Introduction to Industrial Security Concept

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 Introduction to Industrial Security Concept

ABOUT THE AUTHOR

HAZEL ANN C. ASOY is a Licensed Criminologist. She earned her Bachelor of

Science in Criminology at Manuel S. Enverga University Foundation and her Master in
Security and Correction Administration at Pamantasan ng Lungsod ng Muntinlupa. She
is currently taking her Master in Public Administration and Doctor of Public Administration
at the University of Caloocan City.

She is a Certified Security Professional (Class 499), a Certified Cybercrime

Investigator (2019), a Certified Security and Safety Investigator (2021), a Certified
Security Intelligence and Surveillance Practitioner (2021), a Certified Digital Forensic
Photographer (2022), and a Licensed Financial Advisor.

She is an active member of the ASIS International- Philippine Chapter and a

bonafide member of The Fraternal Order of Eagles - Philippine Eagles (Metro Banahaw
Matikas Eagles Club).

PREFACE

This book primarily focuses on the importance of security in industries, universities,

and even at home. The author aims to educate the readers of this book about the practical
ways of securing different aspects of their lives. In addition, this book aims to serve as a
ground to teach Criminology students about the importance of security as a profession.
It is the product of the research and efforts of the author. In creating this book, the
author envisions helping Criminology and Criminal Justice students, and security
professionals better understand security concepts.
This book is wholeheartedly dedicated to all the members of the security
profession in the Philippines. This noble profession deserves more recognition than it
currently has. Thus, the author aims to help the members of the field excel and be
recognized.

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Introduction
Security is an essential part of life. Throughout time, people aim to secure their
properties and loved ones. Security is a factor that is often considered when choosing a
career, a place to live, and even food to eat. People have been wired to look for security
in various ways, including our relationships and prized possessions.
Lack of psychological safety can trigger unwanted emotions such as fear and
anxiety. These unwanted emotions may be wiped out when we feel secure and safe
towards our environment, the people around us, and the security measures applied in the
area. Moreover, efficient security is essential because it promotes peace of mind against
untoward incidents.
Therefore, it is essential to look at how security plays a vital role in our lives,
especially in our homes and businesses. Lastly, security is critical to the successful
operations of manufacturing and industrial sites.

Concept of Security

Se·cu·ri·ty /səˈkyo͝orədē/ is the state or quality of being secured. It is the freedom from
fear or danger, the feeling of assurance and certainty.

Other definitions of security

 Freedom from danger or risk
 Freedom from care or doubt
 Protection or defense
Security applied in commerce aims to safeguard assets, personnel, and the
organization's profitability against fraud, theft, fire, criminal damage, and terrorist attacks.
To successfully achieve these objectives, the employees and clients must follow efficient
formulation and implementation of rules and regulations.

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Four D’s of Security

Security is a broad aspect. Thus, security experts have created various
methodological tools and conceptual frameworks to employ in the area. These areas
consist of layers of defense, each providing a different security element.

Deter: it prevents crime by convincing the criminal that the target is too tough to attack.
Detect: If deterrence doesn’t work, the detection layer notifies that an attack occurs.
Delay: hardening the target with more challenging materials and security boxes.
Defeat: is the response layer where the security personnel or the police need to catch
the intruders.
The Relationship between Security and Safety

Security is highly connected with business profitability. Thus, companies ensure

that their security efforts are not put in vain. Security is applied to minimize losses to the
establishments in a business setting.
A type of loss is related to injury or harm to employees and clients of the business.
This aspect reveals the relationship between security and safety.

Safety is defined as the state of being free from harm, injury, danger, or damage.
To create a safe environment, the personnel must implement security measures suitable
for the establishment.
Safety is part and parcel of the objectives of security. However, safety focuses on
protecting people from harm or danger to differentiate the two. On the other hand, security
focuses on keeping the business free from losses, and it accomplishes this by protecting
the business establishment’s personnel and valuable property.

 Differentiate Security and Safety

 How can you create a safe environment suitable for students?

History of Private Security

In the early 18th century, law enforcement in England is inadequate. As a result,
large industries hire private law enforcers to secure the perimeter and guard the business.
These private law enforcers follow the company's protocols that employ them.

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Sir Robert Peel was born on February 5, 1788, in Bury, Lancashire, England. Peel
became England’s Home Secretary in 1822. During his term of office, he realized that law
enforcement in England needs improvement. Thus, he dedicated his time and law
enforcement expertise to reforming the criminal justice system.
During his term of office, Peel realized that part of the inadequacy was due to the
difference in law enforcement protocols followed across the country. That is not
surprising, considering that private entities hired law enforcers who created protocols
based on their own will. Peel wanted to develop a standard set of rules to guide law
enforcers.
He proposed to the House of Commons what was known as the Metropolitan
Police Act. The enactment of the Metropolitan Police Act formed the London Metropolitan
Police to prevent crimes. He founded the Metropolitan Police Service and applied the
well-crafted Policing Principles he learned from his years of experience as England’s
Home Secretary.
His distinguished contribution and efforts to improve policing reigned him the
Father of Modern Policing.
The principles of policing he introduced were applied in different parts of the world,
helping countless law enforcement agencies to improve their service. Decades after his
Policing Principles was introduced, law enforcement agencies across the globe still apply
his timeless principles.
As a result, the law enforcement agencies improved their way of policing and
dealing with crimes and criminals in the community.

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Sir Robert Peel’s Policing Principles

1. To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force
and severity of legal punishment.
2. To recognize always that the power of the police to fulfill their functions and duties
is dependent on public approval of their existence, actions, and behavior and on
their ability to secure and maintain public respect.
3. To secure and maintain the respect and approval of the public means to ensure
the willing cooperation of the people in securing observance of laws.
4. To recognize that the extent to which the public's cooperation can be secured
diminishes the necessity of using physical force and compulsion for achieving
police objectives proportionately.
5. To seek and preserve public favor, not by pandering to public opinion, but by
constantly demonstrating absolute impartial service to the law, in complete
independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the
substance of individual rules, by a ready offering of personal service and friendship
to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing, by
the ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humor, and by a ready offering of
individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life.
6. To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning
is found to be insufficient to obtain public cooperation to an extent necessary to
secure observance of the law or to restore order, and to use only the minimum
degree of physical force which is required on any particular occasion for achieving
a police objective.
7. To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic
tradition that the police are the public and that the people are the police, the police
being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties
which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and
existence.
8. To always recognize the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions
and refrain from seeming to usurp the judiciary's powers of avenging individuals or
the State and authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty.
9. To always recognize that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and
disorder, not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them.

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Allan Pinkerton established the first professional private security agency in 1851.
The Pinkerton Detective Agency originated in Chicago, Illinois. It grew its reputation and
became widely known in the United States. However, due to strike breaking and anti-
union activities, the agency suffered. To ensure that his father’s agency would not waste,
Robert Pinkerton took over and improved how they do business.
To this date, Pinkerton Inc. still operates as one of the largest private security
agencies in the world.

 What are the distinguished contributions of Sir Robert Peel and Allan Pinkerton?
 If given a chance, what will be your distinguished contribution in the field of law
enforcement?

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History of Security in the Philippines

Special Watchman Agency (March 11, 1933) the private security business began when
the Special Watchman Agency formally started its operation. It is the first licensed security
agency operated in the country. Later on, it was renamed “Jimenez Security Agency”
when the functions transferred to brothers Juan and Pedro Jimenez.

Philippine Association of Detectives and Protective Agency Operations (PADPAO)

was formally organized on May 30, 1958.

RA 5487 or “The Private Security Agency Law” was passed on June 13, 1969, through
the continuous lobbying of the incorporators and officers of PADPAO. This law sets the
standards and minimum requirements for the operations of security practitioners in the
Philippines.

P.D. 11 (October 3, 1972) widened the coverage of RA 5487 to include security guards
employed in logging concessions, agricultural, mining, and pasture lands.

P.D. 100 (January 17, 1973) broadened the coverage of the security industry to include
employees of the national or local government or any agency employed to watch or
secure government buildings and properties.

Dr. Jose B. Maniwang, WSO-CSSD known as the “Father of Philippine Security”. As

a single proprietor, he first established a private security agency, the National Intelligence
and Security Service, a business he thought of after World War II, being a war veteran
under the USAFFE. As the country recovered, various companies grew, and multiple
companies grew.

Supervisory Office for Security and

Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) General
Background

The SOSIA logo illustrates the Office’s

foundation and focus. It comprises the symbol and
the name depicting the true nature and origin of
the Office. The Sun depicts brightness that serves
as beacon of the industry.The Shield shows the Figure 1. Supervisory Office for Security and
Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) Official Logo
protective nature of the industry with the term

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“Steadfast” below the symbol of the security guard which means loyalty and unwavering
devotion to his duty.The three (3) stars represent the three (3) main Islands of the
Philippines, namely Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao. The Laurel leaves symbolizes peace
which the security guard helps enforce the rules and regulations in accordance with
policies and guidelines.

On 01 June 1969, Republic Act 5487 otherwise known as the “Private Security
Agency Law” was enacted making the Philippine Constabulary as the sole authority to
provide administrative services and general supervision over the management and
operations of all organize Private Security Agencies (PSAs), Company Guard Forces
(CGFs), Government Security Forces (GSFs) and their security guards. As such, the
control of Government Security Forces was removed from the NICA. In 04 August 1969,
a staff memo was issued by Headquarters, Philippine Constabulary (HPC), organizing
the Philippine Constabulary Security and Investigation Agency Supervisory Office
(PCSIASO) and later renamed to PC Supervisory Office for Security and Investigation
Agencies (PCSOSIA). And pursuant to GO No. 404 dated 29 June 1970, the office was
renamed to PC Supervisory Unit for Security and Investigation Agencies (PCSUSIA).

Pursuant to Memorandum 07-S96 dated 31 May 1996 the Security Agencies and
Guards Supervision Division (SAGSD) was created as one division under the Civil
Security Group (CSG) to exercise supervisory authority and implement the Rules and
Regulations embodied in RA 5487.

On Sep 25, 2009, SAGSD was renamed as the Supervisory Office for Security &
Investigation Agencies (SOSIA) thru General Orders #DPL-09-10.

NAPOLCOM RESOLUTION 321 dated 24 Nov 2010 approved GO# DPL-09-10

entitled “confirming the Restructuring of the PNP CSG”.

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Three Security Categories

1. Personnel Security ensures that the company only hires candidates best suited
for the job. Once employed, the employees are expected to align their security
roles to their goals. It is considered as the weakest link in the security chain.
Personnel security aims to provide a level of assurance as to the
trustworthiness, maturity, tolerance, and loyalty of the personnel.
A. Reduce the risk of loss, damage and compromise by providing
assurance about the suitability of personnel authorized to access
resources.
B. Create an environment where personnel are aware of the
responsibilities that come with that access and abide with their
obligations.
C. Minimize potential for misuse of resources through inadvertent or
deliberate unauthorized disclosure.
D. Support a culture of protective security.

Personnel Security Investigation is an inquiry into the character, reputation, discretion,

loyalty of an individual to determine a person’s suitability to receive security clearance.

National Agency Check (NAC) a process of checking files and records of an individual
from national agencies such as NICA, NBI, or the ISAFP or the J2 of the AFP.

Local Agency Check (LAC) a process which normally check past employment, school
records, and character references.

Background Investigation is a comprehensive investigation than the NAC and LAC. A

thorough and complete investigation of all or some of the circumstances or aspects of a
person’s life is conducted.

Complete Background Investigation (CBI) is a process of investigating the background

of an individual and all the circumstances of his personal life.

2. Information Security safeguards information, data, and ideas equivalent to the

company's success.
Official matter and information which requires protection shall be limited to
four categories of classification:

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(1) TOP SECRET- information and material (matter) the unauthorized disclosure
of which would cause exceptionally grove damage to the nation, politically, economically,
or from a securing aspect. This category is reserved for the nation’s closest secrets and
is to be used with great reserve.
(2) SECRET- information and material (matter) the unauthorized disclosure of
which would endanger national security, cause serious injury to the interest or prestige of
the nation or of any governmental activity or would be of great advantage to a foreign
nation.
(3) CONFIDENTIAL- information and material (matter) the unauthorized
disclosure of which, while not endangering the national security, would be prejudicial to
the interest or prestige of the nation or any government activity, or would cause
administrative embarrassment or unwarranted injury to an individual or would be of
advantage to a foreign nation.
(4) RESTRICTED- information and material (matter) which requires special
protection other than that determined to be TOP SECRET, SECRET or CONFIDENTIAL.

Information security must protect information throughout the life span of the
information- from the initial creation to its disposal. The information must be protected
while in motion and while at rest. During its lifetime, information may pass through many
different information processing systems and through many different parts of information
and information systems can be threatened. To fully protect the information during its
lifetime, each component of the information processing system must have its own
protection and mechanisms.
The building up, layering on, and overlapping of security measures is called
defense-in-depth. In contrast to a metal chain, the defense-in-depth aims at a structure
where, should one defensive measure fail, other measures will continue to provide
protection. Defense-in-depth can be conceptualized as three distinct layers on top of the
other.
3. Physical Security the broadest type concerned with the physical measures
applied to prevent access from unauthorized individuals. It also aims to protect the
facility against espionage, sabotage, theft, and damage. It is often referred to as
the foundation of security.

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Physical Security Systems for protected facilities are intended to:

1. Deter potential intruders (e.g. warning signs and perimeter markings)
2. Detect intrusions and monitor/ record intruders (e.g. CCTV and intruder alarms)
3. Trigger appropriate incident responses (e.g. security guards and police)

Security designers, architects, and analysts need to balance security controls

against risks, taking into account the costs of specifying, developing, testing,
implementing, using, managing, maintaining, and monitoring the controls. Physical
security measures that are appropriate in a business or establishment.

Types of Security
 Crisis Security protects rich people, industrial magnates, and political leaders
against kidnapping for economic, political, emotional, or nationalistic purposes.
 Airport and Seaport Security ensure that airports and seaports are safe for
passengers traveling from one place to another. The security personnel operates
X-ray and metal detectors to avoid the transport of contrabands and smuggled
goods.
 Communication Security (COMSEC) prevents unauthorized access to
telecommunications traffic or written information. Cryptographic security is one of
the disciplines of COMSEC.
 Bank Security is a specialized type of security that protects the assets, personnel,
and operations. Bank security personnel trains to protect the assets, especially
when in transit.
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 Industrial Security is the physical security applied in manufacturing, assembling,

and research industries.
 Operational Security is a part of physical security that protects formulas,
processes, patents, and other industrial and manufacturing activities.
 Computer or Cyber Security is developed for information systems in digital
devices such as computers. Potential threats include the destruction of computer
hardware and software.
 Personal or VIP Security involves protecting top-ranking officials, the
government, visiting persons of illustrious standing, and foreign dignitaries.

 Which type of security is most applicable in your area?

 Aside from the types of security mentioned and discussed above, search the other
types of security and explain its function or purpose.

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Security in the Philippine settings is not as glamorous as in other countries.

Security, as a profession, is always often overlooked. Many disregard the importance of
the security personnel in different establishments. Security guards are often portrayed as
lousy and lazy workers, which is inappropriate. These film portrayals and the isolated
cases showing crimes committed by security professionals don’t help change peoples’
perspectives towards security personnel.
In an establishment, a security unit is a critical unit that serves many functions, and
security guards often wear many hats in their tour of duty.

Essential Functions of Security Guards

1. Secures premises and personnel by patrolling property, monitoring

surveillance equipment, inspecting buildings, equipment, and access
points, permitting entry.

Patrolling perimeters
Patrolling is considered one of the primary functions of security personnel. The
security personnel assigned to patrol have to deal with the unpleasant and sometimes
monotonous task of roving around the perimeter of the building.

Purpose of Patrol
As one of security personnel's primary functions, patrolling has an essential
purpose. Thus, whether security personnel is guarding private or public property, he may
be tasked to conduct patrols.
1. To check trouble spots and prevent untoward incidents
2. To deter would-be criminals that may attack the premises
3. To report to the company management any untoward incidents such as violations
of company rules and regulations
4. To assist employees and clients with the following:
 Give information and direction to clients
 Locate lost or stolen items; and
 Assist in general matters
5. To preserve the law and prevent disorderly conduct by employees, clients, and
any unauthorized individuals on the premises

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How to Effectively Patrol?

Internal Patrol Methods

Almost all internal patrols are done by foot. It is conducted by day and night. Since
most companies operate in the daytime, the internal patrol methods are done in the
presence of employees. On the other hand, at night, the security personnel can conduct
internal patrol without the employees. The security personnel can easily roam around the
premises to check possible problem areas that are not noticeable in the daytime.

External Patrol Methods

Three Major Functions of External Patrol Methods

One: To make sure that all access control systems and locking devices are working
Two: To observe any activities that violate laws or company rules; and
Three: To discourage any potential criminal activity from outsiders
The security personnel checks the parking lots, fence perimeters, storage areas,
doors, windows, and loading docks in external patrol. The security personnel can also
check adjacent creeks or rivers where outsiders can hide while waiting for the opportunity
to attack.
The external patrol may be more challenging than the internal patrol. When
conducting external patrol, the security personnel is exposed to harsh and changing
weather conditions.

2. Obtains help by sounding alarms.

Depending on the property or business, the security guard ensures obtaining or
asking for help when needed. While most businesses and establishments have security
alarms, this will only work when triggered or operated by the security guard.
Thus, if the establishment guard needs assistance from the fire department, law
enforcement agency, or medical facility, the security guard assigned needs to be
efficient in sounding the alarm.

3. Prevents losses and damage by reporting irregularities, informing violators

of policy and procedures, restraining trespassers.
Unlike the local law enforcement agencies like the Philippine National Police,
security guards assigned in businesses have to follow each company’s security
protocols and guidelines. These companies have their standard operating procedures

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based on different factors. Of course, the security guard must be familiar with national
laws and regulations and the specific standard operating procedures of the company.
Doing so will help the security guard report irregularities to the proper authority.

4. Controls traffic by directing drivers.

When guarding establishments like malls, hospitals, schools, and other public
places, the security guard should be knowledgeable in directing the traffic flow. As the
establishment’s security guard, they are expected to assist the drivers or clients that
have to do their business in that establishment. Also, the security guard needs to assist
other drivers who may pass near the establishment of the assignment.

Traffic Control
A. Pedestrian- control the people passing by the establishment. You may direct the
people to alternative routes if needed.
B. Vehicle- direct the vehicle for parking or control the vehicle's movement before
entering and exiting the site.

5. Completes reports by recording observations, information, occurrences,

and surveillance activities; interviewing witnesses; obtaining signatures.
A security guard must be well-versed in creating narrative reports. A security
report does more than just documenting a notable incident. A security report can be
turned over to law enforcement officials when investigating a case or be used in a trial if
the suspect is charged.

Preparing Your Security Guard Report

Before starting security report writing, a good amount of preparation needs to be
done. Interviews should be conducted, and evidence should be gathered before writing
a security guard report.
How to Write a Security Report
Once you have the needed information, you can write your security guard report.
If your business has a template to use, work from that. If not, write in a narrative form
that reads like a story, complete sentences, and paragraphs.
Some good rules of thumb when writing an incident/security report are to:
 Stick to the facts and not insert your opinions.
 Be descriptive and detailed.
 Use quotes from witnesses, victims, and suspects when possible.

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 Write in plain language so that anyone reading the report can easily
understand it.
 Be concise in your writing and only include relevant information.
 Write your report as though you are telling a story to someone to have a
logical flow.
 Write in the third person to avoid any confusion.
 Be sure to correct typography and fix grammatical errors.

6. Maintains the organization’s stability and reputation by complying with

legal requirements.
One of the reasons security guards must be familiar with the country's laws and
regulations is to comply with various legal requirements. The establishment's rules and
regulations must also align with the laws applicable in the Philippines. If the
establishment sets policies against the land laws, the security guard must identify which
should be enforced.

7. Ensures equipment operation by completing preventive maintenance

requirements, following manufacturer’s instructions, troubleshooting
malfunctions, calling for repairs, evaluating new equipment and
techniques.
A security guard is a man of different hats. However, it doesn’t mean that they have
to do everything. For instance, a security guard patrolling the building may notice a leak
in the water pipe. Even though he is the first person at the scene, he is not required to fix
it. Instead, the security guard’s task in scenarios like this is to report the incident to their
supervisor to call the appropriate professional for such repairs.

 What are the other duties and responsibilities of a security guard?

 Among the functions mentioned above, which is the most important?

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Theories of Crime Prevention and Reduction

Criminologist Peter Lejins has identified three (3) major categories of crime
prevention (Bustein, 1994):

1. Punitive crime prevention involves using the threat of punishment to deter

people from committing offenses;
2. Corrective crime prevention emphasizes helping people change so that they will
not commit another offense; and
3. Mechanical crime prevention involves placing obstacles in the path of the would-
be offender to make the commission of crime difficult.

Situational Crime Prevention

It is aimed at convincing would-be criminals to avoid specific targets. It relies on
the doctrine that crime can be avoided if motivated offenders are denied access to
suitable targets. When people install security systems in their homes or hire security
guards, they are broadcasting the message that “guardianship is great here, stay away,
the potential reward is not worth the risk of appreciation” (Ricks, 1994).
This theory suggests that because criminal activity is offense-specific, crime
prevention or crime reduction should be achieved through policies that convince potential
criminals to desist from criminal activities, delay their actions, or avoid a particular target
(Ricks, 1994).
According to this theory, criminal acts will be avoided if
 potential targets are carefully guarded;
 the means to commit crime are controlled; and
 potential offenders are carefully monitored.

Defensible Space Theory

Jane Jacobs and Oscar Newman (2000) proposed what is known as the
defensible-space theory. Its basic tenet is that physical design can either foster or inhibit
people’s latent sense of control and responsibility for the space they live. Proponents of
the defensible-space theory believe that land use characteristics and the design of
streets, buildings, and outside areas can affect crime through informal social control.
Defensible space designates an area that can be reasonably protected. If the
target is a person, then it would refer to the space needed to allow the person to defend
themselves from attack. If the target is a building, it will refer to the space needed to
defend the building.

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We should note that a building flush with other buildings or has walls in common
is vulnerable to attack because an intruder can enter the target building through the
adjoining building.
The concept of defensible space may be made vivid by describing the size and
placement of the doors. The entrance to a door should not be so broad that a group of
criminals could rush a lone door guard and get into the building. At the same time, it
should be wide enough or located so that a person can see whether or not someone is
hiding and preparing to attack (Ricks, 1994).

Opportunity Theory
Proponents of the opportunity theory agree that physical design may affect crime
but attribute its effect to accessibility, ease of entry and exit, surveillability, and the number
of targets, offenders, and witnesses in a given locale.
The ability to protect and secure any facility or building depends significantly upon
the environment and general location of the structure to be protected.
Immediately adjacent to and encircling a facility, the surrounding area is the
perimeter. Most often, the value of the goods, the nature of the operation, the desired
confidentially, and existing threats to the assets of a business or industrial process require
that the perimeter be secured.
However, the security of a facility declines as accessibility to that facility increases.
Also, as security precautions are increased, the cost to management increases, as does
the inconvenience to employees, patrons, and management. The value and related
vulnerability of the protected assets should be significant determining factors (Ricks,
1994).

Concept of Physical Barriers

Physical barriers are structural obstructions that serve as a roadblock to prevent
unauthorized individuals from entering a secure zone. A perimeter barrier should be
constructed in as a straight line as possible, especially for concrete walls that might be
used for concealment.
There must be a clear zone of at least 20-50 feet inside and outside the installation.
A CLEAR ZONE is free from view obstruction inside and outside the installation.
The choice of physical barriers to construction is also influenced by natural barriers
such as waterways, cliffs, or adjacent properties and activities. Aside from that, choosing
a physical barrier may also vary depending on the value of the items or properties that
need to be protected.

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In rural areas, farm lot owners may rely on sub-standard or simple barriers made
of light materials to define the property's perimeters.

Types of Fences
Fences are usually used as perimeter barriers around large areas. The type of
fence used will depend on the permanence, appearance, and degree of security.

Figure 2. Chain-link fence used in farm lots.

Chain-link fence consists of wires, usually diamond-shaped. Chain link fence

poses less of a safety hazard than other fences because it does not have barbs, yet their
small opening prevents intrusion. It is easy and inexpensive to maintain.
The chain-link fence is used in farm lots to define the perimeters. Many
homeowners also use the chain-link fence as a temporary barrier to secure the premises.
Those who want to use a chain-link fence to establish a more secure barrier opt to
use a chain-link attached on top of concrete walls. This design provides a semi-
permanent barrier that is still cost-effective and easy to install.

Things to Consider in Constructing a Chain Link Fence

 It must be constructed at least 8 feet tall, excluding the top guard.
 It must be nine-gauge or heavier.
 The mesh opening is not larger than 2 inches.
 It should be securely fastened to rigid metal or reinforced concrete.
 It must be within 2 inches of hard ground or paving.
 The fence must be topped by a top-guard (45˚ angle or V-shaped).

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 The fence should be buried at least 2 inches, or a strong wire should be woven
through the lowest section to inhibit an attempt to go under the fence.

Figure 3. Barbed wire fence is another inexpensive and effective perimeter fence used in wide areas

A barbed-wire fence comprises 12-gauge wire with 4 points of barbs spaced an equal
distance apart. This type of perimeter fence is seldom used due to its unsightliness and
danger of inflicting wounds on those who encounter it.
When this is used to mark boundaries, it should be approximately five feet high and
consist of three or four tightly stretched strands attached on firmly embedded posts
standing from six to ten feet apart. The strands should be spaced at 2 inches from the
bottom, gradually increasing to six inches at the top.

Specifications in the installation of barbed wire

 Standard barbed wire is twisted, double-strand, 12-gauge wire, with 4-point barbs
spaced on equal distance apart.
 Barbed wire fencing must firmly affix to posts, excluding the top guard.
 The distance between strands should not exceed 6 inches from the top and 2
inches at the bottom.

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Barbed Type (concertina wire) is a type of wire fence wherein the barbed wire is rolled
into a 2 to 5 feet diameter coil, clipped together at the interval, and used as a barrier to
secure a perimeter or roadway.

Figure 4. Barbed Type (Concertina Wire) is commonly used in factories, correction or prison facilities, and industrial plants
where medium to maximum security is applied

 When used as a barrier, effectiveness can be increased by laying one roll on top
of two other rolls or laying two rolls side by side, giving the barrier added length
and or width.
 The roll of barbed wire should be anchored to the ground periodically with ground
stakes when more than one roll is used in conjunction with another.
 Concertina wire is one of the most challenging barriers to penetrate because it is
incredibly flexible and affix with exceedingly sharp barbs.
 This type of barrier is a highly mobile barrier that can be deployed quickly with
minimal effort in emergencies.
 This type of fence is commonly used as a top guard atop a chain link security fence
instead of barbed wire.
 It is also an on-ground barrier either to the interior of a fence or solid perimeter
barrier or between a double perimeter fence and solid barrier line.

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Types of Perimeter Barriers

Natural Barriers
Natural barriers are natural topographic features that lend themselves to denying
or hindering access to an installation. These features may be either positive or negative
in quality. The presence of rivers, seas, cliffs, canyons, or other terrains difficult to traverse
may provide a security barrier or a deterrent or pose difficulty in securing an installation.

Figure 5. The Sierra Madre or the "backbone of Luzon" has been protecting the island against typhoons for centuries

In making a natural topographic feature a security barrier, these features must be

both individually and collectively evaluated to determine what they provide in the way of
security. No less important, what they provide to assist the intruder in his approach or
penetration must be determined. A natural topographic feature will seldom independently
provide a usable security barrier. Therefore, security personnel must construct a physical
security system that will both exploit the natural features and overcome those hazards
incidental to the natural features.

Structural Barriers
A structural barrier is a permanent or semi-permanent structure that leads itself
to deny or hinder access to an installation. It does not include those safeguards provided
by classified document accounting and administration.
The structural barrier differs from the natural barrier only in its creation. While the
natural barrier is a feature already existing or developing without human guidance or
control, the structural barrier is created by man to fulfill a purpose. In some cases, the

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structural barrier is constructed primarily to deny an espionage or sabotage agent access.

In other cases, the primary purpose of constructing this barrier may have been protected
from the elements. Structural barriers will include, but need not be limited to, fences,
buildings, surfaces, building openings, containers, and locking devices.

Human Barriers
A human barrier is a human being used in providing or partially providing a
guarding system. A guarding system is the systematic employment of humans or animals
as barriers between the potential intruder and the matter to be protected. The human
guard gives an alarm if a situation arises that would threaten security; apprehends an
unauthorized person; identifies personnel entering or leaving an area or any combination
of the three.
Guarding personnel can be divided into two general types.
 Those persons assigned for guarding duties as a primary function.
 By the nature of their location or as an additional duty, those persons fulfill a
security function.

Animal Barriers
An animal barrier is an animal used
in partially providing a guarding system.
Although many types of animals could be
employed, we use, almost exclusively, the
German dog. Dogs so trained and utilized
are termed either guard dogs or sentry
dogs. A sentry dog is a valuable adjunct to
guard forces for several reasons. Its sense
of smell and hearing is vastly superior to
that of a human being. A noise audible to a Figure 6. Turkey is one of the popular animal barrier used by
factories and industrial plants
dog at 26 yards may not be heard by a
human at six yards.

Building Surface Security

Every building can be intruded from six directions: the roof, the flooring, and the
four sides (doors, windows, and various entrances such as fire escapes, vents, delivery
or trash portals, and storm sewers). Thus, securing these portions of the house or building
is essential.

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Roofs

Figure 7. A residential home has many point of entry that must be checked and secure.

Most office complexes, hospitals, shopping malls, apartment buildings, and

commercial facilities have flat roofs. Such roofs are faster and more economical to build
than pitched roofs. They are easier to maintain and provide areas for helicopter landing
pads, roof gardens, restaurants, etc. However, flat roofs are also present a greater
security risk. It is challenging for a security officer to detect someone crawling across or
hiding on the roof.
Another consideration is the roof’s location concerning the other buildings.
Security officers need to know if a criminal could obtain access to the roof from adjacent
buildings. Furthermore, the area adjacent to the building should be clear of obstructions
so that criminals cannot hide ladders, ropes, cranes, or other climbing tools.
Flooring
Criminals have been known to enter buildings by digging tunnels underneath the
foundations and breaking through the floor. It is especially true when one building is
connected to another or an overgrown landscape can hide the criminal’s activity. Crawl
spaces, vents, storm sewers, and trash portals are other ways of gaining access through
the flooring.
Doors
Statistics have shown that in 50 percent of all illegal entries, criminals have gained
access to a building through one of the doors. Thus, a high-priority concern of
environmental design is the placement and construction of doors.

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Many main entrances of office buildings are hidden behind a large wall bearing the
corporation's name. While such a wall may be aesthetically pleasing and suitable for
advertising, it presents a high-security risk. Doors that cannot easily be seen from a
distance or the street pose the most incredible invitation to criminals. Because the doors
are hidden, it is much easier for a burglar to enter them without being detected.
The best exterior doors are made of metal, and their entryways should be well lit.
The door should be secured with a dead bolt, a horizontal retaining bar, and an alarm
system. Door frames and hinges also deserve attention.
Garage doors are also a security concern. For maximum security, they should be
constructed of metal. The lock should consist of sliding metal bars on either side of the
door. The door should also be secured with padlocks.
Windows
Next to doors, windows are the second most frequent illegal entry point. The
popular sliding glass windows found in many residences and buildings today are easy to
break. If possible, all windows should be eliminated on the ground level in high crime
areas. If such measures are not possible, all windows should be secured with bars, heavy
screens, chain links, and alarm systems. However, even bars and grates can be pried off
the face of the building if they are not installed correctly.
As with doors, the placement of windows and window locks is also an essential
consideration in environmental design. Windows located in cubbyholes and out-of-the-
way places provide opportunities for criminals to gain access without being noticed.
Criminals should not break the glass and then reach in to open the lock.
Miscellaneous Entrances
Security officers must realize that all various entrances, no matter how small, need
to be checked and secured. Criminals have been known to use children to crawl through
a small opening into a building and then open a door or window.

History of Locks
Locks have been widely used in ancient times to secure the property of our
ancestors. Archaeological digs have uncovered Egyptian pin locks dating to
approximately 3,000 years. These ancient locks were wooden and required large keys
carried over the shoulder.
The oldest known example was found in the ruins of the palace of Khorsabad near
Nineveh. Although molded from wood and quite large by today’s standards, the ancient
locking devices of both the Egyptians and the Chinese utilized the same element and
positioning of parts that are basic to modern locks.

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The earliest patent for a double-acting pin tumbler lock was granted to American
physician Abraham O. Stansbury in England in 1805. However, the modern version, still
in use today, was invented by American Linus Yale, Sr. in 1848. But, other famous
locksmiths patented their lock designed before and after Linus.
Robert Barron
The first serious attempt to improve the lock's security was made in 1778 in
England. Robert Barron patented a double-acting tumbler lock.
Joseph Bramah
Joseph Bramah patented the safety lock in 1784. Bramah's lock was considered
unpickable. The inventor created a Hydrostatic Machine, a beer pump, the four-cock, a
quill-sharpener, a working planer, and more.
James Sargent
In 1857, James Sargent invented the world's first successful key-changeable
combination lock. His lock became popular with safe manufacturers and the United States
Treasury Department. In 1873, Sargent patented a time lock mechanism that became the
prototype used in contemporary bank vaults.
Samuel Segal
Mr. Samuel Segal (former New York City policeman) invented the first jimmy proof
locks in 1916. Segal holds over twenty-five patents.
Harry Soref
Soref founded the Master Lock Company in 1921 and patented an improved
padlock. In April 1924, he received a patent (U.S #1,490,987) for his new lock casing.
Soref made a padlock that was both strong and cheap using a case constructed out of
metal layers, like the doors of a bank vault. He designed his padlock using laminated
steel.

Linus Yale Sr.

Linus Yale invented a pin-tumbler lock in 1848. His son improved upon his lock
using a more minor, flat key with serrated edges that is the basis of the modern pin-
tumbler locks.
Linus Yale Jr. (1821 to 1868)
American Linus Yale Jr. was a mechanical engineer and lock manufacturer who
patented a cylinder pin-tumbler lock in 1861. Yale invented the modern combination lock
in 1862.

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Types of Locks
When looking at purchasing locks for a home or business, many options can be
overwhelming. Although many locks are, the four most common are padlocks, deadbolts,
knob locks, and levers.
Padlock
Padlocks are the only type of
lock that is typically not permanently
attached to anything else. Padlocks
come in a range of sizes, are free-
standing and portable, and are one of
the most easily recognizable types of
lock. Padlocks came in two main
varieties: combination and keyed.

Combination locks have

several dials that open when the correct
combination is entered. They are often
easy to decode or shim open.
Keyed padlocks have several
options to consider.
Padlocks can be key-retaining or non-key-retaining. A key-retaining padlock does
not allow the key to be removed while the padlock is open. Finally, padlocks can have a
shrouded shackle. This is an extension of the body where the shoulders of the padlock
raise the sides of the shackle to make it far harder for bolt cutters to cut the padlock.

Deadbolt
Deadbolts are generally installed on external doors and have more options to
consider than padlocks. Deadbolts come in three primary varieties: single, double, and
lockable thumb-turn. They use a key
cylinder on the outside and a thumb turn
(rosary) on the inside to open or close
the lock.

A double cylinder deadbolt uses

a key cylinder on the inside and outside
the door to solve this issue used in a
residential situation. It is strongly

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recommended that a key be left on the inside when people are present to ensure a safe
exit in an emergency.

Knob Lock
Knob locks are frequently installed in residential
situations on exterior doors in addition to deadbolts
and are sometimes used as the primary source of
security for doors. First and foremost, it should be said
that knob locks should virtually never be used for
security on external doors. The problem lies in the lock
cylinder's lock being in the knob itself and not the door.

Lever Handle Lock

Lever handle locks are frequently used for
inner doors in commercial settings. They are
easier to open than knob locks as they have a
significant pushdown style handle rather than a
knob that one must grasp and turn.
Levers can frequently target torque attacks
(excessive pressure applied to the handle to try
and force the lock). Some levers are "clutch"
levers, meaning they just turn rather than apply
pressure to the lock if they are forced.

Cam Lock
Cam locks are used in various
applications but are most frequently
found in filing cabinets, mailboxes,
and lower security OEM applications.
They come in several different
lengths and can use a variety of
tailpieces or “cams” to interface with
another locking mechanism.

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Rim/ Mortise Lock

Rim cylinder and Mortise cylinder
locks are frequently found on commercial,
entry glass, and apartment doors. While rim
locks are very similar to mortise locks, the
actual hardware they are used on
dramatically differs. Rim cylinder locks are
generally used in rim latch locks mounted on
the inside of the door.
Rim cylinder locks always have a
long metal piece extending out the rear of
the lock that runs through the door into a
locking mechanism on the opposite side of
the door. Rim locks are held in place by two
screws from the inside.
By contrast, mortise cylinder locks
are threaded and screwed into mortise hardware mounted within the door. They are held
in place by a set screw and utilize a cam to actuate the locking hardware.

Euro Profile Cylinder

Euro profile cylinders (sometimes called DIN cylinders) are frequently used in
locking devices in Europe and other parts of the world. They are also used in North
America in some sliding glass door locks and room dividing doors. They come in several
varieties: single cylinder (one-sided), double cylinder (locking cylinder on each side), and
single-cylinder with thumb turn (locking cylinder on one side and a thumb turn on the
other).

The euro profile cylinder is a fairly

standard form factor. The exterior (and
optionally interior) lengths vary, but the rest
of the dimensions are relatively standard.
Euro profile cylinders are held in place by a
single screw that runs through the middle of
the cylinder in most applications. Due to this
single small attach point, the euro profile
cylinder can be quickly snapped off the door
if it is not of proper length or reinforced.

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Wall-Mounted Lock
Wall-mounted locks are locks that
are mounted on the wall. The most
common wall-mounted lock type would be
the Knox-Box or fireman's box style lock
found in many larger businesses as
emergency access to the building's keys.
Wall-mounted locks can be used for more
than just key storage.
Most wall locks can be mounted on
a variety of wall surfaces. Frequently wall
locks will be mounted with covers or alarm
sensors to allow networking into the
building's security system.

Interchangeable Core (IC) Cylinder

Interchangeable Core Cylinders are
frequently used in larger institutions and
businesses. They are known for their
effortless ability to re-key the lock by
swapping out the core without taking the
lock apart. I/C Locks have two types of keys
that work in the lock, the standard operator
key locks and unlock the lock like normal,
while the control key, when used, pulls the entire core of the lock out without removing
any screws.
It is beneficial when upgrading locks since the door hardware can be left alone.
The lock cores are replaced with new ones allowing the door to be upgraded in seconds.

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Furniture Lock
This category of locks covers a
variety of locks, including the cabinet, desk,
and sliding door locks. There are two
primary styles of furniture lock, bolt style
and push-button style. Bolt-style furniture
locks have a piece of flat metal that
extends out the side of the lock to secure
the device.
Push-button-style locks have a rod
that comes out the back of the lock to
secure things in place. When the lock is
unlocked, it pops out, retracting the rod into
the lock body. A few of their typical
applications are filing cabinets and sliding
doors.

Vending/T-Handle Lock
These locks are primarily found in
vending machines and T-Handle locks, although
sometimes used in other applications. T-Handle
locks are frequently straightforward to replace,
as when you open the device and pull the t-
handle lock out.
When closing the device, placing a new
T-handle lock back is necessary to complete the
upgrade.

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Jimmy-Proof Deadbolt
Jimmy proof deadbolts are a surface
mount product frequently found on apartments
and double doors. They are sometimes
preferred due to the minimal door modifications
required. They are also unique as the deadbolt
interlocks with the jamb bracket preventing it
from being pulled apart or forced quickly from
the outside. A surface-mount lock means the
lock screws into the inside of the door rather
than having a complex drill pattern like a
standard deadbolt.

Rim Latch Lock

A rim latch lock has a standard or custom rim
cylinder, and a surface mounts latch lock on the other.
Rim latch locks can auto-lock the door behind you and
are prevalent in some apartment complexes. Rim latch
locks are generally not meant to take a large amount of
force but can be paired with other locks when used on
an external door.

Key-In Knob (KIK) Cylinder

A Key in Knob cylinder is generally
found at the heart of most knobs, levers,
and some sliding glass doors. A KIK
cylinder is generally hidden inside the lock,
with only the circular face of the lock being
visible.
Frequently, when you take the lock
apart (knob/deadbolt/etc.), you will find a
KIK cylinder held in place with a screw.
Unfortunately, while KIK cylinders all look
similar, there are no standard
specifications for their design. It can make replacing one cylinder with another of a
different brand (or a high-security model) challenging.

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 Which type of lock is most suitable in your home?

Types of Physical Assaults Applied to Locks

1. Picking. A method by which the lock’s tumblers are manipulated through the
keyhole with small tools made for this purpose is called picking.

2. Carding or Loading. It is the action of slipping or shimmying a spring bolt with

a piece of celluloid. The spring-loaded latch, which does not resist end pressure, is
particularly susceptible to carding or loading.

3. Jacking. It is the action of placing an ordinary car jack horizontally between the
doorjambs and applying pressure.

4. Jimmying and Prying. These are activities accomplished by using crowbars,

small jimmy bars, large screwdrivers, or other metal tools to pry the door away from its
frame or break the locking mechanism. Vertical locking devices will usually offer more
excellent resistance to jimmying than horizontal locking devices.

5. Smashing. It is a physical assault on a door. It can range from the door's

destruction to breaking a glass panel in the door.

6. Drilling. This involves using a drill to destroy the locking mechanism, especially
the pin tumblers, discs, etc.

7. Wrenching. It is a technique used to force or break a key-in-the-knob lock

device open. Using a pipe wrench applied to the knob, enough force can break the locking
mechanism.

8. Hinge pin removal. It is another method of bypassing a locked door. Hinges

should be located on the interior side of the door.

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 What can you do to ensure that the locks are in tip-top condition?
 Explain how to avoid locks from being destroyed by physical assault.

Factors to Consider when Choosing Security Lights

Size. Where you put lights and how many lights are used will depend in part on
the size of the objects being secured. Larger objects need less light than smaller objects.

Brightness. Brightness is the reflective quality of an object or building. Objects

painted white to reflect more light, thus requiring less light than objects painted black.
Coarsely textured objects tend to diffuse light, thus requiring more lights than smooth-
surfaced objects.

Contrast. It refers to the shape and color of objects to the shape and color of the
background environment. The greater the contrast, the less light is needed.

Crowded areas need more light so that the security officer can distinguish objects
and identify any problems. Spaces that are flat and wide-open need less light because
they do not conceal intruders.

Types of Security Lighting

The type of security lighting system depends on the overall security requirements
of the company or establishment.

Continuous/ Stationary Lighting

Continuous/ Stationary Lighting is the most common protective lighting system,
consisting of a series of fixed lighting arranged to flood a given area continuously. This
kind of lighting is excellent not only for deterring intruders but also for helping you see
your way around your property at night.

Note: The glare projection lighting method is proper where the glare of lights directed
across the surrounding territory won’t interfere with adjacent operations.

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Controlled Lighting
The Controlled Lighting is best used if you need to limit the width of the lighted
strip outside the perimeter fence.

Standby Lighting
The Standby Lighting is similar to a continuous lighting system. However, it
primarily serves as a supplemental system that may start automatically or manually
when the security personnel or alarm systems detect suspicious activity.
The Standby Lighting can be used in areas where a low level of security is
needed. It is a cost-effective and efficient security lighting system applicable in different
establishments.

Purpose of Security Lighting

 Security lighting provides sufficient illumination to areas during hours of darkness.
 It improves visibility so that intruders can be seen, identified, or apprehended.
 It gives psychological fear, a deterrent to thieves, pilferers, trespassers, and
saboteurs.
 It makes easier the routine work of guards in identifying employers, vehicles, and
other objects during nighttime.
 If placed in certain areas, lighting may even reduce the number of stationary
guards, and instead, may require only roving patrols at night.

Techniques in Security Lighting

Security lighting should enable a guard to observe the activities around and inside
the premises within his jurisdiction. In planning, high contrast between intruder and
background should be provided. When contrast is poor, the increased intensity will
improve the guard’s ability to see.
Lighting boundaries and approaches and the area and structure are helpful to
discourage unauthorized entries and reveal the identity of persons. Good lighting should
reveal healthy boundaries, glaring to intruders, and be adequate for the guard to observe
his position.
Adequate lighting should deter or discourage attempts to enter the premises and
make detection likely if entry is attempted. If lighting at night cannot be provided due to
impracticability, other means of protection have to be made, like other guard posts, roving
patrols, and animal guards.

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Preventive Maintenance of Lighting Systems

Any security system needs proper maintenance, and security lightings make no
exception. To ensure that it is working, the security unit needs to check the lighting system
and conduct preventive maintenance.
1. Make periodic inspections of all electrical circuits to replace or repair damaged
parts, tighten connections, and check the insulation.
2. Keep the light bulbs clean and replace those that are filled with scratches.
3. Ensure that the lighting system installed can cover the area intended to be
illuminated.

 Choose and explain which among the types of security lighting is suitable in your
home.

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Electronic alarm systems are broadly used in residential, commercial, corporate

workplaces, and shopping centers. These systems are also used in many public places
like railway stations, hospitals, schools, etc. Electronic alarm systems are widely used
because of the advantages it provides, and it helps deter criminals from doing illegal
activities. The electronic alarm system provides video recording and fire detection
security.

Electronic Access Control (EAC) is a component of a security system best

known for issuing ID cards that replace the conventional keys used to operate locking
systems.

Three General Categories of Security Alarm Systems

1. Local alarm system. It is a localized alarm system. The alarms alert the neighbors
and may scare away a would-be intruder. It sounds like a bell or siren whenever an
intruder trips the alarm in a particular place. It is best used to control access when a
building or facility is located in a populated area and used in small companies, offices,
homes, and those who could not afford an extensive intrusion detector system.
The sensor activates either a visual signal, audible signal, or both. This system
requires that someone be present at, or at least very near the facility at all times if an
immediate response is necessary.

2. Central Alarm System. It is a centralized alarm system operated by an off-site

security company. A radio link, wire, or regular telephone line may connect the remotely
located user. When the alarm company receives an alarm, a guard is usually dispatched
to the scene to evaluate the situation. If an actual intrusion occurs, the local police are
immediately notified.

3. Central Proprietary Alarms. It is owned and monitored by individuals,

businesses, or facilities. The systems are monitored on an alarm panel by a security
officer. When the alarm goes off, the panel indicates where the problem occurred. The
security officer checks the problem and calls law enforcement personnel if necessary.

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 When the alarm system is armed, and a door is opened why does the alarm system
not triggered immediately?
 Why do some motion sensors cause false detections?
 If there is power interruption, will an electric alarm system still work? Explain how!

Internal Features of Alarm System

The interior features of alarm systems are composed of five essential components:

1. Sensory Device
Sensory devices initiate alarm signals due to sensing the stimulus or condition to
which they are designed to react. Depending on the type of sensor, it may react to sound,
motion, vibration, stress, heat, or smoke.

2. Control Unit
The control unit is the terminating point for all sensors and switches in the alarm
system. It can be designed to have various capabilities, from a simple on-off switch to a
complicated set of sensors and switches divided into zones and functions. Control units
are usually housed in heavy, steel, tamper-resistant containers.

3. Annunciator
The annunciator is a visual and audible signaling device that indicates activation
of the alarm systems. Selection of the appropriate annunciation for an alarm system
depends upon two factors:

a) the circumstances and location of the alarm system; and

b) the desired or required orientation of the alarm system.

The location of a facility or the availability of alarm services often mandates that
either a local alarm or remote, silent alarm be employed. When choosing the type of
annunciation, particularly with an intrusion detection system, one must choose between
an apprehension-oriented system (the silent alarm) and a deterrent (oriented system (the
local alarm).
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4. Power Source
The primary power source for alarm systems is obtained from commercial power
sources. The 110-volt alternative current is transformed, rectified, and filtered to provide
a direct current of the proper voltage to the alarm system. Thus, alarm systems depend
on an electrical power source for proper operation. If the commercial power source is
disrupted, an excellent backup power source (dry cell or rechargeable storage batteries)
is essential for any alarm system.

5. Alarm Circuits
The alarm circuit transmits signals from the sensors to the control unit, transmitting
signals to the local or remote annunciator/receiving unit. Alarm systems are wired as
“open” or “closed” circuits.

Open Circuit. It is a line that does not have an uninterrupted flow of current present
until a switch or relay is closed to complete the circuit.
Closed Circuit. It is a line with current flowing through it, and any change in this
flow may initiate an alarm signal.

Types of Security Alarm System

1. Electric Current Alarm System

Electric Current Alarm System is the most basic monitoring tool. It can only monitor
entry points like doors and windows. An electric current alarm system is often installed
when a home is being built.
With these systems, a low-voltage electrical circuit flows between two points. If
doors and windows are shut, the current flows easily. But, if they are opened, the circuit
is disrupted, and an audible beep is triggered.

2. Wired Alarm System

A wired security system relies on a landline phone connection to transmit signals
to a monitoring center. While it supports basic monitoring capabilities, there is a threat of
physical onsite wires being cut or destroyed, rendering the system ineffective.
For this reason, cellular backup is recommended to prevent weather or other
landline interference.
Wired alarm systems are best used in more extensive facilities. Distance isn't a
factor when control panels and sensors are connected using wires. Wired systems are

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also harder to hack, so they’re generally considered slightly more secure than wireless
systems.

3. Wireless Alarm System

Wireless alarm systems are what they suggest—security systems without wires.
These alarm systems typically use a control panel and sensors connected with built-in
radio frequency transmitters.
Once the alarm system is triggered, a signal is transmitted to the control panel,
activating the alarm. Some benefits of wireless systems are that they allow for remote
system management through a mobile device and integrate with other intelligent home
functionality like lights, video surveillance, and thermostats.

4. Unmonitored Alarm System

Unmonitored systems, also known as “local” alarms, rely on you or someone near
the property to alert the authorities of an emergency. Audible and visual alarms are
triggered whenever your system is tripped with an unmonitored system.
Unmonitored systems are typically a less expensive option compared to monitored
systems. However, unmonitored systems don’t provide the same level of protection, as
they do not notify a monitoring center of your emergency for subsequent first responder
dispatch. Even if the alarm sends an alert directly to your phone, you may be unable to
respond if you have bad cell reception or are away from your device.

5. Monitored Alarm System

A monitored alarm system helps ensure that authorities are notified quickly in the
event of a break-in. It is because monitored alarm systems alert both the security
personnel and monitoring center operators when an alarm is triggered.
Depending on the type of system in place, the alarm can be triggered by opening
an entryway, movement in the establishment via motion sensors, a loud sound via
acoustic sensors, or manually. The monitoring center will then verify the alarm and
dispatch emergency services if needed.

The Problems of False Alarm

Although alarm systems have been proven effective in deterring and apprehending
intruders, they are subject to some inherent issues. A traditional and still-to-be-resolved
problem is that of false alarms. It is estimated that from 90 to 98 percent of all alarms
transmitted are false. Research suggests that false burglar alarms result from three
leading causes:

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 User error or negligence includes using incorrect keypad codes, leaving a door
or window open when activating the alarm, roaming pets or helium balloons, and
errors arising from inadequate employee training, such as entering and exiting
alarmed premises incorrectly
 Faulty or inappropriately selected equipment. The security alarm must be
suitable for the type of establishment where it will be installed. For instance, motion
detector alarms are not suitable in areas where clients can roam around.
 Poor installation. Security alarms are popularly used in different types of
establishments. It is relatively easy to install and operate. However, not everyone
is capable and knowledgeable of installing it correctly. Thus, it’s best to call in a
professional when using a security alarm. The do-it-yourself installation often leads
to faulty or sometimes inappropriately installed security alarms.

 How to avoid problems of false alarm?

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What is a Risk?
Risk is a financial loss to an enterprise, business, or organization—the variations
between actual and expected results or the probability that a loss event will happen.
Risk is generally classified as:
a) Speculative Risk- a category of risk that, when undertaken, results in an uncertain
degree of gain or loss.
b) Pure Risk- a category of risk that cannot be controlled. It has two outcomes:
complete loss or no loss at all.

Three Common Categories of Risk

1) Personal (having to do with people assets)
2) Property (having to do with material assets)
3) Liability (having to do with legalities that could affect both of the above, which
includes errors and omissions liability)

What is a Hazard?
The potential to cause harm.

Risk VS Hazard
 A ladder can be a hazard. Climbing the ladder and falling is a risk
 Cheating with your classmate is a hazard. Being caught by your professor is a risk
 Bats are a hazard, Covid19 is a risk

How to Accomplish Risk Analysis?

 Identify the assets that need to be protected
 Identify the kinds of risk that may affect the assets protected
 Determine the likelihood of risk occurrence
 Determine the effect of impact if a given loss occurred

 Explain the difference between risk and hazard.

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What is a security survey?

A security survey is a critical on-site examination and analysis of the establishment
to ascertain the current security status of the facility. It is done to identify the deficiencies
or excesses in current practices, to determine what protection is needed to make
recommendations to improve the overall security.
An objective instrument that looks at all the relevant variables at a particular
moment, without judging good or bad, right or wrong, safe or unsafe.

Why are security surveys needed?

1) To determine if an establishment is at risk of dealing with a problem.
2) To evaluate the countermeasures needed to combat or deal with the problem.
3) To check available resources that can be used to surpass the problem.
There are several criteria for an effective security survey, they are:

1. Establish value impact or asset cost.

It is the first criterion in a security survey to determine the value impact or cost of
any asset if lost due to natural or other forces. The person conducting the survey will need
to ascertain from the operational personnel the identification and relative value of the
buildings, equipment, and activities in the area to be surveyed and how important they
are to the continued productivity of the entire organization.

a. Prioritize where critical protection is needed.

Priorities for protection should be assigned so that the area most critical to the
organization's survival receives the best security. In contrast, non-critical areas are
assigned a lesser priority for protection.

In a situation where two facilities have similar production processes, output

capability, personnel, and structural size, one would be self-sufficient in its supply of
necessary water or power, and the second supported by external sources. The more self-
sufficient facility may be given higher priority because it would provide the most cost-
effective product during and after the emergency.

b. Establish actual versus desired activities.

The security surveyor must determine the activities and procedures through
interviews and on-site visitation of the company. After a thorough inspection is made, a
security surveyor can determine whether to assign a high priority or low priority rating on
an activity or procedure.

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c. Undertake rating by committee.

Aside from the security surveyor, the company can undertake a security rating of
various activities and procedures through committee ratings.

2. Determine vulnerability
The second criterion of a risk assessment is determining the degree of vulnerability
of the facility or activity about damage or attack by natural or other forces. The
vulnerability risk is also heightened by the value and size of items maintained in the
facility.
The vulnerability of natural forces is another area that should be assessed. Local
records should be reviewed to determine the frequency and severity of earthquakes,
floods, or other natural disasters.

a. Undertake vulnerability inspection

There are several ways to determine the vulnerability of a facility or activity to
damage or attack. The first is for the experienced surveyor to inspect the facility for
physical or operational weakness personally. Such an inspection entails more than one
visit. The facility should be observed during peak operational periods and during closed
or slack time. Night-time visits are essential, even if the facility is non-operational.

b. Analyze the history of loses

It’s essential to look at its records of losses and determine whether all losses have
been correctly reported and recorded. A high or increasing rate of losses should alert the
security surveyor to a vulnerability problem.
One must note that many losses are not reported to higher management because
the operational personnel is afraid that they will be held responsible. The surveyor will
have to get such information from the employees by routine interview methods.

c. Determine internal considerations.

The third method to determine the vulnerability of a facility is to determine whether
high-value property or items are adequately safeguarded from theft. The location for high-
risk items is frequently chosen without the possibility of internal theft in mind, and maybe
near exits, lavatories, or trash bins.

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3. Determine the probability of occurrence.

The third criterion to a risk assessment is the degree of probability that natural or
other forces will strike any given organization, facility, or activity. There is a high
probability that disastrous storms will occur along the typhoon belt. Mud and landslides
are likely to occur in the rainy season. Low lying valleys with rivers or valleys below dams
stand a high chance of flash floods during the rainy season.

a. Determine the rate of natural occurrence.

Generally, one can observe the rate of past experiences and determine whether
there is an increase, decrease, or relatively constant number of hazardous events
occurring over some time. Coupled with such factors as a high priority for security, high
vulnerability risk, and frequent devastating storms, the probability of loss is high.
The lack or infrequency of natural disasters, the absence of physical losses, and
low impact in the event of loss would predict a lower or little probability.

b. Determine the rate of occurrence caused by humans.

Attacks from humans can likewise estimate the loss probability. A chart can be
prepared to show the number of known depredations committed during various periods
in the past. By studying this, we can see the trend that might be overlooked in day-to-
day business.

Objectives of Security Survey

1. Determine the existent vulnerability to injury, death damage, or destruction by natural

causes.
2. Determine the existent vulnerability of corporate assets due to criminal activity outside
the organization.
3. Determine the existent vulnerability of corporate assets due to criminal activity within
the organization.
4. Determine the existent conditions of physical security of corporate property
5. Identify physical hazards, operational procedures, or personnel activities that could
lead to legal liability for damages or injuries to employees, patrons, or the general
public.
6. Measure the effectiveness of the current protection policies and standards.
7. Measures the conformity of the employees to the published security standards.
8. Audit the accounts and procedures of the firm to detect policy violations, fraud, and
use of improper procedures.

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9. Inspect the conditions and procedures that cause the problems of the inventory
shortage, cash or property losses, vandalism, or other unexplained crime within the
plant.
10. Investigate the community's economic, sociological, and political conditions to predict
outside activities that could be opposed to the well-being or survival of the company.

Planning a Security Survey

1. Verify the need. One or more of the following circumstances may warrant a security
survey, identifying a weakness, threat, or loss and any significant environmental or
demographic changes.

2. Obtain organizational support. The wholehearted support of top management

ensures that those carrying out the organization’s operations will cooperate. During
these interviews, the surveyor should appraise the depth of the survey and the
required level of protection being requested. These meetings usually serve to
increase management’s commitment to the project.

3. State the survey’s objectives. The goal and objectives of the survey should be
established based on the initial interviews with management. It can be done by first
understanding and identifying the desired results, developing criteria to measure the
results and identifying the resources to be used.

4. Determine how data will be gathered. The security survey is a means of collecting
information and generating recommendations. Like a good investigator, the surveyor
must select accessible, affordable, accurate, relevant, and verifiable sources.

5. Develop alternatives. Each possible course of action or recommendation must be

measured against the objectives and the criteria developed to measure the results.

6. Prepare a schedule of activities. Survey personnel must be assembled, timetables

developed, and the previous steps reviewed. Priorities are also set at this stage, and
the division of labor is finalized.

7. Implement the plan. The security surveyor must continuously collect, evaluate, and
disseminate information throughout the survey. This process eventually leads to the
formation of recommendations intended to reduce security threats and prevent loss.

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A risk assessment survey looks for the degree of exposure to loss, damage, or
hazard about both personnel and property. For that reason, a security survey must look
at everything. It must examine every inch of the physical plant, inside and outside, top
to bottom, and it must consider the human factor, that is, the people who occupy the
location for any amount of time.
Security surveys also study all policies and procedures in every department to
expose possible security weaknesses. Last year’s adequate security measures may be
completely outdated in the security field. A new set of security measures and procedures
may be required.

 Explain the importance of conducting a security survey.

Creating a Security Survey

Before any security system can be effective, a company or institution must know
the danger points in each aspect of its operation. Such points include any physical,
human, or procedural weakness that makes the possibility of damage or loss in any
degree likely to occur.
An effective security system must also form an accurate estimate of the employer’s
overall security requirements. This total view can come only from a complete study or
survey of the operation and all related facilities and locations.
The responsibility for conducting a security survey may be given to any of the
following:
i. The in-house security force, or plant protection unit, that is, proprietary personnel
hired by a business, industry, or individual to perform security functions;
ii. Outside security consultants specialize in conducting surveys and working with
organizations to meet their personal security needs. Outside consultants may have
particular expertise that a proprietary staff does not have. They can also take a
more objective look at the security situation than those charged with daily security
tasks.
iii. An individual private security officer employed by the company performing the
survey.

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Essential Elements of a Security Survey

A security survey is generally divided into several parts:

Buildings. As a private security officer, you may find yourself responsible for security in
a single building, such as a hospital, or several buildings, as is commonly the case in an
industrial or college campus setting.

Outside perimeter. The outside perimeter areas of a guarded location include parking
lots, walkways, and storage areas.

Traffic. A thorough survey must include a study of the vehicles that enter the property
(ingress) and leave the property (egress) any time in 24 hours, every day of the week.

Individual departments within the security complex. In a college or university, several

departments with various equipment and materials require safe storage and protection
from unlawful use or theft. There are both administrative, assembly, and warehousing
areas in an industrial setting to secure.

Steps in Conducting a Security Survey

Each of these situations presents a challenge. All personnel must learn to follow
security and safety policies and procedures. Let us look at the security survey and risk
analysis process from a slightly different angle: the step-by-step procedure of conducting
a survey. The four basic steps are data collection, analysis, implementation, and follow-
up.

Data Collection. The goal of a survey is to gather information and accurately

analyze the risk of loss involved in every area of an operation. The first step in conducting
a security survey is to collect data. Using either a standard or customized form helps to
organize the data. There are two ways to gather information:
Personal Observation. The persons conducting the survey have to walk through
every inch of the complex, inside and out, inspecting everything that has a potential for
loss of some kind. Consequently, officers must have a keen eye to see beyond the surface
and locate all potential risks.
Interviews. Surveyors talk to as many people in the complex as possible. Two of
the best sources of information about security problems are the maintenance and general
repair personnel, primarily if they work for in-house departments. Maintenance and

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service people know a physical plant better than any other employee. Also, they are often
excellent sources of information about the people who work in a complex.

Analysis. Once the surveyors have gathered all the information, they must
analyze them. They need to determine how the facts relate to the potential for loss.

Implementation. Writing up a great report is only part of the battle. You must also
work to bring about the appropriate changes. However, whether or not to make such
changes will depend on a careful comparison of the cost of implementing new measures
versus the potential for loss if the measures are not implemented. This comparison and
decision-making process is one of the main objectives of risk analysis.

Summary. Though tedious and time-consuming, annual security surveys help

prevent the loss of life and property. You have probably heard that the price you pay for
goods in a retail department store or supermarket includes the cost of stolen goods.
Businesses suffering losses due to employee theft and shoplifting have no choice but to
pass the cost of that loss on to consumers. Then, everyone’s best interests are served to
keep losses to a minimum. The cost of implementing security measures is often more
than made up for in reduced theft and malicious damage.

Follow-Up. After a trial period, security must analyze the new procedures to see
if they have effectively solved the problems. Sometimes the solution to one problem
causes new and more troublesome problems. That is why early follow-up studies are
essential whenever changes are made in policies, procedures, or the physical security of
a complex.

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HEADING

Date

TO :
FROM :
SUBJECT :
(Name of Installation Surveyed)
A. INTRODUCTION

1. Authority to conduct the survey

2. Date and time the survey was done

B. NAME AND MISSION OF INSTALLATION/ACTIVITY

1. Description of Surveyed Unit: (Use a map showing the installation)

2. Mission – (purpose of the installation, its functions, significant activities, products
manufactured/stored, and other factors affecting security)
3.
C. PHYSICAL SECURITY
1. Perimeter Barriers:
a. Situation (s) – (list down the security deficiencies noted)
b. Recommendation(s) – (for each situation, give the corresponding security
measure)

2. Guard Force and Guard System:

a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

3. Personnel Identification and Movement Control:

a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

4. Protective Lighting:
a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

5. Alarms and Communication System:

a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)
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6. Restricted Areas:
a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

7. Storage Security:
a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

8. Utilities:
a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

9. Emergency Plans:
a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

D. PERSONNEL SECURITY
1. Data Concerning Key Personnel:
2. Clearance Program:

a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s

3. Security Education Program:

a. Situation(s)

4. Morale of Employees:
a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

5. Absentee Rate and Labor Turnover:

a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)

E. DOCUMENT AND INFORMATION SECURITY

1. Rules and Regulations to Safeguard Classified Matters:

a. Situation(s)
b. Recommendation(s)
Note: Discuss the following items:

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(1) Classified System

(2) Receiving System
(3) Storage of Classified Matters
(4) Transmission System
(5) Reproduction System
(6) Destruction System
(7) Preparation and Marking System

F. OTHER SITUATIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1. Situation(s)
2. Recommendation(s)

G. ENCLOSURES/EXHIBITS

(State the number and title of the enclosures/exhibits.)

H. EMERGENCY PLAN

1. Develop an emergency plan

2. Train the team members to execute the emergency plan
3. Identify the resources needed to execute the emergency plan

SUBMITTED BY:

Team Members (Identify all of the members (Complete Name, Designation, and Signature))

(Chief, Survey Team)

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An interview is defined as the questioning of a person who is believed to possess

knowledge of official interest to the investigator.

Purpose of Interview
1. To obtain information on the crime being investigated
2. To identify the suspects
3. To produce or identify the witnesses
4. To eliminate innocent individuals involved in the investigation
5. To develop information that will be used to recover physical evidence used in the
commission of a crime

Qualifications of Interviewer
1. The interviewer must establish a good rapport with the subject to win the latter's
confidence.
2. The interviewer must possess a forceful yet sympathetic personality.
3. A common interest between the interviewer and the interviewee must be
developed. Therefore, an interviewer must have a broad knowledge of different
topics. It helps to ensure that both the interviewer and interviewee can
communicate continuously until all the needed information is gathered.
4. The interviewer must possess the qualities of a good salesman, actor, and
psychologist.

Methods of Recording Interview

 Mental notes
 Written notes
 Stenographic notes
 Sound recordings
 Video recordings

NOTE: You can use one or all of the preceding methods of recording interviews,
depending on the situation and the established protocol.

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IMPLEMENTING RULES OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5487 (AN ACT TO REGULATE THE
ORGANIZATION AND OPERATION OF PRIVATE DETECTIVE, WATCHMEN, OR SECURITY
GUARDS AGENCIES)
(Rep. Act No. 5487, as amended by Presidential Decree No. 11.)

RULE I DECLARATION OF POLICY

SECTION 1. Scope. The organization, operation, business, and activities of

private watchman/security or detective agencies, security training institutions/systems,
and private security and training personnel shall be governed by these Rules and
Regulations implementing Republic Act 5487, as amended.

SECTION 2. License Necessary.

a. No person shall engage in the business of or act as a private detective agency or
engage in the occupation, calling, or employment of security personnel or in the
business of private security/training agency without first having obtained the permit from
the Chief of the Philippine National Police which permit as approved is prerequisite in
obtaining a license certificate.
b. License is likewise necessary for any person operating, managing, directing, or
conducting a licensed private security/detective/training agency. Any person who
participates in the management or operation thereof except those employed solely for
clerical or manual work shall also secure a license.

SECTION 3. Training Required. All applicants for license certificate shall have
received the appropriate training from any public or private training institution/system
duly recognized by the government to conduct private security or police training.

SECTION 4. Prohibitions. No License certificate shall be granted to any applicant for a

license to operate or license to exercise security profession with the following
disqualifications:

a. having the previous record of any conviction of any crime;

b. having the previous record of any conviction of any offense involving moral
turpitude;
c. having been dishonorably discharged or separated from employment or service;
d. being a mental incompetent;
e. being a user/addicted to the use of prohibited drugs or narcotics;
f. being a habitual drunkard; and
g. a dummy of a foreigner

RULE II PENAL PROVISION

SECTION 1. Without prejudice to the imposition of criminal sanctions, any violation of

Republic Act 5487, as amended or its rule or regulation, by license grantees likewise
pursuant thereof, shall be punished by suspension, or fine, or cancellation of his or its
license to operate, conduct, direct or manage a private detective, watchman or security
guard agency and all its members, or penalized pursuant to provisions herein under,
and with the forfeiture of its bond filed with the Philippine National Police, at the
discretion of the Chief. PNP.

SECTION 2.

a. Any person not covered by Section 1, Rule II above who commits any act in
violation of Republic Act 5487 as amended and its implementing rules and regulations
shall, on conviction thereof, suffer imprisonment of from ten to fifteen years and a fine of

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not less than ten thousand pesos nor more than fifteen thousand pesos as the Court
may direct.

b. If the violation is committed by those persons mentioned in Section 3b, Rule IV

herein under, the penalty shall be imprisonment ranging from one to four years and a
fine ranging from one to four thousand pesos at the discretion of the Court.

SECTION 3. Expired License. For purposes of enforcing sanctions, any private

security, watchman, or company guard force agency or private security or training
personnel upon expiration of their respective license to operate or license to exercise
security profession are considered not possessing a license. They shall be held
criminally and administratively liable.

RULE III DEFINITION OF TERMS

SECTION 1. Definition – For purposes of and when used in these rules and
regulations, the following terms shall be construed in a sense indicated herein
unless the context of a particular section indicates that a different sense is intended:

a. Person – shall include not only natural but also juridical persons such as single
proprietorships, partnerships, corporations, companies, or associations, duly organized
and registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and/or the Department of
Trade and Industry.

b. Private Security Services – shall include the act of providing or rendering

services to watch an establishment whether public or private, building, compound/area
or property, to conduct access control/denial in any form whether physically, manually
or scientifically by electronic monitoring systems, for the purpose of securing such
area/property and at the same time ensuring safety and protection of persons within
such areas, to maintain peace and order within such areas, to conduct private security
training, and/or to conduct investigation. It shall also include the act of contracting,
recruiting, training, furnishing or posting any security guard, to do its functions or solicit
individuals, businesses, firms, or private, public or government-owned or controlled
corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its security guards, for hire,
commission or compensation thru subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private
or public corporation.

c. Private Detective Services – shall include among others the act of providing
personal security protection, inquiry and information gathering, pre-employment
verification and individual background profiling, providing assistance in civil liability and
personal injury cases, insurance claims and fraud, child custody and protection cases,
to assist in gathering information leading to determination and/or prevention of criminal
acts and/or the resolution of legal, financial and personal problems.

d. Private Security Industry – shall cover those in the legitimate business of

providing private security and detective services.

e. Private Security Guard (SG) – sometimes called private security guard or

watchman shall include any person who offers or renders personal service to watch or
secure either a residence, business establishment, or buildings, compounds, areas, or
property, inspects/monitors bodily checks/searches individuals and/or baggage and
other forms of security inspection, physically/manually or scientifically electronic,
including but not limited to, logging concessions and agricultural, mining or pasture
lands, transportation, for hire or compensation , or as an employee thereof, including
any employee of the national or local governments or agencies or instrumentality’s
thereof and or government-owned or controlled firm or corporations who is employed to
watch or secure government buildings, compounds, premises and other properties,
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other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail
Management and Penology, Municipal or City jail guards, and members of the
Philippine National Police or of any other law enforcement agency of the Government.

f. Private Detective (PD) – shall mean any person who does detective work for
hire, reward or commission, other than members of the Armed Forces of the
Philippines, guards of the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, municipal or city
jail guards, and members of the Philippine National Police or of any other law
enforcement agency of the government.

g. Private Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include private

security guards, private detectives, security consultants, security officers and others that
may be classified later, rendering/performing security and/or detective services as
employed by private security agencies and/or private firms.

h. Government Security Personnel – shall be natural persons which include

government security guards, detectives, security consultants, security officers and
others that may be classified later, except those of the Armed Forces of the Philippines,
Philippine National Police, Bureau of Jail Management and Penology, Municipal or City
Jail guards rendering/performing security and/or detective services as employed by
government entities.

i. Private Security Agency (PSA) – shall mean any person association,

partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts
any security guard, to perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or
private, public or government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service
or those of his/its security guards, for hire, commission or compensation thru
subscription or as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation whose
business or transactions involve national security or interest like the operation and/or
management of domestic or ocean vessels, airplanes, helicopters, seaports, airports
heliports, landing strips etc., or as consultant on any security related matter, or

to provide highly specialized security, detective and investigation services like gangway
security, catering security, passenger profiling, baggage examination, providing security
on board vessels or aircraft, or other security needs that PNP SAGSD may approve.

j. Private Detective Agency (PDA) – shall mean any person association,

partnership, firm or private corporation, who contracts, recruits, trains, furnishes or posts
any private detective, to perform its functions or solicit individuals, businesses, firms, or
private, public or government-owned or controlled corporations to engage his/its service
or those of his/its detectives, for hire, commission or compensation thru subscription or
as a consultant/trainer to any private or public corporation or as consultant on any
detective related matter, or to provide highly specialized detective and investigation
services, or other detective needs that SAGSD- CSG may approve.

k. License to Exercise Profession – shall mean any document issued by the

Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative recognizing a
person to be qualified to perform his duties as private security or training personnel.

l. License to Operate (LTO) – is a License Certificate document, issued by the

Chief, Philippine National Police or his duly authorized representative, authorizing a
person to engage in employing security guard or detective, or a juridical person to
establish, engage, direct, manage or operate an individual or a private detective agency
or private security agency/company security force after payment of the prescribed dues
or fees as provided in these Rules and Regulations.

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m. Company Guard Force (CGF) – a security force maintained and operated by

any private company/corporation utilizing any of its employees to watch, secure or
guard its business establishment premises, compound or properties.

n. Government Guard Unit (GGU) – a security unit maintained and operated by

any government entity other than military or police, which is established and maintained
for the purpose of securing the office or compound and/or extension of such
government entity.

o. PNP as used herein shall mean the Philippine National Police, which was
organized pursuant to the provision of RA 6975 otherwise known as the National Police
Act of 1991.

p. SAGSD as used herein shall refer to the current PNP Civil Security Group
Security Agency and Guard Supervision Division or any other PNP Office that may be
designated later as the primary office for supervision of the implementation of these
rules and regulations.

q. PADPAO refers to the Philippines Association of Detective and Protective

Agency Operators, Inc., which is an association of all licensed security agencies and
company security forces.

r. Duty Detail Order is a written order/schedule issued by a superior officer usually

the private security agency/branch manager or operations officer assigning the
performance of private security/detective services duties.

RULE IV LICENSE TO OPERATE

PART 1

SECTION 1. Who may organize and maintain a Private Security Agency and Private
Detective Agency. - Any Filipino citizen or corporation, association, partnership,
one hundred percent (100%) of which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens, may
organize and maintain a Private Security Agency or Private Detective Agency.

SECTION 2. Basic requirement of an operator or manager of agency –

a. The operator or manager of an agency including, managers of branch offices,
must be:

1. Filipino citizen;

2. Not be less than twenty five (25) years of age;

3. College graduate and/or a commissioned officer in the inactive service or retired

from the Armed Forces of the Philippines or the Philippine National police;

4. Has taken a course/seminar on industrial Security Management and/or must

have adequate training or experience in security business; and

5. Good moral character

b. New applicants for license to operate shall be required to obtain a minimum

capitalization of one million pesos (P1, 000,000.00) with a minimum bank deposit of five
hundred thousand (P500, 000.00) pesos in order to start its business operation.

SECTION 3. Limitations, Disqualifications and Prohibitions.

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a. No person shall organize or have an interest in more than one agency.

b. Elective or appointive government employees who may be called upon on

account of the functions of their respective offices in the implementation and
enforcement of the provisions of Republic Act 5487 as amended and its implementing
rules and regulations, and any person related to such government employee by affinity
or consanguinity in the third civil degree, shall not hold an interest, directly or indirectly,
in any security or watchman agency.

c. No agency shall offer, render or accept services in gambling dens or other illegal
business establishments or enterprises.

d. The extent of the security guard service being furnished by the security agency
shall not go beyond the compound and/or property of the person or establishment
contracting the security service except when the security guards is escorting big amount
of money or valuables.

e. Main/branch offices. - All agencies shall maintain a main office in their registered
addresses. Branch offices may be established and maintained in other provinces/ cities
where the security agency has deployed security guards.

f. Authority to operate outside principal offices. The following measures are

promulgated to promote the healthy growth of the private security industry in general, as
well as to minimize proliferation of marginal agencies in particular.

1. No new or moribund but previously licensed private security agency shall be

granted license to operate unless its business viability is supported by evidence of
assured clientele, adequate capitalization and the like.

2. Private Security Agency operating at regions outside its main office shall be
required to register with the nearest Police Provincial Office and shall submit an
authenticated machine copy of the following documents:

a) License to Operate;

b) License of the FA’s to be issued;

c) List of the officers and security guards;

d) Appointment Order of Branch/Detachment Manager (if any);

g. All applicants for license to operate shall, in addition to the requirements imposed
pursuant to RA 5487 as amended and these rules and regulations, be required to attend
a private security agency/company guard force operators’ and management
seminar/workshop.

h. Prohibition on “KABIT SYSTEM” operators.

1. No licensed security agency shall operate, promote and enter into an agreement
of “merger” (kabit system) with any person or a group of persons for the purpose of
organizing a branch unit or subsidiary under separate control and ownership.

Merger of security and detective agencies shall not be recognized without prior approval
from the Securities and Exchange Commission with respect to their Articles of
Incorporation and the Department of Trade and Industry, with regards their business
name.
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2. Any of the following circumstances or a combination thereof shall be considered

prima-facie evidence of the existence of “Kabit System.”

a) Maintaining a separate branch, unit or subsidiary office aside from the main office
of the agency situated within the same locality;

b) Receiving direct payments from the agency’s clientele and issuing officials
receipt of their own distinct from that issued by the agency concerned;

c) Remitting directly Social Security System premiums, Medicare contributions and

other premium for other policy insurance benefits by the aforementioned branch, unit or
subsidiary office;

d) Existence of an agreement between the licensee and a branch manager thereof,

whereby the latter obligates himself to pay a certain percentage of his income to the
former on the condition that the control and supervision of the guards posted by said
branch shall course on the manager thereof and that the licensee shall be exempt from
liabilities/ obligations attendant to the operation of said branch.

e) Keeping/maintaining separate payrolls for the branch employees signed and/or

approved by the branch manager only;

f) Absence of record of monthly income remittances to the main office when said
branch is authorized to make collections from the clients of the licensee; and

g) All other similar acts tending to show separate and distinct relationship/
personality/ ownership/ management.

SECTION 4. Organizational structure of private security agencies/company

security services/ government security units.

a. Private security agencies shall conform to the organizational structure,

personnel, equipment, training and clothing as provided for hereinafter.

b. Company security forces shall be organized to conform substantially to the

organizational structure prescribed for private security agencies.

c. Government Guard Unit shall be organized to conform to the organizational

structure of the said government firm but not contrary to the organizational structure as
prescribed for government security units.

SECTION 5. On Membership.

a. No regular license shall be granted to any private security agency unless it has a
minimum of two hundred (200) licensed private security personnel under its employ.

b. No regular license shall be granted to any company guard force or private

detective agency unless it has a minimum of thirty (30) licensed private security
personnel under its employ.

c. The maximum number of private security personnel that a PSA/CGF/PDA may

employ shall be one thousand (1000).

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PART 2

SECTION 6. Application for License to Operate (LTO).

a. The application shall be made in writing by the owner (for single proprietorships)
or authorized person duly designated by the corporation or partnership (through a board
resolution or joint affidavit, respectively) and shall be filed with the Chief of the
Philippine National Police (CPNP) through the PNP Security Agency and Guard
Supervision Division, Civil security Group (SAGSD-CSG). Using license application
form PNPSF1, the application shall contain the full name of the applicant, his age, civil
status, his residence and location of business.

b. Applications of corporations, associations, partnerships shall furthermore include

a copy of the certificate of registration together with its by-laws and articles of
incorporation.

c. All applications shall be accompanied by a bond issued by any competent or

reputable surety or fidelity or insurance company duly accredited by the Office of the
Insurance Commissioner, which bond shall answer for any valid and legal claim against
the agency by its clients or employees.

SECTION 7. License to Operate (LTO). License to Operate (LTO) shall be issued

corresponding to the purpose of the organized Private Security Agency:

a. Private Security/Detective Agency LTO. License certificate issued to persons,

corporations, associations, partnerships whose primary purpose is to provide/offer
commercial private security and/or detective services for hire, commission or
compensation.

b. Company Guard Force LTO. License certificate issued to persons, corporations,

associations, partnerships not doing

business nor organized purposely or principally as a private security guard or detective

agency who/which is utilizing for its security purpose any of his/its employees to render
private security or detective services.

c. Government Guard Unit Certificate of Registration (CR). License certificate

issued to national or local government or any agency or instrumentality thereof, or of
government- owned or controlled corporation not doing business nor organized
purposely or principally as a private security guard or detective agency who/which is
utilizing for its purpose any of his/its employees to render private security or detective
services.

SECTION 8. Status and Validity of License to Operate. The status of license certificate
in Section 7 above shall be issued in conformity with the following:

a. Regular LTO – issued, after complying with licensing requirements, to private

security agencies having obtained and maintained in its employ at least two hundred
(200) security personnel, and to company guard forces and private detective agencies
having obtained and maintained in its employ at least thirty (30) security personnel and
private detectives respectively. Such license may be renewed following conformity with
renewal requirements prescribed in a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP).

b. Temporary LTO – initial and conditional issuance to new private security

agencies and to PSAs holding regular LTO not able to maintain the minimum number of
security personnel or conform to standards, for them to be able to attain the 200
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minimum number of security personnel or comply with licensing standards, prior to

issuance/re- issuance of regular LTO. Such issuance shall not be renewable nor be
extendible.

c. Unless sooner cancelled or revoked and provisions hereof modified, all licenses
to operate shall have a validity of two (2) years. Temporary LTOs upon expiration
are automatically cancelled.

d. The expiry date of Regular Licenses to Operate shall be on the last day of the
month of the second year corresponding to the last number before the year series
number of the assigned number/LTO number of the License. (i.e. hereto in bold
numbers PSA-00001-02 and PSA 00050-03 representing expiry on January 31, 2004
and October 31, 2005 respectively). For this purpose the appropriate transition period
shall be provided after the effectivity of these Rules and Regulations.

SECTION 9. LTO Processing.

a. All applications for Licenses to Operate filed shall be processed by SAGSDCSG

for approval and subsequent issuance of the appropriate LTO, and/or for disapproval.

b. When all requisites for the issuance of License to Operate have been complied
with, corresponding license certificate shall be issued upon payment by the applicant of
applicable fees and bond, prescribed/to be prescribed following existing administrative
laws:

• National License Fee

• Security Personnel Registration Fee
• Annual Internal Revenue tax
• Local Government Business tax
• Bond issued by any competent or reputable surety or fidelity or insurance
company duly accredited by the Insurance Commission in the sum of ten thousand
pesos in the discretion of the CPNP which bond shall answer for any valid and legal
claim against the agency by its clients or employees

c. Applications with lacking requirements shall not be accepted for processing.

d. All accepted applications for license to operate shall be processed for

completeness of documentary requirements and conformity to standards.

SECTION 10. Supporting Documentary Requirements.

a. Supporting Documents accompanying applications for New License To Operate:

1. Sketch of Office Location;

2. Application Form (SAGSD 02-94);

3. Registration Form DTI/SEC;

4. Bio-Data/Information Sheet for Director/Partners;

5. Endorsement from RD/ARDO (for provincial application only);

6. College Diploma or Retirement Order (AFP/PNP);

7. List of Prospect Clients;

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8. Project Feasibility Study;

9. Letter Request for Authority to Purchase FA’s From Authorized Gun

Dealers/Store;

10. Official Receipt National License Fee (P 2, 500 per year);

11. Registration Fee (P 50 per guard);

12. Surety Bond for the period of license;

13. Bank Certificate (Minimum P 500, 000);

14. Certificate from RD/Provincial Director that there is a demand for security
services or a need to CSF;

15. PADPAO Membership Fee or PADPAO Membership Certificate;

16. Affidavit that the agency applying has a furnished office and PNP approved FA’s
vault;

17. Affidavit that PSA will have at least 200 guards posted within 2 years after date of
approval of Temp LTO;

18. PNP Intelligence Clearance;

19. NBI Clearance;

20. Neuro-Psychiatric Clearance; and

21. Drug Test.

b. Supporting Documents accompanying applications for Regular License To

Operate:

1. Endorsement from RD, PNP PROs with Inspection Checklist;

2. Sketch of Office Location;

3. Application form (SAGSD 02-04);

4. Notarized Disposition of Guards, Clients & Fire Arms;

5. List of Licensed FA’s Noted/Certified By FED;

6. Alphabetical Listing of Guards By Birthmonth;

7. Official Receipt for National License Fee;

8. Official Receipt for PNP Registration Fee;

9. VAT Payments;

10. Agency’s /Company’s FAs License Fee;

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11. Surety Bond for the period of license;

12. PNP Intelligence Clearance;

13. Neuro-Psychiatric Clearance;

14. Drug Test;

15. National SSS Clearance with R-5 & R-3;

16. BIR Clearance;

17. DOLE Clearance;

18. Certificate of fm FED of No Unclaimed FA’s Licenses;

19. Certification of PADPAO Membership (PADPAO);

20. Certification of Seminar re-RA 5487 (PADPAO);

21. Mayor’s Permit (Where main office is located); and

22. License to Operate (Previous).

c. LTO processing, standards and documentary requirements shall be prescribed in

a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) issued by the Director, CSG.

SECTION 11. Renewal of License to Operate.

a. Filing of Applications for Renewal and Late Filing. All applications for renewal of
License to Operate shall be filed at least sixty (60) days before expiry date of LTO
subject of the renewal application. Applications filed/accepted thereafter shall be
penalized for late filing.

b. Failure to Conform to the Standards for Renewal. Renewal applicants/holders of

regular license not able to maintain the 200 minimum number of security personnel
under its employ or license renewal requirements at the time of filing of application, shall
be reverted to temporary status and issued temporary LTO. Within its duration the
agency- applicant may comply with the required minimum number of employed security
personnel or license renewal requirements prior to reissuance/renewal of its regular
LTO.

c. Failure to file for renewal. The Licenses to Operate of applications for renewal of
regular Licenses to Operate who fail to file applications sixty (60) days after the expiry
date of LTO subject of the renewal application, SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE
CANCELLED.

d. In addition to other renewal requirements under provisions of these rules and

regulations, no application shall be approved unless a certification is issued by
FEDCSG to the effect that all licenses of firearms of the agency concerned are
updated/renewed for at least one (1) year forthcoming during the validity of the renewed
LTO.

SECTION 12. Approval, Cancellation and Suspension of LTO. Unless revoked or

modified by the Chief, PNP, the authority to approve, cancel or suspend the
license to operate shall be exercised by the following:
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a. Approval of New Regular LTO CPNP

b. Cancellation of Regular LTO CPNP

c. Re-instatement of Regular LTO CPNP

d. Suspension of Regular LTO CPNP

e. Renewal of Regular LTO DCSG

f. Approval of Temporary LTO DCSG

g. Reversion of Regular to Temporary LTO DCSG

h. Cancellation of Temporary LTO DCSG

i. Suspension of Temporary LTO DCSG

SECTION 13. Cancelled LTO. All cancellations shall be issued the corresponding
Cease to Operate (CTO) orders. Thereafter the concerned agency shall stop
its operation and deposit its firearms with the Firearms and Explosives Division
(FED-CSG) or nearest Police Regional Office for safekeeping until legal
disposition thereof by the agency in accordance with existing firearms laws, rules
or regulations.

SECTION 14. Voluntary Cease to Operate. Anticipated cessation of operations

voluntarily and officially submitted by the agency shall be issued the corresponding
CTO bearing the effectivity date of such anticipated cessation. Thereafter the
concerned agency shall stop its operation and deposit its firearms (if any remains) with
the Firearms and Explosives Division (FED-CSG) or nearest Police Regional Office for
safekeeping until legal disposition thereof by the agency in accordance with
existing firearms laws, rules or regulations.

PART 3

SECTION 15. Display of License. The LTO shall be displayed at all times in a
conspicuous and suitable place in the agency office or headquarters and shall be
exhibited at the request of any person whose jurisdiction is in relation with the
business of the agency or the employees thereof.

SECTION 16. Security service contract. Private security agencies shall render
security services to their clients only after a service contract shall have been
executed between them. Such contract shall include among other things: the money
consideration to be paid by the client to the agency; the number of hours of security
services per guard per day which the guard himself shall render to the client and the
salary each individual security guard shall receive from the agency.

SECTION 17. Tenure of Security Personnel. - The tenure of security personnel shall
be co-terminus with the service contract between the PSA and the client. Services
of any security personnel shall be terminated on the following grounds:

a. Expiration of contract;
b. Revocation of license to exercise profession;
c. Conviction of a crime or offense involving moral turpitude;
d. Loss of trust and confidence;
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e. Physical and mental disability; and

f. Violation of the pertinent rules and regulations promulgated by the PNP.

SECTION 18. Payrolls. - Private security agencies shall prepare payrolls with
the name of security guards arranged alphabetically and numbered consecutively.
These payrolls shall be personally signed by the payees only after receipt of the
amounts shown therein. Separate payrolls for distant detachments/posts shall be
prepared and similarly signed by the payees or his duly authorized representative as
the case maybe. Payrolls shall be filed with the main office within fifteen (15)
days after payday. The use of payroll form shall be in accordance with the standard
format as prescribed by law.

SECTION 19. Security Personnel-Employee Benefits. The employer Private

Security/Training/Detective Agency, Company Guard Force, Government Guard
Unit shall be responsible and held accountable for the compensation of the
following benefits due their respective security personnel as required by law:

a. salary and wage prescribed in the minimum wage law;

b. health, medical and insurance benefits;

c. separation and retirement pay and benefits;

d. Pag-ibig benefits

e. others as may be prescribed later

SECTION 20. Mandatory Insurance Coverage - It shall be the

responsibility of private security agency/company guard forces operators/
owners to ensure that all posted security personnel under their employ shall be
covered with adequate insurance. In case of death of any security personnel,
monetary benefits may be granted to his dependents/ beneficiaries by the PSA/CGFs
concerned.

RULE V
LICENSE TO EXERCISE PRIVATE SECURITY PROFESSION

SECTION 1. Who may apply for a License to Exercise Private Security Profession.
Any Filipino citizen may apply for License to Exercise Private Security Profession
to engage in the occupation, calling or employment either as a Private Security
Guard, Private Security Officer, Private Detective and/or Private Security
Consultant, after complying with both academic/scholastic and skills/training
requirements subject to other requirements prescribed herein-under provisions.

SECTION 2. Basic requirements of private security personnel - a. Filipino

citizen; b. Not be less than eighteen (18) years of age; c. Must have taken a private
security course/seminar and/or must have adequate training or experience in
security business or rendering security/detective services; d. Of good moral character
and must not have been convicted of any crime or violation of these rules and
regulations carrying a penalty of prohibition to be licensed; and e. Must be
physically and mentally fit.

SECTION 3. Qualifications a Private Security Guard. No person shall be licensed as

security guard unless he possesses the following qualifications:

a. Filipino citizen;
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b. High school graduate;

c. Physically and mentally fit;

d. Not less than eighteen (18) years of age nor more than fifty (50) years of age (for
new applicants and SGs in non- supervisory position); and

e. Has undergone a pre-licensing training course or its equivalent.

SECTION 4. Qualifications for Security Officer. - No person shall be licensed as

Security Officer unless he has the following qualifications:

a. Filipino citizen;

b. Holder of a Baccalaureate Degree;

c. Physically and mentally fit; and

d. Has graduated from a Security Officer Training Course or its equivalent.

SECTION 5. Qualifications of Security Consultants. - No person shall be licensed as

a Security Consultant unless he possesses the following qualifications:

a. Filipino citizen;

b. Physically and mentally fit;

c. Holder of a Masters degree in either Criminology, Public Administration, MNSA,

Industrial Security Administration, or Law;

d. Must have at least ten (10) years experience in the operation and management
of security business.

SECTION 6. Qualifications of a private detective.- No person shall be licensed as a

private detective unless possesses the following qualifications:

a. Filipino citizen;

b. Physical and mentally fit;

c. Holder of a baccalaureate degree preferably Bachelor of laws or Bachelor of

Science in Criminology;

d. Graduate of a Criminal Investigation Course offered by the Philippine National

Police or the National Bureau of Investigation or any police training school, or a
detective training in any authorized/recognized training center;

e. Advance ROTC/CMT graduate or its equivalent.

SECTION 7. Exemptions from Basic Pre-Licensing Training. -

a. Veterans and retired military/police personnel or those honorably discharged

military/police personnel possessing all the qualifications mentioned in the preceding
Section shall be exempted from pre-licensing training/seminar and academic/scholastic
attainment which is a requirement for the initial issuance of License to exercise private
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security profession but shall not however be exempted from taking the refresher training
courses or its equivalent.

b. Likewise, graduates of ROTC advance/CHDF (or its equivalent in the PNP)

Training graduates shall be exempted from the required Basic-licensing
Training/Seminar.

SECTION 8. Processing SOP. License to exercise profession processing, standards

and documentary requirements shall be prescribed in a Standard Operating Procedure
(SOP) issued by the Director, CSG.

SECTION 9. Types of License.

a. Temporary License – initial and conditional issuance while awaiting issuance of

regular license identification cards or in the interim for purposes not covered by Rule V.

b. Regular License – generated Private Security Personnel License Card, duration

or validity of which shall be for two (2) years.

SECTION 10. Government Security Personnel – no person shall be licensed as

Government Security Personnel unless he possesses the qualifications as
prescribed in Section 3, 4, 5 of this rule, provided he submits an appointment order
coming from the Civil Service Commission.

SECTION 11. Processing.

a. All applications for Licenses to Exercise Profession filed shall be processed by

SAGSD-CSG for approval and subsequent issuance of the appropriate License to
Exercise Profession, and/or for disapproval.

b. When all requisites for the issuance of License to Exercise Profession have been
complied with, corresponding license certificate shall be issued upon payment by the
applicant of applicable fees.

SECTION 12. New Applicant – applicants from NCR may file their application
for license to exercise profession with the Personnel Licensing Section, SAGSD,
Civil Security Group, Camp Crame, Quezon City. Applicants from the
provinces may file their applications with the Firearms, Explosives, Security
Agencies and Guards Section (FESAGS), Regional Operation and Plans Division
(ROPD) of the Police Regional Office concerned. The requirements are as follows:

a. Application Form for Social Security ID (E-6 Rev 11-2000);

b. Application for License of Private Security Guard;

c. General Knowledge Examination Result (PASSED);

d. Training Certificate (Pre-Licensing Training Certificate);

e. Training Closing Report;

f. Neuro-Psychiatric Test Clearance;

g. Drug Test Result/Clearance;

h. Physical Fitness Certificate;

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i. PNP Intelligence Clearance (DI);

j. NBI Clearance;

k. Court Clearance;

l. Police Clearance;

m. High School Diploma or Transcript of Record and College Diploma; and

n. Birth Certificate

SECTION 13. Renewal of License.

a. Deadline for Filing and Late Filing. The deadline for filing of applications for
renewal of License to Exercise Profession shall be sixty (60) days prior to the month of
the expiry date. Applications filed/accepted thereafter shall be penalized for late filing.

b. Failure to file for renewal. The Licenses to Exercise Profession of those who fail
to file renewal applications SHALL AUTOMATICALLY BE CANCELLED upon expiry.

c. Renewal of license to exercise profession shall also be filed with SAGSD, CSG,
Camp Crame, Quezon City or through the Firearms, Explosives, Security Agencies and
Guards Section (FESAGS), Regional Operation and Plans Division (ROPD) of the
Police Regional Office concerned after the completion of the required retraining and
requirements for renewal of license. The requirements are as follows:

1. Application for Social Security ID (E-6 Rev 11-2000 Form);

2. Application for License of Private Security Guard (PNPSF-01 Revised

2000);

3. General Knowledge Examination Result (PASSED);

4. Proof of Training;

5. Neuro-Psychiatric Test Clearance;

6. Drug Test Result/Clearance;

7. PNP Intelligence Clearance (DI) or NBI Clearance

d. All licensed security personnel must undergo in-service re- training at least once
in every two (2) years preferably two months before his/her birth month. The certificate
of in- service training shall be a prerequisite among others, for the renewal of license to
exercise profession.

SECTION 14. Disposition of Applications for License. All license to exercise

private security profession shall be processed for the appropriate Approval,
Disapproval, Cancellation or Suspension by the Chief, SAGSD.

SECTION 15. Possession of License.

a. All licensed private security personnel while in the exercise of their profession
shall have in his body and possession his/her valid license to exercise private security
profession together with the corresponding proof of payment of license fee.

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b. The License issued shall be the proof of authority of the grantee to engage or
exercise private security profession.

c. In no case shall the authority of the License be used in violation of laws.

RULE VI
PAYMENT OF FEES

SECTION 1. License Fees. – Consistent with laws existing during this formulation, the
Chief of Philippine National Police or his authorized representative, after receipt of
the application for license and after finding the applicant qualified under these
rules and regulations, shall approve the application upon payment of the annual
fees in accordance with the following schedules:

a. For agency. – 1. The sum of two thousand five hundred pesos (P2, 500.00) as
annual national license fee; and 2. The sum of fifty pesos (P50.00) as payment for
annual registration fee for each security guard employed.

b. For individual. - The amount of one hundred fifty pesos (P150.00) per year for
Security Consultant, Security Officer and Private Detectives and the amount of one
hundred (P100) pesos per year for Security Guard as annual license fee.

SECTION 2. Exemptions. Employees of the national or local governments or

the agencies or instrumentalities thereof, as well as of government-owned or controlled
corporations, who are employed or utilized as licensed security personnel as herein
defined, shall not pay the fees nor file the prescribed bonds.

SECTION 3. Payment System. All payments of fees relative to the licensing of private
security/training/detective agencies, company guard forces, and private security/training
personnel shall be made by the respective applicant or his duly authorized
representative following an approved revenue and collection system in the PNP.

SECTION 4. Changes. Any adjustments, modifications and/or additions to the

fees provided in section 1 above may be initiated through the SAGSD or CSG,
and approved for adoption following current laws on revenue and collection of fees.

RULE VII
USE OF FIREARMS

SECTION 1. Possession of Firearms by Private Security Agency

/Private Detective Agency/ Company Security Force/ Government Security
Unit. – Private Security Agency/Private Detective Agency/ Company Security Force/
Government Security Unit shall be entitled to possess firearms after
satisfactorily complying with the requirements prescribed by the Chief,
Philippine National Police pertinent to the possession of firearms, provided that the
number of firearms shall not exceed one (1) firearm for every two (2) security
guard in its employ. No private security agency/private detective agency/company
security force/government security unit shall be allowed to possess firearms in
excess of 500 units.
SECTION 2. Restriction to possess high-powered firearms. – A private
detective agency/private security agency/ company security services/ government
security unit is not allowed to possess high caliber firearms considered as
military-type weapons such as M16, M14, cal .30 carbine, M1 Garand, and other
rifles and special weapons with bores bigger than cal .22, to include pistols and
revolvers with bores bigger than cal .38 such as cal .40, cal .41, cal .44, cal .45, cal

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.50, except cal .22 centerfire magnum and cal .357 and other pistols with bores smaller
than cal .38 but with firing characteristics of full automatic burst and three-round burst.
However, when such entities are operating in areas where there is an upsurge of
lawlessness and criminality as determined by the Chief, PNP, Police Regional
Office Regional Director or their authorized representative, they may be allowed to
acquire, possess and use high-powered firearms under the following conditions:

a. The acquisition of the high-powered firearms shall be at the expense of the

private security agency/private detective agency/company security force/government
security unit concerned;

b. The firearms should first be registered with the Firearms and Explosives Division
before issuance and shall not be used or transferred in places other than those specially
authorized by the Director, CSG;

c. The total number of high-powered firearms that an agency or security force/unit

is authorized to possess shall not exceed ten percent (10%) of the total number of
security guards of watchmen in its employ; and

d. The duly licensed security guards or watchmen who will use the firearm shall first
be given adequate training in the care and use thereof and will be under the supervision
of qualified officers and men of the Philippine National Police.

SECTION 3. Limitations in the carrying of firearms.

a. Unless specified and/or exempted pursuant to provisions of these rules and

regulations and/or firearms laws, no firearm shall be borne nor be in the possession of
any private security personnel except when in the actual performance of duty, in the
prescribed uniform, in the place and time so specified in the DDO.

b. The firearm issued to security personnel of private security agency/private

detective agency/company security services/government security unit shall be carried
by the security personnel only within the compound of the establishment where he is
assigned to guard, except when the security personnel is escorting big amount of
money or valuables on conduction duties outside its jurisdiction or area of operation,
upon prior coordination with the nearest PNP units/stations, or when in hot pursuit of
criminal offenders.

SECTION 4. Duty Detail Order (DDO) - Private security agency/private

detective agency / company security services/ government guard unit
detailing their security personnel on duty under the circumstances mentioned in the
preceding section or while escorting big amount of cash or valuable outside its
jurisdiction or area of operation, shall issue an appropriate duty detail order to the
security personnel concerned using SAGSD Form No. 12-94 under the following
conditions:

a. DDOs for the purpose of transporting agency licensed firearms from agency
vault/office to post and back for posting, for routine rotation, replacement of firearms or
for conduction service duties, shall be issued for not more than a duration of twenty-four
(24) hours;

b. DDOs for the purpose of post duties not requiring transport of firearms outside of
the physical compound or property of a client or client establishment/firm shall be issued
for not more than a thirty (30) day duration;

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c. Transport of firearm other than those covered in paragraph a and b, Section 4,

Rule VII above, shall require the appropriate transport permit issued by the Firearms
and Explosives Division or Police Regional, Provincial or City Office nearest the place of
origin;

d. The issuance of DDOs for private detective personal protection service duties
shall be prescribed in an SOP to be issued by NHPNP in consideration of Rule XII of
these rules and regulations; and

e. All DDOs shall indicate the following:

1. Name, address and telephone number of agency

2. Issue serial number and date of DDO

3. Complete name and designation of grantee

4. Purpose

5. Inclusive dates of detail

6. Firearms description and license number

7. Authorized uniform to be used

8. Other specific instructions/remarks

9. Signature and designation of issuing officer

SECTION 5. Justification for confiscation of firearms. No firearm issued to any

security guard or private detective while in the performance of his duties, shall be
confiscated by any law enforcement agency, except by uniformed member of the PNP
when duly authorized by the proper authority and/or under any of the following
circumstances, wherein an appropriate receipt for the firearm shall be issued:

a. When the firearm is about to be used in the commission of a crime;

b. When the firearm is actually being used in the commission of crime;

c. When the firearm has just been used in the commission of a crime;

d. When the firearm being carried by the security guard is unlicensed or a firearm
not authorized by law and regulation for his use;

e. When the confiscation of the firearm is directed by the order of the court;

f. When the firearm is used or carried outside the property, compound or

establishment serviced by the agency without proper authority; or

g. When a security guard does not possess any license to exercise his profession.

In all the above cases, the confiscating officer shall inform immediately the agency
concerned.

SECTION 6. Disposition of confiscated firearms. Any law enforcement officer

authorized by law effecting the confiscation of firearm under any of the circumstances
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mentioned in the preceding section shall inform the Chief, Philippine National Police
thru the

CSG within twenty-four (24) hours after such confiscation. The firearm shall
be turned over immediately to the nearest Philippine National Police unit/station
which shall be responsible for the conveyance of same to the FED, CSG, except
when charges have been filed against the suspect, in which case, the firearm shall
be turned over to the concerned court.

SECTION 7. Filing of application for firearms license. Application for licensing of

firearms by any private security agency, private detective agency, or company security
force, shall be filed with the Firearms and Explosives Division through the SAGSD and
Police Regional Offices for other Regions outside NCR in accordance with the usual
procedure prescribed by the firearms laws and implementing executive orders and
regulations. In addition, the following shall be submitted:

a. License to Operate a private security agency, private detective agency or

company security force duly approved by the Chief, Philippine National Police;

b. Certification that such agency has provided a safety vault as prescribed by the
Chief of the Firearms and Explosives Division;

c. Required surety bond per firearm pursuant to Sec. 887 of the Revised
Administrative Code;

d. Sworn Statement of the manager or operator of the agency that its security
personnel shall be required by the management to undertake the following in case of
impending or actual strike:

1. To report to the Chief, Philippine National Police or to the nearest police agency
such impending strike;

2. To exercise necessary diligence in the collection and safekeeping of firearms of

the agency to include firearm safely vaults provided thereof to prevent the use of the
firearm thereon in the furtherance of the strike;

3. To insure that all firearms and ammunition in the possession of all striking
security personnel of the agency are immediately collected and secured in the safety
vaults under control of the agency; and

4. To assume responsibility in the proper handling of firearms in order to prevent

misuse of same or that no non-members shall be allowed to hold said firearms issued or
licensed in favor of the agency.

SECTION 8. Revocation of license. License to possess firearm may be revoked under

any of the following instances:

a. Failure to submit any issued firearm for verification as required.

b. Carrying of firearms by security personnel without appropriate Duty Detail Order
(DDO).

c. When the firearm serial number has been duplicated on another firearm or using
one firearms license for more than one firearm other than those stipulated in the license.

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d. Carrying of firearms outside of the place stated in the permit or in places

prohibited under the law; or

e. Conviction of the operator or manager of the agency of any crime.

f. When the firearm was reported lost.

SECTION 9. Illegal possession of firearms. No person employed as security guard or

private detective shall use unlicensed firearms in the performance of his duties, nor be
allowed to use firearms with duplicated serial numbers. Unless otherwise approved by
the CPNP, only firearms licensed in the name of the PSA/PDA/CGF/GGU concerned
shall be used.

SECTION 10. Stocking of ammunition. Stocks of ammunition in the agency shall be

authorized on a limited and reasonable quantity that will suit the requirement and
need of such agency and shall be subjected to inspection from time to time by
representatives of the Chief, Philippine National Police, and unless otherwise
provided for under existing laws, shall not exceed a basic load of fifty (50) rounds of
ammunition per unit of duly licensed firearms. Individual issue to each security guard
shall be limited to one half of such basic load or twenty five (25) rounds for every
security guard.

SECTION 11. Instructional Firearms. Accredited Private Security Training

Schools/Centers after conformity with licensing requirements, may be
licensed firearms for instructional, training or classroom purposes, in a number
and type as prescribed under existing firearms laws, rules or regulations.

RULE VIII
UNIFORM, EQUIPMENT AND PARAPHERNALIA

PART 1
Uniform And Paraphernalia

SECTION 1. Uniform (male). The uniform of private security guard/either

from the private security agency/company security force/government security
unit shall consist of headgear, service shirt, service trousers service belt and
footwear as herein prescribed. The uniform shall be made of fast navy blue thick
fabric for the trouser for daily security officers wear and for service shirts of field or
perimeter guards while a choice of light blue and/or white service shirts for
internal guards for a private security agency; light gray for company security force and
white for government security unit.

a. Headgear Pershing cap - Fast navy blue cap with gold strap, black visor,
octagonal nylon net top and prescribed SAGSD metal cap device. It shall be the
headgear for daily wear by security guards. It may be used by the security guard for
ceremonial purposes with the black strap. (See illustration, FIG.1).

b. Service Bush jacket- Service jacket shall be worn only by the Directorial and
Staff Officers of agency, color of trousers and shirt shall conform with the color
prescribed in Section 1 in the above rule.

(1) Private Security Agency. - Trousers and shirt short sleeves with shoulder
straps, two each breast and front pockets with cover flaps and fixed cloth belt fastened
by brass metal buckle. (See illustration, Fig. 2).

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(2) Company Security Force. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as in Para. b,
Section 1, this rule.

(3) Government Security Unit. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed
in para. b (1) section 1 of this rule.

c. Service Shirt for Security Officer

(1) Service uniform. –

(a) Private Security Guard - Fast navy blue, short sleeves, shoulder straps, two
breast pockets with cover flaps and navy blue front buttons, tucked in (Fig. 3)

(b) Company Security Force. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed
for private security agency except that the color is light gray and the fabric for shirt.

(c) Government Security Unit. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed
for private security agency except that the color is white and the shirt shall be fabric
“white.”

(2) Field Uniform. - (Optional for cold weather areas only);

(a) Private Security Agency. - Fast navy blue, long sleeves with buttoned cuffs,
shoulder straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps, navy blue front buttons and shirt-
jacket style with overlap waist strap. Detachable hoods shall be adopted for cold
weather area use. (Fig. 4)

(b) Company Security Force. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed
for private security agency except that the color is light gray and the fabric materials for
the shirt.

(c) Government Security Unit. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed
for private security agency except that the color is white and the shirting materials shall
be fabric. (Note: A single strand yellow lanyard may be used to secure sidearm to the
shoulder).

(3) Gala Uniform. - It shall be worn for ceremonial purposes only and at the
expense of the establishment conducting the ceremonies.

(a) Pershing cap. - This shall be same specifications and distinctions as provided
for under Sec. 1A of this Rule.

(b) Blouse. - The material shall be of fabric with colors as prescribed for
private/company/government security officers. It shall be tailored as an open coat, long
sleeves with a center flap at the back of the unsewed part of which shall be the same
level with the waistline. It shall have shoulder straps as the service Bush Jacket.
Security guard officers shall wear shoulder boards with the authorized rank design.
(Fig.5).

(c) Buttons. - There shall be four (4) big brass buttons to close dress and four (4)
small buttons for the pockets. The buttons shall be plain brass.
(d) Shirt. - The shirt shall be white long sleeves.

(e) Necktie. - It shall conform to the color of the blouse five (5) centimeters wide.

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(f) Trousers. - It shall be of the same design, style and materials as the service
trousers.

(4) Service Trouser. - Fast Navy blue color, straight cut, slanted pockets and two
back pockets without over flaps.

(5) Service Belt. – Of leather material which shall be used as pistol belt measuring
four and a half (4-1/2 centimeters in with.

(6) Footwear. –

(a) Service shoes. - Black leather shoes with rubber heels and soles, plain top low-
cut and black shoelace to be worn with plain black socks. (Fig 6).

(b) Rubber rain boots. - Optional as the nature of the post requires. (Fig.7)

SECTION 2. Uniform (Female). - The uniform of the lady security guard shall
be made of a thick fabric. It shall consist of a modified overseas cap two (2) ply
similar to the women police service, service skirts (palda) and blouse, service belt
and black leather shoes as herein described and/or illustrated.

A. Headgear. - Fast navy blue (2 ply) cap without piping but with regulation cap
device. (Figure 8)

a. Service shirt –

(1) Private Security Agency. - Fast navy blue, light blue or white, thick fabric, short
sleeves, shoulder straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps and navy blue front
buttons, tucked in. (See illustration, Fig.9).

(2) Company Security Force. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as prescribed
for private security agency except that the shirting materials shall be fabric “Light Gray”
in color.

(3) Government Security Unit. - It shall be sewn in the same manner as the
private/company agency except that the shirting materials shall be white fabric.

b. Service trousers. - Fast navy blue thick fabric trousers, straight cut with slanted
side pocket and two back pockets without cover flaps. It may be worn during night
duty/inclement weather. (FIG.10)

c. Service skirt. - (Optional) Navy blue A-line skirt with two front slide pockets. It
may be worn when posted indoors.

d. Service belt. - Of leather material which shall be used as pistol belt measuring
four and one half (4-1/2 centimeters in width. (Fig. 11)

e. Footwear. -

(1) Service shoes - Plain black shoes, low-cut rubber soles and heel (maximum of
five cms.) and black shoes laces.(Fig. 12)

(2) Rubber rain boots black - Optional as the nature of post so requires.

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SECTION 3. Ornaments and patches. -

a. National badge. - as approved by C, PNP (As illustrated in Fig. 13)

b. Cap device. - The brass cap device as approved by the Chief of Philippine
National Police shall be attached on the Pershing cap of officers (Figure 14)

c. Regulation Buckle - as approved by C, PNP without agency name (as illus. in

FIG.15)

d. Collar device - (as illustrated in Figure 16)

e. Name cloth - shall consist of embroidered navy blue black- lettered surname and
initials of first and middle names on yellow background with blue borderline, his names
on yellow background with blue borderline, his name shall be preceded by the word:
Security Guard” or “SG”. The letter shall be one and one half (1-1/2) centimeters in
height and the name cloth shall be sewn on the right top pocket (as illustrated in Fig.
17).

f. Agency/unit name cloth. - A similarly embroidered agency/unit cloth shall be

sewn on the top of the left breast pocket, navy blue block-lettered on yellow
background. (As illustrated in Fig. 18).

g. Equipment and paraphernalia. –

(1) Security Director/Inspector

(a) Leather pistol belt with regulation buckle; and

(b) Holster, black leather.

(2) Security Guard (male or female):

(a) Black leather belt for pistol and nightstick with regulation buckle (as illus. in Fig.
19);

(b) Holster, black leather for pistol, night stick and handheld radio;

(c) Nightstick (Baton) with horizontal handle (Fig. 20).

(d) Whistle with lanyard (Fig. 21);

(e) Pocket notebook with writing pen.

SECTION 4. Design and Use of White Uniform. – A special set of security personnel
uniform shall be prescribed for security personnel posted at hotels, resorts, cultural and
entertainment areas and other sites noted as tourist-heavy areas.

A special set of security personnel uniform shall be prescribed for security personnel
posted at department stores noted as tourist-heavy areas, banks and other foreign
clientele.

a. Uniform (male)- The special set of uniform for security agencies officer/guard
and lady guard shall consist of pershing cap, ball cap, service bush, jacket, service shirt,
service trousers, service belt, necktie, lanyard and footwear.

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(1) Pershing cap – same as defined in Section 1 a (2), Rule VI. It shall be fast navy
blue with gold strap, black visor, octagonal nylon net top and prescribed metal cap
device. It shall be worn by security agency officers and guards while wearing a
complete special type of uniform. (See illustration in FIG.1).

(2) Service Bush Jacket - It shall be white ramie polyester fabric and shall be sewn
short sleeves with shoulder straps, two each breast and front pockets with cover flaps
and fixed cloth belt fastened with metal buckle.

It shall be worn by security agency officer while on duty at indoor places with
complete prescribed paraphernalia and agency/client patches. (FIG.2)

(3) Service Shirt - It shall be white cotton/cotton polyester fabric and shall be sewn
short sleeves as the case maybe, shoulder straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps
and white front buttons. It shall be worn by security guards while on duty as designated
indoor places with complete prescribed paraphernalia and agency/client patches. Tuck-
in. (Fig. 3)

(4) Service Trousers - Fast navy blue color, straight cut, slanted pockets and two
back pockets with cover flaps. It shall be worn by security agency officer and security
guards. (Fig. 2)

(5) Service Belt - It shall be black in color, leather, to be used as pistol belt
measuring four and one-half centimeters in width. (Fig. 5) It shall be worn by both
security officers and security guards while in complete special type of uniform.

(6) Necktie - Plain fast navy blue and five centimeters wide. It shall be worn by
security guards while in complete special type of uniform. (Fig. 23)

(7) Lanyard - Navy blue in color, same style as used by AFP or PNP Personnel. It
shall be worn by security agency officers and security guards while in complete special
type of uniform.

(8) Footwear - Black leather shoes with rubber heels and soles, plain top low-cut
and black shoelace to be worn with plain black socks.

(9) Ball cap - It shall be fast navy blue round nylon net top with visor and prescribed
embroidered cloth cap device. It shall be optional in lieu of the pershing cap.

b. Uniform (Female) - The uniform for a lady security guard shall consist of an
oversea cap two (2) ply service bush jacket, service belt, lanyard and black leather
shoes.

(1) Bush cap - Fast navy blue (2 ply) without piping but with regulation cap device.

(2) Service Bush Jacket - It shall be white in color and shall be sewn in same style
as that of security agency officer. It shall be worn by security lady officer with complete
prescribed paraphernalia, name cloths and agency/ client patches.

(3) Service Shirt - White ramie polyester fabric and shall be sewn short sleeves or
long sleeves as the case maybe, shoulder straps, two breast pockets with cover flaps
and navy blue front buttons. It shall be worn by private security lady guard with
complete prescribed paraphernalia, name cloth agency/client patches, service belt,
lanyard. Tuck in. This type of uniform shall be worn only at indoor places.

(4) Service Belt -

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(5) Lanyard -

(6) Service Skirt - A line skirt with two front slide pockets. It shall be worn when
posted indoors.

(7) Footwear - Plain black leather shoes, low-cut rubber sole and heel (maximum of
five cm) and black shoelaces.

c. Paraphernalia - As prescribed under Sec.3 Rule VI, IRR, RA 5487, as amended.

SECTION 5. The special set of uniform in Section 4 above shall be

prescribed/authorized to be issued only on a case to case basis at the areas as herein
authorized upon prior request of the clients concerned; provided that the request is
predetermined on the need of the workplace for the use of the special set of uniform
and NOT on the individual desire of the agency or client.

SECTION 6. Provision for uniform. – All employers/owners/ operators of private

security agency/company security force shall provide at least one (1) set of the
prescribed uniform free of charge to their respective security guard for every year of
service with them. Likewise, all licensed security guard shall provide themselves
with one (1) set of the prescribed uniform once a year unless their
employers provide it for free.

SECTION 7. Manufacture/tailoring. - The heads/operators of the Private Security

Agencies. Company Security Force and Government Security Unit shall be responsible
for the manufacture and/or tailoring of the prescribed uniform for their respective
security guard.

PART 2
BASIC EQUIPMENT

SECTION 8. Basic Equipment.

a. The following shall comprise of the Basic Equipment of a security guard which
shall be made mandatory and ready for his/her use while performing post, conduction,
armored service duties and the like:

1. Prescribed Basic Uniform

2. Nightstick/baton

3. Whistle

4. Timepiece (synchronized)

5. Writing pen

6. Notebook and duty checklist (electronic or not)

7. Flashlight

8. First Aid Kit

9. Service Firearms (as required)

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b. The security agency shall have the responsibility of ensuring the availability and
issuance of the basic equipment to its posted guards.

c. Security Guards shall be responsible for inspecting operability of basic

equipment issued to him, and be responsible for keeping himself acquainted with the
proper use of these.

SECTION 9. Other Equipment.

a. Apart from the mandatory basic equipment, other equipment may be issued to
the security guard as determined necessary following client contract requirement,
provided that the security guard shall have acquired the prior training/knowledge on the
proper use of the same but not limited to the following:

1. Handcuffs

2. Metal detectors

3. Communications Radio

4. Stun devices

5. Armor vests

6. canine (k-9) units

b. Electronic and/or communication devices requiring registration under the

jurisdiction of other government agencies shall be complied with prior to issuance for
use of the security guard.

c. Live units such as canine (dogs), shall require prior training confirmation and
registration with the PNP before utilization by any security agency purposely to ensure
truthful deployment versus client requirement or purpose of operation.

PART 3
UNIFORM AND EQUIPMENT BOARD

SECTION 10. Modifications, Additions and Exemptions. Any changes or additions

to the above described uniforms, paraphernalia and equipment, and/or
exemptions to the prescribed uniforms, equipment and/or paraphernalia may
be made through or through the initiation of SAGSD-CSG for the approval of a
Private Security Personnel Uniform and Equipment Board organized by the Chief,
SAGSD.

SECTION 11. Composition and Representation. The Board shall at least be

composed of representatives from the PNP, PADPAO and/or concerned sector of the
private security industry, Licensed Security Personnel Practitioners and if needed
representative client/clients of distinguished reputation.

SECTION 12. Effectivity and Transition. Changes or modifications of basic uniform,

paraphernalia or equipment shall be made effective only with ample transition to
temper the cost of adoption. Provided that, approved exemptions for alternatives
to operative provisions may be made effective on the date of approval.

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RULE IX
RANKS, POSITIONS, STAFFING PATTERN AND JOB DESCRIPTION

SECTION 1. Ranks and Position- The security agency operator/owner must

observe the required major ranks and positions in the organization of the agency.

a. Security Management Staff

1. Security Director (SD)– Agency Manager/Chief Security Officer.

2. Security Executive Director (SED) – Assistant Agency Manager/Assistant Chief

Security Officer;

3. Security Staff Director (SSD) – Staff Director for Operation and Staff Director
for Administration.

4. Security Staff Director for Training – Staff in-Charge for Training

b. Line Leadership Staff

1. Security Supervisor 3 – Detachment Commanders

2. Security Supervisor 2 – Chief Inspector

3. Security Supervisor 1 – Inspector

c. Security Guard

1. Security Guard 1 – Watchman/guard

2. Security Guard 2 – Shift in-charge

3. Security Guard 3 – Post in-charge

d. Security Consultant – (optional)

SECTION 2. Staffing Pattern. – Security agency owner/manager shall follow the

required staffing pattern as follows:

a. The agency manager is automatically the Security Director who shall be

responsible for the entire operation and administration/management of the security
agency. He shall be the authorized signatory to all Duty Detail Orders, and all other
documents and communications pertinent to the operation and management of a
security agency. He may delegate certain functions to a subordinate, provided the
subordinate is qualified to discharge the given function in accordance with law.

b. The Security Agency shall appoint a staff officer as Security Training Officer, who
shall be responsible for the training of the Agency’s security personnel in accordance
with the requirements of RA 5487 and the IRR. The Training Officer shall be licensed as
a Security Officer and likewise accredited as such by the Training and Education
Branch, SAGSD.

c. The Staff Director for Operation is the staff assistant of the security manager for
the efficient operation of the agency. This position includes the responsibility to canvass
clientele and the implementation of contract and agreement. He is also responsible for
the conduct of investigation and the conduct of training.
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d. The Staff Director for Administration is the staff assistant of the agency manager
for the effective and efficient administration and management of the agency. He is
responsible for the professionalization of the personal, procurement/recruitment,
confirming of awards, mobility and issuance of FA’s.

e. The Detachment Commander is the field or area commander of the agency. The
Detachment shall consist of several posts.

f. The Chief Inspector shall be responsible for inspecting the entire area covered by
the detachment.

g. Security Inspector is responsible for the area assigned by the Chief Inspector of
the Detachment Commander.

h. Post-in-Charge is responsible for the entire detailed security office within a

certain establishment.

i. Shift in-Charge is responsible for the security officers who are scheduled in a
certain shift for a particular period.

j. Security Guard is the one actually posted as watchman and or guard.

SECTION 3. License Requirement. No person shall be designated nor be allowed to

fill-up the positions enumerated and described in the preceding sections unless he is
licensed security personnel as follows:

a. must at least be a licensed Private Security Officer to occupy Security

Management Staff position as Security Director, Security Executive Director, or Security
Staff Director;

b. must at least be a licensed Private Security Training Officer to occupy Security

Management Staff position as Security Staff Director for Training; and

c. must at least be a licensed Private Security Guard with Supervisory Training to

occupy any positions in the Line Leadership Staff.

RULE X
PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT AND ETHICS

SECTION 1. Security Guard Creed, Code of Ethics, and Code of Conduct.-

All members of the private security agency and private detective agency/company
security force/government security unit duly licensed in accordance with RA 5487,
as amended, and its implementing rules and regulations shall strictly observe
the following:

A. SECURITY GUARDS CREED

As a security guard my fundamental duty is to protect lives and property and maintain
order within my place of duty; protect the interest of my employer and our clients and
the security and stability of our government and country without compromise and
prejudice, honest in my action, words and thought; and do my best to uphold the
principle: MAKADIOS, MAKABAYAN, MAKATAO at MAKAKALIKASAN.

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B. ETHICAL STANDARD

a. As a security guard/detective his fundamental duty is to serve the interest or

mission of his agency in compliance with the contract entered into with clients or
customers of the agency he is supposed to serve;

b. He shall be honest in thoughts and deeds both in his personal and official
actuations, obeying the laws of the land and the regulations prescribed by his agency
and those established by the company he is supposed to protect;

c. He shall not reveal any confidential information confided to him as a security

guard and such other matters imposed upon him by law;

d. He shall act at all times with decorum and shall not permit personal feelings,
prejudices and undue friendship to influence his actuation while in the performance of
his official functions;

e. He shall not compromise with criminals and other lawless elements to the
prejudice of the customers or clients and shall assist the government in its relentless
drive against lawlessness and other forms of criminality;

f. He shall carry out his assigned duties as required by law to the best of his ability
and shall safeguard the life and property of the establishment he is assigned to;

g. He shall wear his uniform, badge, patches and insignia properly as a symbol of
public trust and confidence, as an honest and trustworthy security guard and private
detectives;

h. He shall keep his allegiance first to the government, then to the agency where he
is employed and to the establishment he is assigned to serve with loyalty and utmost
dedication;

i. He shall diligently and progressively familiarize himself with the rules and
regulations laid down by his agency and those of the customers or clients;

j. He shall at all times be courteous, respectful and salute his superior officers,
government officials and officials of the establishment where he is assigned or the
company he is supposed to serve;

k. He shall report for duty always in proper uniform and neat in his appearance; and

l. He shall learn at heart and strictly observe the laws and regulations governing
the use of firearms.

C. CODE OF CONDUCT

a. He shall carry with him at all times during his tour of duty his license,
identification card and duty detail order with an authority to carry firearm;

b. He shall not use his license and other privileges if any, to the prejudice of the
public, the client or customer and his agency;

c. He shall not engage in any unnecessary conversation with anybody except in the
discharge of his duties or sit down unless required by the nature of his work and shall at
all times keep himself alert during his tour of duty;

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d. He shall refrain from reading newspapers, magazines, books, etc, while actually
performing his duties;

e. He shall not drink any intoxicating liquor immediately before and during his tour
of duty;

f. He shall know the location of the alarm box near his post and sound the alarm in
case of fire or disorder.

g. He shall know how to operate any fire extinguisher at his post;

h. He shall know the location of the telephone and/or telephone number of the
police precincts as well as the telephone numbers of the fire stations in the locality;

i. He shall immediately notify the police in case of any sign of disorder, strike, riot
or any serious violation of the law;

j. He or his group of guards, shall not participate or integrate any disorder, strike,
riot, or any serious violations of the law;

k. He shall assist the police in the preservation and maintenance of peace and
order and in the protection of life and property having in mind that the nature of his
responsibilities is similar to that of the latter.

l. He shall familiarize himself by heart with the Private Security Agency Law (RA
5487, as amended) and these implementing rules and regulations;

m. When issued a FA she should not lend his FA s to anybody.

n. He shall always be in proper uniform and shall always carry with him his basic
requirements, and equipment’s such as writing notebook, ballpen, night stick (baton)
and/or radio.

o. He shall endeavor at all times, to merit and be worthy of the trust and confidence
of the agency he represents and the client he serves.

SECTION 2. Rules of Engagement. For the matter of performance of duties by

security personnel, rules of engagement shall be formulated through an SOP to be
issued by the Director, CSG.

SECTION 3. Creed of Security Agency Proprietor, Code of Ethics and Code of

Conduct for Private Security Force and Government Security Agencies/Company
Security Force and Government Security Unit. - All private security agencies,
company security service and government guard unit licensed to operate under RA
5487, as amended, and its implementing rules and regulations, shall adhere to the
following Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct:

A. SECURITY AGENCY OPERATOR’S CREED

As a security agency proprietor, my fundamental duty is to serve the interest of my

clientele and my security guard; protect the interest of the government; adhere
professionally in the conduct of my business without prejudices and compromises to
human rights, and uphold constantly the law and abide by the rules and regulations set
by the government in the conduct of my business.

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B. ETHICAL STANDARD

As a licensed private security agency /company security force, it shall be its prime
concern to share with other licensed agencies and company security forces, the burden
of responsibility in upholding the integrity and trust of the private security profession at
all times. In discharging this responsibility its officials shall:

a. Endeavor to fulfill their professional duties in accordance with the highest moral
principles, always conforming to the precepts of truth, fairness and justice;

b. Contribute to the national welfare by securing and preserving industrial facilities

of the country, through competent guarding services;

c. Promote the well-being of security guard thru adequate wages and other
emoluments;

d. With faith and diligence, perform their contractual obligations for the protection of
life, limb and property;

e. Constantly endeavor to raise quality standards of private security services; and

f. Continuously work with and assist the law enforcement agencies in the
preservation of peace and order in the country.

C. CODE OF CONDUCT

a. They shall at all times adhere to professional ethics and refrain from practices
that negate the best interest of the private security service industry.

b. They shall always consider that unity in the profession is vital and paramount for
the attainment of common objectives;

c. They shall not use deceitful means and/or misrepresentations in all their
business transactions. To this end, they shall avoid granting of rebates, or
commissions in securing guarding contracts;

d. They shall not indulge in cut-throat competition by undercutting the existing

contract rates between the PSA and the client and/or the minimum contract rate
prescribed under the PADPAO Memorandum Agreement in conformity with existing
minimum wage laws.

e. They shall pay their guards in accordance with rates fixed by law. They shall not
impose any unauthorized deductions on the guards to seek employment elsewhere as
they choose, subject to existing laws, nor accept a guard without clearance from the
losing agency;

f. When a prospective client with existing company security force calls/ bids for
additional security guard, all bidding security agencies shall observe the principle of
“equal pay for equal work” considering the rate of pay of the company security service
and their own guards;

g. Anchored on the principle of securing property, of providing safety of persons

and maintaining peace and order within such property, when accepting contracts with
clients having existing conflict of claims, management, ownership or administration of
properties and/or establishments, where there exist or forthcoming another
contracted/contracting agency, they should conduct themselves and their deployed
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guards in a manner primarily not to be used against each other at the same time without
compromising their respective contracts;

h. They shall endeavor to raise the standard of service in the security profession
thru incentive and in-service training;

i. They shall establish an adequate library of books, magazines and other

publications on security subject, materials, references, etc. in each PSA.

j. They shall always be truthful and accurate in reports required by SAGSD and/or
other competent authorities and be prompt in the submission of the same;

k. They shall not, under any circumstances, employ for guard duty any person
without a professional license as a security guard duly issued by the Chief, PNP;

l. They shall at all times exercise vigilance and be prepared to prevent the use of
their guards or the agency in activities inimical to the state or national security. When
activities of this nature come to their attention, they shall as a matter of duty render an
appropriate report to the PNP authorities.

SECTION 4. Sanction. – Any private security agency operator or guard who violates
the creeds, ethical standards and codes as set forth in the preceding sections, shall be
subject to the penalties provided in these implementing rules and regulations.

RULE XI
PRIVATE SECURITY TRAINING

PART 1
General Provisions

SECTION 1. Policy. The following provisions encompass all persons, natural or

juridical, who conduct and/or provide private security training and/or training
services.

SECTION 2. Private Security Training. It shall refer to training and academic

programs and courses duly approved or prescribed by the Philippine National
Police and adopted by the Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority. It includes the prelicensing requirements of individual security
guards and other security personnel approved by RA 5487, the periodic and
non-periodic in- service skill refreshers for such security personnel, and other
specialized, individual or group, private security personnel skills development.

SECTION 3. Private Security Training Services. These shall refer to the conduct of
Private Security Training, provision of the physical facilities and installation necessary in
the conduct thereof, and the provision of the appropriate management, administrative,
and instructor/training staffs therefore, the actual performance and/or exercise of which
requires the appropriate permit and/or authority as herein provided.

SECTION 4. Private Security Training Institutions. These shall refer to all persons,
natural and/or juridical, who/that provide and/or conduct private security training, and/or
services.

SECTION 5. Categories of Private Security Training. The following are the general
categories of Private Security Training:

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a. Pre-Licensing Training Programs. As a matter of licensing prerequisite, Pre-

Licensing Training Programs include all training and/or academic programs and courses
whose objective is to indoctrinate the individual with the basic skills and educational
backgrounds necessary in the effective exercise and performance of his/her
elected/would-be security/detective profession. It includes but is not limited to the Basic
Security Guard Course, the Security Officers Training Course, Private Security Agency
Operators Training/Seminar, Private Security Training Trainors’ Course.

b. Refresher Training Programs. This shall refer to periodic and non-periodic

training programs and courses designed with the objective of reinvigorating and/or
developing basic skills and knowledge gained previously or gained while in the exercise
of his/her profession as a matter of experience, to enhance current in-service and future
individual and/or collective exercise of profession. This includes mandated periodic in
service training to be initiated by employer- security agencies which is further a
prerequisite for the renewal of individual professional security licenses. It includes but is
not limited to the periodic Re- Training Course, Basic Security Supervisory Course, and
Security Supervisor Development Course.

c. Specialized Training Programs. This shall refer to training program and

courses other than those described in the preceding categories designed at developing
previously- gained skills and knowledge, designed at augmenting or expanding current
skills and knowledge, and/or designed at developing current skills and knowledge to suit
identified future applications. It includes but is not limited to such courses as the
Intelligence/Investigator Training Course, Basic Crises Management Course,
Personal/VIP Security Training Course, Armoured Car Crew Training Course, Bomb
Disposal Training Course, Bank Security Training Course, and Basic Aviation Security
Specialist Course.

SECTION 6. Categories of Private Security Training Institutions.

a) Private Security Training Systems. Government or duly registered private

training establishments, associations, firms, partnerships, corporations and the like,
which provide the physical facilities and installations, and the appropriate management,
administrative, and instruction/training staff necessary and for the purpose of conducting
Private Security Training:

1) Private Security Training Centers – Private Security Training Systems whose

primary purpose is to provide private security training and training services, may be
qualified to offer and conduct Private Security Training Programs in all categories
provided that, it has secured Regular Accreditation from the SAGSD upon compliance
and conformity with the latter’s application and approval requirements, and prior TESDA
registration/accreditation.

2) Other Juridical Entities - Private Security Training Systems whose primary

purpose is not to provide private security training and training services, may be
qualified, on interim basis, to offer and conduct Private Security Training for a specific
course/class and duration under Refresher and Specialized programs only, provided
that, it has secured prior Interim Accreditation from the SAGSD upon compliance and
conformity the latter’s application and approval requirements. Such Interim Accreditation
is also issued to those with Regular Accreditation but which cannot comply with the
renewal requirements.

3) Watchman/Security and/or Detective Agencies defined under RA 5487 as

amended, which shall not be required prior accreditation to operate, by virtue of their
License to Operate as Private Security Agency, Company Security Force or
Government Security Force, may be authorized to conduct only in-house refresher or
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specialized training for its own security personnel, upon compliance and conformity with
application and approval requirements of SAGSD.

4) Police Offices/Units assigned/designated to conduct Private Security Training,

which shall not be required TESDA registration but shall require prior official authority of
SAGSD, may conduct training in all categories but subject to requirements of Rule XI of
these rules and regulations or as may be prescribed by SAGSD.

5) Police Supervisory Office (presently the SAGSD) as having the primary

responsibility of the conduct, supervision, and control of all private security training and
training services.

b) Training Instructor. Any person who renders personal and/or professional

trainor, instructor, and/or teacher services relative to private security training by virtue of
his profession, expertise, knowledge, and/or experience in a particular field of
knowledge. Training Instructor includes but is not limited to currently or retired licensed
or accredited private security training instructors, professional educators, and/or
field/practicing experts.

SECTION 7. Validity and Duration of Accreditation.

a. Accreditation/recognition certificates issued except those under interim status,

shall be valid for not more than two (2) years unless sooner terminated, cancelled, or
revoked.

b. Letter Authority (LA) shall be a one-time-use authority issued to security training

systems, to conduct, open, offer one (1) course/class, shall be valid for not more than
six (6) months.

c. Interim accreditation shall be valid for nor more than six (6) months, unless
sooner terminated, cancelled or revoked, and may be renewed only thrice.

SECTION 8. Organization for Private Security Training. The following are the
minimum staff/personnel requirements for the conduct of a particular Private Security
Training Program or Course conducted by Regular and Interim Accredited Training
Centers: Administration Staff:

a. Center or School Superintendent/Director/Administrator.

b. Course/Training Director. Training Staff:

a. Training Officer, Regular/Special Accreditation

b. Training Instructors, Regular/Special Accreditation

c. Guest Instructors. Persons other than accredited private security training

instructors, who render personal or professional instructor, trainor, or teacher services in
a particular field of knowledge, subject, or training in a private security training
program/course as a resource because of his profession, expertise, education, and/or
experience.

SECTION 9. Limitations and Prohibitions.

a. No private security training course or class shall be conducted without the
appropriate Letter Authority (LA) to conduct training issued by SAGSD;

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b. The maximum number of students, trainees or participants for every class shall
not exceed sixty (60);

c. All training courses/classes shall be conducted only in the place/venue approved;

d. Person(s)/applicant(s) likewise suffering from disqualifications enumerated in

Section 4 of Rule I of these rule and regulation above, shall not be allowed to participate
in any private security training course/class;

e. Corollary to Section 9 (d) above, training institutions shall not accept for
enrollment disqualified applicants for training, and consequently shall be responsible for
confirming the qualifications of all training applicants;

f. Responsibility for Training and Progressive Development of Personnel - It is the

primary responsibility of all operators of private security agencies and company security
forces to maintain and upgrade the standards of efficiency, discipline, performance and
competence of their personnel. To attain this end, each duly licensed private security
agency and company security force shall establish a staff position for training and
appoint a training officer whose primary functions are to determine the training needs of
the agency/guards in relation to the needs of the client/market/industry, and to
supervise and conduct appropriate training requirements. All private security personnel
shall be re-trained at least once every two years.

g. PSAs without a Training Officer - In the event that a private security agency and
company security force shall fail to hire a Training Officer, the Security Director
assumes responsibility/ accountability for the training needs of the Agency. In order that
the training shall be conducted in accordance with the provisions of the IRR, subject
security agency shall undertake a Memorandum of Agreement with an accredited
training school to undertake the functions of the training officer as provided herein, shall
be executed. Provided that the aforesaid agreement may be canceled or suspended the
moment the private security agency/company security force shall be able to hire a
competent training officer.

h. Accredited active members of the PNP/AFP or other government agencies shall

exercise Private Security Training profession only to the extent as officially allowed by
their respective offices, after office hours or as authorized by law.

PART 2
Conduct of Private Security Training

SECTION 10. Preparations before the Conduct of Training

a. A request for Letter Authority to Conduct Training shall be submitted to Chief,

SAGSD with the following attachments:

1. A photocopy of TESDA Recognition Certificate

2. Appointment of accredited Training Director

3. Photocopies of SAGSD accreditation of the teaching staff

4. Training Schedule

5. SSS Employment History Certificate of trainees/participants

6. Clearances (NP, Drug Test, PNP DI, Court & NBI)

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7. Subsequently on the second request for LA, the SBR (Training Fee) of the
previously conducted course/class shall be attached.

b. All Region based applicants requests shall be endorsed by respective PNP

Police Regional Office.

SECTION 11. Conduct of Training

a. The School Director/Guest shall formally open each class.

b. One (1) day after its opening, a report containing the following data (name of
student, age, sex, height, status educational attainment, agency, address and remarks)
shall be submitted to Chief, SAGSD

c. Participants shall be graded thru written, oral and practical examinations.

d. Participants who accumulate absences exceeding twenty (20%) percent of the

total number of training shall be dropped.

e. School/Center policies shall be enforced at all times.

f. The School, Center or, PSA shall also ensure the maintenance of orderliness,
presentability, discipline and security of its training facilities and all persons therein.

g. A General Knowledge Examination (GKE) shall be administered by SAGSD

(Private Security Training Management Branch) one (1) day before the closing of each
class provided a photocopy of the proof of payment (SBR) for the ongoing class is
submitted.

h. Any student who fails the GKE may be given three (3) chances to retake, after
which if he fails, he shall repeat the course.

SECTION 12. General Knowledge Examination

a. A General Knowledge Examination (GKE) shall be administered by the PNP and

shall be given each graduate after completion of each training course as a matter of
evaluating the graduate’s assimilation of the course in relation to his qualification for
license to exercise private security profession. The GKE shall also be used among
others, to evaluate the quality of training of or transmission of the course by the
accredited training systems.

b. For region-based Training Centers/Schools, FESAGS, ROPD will administer the

GKE and submit. After GKE Result to SAGSD five (5) days after the closing of each
class for reference and disposition.

SECTION 13. After Training.

a. Each course must be formally closed by the Training Director or by an invited

Guest.

b. A Closing report in a prescribed format, shall be submitted five (5) days after
graduation of each class to Chief, SAGSD.
c. Upon completion of the course, the School shall furnish all students the following
documents:

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1. Declaration of Graduates

2. Order of Merit

3. Certificate of Completion (Diploma)

4. GKE Certificate

5. Opening Report/Closing Report (indicating therein name of student, age, height,

weight, status, sex, educational attainment, grade and remarks)

6. School Accreditation Number

7. Name of School, telephone number/address

8. Course title, Class Number, Letter Authority Number and Control Number and
Inclusive dates of training.

SECTION 14. Processing of Students. Accredited Training Schools, Centers or

PSAs shall have the responsibility of and be accountable for the initial
processing for the qualification and fitness of all applicants/registrants for
enrolment to the corresponding class/course being applied for with their respective
schools, centers or PSAs.

SECTION 15. Duration of Courses. Duration of courses shall conform with the
corresponding Program of Instructions (POI) for each type of course/training/seminar,
prescribed by the PNP and adopted by the TESDA.

SECTION 16. Basic Guarding Subjects. The following shall at least be the basic
knowledge and/or subject requirements on guarding or providing security that
private security personnel trainees should be imparted with:

a. Principles, definitions, aspects and risks of guarding and security

b. General Orders and Functions of a Guard

c. Patrolling, observation and description, recording and reporting, investigation

d. Visitor, material and vehicle movement/access control/denial

e. Inspection and key control procedures

f. Public relations, regulation/law enforcement and arrests

g. Communications and other equipment

h. Reaction to emergencies (bomb threat, disaster, fire, injury or sickness etc)

SECTION 17. Fees and Charges

a. Consistent with laws existing during this formulation, the Chief of Philippine
National Police or his authorized representative shall impose the following fees and
charges relative to private security training:
1) Pre-Licensing Training Programs Basic Security Guard Training Course P
200.00/PARTICIPANT Security Officer Training Course P 300.00/participant Private

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Security Training Trainor’s Course P 300.00/participant Private Detective Training P

300.00/participant

2) Refresher Training Programs SG In-Service Training P 100.00/PARTICIPANT

Other refresher/re-training courses P 50.00/participant

3) Specialized Training Courses (all) P 100.00/PARTICIPANT

b. The same schedule of fees will also be charged from individual walk-in applicants
who will avail of the private security training programs.

c. Serialized certificates of completion/participation shall be given to each

participant which issuance shall be managed by SAGSD.

d. The following shall be collected as permit fees from among the Private Security
Training Institutions which are conducting Private Security Training, for every Letter of
Authority / Training Directive for:

Pre-licensing Training P 100.00 Refresher Training P 100.00

Any Specialized Training P 100.00

e. The following shall be collected as accreditation fees from among the approved
applicants for:

Accreditation of Training Systems P 2,500.00/YR Accreditation of Training Personnel:

Training Consultant P 150.00/YR Training Officer P 150.00/YR Training Instructor P
150.00/YR
f. The fees collected shall accrue to the PNP in accordance with the provisions of
Rule VI hereof Rules and Regulations.

PART 3
Accreditation and Processing

SECTION 18. Private Security Training Related Processing.

All processing, standards and documentary requirements relative to the conduct of

private security training shall be prescribed in a Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) to
be issued by SAGSD.

SECTION 19. Accreditation of Training Schools or Centers

a. Pre-inspection

1. A joint Inspection Team composed of two (2) Technical Experts each from PNP
SAGSD and TESDA shall be designated as inspectors to check the following:

a. Physical appearance of the school/center

b. Training aids & materials/references/books

c. Training staffs (SAGSD accreditation)

d. Program of Instructions

e. Training Facilities (drills & ceremonies, Unarmed defense)

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f. MOA with Firing Range Owner

2. A Letter Order duly signed by the Chief, SAGSD will be the authority in the
conduct of inspection indicating therein as specified in the Inspection Checklist (Name
of Training School, venue, date of inspection, name of Inspectors, courses offered, list
of mandatory requirements, additional findings, recommendations/remarks and
acknowledgement receipt by the school staff/representative).

b. Conduct of Inspection

1. The Joint Inspection Team will introduce themselves to the School Director
and/or Training Staff.

2. If defects are noted, it shall be properly indicated on the Inspection Checklist and
shall be acknowledged by the school representative present during the inspection, after
which a re-inspection shall be recommended by the inspectors.

3. If the defects were complied during the re-inspection, it shall be properly

documented (pictorials to be attached).

c. Post Inspection

1. The results of inspection shall be the basis for the granting of Recognition
Certificate issued by TESDA.

2. The Certificate of TESDA Recognition shall be submitted with the application for
Accreditation to Chief, SAGSD with the following attachments:

(a) Corporate & Administrative Documents

(b) Board Resolution to offer the Program

(c) SEC Registration & Articles of Incorporation

(d) Proof of building ownership or Lease Contract at least 5 yrs

(e) Fire Safety Certificate

(f) Curricular Requirements

(g) Curriculum (including job titles & competencies developed)

(h) Course and subjects description

(i) List of Supplies, tools and equipment for the Program

(j) List of instructional materials (books, videotapes, internet access, unarmed

defense equipment, others)

(k) Training Schedules

(l) Faculty and Personnel (with resume/biodata)

(m) List of Officials & their Qualifications

(n) List of Faculty for the Program & their Qualifications

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(o) Academic Rules and Student-Instructor Conduct

(p) Schedule of Tuition & other Fees

(q) Grading System

(r) Entrance Requirements

(s) Rules on Attendance

(t) Other Support Services

(u) Health Services

(v) Career Guidance/Placement Services

(w) Community Outreach Program

d. Issuance of Accreditation.

1. The Chief, SAGSD shall have the authority to approve, disapprove, cancel or
suspend accreditations of private security training schools/centers.

2. Approved applications for accreditations shall be issued the corresponding

Certificates of Accreditation following a design and format prescribed in a circular by
Chief, SAGSD.

SECTION 20. Accreditation of Training Personnel

a. Qualifications of the Teaching Staff:

1. Training Director

(a) Holder of Masteral Degree, Board /Bar Passers

(b) Must have at least five (5) years’ experience in the operation and management of
a security business

(c) Must have no criminal record

(d) Must be physically and mentally fit

2. Training Officer

(a) Baccalaureate Degree holder (4 years)

(b) Must have taken/passed the Private Security Trainor’s Course

(c) Must have served at least five (5) years in the security industry

(d) Must have no criminal record

(e) Must be physically and mentally fit

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3. Training Instructor

(a) A graduate of a Baccalaureate Degree Course (preferably BSEEd)

(b) Must have taken the Private Security Trainor’s Course sponsored by
CSG/SAGSD/PARSTS

(c) Must have served the security industry for at least three (3) years

(d) Must be physically and mentally fit

(e) Must have no criminal record

b. Requirements for Accreditation of the Teaching Staff. The following shall be the
supporting documents accompanying the application for accreditation:

1. Training Director

(a) Basic letter request addressed to Chief, SAGSD (Attn: C, PSTM Branch)

(b) Transcript of Records

(c) College Diploma and/or Post Grad Studies)

(d) Certification from Private Security Training School/Agency that he has five (5)
years experience in the security industry

(e) Documentary Clearances (NP & Drug Test, Barangay, Mayor, Court, PNP DI &
NBI)

(f) Latest updated Resume with 2X2 ID picture (colored)

2. Training Officer

(a) Basic letter request addressed to Chief, SAGSD (Attn: C, PSTM Branch)

(b) Transcript of Records

(c) College Diploma

(d) Must have actual experience in Security Management or government service for
at least five (5) years continuous service

(e) Certificate of Security Trainor’s Course

(f) Documentary Clearances (NP, Drug Test, Barangay, Mayor, PNP DI, Court &
NBI)

(g) Latest updated Resume with 2X2 ID picture (colored)

(h) Certification from Private Security Training School/Center/ and/or Agency that he
has five
(5) years experience in the security industry

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3. Training Instructor

(a) Basic letter request addressed to Chief, SAGSD (Attn: C, PSTM Branch)
indicating the subject of expertise

(b) Transcript of Records

(c) College Diploma

(d) Certificate of Private Security Trainor’s Course

(e) Documentary Clearances (NP, Drug Test, Barangay, Mayor, PNP DI, Court &
NBI)

(f) Certification from Private Security Training School/Center and/or Agency that he
has served five (5) years in the security industry.

c. All applicants from the Region must be properly endorsed by the C, ROPD.

d. Issuance of Accreditation.

a. The Chief, SAGSD shall have the authority to approve, disapprove, cancel or
suspend accreditations of private security training personnel.

b. Approved applications for accreditations shall be issued the corresponding

Certificates of Accreditation following a design and format prescribed in a circular by
Chief, SAGSD.

PART 4
Private Security Training Board

SECTION 21. Private Security Training Board. The Chief, SAGSD upon
determination of need, may organize a Private Security Training Board with at least
one (1) representation from the PADPAO, Philippine Association of
Recognized Security Training Schools (PARSTS) and TESDA for the following
purposes relative to private security training:

a. Conduct of random training visitation

b. Prescribe accreditation processing procedures, standards and requirements

c. Prescribe course POIs and subjects

d. Prescribe training procedures, guides and regulations

e. Prescribe exemptions and waivers

f. Prescribe course equivalents

g. Others as may be directed by Chief, SAGSD

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RULE XII
UTILIZATION OF PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCIES AND PERSONNEL

PART 1

SECTION 1. Powers of city municipal mayors in case of emergency - In case of

emergency or in times of disaster or calamity when the services of any security
agency/entity and its personnel are needed, the city or municipal mayor may muster
or incorporate the members of the agency or agencies nearest the area of such disaster
or calamity to help in the maintenance of peace and order, prevention of crime, or
apprehension of violators of laws or ordinance, and in the protection of lives and
properties. The deputized security guard shall receive direct orders from the Chief
of Police of the city or municipality for the duration of the emergency, disaster or
calamity.

SECTION 2. Supervision of the PNP. The PNP shall exercise general supervision
over the operators of all security agencies and guards. In case of emergency or in times
of disaster or calamities, the Chief, PNP may deputize any security guard to assist the
PNP in the performance of police duties for the duration of such emergency,
disaster or calamity. Licensed guards, who are actually assigned to clients with
Duty Detail Orders (DDO), shall be deputized by the Chief, PNP, and clothed with
authority to enforce laws, rules and regulations within his area of responsibility.

PART 2

SECTION 3. Security Guard Post Service. Private security guards shall perform
personal service to watch or secure private or public establishments or property,
maintain peace and order and protect lives of persons through any form of access
control/denial, sentry operation, patrolling, establishing reaction teams and the like
provided that:

a. No Private Security Guard performing post service shall act or serve as

bodyguard or personal security escort of any person;

b. The private security guard shall always be in the uniform prescribed for guards
on post, specially when bearing firearms;

c. The services rendered are confined to the premises and/or property being
secured;

d. Private Security Guards performing as security aides, or back-up/support of

guards performing Post Service, or performing electronic monitor/security system
operation shall not bear firearms and may not be required to use the prescribed
uniforms of guards on post.

SECTION 4. Security Guard Conduction Service. Private security guards shall

perform personal service to watch or secure movable private or public property in transit
like but not limited to seafaring/ocean vessels, aircrafts, land-locked vehicles, or
valuables/cash in transit using any means of transportation except armored vehicles,
provided that:

a. No Private Security Guard performing conduction service shall act or serve as

bodyguard or personal security escort of any person;

b. The private security guard must always be in uniform prescribed for guards on
post service, specially when bearing firearms.
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SECTION 5. Armored Vehicle/Guard Service. Private security guards shall perform

security escort service for the protection of large amount of cash or valuables through
the operation of armored vehicles, usually for deposit pick-up or delivery, provided that:

a. No Private Security Guard performing armored service shall act or serve as

bodyguard or personal security escort of any person;
b. The private security guard must always be in uniform prescribed for guards on
armored service, specially when bearing firearms;

c. Over and above the registration required of vehicles and operation of such under
existing transportation laws, all armored vehicles in the fleet of PSA/CGF armored
service providers shall be inventoried/reported with the PNP;

d. All security personnel performing armored vehicle operation shall have a

specified training and qualification requirement over and above the basic requirements
for security guards;

e. Unless inconsistent with other laws or circulars, the minimum built requirement
for armored vehicles shall be of bullet-resistant materials capable of withstanding the
effects of high-powered firearms, provided with a vault, safe or partition wall with
combination lock designed in such a way that access to valuables/cash deposit into it is
denied while in transit;

f. The minimum crew shall be composed of a vehicle operator preferably licensed

security guard and two (2) security personnel;

g. Private Security Armored Services providers to the banking and other financial
system shall conform with the requirements of the Banko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP);

h. The standards, requirements, organization, operation and training for private

security armored services shall be provided in an SOP issued by the Director, CSG.

SECTION 6. Investigation and Detective Services. Inherent to the provision of

security services, all PSAs, CGFs, GGUs, and PDAs may offer private investigative and
detective services for the purpose of assisting in gathering information leading to
determination and/or prevention of criminal acts and/or resolution of legal, financial and
personal cases/problems, provided that:

a. Only licensed private detectives shall perform or render investigative and

detective duties;

b. No PSA, CGF or, GGU shall provide or offer personal security protection service;

c. Only PDAs and licensed private detectives as qualified and trained, and
explicitly/specifically authorized by the PNP may render personal security protection
services;

d. The standards, requirements, organization, operation and training for personal

security protection services shall be provided in an SOP/circular issued by the CPNP
through the recommendation of the Director, CSG in coordination with the PNP
Directorate for Operations, Directorate for Intelligence and Police Security and
Protection Office.

SECTION 7. Electronic Security Systems and Services. Security Agencies in

providing security services may utilize scientifically designed electronic security systems

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like but not limited to the anti- burglary, robbery, or intrusion alarms, closed circuit
television recording and monitoring under the following conditions:

a. Only trained licensed private security guards may operate electronic security
systems;

b. PSAs offering the system shall be accountable for the legitimate registration and
licensing of these devices and their operators with the appropriate government agency;

SECTION 8. Other services. Requirements, standards, organization, operation and

training for services which are covered by this Rule, Rule III (definition of terms) and
elsewhere in these rules and regulations shall be prescribed in an SOP issued by the
Director, CSG.

RULE XIII
POWERS AND DUTIES

SECTION 1. Territorial power - A security guard shall watch and secure the
property of the person, firm, or establishment with whom he or his agency has a
contract for security services. Such service shall not, however, extend beyond the
property or compound of said person, firm or establishment except when required
by the latter in accordance with the terms of their contract to escort, or in hot pursuit of
criminal offenders.

SECTION 2. Arrest by security guard. - A security guard, or private detective is

not a police officer and is not, therefore, clothed with police authority. However,
he may effect arrest under any of the following circumstances:

a. When, in his presence, the person to be arrested has committed, is actually

committing, or is attempting to commit an offence;

b. When an offense has just been committed and he has probable cause to believe
based on personal knowledge of facts and circumstances that the person to be arrested
has committed it; and

c. When the person to be arrested is a prisoner who has escaped from a penal
establishment or place where he is serving final judgment or temporarily confined while
his case is pending or has escaped while being transferred from one confinement to
another (Section 6, Rule 113, Rule of Court).

SECTION 3. Method of Arrest. - When making an arrest, the watchman, security guard
or private detective shall inform the person to be arrested of the intention to arrest him
and cause of the arrest, unless the person to be arrested is then engaged in the
commission of an offense or after an escape, or flees, or forcibly resists before
the person making the arrest has opportunity so to inform him, or when the giving of
such information will imperil the arrest. (Section 10,LBID).

SECTION 4. Duty of security guard making arrest. -Any security guard making
arrest, shall immediately turn over the person arrested to the nearest peace officer,
police outpost or headquarters for custody and/or appropriate action, or he may
without necessary delay and within the time prescribed in Article 125 of the
Revised Penal Code, as amended, take the person arrested, to the proper Court
of Law or judge for such action as they may deem proper to take. (Section 17,
bid).

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SECTION 5. Search without warrant. - Any security guard may, incident to the
arrest, search the person so arrested in the presence of at least two (2) witnesses.
He may also search employees of the person firm or establishment with which
he is or his agency has a contract of private detective, watchman or security
services, when such search is required by the very nature of the business of the
person, firm or establishment.
SECTION 6. General Orders. - All security guards shall memorize and strictly keep by
heart the following general orders:

a. To take charge of the post and all company properties in view and protect/
preserve the same with utmost diligence;

b. To walk in an alert manner during my tour of duty and observing everything that
takes place within sight or hearing;

c. To report all violations of regulations and orders I am instructed to enforce;

d. To relay all calls from posts more distant from the security house where I am
stationed;

e. To quit my post only when properly relieved;

f. To receive, obey and pass on to the relieving guard all orders from company
officers or officials, supervisors, post in charge or shift leaders;

g. To talk to one except in line of duty;

h. To sound or call the alarm in case of fire or disorder;

i. To call the superior officer in any case not covered by instructions;

j. To salute all company officials, superiors in the agency, ranking public officials
and officers of Philippine National Police; and

k. To be especially watchful at night and during the time of challenging, to challenge

all persons on or near my post and to allow no one to pass or loiter without proper
authority.

SECTION 7. Duty to Assist Law Enforcers - Any security guard shall be duty bound to
assist any peace officer in the pursuit of his bounding duty, when requested, provided it
is within the territorial jurisdiction of his (security officer) area of duty.

RULE XIV
REPORTS AND RECORDS

SECTION 1. Reports. The following reports shall be submitted:

a. Guard/Firearm strength reports shall be rendered periodically in formats and

procedures prescribed by the Chief, Security Agencies and Guards Supervision Division
(SAGSD)/ Chief, Firearms and Explosives Division (FED), respectively, through the
Regional Offices who shall conduct periodic inspections within their areas of
responsibility to verify the strength reports furnished their respective offices.

b. Crime incident reports.

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c. Other reports required shall be prescribed in appropriate orders, circulars or

memoranda.

SECTION 2. Records and Files of Agencies. - The following records and files
shall be maintained by all private security agency, company security force and
government security unit of offices and shall be made available for inspection by
the Chief, Philippine National Police or his authorized representatives:
a. Prescribed monthly reports;

b. Current service contracts in individual folders chronologically arranged (for

private security agency only);

c. Alphabetically arranged individual folders of guards containing their personal bio-

data using the latest SAGSD Form 01-94, photocopies of licenses and other personal
documents (i.e. High School diploma, Pre-licensing certificate, etc.);

d. Individual records of offenses, SAGSD Form 13-94; Authenticated photo copy of

record of offenses shall support recommendations for revocation of licenses of
undesirable incorrigible security guards;

e. Property book, containing lists of firearms and other properties supported by

proper documentation;

f. Payroll/vouchers of payments;

g. Performance Report/records of conduct of security personnel; and,

h. Other records pertinent to the operation of the agency as maybe required.

RULE XV
INSPECTIONS

SECTION 1. Policy.

a. Periodic and non-periodic inspections shall be conducted on all Security

Agencies (Private Security/Detective Agency, Company Guard Force, Government
Security Force), Security Training Schools (Private Security Training Institutions) and
Security and/or Training Personnel.

b. Inspections shall be conducted based on the following:

1) Pre-Licensing Inspection – Periodic inspections conducted to determine

compliance with the provisions of R.A. 5487 prior to the issuance of License to Operate
(LTO) a Security Agency and/or Accreditation to operate a Security Training School.

2) Post-Licensing Inspection – Periodic and/or non- periodic inspections

conducted during the operation of Security Agencies and/or Security Training Schools
to ascertain whether the provisions of R.A. 5487 and its IRR are complied with, to
ensure correction of defects/violations noted, and to recommend to the operators
appropriate measures to improve their operations.

SECTION 2. Authority.

a. The Chief, SAGSD or his representative shall conduct the appropriate inspection
hereto prescribed.

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b. Regional Directors of Police Regional Offices (PNP PROs), thru the Firearms,
Explosives, Security Agencies and Guards Section (FESAGS), within jurisdiction, shall
conduct the inspections

c. The Chief, PNP and/or the Director, PNP Civil Security Group (CSG) thru
SAGSD, or their authorized representatives, may authorize the conduct of inspections.

SECTION 3. Types of Inspections.

a. Post to Post Inspection – Inspection conducted on detailed/posted security

guards to determine proper compliance of regulations related to uniforms, general
physical appearance, documentation and other requirements in the actual service of
duty. This may also be an inspection conducted as an aid to investigation.

b. Administrative Inspection (Office, Files and Records Inspection) – Inspection

conducted to determine compliance with records, files and other administrative
requirements for operating a security agency and/or exercising security profession.

SECTION 4. Procedures.

a. Organization for the Inspection

1) The inspection shall be composed of at least three (3) personnel organized as a

team and led by a Police Commissioned Officer.

2) The designation, functions and responsibilities of the inspecting team shall be

organized as follows:

One (1) PCO – Team Leader

One (1) Senior PNCO – Assistant Team Leader/inspector- recorder

One (1) PNCO – Driver/inspector-evidence custodian

3) Members of the inspection team shall be in complete uniform with proper

identification and preferably using a marked/uniformed vehicle for easy identification,
except however during covert operation/inspection.

4) The inspection team shall be covered with the appropriate Letter Order with
specified purpose, destination and period of inspection, among others, duly signed by
the following or their authorized representative:

a) Chief, PNP

b) Director, CSG

c) Regional Director, Police Regional Office

d) Chief, SAGSD

b. Conduct of Inspection.

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1) Administrative Inspection

a) The inspection team shall introduce themselves to the operator or to his

representative available during the inspection, state the purpose of the inspection and
present the appropriate Letter Order (LO).

b) The inspection will be conducted by using the inspection checklist (PNP SAGSD
form # 9 and/or PNP SAGSD Training Inspection Checklist) as guide and may demand
other pertinent documents related to the purpose of the inspection.

c) Administrative defects/violations observed or noted, shall be reflected on

comments/findings portion of the inspection checklist. Separate inspection report maybe
rendered if deemed necessary.

d) Appropriate recommendations shall be likewise indicated at the portion provided

in the checklist.

e) The inspection team shall conduct exit briefing to ascertain acknowledgement of

defects by the operator and to recommend to the operator to institute appropriate
corrective measures.

f) If the inspection is a pre-licensing administrative inspection initiated by SAGSD, a

transmittal/endorsement shall be forwarded C, SAGSD together with the application
folder and the inspection checklist. If initiated at the Police Regional Offices, the
inspection report shall form part of the application to be transmitted to SAGSD.

g) In the event that defects/violations noted are penalized by fines under the IRR to
RA 5487, as amended, procedures in Section 6 Rule XV (Disposition of Violations) of
this rule.

h) In the event that the result of inspection may serve as grounds for disapproval of
application or cancellation of LTO/accreditation, a formal investigation shall be
conducted. If initiated at the region, the FESAGS shall conduct the investigation prior to
endorsement to C, SAGSD.

2) Post to Post Inspection

a) Upon arrival at the post subject of inspection, the inspection team shall introduce
themselves to the duty guards or detachment commander, state the purpose of the
inspection, and present the appropriate letter order.

b) The conduct of inspection shall be with the purview of existing rules and
regulations.

c) Violations noted be reflected on the Violation Ticket Report (SAGSD form 13-94)
prepared in four (4) copies and distributed as follows original and one copy for
PNPSAGSD, one (1) copy for security personnel being inspected and one (1) copy for
the agency.

d) If the violation warrants confiscation of issued firearms, justification for

confiscation of firearms is under Rule VII, IRR of RA 5487. The serial number, make
and caliber of firearms shall be indicated at left side portion of Violation Report.

e) Issuance of violation ticket report shall be per guard violation basis.

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f) The inspection team shall conduct exit briefing to the security personnel
concerned to ascertain acknowledgement and correction of defects noted and to
recommend appropriate measures to improve their services.

g) Confiscation of License to Exercise Security Profession may be effected

particularly those considered as falsified/faked.

h) Procedures in Section 6, Rule XV (Disposition of Violations) below shall apply

when violations and defects are penalized pursuant to the IRR to RA 5487, as
amended.

c. Disposition of Confiscated Licenses, Documents and/or Firearms

1) Confiscations (particularly firearms) shall be effected only after properly informing

the concerned (licensee, holder, owner, and/or client) and after their acknowledgement.

2) All confiscations shall be appropriately documented (ie. inventoried and

receipted) and stored by the official office/unit custodian.

3) Likewise, disposition of all items, whether released or confiscated in favor of the

government, shall be appropriately documented.

4) Confiscated items shall be released upon presentation of proof of or upon

confirmation of legality of such document (in case of documents or licenses), or of proof
of validity of firearm license, SG license or DDO (in case of firearms), or upon
payment/settling of fines/penalties, as the case may be.

d. Coordinations

1) SAGSD-initiated inspections conducted in the regions including NCR:

a) As a general rule or whenever feasible prior to the conduct of inspection, the

inspection team shall make a call and/or coordinate with the Police Regional Office
(Attn: ROPD) the inspection to be conducted by presenting the issued Letter Order, and
if necessary to make arrangements for appropriate counterpart assistance.

b) A corresponding exit/after inspection call should be made to the Police Regional

Office. Results of the inspection may be reported when follow-up and/or consequent
operation is needed or requested to be performed by the PNP PRO.

2) Police Regional Office-initiated inspections, conducted outside of its area of

operations (AOR)/jurisdiction:

a) Provisions of Section 4d, Rule XV above, shall similarly apply to inspections

conducted pursuant to Section 1B Rule XV, where inspections are necessitated outside
the AOR/jurisdiction of the initiating PNP PRO.

SECTION 5. Reports.

a. After Inspection Reports shall be prepared and submitted upon completion of the
inspection or within one (1) day after the period covering the inspection.

b. In event that the violation/s committed entail the imposition of corresponding

fines and penalties, the report shall be submitted to Chief, ROPD thru C, FESAGS (in
case of PRO-initiated inspections) or to Chief, SAGSD for approval, disapproval and/or
enforcement.
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c. Accomplished inspection checklists of Administrative Inspections and

recommendations thereof, should form part of the application for LTO or Accreditation.

SECTION 6. Disposition of Violations.

a. Administrative Inspection-related violations.

1) In compliance to procedural due process, Private Security Agencies with pending

violations shall be officially notified either thru registered mail or personal notice.

2) The notice of appearance within seven (7) days as indicated in the

acknowledged Violation Ticket Report issued by the inspecting team shall serve as first
formal notice to the agency.

a) Acknowledging respondent.

(1) If respondent acknowledges violations/defects and penalties/fines resulting from

the inspection, appropriate payment orders shall be issued and thereafter proofs of
payments be required to be presented to serve as proofs settlement of penalty/fine.

(2) Copy of proofs of settlement shall form part of the respondent’s applicationfor
LTO/Accreditation.

(3) Summary Report/Consolidated Report of settlement with reference to the prior

After Inspection Report shall be submitted to C, SAGSD for notation and/or information.
In case settlement resulted from PRO-initiated inspection, report shall be submitted to
the ROPD copy furnished RD, PRO (when required) and C, SAGSD.

b) No-response respondent.

(1) In the event that the PSA concerned shall not comply to the first notice of
appearance the Inspection Section shall send a second notice of appearance and direct
the owner or his representatives of said agency to appear within seven (7) days upon
receipt of the notice.

(2) If the PSA concerned failed to comply on the second notice of appearance, the
Inspection Report including all the evidences (e, i, violation report confiscated firearms,
affidavit executed by the inspecting team members and other pertinent documents)
shall be submitted for formal investigation.

(3) At the onset of the investigation, a third and final notice shall be sent to PSA
concerned, with directive to appear within seven (7) days upon receipt.

(4) Thereafter, Rule XVI and Memorandum SOP on the Conduct of Investigation
shall ensue and be applied.

c) Contesting Respondent.

(1) In the event that a respondent questions the violation, penalty or fines imposed,
and/or any of the circumstances giving rise to such, and/or refuses to submit under the
sanction being imposed, the report shall be submitted for investigation.

(2) Thereafter, Rule XVI (Investigation of Cases) and Memorandum SOP on the
Conduct of Investigation shall be applied.

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b. Post-to-post Inspection-related violations.

1) Be it a Security Agency, Security Training School, Security or Training

Personnel, the procedures set forth in paragraph 7a above shall apply.

SECTION 7. Miscellaneous.

The foregoing procedure/process is without prejudice to the filing of appropriate criminal

case when violation committed is penalized under Republic Act 5487 the Revised Penal
Code and other existing laws.
RULE XVI
INVESTIGATION OF CASES

PART 1
General

SECTION 1. Purpose. To ensure guidance and uniformity in the conduct of

administrative investigation involving security agencies, guards and training
institutions, these rules shall set forth the policies and specific procedures to be
observed in the conduct of investigation of cases involving Private Security Agencies,
Company Guard Forces, Private Detective Agencies, Private Security Training
Institutions, Private Security Personnel and Private Security Training Personnel.

SECTION 2. Scope. These rules shall apply to all administrative complaints,

violations of the laws, rules and regulations and such other investigative matters
cognizable by the PNP particularly SAGSD and the Regional FESAGS as well as the
right to administrative due process of both complainant and respondent in every
administrative proceedings under Section 17 of Republic Act No. 5487, as amended.

SECTION 3. Complaint.

a. It shall be written in clear, simple and concise language and in a systematic

manner as to apprise the respondent of the nature of the charge against him and to
enable him to prepare his defense.

b. How Initiated – It can be initiated by any of the following:

1. The Chief, PNP, Director, CSG, Regional Director or through their respective
representative through an Official Report or Memorandum showing the acts or
omissions allegedly committed;

2. The Chief, SAGSD, CSG or Chief, Regional FESAGS or any of their authorized
representative through an Official Report showing the acts or omissions arising from the
results of inspection conducted by any of the Branches or Sections of SAGSD, CSG or
Regional FESAGS; or

3. Upon sworn and verified complaint of any person, accompanied by sworn

statements of witnesses and other pieces of evidence in support of the complaint.

c. Contents of a complaint – The complaint shall contain:

d. Grounds for Filing the Administrative Complaint – Any act or omission in violation
of the Revised Rules and Regulations Implementing Republic Act No. 5487, as
amended may constitute a ground for filing the complaint.

1. the full name and address of the complainant;

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2. the full name and address of the respondent as well as the position and office of
employment;

3. specification of charges; and

4. a narration of relevant and material facts which show the acts or omissions
constituting the offense allegedly committed by the respondent.

e. Venue – Any complaint may be filed with the Complaint and Investigation
Section, SAGSD, CSG for acts or omissions committed in the National Capital Region.
In all other cases, complaint shall be filed with the Regional FESAGS where the
complainant’s workplace or the respondent’s principal office is located.

PART 2
Conduct of Investigation

SECTION 4. Procedure.

a. Initial Evaluation – Within one (1) day upon receipt of the complaint, the
Case/Investigating Officer shall initially evaluate the complaint and shall recommend to
the Chief, Complaint and Investigation Section any of the following actions:

1. Dismiss outright the complaint for lack of merit or a prima facie case is found not
to exist or the complaint is insufficient in form and substance;

2. Refer officially to other government agency if the complaint falls under the
jurisdiction of DOLE, SSS or other forum;

3. Proceed with the investigation if a prima facie case is found to exist.

b. Notice – After the complaint has been determined to be the subject of

appropriate summary hearing, the Case/Investigating Officer shall notify the respondent
of the complaint by sending to him summons not later than three (3) days upon the filing
of the complaint. Respondent shall be required to appear before the Case/Investigating
Officer not later than five (5) days upon receipt of the notice or summons, during which
he shall be furnished copies of the complaint, sworn statements of the witnesses and
other pieces of evidence.

c. Answer/Reply – Within five (5) days from receipt of copies of the complaint,
sworn statement of witnesses and other pieces of evidence, the respondent shall
forthwith submit his answer or reply consisting of his counter-affidavit, sworn statement
of witnesses and other controverting evidence.

SECTION 5. Administrative Adjudication, How Conducted.

a. If, on the basis of the sworn statements and the pieces of evidence presented by
both parties, the Case/Investigating Officer finds no sufficient cause to warrant further
proceedings, the complaint may outright be dismissed. Otherwise, he shall send, within
three (3) days, summonses to all parties and their witnesses for a preliminary
conference on a specific date and time not to exceed five (5) days therefrom with the
end in view of arriving at an amicable settlement, or of simplifying the issues, marking of
evidence and stipulation of facts.

b. If the Case/Investigating Officer believes that there are matters to be clarified, he

may profound clarificatory questions, or may set a summary hearing on a specific date
and time not to exceed five (5) days therefrom.
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c. If respondent fails to file his answer/reply with the reglamentary period, he shall
be deemed to have waived his right to present controverting evidence, and the case
shall immediately proceed ex- parte.

d. Being summary in nature, direct examination of witnesses shall be dispensed

with and the sworn statements of witnesses shall take the place of their oral testimony
subject to cross-examination. Either party shall limit cross-examination to the sworn
statements on hand. Cross examination must be confined only to material and relevant
matters contained in the sworn statements. Prolonged arguments and other dilatory
proceedings shall not be entertained. Cross examination shall be limited to not more
than fifteen (15) minutes for each witness.

e. On agreement of parties, direct or cross examination may be dispensed with and

instead, the parties may just submit their verified position papers or memoranda within
then (10) days upon such agreement, afterwhich the case is deemed submitted for
resolution.

SECTION 6. Nature of Proceedings – The administrative proceedings shall be

nonlitiguous in nature, subject to the requirements of due process of law. The technical
rules of criminal or civil procedure, and the rules obtaining in the courts of law shall not
apply. The Case/Investigating Officer may avail himself of all reasonable means to
ascertain the facts of the case, including ocular inspections and testimony of expert
witnesses.

SECTION 7. Resolution.

a. Within ten (10) days after the conclusion of the summary hearing or transmission
of position papers or memoranda, the Case/Investigating Officer shall submit the
Resolution together with the complete records of the case to Chief, SAGSD, CSG for
his approval, in cases filed in the National capital Region, and to Chief, Regional
FESAGS for his approval, in cases filed in the other regions. Once approved, the said
Resolution shall constitute the decision in the case. Copies thereof shall be served to all
parties within five (5) days upon approval of the resolution.

b. Contents of Resolution – Resolutions shall be clear and concise, and shall

include the following:

1. facts of the case

2. issues involved

3. applicable laws, rules and regulations

4. findings and conclusions

5. disposition thereof

c. Service of Resolution – The Resolution shall be served either personally or by

registered mail at complainant and respondent’s place of business or at his last known
address within three (3) days from approval thereof. In all cases, proof of such service
shall be attached to the records of the case for purposes of determining jurisdiction in
case of appeal.

SECTION 8. Penalties – In meting out penalties, like penalties shall be imposed for like
offenses. One penalty shall be imposed for every charge or count in each case. “Each
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case” shall mean one administrative case which may involve one or more charges or
counts.

SECTION 9. Motion for Reconsideration – Either party may file a motion for
reconsideration within ten (10) days from receipt of a copy of the approved Resolution.
Only one (1) motion for reconsideration is allowed which shall be resolved within five (5)
days from the filing thereof.

SECTION 10. Appeal.

a. Grounds for Appeal – Should the motion for reconsideration be denied, either
party may file an appeal with the Director, CSG, in cases resolved by Chief, SAGSD,
CSG, or with the Regional Director, in cases resolved by the Regional FESAGS, on any
of the following grounds:

1. That new and material evidence has been discovered which the appellant could
not, with reasonable diligence have discovered and produced at the summary hearing,
and which if presented would probably change the resolution;

2. That errors of law or irregularities have been committed during the hearing
prejudicial to the substantial rights of the appellant;

3. That the penalty imposed is not commensurate to the offense committed.

b. Perfection of Appeal – An appeal shall be perfected by the appellant by filing and

serving upon the Chief, SAGSD-CSG or Chief, FESAGS a Notice of Appeal within ten
(10) days from receipt of the Resolution subject of appeal. Within three (3) days upon
receipt of the notice of appeal, the entire records of the case, duly numbered and
initialed, and the exhibits properly marked, to include the summary record of
proceedings shall be sent to the appellate authority.

c. Period to Decide Appeal – The appellate authority shall decide the appeal within
thirty (30) days after the receipt of the entire records of the case from the
Case/Investigating Officer. Failure of the appellate authority to decide the appeal within
that period shall be deemed as denial of such appeal, and the resolution appealed from
shall immediately become final and executory.

SECTION 11. Separability Clause. In the event that any of the provisions
of this Rule is declared legally unenforceable, the validity of the other provisions shall
not be affected by such declaration.

RULE XVII
ADMINISTRATIVE SANCTIONS

PART 1
General

SECTION 1. Policy. Corollary to Section 2 Presidential Decree 1919 dated 28

April 1984, the Chief, PNP or his authorized representative may impose, after
confirming any violation of republic Act 5487, its amendments and implementing rules
and regulations, the penalty of suspension, or cancellation of the
license/accreditation of any private/government security or training personnel;
provided that in cases of violations committed by any private
security/detective agency, company guard force or private security training institution,
the administrative penalty which may be imposed shall only be administrative fine
or cancellation of license without prejudice to any criminal action against the violator.
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SECTION 2. Purpose. The purpose of these rules and regulations is to rationalize the
schedule of administrative penalties as provided in Section 8 of RA 5487,as
amended.

PART 2
Sanctions Against Licensed Security Personnel

SECTION 3. Classification of offenses. - The following terms shall be construed to

mean as indicated which shall likewise refer to the individual person as private security
or security training personnel:

a. Light Offenses shall include, but not limited to:

(1) those related to uniforms except those falling under paragraph C(1) hereunder;

(2) use of profane languages;

(3) acts of discourteousness;

(4) failure to notify/call the nearest PNP Station in case of disorders, riots or strikes
and other emergency cases;

(5) late or failure to maintain and/or submit records/reports;

(6) violation of Section 1, Rule X of these rules and regulations otherwise not
specifically falling under this and paragraphs b and c of this rule; and

(7) all acts prejudicial to good conduct, behavior, morals and similar acts, pursuant
to existing laws, rules and regulations.

b. Less grave offenses shall include, but not limited to:

(1) not having in possession his/her license to exercise profession, duty detail order
and/or firearms license (when carrying firearms), while performing private security
service;

(2) use of uniform not appropriate for one’s ranks or position;

(3) leaving his post without being properly relieved, thus exposing the lives and
properties he is supposed to protect from danger;

(4) indiscriminate firing of firearm not in connection with the performance of duty;

(5) other similar offenses pursuant to existing laws, rules and regulations.

c. Grave offenses shall include, but likewise not limited to:

(1) Using uniform other than that prescribed under these rules;

(2) using personally owned or unlicensed firearm during tour of duty;

(3) allowing the use/lending issued firearms to unauthorized persons;

(4) assisting, abetting or protecting criminals during or off duty;

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(5) providing confidential information to unauthorized persons;

(6) refusal to provide information to authorized persons;

(7) illegal search;

(8) taking alcoholic beverages or being drunk while on guard duty;

(9) abuse or acting beyond the scope of authority;

(10) misrepresentation in the submission of documents for renewal of license;

(11) other similar offense pursuant to existing laws, rules and regulations.

d. Fake License - a document issued by and/or secured from sources other than
the SAGSD.

SECTION 4. Penalties. - Without prejudice to the filling of the appropriate criminal

action, the following penalties shall be imposed after investigation of any private security
personnel, thereafter found guilty of committing any of the offenses previously
enumerated in Section 3 of this rule:

a. For light offenses. - One (1) to thirty (30) days suspension or a fine ranging from
one hundred pesos minimum to five hundred pesos maximum (P100.00-P500.00) or
both;

b. For less grave offenses. - One (1) month and one (1) day to six (6) months
suspension or a fine ranging from five hundred pesos minimum to one thousand pesos
maximum (P500.00-P1, 000.00) or both; and

c. For grave offenses. - Six (6) months and one (1) day to one
(1) year suspension or a fine ranging from ten thousand (P10, 000.00) pesos
minimum to fifty thousand pesos maximum (P50, 000.00) or both, and/or cancellation of
license/permit.

SECTION 5. Status during suspension. - Unless dismissed by his employer agency

on legal grounds, a security guard who is suspended pursuant hereto shall not be
entitled to receive his salary corresponding to the period of suspension. The agency in
this case shall provide a substitute guard to man the post of the suspended guard in
order not to prejudice the interest of its client. Provided, that the service of the substitute
guard shall be good only during the period of such suspension.

SECTION 6. Any private security personnel who commits the same offense as
enumerated in Section 3 above, after having been suspended for least three (3) times
within the lifetime of his license shall be cancelled.

PART 3
Sanctions Against Private Security Agencies, Private Detective Agencies,
Company Guard Forces, and/or Training Institutions

SECTION 7. The authority of the Chief, PNP to impose administrative penalties or

cancel, suspend or not to renew the license of any private security/detective agency,
company guard force, and/or private security training institutions shall be exercised in
the following cases without prejudice to the filing of appropriate criminal action:

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a. When a falsified license is officially submitted by a private security agency to its

prospective client in bidding or contracting for security services.

b. When a falsified document or report is submitted to the Philippine National Police

as requirement for new or renewal of license to operate a private security agency,
company security force or training institutions.

c. When a private security agency or company security force has been found to be
violating the minimum wage rates fixed by law that should be granted to their private
security/company guards.

d. When the private security agency or company security force has been found to
be engaging in activities that are dangerous to public safety and welfare or inimical to
national security.

e. When a private security agency or company security force refuses to comply with
the final and executory NLRC order/decision. This will be a ground for immediate
revocation of license to operate.

f. Violation of the following Rules and Regulations:

1. Section 2B and 4, Rule I

2. Sections 3a, 3b, 3c and 3h, Rule IV

3. Sections 1 and 2, Rule IV

g. When a private security agency has been found to have engaged in cutthroat
security services with its client or a price lower than the standard minimum rates for
security services adopted by Philippine Association of Detective and Protective
Agency Operators, Inc., with the concurrence of the Chief, Philippine National
Police. A penalty of administrative fines shall be imposed upon such
erring Private Security Agency in the amount of twenty thousand (P20, 000.00)
for the first offense; forty (P40, 000.00) for the second offense and cancellation of
license to operate for the third offense. In case of fines, the erring PSA shall not be
allowed to serve the questioned client. PSA Operators whose licenses has been
cancelled under this rule shall be barred from obtaining another LTO.

h. When a private security agency has been found to have violated Section 4, Rule
VII, a penalty of administrative fines shall be imposed upon such erring Private Security
Agency in the amount of twenty thousand (P20, 000.00) for the first offense; forty (P40,
000.00) for the second offense and cancellation of license to operate for the third
offense.

i. When a private security agency has been found to have violated Section 3C(g),
Rule X, a penalty of administrative fines shall be imposed upon such erring Private
Security Agency in the amount of twenty thousand (P20,000.00) for the first offense;
forty (P40, 000.00) for the second offense and cancellation of license to operate for the
third offense. In case of fines, the erring PSA shall not be allowed to serve the
questioned client. PSA Operators whose licenses has been cancelled under this rule
shall be barred from obtaining another LTO.

j. When a private security agency with regular license to operate fails to maintain a
minimum of two hundred (200) security guards at the time of renewal of its license, the
agency concerned shall be issued temporary license with an administrative fine in the
amount of ten thousand (P10, 000.00) pesos only.
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k. Violation of the provisions of Rule XVIII by private security personnel is

punishable by suspension or cancellation of their individual private security licenses
and/or licenses of their respective company security force or private security agencies.

SECTION 8. The following administrative fines shall be imposed on any private security
agency or company security force found committing the following offenses:

OFFENSE FINES

a. Improper wearing of prescribed uniform by Posted Security Personnel P100.00

per guard for 1st offense; 250.00 per guard for 2nd offense; 500.00 per guard for 3rd
offense.

b. Posted security guard not carrying his ID, Private Security License, Firearms
License and Duty Detail Orders.

c. Posted security personnel not covered by written contract for security services.

d. Imposing and collecting unauthorized deductions from the salary of their security
guard.

e. Failure to submit application and requirements for the renewal of license on

prescribed date. P 250.00 plus P 50.00 for every day delay if filed before expiration of
LTO; An addition of P500.00 plus P100.00 for every day delay not to exceed sixty (60)
days, if filed after expiration of LTO.

SECTION 9. Classification of offenses. Except in cases already specifically provided

in this rule the following term shall be construed to mean as indicated:

a. Light Offenses committed by private security agency or company security force

shall include, but not limited to:

1) late or failure to maintain and/or submit records/reports;

2) Posting security personnel not covered by written contract;

3) Other similar offense pursuant to existing laws, rule and regulations.

b. Less grave offense committed by private security agency or company security

force shall include but not limited to:

1) ordering its posted security guards to conduct illegal search;

2) posting unlicensed personnel for duty;

3) posted personnel not wearing the prescribed uniform;

4) other similar offense pursuant to existing laws, rules and regulations.

c. Grave offense committed by private security agency or company security force

shall include, but not limited to:

1) Allowing the set of unlicensed firearm personally owned by security guard or

other person or entity than that of the private security agency having jurisdiction of the
place being secured;
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2) Issuing unlicensed firearm to guards;

3) Violation of Sec. 3h, Rule IV of this implementing rules and regulations regarding
prohibition on “Kabit” system;

4) Abuse or acting beyond the scope of authority;

5) Use and/or employment of security guard for purposes of committing threats,
intimidation, coercion or any other crime/offenses, including show of force.

6) Violation of Sections 3A, 3B, and 3C of Rule X;

7) Other similar offense pursuant to existing laws, rules and regulations

SECTION 10. Penalties. Without prejudice to the filing of appropriate criminal action,
and except as already provided by this rule the following penalties shall be
imposed after investigation of any guard or detective, private security guard agency or
company security force and thereafter found guilty of committing any of the
offenses enumerated in Section 9 hereof:

a. For light offense committed by Private Security Agency/Company Security

Force:

1) Fine of P5, 000.00 for first offense;

2) Fine of P10, 000.00 for 2nd offense;

3) Fine of P15, 000.00 or cancellation/revocation of License to Operate, or both for

3rd offense

b. For less grave offense committed by Private Security Agency/Company

Security Force:

1) Fine of P10, 000.00 for 1ST offense;

2) Fine of P 20, 000.00 for 2ND offense;

3) Fine of P30, 000.00 or cancellation/revocation of license to operate, or both for

3rd offense;

c. For grave offense committed by Private Security Agency/Company Security

Force:

1) Fine of P50, 000.00 for 1st offense;

2) Cancellation/revocation of license to operate for 2nd offense.

SECTION 11. Any private security agency or company security force who
commits the same offense as enumerated in Section 8 hereof, after having been
fined at least three (3) times shall be proceeded against thru administrative
cancellation or non-renewal of its license.

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RULE XVIII
DUTIES DURING STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS

SECTION 1. Policies.-

a. All private security personnel in direct confrontation with strikers, marchers, or

demonstrators shall not carry firearms. They may, at best, carry only night sticks
(batuta) which may or may not be provided with tear gas canister and dispensers.
Private security personnel of strike-bound establishments not in direct confrontation with
the strikers may carry in the usual prescribed manner their issued firearms.

b. Private security personnel shall avoid direct contact, either physically or

otherwise, with the strikers.

c. Private security personnel shall stay only within the perimeter of the installation
which they are protecting at all times.

d. Private security personnel, in protecting and securing the assets and persons of
their clients, shall use only sufficient and reasonable force necessary to overcome the
risk or danger posed by strikers or hostile crowds.

e. Private security personnel shall refrain from abetting or assisting acts of

management leading to physical clash of forces between labor and management.
These hostile acts include breaking of the strike; smuggling in of scabs and preventing
strikers from conducting peaceful pickets.

f. Private security personnel shall not enforce the provisions of the Revised Labor
Code pertaining to strikers/lockouts.

g. Private security personnel on duty must at all times be in complete uniform with
their names and agency’s name shown on their shirts above the breast pockets.

SECTION 2. For Private Security Agencies/Company Security Force Chief

Security Officers. –

a. Upon declaration of a strike, or upon the establishment of a picket line or mass

action at the vicinity of a firm/establishment, the Detachment Commander or the Chief
Security Officer of the company guard force, shall immediately collect all firearms of the
guards in direct or about to have a direct confrontation with the crowd and deposit these
firearms in their vault; or reissue these firearms to other private security personnel not
issued firearms but assigned to and performing guard duties away from and not visible
to strikers or the crowd as may be required by the circumstances.

b. The Detachment Commander or Security Director shall account for all the
firearms in a logbook.

c. In instances where there is no Detachment Commander or Security Director, as

in a compound where there are only a few guards, the agency operator or Security
Officer in the case of company security forces, shall immediately be informed by the
guards of the declaration of strike or about the approach of strikers or a crowd;
whereupon the agency operator/security officer shall immediately assess the situation
and take appropriate action to forestall violence, but at the same time insuring security
of the premises.

d. The Detachment Commander or Security Director shall maintain constant contact

with the management and if he notices or observes the strikers or the crowd to be up to
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something unlawful, or are clearly violating the provisions of the Revised Labor Code,
the Revised Penal Code and/or local ordinances, this information to the Commander of
the Peace Keeping Force for his appropriate action.

e. If it becomes unavoidable for private security personnel to talk to strikers or

member of the crowd, only the Detachment Commander or Security Director shall talk
to the leader or leaders of the strikers or crowd. What transpires in this dialogue shall be
reported to the management immediately. At no instances shall private security
personnel negotiate with the strikers or unfriendly crowd in relation to the labor-
management dispute. This is a function of management.

f. If the situation worsen or becomes untenable for the private security personnel to
cope with, the Detachment Commander or Security Director, the guard on post, shall
immediately advise the management to request for PNP security assistance.

g. The Detachment Commander and Security Director shall publish emergency

telephone numbers (Police, Fire, Hospital) at all guards posts and detachments.

SECTION 3. Inter-relationship between Private Security Personnel and members

of the PNP. –

a. Private Security personnel are always subordinate to members of the PNP on

matters pertaining to law enforcement and crime prevention. They cannot enforce any
provision of the law except in executing citizen’s arrest and/or conducting initial
investigation of a commission of a crime. In such case, any arrested person shall be
turned over immediately to the nearest PNP unit/station.

b. Criminal investigation is the responsibility of the PNP. All results of initial

investigation conducted by private security personnel and all evidence gathered by
them shall be turned over to the PNP unit/station concerned as a matter of course
without delay.

c. Responsibilities of Private Security Personnel:

1. Private security personnel are responsible purely for enforcing company policies,
rules and regulations of management and clients with the ultimate objective of providing
security to the assets and persons of clients.

2. Private security personnel are authorized and empowered by law to act as such
and in the manner prescribed by the Chief, PNP on within their specifically assigned
areas to be secured, as provided for in the contract between the client and the private
security agency, and, in the case of company security services, as specifically stated in
their private security firm licenses.

SECTION 4. Punitive Clause. Individual acts of private security personnel in violation

of the provisions of appropriate laws shall be subject to criminal prosecution,
administrative penalties and such other sanctions provided by law.

RULE XIX
FORMS, SEALS AND LOGOS

SECTION 1. Types of forms and usages. (Valid until revised.)

SF01-94 Application for License of Individual Security Guard.

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SF02-94 Application for License of Private Security Agency and Private Detective
Agency.

SF03-94 Individual License Form/ID.

SF04-94 Format License to Operate of Security Agency. SF05-94 Information Sheet/

Bio data of Agency Operators.
SF06-94 Training Report Forms (Before conducting the Training of Security Guard).

SF07-94 After Closing Report Form (submission of names & number of security
participated).

SF08-94 Format of Psychiatrist’s endorsement Letter - for PSA who passed NP

Examination.

SF09-94 List of new PSL Applicants who passed NP examination.

SF10-94 Result of Psychiatrist’s Examination addressed to Chief, PNP SAGSD.

SF11-94 Inspection Report Form.

SF12-94 Format for Duty Detail Order of PSA/CSF. SF13-94 Delinquency Report
SECTION 2. Use of letterhead- All Private Security Agencies/Company
Security Forces shall use letterheads in all forms of communications and official
transactions.

SECTION 3. Logos and Company Seals/Emblems. Private Security Agencies,

Company Guard Forces and Private Security Training Institutions, shall have their
respective company/office logos, seals or emblems distinct from each other, provided
that same shall have been registered and approved by the PNP SAGSD.

SECTION 4. Changes and Modifications. Changes, modifications and/or

additions relative to Sections 1, 2 and 3 above shall be made through a Logos, Seals
and Forms Board to be created by SAGSD, for recommendation to the Director, CSG
for acceptance/adoption.

RULE XX
AWARDS AND DECORATIONS OF SECURITY PERSONNEL

SECTION 1. Types/awards- All security guards are entitled to the following

awards for their outstanding feat/ accomplishment
/achievement during the performance of their duties and/or while serving in the exercise
of profession.

a. Medalya ng Kagitingan (Blueguards Medal of Valor).

b. Medalya ng Katapatan sa Paglilingkod (Blueguard Distinguished Service Medal).

c. Medalya ng Katapangan (Blueguards Bravery Medal).

d. Medalya ng Pambihirang Paglilingkod (Blueguards Special Service Medal

e. Medalya ng Kadakilaan (Blueguards Heroism Medal).

f. Medalya ng Katangitanging Asal (Blueguards Special Action Medal).

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g. Medalya ng Kasanayan (Blueguards Efficiency Medal).

h. Medalya ng Papuri (Blueguards Commendation Medal).

i. Medalya ng Sugatang Magiting (Blueguards Wounded Medal).

j. Medalya sa Pagtulong sa Nasalanta (Blueguards Disaster Relief and

Rehabilitation Medal).

k. Letter of Commendation.

SECTION 2. Description of action required of the above-mentioned awards:

a. Medalya ng Kagitingan (Blueguards Medal of Valor) can be awarded to any

Blueguards whose performance and action falls under para. 1 and/or 2 below:

(1) Action of the Blueguard involving conspicuous gallantry and intrepidity ignoring
the risk of life and limb above and beyond the call of duty. In order to justify this award,
a Blueguard must perform conspicuously in deed and in action personal bravery and
self-sacrifice above and beyond the call of duty as to distinguish himself clearly from his
comrades in performing hazardous service.

(2) Blueguards who participated in rescue in any fire incident, disaster, calamity or
earthquake whose actions involve actual rescue operation, characterized by gallantry
and intrepidity at the risk of life and limb above and beyond the call of duty. In order to
justify this award, a Blueguard must have saved or attempted to save lives and
properties characterized by personal bravery, courage, heroism or self- sacrifice above
and beyond the call of duty as to distinguished himself above his comrades in the
performance of more than ordinary hazardous service.

b. Medalya ng Katapatan sa Paglilingkod (Blueguards Distinguished Service

Medal) can be awarded to any member of the Blueguards whose action and
performance either fall under para. a or b below:

(a) It can be awarded to any Blueguard who has rendered eminently meritorious and
invaluable service in the position of major responsibility. The performance of duty must
be exceptional. A superior performance of duty normal and relative to assignment,
position and experience of an individual is not an adequate basis for the award.

(b) The accomplishment of the duty, which has to be exceptional or significant

should have been completed prior to submission of the recommendation.

c. Medalya ng Katapangan (Blueguards Bravery Medal). It can be awarded to

any Blueguard member with the following requirements;

(1) For gallantry of the Blueguards action not warranting the Medalya Ng Kagitingan
nor Medalya ng Katapatan sa Paglilingkod.

(2) For Blue guard members who participated on rescue operations in a fire incident,
car accident, earthquake, flood, typhoon and other disasters/calamities and whose acts
of heroism has put his life in extreme danger in his desire to save the lives of others.

d. Medalya ng Pambihirang Paglilingkod (Blueguards Special Service Medal).

The President of the Philippine Association of Detective and Protective Agency
Operators, Inc. (PADPAO) in Consonance with the Resolutions of the Board of Director,
can award the medal to any member of the civilian government such as
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parliamentarians, statement, diplomats, journalists, scientists and any member of the

Philippine National Police holding them and respectable position and whose contribution
and accomplishments greatly enhanced the development and professionalism of the
Civil Security Industry.

The four (4) degrees of the Medalya ng Pambihirang Paglilingkod with the
corresponding requirements are the following:

(1) Degree of Raja - It can be awarded to any member of the legislative and the
judiciary to include jurists, parliamentarians, statesmen, diplomats, journalists, scientists
and the Director General of the Philippine National Police who has rendered eminently
meritorious and invaluable service in undertaking a major responsibility leading to the
development and professionalization of the Civil Security Industry. A superior
performance of normal duties based on one’s position will not be made a justification to
the award.

(2) Degree of Datu - It can be awarded to any of the Regional Directors and/or any
of the Directors of the National Supporting Unit or Command of the Philippine National
Police who has rendered eminently meritorious and invaluable service leading to the
development of the Civil Security Industry and contributed professional assistance while
in a position of major responsibility which has a lesser degree of category and not
warranting the award of the degree of Raja.

(3) Degree of Lakan - It can be awarded to any officer of the Philippine National
Police and the Armed Forces of the Philippines who has distinguished himself thru
exceptional meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding service in the
development of the Civil Security Industry.

(4) Degree of Maginoo - It can be awarded to any member of the PNP, Armed
Forces of the Philippines and other government law enforcement agencies who has
distinguished himself thru exceptional meritorious conduct and outstanding service that
contributed in the making, developing and professionalizing the Civil Security Industry
but in a lesser degree of category not warranting the award of the degree of Lakan. For
meritorious service of the greater value, the Blueguards Efficiency Medal is usually
awarded.

e. Medalya ng Kadakilaan (Blueguards Heroism Medal). It can be awarded to

any Blueguard member whose action and performance fall under para. 1 and 2 below:

(1) An act of heroism that involves actual conflict with criminal elements either in
actual duty or beyond the relief of posted duty.

(2) An act of heroism shown or performed in rescue operations, saving the lives and
properties of any person or persons who are victims of criminal elements and natural
calamities or fortuitous events such as fire, earthquake, flood, typhoon and other
disasters.

f. Medalya ng Katangiang Asal (Blueguards Special Action Medal). It can be

awarded to any Blueguard member in any of the categories with corresponding
requirements as follows:

(1) Raja - for heroic act performed by Blueguard member in actual conflict with
criminal elements during a crime incident or to save the lives and limbs of any person or
persons in case of a fire incident which would conspicuously distinguish himself thru
gallantry and intrepidity notwithstanding the risk of life which is above and beyond the

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call of duty. Such deed of bravery and self- sacrifice must be clearly visible so as to
distinguish himself from other Blueguard members.

(2) Datu - for conspicuous acts of courage and gallantry confronting armed enemy in
a crime situation or lifesaving and fire fighting in a fire situation not warranting the
Medalya ng Katangitanging Asal degree of Raja. He must perform a notable act of
heroism involving risk of life as to set him apart from other members.

(3) Lakan - For gallantry in action in a crime of fire situation not warranting the
Medalya ng Katangitanging Asal degree of Raja or Datu. It can be awarded to recognize
a meritorious service accomplished with distinction by any person or persons either in a
duty responsibility or in direct support to PNP Station.

(4) Maginoo - For gallantry in action not warranting the Medalya ng Katangitanging
Asal degree of Raja, Datu or Lakan.

g. Medalya ng Kasanayan (Blueguards Efficiency Medal). It can be awarded to

any member of the blueguards for meritorious and invaluable service rendered. The
performance of duty must be in such a way as to merit recognition by an exceptional
service. The superior performance of the normal duties as called for by the position is
not alone justification of the award.

h. Medalya ng Papuri (Blueguards Commendation Medal). It can be awarded to

any member of the Blueguards who has demonstrated exemplary efficiency, devotion
and loyalty to his duty assignments.

i. Medalya ng Sugatang Magiting (Blueguards Wounded Medal). It can be

awarded to any member of the Blueguards in the actual performance of duties. It
requires that said member must have been wounded in action in his fight against
criminal elements or from a direct assault of the enemy, or wounds caused by fire in a
fire fighting activity. Provided, however, that such wounds would necessitate treatments
by a medical officer. For this purpose, a “wound” is hereby defined as an injury to any
part of the body sustained due to a hostile act of an enemy on in quelling a fire.

j. Medalya sa Pagtulong sa Nasalanta (Blueguards Disaster Relief and

Rehabilitation Medal). It can be awarded to any member of the Blueguards with the
requirement that there should be an active participation of such member in an
undertaking that involves rescue/ relief and rehabilitation operations in relation to
disasters of fortuitous events such as typhoons, flood, earthquakes, conflagration and
other calamities. k. Letter of Commendation - any good activity done by any security
guard officer.

SECTION 3. Authority to Grant Award - The following are authorized to approve/issue

awards:

a. Medalya ng Kagitingan - Secretary of the Interior and Local Government.

b. Medalya ng Katapatan sa Paglingkod - Chief, Philippine National Police.

c. Medalya ng Katapangan - Chief, Philippine National Police.

d. Medalya ng Pambihirang Paglilingkod - Regional Director, PNP Police

Regional Office/Director, Civil Security Force Office.

e. Medalya ng Kadakilaan - Regional Director, PNP Police Regional

Office/Director, Civil Security Group.
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f. Medalya ng Katangi-tanging Asal - Regional Director, PNP Police Regional

Office/Director, Civil Security Group.

g. Medalya ng Kasanayan - Regional Director, PNP Police Regional

Office/Director, Civil Security Group.

h. Medalya ng Papuri - Provincial Director, PNP Provincial Office/Chief, SAGSD/

CSG Regional Office Directors.

i. Medalya Sa Pagtulong sa Nasalanta - Provincial Director, PNP Provincial

Office/Chief, SAGSD/ CSG Regional Office Directors.

j. Letter of Commendation - PSAs/ CGFs Operators/ Managers concerned.

SECTION 4. Description of Medals - The aforementioned medal are described in

Figure.

SECTION 5. Wearing of Medals - All security guard who are recipients of awards shall
wear them as part of their uniform and miniature thereof, and shall be worn of the above
left pocket of the uniform.

SECTION 6. Special Award - A Private Security Agency/Company Security

Services/Government Security Unit selected as Outstanding Agency the SAGSD, CSG
or by the NHQ, PNP shall be authorized to wear the Chief, PNP agency citation badge.
Such badge shall be worn also as part of the uniform in a miniature type of the security
personnel.

SECTION 7. The categories for recognition of the Most Outstanding Blueguards, Private
Security Agency and Company Guard Forces of the Year are the following.

A. Male Blueguard of the Year.

B. Female Blueguard of the Year.

C. Private Security Agency of the Year.

D. Company Guard Force of the Year.

SECTION 8. The categories for recognition of the Most Outstanding Blueguards

Training School are the following:

A. Pre-Licensing Trainee Graduates

B. Blueguards Trainee Graduates

C. Outstanding Blueguards Training School.

SECTION 9. Determination of Awards - Awards shall be determined by a committee

created for the purpose to be designated by D, CSG in coordination with PADPAO.
Prospective awardees shall be duly recommended by the PSA/CGF concerned.

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RULE XXI
PHYSICAL AND MENTAL EXAMINATIONS

SECTION 1. General Policy.

A. Physical and Mental Examination are requirements for application for license to
exercise security/security training profession or license to operate a
security/training agency, company guard force, or private detective agency.
B. All applicants for license should be certified as physically and mentally fit and
qualified to be licensed.

SECTION 2. Physical Examination.

A. Physical Examination shall be conducted by any licensed doctor practicing within
the Philippines. All applicants examined to be fit shall be issued by said medical
practitioner a certificate indicating that the applicant is physically fit to be
licensed.
B. The Medical Practitioner must use only the prescribed format for Physical
Examination, both in original and renewal of license.
C. This accomplished format will be submitted together with all of the other
requirements of licensing.

SECTION 3. Neuro-psychiatric Examination.

A. NP Examination shall be conducted by the PNP Accredited NP Testing Center.

B. All private security agencies and company guard forces MUST retain the
services of a duly PNP Accredited NP Testing Center. Individual applicants must
also take Neuro- Psychiatric Examination from any PNP Accredited NP Testing
Center.

C. Neuro- Psychiatric Examination shall be conducted to all private security

personnel at least sixty (60) days prior to the expiry month of the license.

D. The PNP Accredited NP Testing Center shall conduct a different set of

examination to new applicants and renewal of security license in determining
their fitness for retention to the position as position as security officer, guard or
operator. (The purpose of NP Clearance Requirement is to attest to the mental
and psychological well-being of the applicants. A battery of psychological tests
will help determine this purpose).

E. NP Examination Result as indicating that the applicant is psychologically fit to be

licensed, shall be one of the requirements for license application, be it new or
renewal.

SECTION 4. Drug Test. Consistent with laws and/or circulars existing at the time of the
formulation of these rules and regulations, no license to operate a private security/
training/ detective agency or company guard force, or license to exercise private
security profession shall be granted not unless a Drug Test Clearance have been
secured from an accredited drug testing center/ clinic, certifying that the applicant for
license is not addicted nor a user of prohibited drugs/narcotics.

SECTION 5. Accreditation and Test Procedures. Procedures on accreditation of

testing centers and procedures on the conduct of tests shall be as prescribed in an SOP
issued by the appropriate PNP office/unit or committee.

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RULE XXII
GENERAL PROVISIONS

SECTION 1. Implementing Order/Circulars. - The Chief, SAGSD-CSG shall from time

to time issue such implementing orders or circulars as may be necessary to carry out
the provisions/purposes of these Rules and Regulations implementing Republic Act No.
5487, as amended.

SECTION 2. Supervision and Implementation. The SAGSD under the supervision of

the Director, CSG, is hereby directed to carry out the smooth implementation of these
Rules and Regulations.

SECTION 3. Rescission Clause. – All existing PNP Rules and Regulations, Circulars
and Memoranda inconsistent with these Rules are hereby repealed, modified or
amended accordingly.

SECTION 4. Effectivity. These Rules and Regulations shall take effect fifteen days
following its publication in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation.

HERMOGENES E EBDANE JR
Police Director General Chief, PNP

PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 11

AMENDING CERTAIN SECTIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED FIFTY-FOUR

HUNDRED EIGHTY-SEVEN OTHERWISE KNOWN AS, “THE PRIVATE SECURITY
AGENCY LAW.”

WHEREAS, there were pending before Congress prior to the promulgation of

Proclamation No. 1081, dated September 21, 1972, certain priority measures vital to the
law enforcement program of the Government and to the restoration and maintenance of
peace and order throughout the land, which were duly certified by the President as urgent
measures;

WHEREAS, one of these priority measures is House Bill No. 4606 entitled, “An Act to
Amend Certain Sections of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-Four Hundred Eighty-Seven
otherwise known as, the Private Security Agency Law;”

WHEREAS, the said House Bill No. 4606 seeks to amend the Private Security Agency
Law because:

(a) There are numerous private firms, companies and corporations including government-
owned or controlled corporations employing around 30,000 watchmen or security guards
who are armed with considerable numbers of firearms but who are not covered by Section
3 of the Private Security Agency Law;

(b) The Private Security Agency Law did not establish adequate safeguards against the
intrusion of personal interest in the issuance of licenses prescribed by said law;

(c) There are inadequate regulatory powers of the Philippine Constabulary over the
operations of the private security guards or watchman agencies and their guards or
watchmen;

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WHEREAS, to provide for an effective deterrent to the commission of acts in violation of

said Republic Act No. 5487 and this Decree, and of the implementing rules and
regulations promulgated by the Chief of Constabulary pursuant thereto, by providing stiff
penalties for violators:

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed

Forces of the Philippines, and pursuant to Proclamation No. 1081, dated September 21,
1972, General Orders Nos. 1 and 6, both dated September 22, 1972 and General Order
No. 7 dated September 23, 1972, do hereby order and decree, that:

1. Section three (d) of Republic Act Fifty-Four Hundred Eighty-Seven, otherwise known
as, “The Private Security Agency Law” is hereby amended to read as follows:

“(d) Watchman or Security Guard, Watchman or Security Guard Agency. Any Persons
who offers of renders personal service to watch or secure either residential or business
establishment, or both, or any building, compound, or area including but not limited to
logging concessions, agricultural, mining or pasture lands for hire or compensation, or as
an employee thereof shall be known as watchmen or security guard; and any person,
association, partnership, or corporation, who recruits, trains, musters, furnishes, solicits
individuals or business firms, private or government-owned or controlled corporations to
engage his service or those of its watchmen, shall be known as Watchman or Security
Guard Agency.”

2. Section four of Republic Act Fifty-four Hundred Eighty-Seven is hereby amended to

read as follows:

“Sec. 4. Who May Organize a Security or Watchman Agency. Any Filipino citizen or a
corporation, partnership, or association, with a minimum capital of five thousand pesos,
one-hundred per cent of which is owned and controlled by Filipino citizens may organize
a security or watchman agency: Provided, That no person shall organize or have an
interest in, more than one such agency except those which are already existing at the
promulgation of this Decree: Provided, further, That the operator or manager of said
agency must be at least 25 years of age, a college graduate and/or a commissioned
officer in the inactive service of the Armed Forces of the Philippines; of good moral
character; having no previous record of any conviction of any crime or offense involving
moral turpitude and not suffering from any of the following disqualifications:

(1) Having been dishonorably discharged or separated from the Armed Forces of the
Philippines;

(2) Being a mental incompetent;

(3) Being addicted to the use of narcotic drug or drugs; and,

(4) Being a habitual drunkard.

“For purposes of this Act, elective or appointive government employees who may be
called upon on account of the functions of their respective offices in the implementation
and enforcement of the provisions of this Act and any person related to such government
employees by affinity or consanguinity in the third civil degree shall not hold any interest,
directly or indirectly in any security guard or watchman agency.”

3. Section eight of Republic Act Fifty-Four Hundred Eighty-Seven is hereby amended by

inserting as the last paragraph thereof, the following

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“Any provision of this or other law to the contrary notwithstanding, the Chief of
Constabulary may, at any time suspend or cancel the licenses of private watchman or
security guard, or any licenses of private watchman or security guard agency found
violating any of the provisions of this Act or the rules and regulations promulgated by the
Chief of Constabulary pursuant thereto;”

Any person who commit any act in violation of Republic Act No. 5487 and of this Decree,
and the implementing rules and regulations already promulgated which are not in conflict
herewith, and those to be promulgated by the Chief of Constabulary pursuant hereto,
shall, on conviction thereof, suffer imprisonment of from ten to fifteen years and a fine of
not less than ten thousand pesos nor more than fifteen thousand pesos as a military
court/tribunal or commission may direct.

The Chief of Constabulary shall promulgate the necessary rules and regulations to carry
out the provisions of this Decree.

Done in the City of Manila, this 3rd day of October, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen
hundred and seventy-two.

(Sgd.) FERDINAND E. MARCOS

President of the Philippines

By the President:
(Sgd.) ROBERTO V. REYES
Acting Executive Secretary

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PRESIDENTIAL DECREE No. 100 January 17, 1973

AMENDING FURTHER CERTAIN SECTIONS OF REPUBLIC ACT NUMBERED

FIFTY-FOUR HUNDRED EIGHTY-SEVEN, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS, "THE
PRIVATE SECURITY AGENCY LAW," AS AMENDED BY PRESIDENTIAL DECREE
NO. 11, DATED OCTOBER 3, 1972

WHEREAS, Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred eighty-seven, otherwise known

as, "The Private Security Agency Law," has been amended by Presidential Decree No.
11, dated October 3, 1972 to make it more responsive to the demands of peace and
order especially after the promulgation of Proclamation No. 1081, dated September 21,
1972;

WHEREAS, in the course of the enforcement of said Private Security Agency Law, as
amended, it has been observed that there is need for additional amendments to attain
fully the objective thereof.

NOW, THEREFORE, I, FERDINAND E. MARCOS, President of the Philippines,

pursuant to Proclamation No. 1081, dated September 21, 1972 and in my capacity as
Commander-in-Chief of all the Armed Forces of the Philippines, do hereby order and
decree that:

1. Section three (d) of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred eighty-seven,

otherwise known as, "The Private Security Agency Law," as amended, be further
amended to read as follows:

"(d) Watchman or Security Guard; Watchman or Security Guard Agency. Any

person who offers or renders personal service to watch or secure either
residential or business establishment, or both, or any building, compound, area,
including, but not limited to, logging concessions, agricultural, mining or pasture
lands, for hire or compensation, or as an employee thereof, including any
employee of the national or local governments or any agency or instrumentality
thereof and of government-owned or controlled firms or corporations, who is
employed to watch or secure government buildings, compounds, premises and
other properties, other than members of the Armed Forces of the Philippines,
guards of the Bureau of Prisons, provincial and city jail guards, and members of
city and municipal police forces, shall be known as watchman or security guard;
and any person, association, partnership, firm or private corporation, who/which
recruits, trains, furnishes, or employs any watchman or security guard, or solicits
individual, business firms, private, public or government-owned or controlled
corporations to engage his/its service or those of his/its watchmen or security
guards, shall be known as Watchman or Security Guard Agency."

2. Section four of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred and eighty-seven,

as amended, is amended further by adding as the last paragraph thereof the
following:

"The qualifications for an individual, firm, corporation, partnership, or association

not doing business or organized purposely or principally as a watchman or
security guard agency who/which is utilizing any of his/its employees to watch,
secure or guard his/its business establishment, premises, compound or
properties and required to secure a license in accordance herewith shall be as
prescribed by law, rules or regulations governing his/its business organization
and operation."

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3. Section five of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred and eighty-seven is

hereby amended by inserting before the final proviso thereto the following:

"Provided, furthermore, That instead of the qualifications herein prescribed,

employees of the national or local governments or any agency or instrumentality
thereof, or of government-owned or controlled corporations required to secure a
license under this Act shall be subject to the qualifications for the positions to
which they are appointed."

4. Section eight of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred eighty-seven is

hereby amended by inserting as the last paragraph thereof, the following:

"Provided, finally, That the national or local governments, or the agencies or

instrumentalities thereof, as well as government-owned or controlled corporations
which shall utilize any of their employees as watchman or security guard are
exempted from securing the license herein prescribed."

5. Section eight of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred eighty-seven is

hereby amended by inserting as the last proviso thereof, the following:

"Provided, further, That employees of the national or local governments or the

agencies or instrumentalities thereof, as well as of government-owned or
controlled corporations, who are employed or utilized as watchman or security
guard as herein defined, shall not pay the fees or file the bonds herein
prescribed.

6. Section nine of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred eighty-seven is

amended to read as follows:

"Sec. 9. Employees need not be licensed. Any person operating, managing,

directing or conducting a licensed private watchman or security guard agency, as
well as any person having any participation in the management or operation
thereof except those employed solely for clerical or manual work shall secure the
license prescribed by section 6 of this Act, as amended."

7. Section eleven of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four hundred eighty-seven is

hereby amended by adding as the second paragraph thereof, the following:

"In case of emergency or in times of disasters or calamities, the Chief of

Constabulary may deputize any private detective, watchman or security guard as
herein defined to assist the Philippine Constabulary in the performance of
Constabulary duties for the duration of such emergency, disaster or calamity."

8. Paragraph one of Section sixteen of Republic Act Numbered Fifty-four

hundred eighty-seven is hereby amended to read as follows:

"On membership: No license shall be granted to any agency unless it has under its
employ at least fifty watchmen or security guards: Provided, That any agency which is
now operating with less than fifty watchmen and/or security guards may continue to
operate until June 30, 1973: Provided, further, That all agencies shall have under their
employ not less than one hundred watchmen and/or security guards by January 1,
1974: Provided, finally, That the maximum number of watchmen or security guards that
an agency may employ, to include its branches, shall be as follows:

1. In the Greater Manila Area (Philippine Constabulary Metropolitan Command

Area of operation) ................ not more than one thousand;
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2. In the first class cities and municipalities ................ not more than five
hundred; and

3. In other cities and municipalities ................ not more than three hundred.

The Chief of Constabulary may promulgate necessary rules and regulations for the
effective implementation of this Decree.

Done in the City of Manila, this 17th day of January, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen
hundred and seventy-three.

REFERENCE
Books
Ajero, J. M. (2014). Industrial and Corporate Security Management. Quezon City:
Wiseman’s Book Trading
Bobier, D. (2016). Industrial security management. Novaliches Quezon City: Chapter
House Publishing Inc.
Fulgencio, E. M. (2016). Security Management Principles Techniques & Applications
Gonzales, D.N. and Ramos, M. J. (2016). Emergency Preparedness of the Provincial
Disaster and Risk Reduction Management Council in Dealing with Natural Disaster: An
Assessment
Tenorio, M.G. (2017). Industrial security management. MSEUF Workbook
Website
About. (n.d.). SSCPHILS LLC Research and Analysis Services. Retrieved December 29,
2021, from http://www.sscphils.com/about/index.html
Bellis, M. (2020, February 5). The History of Locks. ThoughtCo. Retrieved December 26,
2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/history-of-locks-4076693
Types of Locks. (n.d.). Security Snobs. Retrieved January 2, 2022, from
https://securitysnobs.com/Types-Of-Locks.html

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