Oracle Database Overview

Mostafa Emam
Principal Solutions Engineer
Agenda
 Database Fundamentals
 Backup and Recovery concepts
 Containers and Micro-services
 Multitenant Overview
 Migration and Upgrade concepts
 Exadata overview
 PCA and ZDLRA
 DB Management and Automation

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Safe harbor statement

The following is intended to outline our general product direction. It is intended for information
purposes only, and may not be incorporated into any contract. It is not a commitment to deliver
any material, code, or functionality, and should not be relied upon in making purchasing
decisions.

The development, release, timing, and pricing of any features or functionality described for
Oracle’s products may change and remains at the sole discretion of Oracle Corporation.

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Oracle Database Fundamentals
Overview
Oracle Database
The Oracle relational database management system (RDBMS)
provides an open, comprehensive, integrated approach to
information management
Connecting to a Server

Client Middle tier Server

Multitier architecture shown

 Oracle Database Server Architecture:
Overview

Instance
PGA
Server
process Memory Structures
(System Global Area)

Server
Process Structures

User
process

Database (Storage Structures)

Client
 Instance: Database Configurations

Nonclustered System Clustered System

I1
I1 I2 I3
I2

D1

D2

Local Storage D

Shared Storage
Connecting to the Database Instance
• Connection: Communication between a user process and an instance

• Session: Specific connection of a user to an instance through a user process

User Server
SQL> Select … process process
User
Session

Connection

Session
 Oracle Database Memory Structures
Program Global Area (PGA) PGA
Stack User Stack User
Space Global Space Global
Area Area
Server Server
process 1 process 2

KEEP
Database buffer pool
Redo log
Shared pool buffer
buffer
cache RECYCLE
buffer pool

Java pool Streams nK buffer

Large pool pool cache

System Global Area (SGA)

 Shared Pool

• Is a portion of the SGA

• Contains: Shared Data dictionary
cache
– Library cache SQL area

— Shared SQL area

Fixed Area
– Data dictionary cache
– Control structures Library Other
cache KEEP
Database buffer pool
Redo log
Shared pool buffer
buffer
cache RECYCLE
buffer pool

Java pool Streams nK buffer

Large pool pool cache

System Global Area (SGA)

 Program Global Area (PGA)

PGA Cursor Sort Hash

Area Area
State
Stack User
Create Bitmap Area
Space Global User Session
Area Data Bitmap Merge Area
Server
process 1
SQL
Working Areas

KEEP
Database buffer pool
Redo log
Shared pool buffer
buffer
cache RECYCLE
buffer pool

Java pool Streams nK buffer

Large pool pool cache

System Global Area (SGA)

 Process Architecture

• User process
– Is the application or tool that connects to the Oracle database
• Database processes
– Server process: Connects to the Oracle instance and is started
when a user establishes a session
– Background processes: Are started when an Oracle instance is
started
• Daemon / Application processes
– Networking listeners
– Grid infrastructure daemons
 Process Structures

Instances (ASM and Database separate)

System Global Area (SGA)

PGA
Server Background processes
process
Required: DBWn CKPT LGWR SMON PMON RECO

Optional: ARCn ASMB RBAL Others

Listener

Grid Infrastructure Processes

(ASM and Oracle Restart)
User ohas ocssd diskmon
process

orarootagent oraagent cssdagent

 Process Startup Sequence

• Oracle Grid Infrastructure is started by the OS init daemon.

Operating System Grid Infrastructure Grid Infrastructure

Init Daemon Wrapper Script Daemons and Processes
init ohasd.bin
init.ohasd oraagent.bin ASM Instance
(root) Listener
orarootagent.bin
DB Instance
diskmon.bin User Defined
cssdagent Applications
ocssd.bin

• Oracle Grid Infrastructure installation modifies the /etc/inittab file to ensure

startup every time machine is started in corresponding run level.

# cat /etc/inittab
..
h1:35:respawn:/etc/init.d/init.ohasd run >/dev/null 2>&1 </dev/null
 Database Storage Architecture

Control files Data files Online redo log files

Parameter file Backup files Archived redo log

files

Password file Alert log and trace files

Logical and Physical Database Structures

Logical Physical

Database

Tablespace Data file

Segment
Storage System
• SAN • NFS
Extent
• NAS • ASM
• Exadata • RAW
Oracle data
block • File System
 SYSTEM and SYSAUX Tablespaces

• The SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces are mandatory

tablespaces that are created at the time of database
creation. They must be online.

• The SYSTEM tablespace is used for core functionality (for

example, data dictionary tables).

• The auxiliary SYSAUX tablespace is used for additional

database components (such as the Enterprise Manager
Repository).

• The SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces are not

recommended to be used to store application's data.
 Automatic Storage Management

• Is a portable and high-performance

cluster file system Application
Oracle
Database
• Manages Oracle database files
• Manages application files with
ASM Cluster File System (ACFS) ASM Cluster
• Spreads data across disks File
System
ASM Files
to balance load for Oracle
Database
• Mirrors data in case of failures ASM Dynamic
Volume
• Solves storage-management Manager
challenges Automatic Storage Management

Operating system
 ASM Storage Components

ASM

Oracle
ASM
Database ASM file
disk group
datafile

ASM
extent

File system
or ASM allocation
Raw device ASM disk
unit
Break for 10 Mins…
Simplified Initialization Parameters

Basic Advanced

CONTROL_FILES DB_CACHE_SIZE
DB_BLOCK_SIZE DB_FILE_MULTIBLOCK
PROCESSES _READ_COUNT
UNDO_TABLESPACE SHARED_POOL_SIZE
… …
Initialization Parameters: Examples

Stack User Stack User

Space Global Space Global
Area Area

PGA PGA

KEEP
Database buffer pool
Redo log
Shared pool buffer
buffer
cache RECYCLE
buffer pool

Java pool Streams nK buffer

Large pool pool cache

System Global Area (SGA)

SGA_TARGET (Total size of all SGA components)

MEMORY_TARGET (Total size of system-wide usable memory)
 Changing Initialization Parameter Values

• Static parameters:
– Can be changed only in the parameter file
– Require restarting the instance before taking effect
– Account for about 110 parameters
• Dynamic parameters:
– Can be changed while database is online
– Can be altered at:
— Session level
— System level
– Are valid for duration of session or based on SCOPE setting
– Are changed by using ALTER SESSION and ALTER SYSTEM
commands
– Account for about 234 parameters
Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance

2
1

5
4
Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:
NOMOUNT

OPEN
STARTUP

MOUNT

NOMOUNT

Instance
started
SHUTDOWN
Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:
MOUNT

OPEN
STARTUP

MOUNT

Control file
opened for this
NOMOUNT instance

Instance
started
SHUTDOWN
Starting Up an Oracle Database Instance:
OPEN

OPEN
STARTUP All files opened as
described by the control
MOUNT file for this instance

Control file
opened for this
NOMOUNT instance

Instance
started
SHUTDOWN
 Startup Options: Examples
• Using the sqlplus utility:
SQL> startup 1

SQL> startup nomount 2

SQL> alter database mount; 3

SQL> alter database open; 4

• Using the srvctl utility with Oracle Restart

$ srvctl start database –d orcl –o mount
 Shutting Down
an Oracle Database Instance

4
 Shutdown Modes

Shutdown Modes A I T N

Allows new connections No No No No

Waits until current sessions end No No No Yes

Waits until current transactions end No No Yes Yes

Forces a checkpoint and closes files No Yes Yes Yes

Shutdown modes:
• A = ABORT
• I = IMMEDIATE
• T = TRANSACTIONAL
• N = NORMAL
 Shutdown Options

On the way down: During: On the way up:

• Uncommitted • No instance
changes rolled SHUTDOWN recovery
NORMAL
back, for or
IMMEDIATE SHUTDOWN
• Database buffer TRANSACTIONAL
cache written to or
SHUTDOWN
data files
IMMEDIATE
• Resources
released

Consistent database
 Shutdown Options

On the way down: During: On the way up:

• Modified buffers • Online redo
SHUTDOWN ABORT
not written to log files used
or
data files Instance failure
to reapply
• Uncommitted or changes
changes not STARTUP FORCE • Undo
rolled back segments
used to roll
back
uncommitted
changes
• Resources
released
Inconsistent database
 Shutdown Options: Examples

• Using SQL*Plus:
SQL> shutdown 1

SQL> shutdown transactional 2

SQL> shutdown immediate 3

SQL> shutdown abort 4

• Using the SRVCTL utility with Oracle Restart

$ srvctl stop database –d orcl –o abort
 Data Dictionary Views

Who Can Contents Subset of Notes

Query
DBA_ DBA Everything N/A May have additional
columns meant for DBA
use only

ALL_ Everyone Everything DBA_ views Includes user’s own

that the user objects and other objects
has privileges the user has been granted
to see privileges to see

USER_ Everyone Everything ALL_ views Is usually the same as

that the user ALL_ except for the
owns missing OWNER column
(Some views have
abbreviated names as
PUBLIC synonyms.)
 Data Dictionary: Usage Examples

SELECT table_name, tablespace_name

1
FROM user_tables;

SELECT sequence_name, min_value, max_value,

2 increment_by
FROM all_sequences
WHERE sequence_owner IN ('MDSYS','XDB');

SELECT USERNAME, ACCOUNT_STATUS

3 FROM dba_users
WHERE ACCOUNT_STATUS = 'OPEN';

4 DESCRIBE dba_indexes
Interaction Between Database Instances
and ASM
ASM Instance
System Global Area
Database Instance Create File

System Global Area 1 Shared Large ASM

3 Pool Pool Cache

Shared Large Buffer Extent Map

Pool Pool Cache
Processes
GMON
Processes Commit RBAL PZ9n
ARBn
SMON 5 6 MARK
Onnn
Other
PMON CKPT
DBWR Close
LGWR Other
Snnn 2

4
Initialize Allocation
ASM Storage
Oracle Database Backup and Recovery
Overview
 Backup Solutions: Overview

Backups can be performed by using:

• Recovery Manager
• Oracle Secure Backup
• User-managed backup

Target
Data files database Image copies

Backup pieces
Archive
log files
Redundant Backup data
archive log
files Fast recovery area
 Terminology

• Backup strategy may include:

Entire database (whole)
Portion of the database (partial)
• Backup type may indicate inclusion of:
All data blocks within your chosen files (full)
Only information that has changed since a previous backup (incremental)
Cumulative (changes since last level 0)
Differential (changes since last incremental)
• Backup mode may be:
Offline (consistent, cold)
Online (inconsistent, hot)
Control Online
files redo log
Data files Database files
 Opening a Database

To open a database:
• All control files must be present and synchronized
• All online data files must be present and synchronized
• At least one member of each redo log group must be present

OPEN
STARTUP
MOUNT

NOMOUNT

SHUTDOWN
 Keeping a Database Open

After the database is open, it fails in the case of the loss of:
• Any control file
• A data file belonging to the system or undo tablespaces
• An entire redo log group
(As long as at least one member of the group is available, the instance remains
open.)
Database Containers and Microservices
Overview
The Enterprise Application World Is Changing - “Cloud Native”

Cloud Native != Running Application in Cloud

Cloud Native Container Open Source DevOps

Release Build

DevOps
Deployments That Run Tool Chains Cycle

Anywhere Test Deploy

Microservices and “Polyglot” Applications

“Serverless” Applications That Use Multiple
Micro
service 1

Busines

Languages
s
Domain

Micro
service
2

45
What is “Containers”?

• Platform independence:
Build it once, run it anywhere
• Resource efficiency and
density
• Speed: Start, create, replicate
or destroy containers in
seconds
• Immense and smooth
scaling
• Improved developer
productivity and
development pipeline

46
Pluggable Databases Simplify Microservice Architectures
Oracle makes it simple for each Microservice to store its data in a logically
separate Data Container called a Pluggable Database
Pluggable Databases can easily be physically combined to simplify
deployment, or separated to improve isolation and scalability

Microservice
App Containers
on Kubernetes

Pluggable
Databases

Physical Database Physical Database

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Oracle Multitenant
Overview
Multitenant Architecture
Isolation and agility with economies of scale

AP
Self-contained PDB for each application
GL OE • Applications run unchanged
• Rapid provisioning (via clones)
• Portability (via pluggability)

Common operations performed at CDB

level
• Manage many as one
(upgrade, HA, backup)
• Granular control when appropriate
Shared memory and background
Complementary to VMs processes
• More applications per server
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Multitenant Key Benefits

Minimize CapEx • More applications and databases per

server

• Manage many as one (e.g patching,

Minimize OpEx upgrade, backup/restore, HA and DR )
• Standardized procedures & service levels
• Enable self-service provisioning
• Snapshot cloning for development &
Maximize Agility testing
• Portability through “pluggability”
• Scalability with RAC

Easy • To Adopt: Applications run unchanged

• To Use: Interface is SQL
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Best Practice Consolidation Architecture

Multitenant
databases, hosting Exadata Compute Node
Exadata Storage Cell
multiple pluggable
databases
CDB #1

PMEM/Flash

Standalone
(single tenant) CDB #2
Multiple databases,
databases, when sharing Exadata
needed storage
Hard Disks
Database

Best practice and most prevalent consolidation architecture:

Multiple multitenant databases on Exadata!
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Best Practice Consolidation Architecture
Multitenant reduce overall costs

Minimize OpEx
• Manage many databases as one (Less administration)
• One upgrade, one HA solution, one backup, possibly one DR solution (more on this later)
Enable higher consolidation densities
• Share resources: CPU, memory, background processes
Mission Critical Applications/databases may require more isolation
• Non-CDBs is supported up to 19c
• CDBs with single PDB or less PDBs and more headroom for critical databases
And you may need multiple CDBs!
• For multiple Oracle versions, e.g. 18c vs 19c
• For varying Oracle options, e.g. partitioning, RAC, Data Guard
• For different performance, HA & DR, security and consolidation density requirements
• For different planned maintenance window or DR testing requirements
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Resource Management
Consolidation Goals

Noisy neighbors
• One database’s high loads should not disturb the others
• Data warehouses must co-exist with OLTP databases
Fair access to resources
• Databases need configurable, guaranteed access to CPU, memory, I/O, etc.
Options to capitalize on excess or idle resources
• Allow databases to “burst” into unused resources
• Or limit usage for “pay for performance” clouds or to ensure predictable performance
Dynamic resize of database resource allocations
• Change resource allocations without restarts

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Multitenant at a glance

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Break for 15 Mins…
Have a Snack
Database Migration and Upgrade
Overview
 Security

The most important reason

to upgrade and patch
Photo by Jose Fontano on Unsplash
Release Types | Long Term Support vs Innovation Releases

Long Term Support Release

5 years of Premier Support followed by 3 years of Extended Support
Innovation Release
2 years of Premier Support, but there is no Extended Support

Innovation

Long Term Support EXTENDED

Innovation

Long Term Support EXTENDED

Premier Support Paid Extended Support

Recommendation: Production environments should go from LTS to LTS

Lifetime Support Policy
2009

2020

2026
2024

2025
2022

2023

2027
2010

2014

2016

2018

2019
2015

2017
2013

2021
2012
2011
MARKET
Oracle 11.2 Waived EXTENDED EXTENDED DRIVEN

Oracle 12.1 EXTENDED

Oracle 12.2.0.1 LIMITED

Oracle 18
(12.2.0.2)

Oracle 19 EXTENDED
(12.2.0.3)

Oracle 21

Premier Support Waived Extended Support Paid Extended Support Market Driven Support Limited Error Correction
Lifetime Support Policy

Different Support Periods

Premier Support Bug fixing support regardless of severity

Extra cost extension, 10% / 20% extra cost

Paid Extended Support Included in ULA/PULA contracts

Extended support gets waived to everybody

Waived Extended Support having a valid Support contract for the product

Extra cost extension after Extended Support

Market Driven Support Fixes done only for critical and security issues

Extension for Oracle 12.2.0.1 at no extra cost

Limited Error Correction Only applicable for Sev.1 and security issues

Oracle Support assists as long as the customer

Sustaining Support is using the product – but no new fixes will be delivered
Yearly Releases | 3 Number Format
19.10.0

12.2.0.1.0 Year. Update. Revision 19.10.0

Watch on YouTube
Basic Facts | Upgrade vs Migration vs Patching

Database Upgrade Database Migration Database Patching

AutoUpgrade Data Pump, TTS, FTEX opatch

• New binaries • New binaries • New binaries

• Same OS family • Often different OS • Ideally a new home
• Same or new hardware • Often different HW • Same hardware
• Upgrade happens • No upgrade, patching only
implicitly
• Requires always • No downtime only with
downtime • Requires always RAC
• Amount of data downtime • Amount of data
irrelevant • Amount of data very irrelevant
relevant

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Basic Facts | How To Apply A Patch

opatch Applies binaries to an All instances are down

Oracle Home

datapatch Applies SQL and PL/SQL Database is up

changes to a database (normal, not upgrade)

Pro tip: Use opatchauto on

RAC environments
your key to

Successful Database Upgrades

Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4

Download and Download and Download and use Performance Stability
install Oracle 19c install newest RU AutoUpgrade with SPM, STA and RAT
eDelivery.oracle.com MOS Note: 2118136.2 MOS Note: 2485457.1

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Database Upgrade | Supported Releases
Older 19c

11.2.0.4 19c

12.1.0.2 19c

12.2.0.1 19c

18c 19c
Exadata Overview X8M

The best place to run Oracle Database

The Exadata vision
Dramatically better platform for all database workloads

 Ideal Database Hardware – scale-out, database optimized

compute, networking, and storage for fastest performance and
lowest cost
 Smart System Software – specialized algorithms vastly improve all
aspects of database processing: OLTP, analytics, and database
consolidation
 Automated Management – automation and optimization of
configuration, updates, performance, and management culminating
in fully autonomous infrastructure and database

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Oracle Database on
Oracle Exadata
A converged database on a single platform
dramatically reduces complexity and cost

 Optimal support for multiple types of

database workloads
 No data integration complexities
RDBMS Graph Warehouse
 Unified security model
 No specialized management teams
 Consistent availability and scalability
 Protection and rapid recovery for all
database types
JSON XML Time Series

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 The Most Differentiated Platform for Oracle Database
Exadata delivers
60 Exadata-only
unmatched
features
Oracle
forDatabase
Oracle Database
capabilities for
Availability Performance Efficiency
1. Fast Node and Cell Death Detection 1. Active/Active IB Network 1. Exadata Elastic Configuration
2. Fast Network Failure Detection 2. Exadata Smart Write Back, Smart Flash Logging, 2. Cell Alert Summary
3. Redundancy Protection on cellsrv shutdown Smart Scan, and Reverse Offload 3. Flash and Disk Lifecycle Management Alerts
4. Redundancy Protection on Cell shutdown 3. Fastest Redo Apply and Instance Recovery 4. Auto Online
5. Reduced Brownout for Instance Recovery 4. Efficient re-silver rebalance after Flash failure 5. Auto Disk Management
6. ILOM Hang Detection and Repair 5. I/O latency capping for reads and writes 6. Priority Rebalance Support
7. Automatic ASM Mirror Read on IO error corruption 6. Cell IO timeout threshold 7. EM Failure Reporting
8. IO error prevention with Exadata disk 7. Smart Write Back Flash Cache Persistence 8. Failure Monitoring on Database Servers
scrubbing/ASM Corruption repair 8. I/O and network resource management 9. Updating Database nodes with Patchmgr
9.
10.
11.
Availability
Corruption Prevention with HARD support
Elimination of false-positive drive failures
Redundancy Check During Power Down
Security
9. Cell to cell offload for disk repair
10. Cell-to-Cell Rebalance Preserves FlashCache
11. Appliance Mode Support
10.
11.
12.
Performance
Optimized and Faster Exadata Patching
Custom Diagnostic Package for Cell alerts
VLAN support and automation
12. Blue OK-to-remove LED Light notification 13. Exachk – full stack health check with critical issue alerts
13. Health Factor on predictively failed disks 14. Automatic Statistics
14. Disk Confinement 15. Automatic Indexing
15. I/O hang detection and repair Scalability
16. Drop Hard Disk for Replacement 1. Infiniband Cluster Interconnect
17. Drop BBU for Replacement 2. Remote Direct Memory Access on Storage I/O
3. Exadata High Redundancy Storage
Security 4. High Performance I/O – 6.57 million IOPS from
1. Full Stack Patching SQL
2. Minimal Attack Surface 5. Low Latency I/O – 200 microseconds
3. Pre-Scanned & fixed system stack using STIG, 6. In-Memory Data Mirroring
Nessus, and Qualys 7. Hybrid Columnar Compression
4. Advanced Intrusion Detection Environment
(AIDE) –similar to virus scanners
5. SGX Integration in Exadata Storage Cells
Scalability 8. Bloom Filter Joins
9. In-Memory Columnar Tables
10. In-Memory External Tables
Efficiency
11. Memory Optimized Key/Value Data
12. Higher Consolidation Density
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Exadata Smart System Software

Fastest analytics
 Unique Smart Scan automatically offloads data intensive SQL operations to storage
 Unique Smart Flash Cache and Storage Index automatically accelerate database I/O
 Unique automatic conversion of data to fast In-Memory Columnar format in flash

Fastest OLTP
 Fastest OLTP I/O with scale-out storage, RDMA, and NVMe flash
 Fastest scale-out with unique RDMA algorithms for inter-node cluster coordination
 Fully redundant and fastest recovery from failed or sick components

Best consolidation
 Uniquely prioritizes latency sensitive or important workloads through full stack
 Uniquely isolates workloads from multiple tenants through full stack

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Oracle Exadata X8M smart software
Eliminate shared-storage IO bottleneck for more functionality and value

Exadata
DB Servers Smart Scan automatically offloads data-intensive SQL operations to
storage servers
 In-database analytics
 Machine-learning algorithms
NW fabric
offload
Query

 Decryption
 Decompression
 Backup
Parallel execution of OLTP updates
Exadata Oracle Database only licensed on database server CPUs
Smart Storage

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Exadata uniqueness: Memory speed with shared flash

Exadata
DB Servers Architecturally, storage arrays can share flash capacity but not
flash performance due to network bottlenecks
 Even with next gen scale-out, PCIe networks, NVMe over fabric

NW fabric Must move compute to data to achieve full flash potential

 Requires owning full stack; can’t be solved in storage alone

X8M delivers 560 GB/sec flash bandwidth to any server

 Approaches 800 GB/sec aggregate DRAM bandwidth of DB servers

Exadata
Smart Storage

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In-Memory analytics performance in shared storage

In-Memory
Exadata flash throughput approaches DRAM throughput Columnar Scans
 Analytics SQL bottleneck moves from I/O to CPU

Exadata storage automatically transforms table data into

In-Memory DB columnar formats in Exadata Flash Cache
In-Flash
 Enables fast CPU vector processing in storage server queries
Columnar Scans
Uniquely optimizes next generation flash as memory

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Oracle Exadata X8M introduces shared persistent memory
Persistent Memory Data Accelerator speeds access to shared data

Compute Server
Exadata Storage Servers transparently add persistent memory in front
RoCE
of flash memory
RDMA
 World’s first and only shared persistent memory optimized for database
Storage Server
Database uses RDMA instead of I/O to read remote PMEM
 Bypasses network and I/O software, interrupts, context switches
 Frees CPUs to work on Smarc Scan queries
Hot PMEM
 10x better latency and 2.5x higher I/Os per second

Warm PMEM automatically tiered in front of flash and disk

FLASH
 Caching only hottest data increases effective capacity 10X
Cold PMEM RDMA also used to accelerate log writes up to 8x

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Exadata X8M shared storage advantages with PMEM
No application changes required

Compute Server
Shared PMEM performance
RoCE RDMA  Aggregate performance of all PMEM available to all database servers

Storage Server PMEM redundancy

 Automatic mirroring of PMEM across storage servers transparently
protects from PMEM failures
PMEM security
Hot PMEM
 No direct access to PMEM from DB hosts, only databases can access

Warm FLASH Simplest customer-facing PMEM implementation

 No extra management
Cold  Oracle has done all the “heavy lifting”

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 Oracle Exadata X8M scale-out architecture
Performance and capacity scaling with no single point of failure

Exadata
DB Servers Scale-out design based on proven Oracle Database technology
 Database server resources scale by over 140X
 Storage server resources scale by over 160X
NW fabric Runs faster by moving the compute to the data
 Much faster than all-flash arrays; not limited by SAN bandwidth
 Requires owning the full stack; can’t be solved in storage alone
An Exadata X8M rack delivers 560 GB/sec to any server
Exadata High availability based on proven technologies and MAA best practices
Smart Storage

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 Elastically Scale-Out from Eighth-Rack to Multi-Rack

Eighth
Quarter
Elastic
Multi-Rack
• Start with 2 Database Servers and 3 Storage Servers
- Add Database or storage servers as needed
- Use Oracle Exadata Configuration Assistant (OECA) to Create Desired Configuration

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 Two Types of Database Servers

• X8M-2 Machines use x86 2-socket database servers

• Mainstream Exadata platform
• Available in Eighth Rack and Quarter Rack as well many other Elastic Configurations

• X8M-8 Machines use x86 8-socket database servers

• Available in Half Rack and Elastic Configurations
• Higher-end configuration
• Larger SMP nodes
• More memory
• Well suited for high-end OLTP workloads, large scale consolidation of databases, memory
intensive workloads, and multi-rack data warehouses
• All Database Servers use the same storage servers and RDMA Network Fabric

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Three Types of Storage Servers

• X8M-2 Extreme Flash (EF) • X8M-2 High Capacity (HC) • X8M-2 Extended (XT) Storage
Storage Server Storage Server Server
• Industry Leading I/O Performance • More Flash, Higher Performance • Long Term / Archive Storage Solution
• All Flash, Scale-out, Highly Available, • Tiered, Scale-out, Highly Available, RDMA • Tiered, Scale-out, Highly Available,
RDMA Connected Smart Storage Connected Smart Storage RDMA Connected Smart Storage
• 12 x 128 GB Persistent Memory Modules • 12 x 128 GB Persistent Memory Modules • 12 front mounted 14 TB High Capacity
Disks
• 8 x 6.4 TB F640 PCIe rear-mounted • 12 front mounted 14 TB High Capacity Disks
• 3192 TB per Rack
flash cards per storage server—”Hot
Plug” Replaceable • 4 x 6.4 TB F640 PCIe rear-mounted flash
cards per storage server—”Hot Plug”
• State-of-the-art NVMe interface
Replaceable
optimized for low-overheard
• State-of-the-art NVMe interface optimized
• No flash cache misses, so predictably
for low-overheard
low flash response times
• Smart Flash Cache intelligently manages
flash

83 Copyright © 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Exadata X8M Virtualization

Exadata X8M uses KVM based Virtualization

 Different from Xen based virtualization used in
InfiniBand-based Exadata

RoCE and Persistent Memory only supported on KVM

KVM enables:
 2X more guest VM Memory – 1.5 TB/server
 Lower client network latency
 50% more guest VMs per server

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Exadata X8M benefits – no application changes required

Faster OLTP and Analytics performance at the same price

 Get latency of persistent memory, IOPs of flash, cost of disk

Consolidate more workloads reducing costs

All OLTP applications benefit from faster latency

Game changer for applications that need real-time access

to large amounts of data
 Personalized ads or shopping, fraud detection, stock exchanges,
telecom routing, gaming, internet messaging, etc.

85 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle’s commitment to Exadata is increasing

Oracle SaaS apps (ERP, HCM, etc.) run exclusively on Exadata

 Thousands of Exadata systems deployed globally in the Oracle
Public Cloud

Autonomous Database run exclusively on Exadata

Exadata Cloud at Customer brings full cloud benefits to

customer data center

Exadata on-premises remains a major focus

 Will exclusively run all database features developed for
Autonomous DB
 Even better platform for private database cloud
86 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Automatic Service Request (ASR)

Automatically opens a Service Request (SR) to Oracle Support Services

when Exadata hardware fault occurs
Hardware component faults include disk, flash, memory, processor,
fan, power supply, etc
ASR is a complementary mechanism to expedite and simplify
hardware replacement. It is not a replacement for other monitoring
mechanisms (i.e. SMTP and SNMP alerts)

88 Copyright © 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates.

Private Cloud appliance (PCA) Overview
Private Cloud Appliance
helps you deliver

 Consolidate database, middleware and

application stack
 Support multiple organizations on one
system with multitenancy
 Offer DBaaS, ITaaS, IaaS, DRaaS
 Automate provisioning of cloud services
 Licensing compliance

91 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Intelligent and agile
infrastructure

 Forward compatible
 Flexibly supports any mix of workloads
 Supports your choice of Oracle or 3rd party
storage
 Automation speeds install
 OVM virtual appliances and migration tool for
rapid Oracle app deployment
 Works with Exadata

92 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Hardware infrastructure designed to be future proof
Supports future generation Oracle servers as compute nodes

PCA Base Rack

PCA X3-2 PCA X4-2 PCA X5-2 PCA
Supports X3-2, X4-2, Supports X4-2, X5-2, Supports X5-2, X6-2 Support next gen
X5-2, X6-2 as compute X6-2 as compute as compute nodes compute nodes
nodes nodes

2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Support for X3- Support for X4- Support for X5- Support for X6- Support for
2 compute 2 compute 2 compute 2 compute next gen
nodes delivered nodes delivered nodes delivered nodes delivered compute nodes

Compute nodes Future

93 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Support for software across the stack

VMware to Oracle
Virtualization and Management VM migration tool

Applications

Middleware Webcenter

Database

Operating System

3rd Party SAP Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Exchange Server Proprietary Apps

94 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

DBaaS with Oracle Exadata and Private Cloud Appliance

Generic Private Cloud Enterprise Apps Private Cloud

X
Database-
as-a-Service

95 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Offer different tiers of service level agreements

Generic Private Cloud Enterprise Apps Private Cloud

X P
Database- Applications-
as-a-Service as-a-Service

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Full tenant isolation at server, VM and network levels

Tenant Tenant Tenant

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3
VM
VM VM
VM VM
VM

VM
VM VM VM

Network
Server
Storage
Shared

97 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Single pane of glass management for hybrid cloud
Private Cloud Appliance + Oracle Enterprise Manager

Private Cloud Unified Management Public Cloud

Compliance
Provision Monitor

Configuration Disaster Recovery

98 Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle Private Cloud Appliance Integrates Oracle Linux Cloud Native
Environment Container runtime for application development and Kubernetes for container
orchestration provide application portability across containerized platforms

Oracle Private Cloud Appliance Cloud Native Capabilities

Preconfigured Ansible/Terraform Kubernetes Runtime Oracle

VM/Container Provisioning Orchestration Enterprise
Infrastructure & Manager
Management Cloud
Observability
& Analysis

99 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Single infrastructure for containers and VMs

Application
Containers
VM 1 VM 2

App 1 App 2 App 3

VM 3
Bins/Libs Bins/Libs Bins/Libs
App 4
Container RT Container Runtime Bins/Libs
OL7 Oracle Linux 7 Guest OS

Hypervisor - Oracle VM Server

100 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Summary
 Oracle Private Cloud Appliance engineered for today’s most demanding applications
 Host enterprise workloads, cloud native, applications, and middleware
 Oracle Exadata Machine for Oracle DB, Oracle Private Cloud Appliance for everything else
 Support for Oracle’s Linux Cloud Native Environment, containers, and micro-services, decoupling the
workloads from the infrastructure for application portability to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure
 Preferred platform for Oracle Apps Unlimited ( Oracle E-Business Suite, Siebel, PeopleSoft, Hyperion, JDE)
 Host non-Oracle applications
 Customers use Oracle Private Cloud Appliance to host Oracle Global Business Unit applications
 Upgrade path for Oracle Exalogic and Exalytics
 Everything you need to get started is included - less than 6 hours from installation to production
 Oracle Private Cloud Appliance and Oracle Cloud Infrastructure working together for your business
101 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
ZDLRA Overview
Zero Data Loss Recovery appliance
Oracle’s Recovery Appliance

The only data protection extension of Oracle

Database
 Created by the Oracle Database team with
unique database knowledge and integration
 Rapid database recovery to any point in time
 Better performance and efficiency than generic
solutions
 Know recovery status – at all times
 Single-vendor reduces complexity and cost

103 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Complete, single-vendor solution with Oracle Exadata and
Recovery Appliance

Exadata Exadata
 Proven seventh-generation high-availability, scalable
system architecture
 Unique cross-system optimizations increase
performance and efficiency
 Maximum Availability Architecture integrates active data
guard, enterprise manager and OSB
 Coordinated full-stack patching and management for
increased security

ZDLRA ZDLRA
Primary Site Remote Site
Active Active

104 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Enables point-in time recovery of the Oracle Database
Pointer-based representation of physical full backup at incremental backup time
Request: January 6, 2018 Day ‘N’ Virtual Full Backup

Restore Database
To Day ‘N’ at 14:53.12

Day 0 Day 1 Day N

01001010110 Full Incr Incr
10010101101
01001010110
01001010010
Time o
Machine 10010101100

Recovery Appliance Delta Push (What it Does) Recovery Appliance Delta Store (The Data it Keeps)

105 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
General Purpose Backup vs. Recovery Appliance
Continuous protection and built-in integrity checking

?
Database

Hourly / daily Continuous

backups protection Continuous
DB-aware
No
validation
DB-aware
validation

106 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Real-time recoverability knowledge
Integrated monitoring, alerting, and reporting on recoverability
Real-time recovery status for all databases at your fingertips:

Current point-in-time-recovery window Current amount of unprotected data

! Alerts and warnings issued if a database is not meeting user-defined recovery goals or thresholds

Data Protection-as-a-Service: Policy-based management to meet recovery SLAs throughout the enterprise

Dynamic allocation of storage to meet Recovery Window Goals

107 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle’s Zero Data Loss Recovery Appliance

Up to 10X Real-time Recover to Never restore

Millions in
faster data recovery any a bad backup
savings
recovery status point-in-time again

108 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Database Automation with EMCC
Enterprise Manager Cloud Control

Copyright © 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

109
Top Challenges Solved by Database Automation

Manage
Improve database Simplify
performance and estate with consolidation
availability less effort and and migration
risk

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Oracle Enterprise Manager

Manage the entire on-premises and cloud

Oracle software at scale with less effort

• Increased Visibility and

Intelligent Analytics

• Comprehensive Lifecycle
Automation and Control

• Enterprise-Grade Management Platform:

Secure, Accessible and Extensible

111 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Database Management Use Cases

Improve performance Manage DB estate with Simplify consolidation

& availability less effort and risk and migration

Find & Fix Performance Problems Enable Denser Consolidation

Automate Patching
Automatically

Validate Performance Fixes Before Harden Security &

Automate Migrations
Deploying to Prod Maintain Compliance

Enable Self-Service DBaaS

& Cloning

Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates | Confidential:

112
Internal
 Database Performance Management
Single Pane of Glass for Performance and Availability

FIND VALIDATE
Proactively prevent database Validate database performance to ensure
performance issues quality of service and to maintain SLAs

01 02 03
FIX
Reduce mean time for detecting and
repairing problems with deep root- 50%
cause analysis and application tuning 30%

20%

113 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Database Options for Automation: Database Lifecycle Management Pack

• Automatic Discovery • Inventory Tracking

• Mass Provisioning/Cloning • Configuration Drift Mgmt.
• Patch Management • Topology Visualization
• Upgrades • Enterprise Data
• Change Activity Planner Governance
• Schema Changes • Compliance Reporting

114 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 Oracle Multitenant
Consolidating Databases and Simplifying Operations

Self-contained PDB for each application

• Rapid provisioning (via clones)
• Applications run unchanged
• PDB upgrades via plug/unplug

Common operations performed at CDB

PDBs level
• Manage many as one (upgrade,
CDB backups, HA)
• Simple DR
Root
Shared memory & background processes
• More applications per server

115 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Delivering Database as a Service
Database Options for DBaaS: EM Cloud Management Pack; Multitenant

Efficiency
Consolidated, shared platform
maintained with automation Database

Accessibility
Automated request channel Dedicated Database Pluggable Database Database Schema
via self-service

Elasticity
Agile scale up, scale down,
relocation of services

Accountability
OR OR Data
Meter usage, quota,
compliance and governance Empty Full Clone Snap clones

Integration
API integrations to 3rd party tools, Physical, Virtual, or Infrastructure
change requests, dev workflows Engineered Systems
On-Premises or in Oracle Cloud

116 Copyright © 2020, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Thank you

Mostafa Emam
Principal Solutions Engineer