135

MATRICES

sOLUTION. We have,
| or, X

[L.C.S.E. 1996]
EXAMPLE 28.
Evaluate x and

SOLUTION. We have:
,o:-2 9+17-79 ..2)
6x - 10 =2 9x + 17 = 7y
..(1) and
From (1), 6x = 12, or, x = 2. 2 + 17 = 7y,
Substituting x=-2 in (2), we get, 9 x
or 7y= 18 + 17 =35. or. y = 5., Hence x= 2and y= 3.
of
EXAMPLE 29. Given, A= and BA = C2. Find the values
p and q.
[O 2 [I.C.S.E. 2008|

sOLUTION. Given, BA =2>

|=- 8. Hence, p = 8and q = 4.

2 3 [IL.C.S.E. 2007]
EXAMPLE 30. Let =
A U
2 1, B=-i o. Find A² +AB +B².
SOLUTION. A² = A x A =

AB 63 and B2

[1+2+1 0+3+6] 9
A'+ AB +B2 =41 4+3-2 i+6-3
EXERCISE 8(I)
[MATRICES]
A
1
1. (i) If A find 2A 2 Aand -5A.

5 1] 12
3 -1 0| and B
2 0 write down the order of A and B. Is A + B defined ?
-3 4
3 3 2] find A + B, A - B, 2A + 3B and 3B 2A.
2. IA = -i and B
 I.C.S.E. MATHEMATICS
136
(i)3A - X = 2B
B,
3. If A when()A +X=
findX
-Biand B= ofx and
y. [L.C.S.E. 1993
4. the values

5. () Solve the
equation :8
4 [LC.S.E. 1991
[I.C.S.E. 2008 Type
M
find the matrix

6. Determine the nmatrices A and B, when A + B

and A - B --).
and A -2B
7. Compute the matrices A and B, when 2A +B
possible, where
8. Find the product AB of two matrices Aand B, where

(0) A
-) and B = (4, 5); (ii) A = (1 4) and
B -3:
and B = (3 5).
(iü) A = (3 4) and B (i0) A 4

Is AB =BA ?
5 6 Compute AB and BA.
9. (1) Given, A 4 5
and B

(i) If A and B -
prove that AB BA.

10. If A and C find the matrices C (B - A) and A (B - C).

11. (1) If A show that 3A - A2 = 21, where Iis the unit matrix.

(ii) Given, A ;evaluate A-4A. [LC.S.E. 2000 Typel

12. (0) Find the values of xand yif =G.
|2x x
(ii) Find x and y,
y 3y [I.C.S.E. 2009]
13. A man buys 6 dozen of mangoes, 8
dozen of apples and 3 dozen of bananas. Mangoes cost
7 24 per dozen, apples ? 18 per dozen
and
purchased by a row matrix and the prices bybananas 8 per dozen. Represent the
a column matrix and hence find the quantities
(14
total cost.
14. Given Write down the order of the matrix X and
24
find the matrix X.
1 3) (1 -2
15. If A=| -1 oand B= ()write down the
product matrix AB and state its order;
(ii) Is it possible to form the product BA ? If So,
Compute BA ;if not, state the
reasons.
[L.CS.E. 1990]
MATRICES
137 |

they are
, IA-1 B=( ) and C =-
16. find each of the following and state if
equal: (1) A+ BC, (i) C+ AB.
17. If A
and C=(), (ind
à (AB)C and B(AC), (i)examine whether (AB)C =
B(AC). [LC.S.E. 1996]
18.
Evaluate

19. Given,A 6 4]
.Compute A(B +C) and (B +C)A and hence state
and C = [I.C.S.E. 1992]
whether they are equal.
() Find the value of rand yif (0 [18| [I.C.S.E. 1992, 2002 Type]
20.
-2
[ILC.S.E. 2005]
21. Find the value of x, given that A² = B, where A
-61.-(8i [LC.S.E. 2006]
22. LetA

Find A'-A + BC
3 1 order 2.
find the value of A2-5A + 7I. where Iis the unit matrix of
23. IfA
2 [I.C.S.E. 2012]

[9 161 find x and ywhen A = B. [IC.S.E. 2015]

3 x and B=
24. If A = 0 -y
3 7| [I.C.S.E. 2015]
25. I A=2 4 and
c-43 find AB - 5C.

[L.C.S.E. 2016]
2 0 and A² =9A + ml, find m.
7 and
26. Given A=
|4sin 30° cos 0°] If AX = B.
27. Given matrix A= cOs 0° 4 sin 30° and B [I.C.S.E. 2016]
the order of matrix X. (ii) find the matrix X.
()write
Find matrix C where C is a 2 by 2 matrix.
28. If A
3
4 and B -3 and A2 - 5B = 5C.
[ICSE 2017]

4B.
29. Given matrix B find the matrix X if X = B? -
[ICSE 2017]
Hence solve for aand b, given X
71.[6 [10 7 [ICSE 2018]
and 'y if
30. Find the value of 'x and 2\9 y-51 15|
[ICSE 2018]
find AC+ B² - 10C.
If -B-and C -
1. KA
 138
I.C.S.E. MATHEMATICS-1
B
Dtate "True" or "False" in each of the following cases :
2;
1 3 1s asquare matrix of order
order 2 x 3;
IS a rectangular matrix of
|1 1]
()o is aunit matrix of order 2; (iv) Adiagonal matrix is always a unit matiy
1 01 x 2 matrices.
|0 1 Is the identitymatrix for addition of all 2
if x = 3.
(on) If A and Bbe two sauare matrices of order 2, then AB = BA.
2. () If A-)
4 and B-|3 , find 2A - 3B.
(") Find a matrix Bsuch that 2A +B=0 where A
2-6 (0 0)
3. (1) If A 4 and 3A + 2B = lo o then find
the matrix B.
(3 2
(i) Find x if y 4 and 2x + y
7 0]
find the values of x and y.
11)
4. II 3 $J+21%-9, then find the values of xand y.
0
5. (9) f A-(2 S)B=(4 6
and C
1
find the matrices.

(i) A + B C (i) A - B + 3C (iii) 3A - 2B + 4C

(b) Given, A= -) and C find the matrix X such that A+X-2B+C

[L.C.S.E. 204)
(c) Given, A
-(5,B-,c=lö2Find the matrix X, such that A+2X -28 +C.
[L.C.S.E. 2002, 2013]
6. If A =_3 1L find the matrices A and A3.

7. If M(ij-o 1), find (i) the order of the matrix M, and (iü) the matrix M.
8. If A
-( i).B-(4 and C (0 1 find
() A2 + BC;(i1) examine whether A(B - C) =AB - Ac
9. If A= obow that A2- 31= 2A, where Iis the unit
matrix of order 2.
 139
MATRICESs

2 3
10. Given,A
|3 -7 i and B=- oL.find where possible A+B,A - B, AB and BA, gvin;
reasons if the operations are not
-1 5
possible. [L.C.S.E. 1991 Typel
11. IfA find A(BA)
12. IfA find the products :
A(BC), (i) (AC)B and state (iii) Show that A(B + C) = AB + AC.
(0 whether they are equal.
(3 i2) and B
-li
13. IfA |2 4 verify that (A - B² A'-2AB +B.
3O + 2R is a null matrix.
14. IIP: ind the matrix R Such that 5P +

2 Prove that Asatisfies the relation A2 - AA +3[ =O, where I is a unit matrix
2
15. If A =-]
of order 2.
5 31
16. I A=12 verify that A? - 12A =l,where I is a unit matrix of order 2.
BC.
17. IfA and C then find the matrix A² - A +

[1.C.S.E. 2001]
18. Find x and y, if
2 3 2
(A+ B) (A - B), (iii)examine whether
|3 --1|
19. IfA =s |2 0| then find () A²- B, (ii)
and B
A² - B² = (A + B) (A - B).
20. Prove that the matrix A satisfies the relation

A2- (a +d) A + (ad - bc) I =0, where Iis unit matrix of order 2
1
21.
and and (P + Q= P2 +02, find the values of p and q.

22. Simplify using standard values of sin 30, cos 60°, etc. :
2sin 30-2cos 60° tan 45° sec 60°)
-cot 45 -sin 90° COsec 30° cos0°):
1
[Hints : sin 30 = = cos 60°, cot 45° = 1= tan 45°, sin 90° = 1 =cos 0°, sec 60° = 2 = cOsec 30°1

ANSWERS

A
-107
1
3 1
2 2
(u) 2 x 3 and 3 x 2: No, A + Bis not defined, since their orders are not the same.
 I.C.S.E. MATHEMATIE

140
2.
and B
6. A
4. 1 =3, y = 5.

7. A=i 3and B
|12 15]
8. () AB
= 10:(i) (22) : (i) (15, 10) : columnsin A the number of rows in B.
of [5 0]
(i0) AB is not possible, since the number
14 17 [14 237 ; No. 10.
18 -117 and 1 (9
9. () |23 28 and
|17 28| 17 -10
12. () x =- 2and y = 3; (i) x=2 y = 1.
13. 312.
14. 2 x1;
x
3 3
15. AB -(-i-3) and BA 3 -3 0
16

of columns in B = the number of rows in A.

DA 1Spossible since the number
(12 16)
16. () 2 10) ()12 12;they are not equal.
6 37
17. () 28 70) and
(-4 12
55 i (1) they are not equal. 18. x = 8 y = 6,
33
24 53 18 47
19.
28 46) and 28 52;they are not equal.
-21
20. () x =2, y =3 ; (i) x =3, y = 0; (üi) x =3, y=-10. 21. (1) x = 3.
23. 24. x = 4, y = -1. 25.
[30
40 -14| 2 26. m = 14. 27. () 2 x1 () ;
28.
c-B 29.
x-|8 -L b- 10 30. x =2, y = 10 ; 31.
133
B
1. (0) False. since it is a 2 x 3 rectangular matrix.
(ii) False, it is not a matrix, since second row is incomplete.
(ii) False, since is the unit matrix of order 2.

|2 0
(io) False, since diagonal matrix 3 is not a unit matrix.

(v) False, since A+I#A; in this case [0 07

0 o 1S the identity element, since
A+ 0=0 +A=A, where, 0-00 01o u) False, sinceö
[4 31[4
5 i S:(vin) False.
3 13\
2. 0( 8 ; (iii) x =2, y =-8.
MATRICES 141
4I-2 y 4 5

6. 7. (i) 1x 2; (i) (2, 3).

olo 11) : 0) Yes, since A(8 -) =_R-AB - AC.

/10. A+ B and A - B are not possible, since Aand B are not of the same order :

17
AB =26 14 and BA =-12 -17 1|
[3
-6 3|
11 -37 6
36 28
12. () (18 16
|11. 28 36
15 3) Gi) 223 11)4): they are not equal.
-24 -10)
41 51 17.
|14.
2
18. x = 3, y = -10.

they are not equal. 21. p= 1, q= 4. 22.

EXERCISE 8(I)
[EXERCISE FOR THE REVISION OF CHAPTER 10]

A
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
0
1. If find the values of a, b and c.
7 Find Xx2 matrix which satisfies the equation [1 44
51[0 31
2 + 3X

3 |1 -2|
3. KA -2i and B
5 3 verify whether (A - B²=A?- 24AB +B².
Cos 30° sin 30°7 cos 30° - sin 30° a
4, Find the value of a, b, c and d if sin 30° - cos 30° sin 30° cos30°=
5. If -find the values of a, band c.
3 1
2 -2 17 and B =2
6. If A1 2 3 2 then
|1 3
0) write down the product matrix AB, (i) would it be possible to form the product BA ?
7. IfP =
3 1| find the value of P2 5P +7I, where I as an unit matrix of order 2 x 2.
-12
1-2 [5 -1]
8. IfA =
4 and B=i 66 and
and A'is the transpose of the matrix A, then find A'.B +B.A.
 142
I.C.S.E. MATHEMATICS-
9. Given,
write
(i) The order of the
matrix X; (ii) The matrix X.
10. A and Bare
nmatrices such 3 51
that A+B =17 3 1
and A-B-35: Find matrices A and B

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQs)

Choose the correct answer from the
1. Find a matrix 'X'
alternatives given in each of the following questions:
such tht 2A - 3B + X= 0, f2 3
wehre A =3-1ad D
-8
2. If the 2
matrix A = 1and Iis the unit matrix of same order, then the value of A² -
2A is
(a) 4.I
(b) 3.I (c) 2.I (d) 1
3. If A and I are
matrices, and A the value of 'k, where A2 =8A + kI is
(a) -7 (b) -6
(c) 6 (d) 7.
4. If the matrix A and 3A + 2B
-2| then the matrix B is

(0)27
5. Two matrices A and Bare such that 2A + 4 5]
3B= 5] thern (A +
2 and 3A +2B = -1 2, B) is

(d)
6. If A and Iis the unit matrix of same order, then the value of (A - 21)
(A - 3I) is :
(a)
l6
2 4 1
7. If A = and X =(A +A) and I is the unit matrix of same order, then
2
(a) X' = X (b) X' = -X (c) X.X -I (d) none of these.
8. If A and AB = A + B, the values of x + yt zis,
0z
(a) 0 (b) 2 (c) 4 (d) 6.
|3 1017
9. Twomatrices Xand Yare such that 5X +3Y =25
13 5 and 3X +4Y=10 3 then (X-Y) is
MATRICES 143

Thesimplified value of cos A. cOs A sin A sin A cOs A|

is
10. |-sin A COs A sin A CosA sin A

ANSWERS
A
-31 =- 1
b=-2, c= -3.
3. Not equal. 4. a=1, b= c= 0, d

b=3, c = 5 3 1]
"|10 14|: (1) Yes, order of BA is 3 X3.
6.
5, 4=2
[16 11
1.
7. 0 o.
8.
152 9. (02 x1; (9| 10. A

B
1 (0) 2. (b) 3 (a) 4. (c) 5. (d) 6. (b) 7. (a) 8. (c) 9. (c) 10. (d)