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 Fifth Edition

The Career
Adventure
Your Guide to Personal Assessment,
Career Exploration, and Decision Making

Susan M. Johnston
Marine Corps University

Boston • Columbus • Indianapolis • New York • San Francisco • Upper Saddle River
Amsterdam • Cape Town • Dubai • London • Madrid • Milan • Munich • Paris • Montréal • Toronto
Delhi • Mexico City • São Paulo • Sydney • Hong Kong • Seoul • Singapore • Taipei • Tokyo
 Dedication
To my husband Jack, and my sons Charlie, Mitch, and Russ . . .
my deepest gratitude for your love and support.

Editor-in-Chief: Jodie McPherson

Executive Marketing Manager: Amy Judd
Acquisitions Editor: Katie Mahan
Editorial Assistant: Erin Carreiro
Senior Production Project Manager: Beth Houston
Editorial Production Service: Electronic Publishing Services Inc., NYC
Manufacturing Buyer: Dennis Para
Text Printer: Edwards Brothers Malloy
Cover Printer: Lehigh-Phoenix Color
Electronic Composition: Aptara®, Inc.
Senior Designer: Beth Paquin
Interior Design: Electronic Publishing Services Inc., NYC
Cover Design: Studio Montage
Cover Image: Philip and Karen Smith/Getty Images

Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook
appear on the appropriate page within text.

Copyright © 2014, 2006, 2002 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Manufactured in the United
States of America. This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the
publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form or by
any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise. To obtain permission(s) to use
material from this work, please submit a written request to Pearson Education, Inc., Permissions Department,
One Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, NJ, 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290.

Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks.
Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designa-
tions have been printed in initial caps or all caps.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Johnston, Susan M.
The career adventure : your guide to personal assessment, career exploration, and decision making / Susan
M. Johnston, Marine Corps University.—Fifth Edition.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-248119-9
ISBN-10: 0-13-248119-7
1. Vocational guidance. 2. Vocational interests. 3. Self-evaluation. 4. Job hunting. 5. College
students—Employment. I. Title.
HF5381.J574 2014
650.14—dc23
2013015068

10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

ISBN-10: 0-13-248119-7
ISBN-13: 978-0-13-248119-9
 About the Author
With approximately thirty years of experience in career development and coun-
seling, Susan M. Johnston has had the opportunity to work closely with
hundreds of students and clients who have chosen to take on the challenge of
career planning. As an instructor in career planning and a private practice
career advisor, she has guided individuals through the process of self-
assessment, career exploration, and decision making to achieve their career
goals. Prior to her classroom and private practice experience, she held
positions at Sinclair Community College in the area of Cooperative Education
and with the Career Planning and Placement Center. In addition to her
teaching and counseling services, she is Director of Institutional Research,
Assessment and Planning at Marine Corps University, Quantico, Virginia, the
graduate professional military education school of the Marine Corps.
Susan graduated summa cum laude from Wright State University with a B.A. in
Communications and holds an M.S.Ed. in Counseling from the University of Dayton.
She holds a Ph.D. in Workforce Development and Education from The Ohio State
University. In past positions, she has been on assignment with the State Department
in India for the U.S. Information Agency, and prior to her experience as an educator,
she was a contract negotiator for the U.S. Air Force. She is an active member of the
American Counseling Association and the National Career Development Association.
Her research interests include psychological factors influencing career transition and
the factors influencing performance in high-stress, high-stakes settings.
Susan is a resident of Fredericksburg, Virginia, whose oldest son, Charles, is a
major in the United States Marine Corps and the father of three daughters. Susan’s
middle son, Mitch, is a CPA currently pursuing a Masters in Business at Purdue
University. Her youngest son, Russ, is an investment banker in Chicago.

iii
This page intentionally left blank
 Contents
Preface xi
Introduction xv
College Career Planning Year by Year xvii

PART I Self-Assessment 1
LEARNING ABOUT YOURSELF

1 Creating Your Dream 3

WHO ARE YOU? WHO WOULD YOU LIKE TO BE? 3
1.1 Career Adventure Café: A New Concept for Career Success 5
FACEBOOK IT 6

2 Discovering Yourself 7
Motivations, Life Stages, and Values

MOTIVATIONS: WHAT DRIVES YOU? 7

2.1 Maslow’s Pyramid 10
LIFE STAGES: WHERE DO YOU FIT? 11
2.2 Your Current Life Stage 13
VALUES: HOW WELL DO YOU KNOW YOURSELF? 14
2.3 Distinguishing Your Values 15
2.4 Pulling It All Together 17
A LOOK BACK 18
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 18
FACEBOOK IT 19
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 19
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 19

3 Continuing Your Self-Discovery 21

Skills, Personality, and Interests

ABILITIES/SKILLS: WERE YOU BORN WITH THEM? CAN YOU LEARN THEM? 21
3.1 Acknowledge Your Abilities, Value Your Skills 25
TRANSFERABLE SKILLS 25
3.2 Your Transferable Skills 26
ARE YOU WORKPLACE COMPETENT? 28
3.3 On-the-Job Know-How 30
WHAT MAKES YOUR PERSONALITY UNIQUE? 32
v
vi CONTENTS

Jung’s Psychological Types 32

3.4 Identifying Your Type 33
Fitting the Pieces Together 35
3.5 A Glimpse in the Mirror 37
A Cautionary Note 38
How Personalities Complement One Another 38
3.6 Love–Hate Between Types 40
WHAT DO YOU ENJOY DOING? 40
3.7 Assessing Your Interests 42
3.8 Pulling It All Together 43
A LOOK BACK 44
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 45
FACEBOOK IT 45
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 45
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 46

PART II Career Exploration 47

LEARNING ABOUT THE WORLD OF WORK

4 Exploring the World of Work 49

HOW CAN UNCLE SAM HELP? 50
Department of Labor Resources 50
4.1 Finding Your Way Around Department of Labor Data 52
INTERNET RESOURCES: CAREER DATABASE OR DATA DUMP? 54
TO BLOG OR NOT TO BLOG? 56
4.2 Searching the Sites 57
WHAT IS COMPUTER-ASSISTED CAREER GUIDANCE? 57
Discover, Sigi3, Pinpoint 58
WHICH WAY TO YOUR COLLEGE CAREER CENTER? 58
WHAT’S THE BIG PICTURE? 59
4.3 Understanding Workplace Trends 62
TRYING OUT A CAREER 63
“Is This Right for Me?” 63
Classroom Study 63
4.4 Sampling Careers 64
Community Resources 64
4.5 Learning from Your Community 64
4.6 Acquiring Hands-on Experience 65
Part-Time Employment 65
Cooperative Education/Internship Opportunities 65
4.7 Finding a Setting to Hone Your Skills 66
4.8 Pulling It All Together 66
A LOOK BACK 67
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 67
 CONTENTS vii

FACEBOOK IT 68
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 68
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 69

5 Networking 71
Establishing Contacts and Support

IDENTIFYING YOUR EXISTING NETWORK 72

5.1 Your FOY Club 72
EXPANDING YOUR NETWORK 74
5.2 Develop Contacts 76
INFORMATION NETWORKING 78
ARRANGING YOUR NETWORK MEETING 78
5.3 Practice Your Telephone Style 78
PREPARING FOR YOUR NETWORK MEETING 80
FOLLOWING UP 81
FINDING MENTORS AND SPONSORS 82
JOB SHADOWING 83
5.4 Pulling It All Together 84
A LOOK BACK 86
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 86
FACEBOOK IT 87
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 87
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 88

6 Decision Making and Goal Setting 89

DECISION-MAKING STYLES 90
DECISION-MAKING TECHNIQUES 90
WHAT ARE YOUR PRIORITIES? WHAT ARE YOUR OPTIONS? 91
6.1 Career Option Checklist 91
WHAT ARE YOUR GOALS? 92
6.2 Your Long-Term Goal 93
WHAT’S NEXT? 93
6.3 Fact Finding 93
THE ONE-YEAR PLAN OF ACTION 95
6.4 Setting Short-Term Goals 95
CONSOLIDATING YOUR RESOURCES 96
DEALING WITH UNCERTAINTY: INFORMATION AND AFFIRMATIONS 98
6.5 Positive Self-Talk 99
6.6 Pulling It All Together 100
A LOOK BACK 100
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 101
FACEBOOK IT 101
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 101
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 102
viii CONTENTS

PART III The Job Campaign 103

ORGANIZING YOUR SEARCH

7 Designing Your Resume and Cover Letters 105

CONVEYING WHO YOU ARE 105
THERE’S NO SUCH THING AS A “SUREFIRE” RESUME 106
RESUME STYLES 106
Chronological Resume 106
Functional Resume 108
Achievement/Accomplishment Resume 108
WHICH STYLE IS RIGHT FOR YOU? 111
DEVELOPING CONTENT FOR YOUR RESUME 111
7.1 Finding Parallel Skills 112
COMPONENTS OF A RESUME 113
Component 1: The Identifiers 113
Component 2: The Summary/Profile 113
7.2 A Practice Summary Statement 114
Component 3: Skills 115
7.3 Highlighting Your Skills 116
Component 4: Employment History/Work Experience 117
7.4 Showcasing Your Work Experience 118
Component 5: Education/Training 119
Component 6: Related Information 120
7.5 The Whole You 120
APPEARANCE, FORMAT, AND ELECTRONIC DISTRIBUTION 121
THE STEPS IN FINDING A JOB 122
THE COVER LETTER 123
7.6 Writing a Persuasive Cover Letter 125
JOB APPLICATIONS 126
CAREER PORTFOLIOS 127
7.7 Pulling It All Together 128
A LOOK BACK 130
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 131
FACEBOOK IT 131
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 131
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 132

8 Interviewing with Confidence 133

PREPARING YOURSELF TO INTERVIEW 133
THE DYNAMICS OF INTERVIEWING 134
An Exchange of Information 134
A Sales Presentation 134
A Social Occasion 134
 CONTENTS ix

A Theatrical Performance 135

ASPECTS OF THE INTERVIEW YOU CONTROL 135
Variable 1: Your Appearance 135
8.1 Mirror, Mirror on the Wall . . . 136
Variable 2: Questions and Answers 136
8.2 Telling, Not Bragging 138
8.3 Sample Interview Questions 139
Variable 3: Nonverbal Cues 140
8.4 How Am I Acting? 141
Variable 4: The Interview’s Tone 142
Variable 5: It’s Your Turn to Ask 142
8.5 Prepare Your Questions 143
TELEPHONE AND ONLINE INTERVIEWING 144
KEEP YOUR FOCUS 144
8.6 Visualize Your Success 145
YOUR INTERVIEW GOALS 145
8.7 Pulling It All Together 146
A LOOK BACK 146
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 146
FACEBOOK IT 147
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 147
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 148

9 Developing Job Leads 149

THE HIDDEN JOB MARKET 149
ALERTING YOUR NETWORK 150
9.1 Enlist Your Network’s Support 151
ACCEPTING SUPPORT 152
MARKETING YOURSELF 152
USING THE INTERNET 154
RESEARCHING EMPLOYERS AND JOBS ELECTRONICALLY 154
Staying Aware of the Electronic World 156
ENLARGING YOUR NETWORK 157
9.2 Generating Interviews 158
BE ORGANIZED AND PERSISTENT 159
9.3 The Mini-Campaign 159
BEING A RESOURCE TO SOMEONE ELSE 160
9.4 Pulling It All Together 160
A LOOK BACK 161
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 161
FACEBOOK IT 162
OTHER SOURCES AND SUGGESTED READING 162
WEB SITES AND INTERNET RESOURCES 162
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x CONTENTS

10 Continuing Your Adventure 163

UNDERSTANDING YOUR EMPLOYER’S EXPECTATIONS 163
The New Rules for Workplace Survival 164
Tried but True Rules for Keeping Your Job 164
THE WORLD OF HUMAN CAPITAL 164
WIGGLING AROUND 165
YOUR CAREER: A WORK “IN PROCESS” 165
CAREER ADVENTURE CAFÉ 166

Appendix 167
SAMPLE RESUMES AND COVER LETTERS 167
References 173
Index 179

NOTE: Every effort has been made to provide accurate and current Internet information in this book.
However, the Internet and information posted on it are constantly changing, so it is inevitable that some
of the Internet addresses listed in this textbook will change.
 Preface
NEW TO THE FIFTH EDITION OF THE CAREER ADVENTURE:
YOUR GUIDE TO PERSONAL ASSESSMENT, CAREER
EXPLORATION, AND DECISION MAKING
■ Offers strong foundational information with opportunities to use tools that accom-

plish career goals, so students are encouraged to implement knowledge and methods
available to see immediate results.
■ Builds on students’ experiences as a base for development and decision making by

referring to their own context as a frame of reference for processing new career perspec-
tives. The internal dialogue sets the stage for social communication that informs and
validates the career planning experience.
■ Shows how to set up social media outlets that connect students to the larger real

world in which their actual career goals will be achieved. They are guided through
using powerful tools of communication to frame career accomplishments.
■ The Career Adventure Café is a unique social networking tool that leverages the

power of peer interaction and engagement to inform and encourage career develop-
ment and enables students to work collaboratively to move toward individual goals.
The CA Café is an option created through Facebook that invites students into a
shared adventure in which they pool their experiences and pace one another’s prog-
ress. It allows students to support each other through the difficulties and celebrate
the successes.
■ The modular format allows students to focus on the aspect of career development

most important to their immediate growth.

Choosing a career is an exciting process of self-discovery. It draws you out into the
world to explore careers and sets your path with decisions that will result in insight,
growth, and reward. This journey is most fulfilling when undertaken with a belief in
yourself, a willingness to risk, and a sense of humor! The adventure does not end when
a career is chosen—the career is always a work in progress and continues to change as
the adventurer grows and changes.
The most important resource in any career adventure is you—the person who
explores new vistas and makes the career choice. The Career Adventure: Your Guide to
Personal Assessment, Career Exploration, and Decision Making, Fifth Edition, is designed
to actively engage readers in planning their own careers. The exercises and activities
found throughout the book make the adventure an interactive one; you are encouraged
to consider thoughtfully each step of the journey, building confidence as you see your
decisions yield results. This edition expands the process to include the power of social
networking, connecting each person as part of a unique collaborative community sup-
porting the goals of each member.
The book is divided into three parts. Part One, “Self-Assessment: Learning About
Yourself,” focuses on self-knowledge and discovery. Students explore career dreams,
motivations, values, life stages, abilities and skills, personality, and interests. In this

xi
xii P R E FA C E

edition, the opportunity to share aspects of the assessment process offers a way of
expanding your understanding of who you are and how you function in the world.
Examining these areas begins the process of discernment that is critical to making a
meaningful career choice.
Part Two, “Career Exploration: Learning About the World of Work,” guides you
through the career market and trends and investigates government resources and other
publications. Important discussions of networking and decision making and “trying
out” careers, accompanied by practical exercises, help readers set goals and then
formulate plans and develop skills to achieve those goals. Throughout, you can
leverage the power of social networking to expand your world and reach out beyond
the limits of conventional career and job exploration through digital connections.
Part Three, “The Job Campaign: Organizing Your Search,” looks at the job search,
examining the details of resume writing, interviewing, and marketing skills. You will
have an immediate opportunity to apply new skills when working through the exer-
cises. Even students who do not plan to enter the full-time job market immediately will
benefit greatly from the information in Part Three. The power of social networking is
fully available in this section of this edition by connecting you to sources of informa-
tion and forging relationships that will jump-start your search for the right career
opportunity, the right opportunity for growth as a professional.
This fifth edition of The Career Adventure takes a fresh look at the adventure of
career planning and the influence of technology and globalization on the process
and landscape of career development. Perhaps no field has been influenced as pro-
foundly by the explosion of information and digital tools as has career planning.
Finding information is easy. Indeed, we’re buried in data. Developing the critical-
thinking skill to understand your priorities and move decisively is at the core of the
fifth edition.
All of the resources available from prior editions are amplified in this edition with
a new and powerful option—the use of social networking tools to connect and expand
your range as you move through the phases of career development. Options to create
social networking sites individually and as a class connect you to your fellow students
and to the people outside the class as allies and sources of information for development
and decision making. Whether you are a digital native or a digital immigrant adapting
to the new methods of connecting, you will find tools to help you navigate self-
assessment, career exploration, and job seeking with help from Facebook, LinkedIn,
Twitter, and a number of information outlets. As in prior editions, search techniques
that minimize “Web wandering” are included. This precludes the temptation on the
part of career explorers and job seekers to stray from the main path and avoid
information cul-de-sacs.
The economic meltdown that reconfigured the career landscape has left an
impact on our understanding of jobs in the United States. Careers have become
increasingly volatile, and the ability to gather data and analyze information will
become more and more important in influencing career decisions. The transition
from an amped-up growth economy to a job marketplace fraught with uncertainty left
many career and job seekers feeling anxious and uncertain. The challenge to take
responsibility for managing your own career has never been greater nor has it required
more intelligent evaluation of career data and economic trends. The global economy
and the technology that fuels information transfer will continue to influence the fac-
tors that create jobs and wealth. The fifth edition of The Career Adventure
emphasizes the use of analytical skills and digital connectivity to make your own suc-
cess in a volatile marketplace. Practicing the skills associated with this model will put
 P R E FA C E xiii

you miles ahead of your career competition. This edition builds on step-by-step
growth, with practical guides that allow you to progress in a calm, self-directed way
toward your goal, aware of economic swings, but far from intimidated by them. And
the connections and relationships you build now will be a resource on which you can
rely as you continue your career.
Suggestions for group discussions appear throughout the book, giving you the
opportunity to interact with peers, instructors, administrators, and the community
both face to face and in digital space. Internet resources and pertinent digital content
are offered throughout the book to expand your information base and help you take
full advantage of electronic resources, necessary skills in today’s career/job market-
place. This real-world exchange connects the classroom to the larger world, in
preparation for the actual job campaign and career demands.
The world around us plays a dramatic and constantly changing role in our career
adventures. However, it is the adventurer who guides the journey and determines the
outcome. Recognizing what information is needed, knowing how and where it can be
found, and understanding what can be done with it are the keys to achieving any and
every goal. The Career Adventure was written to help you acquire the skill and confi-
dence to see the goal and achieve it!

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
This book could not have become a reality without the generous support and encour-
agement of the following people. I would like to thank them for their efforts.
Dr. Lamarr Reese, Terry Maiwurm, and Leonard Banks supported the development
of particular ideas for the book. Brenda Krueger and M.L. Smith shared with me ideas
about personality development, and I would like to extend my deepest appreciation to
LaDon McFadgen, Chrystan Coleman, and Tony Allen, who were invaluable in
helping me more fully understand the significance of diversity in career issues. A big
thank-you goes to Bruce Anderson for guidance on electronic transmission of resumes.
My thanks also go to Jon Sargent at the Bureau of Labor Statistics for assistance with
labor trends data.
My thanks to the following career-planning professionals for their generous guid-
ance: Dr. Ana C. Berrios-Allison, The Ohio State University; Sheryl S. Ken, Wright
State University; and Dr. Stephen Richey-Suttles, University of Dayton. I would also
like to thank Del Vaughan and Dr. Priscilla Mutter for the opportunity to work with
them in serving students. My special thanks to Dr. Jean Cook Purcell for her active
promotion and support of my goals and her continuing belief in me.
I am very grateful to the following reviewers, who read this material in various
stages of its development and offered ideas as to how it might be improved: Dr. Carolyn
W. Kern, University of North Texas; Lance Erickson, Idaho State University; Allison
Kay Bell, Ivy Tech Community College; Roselie Bambrey, Ivy Tech Community
College; Dr. Kevin J. Jones, Ivy Tech Community College; Mikel J. Johnson, Emporia
State University; Carole J. Wentzel, Orange County Community College; Jan L.
Brakefield, University of Alabama; Pat Joachim Kitzman, Central College; Eve
Madigan, Los Angeles Trade Technical College; Dave Sonenberg, Southeast
Community College; Pablo Cardona, Milwaukee Area Technical College; Katy
Kemeny, Lansing Community College; Cliff Nelson, Hinds Community College; and
Maria Mitchell, Reading Area Community College. Students will find the book more
readable and more helpful as a result of their efforts.
xiv P R E FA C E

I would also like to thank Jodi McPherson, Katie Mahan, Beth Houston, Lauren
Hill, Erin Carreiro, Sande Johnson, Susan Kauffman, Susan Hannahs, JoEllen Gohr,
and Gay Pauley for their guidance and support as editors and production coordinators
of this book and its preceding editions.
I would like to thank my parents, Claude and Marcia Kelnofer, for instilling in
me a strong work ethic and a basic respect for all types of work and my husband,
Jack Johnston, whose loving support and belief in me has sustained me for the past
30 years.
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 weakness; the Belgians may be, in a measure, consoled for
their misfortune by the world’s respect and sympathy; in the
like case, we should be further and justly punished by the
world’s unbounded and merited contempt, for our weakness
would be the fruit of our own ignominious cowardice and
incredible folly.

Secretary Garrison in his capital report says that if our outlying

possessions are even insufficiently manned our mobile home army
will consist of less than twenty-five thousand men, only about twice
the size of the police force of New York City. Yet, in the face of this,
certain newspaper editors, college presidents, pacificist bankers and,
I regret to say, certain clergymen and philanthropists enthusiastically
champion the attitude of President Wilson and Mr. Bryan in refusing
to prepare for war. As one of them put it the other day: “The way to
prevent war is not to fight.” Luxembourg did not fight! Does this
gentleman regard the position of Luxembourg at this moment as
enviable? China has not recently fought. Does the gentleman think
that China’s position is in consequence a happy one? If advisers of
this type, if these college presidents and clergymen and editors of
organs of culture and the philanthropists who give this advice spoke
only for themselves, if the humiliation and disgrace were to come
only on them, no one would have a right to object. They have servile
souls; and if they chose serfdom of the body for themselves only, it
would be of small consequence to others. But, unfortunately, their
words have a certain effect upon this country; and that effect is
intolerably evil. Doubtless it is the influence of these men which is
largely responsible for the attitude of the President. The President
attacks preparedness in the name of antimilitarism. The
preparedness we advocate is that of Switzerland, the least militaristic
of countries. Autocracy may use preparedness for the creation of an
aggressive and provocative militarism that invites and produces war;
but in a democracy preparedness means security against aggression
and the best guarantee of peace. The President in his message has
in effect declared that his theory of neutrality, which is carried to the
point of a complete abandonment of the rights of innocent small
nations, and his theory of non-preparedness, which is carried to the
point of gross national inefficiency, are both means for securing to
the United States a leading position in bringing about peace. The
position he would thus secure would be merely that of drum-major
at the peace conference; and he would do well to remember that if
the peace that is brought about should result in leaving Belgium’s
wrongs unredressed and turning Belgium over to Germany, in
enthroning militarism as the chief factor in the modern world, and in
consecrating the violation of treaties, then the United States, by
taking part in such a conference, would have rendered an evil
service to mankind.
At present our navy is in wretched shape. Our army is
infinitesimal. This large, rich republic is far less efficient from a
military standpoint than Switzerland, Holland, or Denmark. In spite
of the fact that the officers and enlisted men of our navy and army
offer material on the whole better than the officers and men of any
other navy or army, these two services have for so many years been
neglected by Congress, and during the last two years have been so
mishandled by the administration, that at the present time an
energetic and powerful adversary could probably with ease drive us
not only from the Philippines but from Hawaii, and take possession
of the Canal and Alaska. If invaded by a serious army belonging to
some formidable Old World empire, we would be for many months
about as helpless as China; and, as nowadays large armies can cross
the ocean, we might be crushed beyond hope of recuperation inside
of a decade. Yet those now at the head of public affairs refuse
themselves to face facts and seek to mislead the people as to the
facts.
President Wilson is, of course, fully and completely responsible
for Mr. Bryan. Mr. Bryan appreciates this and loyally endeavors to
serve the President and to come to his defense at all times. As soon
as President Wilson had announced that there was no need of
preparations to defend ourselves, because we loved everybody and
everybody loved us and because our mission was to spread the
gospel of peace, Mr. Bryan came to his support with hearty
enthusiasm and said: “The President knows that if this country
needed a million men, and needed them in a day, the call would go
out at sunrise and the sun would go down on a million men in arms.”
One of the President’s stanchest newspaper adherents lost its
patience over this utterance and remarked: “More foolish words than
these of the Secretary of State were never spoken by mortal man in
reply to a serious argument.” However, Mr. Bryan had a good
precedent, although he probably did not know it. Pompey, when
threatened by Cæsar, and told that his side was unprepared,
responded that he had only to “stamp his foot” and legions would
spring from the ground. In the actual event, the “stamping” proved
as effectual against Cæsar as Mr. Bryan’s “call” would under like
circumstances. I once heard a Bryanite senator put Mr. Bryan’s
position a little more strongly than it occurred to Mr. Bryan himself to
put it. The senator in question announced that we needed no
regular army, because in the event of war “ten million freemen
would spring to arms, the equals of any regular soldiers in the
world.” I do not question the emotional or oratorical sincerity either
of Mr. Bryan or of the senator. Mr. Bryan is accustomed to performing
in vacuo; and both he and President Wilson, as regards foreign
affairs, apparently believe they are living in a world of two
dimensions, and not in the actual workaday world, which has three
dimensions. This was equally true of the senator in question. If the
senator’s ten million men sprang to arms at this moment, they would
have at the outside some four hundred thousand modern rifles to
which to spring. Perhaps six hundred thousand more could spring to
squirrel pieces and fairly good shotguns. The remaining nine million
men would have to “spring” to axes, scythes, hand-saws, gimlets,
and similar arms. As for Mr. Bryan’s million men who would at sunset
respond under arms to a call made at sunrise, the suggestion is such
a mere rhetorical flourish that it is not worthy even of humorous
treatment; a high-school boy making such a statement in a theme
would be marked zero by any competent master. But it is an
exceedingly serious thing, it is not in the least a humorous thing,
that the man making such a statement should be the chief adviser of
the President in international matters, and should hold the highest
office in the President’s gift.
Nor is Mr. Bryan in any way out of sympathy with President
Wilson in this matter. The President, unlike Mr. Bryan, uses good
English and does not say things that are on their face ridiculous.
Unfortunately, his cleverness of style and his entire refusal to face
facts apparently make him believe that he really has dismissed and
done away with ugly realities whenever he has uttered some pretty
phrase about them. This year we are in the presence of a crisis in
the history of the world. In the terrible whirlwind of war all the great
nations of the world, save the United States and Italy, are facing the
supreme test of their history. All of the pleasant and alluring but
futile theories of the pacificists, all the theories enunciated in the
peace congresses of the past twenty years, have vanished at the
first sound of the drumming guns. The work of all the Hague
conventions, and all the arbitration treaties, neutrality treaties, and
peace treaties of the last twenty years has been swept before the
gusts of war like withered leaves before a November storm. In this
great crisis the stern and actual facts have shown that the fate of
each nation depends not in the least upon any elevated international
aspirations to which it has given expression in speech or treaty, but
on practical preparation, on intensity of patriotism, on grim
endurance, and on the possession of the fighting edge. Yet, in the
face of all this, the President of the United States sends in a
message dealing with national defense, which is filled with prettily
phrased platitudes of the kind applauded at the less important type
of peace congress, and with sentences cleverly turned to conceal
from the average man the fact that the President has no real advice
to give, no real policy to propose. There is just one point as to which
he does show real purpose for a tangible end. He dwells eagerly
upon the hope that we may obtain “the opportunity to counsel and
obtain peace in the world” among the warring nations and adjures
us not to jeopardize this chance (for the President to take part in the
peace negotiations) by at this time making any preparations for self-
defense. In effect, we are asked not to put our own shores in
defensible condition lest the President may lose the chance to be at
the head of the congress which may compose the differences of
Europe. In effect, he asks us not to build up the navy, not to provide
for an efficient citizen army, not to get ammunition for our guns and
torpedoes for our torpedo-tubes, lest somehow or other this may
make the President of the United States an unacceptable mediator
between Germany and Great Britain! It is an honorable ambition for
the President to desire to be of use in bringing about peace in
Europe; but only on condition that the peace thus brought is the
peace of righteousness, and only on condition that he does not
sacrifice this country’s vital interests for a clatter of that kind of
hollow applause through which runs an undertone of sinister jeering.
He must not sacrifice to this ambition the supreme interest of the
American people. Nor must he believe that the possibility of his
being umpire will have any serious effect on the terrible war game
that is now being played; the outcome of the game will depend upon
the prowess of the players. No gain will come to our nation, or to
any other nation, if President Wilson permits himself to be deluded
concerning the part the United States may take in the promotion of
European peace.
Peace in Europe will be made by the warring nations. They and
they alone will in fact determine the terms of settlement. The United
States may be used as a convenient means of getting together; but
that is all. If the nations of Europe desire peace and our assistance
in securing it, it will be because they have fought as long as they will
or can. It will not be because they regard us as having set a spiritual
example to them by sitting idle, uttering cheap platitudes, and
picking up their trade, while they have poured out their blood like
water in support of the ideals in which, with all their hearts and
souls, they believe. For us to assume superior virtue in the face of
the war-worn nations of the Old World will not make us more
acceptable as mediators among them. Such self-consciousness on
our part will not impress the nations who have sacrificed and are
sacrificing all that is dearest to them in the world, for the things that
they believe to be the noblest in the world. The storm that is raging
in Europe at this moment is terrible and evil; but it is also grand and
noble. Untried men who live at ease will do well to remember that
there is a certain sublimity even in Milton’s defeated archangel, but
none whatever in the spirits who kept neutral, who remained at
peace, and dared side neither with hell nor with heaven. They will
also do well to remember that when heroes have battled together,
and have wrought good and evil, and when the time has come out
of the contest to get all the good possible and to prevent as far as
possible the evil from being made permanent, they will not be
influenced much by the theory that soft and short-sighted outsiders
have put themselves in better condition to stop war abroad by
making themselves defenseless at home.
 Transcriber’s Note
Punctuation, hyphenation, and spelling were made
consistent when a predominant preference was found in
this book; otherwise they were not changed.
Simple typographical errors and occasional
unbalanced quotation marks were corrected.
Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were
retained.
*** END OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK AMERICA AND THE
WORLD WAR ***

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