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The document discusses Finite Element methods, focusing on their basic principles, including the use of a mesh for domain approximation and the concept of isoparametric quadrilateral elements. It covers the assembly of global systems, boundary conditions, and Gauss integration techniques for numerical analysis. Examples illustrate the application of these methods in various scenarios, such as rectangular and bar elements.

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Yuen Edward
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45 views10 pages

handwritten notes 2 (2)

The document discusses Finite Element methods, focusing on their basic principles, including the use of a mesh for domain approximation and the concept of isoparametric quadrilateral elements. It covers the assembly of global systems, boundary conditions, and Gauss integration techniques for numerical analysis. Examples illustrate the application of these methods in various scenarios, such as rectangular and bar elements.

Uploaded by

Yuen Edward
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Handwritten notes 2

2. Finite Element methods


2.1 The basic idea

Finite Element methods are specific Galerkin methods

Approximation of domain via a Finite Element mesh.

element
element node numbers

node

if
basis functions:
if

interpolation formula
nodal
displacement
Idea: consider every element separately

element number
global node number
element node number

element stiffness matrix

element load vectors

2.2 The isoparametric quadrilateral element

"prototype" element

natural coordinates:

reference element
isoparametric

nodal position vectors

element stiffness matrix:

need

chain rule:

Jacobi matrix

to be excluded: singular, i.e., for certain values of x,y

This is the case for concave elements:


Example 2.1: rectangular element
load vectors:

individual forces acting on nodes:

individual force at node i:

2.3 Assembling of the global system:

summation with respect to global node numbers


band structure

boundary condition:

elimination of corresponding rows and columns

Example 2.2: bar element


assembling:
stresses: constant within each element

jumps at interfaces between


elements

maximum stress underestimated

2.4 Gauss integration

Cannot be integrated numerically for


general element geometrie

numeric integration

approximation:

Determine the parameters such, that polynomials of degree


are integrated exactly.

We use:

Legendre polynomials:

property: for

Lagrange polynomials:
property:

polynomial of degree

Let be a polynomial of degree

polynom division: degree

Select zero values of as nodes

select

Example 2.3:

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