Accelerating Infrastructure Innovations

FOCUS
4
INSIDE
A guide to today’s
orthotropic steel
deck bridges
Innovations and Best Practices
for Roadway Tunnels
April 2012

5
NHI Training in
Action 2012

F
rom technology advances to accel- The scan focused on highway tunnel

6
Infrastructure erated construction techniques, a inventory criteria; design and construction
innovation webinars domestic scan team sponsored by standards; maintenance and inspection prac-
the National Cooperative Highway tices; operations, including safety; and spe-
Research Program (NCHRP), American cialized tunnel technologies. Also considered

6
Join the context
Association of State Highway and Transpor- were fire suppression, traffic management,
sensitive solutions
tation Officials (AASHTO), and Federal incident detection and management, and
community
Highway Administration (FHWA) traveled repairs of existing tunnels.

7
Highway technology the country investigating innovations and best “We had the opportunity to learn about
calendar practices for roadway tunnel design, construc- best practices and innovations that States are
tion, maintenance, inspection, and operations. using, so that these can be shared with other
Team members included representatives States,” said scan cochair Jesus Rohena of
from State departments of transportation, FHWA. “We also observed the challenges
academia, and FHWA. The team visited that tunnel owners are facing throughout the
California, Colorado, Maryland, Massachu- country as tunnels get older.”
setts, New Jersey, New York, Virginia, and Among the innovations being used to
Washington in August and September 2009. accelerate tunnel construction are prefabri-
Web conferences were also held with repre- cated elements. These can include steel and
sentatives from the Alaska Department of precast concrete submersed tubes, prefin-
Transportation, District of Columbia Depart- ished manufactured steel ceiling panels, pre-
ment of Transportation, and Pennsylvania cast concrete floors, and precast concrete
Department of Transportation. continued on page 2 ➣

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 Best Practices for Roadway Tunnels,

© Arora and Associates

continued from page 1
© Arora and Associates

Above: The Eisenhower/Johnson Memorial Tunnel on I-70 in Colorado.

Right: A tunnel inspection is conducted.

ceiling panels with tiles. Innovations to clock and emergency refuge

improve tunnel operations include special- areas are located throughout the HLT. Based on the information gathered dur-
ized lighting technologies that control light In Virginia, team members observed the ing the tour, the scan team has made eight
intensity levels and prevent the “tunnel Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel (CBBT), recommendations:
effect,” which can affect vision when which connects southeastern Virginia and
1. Develop standards, guidance, and best
motorists drive into the portal area. Tech- the Delmarva Peninsula (Delaware and the
practices for roadway tunnels. These
nologies to prevent water leakage include Eastern Shore counties in Maryland and
standards should include, for example,
vacuum injection of water seepage cracks Virginia). The CBBT consists of more
design criteria for performance-based
and membrane-based waterpoofing sys- than 19 km (12 mi) of low level trestle, two
construction specifications; extreme
tems. Tunnel inspection is also being 1.6-km (1-mi) tunnels, two bridges, almost
events and tunnel security; vertical
improved through the use of technologies 3.2 km (2 mi) of causeway, and four man-
clearance, horizontal clearance, and sight
such as laser surveys and multibeam sonar. made islands, totaling 28.3 km (17.6 mi)
distance; tunnel design life and future
Tunnels visited during the scan tour from shore to shore, plus 8.8 km (5.5 mi)
maintenance for structural, mechanical,
include the Eisenhower/Johnson Memo- of approach roads. Also observed was the
electrical, and electronic systems; and
rial Tunnel in Colorado, which carries I-70 Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel (HRBT),
fire and life-safety systems.
traffic under the Continental Divide. At which includes bridges, trestles, manmade
3,353 m (11,000 ft), the 2.7-km (1.7-mi) islands, and tunnels connecting Norfolk 2. Develop an emergency response system
tunnel is at the highest elevation for a and Hampton in southeastern Virginia. plan unique to each facility that takes
vehicular tunnel in the world. Also visited During the summer approximately into account human behavior, facility
in Colorado was the Hanging Lake Tunnel 100,000 vehicles cross the HRBT daily. ventilation, and fire mitigation. A fire
(HLT) on I-70 at the midpoint of Glen- The HRBT tunnels consist of two par- ventilation study should be performed
wood Canyon. The 1,219-m (4,000-ft) allel single tubes built using the immersed and a fire ventilation plan developed
HLT is one of the most technologically sunken tube method. Prefabricated tunnel and adopted for each facility. Many
advanced tunnel systems in the country, elements were placed using barges and facilities also need to improve their
with a traffic control and information cen- then joined together in a trench dredged at procedures for directing the public to
ter that tracks each vehicle traveling the bottom of the harbor and backfilled safety during an emergency.
through the tunnel using a system of sen- with earth. State-of-the-art automated
3. Develop and share inspection practices
sors and closed circuit television cameras. traffic control and video monitoring sys-
among tunnel owners. The team recom-
A fleet of emergency vehicles is stationed tems are used for traffic management and
mends that tunnel inspection programs
in the middle of the tunnel around the air quality is constantly monitored.

2 Focus • April 2012

 be as similar as possible to bridge inspec- and replacements, and operator train- of Arora and Associates and former State
tion programs. Those components of ing and retention. Bridge Engineer for the California Depart-
the tunnel that carry or affect traffic, ment of Transportation.
7. Share existing technical knowledge with-
such as roadway slabs and floor systems To download the scan report, Best Prac-
in the industry to design a tunnel. This
that carry traffic, should be load rated in tices for Roadway Tunnel Design, Construc-
knowledge base could include domestic
accordance with the AASHTO Man- tion, Maintenance, Inspection, and Operations,
and international tunnel scan informa-
ual for Bridge Evaluation to the extent visit http://bridges.transportation.org/
tion, past project designs, construction
possible. Recommended practices for Documents/NCHRP20-68A_09-05%20
practices, emergency response best
inspection frequencies, minimum code (1).pdf. For more information on the scan
practices, and information on subject
requirements, and a Federal coding tour, contact Jesus Rohena at FHWA, 202-
matter experts. To protect security,
manual also need to be developed. 366-4593 (email: [email protected]). ✽
details and best practices should be
4. Consider inspection and maintenance shared without identifying the specific
operations during the design stage. The facilities where they are used.
team found that inviting all disciplines A 2005 international scanning team
8. Provide education and training in tun-
to provide their input during the design tour sponsored by FHWA, AASHTO,
nel design and construction. Since many
phase results in a better product.
agencies do not have in-house expertise and NCHRP brought back innovations
5. Develop site-specific plans for the safe on tunneling, providing access to edu- and best practices in designing,
and efficient operation of roadway tun- cation and training is vital. building, and operating tunnel sys-
nels. Agencies should develop a concise
AASHTO will work in conjunction tems in Europe. The scan focused on
site-specific tunnel operations manual,
with FHWA and the Transportation tunnel operations, including incident
as well as an incident response manual.
Research Board, as well as the National detection and deterrent technology
6. Building a tunnel means a long-term Fire Protection Association and other tun-
and incident response and recovery
commitment to provide funding for pre- nel-related organizations, to implement the
ventive maintenance, system upgrades recommendations. Work already underway planning. Also studied were tunnel
and replacements, and operator training includes an NCHRP project to develop systems and designs that provide
and retention. The decision to build a Load and Resistance Factor Design specifi- fire protection, blast protection,
tunnel represents a long-term commit- cations and guidance for new and existing and areas of refuge or evacuation
ment by the owner. Agencies should tunnels. “Developing design guidance is passages for motorists. To download
develop an operational financial plan the biggest issue for tunnels, as right now
the scan team report, Underground
that addresses the need for future pre- there aren’t standards as there are for
ventive maintenance, system upgrades bridges,” said scan cochair Kevin Thompson Transportation Systems in Europe:
Safety, Operations, and Emergency
Response (Pub. No. FHWA-PL-06-016),
© WSDOT

visit www.international.fhwa.dot.
gov/uts.

© Arora and Associates

Above: The Mount Baker Ridge Tunnel carries I-90 in Seattle, WA.
Right: The Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connects southeastern Virginia and
the Delmarva Peninsula.

Focus • April 2012 3

A Guide to Today’s Orthotropic
Steel Deck Bridges

F
irst developed in the 1930s, the thin steel plate that is stiffened by a series
orthotropic steel deck (OSD) of closely spaced longitudinal ribs and
system for bridges continues to transverse floor beams. As noted in the
offer tremendous potential for manual, “the defining characteristic of the
building efficient and cost-effective mod- OSD bridge is that it results in a nearly all
ern structures with extended service life. steel superstructure which has the poten-
The Federal Highway Administration’s tial (with minimal maintenance) to pro-
(FHWA) new Manual for vide extended service life
Design, Construction, and and standardized modu-
Maintenance of Ortho- lar design, as compared to
tropic Steel Deck Bridges “Orthotropic steel more conventional bridge
(Pub. No. FHWA-IF-12- construction.” Since most It has not been as widely employed in the
027) presents a compre-
decks provide of the components are United States to date, with an estimated
hensive guide to OSD a modular, pre- prefabricated and light- 100 OSD bridges in service across the
technology based on fabricated design weight, OSD bridges can country. The system has most commonly
worldwide practice and be built quickly. OSD been used in the United States for particu-
modern analytical tech-
solution that has construction also pro- lar design conditions, such as for long-span
niques. Included are proven effective in vides a smooth continu- structures where it is paramount to mini-
discussion of the many new construction ous riding surface that mize dead load. One example of this design
aspects of orthotropic has minimal joints, pre- is the new Tacoma Narrows Bridge in
bridge engineering, in-
where speed and venting leakage and pro- Washington. Another use in the United
cluding analysis, design, extended service tecting the other bridge States is for box girder bridges containing
detailing, fabrication, test- life are desired.” components. Another po- slender compressive plate elements that
ing, inspection, evaluation, tential advantage is lower require stiffening, such as the Alfred
and repair. The manual life-cycle costs. Zampa Memorial Bridge in California. It
supplements and up- OSD design can pro- has also been used for redecking of major
dates the 1963 Design Manual for Ortho- vide a cost-effective solution for many dif- bridges on urban arterials where rapid con-
tropic Steel Plate Deck Bridges published ferent conditions and types of bridges, struction is vital, including the Bronx-
by the American Institute of Steel Con- including: Whitestone Bridge in New York City.
struction. It is based on the recently OSD bridges present unique design
• Long-span bridges.
issued Sixth Edition of the American challenges, which has contributed to their
Association of State Highway and Trans- • Moveable bridges. more limited use in the United States. For
portation Officials (AASHTO) Load and example, the design of critical details is
• Bridges in seismic zones.
Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) Bridge controlled less by dead load or ultimate
Design Specifications. • Bridges where rapid construction is strength but more by live load, meaning
“Orthotropic steel decks provide a mod- required. that fatigue is the dominant limit state.
ular, prefabricated design solution that has Early analytical tools were limited in their
• Bridges where extended service life is
proven effective in new construction where ability to quantify the stress states at these
required.
speed and extended service life are desired, details, and data was limited on fatigue
and in rehabilitation of existing bridges • Cold weather conditions where it is dif- resistance. After extensive research efforts
where reducing weight is one of the pri- ficult to use cast-in-place concrete. in recent decades, however, there is better
mary goals,” said Myint Lwin, Director of understanding of OSD performance and
The OSD system has been used in
FHWA’s Office of Bridge Technology. proper design. And while wearing surfaces
thousands of bridges worldwide, particu-
Originally developed in Germany, the applied to OSDs have experienced some
larly in Europe, Asia, and South America.
OSD system generally consists of a flat, problems in the past, including cracking

4 Focus • April 2012

 FO
CU
So
nT
rai
nin
g

NHI Training
in Action 2012

F
and rutting, recent research and devel- ind out how training available
opment and general design improve- from the Federal Highway
ments have addressed the causes of Administration’s (FHWA) Nat-
many of these problems. As the manual ional Highway Institute (NHI)
notes, “current design concepts have can help you accelerate innovation and
proven successful in many modern open new doors in your career with the
OSD bridges in the United States and 2012 edition of NHI Training in Action.
abroad.” The magazine spotlights how NHI
The manual examines OSD applica- courses and Webinars support the goals of
tions, including use of the system for FHWA’s Every Day Counts (EDC) initia-
plate girder bridges, box girder bridges, tive, including shortening project delivery,
and suspended span bridges. Typical enhancing roadway safety, and protecting
bridge sections and orthotropic panel the environment. The EDC initiative is
details are then discussed, as well as designed to speed deployment of proven opment. The course contributes to EDC’s
structural behavior and analysis. A sec- solutions and technologies. goal of reducing the environmental foot-
tion on design covers a general design Courses available include NHI Training print of transportation projects.
approach and then offers details on 131137, Special Mixture Design Consider- NHI Training in Action also looks at how
such items as permanent loads, live ations and Methods for Warm Mix Asphalt. Web-based training opens doors. NHI now
loads, fatigue resistance, and rib-to- One of the EDC priority innovations, warm offers more than 100 Web-based courses,
deck welds. The section on construc- mix asphalt (WMA) encompasses a variety most of which are free to participants. One
tion offers instruction on the fabrication of technologies that allow asphalt to be pro- course participant credits the online train-
process, welding, erection, and inspec- duced and then placed on the road at lower ing with helping him obtain his current
tion and testing. temperatures than the conventional hot mix position with the Utah Department of
Also covered are inspection, evalua- asphalt (HMA) method. The lower tem- Transportation (UDOT). “The Web-
tion, and repair, including load rating, peratures may result in cost savings and based training component makes 24/7
limit states, and rehabilitation strate- reduced greenhouse gas emissions because accessibility a reality, which is another great
gies, as well as wearing surfaces and less fuel is required. Other benefits include benefit for today’s busy professionals,” said
maintenance and repair techniques. improved pavement performance, reduced Rod McDaniels, program manager for out-
Discussion of testing encompasses energy usage, and increased worker com- door advertising control at UDOT.
experimental testing of decks, fatigue fort. The free 2-hour online training high- Additional features report on how NHI
testing of orthotropic steel connection lights key differences in WMA and HMA courses are helping practitioners use the
details, and testing of wearing surfaces. design procedures (see December 2011 American Association of State Highway
The manual culminates with two design Focus). Participants also have the opportu- and Transportation Officials Highway
examples, showcasing the use of the nity to convert HMA mixtures into WMA Safety Manual, as well as the International
new AASHTO LRFD Specifications mixtures. Bridge Conference Engineering Excellence
in refined analysis for a multiple girder Another course that complements the Award received by FHWA for the new
continuous bridge and a cable-stayed EDC initiative is NHI Training 142060, NHI reference manual, Analysis and Design
bridge. Practical Conflict Management Skills for of Skewed and Curved Steel Bridges with
To download a copy of the manual, Environmental Issues. This 3-day training Load and Resistance Factor Design. Also
visit www.fhwa.dot.gov/bridge/pubs/ equips transportation professionals and included is a list of NHI courses launched
if12027/if12027.pdf. For more infor- their counterparts from local government, in 2011.
mation on OSD bridges, contact Brian tribal entities, and environmental organiza- To download the 2012 NHI Training in
M. Kozy in FHWA’s Office of Bridge tions with critical interpersonal skills and Action or for more information on NHI
Technology, 202-493-0341 (email: brian. the ability to work efficiently and effec- training opportunities, visit www.nhi.fhwa.
[email protected]). ✽ tively with all stakeholders in the arena of dot.gov. ✽
transportation planning and project devel-

Focus • April 2012 5

 Join the Context Sensitive
Infrastructure Solutions Community
Innovation
Webinars

F
rom Maine to New Mexico,
This free Webinar provides a quick agencies are incorporating the
introduction to the latest infrastruc- principles of context sensitive
ture innovations and technologies.
solutions (CSS) to transform
State-Specific Load and how they plan and develop transportation
Resistance Factor Rating projects to better meet the needs of users.
(LRFR) Load Rating Visit the Federal Highway Administra-
Guidelines tion (FHWA) CSS Web site (http://
April 19, 2012, 1–3:30 p.m. contextsensitivesolutions.org) to learn
(eastern daylight time) how CSS has enabled agencies to design
The Webinar covers fundamental urban thoroughfares that keep neighbor-
information, lesssons learned, and hoods walkable, create safer streets that
resources available to address are enjoyable for cyclists and other users,
State-specific load rating issues improve rural highways in environmen-
such as the application of State tally sensitive areas, and allow for diverse Starting with “What Is CSS,” the site
legal loads and load calibration interests within a community to agree on offers resources for a diverse group of
based on weigh-in-motion data. the purpose, need, scope, and community practitioners. Visitors new to CSS can
Representatives from the New context for transportation projects. learn about the history of CSS, its guiding
York State Department of Trans- For visitors to the site, it’s all CSS, all principles, and the benefits of using the
portation and Oregon Department the time. Whether you are new to CSS or process. “Tools for Applying CSS”
of Transportation will share infor- an experienced practitioner, the recently includes a more indepth discussion of the
mation on their LRFR proce- redesigned site is the place to go for CSS integration of CSS principles in the proj-
dures. The target audience for the news, research, publications, case studies, ect development process and in the assess-
Webinar includes bridge and and much more. ment and decisionmaking that occurs
structures staff from local, regional, CSS is a collaborative, multidisciplinary when designing a project. The “Resourc-
and State transportation agencies; process that involves all stakeholders in es” section covers State case studies, suc-
Federal Highway Administration planning and developing transportation cessful practices of State and local agen-
(FHWA) staff; and consultants. facilities. This approach preserves and cies, publications, and recordings and pre-
Participants will have the oppor- enhances scenic, aesthetic, historic, com- sentations from CSS Webinars.
tunity to download the Webinar munity, and environmental resources, A primary feature of the site is the CSS
presentations. while improving or maintaining safety, Toolbox, which contains many significant
To register, visit https:// mobility, and infrastructure. The four CSS publications, “CSS in the News”
connectdot.connectsolutions. core principles of a context sensitive and upcoming events, training informa-
com/statespecificlrfr/event/ approach are: tion, statistics and quotes, a list of indus-
registration.html. For more infor- 1. Strive towards a shared stakeholder try experts and links to industry resources,
mation, contact Lubin Gao at vision to provide a basis for decisions. FHWA memorandums and other resourc-
FHWA, 202-366-4604 (email: 2. Demonstrate a comprehensive under- es, and information on FHWA experts.
[email protected]). ✽ standing of contexts. Users can create their own customized
Toolbox by downloading files from the
3. Foster continuing communication and
site. Visitors can also join discussion
collaboration to achieve consensus.
groups or contribute content to the site.
4. Exercise flexibility and creativity to Updates on the upcoming CSS National
shape effective transportation solu- Dialogues will also be available. This pro-
tions, while preserving and enhancing gram will provide opportunities for CSS
community and natural environments.
continued on page 8 ➣

6 Focus • April 2012

Highway Technology Calendar

The following events provide opportunities to learn more about products and technologies for accelerating infrastructure innovations.

2012 Design-Build in FHWA Intelligent Compaction (IC) Contact: Steve Salmans at WRI,
Transportation Conference Workshop 307-721-2306 (email: ssalmans@uwyo.
April 25–27, 2012, Phoenix, AZ May 3, 2012, Minneapolis, MN edu), or Jack Youtcheff at FHWA,
Join transportation leaders in discussing The workshop highlights the fundamen- 202-493-3090 (email: jack.youtcheff@
lessons learned in the use of the design- tals of IC and discusses the route to suc- dot.gov). Information is also available at
build project delivery method for trans- cessful IC implementation. The training www.petersenasphaltconference.org.
portation projects. Discussions will include is designed for State agency staff, profes-
choosing the right delivery method, con- sionals in the earthwork and paving 2012 Pavement Performance
tracting approaches, risk allocation, and industries, IC roller vendors, and global Prediction Symposium
performance contracting. The conference positioning system vendors. July 12, 2012, Laramie, WY
is cosponsored by the Federal Highway Contact: George Chang at The Transtec Presented by WRI in cooperation with
Administration (FHWA), the American Group, 512-451-6233, ext. 227 (email: FHWA’s Turner-Fairbank Highway
Association of State Highway and Trans- [email protected]), or Research Center, the symposium will
portation Officials (AASHTO), and indus- Lee Gallivan at FHWA, 317-226-7493 take an indepth look at a single asphalt-
try groups. (email: [email protected]). Regis- related topic.
Contact: Jerry Yakowenko at FHWA, tration information is available at www. Contact: Steve Salmans at WRI,
202-366-1562 (email: gerald.yakowenko IntelligentCompaction.com. 307-721-2306 (email: ssalmans@uwyo.
@dot.gov), or visit www.dbtranspo. edu), or Jack Youtcheff at FHWA,
com/index.cfm. Seventh RILEM International Con- 202-493-3090 (email: jack.youtcheff@
ference on Cracking in Pavements dot.gov). More information on the
2012 International Conference on June 20–22, 2012, Delft, Netherlands selected topic will be available at
Winter Maintenance and Surface Conference topics spotlight the detection, www.petersenasphaltconference.org.
Transportation Weather prediction, and mitigation of cracking in
April 30–May 3, 2012, Coralville, IA pavements; laboratory and field model International Conference on
Sponsored by the Transportation Research validation; and accelerated pavement test- Long-Life Concrete Pavements
Board, Iowa Department of Transporta- ing. Organized by RILEM (the Interna- September 18–21, 2012, Seattle, WA
tion, AASHTO, and FHWA, the con- tional Union of Laboratories and Experts Organized by FHWA, in partnership
ference will cover both the state-of- in Construction Materials, Systems, and with the National Concrete Pavement
the-art and the state-of-the-practice in Structures), conference partners include Technology Center, the conference will
improving snow removal and ice control FHWA and AASHTO. address concrete pavement design, con-
operations. Session highlights include Contact: Katherine Petros at FHWA, struction, and materials technologies that
performance measures, road weather 202-493-3154 (email: katherine.petros result in long-life, sustainable concrete
and surface condition data collection, @dot.gov), or visit www.rilem2012.org. pavement. A mini-symposium on con-
innovative equipment and materials, and crete paving durability will be held on the
large-volume snow control. Forty-Ninth Annual Petersen final day of the conference.
Contact: Roemer Alfelor at FHWA, Asphalt Research Conference Contact: Shiraz Tayabji at Fugro
202-366-9242 (email: roemer.alfelor@ July 9–11, 2012, Laramie, WY Consultants, Inc., 410-302-0831
dot.gov), or visit www.trb.org/ Organized by the Western Research (email: [email protected]), or Sam
Calendar/Blurbs/2012_International_ Institute (WRI), the conference will pres- Tyson at FHWA, 202-366-1326
Conference_on_Winter_Maintenanc_ ent current research aimed at understand- (email: [email protected]).
164319.aspx. ing and improving asphalt performance. Conference information is also
Topics covered range from fundamental available at www.fhwa.dot.gov/
compositional research to applied field pavement/concrete/2012conf.cfm. ✽
engineering. Attendees are also invited to
participate in an open mic discussion.

Focus • April 2012 7

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of Transportation FIRST CLASS MAIL
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Administration
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FOCUS
Context Sensitive Solutions,
continued from page 6

Focus (ISSN 1060-6637), which is published monthly by the

U.S. Department of Transportation’s Federal Highway Admin- practitioners across the country to feature a syllabus developed from CSS
istration (FHWA), covers the implementation of innovative exchange best practices, ask questions, research and case studies in conjunction
technologies in all areas of infrastructure.
Its primary mission is twofold: (1) to serve the providers and raise awareness of the latest develop- with the University’s curriculum.
of highway infrastructure with innovations and support to ments in CSS. Start exploring CSS by visiting http://
improve the quality, safety, and service of our roads and bridg-
es; and (2) to help promote and market programs and projects FHWA is also exploring the develop- contextsensitivesolutions.org. To sub-
of the various offices of FHWA’s Office of Infrastructure. ment of an interdisciplinary CSS course scribe to the quarterly CSS newsletter, see
FHWA Administrator: Victor M. Mendez with the University of Maryland School the “CSS Newsletter” information on the
Managing Editor: Michael Thoryn • Tel: 202-493-3172 of Architecture, Planning, and Preserva- home page. For more information about
(fax: 202-493-3475) • [email protected]
tion. This course is tentatively scheduled CSS, contact Jon Obenberger at FHWA,
Editor: Lisa Pope • Tel: 202-234-7157 (fax: 202-347-6938)
[email protected] to begin in fall 2012. Supplemented with 202-366-2221 (email: jon.obenberger@
Federal Highway Administration (HRTM) speakers from FHWA, the course will dot.gov). ✽
6300 Georgetown Pike, McLean, VA 22101-2296
Notice—The United States Government does not endorse
products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names
appear herein solely because they are considered essential
to the object of the article.
Superpave is a registered trademark of the National Acad-
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Send address corrections to: Woodward Communications
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