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ing‡Zi evwiaviv ewl©Z n‡”Q Ges cwic~Y© bq| †hgbÑ GLv‡b my‡Li mv‡_ AevwiZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I cÖ‡Z¨K
mevB cÖwZwbqZ Gi ØvivB DcK…Z `ytL, gRvi mv‡_ mvRv, my¯Z ’ vi mv‡_ gvbyl‡K `ytL-K‡ói g‡a¨ w`‡qI
n‡”Q| m„wói †Kvb GKwU we›`yI Zuvi †ivM, `wi`ªZvi mv‡_ cÖvPyh©, mdjZvi †h‡Z nq| †m hZ eo wkícwZB
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`ytLI mn¨ Ki‡Z n‡e| myZivs GZUyKz RvbvB h‡_ó †h, Bm‡gi evsjv bvg †h gnvb mËvi mv‡_ m¤ú„³ wZwb
GLv‡b Avivg I AkvwšÍ †KvbUvB A_© nj bvg| GKK Ges AwØZxq|5
cwic~Y© bq| eis cwic~Y© kvwšÍ (Avjøvn): Avjøvn Ggb GK mËvi wemwgjøvni A_© n‡”Q, Avjøvni bv‡gi
ZLbB AR©b n‡e hLb c~Y¨evb‡`i bvg, hvi Aw¯ÍZ¡ Avek¨K, whwb mg¯Í mvnv‡h¨| GLv‡b wµqvi D‡jøL †bB
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G Kvi‡Y Avjøvn kãwU cweÎZv‡evaK †hgbÑ Ôïiæ KiwQÕ, ÔcowQ Avjøvni
Ô†Zvgiv wbwð‡šÍ Rvbœv‡Z cÖ‡ek Ki kã ÔRvjvjÕ-Gi mv‡_ GK‡Î e¨eüZ bv‡gÕ BZ¨vw`|
Ges AvR‡K †Zvgv‡`i †Kvb fq nq Ges Zuvi Ab¨vb¨ ¸YevPK bvgmg~n wKš‘ Dn¨ wµqvwU ïiæ‡Z Avb‡Z n‡e
†bB Ges †Zvgv‡`i †Kvb wPšÍv I Avjøvn k‡ãi c‡iB DwjøwLZ n‡q bvwK †k‡l? hw` ïiæ‡Z Avbv nq Z‡e
†c‡ikvwbI †bB|Õ2 _v‡K| Avjøvni bv‡g ïiæi Kivi welqwU Ac~Y©
wemwgjøvni g‡a¨ AšÍwb©wnZ GB †eva- kãwU Avjøvn ZvAvjvi bvgmg~‡ni †_‡K hv‡e| myZivs †k‡l AvbvUvB
wek¦v‡mi Kvi‡Y Bmjv‡gi g‡a¨ Gi g‡a¨ me©vwaK eo I mgwóevPK bvg| G †ewk mgxPxb| G Kvi‡Y -Gi
¸iZ¡ A‡bK †ewk Ges Gi gva¨‡g Kvi‡Y KwZcq kixqZ we‡klÁ GB gvSLvb †_‡K Avwjd‡K wejyß K‡i
GKRb Avw¯ÍK I bvw¯Í‡Ki Kv‡Ri g‡a¨ bvg‡K ÔBm‡g AvhgÕ e‡j AvL¨vwqZ (ev)-†K Bm‡gi (mxb)-Gi mv‡_
mn‡R cv_©K¨ wbY©q Kiv hvq| wewkó K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg gynv¤§` (in.) Zuvi hy³ K‡i †`qv n‡q‡Q †hb ïiæUv
gydvmwmi mvB‡q` KzZze knx` (in.) I¯Ív` Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.)-Gi Avjøvni bv‡gB nq| Z‡e wemwgjøvn
wj‡Lb, ÔAvjøvn ZvAvjvi bv‡g me KvR eivZ w`‡q bvgwU‡K Bm‡g Avhg e¨ZxZ Ab¨vb¨ ¯’v‡b †hgbÑ m~iv
ïiæ Kiv Bmjv‡gi mvgvwRK e¨e¯’v I e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| †Kbbv GB bv‡gi BKiv‡Z GB c×wZwU AbymiY Kiv
wkóvPv‡ii Ggb GKwU †gŠwjK wfwË, we‡kl ˆewkó¨ n‡”Q, Avjøvn kãwU nqwb| ZvB GUv wemwgjøviB ˆewkó¨|6
hvi wkÿv bex Kixg (mv.)-†K Zuvi Rv‡g` hv Ab¨ †Kvb kã †_‡K DrcwË (Avi-ingvwbi iwng): G
cÖ_g Inx‡Z ( ۚ )3 cÖ`vb nqwb, †hfv‡e kãwU ÔingZÕ `ywU Avjøvni ¸YevPK bvg, hv cÖvPz‡h©i
Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Avjøvni bv‡g ïiæ †_‡K Ges kãwU ÔiæeyweqZÕ †_‡K A_© †evSv‡bvi Rb¨ ÔingZÕ †_‡K
Kivi welqwU Bmjv‡gi †mB gnvb wbM©Z n‡q‡Q| Bgvg kv‡dqx (in.),
wPšÍv-wek¦v‡mi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj, wbM©Z n‡q‡Q| Z‡e -Gi A_©
LvËvex (in.), Bgvgyj nvivgBb I Bgvg †_‡KI e¨vcK| Aviwe fvlvq A_©
†hLv‡b ejv n‡q‡Q, AvjøvnB cÖ_g, Mvhvjx (in.) †_‡KI G ai‡bi gZ
AvjøvnB †kl| wZwbB cÖKvk¨ wZwbB H mËv hvi ingZ †MvUv m„wóRMZ‡K
ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Avjøvn ZvAvjv n‡jb cwi‡eób K‡i| eva¨ Aeva¨ mK‡jB
AcÖKvk¨| Zuvi Kv‡QB me Kv‡R mvnvh¨ GKK mËv, Zuvi †Kvb Askx`vi †bB
PvB‡Z n‡e| Zuvi bvg w`‡qB me KvR weavq GB bvg Avjøvni Rb¨ wbw`©ó, GB Zuvi ingZ Øviv DcK…Z nq| Avi
ïiæ Ki‡Z n‡e| cÖwZwU c`‡ÿc ivL‡Z bv‡gi wØePb I eûePb e¨eüZ nq bv A_© †mB mËv hvi ingZ AZ¨šÍ †ewk,
n‡e Zvi bv‡gB| cÖwZwU bovPov‡Z Zuvi Ges Ab¨vb¨ ¸YevPK bv‡gi AMÖfv‡MB hvi Ici GB ingZ ewl©Z n‡e, †m
bvgB n‡e gywg‡bi GKvšÍ mv_x|Õ4 GB bvg e¨eüZ nq| †hgbÑ KziAvb cwic~Y© n‡e| ciKv‡j Kv‡di‡`i cÖwZ
Kix‡gi GB AvqvZwU †`Lyb: Avjøvni ingZ _vK‡e bv wKš‘ gywgb‡`i
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(wemwgjøvn) evK¨wU wZbwU kã d‡j †bqvg‡Zi mv‡_ †Kvb ai‡bi `ytL
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Øviv MwVZ| GK. (ev), `yB.
{ *۪'() ingvb I inx‡gi g‡a¨ A_©MZ GB
(Bmg) I wZb. (Avjøvn)| cv_©‡K¨i Kvi‡Y ingvb ¸YevPK bvgwU
(ev): kãwU Aviwe fvlvq GKvwaK GLv‡b Avjøvn kãwUi c‡iB Ab¨vb¨
MyYevPK bvgmg~n e¨eüZ n‡q‡Q Av‡M Avjøvni Rv‡Zi Rb¨ wbw`©ó, ZvB †Kvb
A‡_© e¨eüZ nq| Gig‡a¨ GLv‡b bq| mnxn Avj-eyLvix I mnxn gymwj‡g m„wó‡K ingvb ejv hv‡e bv| †Kbbv
wZbwU A_© cÖ‡hvR¨ n‡Z cv‡i| Zv Avjøvni 99wU ¸YevPK bvg D‡jøL Avjøvn ZvAvjv e¨ZxZ Ggb †Kvb mËv
n‡”Q, Ôgymv‡neZ ev m½, Bw¯ÍqvbZ ev i‡q‡Q| wKš‘ Ab¨vb¨ nv`x‡m wKQz †ek- †bB, hvi KiæYv †MvUv m„wóRM‡Z
mvnvh¨ Ges ZveviiæK ev eiKZ nvwmj KgI cvIqv hvq| Bgvg ivhx (in.) cwi‡ewóZ| G Kvi‡Y k‡ãi b¨vq
Kiv|Õ myZivs wemwgjøvni A_© n‡e, ¸YevPK bv‡gi GB msL¨v 5 nvRvi ingvb k‡ãiI wØ-ePb I eûePb nq
Avjøvni bv‡gi mv‡_, Avjøvni bv‡gi e‡j D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| Zv †_‡K GK bv| †Kbbv Gi e¨envi GKK Avjøvni
mvnv‡h¨ Ges Avjøvni bv‡gi eiK‡Z| nvRvi KziAvb I mybvœ ‡Z, GK nvRvi Rb¨ wbw`©ó| myZivs Avjøvn bv‡gi c‡i
(Bmg): GB k‡ãi AvwfavwbK I ZvIiv‡Z, GK nvRvi Bbhx‡j, GK ingvb ¸YevPK bv‡gi gh©v`v I gnË¡
e¨vL¨vMZ A‡bK¸‡jv welq Rvbvi nvRvi hey‡i Ges Aci GK nvRvi me©vwaK| bex Kixg (mv.) Ave`yjøvn I
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Ave`yi ingvb bvg`ywU Avjøvni wbKU 3. mgq †k‡l Zvi AbšÍ ciKvjxb F = ,4 G7= ' 3 ,. E> ,3 / *2 :"'CD
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Ave`yi ingvb‡K Ave`yjøvni c‡iB
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-+, A_©vr wZwb gywgb‡`i cÖwZ †Kvb kw³i ÿgZv e‡j k~Y¨ †_‡K wRÁvmv Ki‡j wZwb Bikv` K‡ib, ÔGwU
AZ¨šÍ `qvjy g‡g© GB kãwU e¨envi Aw¯’‡Z¡ Av‡mwb †Kej Avjøvn iveŸyj Avjøvni gnvb GKwU bvg| Avjøvni
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nhiZ Ave`yjøvn Be‡b gyeviK (in.) GUv ïay gvby‡li †ÿ‡ÎB bq, eis †MvUv cv‡Ki mv‡_ AwZNwbô †hgb †Pv‡Li
e‡jb, wek¦RMZB Avjøvni GB cÖf‡z Z¡i ÿgZv mv`v I Kv‡jv iO ci¯ú‡ii mv‡_
, e‡j m„wó n‡q‡Q| weÁvbxiv †h KYv‡Z Nwbô|ÕÕ11
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Ab¨ nv`x‡m ewY©Z,
wek¦RM‡Zi m~Pbv e‡j `vwe K‡ib †mB
Ô †mB mËv‡K e‡j hvi Kv‡Q `vwe hw` h_v_© n‡q _v‡K Z‡e Avgiv R %N0 S GH :"' ( , @ O0 , ,P78Q + ,
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n‡”Qb hvi Kv‡Q bv PvB‡j wZwb NUbv bq, eis †Kej me©kw³gvb
Avjøvn ZvAvjviB gnvcwiKíbvi GKwU S 8( [ 65 \D ,;' 7 X5 Y MZ CZ I2 :"' CD
ivMvwš^Z nb|9
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© | :"/ C% ,S 7B ?3 ;/ ]% ^5 _ `' MZ [
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_vKvKvjxb mg‡q †KD Avjøvni AbyMZ
&:478 9% . "#$% 5 &: '=cb ?3 ;/]% ^5 _ !'dZ [
nb †KDev Zuvi Aeva¨, wKš‘ eva¨ I
nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivwh.) n‡Z ewY©Z, Aeva¨ wbwe©‡k‡l mK‡jB Avjøvni ÔnhiZ Aveyj gvjxn (in.) †_‡K ewY©Z,
im~jyjøvn (mv.) Bikv` K‡ib, Ô†h ing‡Zi gyLv‡cÿx, †KDB †mB GK e¨w³ e‡jb, GKevi GKwU DU
Avjøvni Kv‡Q Pvq bv, Avjøvn ZvAvjv ingv‡bi ing‡Zi evB‡i bq| Avjøvni bexwR‡K wb‡q †nuvPU †L‡j Zuvi GKRb
Zuvi Ici ivMvwš^Z nb|Õ10 GB mve©Rbxb, mve©‡fŠg ing‡Zi mdim½x e‡j DV‡jb †h, kqZvb
I G `yÕ¸Y Øviv cÖZxqgvb ¸YwU‡K wb‡`©k Kivi Rb¨B Zuvi wbcvZ hvK| Zvi GK_v ï‡b bexwR
nq †h, gvbe-RvwZ Bn‡jŠwKK I ¸YevPK bvgwU Zvmwgqvq AšÍf³ ©z (mv.) ej‡jb, ÔZzwg kqZvb wbcvZ
cvi‡jŠwKK Rxe‡bi cÖwZwU gyn~‡Z© n‡q‡Q Ges wØZxq ch©v‡qB n‡q‡Q| hvKÕ GK_vwU ej‡e bv| †Kbbv G‡Z
Avjøvni `qv I AbyMÖ‡ni wfLvix Ges kqZvb AnsKvi K‡i e‡j †h Avgvi
Z…Zxq Ae¯’v: GB ¯Í‡i gvbyl ciKvjxb kw³‡Z Avwg Zv‡K AuvQvo w`‡qwQ|
wZwb cÖwZwbqZ ev›`vi Ici ing‡Zi AbšÍ Rxe‡b cÖ‡ek Ki‡e| †h RxebwU
e„wó el©Y K‡ib| ev›`v wb‡Ri Kg©d‡ji| †hLv‡b †KD n‡e Avjøvni wKš‘ hw` Zzwg ej, Zvn‡j
D`vmxbZv I AÁZvi Kvi‡Y hw` Zuvi ing‡Zi DËivwaKvi †KDev n‡e Zuvi kqZvb ÿz`ª n‡q gvwQ mgZzj¨ n‡q
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kvw¯Íi| hviv Zuvi †`Iqv weavb Abyhvqx
KL‡bv Zuvi ing‡Zi aviv eÜ K‡ib
Rxeb-hvcb K‡i‡Q ingZ †Kej b H2 :1 . "/ 0 "' ( :"' ( ,) % * + ,
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m¤ú‡K©i K_v Rvbv _vK‡j gvbe mxgve× _vK‡e Zv‡`i Dc‡iB Avi @ = e @ 3 ,@fg H
/ KD ,. Hc = P^ <% I "'
wkóvPvi LyeB my›`i I DrK…ó nq| GB Aeva¨‡`i Ici †Kej hš¿Yv Avi
Rb¨ GwUI Bmjvwg mgv‡Ri GKwU hš¿Yv| †h‡nZz GB ch©v‡qi ingZ ïay &:i ( 2 :"'( :h=
¸iæZ¡c~Y© bxwZ| gywgb‡`i Rb¨ wbw`©ó Ges Gi m¤úK© nhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivwh.) n‡Z ewY©Z,
inx‡gi mv‡_, ZvB -†K Zvmwgqvq im~jj
y vø n (mv.) Bikv` K‡ib, ÔcÖ‡Z¨K
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©
z Kiv n‡q‡Q Ges Z…Zxq ch©v‡q evK¨ wKsev ¸iæZ¡c~Y© KvR hw` Avjøvni
Zvmwgqvi g‡a¨ Dc‡iv³ 3wU bvg ivLv n‡q‡Q [Zvdmxi Zvevix 1/68]| bv‡g Avi¤¢ Kiv bv nq Zvn‡j Zv
e¨envi Kivi †cQ‡b GKwU m~²`k©b ÎæwUc~Y© nq|Õ13
wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Zv n‡”Q gvbyl 3wU Zvmwgqvi dhxjZ "k 6 >5 :"' ( . j B , = ='O ,
Ae¯’v cvi K‡i: nv`xm kix‡d G‡m‡Q,
1. k~Y¨ †_‡K c„w_ex‡Z Av‡m, @ B5 , = ,
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2. c„w_ex‡Z GKwU wbw`©ó mgq Ae¯’vb , , 1 . "/ 0 o' KB S9 L pB q'* ,n'% T SG]
K‡i Ges
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e‡jb, `yÕKvi‡Y Avjøvni GB Kvjvg‡K
E@ v w 4Q Q5 $% I5 4 gO 4Z5kM= m'MZ . Zvmwgqv Øviv Avi¤¢ Kiv n‡q‡Q|
dLiæÏxb Avi-ivhx, gvdvZxûj Mvqe =
AvZ-Zvdmxiæj Kexi, `viæ
&47D x0'= I5 1. wemwgjøvn c~Y© KziAv‡bi mgwó, Gi BqvnBqvwqZ Zzivm Avj-Avivex, eqiæZ,
ÔnhiZ Rv‡ei Be‡b Ave`yjøvn (ivwh.) eoZ¡ I gnË¡ AZ¨šÍ †ewk, GwU †jebvb (Z…Zxq ms¯‹iY: 1420 wn. =
Ávbx‡`i Áv‡bi Avavi, 2000 wLª.), L. 1, c„. 41
e‡jb, hLb AeZxY©
M‡elYvKvix‡`i M‡elYvi AšÍt¯’j, 6
(K) Be‡b Kvmxi, cÖv¸³, L. 1, c„. 35;
n‡qwQj †gNgvjv ZLb c~e© w`‡K Gi DcKvwiZv A‡kl AšÍnxb hv
cjvqb K‡iwQj, evZvm ¯Íä n‡q (L) gydZx gynv¤§` kdx, gvÔAvwidzj
Ag~j¨ nxiv-gy³v Øviv mwbœ‡ewkZ| KziAvb, gvKZvev‡q gvAvwidzj KziAvb,
wM‡qwQj, mgy`ª Av‡›`vwjZ n‡q 2. ev›`v‡`i‡K KvR Avi¤¢ Kivi c×wZ
D‡VwQj, Rxe-Rš‘¸‡jv KvbLvov K‡i KivwP, cvwK¯Ívb (1429 wn. = 2008
wkÿv †`qv †h, hLbB Zviv †Kvb wLª.), L. 1, c„. 75
ïbwQj, Avmgvb †_‡K kqZv‡bi Ici KvR Avi¤¢ Ki‡e, Avjøvni bv‡gB 7
Avj-KziZzex, Avj-Rvwg wj-AvnKvwgj
cv_i wb‡ÿc Kiv nw”Qj| Avjøvn Avi¤¢ Ki‡e| nv`x‡m cv‡K G KziAvb, `viæj KzZze Avj-wgmwiqv,
ZvAvjv ¯^xq mËvi Kmg †L‡q e‡jb, e¨vcv‡i h‡_ó ZvwM` ewY©Z Kvq‡iv, wgmi (1384 wn. = 1964 wLª.),
†h †Kvb e¯‘i Ici Avjøvni bvg †bIqv n‡q‡Q|17 L. 1, c„. 106
n‡e Zv‡Z Aek¨B eiKZ Avm‡e|Õ14 8
Avj-KziAvb, m~iv AvZ-ZvIev, 9:128
4 7yG @ Zvmwgqv KziAvb cv‡Ki ˆewkó¨
T % ; N 0 , 3 :"'( ,N/M$3 ,= . jB ,
9
Avj-KziZzex, cÖv¸³, L. 1, c„. 105
10
Avjøvgv Rvjvj DÏxb Avm-myqZy x (in.) AvZ-wZiwghx, Avj-RvwgÔDj Kexi =
C 78 D VM $T^ V 76'=5k , 3 . Avm-mybvb, gy¯Ídv Avjevex A¨vÛ mÝ
e‡jb, KziAvb QvovI Ab¨vb¨
@ _ T ]= 4 m'MZ . My7 , HkxMÖšm ’ g~n Avjøvni bv‡g ïiæ Kiv cvewjwks A¨vÛ wcÖw›Us MÖæc, nje,
n‡q‡Q| †Kvb †Kvb AvwjgM‡Yi g‡Z wmwiqv, L. 5, c„. 456, nv`xm: 3373
&j@ _ T H ,3 Vz 5GO 'KG3 11
Avj-nvwKg, Avj-gymZv`ivK Avjvm
Zvmwgqv KziAv‡biB ˆewkó¨| nhiZ
ÔnhiZ Be‡b gvmD` (ivwh.) n‡Z gydZx kdx (in.) Dfq g‡Zi g‡a¨ mnxnvCb, `viæj KzZze Avj-Bjwgqv,
ewY©Z, †h e¨w³ Avjøvni wbKU mgš^q K‡i e‡jb, GUv mZ¨ †h, mKj eqiæZ, †jebvb (cÖ_g ms¯‹iY: 1411
Rvnvbœv‡gi 19 †d‡ikZv †_‡K gyw³i Avmgvwb MÖ‡š’ Avjøvni bv‡g ïiæ Kivi wn. = 1990 wLª.), L. 1, c„. 738,
Avkv iv‡L, †m †hb nv`xm: 2027
weavb wQj| wKš‘ 12
Avey `vD`, Avm-mybvb, Avj-
c‡o| Avjøvn ZvAvjv cÖ‡Z¨KwU eY©‡K kãmg~n ïay KziAvb Kixg I D¤§‡Z gvKZvevZzj Avmwiqv, eqiæZ, †jebvb,
G‡KKwU †d‡ikZv †_‡K euvPvi Xvj gynv¤§w`qvi ˆewkó¨| Rv‡njx hy‡M L. 4, c„. 296, nv`xm: 4982
wn‡m‡e †`‡eb|Õ15 Avjøvni bv‡g Avi¤¢ Kivi cÖKw… ZMZ 13
Avng` Be‡b nv¤^j, Avj-gymb`,
| "' ( 4 65 ,4KO . f 5 H @ 'r + ,= {T , wbqg wejyß n‡q g~wZ©i bv‡g KvRKg© gyAvm&wmmvZzi wimvjv, eqiæZ, †jebvb
Avi¤¢ Kivi cÖ_v Pvjy nq| Avjøvn (cÖ_g ms¯‹iY: 1421 wn. = 2001 wLª.),
;/ ,E@ N T H ,3 E'<} 456 4 /( ZvAvjv Zuvi me©cÖ_g wb‡`©k L. 14, c„. 329, nv`xm: 8712
T ] ;/ / KD @
'35 &E N T H w
14
(K) Avm-mvÕjex, Avj-Kvkdz Iqvj
ۚ )18-G GB cÖ_v wejywßi †NvlYv
K‡i cybivq Avjøvni bv‡g Avi¤¢ Kivi eqvb, `viæ BqvnBqvwqZ Zzivm Avj-
' 35 &•€ ! 4 = T $% / * ,4 = ,3~ ,3
cÖvK…wZK wbqg Abymi‡Yi wb‡`©k Aviex, eqiæZ, †jebvb (cÖ_g ms¯‹iY:
&'pz '• Q ,3~ 'Z ,Q /KD w`‡q‡Qb|19 1422 wn. = 2002 wLª.), L. 1, c„. 91;
(L) Be‡b Kvmxi, cÖv¸³, L. 1, c„. 34;
nhiZ Avjx (ivwh.) n‡Z ewY©Z,
1 (M) Avm-myqyZx, Av`-`yi&iæj gbm~i
mg¯Í †iv‡Mi gnvIlya Ges cÖ‡Z¨KwU Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avj-AvjvK, 96:1
2 dxZ Zvdmxi wej-gvm~i, `viæj wdKi,
Ily‡ai mn‡hvMx| wek¦vmx‡`i Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avj-AvÕivd, 2:49
3 eqiæZ, †jebvb, L. 1, c„. 26
Rb¨ mvnvh¨Kvix Ges GB bvgwU Ab¨ Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avj-AvjvK, 96:1 15
4 Avj-KziZzex, cÖv¸³, L. 1, c„. 92
Kv‡iv †ÿ‡Î e¨envi Kiv hv‡e bv| mvB‡q` KzZze knx`, dx whjvwjj 16
Avj-KziZzex, cÖv¸³, L. 1, c„. 107
KziAvb, `viæk ïiæK, eqiæZ †jebvb I 17
Avj-Avjymx, iƒûj gvAvbx dx
†mme gvby‡li Rb¨ hviv BnKv‡j
Kvq‡iv, wgmi (mß`k ms¯‹iY: 1412 Zvdmxwij KziAvwbj Avhxg Iqvm-
Cgvb G‡b‡Q Ges †bK Avgj wn. = 1992 wLª.), L. 1, c„. 21
K‡i‡Q|Õ16 5
mveDj gvmvbx, `viæj KzZze Avj-
(K) Be‡b Kvmxi, Zvdmxiæj KziAvwbj Bjwgqv, eqiæZ, †jebvb, L. 1, c„. 69
Avhxg, `viæj KzZze Avj-Bjwgqv, 18
Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avj-AvjvK, 96:1
Zvmwgqv Øviv KziAvb eqiæZ, †jebvb (cÖ_g ms¯‹iY: 1419 19
gydZx gynv¤§` kdx, gvÔAvwidzj
Avi¤¢ Kivi KviY wn. = 1998 wLª.), L. 1, c„. 36; (L) KziAvb, L. 1, c„. 74
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 7
mx| iv| Zz| bœ| ex| (mv.)

Avgv‡`i ivm~j (mv.)

cÖ‡dmi W. gvndzR cvi‡fR
me©Kv‡ji me©‡kªô Jcb¨vwmK, iæk Bmjvg MÖnY Ki‡ev| Bmjv‡gi †mŠ›`h© mZK©fv‡e cvjbKvix gyËvKxb| Ges
mvwnwZ¨K wjI Uj÷q1 hLb wbtm½ I mgwš^Z bxwZgvjv Avgv‡K AvKl©Y m‡e©v”P ¯Í‡i i‡q‡Q mrKg©civqb
Ae¯’vq g„Z Ae¯’vq c‡o wQ‡jb, †m K‡i‡Q| G e¨vcv‡i Avgvi gv-eveviI gynwmbxb|
mgq Zuvi †Kv‡Ui c‡KU n‡Z Zuvi wbZ¨ AvcwË †bB| wKš‘ †Zvgv‡K Avi we‡q mvdj¨ I mv_©KZv jv‡fi cÖ‡qvR‡b
mg‡qi m½x †h eBwU cvIqv hvq, †mwU Ki‡Z cvi‡ev bv| KviY †Zvgvi gvbeRxe‡bi m‡e©v”P ¯Í‡i †cuŠQvi
wQj Ave`yjøvn †mvnivIqv`©x wjwLZ `¨ AvPvi-AvPiY jÿ KiwQ m¤ú~Y© KziAvb Awfjv‡l wZ‡j wZ‡j AMÖmi n‡Z nq|
†mwqsm Ae cÖ‡dU gynv¤§` (mv.)| cwicš’x|Õ2 M‡o Zzj‡Z nq KziAvb I mybvœ nwfwËK
evsjvq hvi wk‡ivbvg gnvbexi evYx| NUbv `ywU D‡jøL Kivi ev¯Íem¤§Z I Rxeb-hvcb cÖYvjx| KziAvb I mybœvn
eBwUi g~jZ GKwU nv`x‡mi m¼jb| cwi‡ek-cwiw¯’wZMZ cÖ‡qvRbxqZv Avgv‡`i‡K c~Y©v½ Rxeb e¨e¯’v Movi
A‡bK¸‡jv evQvB Kiv nv`x‡mi m‡½ i‡q‡Q| KviY, iæk †`kxq Uj÷q Ges j‡ÿ¨ †ZgbB c_-wb‡`k©bv w`‡q‡Q|
GB MÖ‡š’ wb‡gœi nv`xmwUiI D‡jøL gvwK©b ZiæYx hv eyS‡Z I AbyaveY D`vniY ¯^iƒc, Avgiv cÖZ¨n dR‡ii
i‡q‡Q; Zv n‡jv ivmyjøvjøvn (mv.) Ki‡Z †c‡i‡Q, eZ©gvb Kv‡ji bvgvR mgvcbv‡šÍ w`‡bi Kg©Kv‡Êi Rb¨
e‡j‡Qb, ÔZzwg wb‡Ri Rb¨ †hUv fv‡jv gymjgvbMY †mUvI g‡b nq ü`q½g cÖ¯w‘ Z MÖnY Kwi| †ckvMZ Rxe‡b
g‡b Ki‡e, A‡b¨i Rb¨I Zv fve‡e| Ki‡Z cvi‡Qb? GB cÖkwœ U wb‡q Avgiv †KD PvKwiRxex, †KD wkÿvwe`,
Avi †hUv wb‡Ri Rb¨ g›` g‡b Ki‡e, Mfxifv‡e fve‡Z n‡e Ges Gi m¤¢ve¨ †KD e¨emvqx, †KD wkÿv_x©| wbR wbR
A‡b¨i Rb¨I ZvB g‡b Ki‡e|Õ mnxn DËi Avgv‡`i Lu‡y R †ei Ki‡Z n‡e| †ckvMZ Rxe‡b mK‡jB Avgiv c~Y©
nv`xm MÖš’ eyLvix Ges gymwj‡gI Gi Avgiv †Kb Bmjv‡gi m‡½ m¤ú„³ I mdjZv cÖZ¨vkv Kwi| ÔwKfv‡e Rxe‡b
D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| mswkøó n‡Z cviwQ bv, Zvi KviYI G mdjv jvf Kiv hvqÕ—GUv Rvb‡Z n‡j
PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vj‡qi †jvKcÖkvmb cÖkœ Avi Dˇii g‡a¨ wKQzUv n‡jI gvbeRvwZi D‡Ï‡k¨ Avjøvn myenvbvû
wefv‡Mi mv‡eK cÖ‡dmi Ave`yb b~i wbwnZ i‡q‡Q| Zvqvjvi cÖ_g wb‡`©kbvi w`‡K jÿ¨
Avh-whKiæ Iqvj dvjvn bv‡gi GKwU A_P jÿ Ki‡jB †`Lv hv‡”Q †h, cweÎ Ki‡Z nq| Avi †mUv Ôco!Õ| A_©vr
m¼jb MÖ‡š’ Zuvi †kvbv GKwU ev¯Íe KziAv‡b gvby‡li †kªYx wefvM Ges cvV I Aa¨q‡bi wb‡`©k| AZGe wbZ¨
NUbvi D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| NUbvwU n‡jv: Zvobv I AvPi‡Yi wg_w®Œqvq gvbweK w`‡bi h‡_vchy³ K‡g© Suvwc‡q covi
GK gvwK©b ZiæYx `xN© `yÕeQi weKv‡ki avivµg ev Zvi KvR m¤ú‡K©
ïiæ‡Z Avgv‡`i‡K co‡Z n‡e Avjøvn
†gjv‡gkvi ci, Zvi evsjv‡`wk cyiæl- wewfbœ w`K †_‡K eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|
myenvbvû Zvqvjvi wKZve ÔAvj-
eÜz‡K we‡qe܇b Ave× nIqvi Rb¨ †hgbÑ
KziAvbÕ, †hLv‡b i‡q‡Q gvbeRvwZi
Aby‡iva Rvbvq| eÜzwU e‡j †h, †m myiv 2 (Avj-evKviv), AvqvZ: 189;
iÿYkxj cwiev‡ii mšÍvb| ZvB Zv‡K myiv 3 (Av‡j Bgivb), AvqvZ: 144; w`kv Z_v e¨w³MZ, cvwievwiK I
we‡q Ki‡Z n‡j †g‡qwU‡K Bmjvg MÖnY myiv 23 (Avj-gywgbyb), AvqvZ: 1Ñ11; mvgvwRK Rxe‡bi eûwea mgm¨vi
K‡i gymwjg n‡Z n‡e| gvwK©b ZiæYxwU myiv 24 (Avb-b~i), AvqvZ: 62; mgvavb Ges mwVK c‡_i w`K-
Bmjvg Kx, Zv eyS‡Z PvB‡jv| †Q‡jwU myiv 26 (Avk-ïÔAviv), AvqvZ: 90| wb‡`©kbv| Avj KziAv‡b ZvwM` †`Iqv
Zv‡K Avjøvgv Ave`yjøvn BDmyd Avjx hvi wfwˇZ gvby‡li Rxeb weKv‡ki n‡q‡Q †h, Avgiv †h KvRB Kwi bv
KZ…©K Bs‡iwR‡Z Ab~w`Z cweÎ KziAvb ch©vq¸‡jv n‡jv: Avb-bvm ev gvby‡li †Kb, cÖwZwU KvR †hb Bnmvb ev
kix‡di GKwU Kwc w`‡q ej‡jv †h, g‡a¨ i‡q‡Q Avjøvni cÖf‡z Z¡ wek¦vmx AvšÍwiKZv I wbôvi m‡½ mym¤úbœ nq|
GwU co‡j †m Bmjvg m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z gywgb| Zvi Dc‡ii ¯Í‡i i‡q‡Q Ges GKB m‡½ Avgv‡`i‡K ÔmvqxÕ ev
I eyS‡Z cvi‡e| `yÕgvm KziAvb gymwjgyb ev m‡PZbfv‡e Avjøvni Kv‡Q D`¨gx I cwikªgx n‡Z ejv n‡q‡Q|
Aa¨q‡bi ci gvwK©b ZiæYxwU G‡m AvZ¥mgc©bKvix| Zvi Ic‡ii ¯Í‡i wb‡`k© †`Iqv n‡q‡Q,
Rvbv‡jv, ÔAvwg wm×všÍ wb‡qwQ †h, Avwg i‡q‡Q Avjøvni mKj ûKzg-AvnKvg
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 8
mx| iv| Zz| bœ| ex| (mv.)
Ôdjvd‡ji Rb¨ wek¦vmxMY 7. ivmyj (mv.) n‡”Qb Avjøvni
Avjøvni DciB wbf©i Ki‡e Zid †_‡K wb‡qvMcÖvß
Ges ˆah© aviY Ki‡e|Õ3 wePviK: myiv Avb-wbmv: 65
G †cÖÿvc‡U Avgv‡`i mvg‡b I 105|
mdjZvi GKgvÎ Ô†ivj g‡WjÕ, 8. iYv½‡bi †mbvcwZ
ÔAvBKbÕ ev ÔAv`k©Õ n‡”Qb Avjøvni ivmyj (mv.): myiv
cweÎ KziAv‡bi cwifvlvq Av‡j Bgivb: 121, Avb-
ÔDmIqvZzb nvmvbvÕ4 ev wbmv: 84, Avj-Avbdvj:
ÔAbymiYxq DËg Av`k©Õ Z_v 57 I 65|
gnvbex (mv.) Ges Zuvi (mv.) 9. civgk© mfv ev ïiv
D¾¡j-Kg©gq Rxeb| KviY KvDw݇ji cÖavb gnvbex
• wK‡kvi eq‡m wZwb wQ‡jb (mv.): myiv Av‡j Bgivb:
mgvRwn‰Zlx, mZ¨ev`x, 159|
PwiÎevb, msNvZ wbim‡bi gva¨‡g AvbyM‡Z¨i gva¨‡g †hgb GKwU cÖfiz 10. ivmyj (mv.) n‡”Qb
kvwšÍ cÖwZôvq DËg I b¨vqm½Z m‡½ `v‡mi m¤úK© Mo‡Z nq; m‡e©vËg Pwi‡Îi bgybv: myiv Av‡j
mgvavbKvix I wek¦vmx-AvgvbZ`vi †Zgwbfv‡e Avjøvni ivmy‡ji Abymi‡Yi Bgivb: 159, AvZ-ZvIev: 127,
ÔAvj-AvgxbÕ| gva¨‡g D¤§‡Zi m¤úK© Mo‡Z nq| Avj-Kvjvg: 4|
• cvwievwiK Rxe‡b wZwb wQ‡jb Av`k© G ch©v‡q Avgv‡`i ivmyj (mv.) m¤ú‡K© 11. ivmyj (mv.) wQ‡jb kÎæ‡`iI
¯^vgx I †mœngq-`vwqZ¡evb wcZv| cweÎ KziAv‡b Av‡iv hv D‡jøL Kiv Kj¨vYKvgx: myiv Avj-Kvnvd: 6|
n‡q‡Q, Zv-I Rvbv `iKvi| KviY 12. mKj bexB ivmyj (mv.)-Gi
• mvgvwRK Rxe‡b wZwb wQ‡jb
KziAvb-wb‡`©wkZ c‡_B iwPZ n‡e D¤§‡Zi e¨vcv‡i mvÿx: myiv Avb-
m`vPvix e¨w³Z¡|
ivmy‡ji m‡½ ev›`vi m¤ú‡K©i eywbqv`| bvnj: I Ges 89|
wZwb (mv.) wQ‡jb,
cweÎ KziAv‡b ivmyj (mv.) m¤úwK©Z 13. D¤§‡Z gynv¤§`x Ab¨ me D¤§‡Zi
• DcKvix cÖwZ‡ekx, mvÿx: myiv Avj-evKviv: 143|
• mr I mdj e¨emvqx, AvqvZmg~n‡K Avgiv 15wU welqwfwËK
Aa¨v‡q fvM Ki‡Z cvwi| †hgbÑ 14. bex‡`i wbR¯^ ÿgZvq bq; eis
• `vbexi, Avjøvni B”QvqB Zuviv †gv‡Rhv
gynv¤§` (mv.) Avjøvni †cÖwiZ ivmyj:
• Ava¨vwZ¥K mvabvq wm× cyiæl †kªô, myiv Avj-evKviv: 119, Avb-wbmv: 79, †`Lv‡Z cv‡ib: myiv Avj-
• `~i`„wóm¤úbœ K‚UbxwZK, AvbAvg: 109, Avi-ivÕ`: 38|
Avi-ivÕ`: 30, Avj-Bmiv: 105, Avj-
• †KŠkjx mgi‡bZv, Dch©³y AvqvZmg~n we¯ÍvwiZ ch©v‡jvPbv
Avw¤^qv: 107, Avj-Avnhve: 45, mvev
• Av`k© ivóªbvqK, Kiv n‡j6 wimvjvZ Ges ivmyj (mv.)-
28, Bqvmxb: 3| Gi Abymi‡Yi GKwU my¯úó I cwic~Y©
• Z¨vM-ÿgv-gn‡Ë¡ AZzjbxq Av`k©, 1. bex‡`i gvbeiƒcx gvey` g‡b Kiv w`K-wb‡`©kbv cvIqv m¤¢e| cÖm½Z
• `ye©j-msL¨vjNy-wbcxwoZ I bvixi Kzdix: myiv Avj-gvwq`v: 72-74| D‡jøL Kiv hvq †h, myiv Avj-Kvgvi
AwaKvi cÖwZôvi †kªôZg msMÖvgx| 2. wb‡R‡`i w`‡K bq, eis Avjøvni g°vq AeZxY© cweÎ KziAv‡bi GKwU
Zuvi (mv.) ¸Yvewj Av‡jvPbv K‡i †kl `vm‡Z¡i w`‡KB bex‡`i AvnŸvb: ¸iæZ¡c~Y© myiv| Avjøvn myenvbvû Zvqvjv
Kiv hv‡e bv| AZGe Avgv‡`i ivmyj myiv Av‡j Bgivb: 79| GB myivq GKwU we‡kl AvqvZ ÔPvi
(mv.)-Gi Rxeb I mybœvn n‡”Q Avgv‡`i 3. ivmyj (mv.) mKj bex‡`i g‡a¨ eviÕ D‡jøL K‡i‡Qb| †m we‡kl
Rxe‡bi mdjZvi GKgvÎ cixwÿZ DËg: myiv Avj-Avnhve: 40, mvev: AvqvZwU‡Z Avjøvn myenvbvû Zvqvjv
cv‡_q| G e¨vcv‡i cweÎ KziAvb-Gi 38| Bikv` K‡ib,
my¯úó wb‡`k©bv n‡”Q, 4. ivmyj (mv.)-Gi we‡kl ¸Yvewj:
ۚ myiv AvZ-ZvIev: 128, Avj- ÔAek¨B Avwg wkÿv MÖnY Kivi Rb¨
ÔAvbyMZ¨ Ki Avjøvni Ges AbymiY Ki Avw¤^qv: 107, Avj-Avnhve: 45- KziAvb‡K mnR K‡i w`‡qwQ, AZGe
Avjøvni ivmyj‡K|Õ5 46, mvev: 28| Av‡Q wK †Zvgv‡`i gv‡S †KD Gi
Rxe‡bi mdjZv, Ggb wK ciKvjxb 5. Avjøvni ivmy‡ji `vwqZ¡: myiv Av‡j †_‡K wkÿv MÖnY Kivi?Õ7
AbšÍ Rxe‡bi mvdj¨ I gyw³i Rb¨ Bgivb: 20, Avj-gvwq`v: 67, 92
I 99, Avi-ivÕ`: 40, Avk-ïiv: cweÎ KziAvb ïiæ n‡q‡Q ÔcoÕ e‡j;
Avjøvni AvbyM‡Z¨i c‡_ †h‡Z n‡e| Ôwkÿv †`Iqvi Rb¨ mnRÕ K‡i; Ges
Avi †m mvd‡j¨i c_ i‡q‡Q Avjøvni 84|
6. ivmyj (mv.) n‡”Qb bvgvhx‡`i ÔAvQ wK †KDÕ e‡j mÜvb Kiv n‡”Q Gi
ivmy‡ji mwVK-AvbyMZ¨ I wb‡f©Rvj- wkÿv_x©‡`i| ivmyj (mv.) mvivUv
Abymi‡Yi g‡a¨| AZGe cÖwZwU gywgb- Bgvg: myiv Avb-wbmv: 102, AvZ-
RxebB GB gnvb KziAv‡bi wkÿv cÖPvi
gymjgv‡bi Rb¨ Avjøvni cÖwZ ZvIev: 103| Avi ev¯Íevq‡bi gva¨‡gB w`‡q †M‡Qb
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 9
mx| iv| Zz| bœ| ex| (mv.)
`ywbqv I Av‡Liv‡Zi mvd‡j¨i w`kv| G (mv.) Bmjvg cÖPvi I cÖwZôvi Rb¨
Kvi‡YB ivmyj (mv.)-Gi b~ivbx Rxeb cÖ_‡gB A¯¿ e¨envi K‡ibwb|8 KziAvb cwjqvbv bvgK RvqMvq| wZwb wQ‡jb
n‡q I‡VwQj ÔRxešÍ KziAvbÕ ¯^iƒc| I mybvœ n-wfwËK cÖwkÿ‡Yi e¨e¯’v cwiev‡ii PZy_© mšÍvb| wkï eq‡m Zvi
gynv¤§`yi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi Bmjvgx K‡iwQ‡jb| Bmjvgx gvbem¤ú` MVb evev I gv gviv hvb Ges AvZ¥xq-
e¨w³ MV‡bi Rb¨ †Kvb A¯^vfvweK K‡iwQ‡jb| ¯^RbivB Zv‡K eo K‡ib| wZwb Dcb¨vm
c×wZ Aej¤^b K‡ibwb| Zuvi Abym…Z cweÎ KziAv‡bi c‡_ a‡i ivmyj (mv.)- QvovI bvUK, †QvU Mí Ges cÖeÜ iPbvq
c×wZ wQ‡jv mnR I ¯^vfvweK| Z`ycwi Gi Abymi‡Yi gva¨‡g Avjøvn myenvbvû e¨vcK L¨vwZ AR©b K‡ib| wZwb
Zvui Abym…Z c×wZ wQ‡jv Avjøvn KZ©…K Zvqvjvi cÖKZ… `vmZ¡ I AvbyMZ¨ mwVK wbD‡gvwbqv‡Z AvµvšÍ n‡q 1910 mv‡ji
wb‡`©wkZ| Avj KziAv‡bi Ávb weZiY Ávb, wkÿv I cÖÁvi †hvM¨Zvq cwic~Y© 20 b‡f¤^i ivwkqvi Av¯Ív‡cv‡fv bvgK
Ges Avj KziAv‡bi Áv‡bi wfwˇZ K‡iB Bn I ciKvjxb Kj¨vY wbwðZ GK cÖZ¨šÍ ¯’v‡bi †ijI‡q †÷k‡b wZwb
PwiÎ MV‡bi Rb¨ †jvK‡`i‡K Kiv AvR‡Ki m¼Uvcbœ cwiw¯’wZ‡Z Amy¯’ nb Ges c‡i gviv hvb| Zvi g„Zz¨i
DØy×KiYB wQ‡jv gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn me‡P‡q Riæwi KZ©e¨| G j‡ÿ¨ ci 1928Ñ1958-Gi ga¨eZ©x mg‡q
(mv.)-Gi e¨w³ MVb c×wZ| Avj cÖ‡Póvi weKí †bB| cweÎ KziAv‡bi Zvi mvwnZ¨Kg© 90 L‡Ê wef³ n‡q
KziAv‡bi m~iv Av‡j Bgiv‡bi 164 fvlvq: ZrKvjxb †mvwf‡qZ BDwbqb G cÖKvwkZ
bv¤^vi Avqv‡Z I m~iv Avj-RygyÔAvi 2 )!"#$%"&' ( nq Ges wek¦e¨vcx Qwo‡q c‡o|
bv¤^vi Avqv‡Z ۙ ÔwbðqB Avjøvn †Kvb RvwZi Ae¯’vi 2
cÖ‡dmi Ave`yb b~i, Avh-whKiæ Iqvj
(hv‡Z †m †jvK‡`i‡K AvqvZ¸‡jv c‡o cwieZ©b NUvb bv †hB ch©šÍ bv Zviv dvjvn, c„. 37
ïbvq Ges Zv‡`i ZvhwKqv K‡i) Ges Zv‡`i wPšÍv I Pwi‡Îi cwieZ©b 3
Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Beivnxg, 14:11Ñ12
m~iv Avj-evKvivi 151 bv¤^vi Avqv‡Z NUvq|Õ9 4
gywgb‡`i Rb¨ gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)
◌ (hv‡Z †m n‡”Qb ÔDmIqvZyb nvmvbvÕ ev Ôm‡e©vËg
†Zvgv‡`i‡K Avgvi AvqvZ¸‡jv c‡o ------------------------------------ D`vniYÕ| me©ve¯’v‡ZB AbymiY‡hvM¨|
ïbvq Ges †Zvgv‡`i ZvhwKqv K‡i) †jLK: cÖ‡dmi, ivRbxwZweÁvb wefvM, Avjøvn iveŸyj ÔAvjvgxb GB ÔDmIqvZyb
e‡j †mB c×wZi K_vB D‡jøL Kiv PÆMÖvg wek¦we`¨vjq nvmvbvÕ-Gi AbymiY‡KB Zvui fv‡jvevmv
n‡q‡Q| cvIqvi kZ© evwb‡q‡Qb|
1 5
D‡jøL¨ †h, gynv¤§v`yi ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)- wjI Uj÷q, iæk fvlvq †j¨f Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Av‡j Bgivb, 3:32
wbKjv‡qwfP Zj&‡¯Ívq, Rb¥ 28 AvM÷, 6
Gi AvnŸv‡b/`vIqv‡Z mvov w`‡q huviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KiB KZ©e¨ Dc‡iv³ AvqvZmg~‡ni
gywgb n‡Zb ZuvivI m‡½ m‡½B 1828, g„Zz¨ 20 b‡f¤^i 1910, GKRb ZiRgv †R‡b cÖwZwU wel‡q KziAvbwfwËK
L¨vwZgvb iæk †jLK| Zv‡K iæk my¯úó aviYv AR©b Kiv|
Bmjv‡gi gyevwjøM ev `vqx Bjvjøvn n‡q mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg †kÖô †jLK, GgbwK 7
†h‡Zb| ZuvivI Avj-KziAv‡bi Ávb Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avj-Kvgvi, 54:17
wek¦mvwn‡Z¨i Ab¨Zg †kÖô Jcb¨vwmK 8
weZiY Ges Avj-KziAv‡bi Áv‡bi wn‡m‡eI we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Zvi `yBwU Bmjvgx mgvR I ivóª iÿvq cieZ©x‡Z
wfwˇZ PwiÎ MV‡bi Rb¨ †jvK‡`i‡K Abe`¨ Dcb¨vm hy× I kvwšÍ (wcm A¨vÛ Kv‡di-gykwiK‡`i Dch©ycwi AvµgY
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wW‡m¤^iÕ15 11
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hv Aa¨qb K‡i †h †Kvb cÿcvZnxb beZi Avw½‡K BwZnvm iPbvq cÖqvmx cwi‡k‡l ejv hvq, †hme M‡elK I
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570 wLª÷vã: gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` 610 wLª÷vã: 40 eQi eq‡m beyIqvZ wbg©vY, Avhvb, Ihy bvgv‡hi wbqg I
(mv.)-Gi Rb¥| weï× gZ Abyhvqx jvf| wReªvBj (Av.) KZ©K … Zuv‡K Ihy I Rygv cÖPwjZ nq|
iweDj AvDqv‡ji 9 ZvwiL †mvgevi| cweÎZv c×wZ cÖ`vb| KziAvb bvwh‡ji 2q wnRix: hvKvZ, †ivRv, wKejv, C`-
572 wLª÷vã: `yÕeQi ci wZwb `y» m~Pbv| Dj-wdZi, C`-Dj- Avhnv, n¾
cvb eÜ K‡ib| avÎx gv nvwjgvi N‡i 610-13 wLª÷vã: beyIqv‡Zi cÖ_g 3 cvj‡bi cÖZ¨v‡`k jvf I e`‡ii hy×|
Ae¯’vb| eQi †Mvc‡b Bmjvg cÖPvi| me©cÖ_g 3q wnRix: g`xbvq Bmjvgx cÖRvZš¿
573-75 wLª÷vã: 3/4/5 eQi eq‡m nhiZ L`xRv (ivwh.), nhiZ hvwq`
¯’vcb, c„w_exi BwZnv‡m me©cÖ_g wjwLZ
Zuvi e¶we`viY nq| (ivwh.), nhiZ Avjx (ivwh.) I nhiZ
575-76 wLª÷vã: 5/6 eQi eqmKv‡j Avey eKi (ivwh.)-Gi Bmjvg MÖnY| msweavb g`xbv mb` cÖYqb Ges
Rbbx Avwgbvi †Kv‡j cÖZ¨veZ©b| Gici nhiZ Dmgvb (ivwh.) I nhiZ Iû‡`i hy×|
576 wLª÷vã: 6 eQi eq‡m gv‡qi mv‡_ hyev‡qi (ivwh.)-mn 40 R‡bi Bmjvg 5-6 wnRix: c`©vcÖ_v cÖeZ©b, L›`‡Ki
bvbvi evwo Mgb Ges †divi c‡_ MÖnY| hy× I û`vqweqvi mwÜ|
AveIqv bvgK ¯’v‡b gv Avwgbvi g„Zz¨| 614 wLª÷vã: Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K 7g wnRix: LvBevi Rq, gyZvi hy×, g`
gv nviv wkï evjK| cÖKv‡k¨ Bmjvg cÖPv‡ii Av‡`k `vb| wbwl× †NvlYv|
578 wLª÷vã: 8 eQi eq‡m `v`v Avãyj bex (mv.)-Gi cÖwZ Avey jvnv‡ei cv_i 8g wnRix: g°v weRq, ûbvB‡bi hy‡×
†gvËvwj‡ei BbwZKvj Ges PvPv Avey wb‡¶c I m~iv jvnve AeZxY©| I Zv‡q‡d Bmjv‡gi weRq nq|
Zvwj‡ei Dci Zuvi cÖwZcvj‡bi fvi 615 wLª÷vã: beyIqv‡Zi 5g e‡l©
9g wnRix: Bmjvgx kixqvn †gvZv‡eK
b¨v¯—| nhiZ Dmgvb (ivwh.)-Gi †bZ…‡Z¡ 16
582 wLª÷vã: 12 eQi eq‡m Avey mvnvexi `‡ji Avwewmwbqv wnRiZ| n‡¾i weavb cÖeZ©b|
Zvwj‡ei m‡½ wmwiqv Mgb Ges wLª÷vb nhiZ Igi (ivwh.) I nhiZ nvghv 10g wnRix: 1 jv‡LiI †ewk mvnvexmn
cwÊZ I cv`wi eynvBiv KZ©…K cÖwZkª“Z (ivwh.)-Gi Bmjvg MÖnY| wek¦bex (m.) we`vq n‡¾ Avivdv‡Zi
†kl bex wn‡m‡e wPýZ| 616-619 wLª÷vã: mgvRPz¨Z| 3 eQi gq`v‡b gvbeRvwZi Rb¨ w`K
584-85 wLª÷vã: 15 eQi eq‡m Ave× Rxeb hvcb| wb‡`©kbvg~jK HwZnvwmK we`vq fvlY
nvieyj dz¾vi hy‡× Ask MÖnY| 619 wLª÷vã: wewe nhiZ L`xRv `vb|
589-90 wLª÷vã: nhiZ L`xRv (ivwh.) I PvPv Avey Zvwj‡ei g„Z¨z | 11 wnRix/632 wLª÷vã: bex (mv.)-Gi
(ivwh.)-Gi evwYR¨ cÖwZwbwaiƒ‡c wmwiqv 622 wLª÷vã: g`xbvq wnRi‡Zi Rb¨ gv_v e¨v_v I R¡‡ii m~Pbv| 63 eQi 4
I Bqvgvb Mgb| mvnvexM‡Yi cÖwZ wb‡`©k Rvwi| ivm~j w`b eq‡m 12 iweDj AvIqvj †mvgevi
595 wLª÷vã: 25 eQi eq‡m wewe (mv.) I nhiZ Avey eKi (ivwh.)-Gi
wek¦bex (mv.)-Gi IdvZ nq| eyaevi
nhiZ L`xRv (ivwh.)-Gi mv‡_ we‡q| g°v Z¨vM Ges Mv‡i mvI‡i Avkªq|
605 wLª÷vã: †niv ¸nvq Zuvi a¨vbgMœ 1g wnRix/622 wLª÷vã: Bqvmix‡ei 14 iweDj AvIqvj †fvi iv‡Z Zuvi
Rxe‡bi m~Pbv nq| cwie‡Z© g`xbv bvgKiY, gmwR‡` beex `vdb m¤cbœ nq|

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I mvnvex‡`i f‚wgKv
W. gynv¤§` Ave`yj gvey`
evsjvq Avgiv hv‡K mvwnZ¨ ewj, myZivs G mgv‡ek ¯’j †_‡K †Zvgiv ivLZ| Avi GB wjwLZ Pzw³mg~n‡K
Aviwe‡Z Zv ÔAvj-Av`veÕ| Z‡e wk¶v MÖnY K‡iv| Zviv Avj-gvnwiK ejZ|4
ÔAv`veÕ kãwU ÔmvwnZ¨Õ †_‡K e¨vcK nhiZ Avjx (ivwh.)-Gi GKwU evYx‡Z Kwe Avj-nvwim Be‡b wnwj−hv (wn.c„.
A_©‡evaK| mvwnZ¨ ej‡Z hw` eyw×e„wË kãwUi e¨envi G‡m‡Q, 24 = 580 wLª.)-Gi gyÔAvjøvKvq G
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Ggb wk‡ívrKl© PgrKvi K_vgvjv ÔAvgv‡`i ebx DgvBqv fvB‡qiv n‡jb †Kv‡bvfv‡eB Zviv GB MwÊi evB‡i
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wKQz fveI i‡q‡Q| Avi Zv n‡jv: w`‡K AvnŸvbKvix †evSv‡bv n‡q‡Q| gv‡bi| Zv‡Z mywbw`©ó wKQz D‡Ïk¨ c~iY
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ˆbwZKZv BZ¨vw`| Rvwnjx hy‡Mi Aviwe hy‡M cwiwPZ wQj| Z‡e AvaywbK hy‡M †jLvI †kl n‡q †hZ| Z‡e Zv‡`i
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hvq bv| †Zgwbfv‡e Avj-KziAv‡bI G A‡_© e¨eüZ n‡Zv bv| cieZ©x 150 Zv‡`i h‡_ó ÔAvgmvjÕ (cÖev`-cÖePb)
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nv`x‡m Gi e¨envi †`Lv hvq| †hgbÑ mgq †_‡K wk¶v, wkí-mvwnZ¨, ms¯‹w… Z, (e³…Zv-fvlY) `v‡bi ixwZ| G Kvi‡Y
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kãPqb, DbœZgv‡bi AvPvi-AvPiY, n‡Z _v‡K| AvaywbKKv‡jI kãwU Gme Avi‡ei AvgQv‡ji GKwU Ask AweK…Z
Av`e-Af¨vm, Pvj-Pjb BZ¨vw` †`‡L A‡_© e¨envi nq| Z‡e mvnvex‡`i MÖše’ Ü n‡q‡Q| Avi Zv‡`i LyZev Zvi
mvnvexiv AevK we¯§‡q Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb, f‚wgKv wn‡m‡e ÔAv`veÕ GLb me©Rb AíwKQz Qvov cÖvq meB Kv‡ji M‡f©
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Av‡jvPbv Kivi c~‡e© Bmjvg-c~e© L¨vwZ wQj wek¦e¨vcx|
Aj¼vigwÊZ fvlv I evwM¥Zvq Rvwnjx
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Av`e wkwL‡q‡Qb| myZivs wZwb Avgv‡K m¤ú‡K© wKwÂr Av‡jvPbv cÖ‡qvRb| Avj-KziAv‡bi wewfbœ ¯’v‡b Zvi wPÎ
my›`ifv‡eB wkwL‡q‡Qb|Õ1 mvwnZ¨‡K mvaviYfv‡e `yÕfv‡M fvM
Kiv nq| M`¨ I c`¨| Q›` I cvIqv hvq| †hgb Avjøvn ZvAvjv
GLv‡b kãwU wk¶v`vb A‡_© e¨eüZ
AšÍ¨wg‡ji wfwˇZ web¨¯Í bq Ggb Kvwdi‡`i cwiPq w`‡Z wM‡q GK ¯’v‡b
n‡q‡Q| wkí-gvb-m¤úbœ K_v‡K M`¨ e‡j| Avi e‡j‡Qb,
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi Av‡iKwU evYx‡Z hv‡Z Q›` I AšÍ¨wgj _v‡K Zv‡K c`¨
G‡m‡Q, e‡j| Rvwnjx hy‡Mi Avieiv ivR‰bwZK
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e¨vcv‡i| cÖK…Zc‡¶ †m KwVb SMov‡U wKQz K_v ï‡bwQ| Zv bv gvby‡li K_v, †g‡qiv mg‡eZ n‡q ev`¨ evRv‡Zv|
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Avj-KziAv‡bi AviI Avqv‡Z Zv‡`i ¯^v`, Avi Zv‡Z Av‡Q GgbB cÖvÄjZv cÖKvk Ki‡Zv| Gi KviY, Kwe Zv‡`i
SMov, weZK© I evKcUzZvi wPÎ dz‡U I †mŠ›`h©, g‡b nq †hb GK ai‡bi gvb-gh©v`vi i¶K, es‡ki cÖwZ‡ivaK
D‡V‡Q| †hgbÑ hv`y| Zvi DcwifvM †hgb dj`vqK, Ges bvg I L¨vwZi cÖPviK|Õ16
ؕ wbgœfv‡MI †Zgwb cÖPiz cvbxq|Õ13 cÖvPxb Aviwe mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnvm cvV
Avj-Iqvjx‡`i G gšÍe¨ Øviv †evSv Ki‡j †`Lv hvq, Rvwnjx Avi‡e †hb
Ôhw` Zviv K_v e‡j, Avcwb Zv‡`i K_v Kve¨PP©vi c−veb e‡q e‡j‡Q| AmsL¨
hvq, Aj¼vigwÊZ weï× fvlvi Zviv
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†hgb mgS`vi wQj †Zgwb †m fvlvq
%ؕ!"#$ Zviv wb‡R‡`i Av‡eM-Abyfw‚ Zi cÖKvk Kiv hv‡e bv| Be‡b KzZvqev (g„. 276
ÔAZtci hLb wec` †K‡U hvq ZLb I Awfe¨w³‡ZI m¶g wQj| wn. = 889 wLª.) e‡j‡Q, ÔKweiv hviv
Zviv ab-m¤ú` jv‡fi Avkvq evby Zvgx‡gi GKwU cÖwZwbwa `‡ji KweZvi R‡b¨ Zv‡`i mgv‡R I †Mv‡Î
†Zvgv‡`i mv‡_ evKPvZzix‡Z AeZxY© Ab¨Zg m`m¨ I e³v Avgi Bebyj Rvwnjx I Bmjvgx Avg‡j cÖwmw× AR©b
nq|Õ9 Avnv‡¤§i fvlY ï‡b Zvi evKcUzZvq K‡i‡Qb Zv‡`i msL¨v GZ †ewk †h
gy» n‡q ivm~j (mv.) gšÍe¨ K‡ib, †KD Zv ïgvi Ki‡Z cvi‡e bv|Õ
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Av‡Q|Õ14 Zv‡`i msL¨v LyeB Kg| Zv‡`i bvg
Dc¯’vcb K‡i Zv †Kej weZ‡K©i Rb¨B hw` Avgiv D‡j−L Ki‡Z PvB Zvn‡j
†gvU K_v, cÖ‡Z¨K RvwZi †Kv‡bv bv
K‡i| e¯‘Z Zviv n‡jv GK weZK©Kvix AwaKvsk †jv‡Ki bvg D‡j−L Ki‡Z
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m¤úÖ`vq|Õ10 cvi‡ev|Õ17
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Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avj-KziAv‡bi cwiPq Av‡jvPbv nq ZLb gyn‡~ Z©i g‡a¨ †mB ivmyjj y vø n (mv.)-Gi Lv‡`g cÖL¨vZ
w`‡q‡Qb eY©bv, ¯úó I cÖvÄj MÖš’ ¸Y-ˆewk‡ó¨i cÖwZ gvby‡li gb P‡j mvnvex nhiZ Avbvm Beb gvwjK (iv.)
e‡j| G‡Z mewKQz we¯ÍvwiZ eY©bv K‡i hvq| Avie‡`i m¤ú‡K© hLb †Kv‡bv e‡jb, Ôivmyjj y vø n (mv.) hLb Avgv‡`i
my›`ifv‡e eySv‡bv n‡q‡Q| G Kvi‡Y Av‡jvPbv nq ZLb me©cÖ_g Zv‡`i †h GLv‡b (g`xbv) Av‡mb ZLb
Gi bvgKiY Kiv n‡q‡Q, ÔAvj- ¸Y-ˆewk‡ó¨i K_v gvby‡li g‡b Rv‡M Avbmvi‡`i cÖwZwU M„‡n KweZv ejv
dziKvbÕ| Avjøvn Gi fvlv‡K Avivweqyg Zv n‡jv fvlvi †Rvi I evwM¥Zv kw³| n‡Zv|Õ
gyweb ev ¯úó Aviwe e‡j †NvlYv cÖvPxb Avie RvwZ Ab¨ Abvie RvwZ- Avie‡`i fvlv I mvwn‡Z¨i DbœwZi
K‡i‡Qb| myZivs GB Avj-KziAv‡bi †Mvôxi cÖwZ ÔAvj-AvhgÕ kãwU e¨envi Ggwb GK ch©v‡q Bmjv‡gi Afz¨`q
g‡Zv GZ DbœZgv‡bi fvlv I Ki‡Zv| Gi Øviv Zviv Abvie‡`i‡K N‡U Ges Avi KziAvb AeZxY© nq|
eY©bv‰kjxi MÖš’ †h RvwZi Kv‡Q cvVv‡bv †evev A_ev g‡bi fve my›`ifv‡e e¨³ c~ee© Z©x Av‡jvPbvq †`Lv †M‡Q, ZLb
n‡qwQj, wbðq Zviv Gi fvlvi Ki‡Z A¶g e‡j wPüZ Ki‡Zv|15 G Aviwe mvwn‡Z¨i M`¨ I c`¨ Dfq
mgS`vi wQj Ges Zv‡`i fvlv I eY©bv †_‡K Abygvb Kiv hvq, Zv‡`i wbKU kvLvq e¨vcK PP©v nw”Qj| M‡`¨i
¶gZvI DbœwZi Pig wkL‡i †cŠu‡Q evwM¥Zvi ¯’vb wK wQj Ges Zv wb‡q †Kv‡bv wjwLZ iƒc bv _vK‡jI †gŠwLK
wM‡qwQj| GK_v Avj-Rvwnh (g„. 255 Zv‡`i wQj wK cwigvY Me© I AnsKvi| M`¨ Z_v LyZev (e³…Zv-fvlY) h‡_ó
wn. = 869 wLª.) e‡j‡Qb|11 Bmjvg-c~e© Avg‡ji Avieiv wQj GKwU DbœwZ jvf K‡i Ges †MvUv Avi‡e Gi
K_vwkí I evwM¥Zvq Zv‡`i †h cÖPÊ Kve¨-iwmK RvwZ| Zv‡`i e¨w³ I e¨vcK PP©v n‡Z _v‡K| Rvwnjx hy‡Mi
`Lj wQj, Zvi Av‡iv GKwU cÖgvY †h, mgvR Rxe‡b Kwe I KweZvi cÖfve wQj †h mKj Ávb-weÁvb I mvwnZ¨-
Avj KziAv‡bi †gvKvwejv Kivi Rb¨ Acwimxg| Zv‡`i wbKU Kwei ¯’vb wQj ms¯‹…wZ‡Z Bmjvg bZzbZ¡ Av‡b Zvi
Zv‡`i‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡bv n‡q‡Q|12 mevi Dc‡i| Zviv Kwe I bex‡K GKB g‡a¨ me‡P‡q D‡j−L‡hvM¨ n‡jv KweZv
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evwM¥Zv I eY©bv ¶gZvi cÖgvY enb ZvB‡Zv Zviv ivm~jj y vø n‡K (mv) Kwe Bmjvg Zv envj †i‡L Zvi AviI DbœwZ
K‡i| †Zgwbfv‡e kã I A‡_©i gvb I e‡j AvL¨vwqZ K‡iwQj| Beb ivkxK I e¨vwß NUvq| G hy‡M `vIqvZx
¸i“‡Z¡i cv_©K¨ wbiƒcY Ges k‡ãi Avj-Kvq‡ivqvbx (g„. 456 wn. = 1064 Kvh©µg, weRq Awfhvb, hy×-weMÖn
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wW‡m¤^iÕ15 18
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nq AvwgI Z`ªƒc Avcbv‡K †ei K‡i Be‡b Avgi Av`-`vImx ivm~jj y vø n (mv.) Kiv hvq|Õ wZwb AviI ej‡Zb,
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ï‡b ej‡Zb, ÔAvgvi c¶ †_‡K Reve Ave„wË Ki‡Z e‡jb| AZtci wZwb Be‡b mvjøvg Avj-Rygvnx (g„. 232 wn.)
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m¤ú‡K© Avey eKiB AwaK Ávbx| ivm~jjy vø n (mv.)-Gi BbwZKv‡ji ci me©‡kªô Kve¨-mgv‡jvPK MY¨ Kiv
mwZ¨B †mw`b nvmmvb G Kv‡Ri Dchy³ Zuvi my‡hvM¨ LjxdvMY Bmjvgx iv‡óªi n‡q‡Q| wZwb cÖ_g e¨w³ whwb i“wPi
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ZvB ivm~jyjøvn (mv) e‡jwQ‡jb, ÔZvi G Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`xb me©`vB KweZv Ave„wË wZwb †m hy‡Mi me©‡kªô Kwe g‡b
KweZv Zv‡`i R‡b¨ Zx‡ii AvNv‡Zi Ki‡Zb| Avi ivm~jj y vø ni (mv) mvnvexiv Ki‡Zb| ïay G wm×všÍ w`‡qB ¶všÍ
†Zv gmwR‡` beex‡Z KweZv Ave„wËi nbwb, m‡½ Zvi KviYI e‡j w`‡q‡Qb|
†P‡qI ZxeªZvi|Õ Gme Kvi‡YB wZwb
Avmi emv‡Zb|22 Bmjvgx hy‡M †h hynvqi‡K wZwb ej‡Zb, ÔwZwb GK
m½Zfv‡eB Ôkvwqi“i ivm~jÕ ev ivm~‡ji
mKj hy×-weMÖn nq Zv‡Z Dfq c‡¶ K_vi g‡a¨ Av‡iK K_v ¸wj‡q
Kwe bv‡g L¨vwZ jvf K‡ib| G AmsL¨ Kwe AskMÖnY K‡ib Ges wbR †dj‡Zb bv| Rswj I Av‡kvfb K_vI
ÔKweZvi msN‡l© Aci †h `yÕRb Kwe wbR c‡¶i †kŠh©-ex‡h©i eY©bv I kΓi Gwo‡q Pj‡Zb| †Kv‡bv e¨w³i g‡a¨
Zv‡K mvnvh¨ K‡ib, Zviv n‡jb, KvÕe D‡Ï‡k¨ wb›`vg~jK KweZv iPbv K‡ib| we`¨gvb ¸‡YiB wZwb cÖksmv K‡i‡Qb|
Beb gvwjK I Ave`yjøvn Beb ivIqvnv| Lyjvdv‡q ivwk`x‡bi cÖ‡Z¨‡K Kwe Zvi KweZvq †Kv‡bv AwZiÄb †bB|
mxiv‡Z Be‡b wnkvg cvV Ki‡j KweZvi wQ‡jb| nhiZ mvÕC` Beb Avj- ZvB wZwb me©‡kªô Kwe|Õ27 wZwb Ges
I jovB‡qi GKUv wPÎ †`L‡Z cvIqv gymvwqe (ivwh.) e‡jb, ÔnhiZ Avey Zvi m½xmv_xiv mg‡eZ n‡q KweZv I
hvq| eKi (iv) Kwe wQ‡jb| nhiZ Igi Kwe‡`i m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Zb Ges
Bmjvgx mvwn‡Z¨i BwZnv‡m Kwe KvÕe (ivwh.) Kwe wQ‡jb| Avi nhiZ Avjx Kvi †Kvb KweZv m‡e©vrK…ó †m m¤ú‡K©
Beb hynvq‡ii NUbvwU wPi¯§iYxq n‡q (ivwh.) wQ‡jb wZbR‡bi g‡a¨ †kªô gZvgZ e¨³ Ki‡Zb|28 wZwb ej‡Zb,
_vK‡e| Bmjvg wkí I mvwn‡Z¨i cÖwZ Kwe|Õ23 †m hy‡Mi mgv‡jvPbv mvwn‡Z¨i KweZv n‡jv †Kv‡bv RvwZi GgbB GK
†h KZ D`vi I Gi KZ eo c„ô‡cvlKÕ BwZnvm cvV Ki‡j nhiZ Avey eKi Ávb hvi †P‡q †kªô Avi †Kv‡bv Ávb
G NUbv Zvi R¡jšÍ cÖgvY| Rv‡njx I (ivwh.)-Gi GKRb †kªô mvwnZ¨ †bB|29
Bmjvgx hy‡Mi wewkó Kwe KvÕe Beb mgv‡jvPKiƒ‡c †`L‡Z cvIqv hvq| nhiZ Igi (ivwh.) KziAv‡bi Avqv‡Zi
hynvqi| wZwb Bmjvg MÖn‡Yi c~‡e© wZwb Kwe bvweMv Avh-hyeBqvbx‡K A_© eyS‡Z KweZvi kiYvcbœ n‡Zb|
Bmjvg I Bmjv‡gi bexi wb›`vg~jK Rvwnjx hy‡Mi me©‡kªô Kwe g‡b Ki‡Zb GKevi wZwb wg¤^‡i Ici `vuwo‡q m~iv
KweZv iPbv K‡i ivm~‡ji weivMevRb Ges ej‡Zb, Zvi KweZv wkíKzkjZv Avb-bvn‡ji 47Zg AvqvZ cvV
nb| ivm~j (mv.) Zv‡K nZ¨vi wb‡`©k I Q›` gvay‡h© m‡e©vrK…ó Ges me©v‡c¶v K‡ib| Zvici Dcw¯’Z mvnvev‡q
†`b| †m e¨w³B hLb Bmjvg MÖnY K‡i †ewk mvejxj|24 wØZxq Ljxdv Igi †Kiv‡gi wbKU Avqv‡Z Dwj−wLZ
gw`bvq G‡jb Ges Zvi weL¨vZ Kvwm`v (ivwh.) m¤ú‡K© †Zv cÖwmw× Av‡Q,
ÔevbZ myÕAv`Õ Ave„wË K‡i ivm~j‡K ZvKvDqydxb kãwUi A_© Rvb‡Z Pvb|
†Kv‡bv cÖwZwbwa`j Zvi Kv‡Q G‡j wZwb mvnvev‡q wKivg mK‡j Pzc _vK‡jb|
(mv) †kvbvb, ZLb ivm~j (mv) Zv‡K Zv‡`i Kwe‡`i m¤ú‡K© wRÁvmvev`
ïay ¶gvB K‡ibwb; eis Lywki ZLb ûhvqb †Mv‡Îi GK e„× D‡V
Ki‡Zb| Zviv Zv‡`i Kwe‡`i wKQz `uvwo‡q ejj, †n Avgxi“j gywgbxb! GUv
AvwZk‡h¨ Zvi m„wói cÖwZ`vb-¯^iƒc KweZv Ave„wË K‡i †kvbv‡Zv Ges wZwb
wbR †`‡ni Pv`iwU Zv‡K Dcnvi †`b| Avgv‡`i Dcfvlv| Gi A_© Aí-Aí
wb‡RI †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq †mme †bIqv| nhiZ Igi (ivwh.) e„‡×i
ivm~jyjøvn (mv.)-Gi wb‡`©‡k bv`i Beb KweZvi wKQz Ask Ave„wË Ki‡Zb|
nvwiR‡K nZ¨v Kiv nq| Gici Zvi wbKU Rvb‡Z PvB‡jb, Avieiv wK
wZwb emivi kvbKZ©v nhiZ Avey gymv Zv‡`i KweZv †_‡K A_© Rvb‡Z cv‡i?
Kb¨v ivm~jyjøvn (mv)-Gi mgx‡c Avj-AvkAvix‡K (ivwh.) wb‡`©k †`b,
Dcw¯’Z n‡q GKwU gg©¯ck©x KweZv A_©vr Avie Kweiv Zv‡`i KweZvq G
ÔZzwg †Zvgvi ILvbKvi †jvK‡`i‡K
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 19
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A‡_© kãwU cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb? e„× KvD‡KI cvIqv gykwKj whwb †Kv‡bv
ej‡jb, nu¨v Avgv‡`i Kwe Avey Kexi KweZv iPbv K‡ibwb, A_ev KL‡bv 14
(K) Avj-Rvwnh, Avj-evqvb IqvZ
Avj-ûhvjx Zvi Dóªxi eY©bv w`‡Z wM‡q KweZv Ave„wË K‡ibwb|34 Zveqxb, L. 1, c„. 53 I 349; (L) Avey
GKwU †k−v‡K G kãwU e¨envi nhiZ Ave`yjvø n Beb AveŸvm ej‡Zb, BmnvK Avj-nvmvix, mvniæj Av`ve, L.
K‡i‡Qb| Zvici e„× †k−vKwU Ave„wË cweÎ KziAvb cvV K‡i hw` †Kv_vI 1, c„. 5
15
K‡i †kvbvb| nhiZ Igi (ivwh.) ZLb eyS‡Z bv cv‡iv Zvn‡j Zvi A_© (K) Avj-Rvwnh, Avj-evqvb IqvZ
e‡jb, Ô†Zvgiv †Zvgv‡`i `xIqvb Avie‡`i KweZvi gv‡S mÜvb K‡iv|35 Zveqxb, L. 4, c„. 27; (L) W. hûi
Avng` Avhnvi, dvmvnv‡Z bvevex, c„.
msi¶Y K‡i iv‡Lv, Zvn‡j †Zvgiv Avi Gfv‡e hw` †m hy‡Mi Aviwe mvwn‡Z¨i 98
†Mvgivn n‡e bv|Õ30 BwZnvm ch©v‡jvPbv Kiv nq Zvn‡j 16
Be‡b ivkxK, wKZveyj Dg`v, L. 1, c„.
Bmjv‡gi PZz_© Ljxdv nhiZ Avjx †`Lv hv‡e mvwn‡Z¨ PP©vi †¶‡Î 78
17
(ivwh.) wQ‡jb Áv‡bi fvÊvi| †m hy‡Mi mvnvev‡q wKivg BwZevPK mvov Beb KzZvqev, Avk-wkÕiæ Iqvk
Avie Kwe‡`i g‡a¨ wZwbI GKRb †kªô w`‡q‡Qb| g~jZ mvnvev‡q wKiv‡gi `yB ïÕAviv, c„. 3
18
Kwe| w`Iqv‡b Avjx bvgK Kve¨ Av`k© wQj Avj KziAvb I ivm~jj y vø n Avj-KziAvb, m~iv Avk-ïÔAviv,
msKjb MÖš’wU AvRI Zuvi Kve¨ cÖwZfvi (mv.) mybvœ n| G `ywUi wfwˇZ †hgb 26:224
19
(K) Avj-Rvwnh, Avj-evqvb IqvZ
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2
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6
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ZvK‡j `vZv n‡e Ges fxi“ _vK‡j 1992; (L) gyiZvhv Avh-hyevB`x, ZvRyj
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wkÿv jvf Ki‡Z cv‡iv|Õ GiKg b`ex Zuvi AbymiY I Abykxj‡bi gva¨‡gB wcÖw›Us MÖæc, nje, wmwiqv (wØZxq
(in.) we¯ÍvwiZfv‡e G K_v †`wL‡q‡Qb Avgiv Avgv‡`i Rxe‡b Av‡jvi mÜvb ms¯‹iY: 1375 wn. = 1955 wLª.), L. 2,
†h, ivRv-cÖRv, awb-Mixe, QvÎ-wkÿK, cvIqv Aek¨B m¤¢e| c„. 172-470
3
weRqx-civwRZ, wkï-hyeK-e„× GK Ab¨_vq Drme cvjb I AvbyôvwbKZvi wePvicwZ ZKx Imgvbx, Rvnv‡b `x`vn,
gvKZvev gvAvwidzj KziAvb, KivwP,
K_vq mK‡ji R‡b¨B ivm~j (mv.)i ga¨ w`‡q iexDj AvDqvj eiY ïay †h cvwK¯Ívb (bZzb ms¯‹iY: 1431 wn. =
RxebPwi‡Z Abycg Av`k© we`¨gvb|4 Ab_©K Zv-B bq, GwU Avgv‡`i‡K bexi 2010 wLª.), c„. 397
cÖwZ eQi iexDj AvDqvj Avgv‡`i‡K mybœvn †_‡K `~‡i mwi‡q †`IqviI 4 mvB‡q` Aveyj nvmvb Avjx b`ex, Avm-
mxiv‡Z beex AuvK‡o aivi cÖwZ KviY| Avjøvn ZvAvjv Avgv‡`i mxivZzb bvevweqv, `viæj Kjg,
AbycÖvwYZ K‡i| Avgv‡`i `vwqZ¡ I w`gvkK, wmwiqv c„. 454Ñ456
KZ©e¨ m¤ú‡K© mRvM I m‡PZb K‡i
Zz‡j| ZvB memg‡qi g‡Zv GeviI my-msev`
iexDj AvDqvj Avgv‡`i‡K wb‡gœv³ Avjøvn cvK iveŸyj Avjvgxb KziAvb msiÿ‡Yi gnvb `vwqZ¡
wel‡qi cÖwZ Avnevb Ki‡Q:
1. mKj gymjgvb‡K mvaviYfv‡e Ges wb‡q‡Qb| GRb¨B wZwb KziAvb Kɯ’ Kiv mnRZi K‡i
`vC I Avwjg‡`i‡K we‡klfv‡e GB w`‡q‡Qb| Avi AwfÁ nv‡d‡h KziAvb Movi j‡ÿ¨ hy‡M hy‡M
gvm Avnevb Ki‡Q †h, Avmyb Avgiv wewfbœ c`‡ÿc †bIqv n‡q‡Q| ZviB avivevwnKZvq Rvwgqv
Rxe‡bi me©‡ÿ‡Î mxivZ I mybvœ ‡Z Bmjvwgqv cwUqvq `xN©Kvj †_‡K P‡j Avm‡Q Ôwndhyj KziAvb
beex Abymi‡Y c~Y© m‡Pó nB|
Avgv‡`i Rxeb cwiµgv †hb mybœv‡Z
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvÕ|
beexi D¾¡j `„óvšÍ n‡q hvq| KziAv‡b Kixg wndh Kiv I cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi †ÿ‡Î Avqv‡Z
2. `jgZ wbwe©‡k‡l mKj gymjgvb‡K gyZvkvwenv‡Zi ¸iæZ¡ AeY©bxq| wKš‘ welqwU AwZRwUj nIqvq
Avnevb Ki‡Q, Zviv †hb cÖwZw`b mKj‡K nZvkvq fzM‡Z †`Lv hvq| Zvi cv‡_q wn‡m‡e welqwUi
wKQz mgq (Avav NÈv n‡jI) Ici GKwU hy‡Mvc‡hvMx MÖš’ AZxe Riæwi| ZvB nv‡d‡h
mxivZPP©vi R‡b¨ wba©vwiZ K‡ib|
hv‡Z IB mgq mxivZ welqK eB-
KziAvb‡`i Kj¨vY I wndh cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i Abykxj‡bi cÖwZ jÿ¨
cy¯ÍK cvV K‡ib Ges ¯^xq †i‡L evsjv‡`k Zvndxhyj KziAvb ms¯’vi m¤§vwbZ †m‡µUvwi
cwievieM©‡K cvV K‡i ïbvb| †Rbv‡ij, Rvwgqv cwUqvi gynvwÏm, Avjøvgv ingZ Djøvn KvDmvi
AZtci gynvmvev Kiæb, hv co‡jb †bhvgx (`v. ev.) bZzb Avw½‡K H0K$F, U T KS I K D F, (AvZ-
Zvi Ici wb‡Ri KZUzKz Avgj
i‡q‡Q? bv _vK‡j G e¨vcv‡i hZœevb wZeqvb dx gyZvkvwenvwZj KziAvb) bv‡g GKwU MÖš’ iPbv
†nvb| K‡i‡Qb|
3. GB gvm we‡k^i gymwjg kvmK‡`i D‡jøL¨ †h, evsjv‡`k Zvndxhyj KziAvb ms¯’vi e¨e¯’vcbvq
Avnevb Ki‡Q, Zviv †hb ¯‹zj, AvMvgx 9, 10 I 11 gvP©Õ15 wndhyj KziAvb cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi
K‡jR I fvwm©wUi cvV¨m~wP‡Z we‡kl cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i DwjøwLZ MÖš’ †_‡K cÖkœ Kiv n‡e| ZvB
mxiv‡Z beex‡K eva¨Zvg~jK K‡ib
Ges cÖZ¨n wba©vwiZ GKwU mg‡q cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖn‡Y B”QzK wkÿv_©x‡`i Rb¨ MÖšw’ U msMÖn Kiv
ivóªxq cÖPvigva¨g¸‡jv‡Z mxivZ I GKvšÍ Riæwi| MÖš’wUi gjvU cvVK‡`i `„wó Kvovi g‡Zv
mybœv‡Z beex wkÿv`v‡bi e¨e¯’v g‡bvig| DbœZ KvMR I my›`i Qvcv MÖšw’ Ui Ab¨Zg ˆewkó¨|
K‡ib| MÖš’wU Øviv cvVKgnj DcK…Z †nvK| GUvB gnvb Avjøvn cv‡Ki
4. gvmwU Avn‡j Bjg I Bmjvgx Kv‡Q Avgv‡`i GKvšÍ Kvgbv|
wPšÍvwe`‡`i AvnŸvb Rvbv‡”Q, Zuviv
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 26
mx| iv| Zz| bœ| ex| (mv.)

C‡` wgjv`ybœex
C‡` wgjv`ybwœ e bv‡g Bmjv‡g †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv ag©xq Aby‡gv`b bv _vKviB
C` †bB| a‡g©i bv‡g †Kv‡bv wKQz cÖPvi cÖgvY|
Ki‡Z n‡j Dchy³ `jxj-cÖgvY jv‡M| Aviwe eQi K‡e †_‡K MYbv Kiv n‡e -
†Kv‡bv C` bq C‡` wgjv`ybœexi cÖPviK‡`i Kv‡Q Zv
†bB| `jxj-cÖgvY ej‡Z Zviv hv
G wb‡q hLb Igi (ivwh.)-Gi D‡`¨v‡M
civgk©-mfv WvKv nq, ZLb wKQz
mvnvex bex (mv.)-Gi Rb¥ w`em †_‡K
Dc¯’vcb K‡ib, Zv‡K cÖgvY †Zv ejvB
gydZx BDmyd myjZvb hvq bv, mv‡cvU©vi ej‡ZI j¾v nq| eQi MYbv Kivi civgk© †`b| wKš‘
Avi KziAvb-nv`xm I mvnvev- Igi (ivwh.)-mn eo mvnvexMY Zv
[GK] K‡Vvifv‡e cÖwZnZ K‡ib| c‡i
gvbyl ïay Drm‡ei †cQ‡b †`Šovq| e¨¯— Zv‡eqx‡`i Rxebx †_‡K cÖgvY Qvov
a‡g©i bv‡g bZzb wKQz Kiv‡K ejv nq wnRiZ †_‡KB eQi MYbv ïi“ nq|
I GK‡Nu‡q Rxe‡bi †Lvjm †Q‡o GKUz ejv nq, cieZ©xKv‡j †Kv‡bv GK
†ewi‡q Avm‡Z Pvq †m| GKUz kvwš— †e`vZ| bex (mv.) †e`v‡Zi wei“‡× kvm‡Ki mgq G w`emwUi cÖPjb ïi“
Avi myL jv‡fi Rb¨ QUdU Ki‡Z _v‡K memgq K‡Vvi wQ‡jb| †Kv‡bv e³e¨ nq| hv AvRI wKQz gvbyl jvjb K‡i
memgq| ZvB †Kv‡bv bvg-Kv-Iqv‡¯— ïi“ Kivi mgq wZwb †h f‚wgKv ej‡Zb, Avm‡Q|
Dwmjv †c‡jB †b‡P I‡V Zvi gb| Qz‡U Zv‡ZB †e`v‡Zi wei“‡× K‡Vvi ûwkqvwi
hvq †m w`‡K| †g‡Z I‡V Drm‡e| _vKZ| Bgvg eyLvix (in.)-mn me [Pvi]
Kv‡ji K‡Éi †mw`b ÔivRK‚UÕ ev‡m nvw`m‡eËvB †mme eYb©v D‡j−L iweDj AvDqvj gvm Avm‡jB Avgv‡`i
e‡m cowQjvg| cÖ”Q` iPbv Ôi‡³i K‡i‡Qb| †fZi bex‡cÖg †R‡M I‡V| Av‡e‡M
A¶‡i †jLv knx‡`i bvg †f‡m †M‡Q †e`v‡Zi wei“‡× GZ K‡Vvi ûwkqvwi ZvwoZ nB Avgiv| fv‡jv| wKš‘ Avgiv
f¨v‡j›UvB‡bi †Rvqv‡iÕ gb‡hvM w`‡q D”PviY Kivi KviY, ag©‡K Zvi g~j wK Av‡eMUv‡K mwVK c‡_ Kv‡R
cojvg| Kxfv‡e †kv‡Ki K_v fz‡j Aeq‡e i¶v Kiv| †Kbbv †e`v‡Zi m„wó jvMv‡Z cvwi? †Kb, Gme †e`v‡Z bv
wM‡q ïay GKUz my‡Li Avkvq gvbyl memgqB my›`i Aeq‡e n‡q _v‡K| Rwo‡q bex (mv.)-Gi Rxe‡bi Ici
†e`vZKvix‡`i D‡Ïk¨I AwaKvsk mgq Av‡jvPbv-ch©v‡jvPbv-M‡elYv Avi
mn‡RB GKwU evwYwR¨K w`b‡K MÖnY
mIqve jvf Kiv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ mfv-†mwgbvi Av‡qvRb Ki‡j wK fv‡jv
K‡i Drm‡ei w`b wn‡m‡e iPbvwU †m nZ bv? bexi (mv.) R‡b¥i gvm, Avevi
K_vB Av½yj Zz‡j †`wL‡q †`q Gfv‡e KziAvb-nv`x‡m †hme †bB,
†mme hw` a‡g©i bv‡g ms‡hvRb n‡Z Zuvi B‡š—Kv‡jiI gvm GUv| G gv‡m
Avgv‡`i‡K| Zuvi Rxe‡bi bvbv w`K wb‡q Av‡jvPbv
Avgv‡`i Ae¯’v †Zv GLb Ggb †h, ïi“ K‡i, Zvn‡j a‡g©i AeqeB GKw`b Kiv †h‡Z cv‡i|
†Kv‡bv Drme cvjb Ki‡Z Zvi nvwi‡q hv‡e| G gv‡m Zuvi mvgvwRK, A_©‰bwZK,
BwZnvmI †N‡U †`wL bv Avgiv| wgwWqv gvbyl hLb Ab¨vq K‡i, ZLb Zvi ivR‰bwZK, K‚U‰bwZK `k©b¸‡jv wb‡q
e‡j fv‡jvevmv w`em, fv‡jvevm‡Z ïi“ †fZi G Abyfw‚ Z KvR K‡i †h, †m mfv-†mwgbvi n‡Z cv‡i| Zuvi Av`k© I
Kwi Avgiv| wgwWqv e‡j GwcÖj dzj, Ab¨vq Ki‡Q| d‡j GKw`b bv GKw`b mybvœ Z gvby‡li Kv‡Q Zz‡j aiv †h‡Z
dzj evbv‡Z e¨¯— n‡q hvB Avgiv| †m AbyZß nq| ¶gv Pvq Avj−vni cv‡i| ïay R‡b¥i c~ev© ci Mí¸‡jv
wgwWqv cÖPvi K‡i C‡` wgjv`ybœex, C` Kv‡Q| wKš‘ †e`vZ Kivi mgq Zvi ej‡jB wK `vq wg‡U hvq? fv‡jvevmv
cvjb Ki‡Z ïi“ Kwi Avgiv| GjvKvi †fZi G Abyfw‚ Z KvR K‡i †h, †m wK ïayB R‡b¥i mv‡_ m¤ú„³? Rxeb wK
†Q‡jiv cUKv †dvUv‡bv ïi“ K‡i| mIqv‡ei KvR Ki‡Q| d‡j w`‡bi ci GLv‡b G‡Kev‡iB ¸i“Z¡nxb?
†Kvigv-†cvjvI Avi wkwbœ-†mgvB ivbœv w`b Zv‡Z wjß _vKvi ciI †m AbyZß Avmyb fvwe, wPš—v Kwi| wPš—vkxj‡`i
nq N‡i N‡i| Avðh©! nq bv| d‡j ¶gvcÖv_©bvi my‡hvMI Kv‡Q hvB| Av‡jvPbv Kwi| bex (mv.)
Avgiv wK gvbyl bB! gvbyl †Zv fv‡e, Av‡m bv Zvi| GRb¨B †e`vZ eo Rxeb wb‡q, Zuvi Av`k© wb‡q, Zvui `k©b
wPš—v K‡i| Zv m¤¢e bv n‡j KvD‡K †m wb‡q|
cv‡ci †P‡qI fqsKi|
wRÁvmv K‡i| Rvbvi ¯c„nv _v‡K Zvi|
†klK_v
†KD ejj Avi Zv †g‡b wbj -gvbyl †Zv [wZb] hviv C‡` wgjv`ybwœ e cvjb K‡ib Zv‡`i
Ggb bq| Zvn‡j †Zv wPš—vkw³ mg„× bex (mv.)-Gi Rb¥ w`em‡KB Zviv C‡` A‡b‡KiB D‡Ïk¨ bex (mv.)-Gi
†gav/†eªBb Zv‡K †`qv nZ bv| mªóv wgjv`ybœex e‡jb| A_P Ggb †Kv‡bv fv‡jvevmv| Kv‡RB Zv‡`i‡K `gb
Avj−vn Zvqvjv gvbyl‡K Zv w`‡Zb bv| w`em bex (mv.) wb‡RI cvjb K‡ibwb, Kivi bv‡g Zv‡`i‡K Kó †`qv Kvg¨ bq
gvby‡li ¯^fve wPš—v Kiv| fvev| wPš— Zvi mvnvex-Zv‡eqx †KD cvjb K‡ib KL‡bvB| eis, my›`i e¨env‡ii gva¨‡g,
vkxj‡`i ¯§iYvcbœ nIqv| G¸‡jv wK wb| wbtm‡›`‡n bex (mv.)-G mvnvexMY Ávb I cÖÁvi gva¨‡g Kv‡Q †U‡b wb‡Z
Avgiv Kwi? Avgv‡`i †P‡q bex (mv.)-Gi cÖwZ †ewk n‡e Zv‡`i| bex †cÖg Z‡eB dz‡U DV‡e
fv‡jvevmv †cvlY Ki‡Zb| GiciI ¯^v_©Kfv‡e| Avj−vn Avgv‡`i ZvIdxK
[`yB] Zv‡`i G w`em cvjb bv Kiv G w`‡bi w`b|

wW‡m¤^iÕ15 27
g| n| Rx| e| b

dKxûj wgj−vZ Avj−vgv gydZx Ave`yi

ingvb (in.): `xwß hvi KxwZ©gvb
nv‡dR gynv¤§` Aveyj gÄzi
eo eo e„¶ivwR †hgb Zß †iv‡` K¬všÍ- Avj−vgv byi“j Bmjvg R`x`, Avj−vgv el©xqvb GB Avwj‡g `x‡bi BwšÍKvj
kªvšÍ cw_K‡K Qvqv †`q,‡Zgwb Rxe‡bi kvn gynv¤§` AvBqye ivwngvûgyjv− n cÖgyL msev` Qwo‡q covi mv‡_ mv‡_ †`k-
`xN© hvÎvc‡_ msKUvcbœ gvbe RvwZi Awemsevw`Z AwffveK‡`i nvwi‡qwQ| we‡`‡k Avwjg-Ijvgv, `xbx wk¶v_©xmn
Ici kiqx Pv`i Øviv cÖkvwšÍi Qvqv hv‡`i k~b¨Zv KL‡bv c~ib nIqvi bq| ZvInx`x Rb‡Mvôxi gv‡S †b‡g Av‡m
we¯Í…Z K‡ib n°vbx Ijvgv‡q †Kivg| G Ae¯’vqI †h K‡qKRb cÖwZfvai †kv‡Ki Qvqv| m„wó nq AwffveK
ZvB‡Zv gnvbex nhiZ gynv¤§` m. Avwj‡g `xb wb‡R‡`i Ávb-cÖÁv, nviv‡bvi Ki“Y Abyfw‚ Z|
bexM‡Yi my‡hvM¨ DËim~ix Ijvgv‡q ZvKIqvi ¸Yvewj, A`g¨ Cgvbx ¯ú„nv GgbwK cÖKw… Zi gv‡SI weivwRZ nq
†Kiv‡gi BwšÍKvj‡K GK GKwU RM‡Zi I eyw×`xßZv w`‡q Cgvbx-Bmjvnx †kv‡Ki Aven| ûhy‡ii BwšÍKv‡ji iv‡Z
g„Zy¨i mv‡_ Zzjbv K‡i‡Qb| Avgiv ZvÕjx‡gi cvkvcvwk RvwZ‡K ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¸wo¸wo e„wócvZ, Rvbvhvi w`‡bi
µgvš^‡q †miKg Cgvb`xß Ijvgv‡q w`K-wb‡`©kbv `vb K‡i AvmwQ‡jb †gNv”Qbœ AvKvk Zv-B cÖgvY K‡i|
†Kivg I RvZxq gyiweŸ‡`i nvivw”Q| Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ dKxûj wgj−vZ Avj−vgv giûg ûhyi‡K †kl ev‡ii g‡Zv GK
MZ GKhy‡Mi g‡a¨ Avgiv RvZxq LZxe gydZx Ave`yi ingvb (in.) Ab¨Zg| bR‡i †`Lvi cÖej AvMÖ‡n, Rvbvhvq
Avj−vgv DevB`yj nK, Avj−vgv BmnvK whwb AmsL¨ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi D¯—vh, kixK nIqvi gnr D‡Ï‡k¨ XvKv
MvRx, Avj−vgv Avjx Avng` †evqvjfx, XvKv BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvimn A‡bK Awfgy‡L †b‡g Av‡m nvRv‡iv †kvKvZ©
Avj−vgv BmnvK Q`i mv‡ne ûhyi, `xbx I mvgvwRK cÖwZôv‡bi ¯^c`œ óª v I gvby‡li †mªvZ| ivRavbx XvKv †hb
Avj−vgv byi“j Bmjvg K`xg, Avj−vgv cÖwZôvZv| wek¦e¨vcx gymwjg D¤§vn cwiYZ n‡qwQj †kv‡Ki bMix‡Z|
gydZx Avng`yj nK, Avj−vgv Rgxi hLb bvbvgyLx mgm¨vq RR©wiZ Ggb †kvKvnZ nvRv‡iv gvby‡li MšÍe¨ †hb
DÏxb bvbycyix, Avj−vgv nvi“b µvwšÍKv‡j RvZxq G AwffveK‡KI †KejB emyÜiv BmjvwgK wimvP©
Bmjvgvev`x, Avj−vgv Avgxbyj Bmjvg, Avgiv nvivjvg| wZwb MZ 10 b‡f¤^i †m›Uvi| †jv‡K †jvKviY¨ n‡q D‡V
kvqLyj nv`xm Avj−vgv AvRxRyj nK, ivZ 7Uv 30 wgwb‡U Avcb nv‡Z Mov cy‡iv emyÜiv GjvKv|
mvB‡q` gynv¤§` dRjyj Kixg (cxi Agi KxwZ© XvKv emyÜiv BmjvwgK emyÜiv †K›`ªxq Rv‡g gmwR‡`i mvg‡b
mv‡ne Pi‡gvbvB), RvZxq wmcvnmvjvi wimvP© †m›Uv‡i B‡šÍKvj K‡ib| Bbœv Rvbvhvi †NvlYv †`Iqv n‡jI c‡i
Avj−vgv gydZx dRjyj nK Avgxbx, wjj−vwn Iqv Bbœv BjvBwn ivwRDb| Rb‡mªv‡Z RvqMv m¼zjvb bv nIqvi

wW‡m¤^iÕ15 28
g| n| Rx| e| b
Avk¼vq emyÜiv Kb‡fbkb †m›Uvi 5- we‡klÁ dKxûj wgj−vZ Avj−vgv gydZx cÖ‡Póvi dmj| wZwb G cÖwZôv‡bi
Gi mvg‡b ¯’vb wba©vwiZ nq| h_vixwZ Ave`yi ingvb (in.) PÆMÖvg †Rjvi Avg„Z¨y cwiPvjK wQ‡jb|
11 b‡f¤^i (eyaevi) mKvj 10Uv 10 dwUKQwo _vbvi BgvgbMi MÖv‡g GK my`xN© 6 eQi `vIqvZx †gnbZ †k‡l
wgwb‡U ûhy‡ii eo †Q‡j gvIjvbv gydZx m¤£všÍ gymwjg cwiev‡i Rb¥MÖnY K‡ib| 1968 mv‡j Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cwUqvq
Avikv` ingvbxi BgvgwZ‡Z bvgv‡h evevi bvg Pvb wgqv| QvÎ Rxe‡b gydZx cÖZ¨veZ©b K‡ib| GLv‡b wZwb 1989
Rvbvhv wekvj Rbmgy‡`ª iƒc †bq| Ave`yi ingvb (in.) bvwRinvU eo ch©šÍ eûgyLx †L`gZ AvbRvg †`b|
Rvbvhvi c~‡e© Av‡jvPbv K‡ib, Rwgq‡Z gv`ivmv I Rvwgqv Avnwjqv gCbyj wZwb GKvav‡i Rv‡gqvi cÖavb gydZx,
Djvgv‡q Bmjv‡gi gnvmwPe Avj−vgv Bmjvg nvUnvRvix‡Z cÖv_wgK, gva¨wgK mnKvix gnvcwiPvjK I wk¶v wefvMxq
gydZx byi †nvmvBb Kv‡mgx, hvÎvevox I D”P gva¨wgK ch©v‡qi cov-†jLv cwiPvj‡Ki `vwqZ¡ cvjb K‡ib|
gv`ivmvi gnvcwiPvjK Avj−vgv gydZx mgvß K‡ib| AZci wek¦bw›`Z `xbx cvkvcvwk nv`x‡mi m‡e©v”P wKZve mnxn
wk¶vcÖwZôvb `vi“j Djyg †`Ie‡›` Avj-eyLvix kix‡di cvV`vb K‡ib| G
gvngy`yj nvmvb, mv‡eK gš¿x gydZx
D”PZi ¯—‡i K…wZ‡Z¡i mv‡_ cov-†jLv mgq wZwb †`ke¨vcx 100 m`m¨ wewkó
Iqv°vm, Bmjvgx HK¨‡Rv‡Ui
K‡i 1950 mv‡j `vIiv nv`xm cvk BdZv †ev‡W©i †Pqvig¨vb wQ‡jb|
†Pqvig¨vb gvIjvbv Ave`yj jwZd K‡ib| `vi“j Djyg †`Ie‡›`i BdZv 1991 mv‡j wZwb ivRavbx XvKvi
†bRvgx, †bRv‡g Bmjvg cvwU©i mfvcwZ wefvM †_‡K wdKvnkv‡¯¿I Mfxi ¸i“Z¡c~Y© ¯’vb emyÜivq M‡o Zz‡jb
A¨vW‡fv‡KU gvIjvbv Ave`yi iwKe, ey¨rcwË AR©bc~eK © gydZx wn‡m‡e BmjvwgK wimvP© †m›Uvi (gviKvhyj
Avj−vgv RybvB` Avj-nvexe, gydZx mb`cÖvß nb| wek¦weL¨vZ GB Bmjvwg wdKwij Bmjvgx evsjv‡`k) bv‡gi
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wW‡m¤^iÕ15 29
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ZLb GKwU fe‡bi wfwËcÖ¯i— ¯’vc‡b
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wZwb K‡Vvifv‡e wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| G ÔnhiZ Avey mvC` Avj-Ly`ix (ivwh.)
cÖm‡½ ivmyjyjøvn (mv.)-Gi K‡qKwU †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ivmyjj y vø n - , # $ % 1 7 ' Y 4T : GX ' +A
nv`xm D×…Z KiwQ, bexhy‡Mi (mv.) e‡j‡Qb, Ôgywg‡bi Bhvi Ô†h e¨w³‡K An¼vi cÖKv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨
Aviemgv‡R An¼vix †jv‡Kiv cwi‡aq (cvqRvgv, jyw½, c¨v›U RvZxq †cvkvK) Szwj‡q Kvco c‡i Avjøvn wKqvg‡Zi
em‡bi wb‡Pi Ask gvwU‡Z MovMwo Lvq cv‡qi †MvQvi A‡a©K ch©šÍ j¤^v n‡e; w`b Avjøvn Zvi w`‡K ing‡Zi `„wó‡Z
Ggb †cvkvK d¨vkb wn‡m‡e e¨envi Z‡e AviI wKQzUv j¤^v n‡q †Mvovjxi ZvKv‡eb bv|Õ GK_vi cwi‡cÖwÿ‡Z
Ki‡Zv| d¨vk‡bi bv‡g GKB ai‡bi Dc‡i _vK‡jI Amyweav †bB| wKš‘ Gi nhiZ Avey eKi wmwÏK (ivwh.)
AcPq cvMwo, Rvgv cÖf…wZ mewKQz‡Z bx‡P †Mj Zv Rvnvbœv‡gi Av¸‡b ej‡jb, †n Avjøvni ivmyj (mv.)! Avwg
Kiv n‡Zv| Gi D‡Ïk¨ _vK‡Zv eovB R¡j‡e|Õ GK_v ivmyj wZbevi e‡j‡Qb| An¼vi cÖKv‡ki g‡bvfve †cvlY Kwi
Rvwni Kiv| ivmyjyjøvn (mv.) K‡Vvi AviI e‡j‡Qb, Ô†hme e¨w³ An¼vi bv, Z‡e Avgvi Kvco A‡bK mgq wX‡j
fvlvq Gi wb›`vev` I eviY K‡i‡Qb| cÖKvk Ki‡Z jw¤^Z I Szjv‡bv Kvco n‡q wb‡Pi w`‡K M‡j c‡o! ivmyjyjøvn
: , cwiavb K‡i wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvni (mv.) ej‡jb, ÔZzwg †cvkv‡Ki evnv`yix-
Zv‡`i w`‡K ZvKv‡eb bv|ÕÕ2 †`Lv‡bv An¼vix †jvK‡`i g‡Zv
!" ,#$ % & '( ) :
Dch©³y nv`x‡m K…wÎg AvwfRvZ¨ bI|ÕÕ3
-,*) + cÖKvkK I An¼vixmyjf †cvkvK
ÔnhiZ Ave`yjøvn Be‡b Igi (ivwh.) cwiav‡bi e¨vcv‡i K‡Vvi ûwkqvix nhiZ Avey eKi (ivwh.)-Gi
†_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q, Avjøvni ivmyj (mv.) D”PvwiZ n‡q‡Q| wKqvg‡Zi w`b KwVb †cvkvK m¤úwK©Z nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v
e‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ AnwgKvi cÖKvk Ki‡Z mg‡q Avjøvni ingZ I KiæYv hLb nhiZ Avey eKi wmÏxK (ivwh.) nvjKv-
Kivi Rb¨ jw¤^Z I Szjv‡bv Kvco gvby‡li A‡bK †ewk cÖ‡qvRbxq Ges cvZjv Mo‡bi †jvK wQ‡jb| †h Kvi‡Y
cwiavb K‡i wKqvg‡Zi w`b Avjøvni †kl fimv n‡e ZLb Zviv cig †KvbI †KvbI mgq `ªæZ nvU‡Z wM‡q
Zv‡`i ZvKv‡eb bv|ÕÕ1 AvKvw•ÿZ ing‡Zi `„wó †_‡K ewÂZ Zuvi ci‡b Kvco wb‡Pi w`‡K †b‡g
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 32
a| g©| Ñ| `| k©| b
†h‡Zv; †e‡Lqv‡j KLbI cv‡qi ÔnhiZ Avey ûivqiv (ivwh.) †_‡K cwiavb Ki‡e Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K Rb¨
†Mvovwji wb‡PI bvg‡Zv wKš‘ ciÿ‡Y ewY©Z, GK e¨w³ †Mvovwji wbP Aewa RvbœvZ nvjvj bq; Rvnvbœvg nvivg
wZwb mPwKZ n‡q Kvco DwV‡q wb‡Zb| Kvco Szwj‡q bvgvh cowQj; ivmyj bq|ÕÕ7
GwU nv`x‡m cwi®‹vifv‡e D‡jøL Av‡Q| (mv.) Zv‡K ej‡jb, ÔhvI! cybe©vi Ahy A_©vr †m Rvbœv‡Z hv‡e bv Rvnvbœv‡g
Giƒc †ÿ‡Î †h‡KD ivmy‡ji mZK©evYxi K‡i G‡mv|Õ †jvKwU Avevi Ahy K‡i hv‡e †m wel‡q Avjøvni wKQz hvq Av‡m
AvIZvfz³ bqÑe¨vcviwU LyeB G‡jv| GeviI ivmyj ej‡jb, ÔAvevi bv| we‡klÁ fvl¨KviMY hw`I
mnR‡eva¨| Z‡e GLv‡b jÿ¨Yxq †h, hvI cybivq Ahy K‡i G‡mv|Õ ZLb GK nv`xmwUi bvbvgvwÎK gšÍe¨ag©x e¨vL¨v
mvaviY gvbyl I D¤§‡Zi Ab¨vb¨ e¨w³ ivmyj (mv.)-†K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, w`‡q‡Qb wKš‘ nv`x‡mi g~j¨ e³e¨ †ek
cÖR‡b¥i m‡½ mvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi eo Avcwb Zv‡K AveviI ARy Ki‡Z ejvi
GKwU Zdvr n‡jv, ivmy‡ji mvgvb¨Zg FRy, aviv‡jv I K‡Vvi| Giƒc †jv‡Ki
KviY Kx? ivmyj Reve w`‡jb, Ô†m cwiYwZ m¤ú‡K© Mfxifv‡e wPšÍv-
†KvbI wb‡`©kbvi (¯úó wKsev cv‡qi †Mvovwji wbP ch©šÍ Szwj‡q
Bw½Zc~Y©) e¨Z¨qI Zuviv nvjKvfv‡e fvebvi AwfgyLwU n‡jv Avjøvn Zvi
Kvco c‡i bvgvh cowQj| †h e¨w³ bvgvh Keyj Ki‡eb bv; Zv‡K Rvbœv‡Z
wb‡Zb bv| GiI GKwU wewnZ Ki‡Z †Mvovwji wbP ch©šÍ Kvco Szwj‡q bvgvh
Zuv‡`i g‡a¨ e¨vKzjZv jÿ Kiv †h‡Zv| †`Iqv I Rvnvbœvg †_‡K euvPv‡bvi
Av`vq K‡i Avjøvn Zvi bvgvh Keyj †KvbI iKg cÖwZkÖæwZ I Avk¦vmevYx
wb‡gœ ewY©Z GKwU NUbv Gi Abb¨ K‡ib bv|ÕÕ5
D`vniY| GKevi GK mvnvex †`Šov‡Z Avjøvni cÿ †_‡K †bB| Zvn‡j
†`Šov‡Z nšÍ`šÍ n‡q ivmy‡y ji Kv‡Q we‡klÁ Ijvgv‡q †Kivg nv`xmwUi †jvKwU Rvnvbœvgx!
AvmwQ‡jb| nhiZ Avey eKi (ivwh.) e¨vL¨vq K‡qKwU gZ †ck K‡ib, An¼vi ekZ bv n‡j wK ˆea n‡e? LyeB
Zuv‡K wR‡Ám Ki‡jb, Gfv‡e †`Š‡o 1. ivmyjjy vø n (mv.) Zv‡K wØZxqevi j¾v Avi cwiZv‡ci welq n‡jv, wKQz
†Kv_vq hv‡”Qv? wZwb Reve w`‡jb, Ahyi Ki‡Z ejvi inm¨ n‡jv, G ag©Z‡Ë¡ wkwÿZ e¨w³I Giƒc ¸bv‡n
Avgv‡K Qvo–b! Avwg gybvwdK n‡q mg‡qi g‡a¨ †m †hb wPšÍv Kivi wjß i‡q‡Qb| Zv‡`i `„wó AvKl©Y Kiv
†MwQ| KviY ivmy‡ji mvg‡b _vK‡j my‡hvM cvq Ges Kvco cwiav‡bi n‡jv Zviv ÔAn¼vi cÖKv‡ki D‡Ï‡k¨Õ
Avgvi †h Ae¯’v _v‡K ¯¿x-mšÍvb‡`i AmsMwZi e¨vcv‡i mRvM n‡Z evK¨wU‡K wb‡R‡`i c‡ÿ `wjj wn‡m‡e
Kv‡Q †M‡j †m Ae¯’v Avi _v‡K bv| cv‡i| Dciš‘ wd‡i G‡m cwic~Y© I †ck Ki‡Z cÖqvm Pvjvq| Av‡iKwU
Avi `yÕiKg Ae¯’v †Zv gybvwd‡Ki h_vh_fv‡e †hb bvgvh Av`vq K‡i| †kÖYx i‡q‡Qb hviv wb‡Ri Rxeb‡K
jÿY|4 2. j¤^v K‡i Kvco ( = ) civi Bmjv‡gi Av`‡k© bq; eis Bmjvg‡K
nhiZ Avey eK‡ii Bhvi (cvqRvgv- d‡j †h ¸bvn n‡q †M‡Q ARy Kivi wb‡R‡`i Av`‡j Mo‡Z Pvq Zv‡`i
jyw½ RvZxq cwi‡aq emb) Gi Ae¯’v gva¨‡g Zv gvd n‡q hvIqv| e¨vcv‡i Avd‡mvm nq| Avjøvn Avgv‡`i
wQj Abyiƒc| wZwb KLbI B‡”Q K‡i Dfq †kÖYx‡K G ¸bvn †_‡K weiZ I
†Mvovwji wb‡Pi †b‡g c‡o g‡Zv Bhvi- 3. kvw¯Í wn‡m‡e I mveavb Kivi gy³ _vKvi ZvIwdK `vb Kiæb|
Zne›` cÖf…wZ ci‡Zb bv| GUvB D‡Ï‡k¨ GgbwU Kiv n‡qwQj|
mvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi ag©wPšÍv, Avjøvni 4. nv`x‡m Ôbvgvh Keyj bv nIqvÕ GKwU cÖ‡kœi wb®úwË!
ûKzg gvb¨Zv I ivmy‡ji Av`k© K_vwUi D‡Ï‡k¨ cwic~Yi© ƒ‡c Keyj
bv nIqv| A_©vr GiKg †Mvovwji nv`x‡m ,#\ $ % kãwUi kZ© i‡q‡Q;
Abymi‡Yi bgybv| Zviv wb‡R‡`i
KvRK‡g©i m‡½ ivmy‡ji Av`‡k©i cÖ”Qbœ wbP Aewa Szwj‡q Kvco cwiavbKvix Kv‡RB An¼vi cÖKv‡ki D‡Ïk¨ bv
ˆecwiZ¨‡KI cÖkÖq w`‡Zb bv| Giƒc hw`I di‡hi `vqgy³ n‡e wKš‘ _vK‡j †Mvovwji wb‡P Kvco cwiavb
KvR †_‡KI mh‡Zœ weiZ _vK‡Zb| Avjøvni mš‘wó jvf Ki‡Z cvi‡e Rv‡qh e‡j we‡ewPZ n‡e? Gi Reve
bv| Kv‡RB Szwj‡q Kvco cwiavb n‡jv GwU Avm‡j cÖPwjZ A‡_© ÔkZ©Õ
bvgv‡h Kvco Szwj‡q Kivi Kvi‡Y Ahy †f‡O hvIqv mve¨¯Í bq; eis ZrKvjxb Kv‡di‡`i An¼vi
cwiavb m¤ú‡K© nv`xm nq bv|6 cÖKv‡ki ixwZ I Ae¯’v eySv‡bvi Rb¨
N = $L T) [Z 7 D\ ( @ : ,< V 23 G cÖm‡½ Av‡iKwU nv`xm: evK¨wU D‡jøL Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zvi cÖgvY
41 : ,d0 1T) n‡jv, †nv`vqweqvi mwÜi NUbvq nhiZ
,,]^' _A `VI : I Imgvb Be‡b Avddvb (ivwh.)-†K hLb
e BA #$ % W$c f N = D 3 ) : +
`VI : !&
' ,# ( !& ' ,]^' _A `VaA KzivBk †bZ…e‡M©i Kv‡Q `~Z wn‡m‡e
-, 0 P 5? Dg P f ) †cÖiY Kiv n‡qwQj, ZLb Iiv nhiZ
:D\ ( +A ,# ( !' & ,]^' _A `VaA ,,]^' _A Imgv‡bi Kvco †Mvovwji Dc‡i †`‡L
ÔnhiZ Ave`yjvø n Be‡b gvmD` (ivwh.)
4F' !' & ,]^' _ Q3 W )3 H ) †_‡K ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Avwg Avjøvni e‡jwQj, GUv †Zv †bZvi ˆewkó¨ bq!
Q' ? N = D\ T) V? [Z 7 Q b 8' : +A , ivmyj (mv.)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Zzwg Kvco AviI bvwg‡q `vI| Rev‡e
ÔAn¼viekZ †h e¨w³ bvgv‡h UvLbyi wZwb e‡jwQ‡jb,
-,N = D0 T) D0 ( <$c D + 5 :9 1W (cv‡qi †Mvovwj) wb‡P bvwg‡q Kvco - G' ' G P c < = aFV ,5

wW‡m¤^iÕ15 33
a| g©| Ñ| `| k©| b
ÔGUv KLbI Kiv n‡e bv| KviY Giƒc †Mvovwji wb‡P Kvco cwiavb KivUvB ewntcÖKvk| Kv‡RB Zv m‡Ë¡I Zv‡Z
†cvkvK cwiavb KivB Avgvi wcÖqbexi kixq‡Z wb›`bxq KvR| †KD G‡Z An¼v‡ii B‡”Q bv _vKvi `vwe †mªd
Av`k©|Õ8 An¼vi cÖ`k©‡bi B‡”Q †bB BZ¨vw` `vwe AvZ¥cÖZviYv I kqZv‡bi Kzgš¿Yv| G
D‡jøL¨, †hme nv`x‡m ÔAn¼vi Kiæb ev bv Kiæb| †hme nv`x‡m cÖe‡Üi cy‡iv Av‡jvPbv, gnvbex (mv.)-
cÖ`k©bKvixÕ kãwU i‡q‡Q †mLv‡b Gi ,#\ $ % (An¼vi cÖ`k©‡bi B‡”Q Gi nv`xmmg~n, gynvwÏmM‡Yi e¨vL¨v-
we‡kølY I Bmjvwg AvBbwe`‡`i fvl¨
Øviv gykwiK‡`i An¼v‡ii welqwU e¨³ †cvlYKvix) kãwU i‡q‡Q; Gi D‡Ï‡k¨ †_‡K GUv LyeB ¯úó n‡q wM‡q‡Q
Kiv n‡q‡Q| AwaKš‘ An¼v‡ii kZ© GUv bq †h, hviv An¼vi cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ cv‡qi †Mvovwji wbP ch©šÍ Szwj‡q
D‡jøL †bB Giƒc nv`xmI i‡q‡Q; hvi Giƒc †cvkvK cwiavbKvixi Rb¨ kvw¯Íi †cvkvK cwiavb Kiv Bmjvwg kixq‡Zi
AvIZvq G ai‡bi †cvkvK cwiavbKvix mZK©evZ©v i‡q‡Q Avi hviv An¼vi Av‡jv‡K nvivg ev wbwl×| Giƒc
cÖ‡Z¨‡KB kvwgj n‡q hvq| Kv‡RB cÖ`k©‡bi B‡”Q bv K‡i ci‡e Zv‡`i †cvkvK cwiavbKvix ÔAn¼vi †bBÕ g‡g©
†KvbI Ae¯’v‡ZB †Mvovwji wbP Aewa Rb¨ mZK©Zv †bBÑeis D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv, kZ `vwe Ki‡jI bv|
Szwj‡q †cvkvK cwiavb Kiv ˆea bq| Giƒc †cvkvK †Kej An¼v‡ii Kvi‡YB m~Î: gvwmK `viæj Djyg †`Ie›`,
cÖPwjZ ixwZ-bxwZi m‡½ mvgÄm¨ cwiavb Kiv nq| A_©vr hv‡`i †fZi †m‡Þ¤^i 2014 msL¨v
ivL‡Z wM‡q †Mvovwji wb‡P Kvco AnwgKv‡eva Av‡Q ZvivB †Kej Giƒc 1
cwiavb wK ˆea? †cvkvK c‡i _v‡K| G cÖm‡½ dZûj Avj-eyLvix, Avm-mnxn, `viæ ZIwKb
Avjøvni ivmy‡ji Ggb K‡Vvi evix MÖšK
’ vi Avjøvgv Be‡b nvRi Avj- bvRvZ, eqiæZ, †jebvb (cÖ_g ms¯‹iY:
mveavbevYx D”Pvi‡Yi ci †KvbI AvmKvjvbx (in.) e‡jb, 1422 wn. = 2001 wLª.), L. 5, c„. 6,
Cgvb`vi †jv‡Ki c‡ÿ eo ai‡bi nv`xm: 3665
X (? m n' ' ( oB_T j 'Q3 Bc P? 2
Be‡b wneŸvb, Avm-mnxn, gyAvm&wmmvZzi
†KvbI AcviMZv Qvov KvRwU Kivi
¯úa©v †`Lv‡bvi †KvbI my‡hvM †bB| -#$ /" oB_T m n' wimvjv, eqiæZ, †jebvb (wØZxq ms¯‹iY:
1414 wn. = 1993 wLª.), L. 12, c„.
Avi GKRb `ye©j Cgvb`vi e¨w³I ÔKvco Szjv‡bv n‡j Zv Aek¨B gvwU‡Z 263, nv`xm: 5447
ivmy‡ji Av`‡k©i wecix‡Z cÖPwjZ †nuPov‡e Avi Avi gvwU‡Z Kvc‡oi 3
Avj-eyLvix, Avm-mnxn, L. 7, c„. 141,
ixwZ-‡iIqvR‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z cv‡ib GKwU Ask Gfv‡e †nuPov‡bv GUv †mªd nv`xm: 5784
bv| Avjøvni ivmyj mvivRxeb wb‡R G An¼v‡ii Rb¨ Kiv nq; cwiavb Kivi 4
gymwjg, Avm-mnxn, `viæ BqvnBqvwqZ
KvRwU †_‡K mh‡Zœ weiZ †_‡K‡Qb, B‡”Q _vKv bv _vKv G †ÿ‡Î mgvb|Õ10 Zzivm Avj-Aviex, eqiæZ, †jebvb, L.
mvnvev‡`i‡K eviY K‡i‡Qb| mvnvev‡q A_©vr Kvco AwZwi³ j¤^v n‡j Zv gvwU 4, c„. 2106, nv`xm: 12 (2750)
5
†Kivg †h‡nZz D¤§‡Zi g‡a¨ †kÖô Aewa Szj‡eB| Avi Kvco gvwU‡Z Avey `vD`, Avm-mybvb, Avj-
cÖRb¥| Giƒc Kvco cwiav‡b D‡Ïk¨ †nuPov‡bvUv An¼v‡iiB ewntcÖKvk| gvKZvevZzj Avmwiqv, eqiæZ, †jebvb,
†cvkvK cwiavbKvixi †ZgbwU B‡”Q L. 1, c„. 172, nv`xm: 638
ÔAn¼vi cÖ`k©‡bi B‡”Q †bBÕ Ggb `vwe 6
†gvjøv Avjx Avj-Kvix, wgiKvZzj
†Kej Zuv‡`i Rb¨ †kvfb n‡Zv| _vK ev bv _vK|11 gvdvZxn kiû wgkKvwZj gvmvexn,
myZivs An¼viwenxb Ae¯’vq GUv Rv‡qh gvwU‡Z Kvco †nuPov‡bv Av`‡ZB `viæj wdKi, eqiæZ, †jebvb (1422
n‡j ivmyj mvnvev‡`i Rb¨ GUvi nvivg| Avwjg‡`i GKwU eo As‡ki wn. = 2002 wLª.), L. 2, c„. 634
AbygwZ w`‡Zb! AwfgZ n‡jv, An¼v‡ii B‡”Q †nvK ev 7
Avey `vD`, Avm-mybvb, L. 1, c„. 172,
†Mvovwji wb‡P bvwg‡q †cvkvK civ nq bv †nvK Kvco gvwU‡Z Szwj‡q nv`xm: 637
†Kej An¼vi cÖ`k©‡bi R‡b¨ cwiavbgvÎB nvivg| Zviv An¼vi 8
Be‡b Avey kvqev, Avj-gymvbœvd dxj
nhiZ Rvwei Be‡b Ave`yjøvn (ivwh.) _vKvi †KvbI kZ© gvb‡Z bvivR| eis Avnv`xm Iqvj Avmvi, gvKZvevZzi
†_‡K ewY©Z, Gfv‡e †cvkvK cwiavb Kivi e¨vcv‡i ivkv`, wiqv`, mD`x Avie, L. 7, c„.
ivmy‡ji wb‡lavÁv Agvb¨ Kiv‡KB Zviv 386, nv`xm: 36852
Q' ? ,*B / " ) h' iA , =j ?k' ? GK ai‡bi AnwgKv cÖ`k©b wn‡m‡e
9
Avey `vD`, Avm-mybvb, L. 4, c„. 56,
-,*B / " ` †`‡L‡Qb|12 nv`xm: 4084
X l5 10
kixqZ-Aby‡gvw`Z Ihi ev AcivMZv Be‡b nvRi Avj-AvmKjvbx, dZûj
ivmyjyjøvn (mv.) e‡jb, ÔSzwj‡q Kvco evix kiû mnxn Avj-eyLvix, `viæj
Qvov cv‡qi †Mvovwji wbP Aewa Kvco
cwiavb †_‡K weiZ _v‡Kv KviY GwU Szwj‡q bvgvh co‡j Zv gvKiƒn n‡e| gvÕwidv, eqiæZ, †jebvb (1379 wn. =
An¼vi cÖ`k©‡bi Rb¨ n‡q _v‡K| 1959 wLª.), L. 10, c„. 264
Bgvg Avey nvwbdv (in.) I Bgvg 11
Be‡b nvRi Avj-AvmKjvbx, cÖv¸³, L.
Avjøvn An¼vi cQ›` K‡ib bv|Õ9 kv‡dqx (in.)-Gi g‡Z Kvc‡oi cÖvšÍ 10, c„. 264
e¨vL¨v: mvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi AšÍM©Z cv‡qi †Mvovwji PvB‡Z j¤^v nIqv 12
we¯ÍvwiZ: Be‡b nvRi Avj-AvmKjvbx,
cwiï×Zv c~Y©gvÎvq _vKv m‡Ë¡I bvgv‡hi †fZ‡i-evB‡i me‡ÿ‡ÎB cÖv¸³, L. 10, c„. 264
Zv‡`i‡K cv‡qi †Mvovwji wb‡P Kvco nvivg|13 G gvmAvjvq wek¦bex (mv.)- 13
†gvjøv Avjx Avj-Kvix, wgiKvZzj
ci‡Z eviY K‡i‡Qb| Gi Øviv Gi nv`xm G‡Kev‡i cwi®‹vi †h, Szwj‡q gvdvZxn kiû wgkKvwZj gvmvexn, L.
cwi®‹vifv‡e cÖZxqgvb nq †h, Kvco cwiavb Kiv An¼v‡ii 2, c„. 634

wW‡m¤^iÕ15 34
dv| Zv| I| qv

mgm¨v I mgvavb
dZIqv wefvM
Avj-Rvwgqv Avj-Bmjvwgqv cwUqv, PÆMÖvg
j‡Â Rygvi bvgvh Av`vq cÖm½ Z‡e hw` B”QvK„Zfv‡e nq, Zvn‡j Rygvi LyZev I bvgvh cÖm½
mgm¨v: Avgiv A‡bK mgq Rygvevi gvKiƒn n‡e| wKš‘ †Kv‡bv cÖ‡qvRb mgm¨v: Avgv‡`i †`‡k mPivPi †`Lv
j‡Â K‡i ewikv‡ji D‡Ï‡k¨ iIqvbv ekZ hw` Giƒc mvjvg †div‡bv nq, hvq †h, Rygv ev C‡`i bvgv‡h LyZev I
nB| Avgv‡`i m‡½ GKB j‡Â GK‡Î Zvn‡j gvKiƒnI n‡e bv| Avi †Kv‡bv bvgvh GKB e¨w³ cwo‡q _v‡Kb|
cÖvq `yB †_‡K AvovB nvRvi †jvK Ae¯’v‡ZB wmR`v‡q mvû w`‡Z n‡e bv| Avgvi cÖkœ n‡jv, GK e¨w³ LyZev c‡o
_v‡K| Avi Avgiv kixqZ Abyhvqx dZIqv‡q AvjgMxix: 1/69; RvInviæb Aci e¨w³ bvgvh cov‡j †Kv‡bv mgm¨v
bvqiv: 1/58; dZIqv‡q wnw›`qv:
gymvwdi| j‡Âi g‡a¨B Avgv‡`i Rygvi 1/71; dZIqv‡q kvgx: 1/490 n‡e wKbv? Avkv Kwi, Rvwb‡q evwaZ
bvgv‡hi mgq cvi n‡q hvq| GLb cÖkœ Ki‡eb|
n‡jv, hvÎvc‡_ j‡Âi wba©vwiZ ¯’v‡b AvZ¥nZ¨vKvixi Rvbvhv cÖm½ gynv¤§` Ave`yj Kixg
Avgiv mevB GK‡Î Rygvi bvgvh mgm¨v: †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` AvZ¥nZ¨v bvivqbMÄ, XvKv
Rvgv‡Z Av`vq Ki‡Z cvie wKbv? K‡i, Zvn‡j Zvi Rvbvhvi bvgvh cov kiqx mgvavb
KziAvb-nv`xm Abyhvqx mgvavb w`‡q hv‡e wKbv? mnxn gymwj‡g Av‡Q, Bgvg mv‡ne LyZev cvV Kivi ci hw`
evwaZ Ki‡eb| , ! " #$ KvD‡K Rygvi bvgvh cov‡bvi Av‡e`b
gynv¤§` Iqvwj Djøvn Lvb K‡ib; Zvn‡j Rygvi bvgvh gvKiƒn
PvUviv, cwUqv +* % & ' ()
wenxb ï× n‡e| C‡`i bvgvhI
kiqx mgvavb D×…Z nv`xm Øviv †evSv hvq †h, Zv‡`i Abyiƒc| Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv cÖKvi Amyweav
nvbvdx gvhnve g‡Z Rvnv‡Ri g‡a¨ Rvbvhvi bvgvh cov hv‡e bv| Gi mwVK n‡e bv| Aek¨ Giƒc bvgvh cov‡bv
Rygvi bvgvh cov bv Rv‡qh| †Kbbv mgvavb Kx? we¯ÍvwiZ Rvbv‡j K…ZÁ AbywPZ| myZivs whwb LyZev cvV
Rygvi bvgvh mnxn nIqvi mg¯Í kZ©vewj _vKe| Ki‡eb, wZwbB bvgvh cov‡bv DËg|
GLv‡b we`¨gvb †bB| weavq cÖkvœ ‡jv‡K Ave`yjvø n Avi wZwb AMÖvwaKvixI e‡U|
†gv‡gbkvnx
j‡Âi g‡a¨ Avcbviv GK‡Î Rygvi dZIqv‡q kvgx: 1/608; dZIqv‡q `viæj
bvgvh cov ï× n‡e bv| eis Rvnv‡h kiqx mgvavb Djyg: 5/71; dZIqv‡q `viæj Djyg: 5/184
Rygvi cwie‡Z© hyn‡ii bvgvh co‡Z AvZ¥nZ¨vKvix‡`i DciI Ab¨vb¨ g„Z
n‡e| e¨w³i b¨vq Rvbvhvi bvgvh cov di‡h gnvgvb‡ei b~i cÖm½
`yi&iæj gyLZvi: 1/536; dZIqv‡q gyhvwniæj †Kdvqv| Z‡e mgv‡Ri MY¨gvb¨ †jvK mgm¨v: Avgv‡`i gwiP¨v GjvKvq ûhyi
Djyg: 1/118; dZIqv‡q Kvhx Luv: 1/83 we‡kl K‡i, †bZ…Z¡ ¯’vbxq Ijvgv- (mv.) b~i Avi gvwUi ˆZwi nIqv wb‡q
gvkv‡qLMY Zvi bvgv‡h Rvbvhvq ØÜ Pj‡Q| Avkv Kwi, Avw`jøv‡q
Bgv‡gi c~‡e© mvjvg †div‡bv cÖm½ AskMÖnY bv KivB DËg| Aek¨ AvievAvi Av‡jv‡K me©Rb M„nxZ
mgm¨v: †Kv‡bv e¨w³ hw` †kl ˆeV‡K mgv‡Ri mvaviY gvbyl Zvi KvR wm×všÍ Rvwb‡q DcK…Z Ki‡eb|
Bgvg mv‡n‡ei c~‡e© mvjvg wdwi‡q m¤úv`b K‡i †b‡e| Avi cÖ‡kœ D×…Z gvIjvbv Ave`yjøvn
†d‡j; Zvn‡j Zvi bvgvh mwVK n‡e nv`x‡mi e¨vL¨v nj, ûhyi (mv.) D³ gwiP¨v, DwLqv, K·evRvi
wKbv? bvwK wmR`v‡q mvû w`‡Z n‡e? AvZ¥nZ¨vKvixi bvgvh wb‡R c‡obwb kiqx mgvavb
`jxjmn Rvbv‡j Lywk ne| e‡U; wKš‘ mvnvev‡q †Kivg‡K c‡o Avm‡j Avgv‡`i wcÖq bex (mv.) b~i I
gyeviK Djøvn wgR©vcyix †bIqvi wbwg‡Ë Av‡`k K‡iwQ‡jb| eki nIqv wb‡q †Kv‡bv we‡iva †bB|
wgR©vcyi, nweMÄ myZivs GL‡bv G iKg AvZ¥nZ¨vKvix‡K
KviY, wZwb (mv.) gvbeRvwZi Rb¨
kiqx mgvavb Rvbvhvi bvgv‡hi gva¨‡g `vdb Ki‡Z m‡e©vrK…ó Av`k© I †n`vqv‡Zi D¾¡j
AvZ-ZvwnqvZz covi ci gyKZv`x hw` n‡e| Ab¨_vq di‡h †Kdvqv j•Nb gkvj wn‡m‡e b~i| Ges esk, †MvÎ,
Bgv‡gi c~‡e© Awb”QvK…Zfv‡e mvjvg Kivi ¸bvn n‡e|
`yiiæj gyLZvi: 1/643; dZIqv‡q kvgx: Rb¥ I †e‡oDVv cÖfw… Z w`K w`‡q eki
wdwi‡q †d‡j; Zvn‡j bvgvh ï× n‡q 1/643; dZIqv‡q Kvhx Luv: 1/89; dZIqv‡q (gvbe)| wKš‘ mvaviY gvby‡li gZ bq|
hv‡e| we‡kl †Kv‡bv Amyweav n‡e bv| AvjgMxix: 1/160 eis me©‡miv gvbe| gnvbex (mv.) eki
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 35
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nIqv m¤ú‡K© cweÎ KziAvb I nv`x‡m kiqx mgvavb LyZevi mgq jvwV †bIqv cÖm½
¯úó D‡jøL i‡q‡Q| myZivs hviv Bmjv‡gi `„wó‡Kv‡Y K‡_vcK_‡bi c~‡e© mgm¨v: Avgv‡`i †`‡k †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv
gnvbex (mv.)-Gi gvbe nIqv‡K mvjvg Kiv gvmb~b| Gi Øviv †evSv gmwR‡` we‡klZ kni GjvKvq Rygvi
A¯^xKvi Ki‡e, Zviv cÖKv‡k¨ KziAvb hvq, K_v-evZ©vi c‡i mvjvg Ki‡j LyZev covi mgq LwZe mv‡ne GKwU
I nvw`‡mi we‡ivwaZvKvix wn‡m‡e MY¨ gvmb~‡bi AšÍf³ ~© n‡e bv| Z‡e LyZev jvwV wb‡q _v‡Kb| GLb cÖkœ nj, D³
n‡e| Avi Gwelq wb‡q evovevwo bv I `iƒ‡`i ci †kÖvZv‡`i m‡¤^va‡bi jvwV †bIqvi e¨vcv‡i kixq‡Zi weavb
Kiv DwPr| c~‡e©; Zv mybvœ Z ZixKv e‡j MY¨ n‡e| Kx? Ges Gi cÖPjb KLb †Kv_v †_‡K
myiv ebx BmivBj: 93; myiv nvgxg mvR`v: KviY G c×wZ‡ZI mvjvg K_v-evZ©vi n‡q‡Q? we¯ÍvwiZ Rev‡ei Avkv Kwi|
6; mnxn Avj-eyLvix: 1/322; wgkKvZzj c~‡e© n‡q‡Q Ges A‡bK †kÖvZv †Zv Dgi dviæK
gvmvexn: 1/28; wKdvqvZzj gydZx:
2/395; Avnmvbyj dZvIqv: 1/55
LyZevi ciI Dcw¯’Z nq| †ZwjbMi, AóMÖvg, we. evwoqv
wgkKvZzj gvmvexn: 399; dZIqv‡q kvgx: kiqx mgvavb
5/265; dZIqv‡q AvjgMxix: 4/201 Rygvi bvgv‡hi c~‡e© LZxe mv‡ne LyZev
weKvk cÖm½ cvV Kv‡j jvwV nv‡Z wb‡q LyZev cvV
mgm¨v: Avwg GKwU †gveBj mvwe©wms cÖPwjZ wbe©vPb cÖm½ Kiv Rv‡qh Av‡Q| †Kbbv nv`xm kix‡d
†m›Uv‡i _vwK| g‡nv`‡qi wbKU Avgvi mgm¨v: (K) Avgv‡`i †`‡k wbe©vP‡bi ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv mgq
AviR nj, weKvk Ges Zvi †jb-‡`‡bi gva¨‡g ivóª cwiPvjbv n‡q _v‡K| wKš‘ ûhyi (mv.) jvwVi Ici fi w`‡q LyZev
e¨vcv‡i kixq‡Zi weavb Kx? GKRb GB c×wZ †Zv g~jZ Aveªvnvg wjsK‡bi cÖ`vb K‡i‡Qb| ZvB jvwV nv‡Z wb‡q
G‡R›U cÖwZ nvRv‡i wba©vwiZ nv‡i MYZš¿ cÖewZ©Z| GLb †`Lv hvq, LyZev cvV Ki‡j †Kv‡bv Amyweav †bB|
†Kv¤úvbx †_‡K †h Kwgkb cvq, Zv wK Avgv‡`i †`‡k cÖPwjZ wbe©vP‡b Z‡e †h‡nZy G e¨vcv‡i wdKvnwe`M‡Yi
Rv‡qh? Rvbv‡j Lywk ne| Bmjvgcš’xivI Bmjvgx kvmb cÖwZôvi g‡a¨ gZ-cv_©K¨ i‡q‡Q; ZvB nv‡Z
gynv¤§` bvwmi DÏxb D‡Ï‡k¨ Ask MÖnY K‡i _v‡Kb| GLb jvwV bv †bIqvB DËg| Avi †KD hw`
†UKbvd, K·evRvi Avgvi cÖkœ n‡jv, Bmjvgcš’x‡`i Rb¨ nv‡Z jvwV †bIqv‡K Riæwi g‡b K‡i
kiqx mgvavb G wbe©vP‡b AskMÖnY Kiv KZUzKz ˆea? Zvi Ici Avgj K‡i; Zvn‡j GwU
Avgv‡`i ZvnKxK g‡Z, weKvk c×wZi kixq‡Zi Av‡jv‡K mgvavb w`‡q evwaZ gvKiƒn e‡j MY¨ n‡e|
gva¨‡g `ªæZ UvKv cvVv‡bvi †h c×wZ Ki‡eb| `yi&iæj gyLZvi: 1/772; Avnmvbyj
Pvjy Av‡Q, Zv kixqZ g‡Z Rv‡qh I (L) Avgv‡`i †`‡k †fvUvi nIqvi Rb¨ dZvIqv: 4/152; wKdvqvZzj gydZx:
‰ea| Zvi g‡a¨ kixqZ cwicš’x †Kv‡bv bvix-cyiæl mK‡ji Rb¨ d‡Uv †Zvjv 3/214; dZIqv‡q `viæj Djyg: 5/65
wKQz †bB Ges Zvi g‡a¨ nvRvi ev jvL Avek¨K| GLb Avgvi cÖkœ nj, †fvUvi
cÖwZ wba©vwiZ nv‡i †h Kwgkb †`qv nq, nIqvi Rb¨ G Qwe †Zvjv Rv‡qh n‡e KziAvb gRx` wb‡P
Zv †`Iqv I †bIqv DfqB Rv‡qh I wKbv? c‡o hvIqvi Kvddviv
ˆea| †Kbbv Bmjvgx kixq‡Zi `„wó‡Z nvwdR Djøvn mgm¨v: hw` KziAvb gRx` Zv‡Ki Dci
D³ Kwgkb, †mB Kv‡Ri cvwikÖwgK bjeywbqv, wd‡ivRcyi †_‡K (¯§iY bv _vKvq) gvwUi g‡a¨
wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e| kiqx mgvavb c‡o hvq; Zvn‡j Zvi Kvddviv Kx?
myiv Avj-Kvmvm: 27; mybv‡b Be‡b (K) wbe©vP‡bi cÖPwjZ c×wZ Bmjvgx m`Kv Ki‡e bvwK †ivhv ivL‡e? wKQz
gvRvn: 176; dvZIqv‡q wnw›`qv: c×wZ bq| Z‡e Bmjvgx kvmbe¨e¯’vi wKQz †jvK e‡j _v‡K †h, hZ`~i †_‡K
4/411; ivÏyj gynZvi: 9/19
gva¨‡g Gi cwieZ©b mvwaZ Kivi c~e© co‡Q †m cwigvY iæwU m`Kv Ki‡Z
ch©šÍ G c×wZi Aax‡b B‡jKkb ev n‡e| GUv KZUzKz mnxn? Gi Avmj
mvjvg cÖm½ wbe©vPb K‡i hvIqv Bmjvgcš’x‡`i Rb¨ mgvavb Kx? Rvbv‡j Lywk ne|
mgm¨v: Avgv‡`i †`‡k e³viv hLb gynv: b~i †nvmvBb
GKvšÍ KZ©e¨|
Iqvh Kivi Rb¨ †÷B‡R D‡Vb, ZLb (L) †fvUvi nIqv cÖ‡Z¨K RbM‡Yi ýxjv, †UKbvd
mvaviYZ mvjvg Kivi `ywU c×wZ bvMwiK AwaKvi| hw` G AwaKvi kiqx mgvavb
cwijwÿZ nq| †Kv‡bv †Kv‡bv e³v AR©‡bi Rb¨ d‡Uv †Zvjvi AvBbMZ KziAvb gRx` †h‡nZz Avjøvn ZvAvjvi
G‡Kev‡i ïiæ‡ZB mvjvg K‡i _v‡Kb| eva¨evaKZv _v‡K; Zvn‡j (hw`I cweÎ Kvjvg Ges gvbe RvwZi (e¨w³
Avi †KD †KD LyZev I `iƒ` covi ci Bmjv‡g Qwe †Zvjv ˆea bq) Rxeb †_‡K wb‡q ivóªxq Rxeb ch©šÍ)
Dcw¯’Z RbZvi D‡Ï‡k¨ mvjvg wewbgq AcviMZvq Gi AbygwZ Av‡Q| d‡Uv wPišÍb wewagvjv| myZivs GwU‡K h_vh_
K‡ib| GLb Avgvi cÖkœ n‡jv, Gi †Zvjvi ARynv‡Z †fvUvwaKvi n‡Z weiZ gh©v`v I m¤§vb Kiv mKj gymjgv‡bi
g‡a¨ †KvbwU kixqZm¤§Z? Rvbv‡j Lywk _vKv hv‡e bv| `xbx `vwqZ¡ I KZ©e¨| Z‡e
ne| Avnmvbyj dZvIqv: 6/22; Awb”QK…Zfv‡e hw` †Kv‡bv iƒc †e-
Gnmvbyj Kixg RvIqvwniæj wdKvn: 2/297; Av`ex n‡q hvq; †hgb, Dci †_‡K
Pid¨vkb, †fvjv Gg`v`yj gydwZBqxb: 999 c‡o hvIqv BZ¨vw`; Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv ¸bvn

wW‡m¤^iÕ15 36
dv| Zv| I| qv
nq bv| Z‡e Awbw`©ó nv‡i wKQy m`Kv n¾ dih bv n‡q _v‡K; Zvn‡j Avcbvi cÖkœ: Avgv‡`i GjvKvq GK e¨w³ GKRb
K‡i †`qv ev Avjøvn Zvqvjvi wbKU Rb¨ H gwnjvi e`wj n¾ Ki‡Z †Kvb gwnjvi mv‡_ whbvq wjß nq| Zvi wKQy w`b
ÿgv †P‡q †bqv DËg| Amyweav †bB| Zvi Øviv D³ gwnjvi ci D³ gwnjvi †g‡qi mv‡_I †m e¨w³
dZvIqv ikxw`qv: 212; dih n¾ Av`vq n‡q hv‡e| whbvq wjß nq| AZtci e¨w³wU †g‡qwU‡K
Bg`v`yj dZvIqv: 4/60 mnxn Avj-eyLvix, 1/201; evniyi we‡q K‡i| GLb cÖkœ nj, gwnjvi mv‡_
ivwqK, 1/257; gvRgvDj Avbnvi, whbvq wjß nIqvi ci Zvi †g‡q‡K we‡q
dih bvgv‡hi ci gybvRvZ cÖm½ 1/156; dvZûj Kv`xi, 1/69 Kiv kixqZm¤§Z nj wK bv? Avi hw`
kixqZm¤§Z bv nq, Z‡e KiYxq Kx?
mgm¨v: dih bvgv‡hi ci Rvbv‡j DcK…Z ne|
mw¤§wjZfv‡e †gvbvRvZ Kiv m¤ú‡K© LZ‡g KziAvb cÖm‡½
mgm¨v: †Kv‡bv wn›`y †`vKvb`vi hw` gynv¤§` Imgvb
kixq‡Zi weavb Kx? Ges dRi g‡nkLvjx, PÆMÖvg
bvgv‡hi ci mw¤§wjZfv‡e m~iv Bqvmxb Ijvgv‡`i wb‡q Bmjvgx Kvq`vq kiqx mgvavb
cov nv`xm Øviv mv‡eZ Av‡Q wKbv? `vIqvZ covq; Z‡e Ijvgv‡`i †mB
`vIqvZ cov Ges `vIqv‡Zi UvKv MÖnY cÖ‡kœ Dwj−wLZ NUbvq D³ gwnjvi mv‡_
Rvbv‡j Lywk ne| whbv Kivi ci Zvi †g‡qi mv‡_I hLb
gvIjvbv byiæj nK Kiv KZUzKz kixqZ m¤§Z? `jxj
Rjw`, euvkLvjx mnKv‡i Rvbv‡j Lywk ne|
whbvq wjß n‡q‡Q, ZLb D³ cyi“‡li
kiqx mgvavb gynv¤§` †nvmvBb Avng` Rb¨ D³ gwnjv I Zvi †g‡q Dfq
dih bvgv‡hi ci mw¤§wjZ gybvRvZ e`iLvjx, PKwiqv nvivg n‡q †M‡Q| Bmjvgx kixqZ g‡Z
Kiv kixqZm¤§Z I gy¯Ívnve| ZvB kiqx mgvavb †Kv‡bv GKRb‡KI Zvi AvK‡`
GKmv‡_ gybvRvZ Kiv n‡j mK‡j †Kv‡bv Agymwjg hw` c~Y¨ ev eiKZ wbKv‡ni g‡a¨ ivL‡Z cvi‡e bv| ivL‡j
wbgœ¯^‡i gybvRvZ Kiv DËg| nu¨v, Bgvg g‡b K‡i gmwR`-gv`&ivmvq †Kv‡bv wKQz whbv wn‡m‡e MY¨ n‡e Ges mviv Rxeb
mv‡ne D‰”Pt¯^‡i gybvRvZ Ki‡j Avi `vb K‡i, Zv †hgb MÖnY Kiv Rv‡qh; whbvi g‡Zv RNb¨ †Mvbv‡n Awfkß
gyKZv`xiv mv‡_ mv‡_ Avgxb ej‡j †Zgwb †m eiKZ g‡b K‡i KziAv‡bi _vK‡e|
Zv‡ZI kixqZ Abyhvqx †Kv‡bv Amyweav LZg cov‡jI Zvi UvKv MÖnY ˆea BÕjvDm mybvb, L. 1, c„. 30 I L. 11, c„. 36;
†bB| †h‡nZz nv`xm kix‡di g‡a¨ n‡e| dZIqv‡q AvjgMxix, L. 4, c„. 100; dZIqv‡q
myiv‡q Bqvmxb cvV Kivi A‡bK Avnmvbyj dZvIqv: 6/439; 8/123; AvjgMxix, L. 1, c„. 274; Avj-evniæi ivwqK
dhxjZ i‡q‡Q| ZvB mg‡eZfv‡e cvV dZvIqv‡q gvngyw`qv: 2/476; kiû Kvbwh` `vKvwqK, L. 3, c„. 105
2/462; dvZIqv‡q KvRx Luv: 4/363
K‡i Gi ci †`vqv Ki‡j †ek DcKvi
cvIqv hvq| Zv‡Z †Kv‡bv Amyweav msKjb: wi`Iqvbyj nK kvgmx
†bB| Aek¨ wbgœ¯^‡i cvV Kiv DËg| 2. welq: we‡q cÖm‡½ Bmjvgx AvBb D”PZi M‡elYv wefvM (1g el©)
Bg`v`yj dZvIqv: 1/565-567;
Avnmvbyj dZvIqv: 3/64-65
Rvwgqvi evwl©K Bmjvgx
e`wj n¾ cÖm‡½
Avgv‡K Avgv‡`i MÖv‡gi GK gwnjv
e`wj n¾ Kivi Rb¨ Av‡e`b K‡i|
gnvm‡¤§j‡bi †NvlYv
wKš‘ Avwg Gi c~‡e© n¾ Kwiwb weavq G
wb‡q Avgv‡`i GjvKvq wKQz †jvK cÖkœ 11 I 12 †deªæqvwiÕ16
DÌvcb K‡i‡Q| Zv‡`i e³e¨ nj, †h
e¨w³ c~‡e© n¾ K‡iwb; Zvi Øviv e`wj e„n¯úwZevi I Rygvevi
n¾ Kiv hvq bv| GLb Avwg Kx Ki‡Z
cvwi? Rvbv‡j K…ZÁ _vKe| c~e© †NvlYv Abyhvqx AvMvgx 11 I 12 †deªæqvwi 2016
mv‡`K †nvmvBb (e„n¯úwZevi I Rygvevi) Avj-Rvwgqv Avj-Bmjvwgqv
Qbyqv, euvkLvjx
kiqx mgvavb cwUqvi evwl©K AvšÍR©vwZK Bmjvgx gnvm‡¤§jb AbywôZ n‡e
¯§iY ivL‡Z n‡e †h, Bgvg Avey nvwbdv BbkvAvjøvn| AZGe D³ Zvwi‡L Bmjvwg m‡¤§jb, `xbx
I cÖvq mKj †dvKvnv‡q †Kiv‡gi g‡Z gv`ivmvmg~‡ni Rjmv I Iqvh gvnwdj ev Abyiƒc †Kv‡bv
†h e¨w³ wb‡R n¾ K‡iwb Ges Zvi
Dci n¾ dihI nqwb| GiKg e¨w³ Kg©m~wPi ZvwiL wba©viY bv Kivi Rb¨ mswkøó KZ©„cÿmg~‡ni
e`wj n¾ Ki‡Z †Kvb Amyweav †bB| wbKU we‡klfv‡e Aby‡iva Rvbv‡bv hv‡”Q|
weï× nv`xm Øviv Zv cÖgvwYZ| myZivs —Avj-Rvwgqv KZ©„cÿ
cÖ‡kœ DwjøwLZ NUbvq Avcbvi Dci hw`
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 37
Av| šÍ| R©v| wZ| K

†ivwn½v gymwjg‡`i
Ici MYnZ¨v
cÖgvwYZ mZ¨
wgqvbgvi miKvi †h †ivwn½v Rb‡Mvôxi RvwRiv G wel‡q wgqvbgvi †cÖwm‡W‡›Ui †cÖwm‡W›U w_‡qb †mBb Ges Ab¨vb¨
Ici cwiKwíZ MYnZ¨v Pvwj‡qwQj Zvi Kvh©vjq Ges gyLcv·`i gšÍe¨ Kivi gš¿x‡`i Ici Z`šÍ Kivi AvnŸvb
Ô†Rviv‡jv cÖgvYÕ Lyu‡R †c‡q‡Q Avj- Aby‡iva Rvbv‡jI Zviv G‡Z ivwR Rvwb‡qwQ‡jb|
RvwRivi Z`šÍ `j| B‡qj nbwb|
BDwbfvwm©wUi j ¯‹z‡ji GK cÖwZ‡e`‡bi N„YvB hvi g~j DcRxe¨
Ici wfwË K‡iB Zviv G wm×v‡šÍ MYnZ¨v G‡RÛv GwU cÖgvwYZ †h, MYnZ¨v G‡RÛv ev¯—
†cuŠ‡Q‡Q| †mvgevi Exclusive: wgqvbgvi miKvi †ivwn½v‡`i wei“‡× evq‡bi Rb¨ gymwjg we‡Ølx `v½v
Strong evidence of genocide in cwiKwíZfv‡e MYnZ¨v Pvwj‡qwQj| Qov‡Z KjKvwV †b‡owQj wgqvbgvi
Myanmar wk‡ivbv‡g cÖKvwkZ GK jÛb wek¦we`¨vj‡qi Aa¨vcK Ges miKvi| GB Z‡_¨i Ici GK mvgwiK
cÖwZ‡e`‡b GB `vwe K‡i‡Q Avj- AvšÍRv© wZK B›Uvib¨vkbvj †÷U µvBg Kg©KZ©vi KZ©K… cÖ¯Z‘ K…Z bw_ msMÖn
RvwRiv| Bwbwk‡qwUf (AvBGmwmGj) ms¯’vi Ki‡Z m¶g n‡q‡Q Avj RvwRiv| G‡Z
IB wek¦we`¨vj‡qi j‡qb‡÷Bb wK¬wbK cwiPvjK †cwb wMÖb e‡jb, ÔBDGmwWwc †`Lv hvq, gymwjg‡`i wgqvbgv‡ii
wgqvbgv‡ii Ici `xN© AvU gvm a‡i `‡ji †bZv Ges †cÖwm‡W›U w_‡qb Rb‡Mvôxi Rb¨ wec¾bK D‡j−L K‡i
M‡elYv Pvjv‡bvi ci IB wm×v‡šÍ †mBb wb‡R †ivwn½v‡`i wei“‡× N„Y¨ bvbv ai‡bi N„Y¨ e³e¨ D‡j−L Kiv
DcbxZ nq| GK wee„wZ‡Z IB wK¬wbK e³e¨ †i‡L‡Qb hv‡Z wgqvbgv‡ii n‡q‡Q|
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wW‡m¤^iÕ15 38
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IRb Kgv‡Z Pvb? 6wU civgk© †g‡b Pjyb

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wW‡m¤^iÕ15 39
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wW‡m¤^iÕ15 40
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cwUqv, PÆMÖvgÑ4370
• wba©vwiZ m`m¨ KzcbwU †K‡U h_vh_fv‡e c~iY K‡i
169. gynv¤§` ZvReyj nvmvb, gv`ivmv Aviweqv m‡½ Lv‡gi †fZi 25 UvKvi Ae¨eüZ
ZvRex`yj KziAvb gwnDm mybœvn, AvBm d¨vw±wi WvKwU‡KUmn ÔbIj nv‡Zi KjgÕ wefvMxq
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170. gynv¤§` nv‡g`, iæg # 12, `v‡i R`x` (2q MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|
Zjv), Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cwUqv, cwUqv, • m`m¨ wn‡m‡e g‡bvbxZ n‡j m`m¨ b¤^imn Zvi
PÆMÖvgÑ4370 bvg-wVKvb †dviv‡g Qvcv n‡e Ges mswkøó msL¨vwU
Zvi bv‡g WvK‡hv‡M cvwV‡q †`Iqv n‡e|
171. gynv¤§` Beivnxg web gywbi, fvBM¨vi evwo, DËi
Rj`x, fv`vwjqv, euvkLvjx, PÆMÖvgÑ4390 • Av‡e`b di‡g cÖwZôvb ev evwo—ïay †h‡Kv‡bv
GKwU wVKvbv c~Yv© ½fv‡e wjL‡Z n‡e| wVKvbv
172. Kwdj DÏxb wknve, Bmjvgx AvBb I D”PZi cwieZ©b n‡j cieZ©x †jLv cvVv‡bv wKsev
M‡elYv wefvM, Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cwUqv, cwUqv, cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask †bIqvi mgq Zv Rvwb‡q †`‡e|
PÆMÖvgÑ4370 • bIj nv‡Zi Kjg wefv‡M AskMÖn‡Yi Rb¨
173. gynv¤§` gyCbyÏxb, Bmjvgx AvBb I D”PZi †dviv‡gi m`m¨ n‡Z n‡e Ges †h‡Kvb †jLv
M‡elYv wefvM (cÖ_g el©), Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cvVv‡bvi mgq m`m¨ b¤^i Aek¨B D‡jøL Ki‡Z
cwUqv, cwUqv, PÆMÖvgÑ4370 n‡e|
174. gynv¤§` Bgivb, iæg # 306, R`x` gbwhj (3q • †jLv msw¶ß; m‡e©v”P 250 k‡ãi g‡a¨ mxgve×
_vK‡Z n‡e|
Zjv), Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cwUqv, cwUqv,
PÆMÖvgÑ4370 • †jLv cvVv‡bv, †dviv‡gi Av‡e`bcÎ †cÖiY,
cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq AskMÖnYmn hveZxq †hvMv‡hv‡Mi
175. gynv¤§` ˆZqe Avjx, iæg # 13, wZweŸqv feb wVKvbv
(3q Zjv), Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cwUqv, cwUqv,
PÆMÖvgÑ4370 wefvMxq m¤úv`K
gvwmK AvZ&-ZvInx`
176. nv‡dR gynv¤§` kIKZ Imgvb, iæg # 6,
Avj-Rvwgqv gv‡K©U (3q Zjv)
wZweŸqv feb (3q Zjv), Rvwgqv Bmjvwgqv cwUqv,
160, Av›`iwKjøv, PÆMÖvg-4000
cwUqv, PÆMÖvgÑ4370

m`m¨ Kzcb
bvg: ... ... ... .... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... .... ... ... ...
cÖh‡Zœ/cÖwZôvb: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... .... ... ... ... ..
evwo/iæg.... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... .... ... ... ... ..
MÖvg/moK: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... .... .... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ...... ... ... ... ... .... ... ... ...
WvKNi: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... †cv÷ †KvW: ... ... .... _vbv: ... ... ... ... ... ... †Rjv: ... ... ... ... ...
†gvevBj: ... ... ... ... ... ... ... ... m`m¨ µwgK: ... ... ... [Awdm KZ©„K c~iYx]
... ... ... ... ...
mv¶i

wW‡m¤^iÕ15 46
 1. `yÕwU As‡k †hŠ_fv‡e mwVK DËi`vZv‡`i cÖ_g wZbR‡bi
cÖwZ‡hvwMZv b‡f¤^iÕ15 Rb¨ i‡q‡Q AvKl©Yxq cyi¯‹vi:
cÖ_g cyi¯‹vi: $ 90-100 g~j¨gv‡bi gnvg~j¨evb eB I
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fvi‡Zi m‡½ GKwU Pzw³ ¯^v¶i K‡i? 1995 †dviv‡gi m`m¨ nIqv Avek¨K|
mv‡j 1996 mv‡j 1997 mv‡j 4. cyi¯‹v‡ii g‡a¨ GKwU AskMÖnY mv‡c‡ÿ †g‡q
5. DBwKwcwWqvq KZwU fvlvq Z_¨ ms‡hvRb Kiv cÖwZ‡hvMx‡`i Rb¨ msiwÿZ|
hvq? 285wU 385wU 185wU 5. PjwZ gv‡mi 18 ZvwiL cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Wª n‡e| ZvB 18
Zvwi‡Li c~‡e© cÖvß DËicÎB †Kej cÖwZ‡hvwMZvi Rb¨
6. nhiZ D¤§y Dgviv (ivwh.) †Kvb hy‡× †hvM †`b? MÖnY‡hvM¨|
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kZvsk ÔcÖwZ‡hvwMZvÕ
k‡ãi gvic¨vP gvwmK AvZ&-ZvInx`
wb‡Pi kãhyMjmg~‡ni ï× evbv‡bi kãwU e‡· wjLyb Avj-Rvwgqv gv‡K©U (3q Zjv), 160, Av›`iwKjøv
1. AvKv•¶v/AvKvsLv PÆMÖvg-4000, †dvb: 01812Ñ372827
2. aywj/a~wj
3. miwY/¯^iwY A‡±veiÕ15-Gi weRqx
4. cÖPÛ/cÖPÊ
1. Avgi wmÏxK [m`m¨ # 13]
cÖwZ‡hvMxi bvg: 2. gynv¤§` d‡qR Avj-ûmvBb [m`m¨ # 138]
m`m¨ µwgK: 3. BKevj AvRxR [m`m¨ # 120]
G QvovI Igi dviæK [107], dqmvj gvngy` ivbv [149],
A‡±veiÕ15 msL¨vi mgvavb gynv¤§` mvbvDjøvn [152], gynv¤§` Avj-Avgxb kixqZcyix
K_vq K_vq DËi: 1. iƒn, 2. 70wU, 3. 8wU, 4. 712 mv‡j, [158], gynv¤§` †mwjg [162], gynv¤§` nvwg` [165], gynv¤§`
5. nvbvdx, 6. fvi‡Z, 7. 1980 mv‡j| byiæjøvn [166] I gynv¤§` †bvgvb [167] cÖgyL m`m¨eM©
k‡ãi gvic¨vP: 1. Aemv`, 2. Dch©y³, 3. Aš—f³ y© , 4. cÖwZ‡hvwMZvq Ask wb‡qQ Ges mK‡jiB DËicÎ mwVK
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MY¨ Kiv n‡e| †dvb: 2863784, 01819-175722, 01191-393569

b‡f¤^iÕ15 47
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ivn&gvwZjøvnÕ A_©vr Ô†Zvgiv Avjøvni ingZ †_‡K wbivk n‡qv bv|Õ [myiv Avh-hygvi 39:53] hviv
K¨vÝv‡i fzM‡Qb Zv‡`i cÖwZ Avgvi Aby‡iva GKwUevi G‡m mi`vi †nvwgI n‡ji Ila †meb
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cÖexY Wv. Gg Gg mi`v‡ii mv‡_ Zuvi my‡hvM¨ cyÎ Wv. gvngy`yj nvmvb mi`vi (we. GBP. Gg.
Gm., XvKv) e‡jb, ÔGKRb K¨vÝvi †ivMxi Kvi‡Y GKwU cwievi aŸsm n‡q †h‡Z cv‡i|
AZGe K¨vÝvi †ivMx‡`i euvPv‡Z mevB GwM‡q Avmyb Ges AvRB mye¨e¯’v wbb I †hvMv‡hvM
Kiæb|Õ
I‡qf : www.cancerbd.org
†dmeyK : www.facebook.com/cancercuring
B-†gBj : [email protected]

Wv. Gg Gg mi`v‡ii wbKU Avmvi Rb¨ †gvevB‡j

†hvMv‡hvM: 01737-379534, 01747-505955
wW‡m¤^iÕ15 48