardless of the operating system or
devices as long as the browser is compatible.
-The website shall be developed using HTML, CSS, MYSQL and PHP.
-An email should be received by the user to confirm the reservation.
IDENTIFICATION OF ACTORS
This project “Hotel reservation management system” is made up of two actors (module) which
are Admin and Customer who both have different operations that they can perform on the web
application.

Admin

 can login
 can manage users information

Customer

 can login
 can reserve a room

Features of Hotel reservation management Web application

 Admin Login
 Book rooms (By customers)
 Manages customer information(By admin)
 Send confirmation email
 Make payment

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 19

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Feasibility study
This study gave me the complete run down of the entire requirements of the project i.e.:

 Economic feasibility: This evaluates cost of software development against the ultimate
income or benefit gets from the developed system.
 Technical feasibility: Here, analyses, alternatives for hardware, software and general
design approach are determined to be available, appropriate and functional.
 Operational feasibility: This study tests the operational scope of the software to be
developed.

Review of feasibility study

Economic feasibility

 Cost of software.
 Hosting plan.
 Deployment Cost

Technological feasibility

 Programming Skills
 Design Skills

Operational feasibility

 Reservation
 Login

Diagrams and definition

As earlier explained, a Hotel Reservation management system is an automated system that
assists in the daily transactions of most hotels for both the customer and the staff of the hotel.
Here, the Admin can use the features of CRUD and manage customer information. CRUD stands
for CREATE, READ, DELETE and UPDATE.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 20

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Use case Diagram

Figure 2: Use case diagram

In this use case, two people can interact with the system that is there are 2 actors in the system:
The admin and the client (Customer).
USE CASE ANALYSES FOR ADMIN
USE CASE NAME: LOGIN
ACTOR(S): ADMIN
TRIGGER: When the admin hits the Login button on the home page
The counter is on the online panel of the reservation system on the
PRE-CONDITION
web application.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 21

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

1. Enter login credentials (that is email and password)

2. Click on login button
NORMAL COURSE 3. System verifies and validates credentials entered
4. System gets user-input and searches it in the database
5. System retrieves user information from database
ALTERNATIVE If entered credential is not valid; System displays login form with
COURSE an error message and the normal course is repeated from step 1.
POST-CONDITION The application redirects counter to the dashboard.
ASSUMPTION The actor is in front of the connection interface.

Table 5: use case analysis for admin

USECASE ANALYSES FOR CUSTOMER
USE CASE NAME: Room Reservation
ACTOR(S) Customer
TRIGGER When actor hits the Book Now button on the home page
The actor is on the login form after that is done, he enters the
PRE-CONDITION
online reservation platform
1. View reservation information
2. On reservation platform, select room type, check in and
check out date and check in time
NORMAL COURSE
3. Fill In all the information required
4. Click on submit and the system redirect the customer profile
where he can view booking details
 If all information entered is valid: booked successfully
ALTERNATIVE
 if there is a mistake with the information entered, display
COURSE
form with error message
The application records information entered by user, into the
POST-CONDITION
database.
ASSUMPTION The actor booked room on the web application.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 22

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Table 6: use case analysis for customer

Figure 5: Class diagram

In the class diagram as shown above, the Customer has the attributes: Name, email, Address,
password, contact and has the ability to carry out operations such as: register, login, booking
rooms, make payments, send feedback, view profile and logout. The Admin on the other hand
has a name and password which enables him to login, update password, view booking details,
manage room, view feedback, manage customers and finally logout. The application system is
the link between the customer and the admin. It allows the customer to input his information and
allows the admin to view the information.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 23

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Sequence Diagram

Figure 6: sequence diagram

In the sequence diagram above, the customer is able to check, select and submit details on the
system and make payment for a room and the admin is able to view the customer’s details.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 24

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Activity DIAGRAM

Figure 7: Activity diagram

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 25

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 8: data flow diagram

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 26

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Client

Web server

Apache server
Static content
Database
1. HTML
2. CSS 1. MYSQL
3. Bootstrap
Dynamic content

1. PHP

2. JavaScript

Figure 9: Architectural diagram

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 27

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 10: ER diagram

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 28

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 11: Gantt chart

Technologies used in the development of the project

Language: HTML, CSS, PHP, Java script.

Text editor: Visual studio.

Database used: MySQL.

Browser used: Google Chrome

Software Used: XAMMP.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 29

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

CHAPTER FOUR: RESULTS AND

DISCUSSIONS

TESTING

It involves the execution of a software component or system component to evaluate one or more
properties of interest. It is a method to check whether the actual software product matches
expected requirements and to ensure that the software product is defect free. It involves
execution of software components using manual or automated tools to evaluate one or more
properties of interest. Below are different testing strategies;

UNIT TESTING

It emphasizes the verification effort on the smallest unit of software design that is, a software
component or module. Unit testing is a dynamic method for verification where programs are
actually compiled and executed. Unit testing is performed in parallel with the coding phase. It
tests units or modules and not the whole software.

INTEGRATION TESTING

It is a phase in software testing in which individual software modules are combined and tested
as a group. Integration testing is conducted to evaluate the compliance of a system or component
with specified functional requirements.

VALIDATION TESTING

Validation testing ensures that the product actually meets the clients need. It can also be defined
as to demonstrate that the product fulfills its intended use when deployed on appropriate
environment.

Providing test tools

Testing Tools

Tools from a software testing context can be defined as a product that supports one or more test
activities right from planning, requirements, creating a build, test execution, defect logging and
test analysis.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 30

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

TOOL IMPLEMENTATION PROCESS

 Evaluating the options and Shortlisting the ones that are meets the requirement.

 Analyze the problem carefully to identify the strength, weakness and opportunities.

 Developing the Proof of Concept which captures the pros and cons

 Create a Pilot Project using the selected tool within a specified team

 Rolling out the tool phase wise across the organization. Above all , there then Most preferable
test tool is the Test Management Tool due to the fact that;

 It helps in gathering data out of an automated test.

 Helps to define requirements and risks, design test cases, plan test runs, analyze test result, and
manage related issues.

 It makes work easier and reusable.

METHODOLOGY
After these comparisons made, the different models, the model of reference used in this project is
the iterative model reasons being that it is very easy to understand and use. With this model, we
can easily correct errors committed during the development phase thus reducing cost of testing
the system at higher stage

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 31

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

INTERFACE OF THE SYSTEM

Figure 12: Desktop view

Figure 13: Admin login

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 32

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 14: Admin Dashboard

Figure 15: booking form

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 33

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Figure 16: payment form

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 34

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

GENERAL CONCLUSION

In this project, the development of HOTEL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM was to

facilitate the booking of rooms in the hotel industry. The system is a low-cost, simple, user
friendly system. I learned a lot from developing this project, research done from the internet
increased my skills and abilities as a Software developer especially in developing databases and
program designing.

Moreover, internship is a really good program recommended to all students. It helps to enhance
and develop skills, abilities and knowledge. It was a good experience for me and I gained a lot of
knowledge from there.

DIFFICULTIES ENCOUNTERED DURING THE INTERNSHIP

During the internship and while carrying out this project, I went through many difficulties such
as;

a. TECHNICAL ISSUES: Lack of skills in some programing languages such as PHP and Java
Script gave me a lot of difficulties.

b. SOCIAL ISSUES: The main social problem I faced was to get an admission for internship
because part of the criterion demanded by most companies was for the student to have a
Bachelor degree.

c. MATERIAL ISSUES: The main problem I faced materially was with my machine’s battery
power, which was not of good quality and its autonomy was not high enough to enable me work
for long period of time without electricity.

PERSPECTIVES

As technology keeps on developing and new requirements come up every day, my work cannot
be said to be complete. The work I have done meets the requirements and objectives set at the
beginning of the internship. However, it can still evolve and be improved.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 35

 DESIGN AND IMPLIMENTATION OF HOTEL RESERVATION
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

BIBIOGRAPHY

1. Smith, J. (2018). Evolution of hotel reservation systems. Journal of Hospitality Technology,

10(2), 45-60.

2. Johnson, A. B., & Brown, C. D. (2020). Benefits and challenges of hotel reservation

management systems. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 35(3), 321-336.

3. Anderson, R., & Williams, L. (2019). Integration complexity in hotel reservation

management systems. Journal of Information Technology in Hospitality, 25(4), 567-582.

WRITTEN AND PRESENTED BY YOUR FULL NAMES Page 36