ENGINEERING

UTILITIES
ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATION

GROUP 8
Fuse
It is an over all current protective device
with a circuit opening fusible element
which opens (break) when there is an over
current in the circuit.

A fuse is a small electrical safety device

designed to provide overcurrent
protection for an electrical circuit.

The essential component of a fuse is a

metal wire or strip that melts when too
much current flows through it, thereby
stopping or interrupting the current.
 TWO MAIN
TYPES OF FUSES
CARTRIDGE FUSE PLUG FUSE

which is enclosed in an
enclosed in a porcelain cap
insulating fiber tube
 FUSE RATING AND CONSTRUCTION

Current Ratings Remarks

0 to 100 Plug fuse construction

15, 20, 25 to 30 mas. 150 v. to ground

0 to 10 Cartridge type with ferrules single

35, 40, 45, 50 to 60 and dual element 250 and 600 volts
70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 125, 150, 175, Cartridge type, knife blade
200, 225, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450,
contacts: 250 and 600 volts
500, 600

800, 1000, 1200, 1600, 2000, 2500, Cartridge type bolted knife blade
3000, 4000, 5000, 6000 contacts; 600 volts
Advantages of Fuse
over the Circuit Breaker
Cost-Effective: Fuses are
generally cheaper to purchase and Faster Response for Small
install than circuit breakers. Overloads: Fuses can react very
quickly to small, sudden surges,
Simplicity: Fuses are simple providing immediate protection in
devices with no moving parts, some cases.
reducing the chance of mechanical
failure. No Need for Calibration: Fuses do
Compact Size: Fuses are typically not require calibration or adjustment,
smaller, making them suitable for making them straightforward to
limited-space applications. install and use.
Circuit Breaker
Is an over-current protective device
designed to function as a switch.

Defined as a switching device that can

be operated manually or automatically
for controlling and protecting an
electrical power system.

TRIP or TRIPPING refers to the

interruption or disconnection of the
power supply.
 TYPICAL MOLDED CASE
CIRCUIT BREAKER CHARACTERISTICS
Frame Size
Trip Setting (Amp) Voltage Remarks
Amperes

50 15 20 30 40 50 240 1-3 poles

100 15 20 30 40 1-3 poles

50 70 90 100 600

225 70 90 100 125 600 1-3 poles

150 175 200 225

400/600 125 150 175 200 225 600 1-3 poles

250 300 350 400 500 600

800/1200 250 300 350 400 500 600 1-3 poles

600 800 1000 1200

1600 400 600 800 1000 600 2-3 poles

1200 1600 3 poles

Advantages of
Circuit Breaker
over the Fuse
Reusability: Circuit breakers can Safety and Convenience: Circuit
be reset after tripping, while fuses breakers are safer and easier to
must be replaced once they blow. reset than fuses.

Precision: Circuit breakers can be Integration with Automation:

calibrated to trip at specific Circuit breakers support
current levels, offering more automation for better fault
precise protection. detection and remote resetting.
Response Time: Many circuit breakers Durability: Circuit breakers last
respond more quickly than fuses, longer than fuses, which wear out
especially in cases of a short circuit. from heat over time.
Panel Board
Is popularly known as panel or electrical
panel.

It is a component of an electrical
distribution system which divides an
electrical power feed into branch circuits,
while providing a protective circuit
breaker or fuse for each circuit, in a
common enclosure. A panel board
services to protect branch circuits from
overloads and short circuits.
A single phase, 3 - wire panel is fed with two hot lines and a neutral line
connected to the line buses and the neutral bus which varies in:

a. Ampere ratings of the buses

b. Type of protective devices installed

Regardless whether the panel is flush or surface mounted type, it is

described in the following manner:

• House panel circuit breaker type, surface mounting

• 120/240 volts 150 amperes main
• 100/80 amp. 2 poles main circuit breaker
• Branch breakers all 80 amp. frame
• 10-2- amp. single pole 2-30 amp. 2 pole
• 1-20 amp. SP, GFI
 1.The approach shall be accessible and more
Principles Applied convenient.
in 2. The panel board is centrally located to shorten the
Installing home wiring runs.

Panel Board 3. It must be installed near the load center, as in most

cases panel boards are mounted near the kitchen and
the laundry where heavy-duty loads are expected.

4. To limit voltage, drop on the branch circuit, the

panel board shall be located in such a manner that no
circuit (wiring connections) exceed 35 meters long.

5. In the avoided that a circuit more than 35 meters

long cannot be avoided. No.10 AWG wire shall be used
for runs up to 50 meters long and No.8 AWG wire for
longer circuits.
a) Panel board with 100 cm high or Iess should be
located 135 cm. from the floor to center line of the
box.
b) Panel board with boxes over 100 cm. from the
floor
to the bottom of the box, except that the highest
branch circuit unit should not be more than 195 cm
from the floor.
c) If necessary, the box maybe lowered to a distance
not less than 45 cm. from the floor to the bottom of
the box. However, where a maximum height of 195
cm
above the floor to the upper circuit or a minimum
distance of 45 cm. above the floor cannot be done,
the
panel should be divided into two sections.
d) If two or more boxes are adjacent on the same
wall,
they should be installed with the horizontal center
line
of each box equidistance from the floor. The center
line distance of the higher box controlling the boxes
should be installed with a minimum spacing of 10 cm
apart.
Other Features of the Over
Current Protective Device
The over current protective device is always upstream of the
equipment being protected. Meaning, Electricity is ahead of the
load.
Electric current flows downstream, and cut off excess current, the
protective device should be placed ahead of protective items.
The panel is the source of current, the over current protective
device of branch circuit is inside the electrical panel that supplies
electric current.
The upstream side of the device is called Line Side. The downstream
is called the Load Side.
Switchboard and Switchgear
The switchboard and switchgear are free standing
assemblies of switches, fuses and circuit breakers
that provide switching and feeder protection to a
number of circuits connected to the main source.
It distribute large amount of power into small
packages.
In hydraulic analogy, the main buswork of the
switchboard is equivalent to a main header supplying
water.
 Lamp
Control and
the Master
Switch
Lamps are controlled by switch
from a certain location
illustrated as follows:
 Voltage ( Q )
current ( i ) =
Resistance ( Ω )
Emergency Electric
Supply System
The National Electrical Code requires an entirely separate
emergency standby electric supply system on commercial
and industrial establishments. The concept of the
emergency standby system is to replace normal power
supply to selected or entire loads within the building in
case of utility power outage.

The emergency standby source of electricity includes all

devices, wirings raceways and other electrical equipment
ready to supply electric power to the establishment or to
a selected loads.
CENTRAL BATTERY BANK TO AC AND DC LOAD
These loads include egress light o stairs, doors, exit and lobby area. Signal equipment
such as public address and fire shall remain functional during the emergency and one
or more elevators as required by the Code. The emergency electrical supply system
could be arranged as follows:
 Battery Supplied
2.Where all emergency loads
3. When the emergency
could be supplied with direct
current (DC) as in the
equipment is totally
1. Storage batteries following diagram, the same separated from the formal
arrangement in Figure 3-23 equipment and is normally
are connected to a de-energized, the following
could be adopted if
converter to activate alternating current (AC) is arrangement could be
immediately in case of required. utilized.
power outage to
supply current to
standby emergency
lights.
Current Supply by Generator
Where emergency loads are large enough that batteries
could not be economically feasible, and where 8 to 15 seconds
starting time is tolerable, a generator set is employed.
TWO SEPARATE ELECTRIC SERVICES
The National Electrical Code allows the use of two separate electric services. One for
normal, and the other for emergency source, provided that, they are independent
coming from different utility transformers or feeders entering the building at
different points and directions using separate service drops.
ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE
SYMBOL LIST
ELECTRICAL LAYOUT AND ESTIMATE
SYMBOL LIST
 THANK
YOU
I HOPE YOU LEARNED SOMETHING!