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12Th PBA Chemistry

The document outlines the guidelines for the Practical Based Assessment (PBA) in Chemistry for HSSC-11, detailing the structure of the assessment, including two sections with specific weightages for practical experiments. It emphasizes the importance of performing prescribed practicals throughout the academic year, as only those who have completed them will be eligible to attempt the PBA. Additionally, it specifies that no marks will be awarded for practical notebooks or viva voce, and MCQs will not be included in the assessment.

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2K views111 pages

12Th PBA Chemistry

The document outlines the guidelines for the Practical Based Assessment (PBA) in Chemistry for HSSC-11, detailing the structure of the assessment, including two sections with specific weightages for practical experiments. It emphasizes the importance of performing prescribed practicals throughout the academic year, as only those who have completed them will be eligible to attempt the PBA. Additionally, it specifies that no marks will be awarded for practical notebooks or viva voce, and MCQs will not be included in the assessment.

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FBISE PRACTIAL BASED ASSESEMENT (PBA) CHEMISTRY HSSC-11 (CURRICULUM 2006) Guidelines/instructions for teachers/paper setters: i. There will be two sections in PBA paper. In section ~ similarly, in section ~ B there will be one question h Insection~A, question no.1 will be based only on A there will be one questions having parts in it ‘aving parts in it. one experiment taken from Part —| of the list of practicals. ii, Insection ~B, questions no. 2 will based on multiple experiments taken from Part ~H1of the list of practicals. iv, Weightage of Part ~ | practical is 60% while weightage of Part Draw diagrams{s) if asked for. ~ Il practicals is 40% in the PBA paper. v. Dra hs vi. Inthe new pattern of practicals i.e. Practical based assessment (PBA), there will be no marks for practical note books and viva voce. However, students may record procedures, observations, apparatus and calculation etc on any type of plain papers/work sheets / practical folder for their future memory of all aspects of practical performance in order to attempt the PBA examination amicably. vi. If may be noted that performance of all the prescribed practicals is mandatory in the laboratories during the whole academic year and only those students will be able to attempt the PBA who will have performed the practicals in the laboratories as per requirement of each practical. vii. MCQs will not be asked in PBA paper. ix, The 0.5 mark question will not be asked in any section of PBA paper. List of Practical’s HSSC — II Chemistry (Curriculum 2006) PART-1 (09 Marks) (60% of Practical Marks) 1 Detect following cations by dry / wet tests. cu, Fe, Fe, ca”, Ba? Po®, Cr, Zn NAT! Detect following anions by dry / wet tests. OF ,COP CI, Br", 1", NOE | identify aldehyde and ketone functional group Eten en Con is) (Cae Prepare Nickel Dimethyl Glyoxime. [Prepare lodoform. x | Identify the Carboxylic Acid Functional Group |_4 [Prepare Glucosazone Leis | 'dentify Phenol functional group. se J 4 CONTENTS DETECTION OF CATIONS (BASIC RADICALS) MBICOLOURED SALT RADICALS} cu PBATEST-I with Solution PBA TEST—I with Solution peel RoLU TESST Va TV eAT ee ° an © NHG © Pb + (Post Lab Question” PBATEST-I with Solution PBATEST-II1 with Solution STEP - I (For Student Understanding) | 2 | DETECTION OF ANIONS (ACID RADICALS) __ eT ree — * CO; * $0,? + (Post Lab Questicne’) PBA TEST -1 i STEP - Ill PME LE ae a ene Marks _ 09 Marks "pga TEST~ 1 with Solution (cu) + (So?) (09 Marks) | 39 ‘pga TEST— 2 with Solution (nie) + (co*) (09 Marks) 41 [pga TesT~ 3_ with Solution (ce) + (ce) ~~(09 Marks). 43 ‘pea TEST—4 with Solution (0) + (nost) «(09 Marks) _ 45 [pon TEsT-5_with Solution (ya) +) ~(09Marks) | 47 PBATEST~6 with Solution (Fe) + (Soe) ae | PBA TEST—7 with Solution | pBa TEST ith Solution ——_(Fe's)_+ (cr) | pa TEST— 9 with Solution (Ba*) + = cel 1 in) __(09 Marks) 3 IDENTIFICATION OF ALDEHYDES & KETONES _+ {Post Lab Questioner ot (09) Marks 63 | SECTION B aN ea} (CET) (Ca este) we) 4 | IDENTIFICATON OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS & PHENOLS | | * Identification of Carboxylic acid 69 : i * Identification of Phenols + (Post Lab Questioner) | __[PBATEST—1 with Solution (06 Marks) 72 PBATEST-2 with Solution (06 Marks) 73 SYNTHESIS/PREPARATIONS | + (Post Lab Questioner) | _75 + (Post Lab Questioner) | __76 Prepare pure ae ‘sample of iodoform |* Prepare a pure and dry sample of glucosazone + (Post Lab Questioner)| 77 | 7 with Solution (06) Marks 73) with Solution (06) Marks 79 rey ya aaatw ai) —_|FBISE Model Paper HSSC-II_ with Solution (15 Marks) | 85 PBA Sample Model Paper: -1 with Solution (15 Marks) | 92 | PBA Sample Model Paper — I|_ with Solution (15 Marks) | 97 (SOTA PAG CAL BOOK) aw SECTION A Part - | 60% OF Practical Marks 09 Marks . Detect following cations by dry / wet tests. __Cu™, Fe™, Fe®, Ca, Ba®, Ph?*, Cr, Zn?*, NH, . Detect following anions by « dry/wettests. 504%, CO3*, CE, Br, I) NO - Identify aldehyde and ketone functio Gmenicinn PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT WORKBOOK FOR 12th ACCORDING TO PBA MODEL PAPER sem ENC BOOK) = OA ED Basic Concepts: Salt Analysis An atom or a a j Group of atom that behave le species during reactio ! wi fee at behav ile species during reactions is called a Hes gain ani e.g. Cl", SOP, COP, Nal, Zn”, Ca”, NHS ete. L The lonic substance formed by the neutralization of an acid with a base is called a salt A salt is composed of two parts. (i) Acid radical (i) Basic radical €.g. NaOH neutralizes HCI to form NaCl (salt) and water. NaOH + HCE — Nace + H,0 Base Acid dena Basic Acid radical radical cid Radical ‘The part of the salt obtained from the acid during its formation is called an acid radical. Itis thre negative portion of the salt. Its also called an anion. eg. Cl!", NO\", SOP , COP ete. basle Radical ‘The part of the salt obtained from base during its formation is called a basic radical Itis the positive portion of the salt. It is also called a cation. e.g. Fe, Pb™, Ca”, Zn", NH," etc. Qualitative Analysis It deals with identification and confirmation of the radicals present in 2 salt. Salt Analysis The qualitative analysis of a salt used to find out the acid and basic radical of a salt. Aqueous Solution The solution prepared by dissolving salt in water is called aqueous. Solution. (Aq. Sol.) Original Solution _The solution prepared by dissolving salt in a solvent is called an original sol. {0.s.) Precipitate (ppt.) The insoluble solid particles formed in a solution due to some reaction is called precipitate. Ory Test The test performed on dry sat is called a dry test. e.g, Heating the dry salt in a test tube WetTest The test performed by making solution ofthe salt is called wet test onfimatory Test The test performed to confirm a radical that has already been identified by dry and wet tests is called a confirmatory test. c 3 Un earsS ee | May be Fe" White or colourless { ‘Observation | Light green | Darkgreen | Maybe Cr* fe Inference Blue May be Cu* Yellowish brown | May be Fe™ wm wire and make 2 small oop at ts end. Dip itm conc. HCI, Heat it in oxdnng ime he flame. mount of salt with little cone. HCI to form a paste. Take the paste onto the platinum vrs ‘ea Max small at the paste in onidizing flame, Note the colour of the flame with naked eye and through blue glass bunsen flame (Sait + HCl) Paste ca uel eae pedigree ete UaiiSccuIss Bluish green [ Blue fed | Light green ght green [Green w ee Recut of salt in 2 test tube. Add small amount of cobalt nitrate solution. Dip a piece of “othe solution. Dry the filter paper. Burn the filter paper and note the colour of the ash. ed Inference Sr, [PRACTICAL HOOK) ges " : aw (FEOERALEDD -i Filter paper burning Note the ash Colour salt solution + Filter paper dipped in cobalt nitrate solution Chemistry of the filter ash test salts of Zn®*, Mg”*are decomposed into their oxides on heating. Co(NOs)2 also decomposed to CoO. ‘The oxides of metals then react with C’00 to form the ash of characteristic colour. {For Zn’ salts For Mg” salts a | 2Co(NO,), —>2C00 + 4NO, +0, 2Co(NO,), —>2C00 +4NO, +0; @&CO,—ZN0+ CO, MgCO, —>Mg0+CO, | . In0+COO— Zn0.C0O0 MgO + CoO —>Mg0.Co0 | Wet Tests 1, Preparation of original solution (0.S.) for wet test analysis for basic radicals. + Ifsaltis soluble in water then the salt is dissolved in distilled water and this solution is called as original solution (0.S,) or aqueous solution (ag. Solution). «Ifthe salts insoluble in water then the original solution (0.5:) is prepared as follows. Dissolve the salt in the following solvents in cold and hot state in the given order. (i) Dilute Hel (ii) Cone. Hel (ii) Dilute v0, (iv) Cone. HNO, (v) Aqua Regia (3 volume of conc. HCI + 1 volume of conc. HNO, ) -# IFS. is prepared in cone. HCI then dilute the solution with distilled water and proceed for the analysis. ©” IfO.S. is prepared in HNOs or aqua regia, then evaporate the solution to dryness and then add distilled water to the remaining residue and called it 0.S. 2. Preparation of original solution (0.S.) for wet test analysis for acid radicals. Mix 1 g of salt with 4g sodium carbonate in a test tube. Add about 10-15 cm? of distilled water. Boil it for sometime. Filter it and throw away the precipitate. To the filtrate add acetic acid till the effervescence stops. Boil off CO; , This is the original solution (0.S.).. DETECTION SALT ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR BASIC RADICALS Sait (Note cotour of Salt ‘ ‘ Colpured Salts be beh . ‘ ’ + ‘ . * ’ j ene Light Yellow Glue Grick Red Greer Green Green Sak ic) (ha Pv om re™) Fe) (Cu) Appty Fier ° ‘ No Colour seer (Pe N) ’ OS + NaOH . , White ppt. (Pb") Nihty gars evento (Meta! ee Blue ppt Bive ppt LalFerON insoluble in excess soluble in excess giving Chocolate trow | ainda 1 _ dark bhue solution Chromium (i) (Cr) Green ppt. soluble in excess Green ppt le | giving dark green solution _ insoluble in excess tron (it) (Fe) Green ppt. soluble in excess Green ppt siding Sheaiicesnaet iets _ insoluble in excess tron (Hi) (Fe) Red brown ppt. Reg brown pot be _____ insohuble in excess _ Insoluble im excess (Ca’*) __ White ppt No pet (Ba’*) _, No ppt No pet Yetlow (NH;) | Nis produced on heating Os with NaOH which gives edie a dense white fumes with HC Lead (H) (Ps) White ppt. soluble in excess White opt. insofuble in . — - t 7 excess, Black Zine () (Zn) White ppt. solubie White ppt. insoluble in In excess, excess text ICAL HOOK) aw (ORAL Coloured Salt Radicals Copper (Cu?*) OBSERVATIONS Ue sud ey “Colour of salt was noted, 2 Flame Test | Flame test was applied, 3 | filter Ash Test | Filter Ash test was applied. Blue colour Cul" Is indicated | Bluish green flame. appeared, | Cu” is indicated, | No characteristic ash formed. | Zn" is absent Confirmatory Tests i) | 05.4 NaOH Solution | Blue ppt formed. Cu is confirmed. li) | 0.5. + Ka [Fe(CN)6] solution Chocolate brown colour ppt. Cu** is confirmed. | formed. iil) | O.S. + NHAOH first in small | Blue ppt. formed soluble in Cu is confirmed. | amount and then in excess. [xcs to form deep blue colour | CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS 1) CuSO, + —-2NaOH > —NaxSO, + CulOH), (BIue ppt.) i) 2cuSO, + KafFe(CN)o] > —-2K2SO1 + Cua{Fe(CN)s) (Chocolate brown ppt.) lil) CuSO, = + « ANHsOH = AH, + [CU(NHs)4]SOx (ve solution) (CUA PRACTICAL HOOK) Ro Chromium (Cr?*) OBSERVATIONS wT Colour of salt was noted, 2 | Flame Test | | | Flame test was applied, No characteristic colour of the — | Cuz, carr | Grassy Green salt | CO is ndeatg 2 + Ba ay abseny flame appeared. | | 3. | Filter Ash Test [Filter Ash test was applie | No characteristic ash formed. 2n** is absent I eae ar ae ae | 4 | Confirmatory Tests | . i) Seon ae | xy aeen ppt. formed, | Cis confirmed | | soluble in excess of NaOH. 1 li) | O.S. + NasPOs solution, | Green ppt. of CrPOs | Cris confirmed | Iti) | OS. +NaxHPOs solution. | Green ppt. insoluble in acetic acid | Cr is confirmed | WW)_| 0.5. + NHAOH solution, | Dirty green ppt. formed CP" is confirmed CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS 1) CrCl + © 3NaOH > 3NaCl_ + «Cr(OH)s —(oirty Green ppt.) ll) CrCh + (NasPOs ° > —3NaCl + CrPOy (Green ppt.) fii) CrCl, + ~NazHPO« > 2Nacl + HCl + CPOs (Green ppt) iv) CrCls_ + 3NHsOH > 3NHaCl + © Cr(OH)s (Dirty Green ppt.) Feo oF ea was » fame Test Hipene Heel wet mpg edt aM green oh Name sopened 4 iter wh Test tater AU Vent wan apphed ee Contomatory Tests % )S + NAOM solution HOS «RAMON OS + NaxCO) solution Blue ppt formed EQUATIONS: WET TESTS FeSO. + 2NaON + NMSO, + FeSOe + 2KalFelONh) © We + FeSOe + NexCO) + Navi0s + FeSc. © 2NHWOH > (WHaliSOs + No Chaveeteritie cote at Ho an acteriitic ait formed Heenan white ppt formed White ppt. of feCO) formed Greenih white ppt formed 4 etiegtont EA ta ar anene tn 4 oheawnt Fel 9 contered Fe is confirmed 8 confurmned Hs contemed Fe(OH) Greenish white ppt.) Fes[FelCN ds] (hve pot.) FeCOn (White pot) FelOMh (Greenish white ppt) Cert | Yellow salt. f salt was noted. 1 | Colour o! | 2 Flame Test ! ‘ i Flame test was applied. | No characteristic colour of | Cu, cae ee | | flame appeared. | Ae abe, | n 3. | Filter Ash Test | | No characteristic ash formed. | Zn?* is abse _ Filter Ash test was applied. 4 | Confirmatory Tests i) | 0.5. + KSCN solution li) | 0.S.+NasP0, solution iil) | O.S. + Ka[Fe(CN).] solution iv) | 0.5. + NaOH solution v)_| OS. + NH,OH solution. Fe®*is confirmed, Blood red colouration formed. Yellow ppt. formed of FePOs | Fe?* is confirmed, Prussian blue ppt. formed. Fe** is confirmed, Reddish brown ppt. formed. | Fe** is confirmed | Reddish brown ppt. formed. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i) FeCl; + 3KSCN 3KCI + Fe(SCN)3 (Blood red coloration) li) FeCl; + NasPO4 iii) AFeCls + 3Ka[Fe(CN)s) iv) FeCl; + 3NaQH v) FeCl; + 3NHsOH 3NaCl + FePOs (Yellow ppt.) 12KCl + Fea[Fe(CN)s]s (Prussian blue ppt.) 3NaCl e+ Fe(OH); (Reddish brown ppt.) 3NH.Cl_ + Fe(OH); (Reddish brown ppt.) +Lbuye ; — ‘ IEEE, W50K) ~ 7 Post La Post tab Questioner oat aes ans ge as Ans as Ans ae Ans wat happens when KelFe(CN)}} fs added to copper salt solution? A chocolate red ppt. of Cu,|Fe(CN).) are formed ACUI + KalFO(CNJe] ———— Curl Folie) « 4K chocolate re po, How Feand Fe” can be identified? poth can be identified by the colour of the salt, (i) The colour of Fe* salt is green while that of Fe” is yellow in colour. {u) When NaOH solution is added to the salt solution then Fe’* gives green ppt. while Fe™ gives reddish brown ppt. Fe™+2NaOH =~» Fe(OH), «+ 2Nat (Green ppt) Fe +3Na0H = -> ~— Fe(OH); + 3Nat (Reddish Brown ppt ) ‘What is the color of chromium salts? Dark green What is the colour of ferrous salts? Light green . What is the colour of ferric salts? Yellow What is the colour of copper salts? Blue ‘What Is the formula of Potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide? Potassium ferrocyanide: KalFe(CN)s] Potassium ferricyanide: Ks[Fe(CN)s) What is the formula for the following _ (i) Sodium cobaltinitrite (i) Potassium pyrantimonate () Sodium cobaltinitrite _ Nas[Co{NOa)s} (ii) Potassium pyrantimonate K2H2Sb207 Write the name of Cun{Fe (CN}s) Copper hexacyanoferrate (1!) What happens when excess ammonium hydroxide Is added to 0.5 of Cu"? = When ammanium hydroxide is added to 0.5 of Cu in small amount blue ppt. are formed. When excess NH.OH solution is added, blue ppt. becomes soluble and form deep blue coler solution. GOURTRETISTINT FRAC OK) op PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA 1. How Fe*and Fe** can be identified by chemical test? ~\ ~\ i \ a \ 2. Write two confirmatory tests of Cr>* i enue Een ee ly 0) . tii) 3. Write two confirmatory tests of Cu2* (a Ee eiucnd Cee Inference | (ii) 1@ & i (Blue) * (Light Green) Fe" (Yellowish) Cr "(Grassy Green) Ca" (Brick Red) Cu’ (Bluish Green) Ba’" (Light Green) ERS oss Cat (Brick Red) Platinum, Heat Platinum wire in bunsen mm j flame to remove impurities hydrochloric acid Bunsen Burner (Salt + HCl) Paste Bunsen Burner Salt solution + Filter paper Filter paper burning Cobalt nitrate solution _ dipped in solution Green Ash i ie SYN} me DN wal Oe ALYS FOR AN 73 yal! AR: APP! PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST - IT Pst happens when sodium hydroxide solution is added to copper sulphate solution? [01] [02] 4, What are the colors of following salts [02] {i) Copper carbonate (i) Ferrous sulphate 5. Give two confirmatory tests for Fe** [02] im Experiment Cea Maas fi) aa RACTICAL BOOK? 1. How Fe®and Fe” When NaOH soln is added to PRACTICAL BA‘ SED ASSESSMENT (Pa, ‘can be identified by chemical Lngtd the salt soln then Fe’ Fe?" + 2NaOH -» Fe(OH) + 2Na* (Green ppt) Fe** + 3NaOH > Fe(OH); + 3Na’ (Reddish Brown ppt.) 2. Write two confirmatory tests of Cr°* Emin i) ]O..+NaOH solution | ii) | os enayPosoition 3. Write two confirmatory tests of Cu2* ten 0.5. + NaOH Solution O'S. + Ke [Fe(CN)¢] solution J Cu +2NaOH > Cu(OH)2 (Blue ppt.) the solution. Dry the filter paper. Burn the filter paper and note the colour of the ash. Green ash: Zn" 4. (i) Copper carbonate Blue (ii) Ferrous sulphate ght green 5. Give two confirmatory tests for Fe’* Experiment i) | 0.5. + NaOH solution | i) | 0.8. + KsfFe(CNJe) (potassium (__| ferricyanide) Greenish white ppt. formed. Blue ppt. formed Cann Dirty green ppt. formed, soluble in excess of NaOH. Pale green ppt. of CrPOs Ce) INE) Blue ppt formed. Chocolate brown colour ppt. formed + 2Nat Ciera gives green ppt. while Fe** givos red Uy bry ea rT QR Cis confirmed CP is confirmed Cu** is confirmed, Cu* is confirmed, een PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST Fe2* is confirmed: Fe? is confirmed A pes PRACTICAL 80 y ore Colourless Salt Radicals errant erenemeenssesaeeansnnsasusesssasenanestsibieeeasaliaes Calcium (Ca?*) OBSERVATIONS Bila a313) [a 39 Salt was white. Coloured salts (Cu®, Fe”, Fe™, CP") are absent. Flame Test | Flame test was applied. Brick Red flame appeared. Ca?" is indicated 3. Filter Ash Test | Filter ash test was applied, | No characteristic ash formed. 2n?* is absent = = am 4 | Confirmatory Tests oe a | ) | OS+ NHaChs) + KelFe(CN)c] White ppt. formed Cais confirmed fi) 0. + dil, HzS0s solution. | White ppt. formed Cais confirmed it) | 0.5 + NasPOs solution. | White ppt. formed Ca?* is confirmed. _ iv) | 0.5+ NaOH solution | White ppt. formed Ca** is confirmed. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS a 2CaCl, + Ka[Fe(CN)s] > 4KCI + Caz[Fe(CN)s] (White ppt.) fl) CaCh + H2SOs > 2HCL + CaSOs (White ppt) fi) 3CaC + .2NasPOs > — GNaCl + Cas{POx)2 (White ppt.) WW) cack + 2NaOH > 2NaCl + Ca(OH), (White ppt.) 5: Identification of Radical Dry Test: white. c 1 Colour of salt was noted. salt was Oloured salts, CP) ate absen 2 Flame Test ; Flame test was applied. Yellowish green flame Ba’* is indicat, appeared 3 Filter Ash Test Filter ash test was applied. No characteristic ash formed. Zn?* is absent Wet Tests 4 Confirmatory Tests i) OS + dil, H2SO« White ppt insoluble in mineral Ba?" is confirme acids. ii) 0S + KxCrOs solution. Yellow ppt. insoluble in Ba®* is confirmed CHsCOOH. hit ir White ppt. soluble in acetic acid 32+ is contirmes iii) 0.5 + (NH4)2C20e solution. on heating CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i) BaClh + HpSOs -> 2HCl + BaSOs ii) Bale + K2CrO4 > — 2KCl + BaCrOs iii) BaCl, + (NHs)C20s ->» = 2NHaCl+ BaCzO4 (White ppt.) (Yellow ppt.) (white ppt.) eta eNO a Zine (2n?*) te Pl) OBSERVATIONS INFERENCES tdentification of Radical 1 EBlour of cat was mi 2 Hamme Test Flame test was apphed. No teristie colour of tut, Cot, Ba ave at flame 4 3 Hitter Ash Test fitter ash test was applied Green ash formed Znt* ys indicated wet Tests: 4 Confirmatory Tests OS + NaOH solution White ppt. formed soluble in Zn?* is confirmed excess of NaOH OS. + KalFe(CN)s] solution White ppt. formed Zn** is confirmed. ©.5. + NH«OH solution White ppt. soluble in excess 2n** is confirmed NH.OH MEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS 0 UChr + 2NaOH ~» —-2NaCl_ = + AN(OH)2 (White ppt.) nO + 2NAOH ~» NaaZnO1 + 2H:0 (Clear solution, soluble) ) BAC «+ KalFe(CN] > © AKC + ImlFe(CN)s] (white ppt.) m Inch = + 2NHAOH > " QNHCL + 2N(OH)2 (White pot.) COSY toast) as CERO Coloured salts Cue ae - 4 Salt was white, ‘i (Cum Fa 1 | Colour of salt was note Cr*) are absent 2 | Flame Test | cu’, ca? gaze | rs test was applied. No characteristic colour of the | Cu", Ca®*, ga ate aby | Flame . flame appeared. ane n®* is absent. 3. | Filter Ash Test ; 24, 1+ Filter ash test was applied No characteristic ash formed. | Pb®*or NHy May be press i Identification of Radical (Wet Test) 1 4 | OS+Na0H+heat | NHs gas is evolved, NHa!* is indicated, | 5. | Confirmatory Tests | - | 0 |os+Nessler's reagent (K2Hgla) Brown ppt. formed, NHa* i) | 0.5 + picric acid solution, Yellow needle like crystals NH | formed, Yellow ppt. formed, * is confirmed. 's** is confirmed. | iii) | O.S + acetic acid and sodium NHa!*is confirmed | ___| Sobaltnitrite solution, CHEMICAL EQUATIONS; WET TESTS, 4 NHI + NaOH om SNBG oe ia NH (Smet! of ammonia) ) NH + Ktigly > NH2.Heols (Brown ppt) Toe il) Nee Cp (Picric acd) o lo, “aie Wi) BNHe" + NasiColNoad) 3Nacl + (NHa)sfCO(NOs}e) (Yetow ppt) ~~ reper ED Colour of salt was noted. ~” White colour r*) are absent. Flame Test Flame test was applied. No characteristics colour of i flame appeared. 3 | Filter Ash Test | Filter Ash test was applied. | No characteristic ash formed. 2 Cut, Ca®*, Ba** are absent Zn* is absent. Pb?*or NHa!* may be present = + : | Identification of Radical (Wet Test) \ (0.5 + NaOH + heat No NHs gas is evolved | Niet is absent 4 | Pb? is indicated t W Feri 3 “5 | Confirmatory Tests { i) | OS +KxCrOs solution. | Yellow ppt. of PbCrOs forme: Pb** is confirmed fi) | O.S+Kisolution. | Yellow ppt. of Pbia formed. | Pb? is confirmed iil) | OS + dil. H2SOs. | White ppt. of PbSO. formed. | Pb#* is confirmed iv) | 0.S+NHOH solution | White ppt. formed. | Pb?* is confirmed Moses __|btackppt-ormed. __| Pb# scone -HEMICAL EQUATIONS: WET TESTS i) Pb(NOs), + K2CrOs -> = 2KNOs- + PHCrOx (Yellow pet) i) Pb(NOs)2 + 2KI > 2KNO; + Pblz (Wellow ppt) ill) Pb(NOsjz + HaSOs > + 2HNOs- + -PBSOx —(whiteppt) Ww) Pb(NOs)2 + 2NH:OH -> 2NHaNOs + Pb(OH)2 (Whiteppt) > vy Pb(NOs)z + HaS 2HNO3; + =PbS (Black ppt.) COUTTAATENSLT PRACTICAL NOOK ow Qt Ans Q2 Ans Q3z Ans a4 Ans Qs Ans a6 Ans Q7 Ans as Ans ag Ans Q.10 Ans ’ Post Lab Questioner => — fora "ant ‘What are the colours of the salts of following cations, Pb?" , Zn?*? Pb* White 2n* White What happens when K:Cr0x solution is added to Pb” salt solution? Yellow ppt. of PbCrO, formed Pb + KyCrOy > PbCrOs + 2K" Yellow ppt, ‘What happens when potassium ferro cyanide solution is added to zinc salt solution? White ppt. Formed Zn 04) + KalFe(CN),](aq) ————» 2na[Fe(CN)s] + 4K aq) What colour is imparted to the flame by Ca® and Ba"? Ca Brick Red Ba" Light Green Which radical Bives yellow ppt. with kicr0,? Barium NH gas is evolved. It NH3 + HCI ~ ‘What is the formula of ‘Nessler's reagent? Nessler's reagent Ks Higl, What is the colour of ash Produced during filter ash test Of Zinc radical? sh te a idical Which colour is im, parted to flame by Cup Greenish blue What is the formula of ash fo ae med in filter ash test of Zinc radical? ery *) i Web tee Lomfitmatory tests of Zn i * 3. Wiite two confirmatory tests of Ca’ {02} a @ © What happens when dil, H)50s is added to Barium ions solution? {0} qrsuRRSTTEHACTICA OO) PRACTICAL BASED rls ow aflame test x performed? 2. Give one confirmatory test of ammonium ion? Cite co (time 3. When the salt X Is subjected to flame test, it gives green flame. Which cation is indicated? 4, Give one confirmatory test for the radical indicated in 3. {ny ein (irae Moc w 5S. What happens when K:CrOs solution is added to the solution of cation indicated in 3. {o] 6. Give two confirmatory tests for Pb** (a2) GGESERIBUSNT PRACTICAL BOOK) a ALE PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-1 : 7 White 2 Cell ees i) | 05.4 NaOH solution White ppt. formed soluble in | | excess of NaOH. Zn?" is confirmed. ii) | O.S.+Ka{Fe(CN)s] solution. | White ppt. formed. ji) | 0.5. + NH:OH solution White ppt. soluble in excess | 2n?* is confirmed je o __| NHsOH ___| 2n** is confirmed a x A Letitia tauls i) | 0.S+dil. H)S0s solution, ji) | O.S+NasPOs solution iil) |O.S+NaOH solution Ceci) ens White ppt. of CaSOx formed | Ca** is confirmed, White ppt. formed | Ca?* is confirmed. White ppt. formed Ca** is confirmed. 4, White ppt. of BaSO, are formed: Ba®* + H2SOs —» BaSOs + 2H* Sen PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-II * Take a platinum wire and make a small loop at its end. Dip it in conc. HCI. Heat it in a hot Bunsen flame till no colour appears in the flame. * Mix small amount of the salt with conc. HCI to form a paste * Take the paste onto the platinum and heat in flame. * Anintense flash of colour is obtained. e.g. brick red for Ca?* 2. Give one confirmatory test of ammonium ion? Experiment estan S + nessler s reagent (KHgle) | Brown ppt. formed. ion Inference is confirmed. 3. When the salt X is subjected to flame test, it gives green flame. Which cation is indicated? Ba" salts give green flame eee + K2CrOs solution. 5. Write reaction of the confirmatory test in 4 Ba®* + KxCrOg + BaCrOa + 2H* (Yellow ppt.) 6. Give two confirmatory tests for Pb”* Geen O.S + KxCrO, solution. OS+H:S Cire emis Yellow ppt. of PbCrO. formed. | Pb** is indicated. Black ppt. formed. Pb** is confirmed (TTT PRACTICAL HOOK, 23] DETECTION OF ANIONS SALT ANALYSIS SCHEME FOR ACIDIC RADICALS OS + BaCl (Solution) t sit! , Ppt. formed No ppt. {808 C0) (CP Bet oso Ppt. formed + H/C f + ote No effervescence Colourless gas White Pale Yellow Ny {sv ) evolves with ppt. Yellow ppt, effervescence ppt. (CO; ) (ce) (Br) (ity SHORT SCHEME FOR DETECTION / CONFORMATION OF ACIDIC RADIC ALS. UCT E Reactions Carbonate (0? ) CO: librated by dilute acids (e.g. HCl) which turns lime water milky Sulphate (So; ) Give white ppt. with BaClz.<) or with lead acetatejza) insoluble in excess dil acids Chloride (cr) Gives white ppt. with AgNOsis<) Give chromyl chloride test Bromide (2 ) Give white ppt. with AgNOsis0) Give orange layer in layer test lodide (/ ) Gives yellow ppt. with AgNOsixq) partially soluble in NHsOHjs0) Gives yellow ppt. with lead acetate;s.; Nitrate (NO;) __NHs liberated on heating with NaOH. and Zn dust. Give brown ring when conc. H;5Os is added to mixture of FeSO: and salt solutio a GERTTATETTINT PRACTICAL HOOK a 1] Carbonate (co, ) alia LE OBSERVATIONS UT ta oy {dentification of Radical Wet Tests 1 OS + BaClz solution. White ppt. formed in cold state, Group! (COs, 604 Jis present 2 ppt. formed + dil. HCI Colourless gas evolved with COW? indicated effervescence, turned lime water milky 3 DryTest Salt + dil. H»SOx Colourless gas evolved with COs is indicated effervescence, Turned lime water milky, Confirmatory Tests (Wet Tests) 4 O.S+MgSOx solution, White ppt. in cold state. COs" is confirmed $ O.$+CaCk solution. White ppt. in cold state COs" is confirmed 6 — O.+SrCl solution. White ppt. in cold state COs* 1s confirmed CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: 1. NaxCO; + BaCh -» —2NaCl_ +: BaCOs (White ppt.) 2. BaCO; + 2HCI > Bach = + —~H2O + COr (effervescence) 3. BaCO; + H2SOs > —BaSOg + HO + CO2 (effervescence) 4. NaxCO; + MgSOs > —NazSOs + ~MgCOs (White ppt.) 5. NaCO; + CaCh 6 NaxCO; + SrClz > — 2Nacl + 2NaCl = + « —-2NaCl + BaSOs (white ppt.) 4, NazSOs + (CHsCOO)Pb > ~—-2CHsCOONa + PbSOs White ppt.) S NeSO4 + Bt > NaCl + $1504 (White ppt) GATES! ACTICAL HOOK} a (COMMA cone Nee ee ema RREESIIEREEE =e Post Lab Questioner a3. Ans aa. Ans as. Ans a6. Ans Name one insoluble carbonate and one insolubl T BaCOs, BaSO« Mita Name one soluble carbonate and one soluble sulphi NazCOs, NaSOs sree ‘What happens when BaCl, solution is added to CO\* salt solution? White ppt. of Barium carbonate (BaCOs) are formed BaCh+COs* = + =~ BaCOs + 2c ‘What happens when BaCh solution is added to $0_* salt solution? White ppt. of Barium carbonate (BaSOs) are formed. BaCh+SO* = + ~—BaSOx + 2Cr Which gas is evolved when BaCO: ppt. are treated with dil. HCI? CO; gas is evolved with effervescence BaCOs + 2HCI - BaClz + H20 + CO: (effervescence) ‘When BaCt; solution is added in salt solution, white precipitates are formed. This is the indication of $0.’or CO;*, how can you identify that precipitates are of ‘$0,* and CO; The white ppt, are treated with dil. HCl. Ifa gas evolves with effervescence then itis COs? and if no gas evolves then it is sulphate. BaCOs+2HCl > —_BaClr + H20 + COa (effervescence) BaSO, + 2HCI - No gas evolves MgSO«,, CaClz and SrCh solutions can be used to confirm the presence of carbonate lons. How? MgSO, CaCl and SrCh form insoluble ppt. of MgCOs, CaCOs and SrCOs COs?" +MgSOs > — SOa”_ + MgCOs (White, ppt.) COs +Cach =~ SOR + CaCOs (White ppt) COx-+SrCl, > SOA™_ + _StCOs (White pot) .e solution is added to sulphate ions solution formed which are soluble in ammonium acetate, 2CHsCOO- + —PbSOs (White ppt.) ‘What happens when lead acetat White ppt. of lead acetate are f $04?" + (CH3COO),Pb > (i) Sodium nitroprusside (li) Lead acetate Write the formula for the following oaac ale (ii) Lead acetate (CHsCOO),Pb (i) Sodium nitroprusside _Naa{Fe(CN)sNO} How CO; gas can be detected? Lime water is solution of lime CaO in wat produce Ca(OH)s, When COr is passed through lime water itrea Therefore, lime water turns milky due to the formation of CaCOs Ca{OH),+CO2 > CaCOs + H:0 er, When Ca0 is dissolved in water it reacts with water (0 cts with Ca(OH): and produce CaCOr. PRACTICAL BOOK, “m ; acy Leer Venda. ASSESSMENT (PBA) Loa 1, When BaCh solution is added in salt solution, white penperesn ond This is the; ‘or CO}, how can you identify that precipitates are of SOs" oF COs to 4 f | | | | L Fvwnota Sat Soliton 2. Write two confirmatory tests of SO4?~ Pl ae , EUG rec eRe | | Pe afeses 3. Write two confirmatory tests of COs> ra ies wo] PRAG UMA PRACTICAL HOOK | ew Ome _ Differentiate between carbonate fons and sulphate ions by chemical test? [02] _ What happens when {02} {i) SrCl, solution Is added to sodium carbonate solution {i 8aCOs Is treated with dil. HC! = {02} Write one confirmatory test each for COs and SO Cite I Experiment Inference (CEES PRACTICAL HOOK) — = ~ Beatie) PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (pag aN 1. The white ppt. are treated with dil, HCI. Ifa gas evolves with effervescence then j Est evolves then itis sulphate. BaCOy + 2HCL * — BaCh + H20 + CO» (efferves BaCO, + 2HCI ’ No gas evolves once) 2, Write two confirmatory tests of SOx?” Clmene White ppt. formed, soluble in ammonium acetal eae | | | t ‘White ppt insoluble in conc. HCI | SOa*is contirmeg 3. Write two confirmatory tests of CO;?~ Cel sulin White ppt. in cold state Tours 0) 0.S+MgSO, solution (i) [OS*Cack solution White ppt. in cold state. SOLUTION PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEs7. 1 BaCfs solution is added in salt solution, white precipitates are formed. The white ppt. are treatea HCI. Ifa gas evolves with effervescence then it is COs. This gas turns lime water milky. BaCO;+2HCl = + BALI, + H20 + Cz (effervescence) Ca{OH}2+CO2 + —CaCO3+H20 (CaCO ppt. make solution milky) 2. When BaCl, solution is added in salt solution, white precipitates are formed. This is the indication ofS) or COs". BaCl,+COs* => = 2X + BaCOs (white ppt) BaCh+SO? = = 2Cr_— + BaSOs (white ppt) The white ppt. are treated with dil. HCI Ifa gas evolves with effervescence then it is COs andif no evolves then it is sulphate, BaCOr+2HCl > —_—BaCle + M20 + CO: (effervescence) BaSO,+2HCl + —_Nogas evolves Tae CO3* is confirmed | COs is confirmed 3. What happens when io (i) SrCl, solution is added to sodium carbonate solution COs*+S1Ch SOK + SrCOs (white pot) (i) Lead acetate solution is added to sulphate ions solution S04? +(CH3COO)Pb + 2CH3COO-+ —PbSO, (White ppt.) 4. Write one confirmatory test each for COs? and S04? @ en Observation 0.5+MgSOz solution 05. +SrCh solution — PRACTICAL BOOK ew GROUP-1I Radicals (e6eWAL EE eee Chloride (ce) bes AW Co) eT TS TT Wet Tests OS. + BaCh solution No ppt. Formed Group 1 (COs, $04) is absent Group (CO, Br 1, NOY) may be present O.S, + AgNOs solution, White ppt. soluble in NHyOH, Ce is indicated. tony teat { Salt + conc. HaSO4 Colourless gas evolves with CE is indicated Pungent smell (HCI gas). It gives dense white fumes with glass fod dipped in NH.OH, Saltis)*K2Cr2Q> («)+*Conc, H2SOx Reddish brown fumes of oy chromyl chloride (CrOsCl) evolved, gave yellow ppt when " pass through NaOH & then through Pb(CHsCOO), solution, Saltis) + MnOauy+ conc. H2SOs. | Greenish yellow gas with CE is confirmed. Ce is confirmed. pungent smell evolved, 1EMICAL EQUATIONS: 2. AgNOs+ NaCl > NaNOs + AgCé (White ppt.) Agcl + 2NHsOH > [Ag (NHa)2]C€ + 2H0 3. 2NaCl + HSO, > Na2SOs + + 2HCE (colourless gas with pungent smell) HCL + © NHAOH > 0 + 2NHsCE (dense white fumes) 4. 4NaCl + KzCra0) + 3H:50s > KaSOq + 2Naz SO4 + 3H20 + 2CrOsClz (reddish brown furnes) COC + 4NaQH > —2NaCE + 24,0 + NaxCrOs NaxCrOe+ (CHsCOO):Pb - -» 2CHsCOONa + PbCrOs — (Yellow ppt.) 5. 2NaCl+MnO2+ 3HiSOy >» —_2NaHSO4 + MnSOat2H0+ Ch forcen: EXPERIMENTS | Wet Tests | " | Group (COW, 5 i lo ppt. Formed | 19004), 1 | 05.4 BaCh solution. fee | Group i (cet, gin Vo | | | maybe presen |" | pale yellow ppt partially soluble | Br is indicated §2 |.05.+.AgNOs solution. | | | | In NHAOH. | Dry Test : fa | Salt + cone, H250« | Reddish brown gas evolved and | Br is indicated, | | the content of tube becomes 1a | Layer Test | | (0.5.4 CCl + drops of KMnOs + | CCl layer turned orange. Br" is confirmed, | dil, Ho504 + shake 5 | Salts) + Mn0i(s}+ conc. Hi50s. Reddish brown vapours of Br2 | Br’ is confirmed | formed . { CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: 2, NaBr + AgNO; -» NaNOs + AgBr (Pate yellow ppt.) 3. 2NaBr + H2504 > NazSO. + «2HBr 2HBr + HSOs ~» 2H0 + SQ, + Bra (Reddish brown vapours) 4. 1OKBr + 2KMi NH; » rolour ia Api InOa + BH2SO, 6K2504 + 2MnSO4 + BH20 + SBr2 (Orange colour in (CH! j 2NaBr + MnOp + 2H, ~ us 2 + 2H2S04 » — NaxSOu+ MnSOs + 2H,0 + Br (Reddish brown vopo)) Iodide (1") OBSERVATIONS Td 4 es) "| Wet Tests | 0S, + BaCh solution. No ppt. Formed Group | (COs**, SO4**) is absent | | Group it (Ce, B's, I, NOs) | may be present | 0S. + AgNOs solution, | Deep yellow ppt. slightly Dis indicated, | | soluble in NH«OH. “| Dry Test | |_| Salt + cone, HiSOs Violet vapours of ly evolved, Tis indicated. | turned starch paper blue. { O'S. + Pb(CHsCOO), solution. Yellow ppt. formed. Tris confirmed. er Test OS.#CCl,+1-2 drops KMnO, solution + dil. H2SOx + shake CCl, layer turned violet. T*is confirmed. | OS. + HeCl2 solution. ‘Scarlet red ppt. formed, Tis confirmed. soluble in excess of KI. HEMICAL EQUATIONS: . 2. Nal + AgNOs > NaNO; + Agl (Deep yellow ppt.) 3. 2Nal + H2SO4 ~> Na2SOg + 2HI 2HE + HaSO« > —2H20 + SO, + Tk (violet vapours) 4, 2Nal +(CHsCOOpPb -> —2CHsCOONa + PbiIa (Yellow ppt.) JOKE +2KMnO«+8H:SO4 —> —6K2SO4 + 2MnSOx'+ 8H20+5Iz (Violet colour in Ch) 6 2NaE + HeCh > 2NaCl_ + “Hela (Scarlet red ppt.) - nitrate (" OBSERVATIONS Group ' (Ov, S08 1. Formed Group WCE, Bet 1 TOS. + Bath solution tio po may be present NOs* is indicates, 2 | 0.5. +. AgNOy solution, No ppt. Formed | Dry Test tart, jt 3 Salt + conc. Hy504 reddish brown gas evolved — CE, Be”, IF are absene with pungent smell, Turned = NNOs** is indicated, ! £6504 solution black. | [Santer Tents (Wel Tests) & a Ring Test Adark brown ting formed at NOs" is confirmed, | 0.5. + fresh solution of Fe5O«+ ' | Conc, H2504 along the sides of the junction of two solutions. i | the test tube. } + | 5 | 0,5. + Dilphenylamine solution. Deep blue colour was NOs*is confirmed. produced. 16 “| 0$.4NaOH + Zn dust +heat. —” NHs gas evolved, gave white furnes with HCI. NOs" is confirmed. CHEMICAL EQUATIONS: 3, 2NaNO,; + H2504 - NagSOs + H2O + 2NOQz (Reddish brown gas) 4, FeSOs +3NOz+H:0 + — 2HNOs + FeSOs.NO (erown ring) 6. NaNOs+3NaOH+3Z2n -» —2NazZnO2 + NHs Nt + HCl > NHKCI (dense white fumes) AEST PAC ICA 800K) aw CRRA ED Post Lab Questioner How NO2 gas can be identified? itis brown in colour with pungent odour and it turns FeSO« paper black = ts \ 8 How HCI gas be tested chemically? vg Itgives white dense fumes of NH«Cl with NHAOH 3, How presence of iodine in a salt is indicated? ns _ It gives violet vapours when conc, H2S0x is added to a salt. These vapours turns starch paper blue 4, What are the colours of following precipitates? AgCt, Agr, Agl 1s Agcl: White Ager: Pale Yellow Agl: Deep Yellow 5, What is Ring Test? What is Its significance? ns This testis used for the confirmation of nitrate (NOs) radical. Salt solution + FeSOs solution + conc. H2SOs along the sides of test tube A brown ring is formed at the junction of two solutions FeSQx+NO > — FeSO«.NO (8rown ring) 6, How Brand NOs" can be distinguished from each other? ns Salt is treated with conc. H2SOx {i)_ reddish brown gas is evolved and content of test tube is red then the radical is Br? (i) Hfreddish brown gas is evolved and intensity of gas is increased by adding paper pallet then the radical is Nos 7. What is chromyl chloride test? ns This test is used for the detection of chlorides (Cé-) radical In this, solid salt, solid potassium dichromate concentrated sulphuric acid are heated together. Reddish brown fumes of chromyl chloride (CrO2Céz)are evolved. KyCr2O7 +6H2SO4+ 4NaCE — —+ 2KHSOg+4NaHSOy + 2CrO2Cée + 3H20 Bromides and iodides both form yellow ppt. with AgNO; solution? How will you made distinction between them? nS Bromides and iodides react with AgNOs to give yellow precipitates of AgBr and Agl respectively Br + AgNO; —> AgBr + NOs* P= + AgNO; — Agl + NO The yellow precipitates of AgBr and Agl are dissolved in NH«OH, () If yellow ppt. are partially soluble then Bris present. ii) If yellow ppt. are insoluble then I?-is present. Write name and formula of water soluble complex formed when AgC! dissolved in NH,OH. MS {Ag(NH3)|C! diammine silver (I) chloride. oe crane rRACTIOAL OO" one PRA) TEST PTV Ceip en alate 1. How Brand NOv can he distinguished fron EDAS patie? ny 6 2. Write two confirmatory tosts of NOs" 3. Write two confirmatory tests of br ORAL ED 2. What is chromyl chloride test? {02} 3 {02 {i) Write one radical which does not give ppt. with AgNOs solution? (ii) Write one radical which gives white ppt. with AgNOs solution? 4. Write one confirmatory test each for Cl and I~ [02] ere ces Breau (iy) Roos em GRUSSATTETINT PRACTICAL HOON a : _— = «PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMEN : x s red then the radical is Br od by adding paper pallet then the rag 1. Saltis tre. © reddish HF re Inference sen , Co eeved at NOs" is confirmed, ern O18. + fresh solution of FeSOs + onc, HzSOs atong the sides of the juncti the test tube. (Ring Test) fA dark brown ring formed con of two solutions produced. _ NOs*is confirmed, \)) OS. + Dilphenylamine solution. _ Deep blue colour was 3. Write two confirmatory tests of Br? ee Br* is confirmed, Observation Enna )) OS. + CCl +drops of KMnO: + — CCls layer turned ornage dil. HzSOx + shake (Layer Test) — ii) Salt(s) + MinOx(s)+ conc. HiSOx. | Reddish brown vapours of Brz formed. a L -- Br* is confirmed. 1. This test is used for the confirmation of nitrate (NOx) radical. Salt solution + FeSOs solution + conc. H2S0s along the sides of test tube | A brown ring is formed at the junction of two solutions | FeSOs+NO -+ — FeSOs.NO (Brown ring) 2. This test is used for the detection of chlorides (Cf) radical In this, solid salt, solid potassium dichromate concentrated sulphuric acid are heated together. Reddish brow fumes of chromyl chloride (CrO2Céz)are evolved. K2Cr207 +6H2SO4+ 4NaCL = —+ 2KHSOs+4NaHSOs + 2CrO2Chr + 3H20 3. (i) Nitrate (NOs*) radical does not give ppt. with AgNOs solution: NOs + AgNOs—+ No ppt. (i) Chiroide (Cé-) radical gives white ppt. with AgNOs solution: — Cé + AgNOs—» NOs*+ AgCE (White ppt) 1. Write one confirmatory test each for Cl” and I~ No. anna Observation ee i) | Chromyl chloride test Reddish brown fumes of CrOzCh, CL is confirmed. Saltjes#KzCr2O> js#Conc. H2SOs evolved, gave yellow ppt when | + heat. pass through NaOH & then | through Pb(CHsCOO)2 solution ii) 'OS.+CCl+4-2 drops KMnO. | CCl layer turned violet. | TFigconfirmed. i solution + dil. H2SOx + | shake.(Layer Test). me PRACTICAL HOOK) 7 FeocLEe CHEMS TIO ate PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) SECTION - A TESTS WITH SOLUTIONS According to Model Paper 60% of Practical Marks 09 Marks ‘COMMUTE PRACTICAL BOOK) PRACTICAL BASED A‘ Purpose of experiment is to analyze anion ( 1. When Bach solution is added in salt solution, white precipitates are oo evolves. Identify the radical as SO, oF CO; > toy) formed. This és the indication of sy)” I CO} When dil HC1is added to the precipitates no 635 lil. The given salt X is blue in colour. When the salt X is subjected to flame test, it gives blue flame. Which basi radical ‘2’ is indicated? {01} Ge iv. Give two confirmatory tests of the radical indicated in, ili, fo2} Wi GEITEPR K) cw Ee x write the name and formula of the obtained salt x. (on) vi. How flame test is performed? [02] ‘(SCG PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-4 i Itis SO Biome Cire ti) 0.5. + lead acetate solution White ppt. formed, soluble in ‘SO4**is confirmed. ammonium acetate [| 0S. + SrCh solution White ppt insoluble in conc. HCI_| SO«*is confirmed Ti ttis Cu iv. Erman Cree cen’ i) ]0S.+NaOH Solution Blue ppt formed. ———=_| Cu*is confirmed | ii) | O.S. + Kg [Fe(CN).) solution Chocolate brown colour ppt. | Cu’* is confirmed. formed | | \. The given salt is copper sulphate. Its formula is CuSO4 vi. Take a clean platinum wire and make a small loop at its end. Dip it in conc. HCI. Heat it in oxidizing flame tillno colour appear in the flame. ‘Mix small amount of salt with little conc. HCI to form a paste. Take the paste onto the platinum wire, Heat the paste in oxidizing flame. Note the colour of the flame with naked eye and through blue glass (iis iee as ( i cation (basic radical) from the given sate PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT TES1-2 Q: The purpose of experiment is to analyze anion (radical) cipitates are formed. This is the indication Ives wiith effervescence. idena. |. When BaCh solution is added in salt solution, white pre colourless gas VO! CO. When dil. HCl is added to the precipitates 2 radical? toy fox) |i, Which gas is evolved in ‘i ‘ and how can you verify this? Iii, Write two confirmatory tests of the radical indicated in “i” Experiment Observation Inference ' ol iv. The given salt X is white. When the salt X is subjected to flame test, no characteristi vr b \cteristic flame appears. Whe" the salt is heated with NaOH solution, a pungent gas evolve which gives d it it J fens hich basic radical 'Z’ is indicated in this result? . a eine Nanas sah 4 v. Which gas is evolved in ‘iv ‘? PRACTICAL BOOK am tests OED jcwve two confirmatory ests Of the radical indicated in, . ee 02) Experiment Observation g - eras Inference i | | | vil Write the name and formula of the obtained salt x. (01) itis COs The gas is COz. When this gas is passed through lime water, it turns milky. noo | COs? is confirmed | ‘[cos* is confirmed en | White ppt. in cold state. White ppt. in cold state. | 0.S+MgSOs solution | 0.S+CaClz solution Itis NHa* The gas evolved is NH oo [ NHa!* is indicated, arene Cee 5S +nessler s reagent (KaHgle)_| NHs gasis evolved. ') | 0.S+acetic acid and sodium | Yellow ppt. formed. Lcobattnitite solution. | \ The satis ammonium carbonate. Its formula is (NHebxCOs NHs}* is confirmed. Last \Shb eal) deel aca) ® Q:: The purpose of experiment is to al a Opies ‘are formed, §, When BaCl: solution is added in salt solution, no w! ti 2 te on adding ammonium hydrox ” added, white precipitates are formed which become soluble Wdroxide, Wena radical? to Feectate souton il, Write the formula of the precipitates formed in ‘i’ toy li, Write two confirmatory tests of the radical indicated in ‘i' {02 Gens Crna ecu fost indicated in this result? (itor _ pee 3 a e ), Write the name and formula of the obtained salt X (01) Name another radical whose salts are also green? [o1) SeMTECT) PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-3 . Itis CP" radical i, Agcl lade ean f) | Saltyy+K2Cr2O7 1 #Conc. H:SOs + heat (Chromyl chloride test) Cee ee) Reddish brown fumes of CrO2Ch evolved, gave yellow ppt when pass through NaOH & then through Pb(CHsCOO), solution, | mec CE" is confirmed. li) | Saltys) + MnOzis-# conc. H2SOa. Greenish yellow gas with pungent smell | CE" is confirmed. evolved. i v. Itis Cr? yada Re O.S. + NaOH solution F os +NasPOs solution ea eed Dirty green ppt. formed, soluble in excess of NaOH. | Pale green ppt. of CrPOs Inference Cr? is confirmed. Cris confirmed I The given sat is chromium chloride. It formula is CrCl " salts are also green. These are generally light green. (SEPVTRRTETA 2+ EAL OOOH cn Baie ICAL BASED ASSESSMENT TEST-4 “ aa s Purves of experiment is to anabyre anion [radical nd cation (taste radical] frarn Whe given ; Wher Pally entation Cy wean aditedt cab cohution ne man shin precipstates are formed. To the sett vahition Aylin sSded NO preCiphatet are tenon prepares nee. When cone. 15 5 the salt, a vedetich Grown gas evOoWvER Kern aj TT fame test, no characteristic colour appeals precipitates of nite in colour. When this salt subjected to {ou} iy, The given salt X is The sait when treated watt) NZOH and lead chromate solutions then white and yellow formed respectively, Which basic radia! 7 is indicated in these results? Cane egies Inference Ji, write the name and formula of the obtained salt X (ox) _ Foner PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-4 : i, Itis NOs ji, The reddish brown gas is NO2. iil, Cr (0.5. + fresh solution of FeSO,+ A dark brown ring formed | conc. H2SOs along the sides of __ the junction of two solutions. the test tube. (Ring Test) NOs a 0.4 Dilphenylamine solution. Deep blue colour was produced. NOs" is conf | Et | H PCrOs Tas Rec ') 0.S+K2CrO, solution. _ Yellow ppt. of PbCrO. formed. __ Pb** is ins ii) O.S¢ HS Black ppt. formed. Poi is co The given salt is lead nitrate. Its formula is Pb(NOs)2 SONATA RAC TC AL HOON am STS (STF) ac) r OTTW TT SAT he Meat anion (aca nt ctlon (DASE adel ogee ’ ‘wot are ou pep ution, no ite precipitates are formed. To the sat get ached. yelion swecaputotes are formed This 4 the eetieation of BF” OFT. HOW Wall yoy, inde” aecgntates are formed in PERCHERON are oF I and not of AS at thy & Wete two confiematory tests of IY {ey . t eer SS ed WW, The given salt X is white, When the salt X is subjected to flame test, no characteristic flame appears. We {the salt ts heated with NaOH solution, ammonia as evolves, Which basic radical ‘2’ is indicated in this resi (a) tv, How ammonia gas can be identified? (ol — ein nt le PRACTICAL. BOOK) cw COAL {give two confirmatory tests of the radical indicated i, ik (02) Experiment RECA eat ference i i | | ‘ | 1 | 1 | | | | | sie _ vi, Write the name and formula of the obtained salt x. {o1) vil, What is the colour of iodine vapours? {01} PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-5 i, Br forms light yellow ppt. of AgBr while I" forms deep yellow ppt. of Agl. Now NH.OH is added to the precipitates. If yellow ppt. are partially soluble then Br'~is present. If yellow ppt. are insoluble then I"is present. eae Ci .S. + Pb(CHsCOO): solution. Yellow ppt. formed. 0.S.4CCh +1-2 drops KMinOs solution | Cle layer turned violet, |. HaSO« + shake.(Layer Test). eas I’ is confirmed. “| Tis confirmed. itis NHg* en a glass rod dipped in HCl is brought into ammonia gas near the mouth of test tube, dense white fumes Of NH«Cl are formed. This indicates ammonia gas. Core 5 NHs gas is evolved. NH¢! is indicated. Yellow ppt. formed, NH4}* is confirmed, 5 Ener N) 10S nessler s reagent (KzHels) O'S + acetic acid and sodium Cobaltnitrte solution. Ben salt is ammonium iodide. Its formula is NH«l Wolet vapours (EMOTE "RAC HICAL BOOK?

jouration is formed re vil, “ 1 KSCH is added to Fe jons solution then blood red cok (GOMESATEMISINY PRACTICAL BOOK) PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT TE Q: The purpose of experiment is analyze anion (radical) and cation (basic ra 1. How nitrate radical can be identified? 1) from the given salt X. {ou li, Write two confirmatory tests of NOs* ? Experiment eacueu een lil, When salt ‘x’ is subjected to flame test then gf these results? 'Z is indicated in een flame is obtained. Which basic radical = 01) of the radical indici vv. Give two confirmatory tests Experiment ated in, Gea ssreggoEISIAPRA 7K) ’ (CEERALED _ wt the name and formula ofthe obtained sale x, y (01) a ite procedure of flame test. wii Write Pt ai oo Semen PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-9 Then conc. H,SOs is added to the nitrate salt, reddish brown gas evolves. When this gas is passed through F250 solution, it turns black, This gas is NOz and thus radical is nitrate. Observation (ecu ‘A dark brown ring formed at NOs* is confirmed. the junction of two solutions. eats (05S, + fresh solution of FeSOs + conc. HzSOs along the sides of the test tube. (Ring Test) ‘ij_[05.+ Dilphenylamine solution. | Deep blue colo i) The radical is Ba®* (ons . | Ba® is confirmed. Ba*isconfirmed. (reco Lays OS + dil. H2SOs ~___[ White ppt insoluble in mineral OS +Kk:CrO1 solution. Yellow ppt. insoluble in CHsCOOH. The given salt is barium nitrate. Its formula is Ba(NOa)e MTake a clean platinum wire and make a small loop atits end. Dip tin conc. HCI. Heat it in oxidizing flame til ieee appear in the flame. Small amount of salt with little conc. HCI to for Paste in oxidizing flame. Note the colour of the the paste onto the platinum wire. Heat ma paste. Take i .d eye and through blue glass flame with naket CRUEEENSTNTPRACT ee Cin LT) PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT TES it iy and cation (basic radical from the given salt x, Q: The purpose of experiment is to analyze anion (rad i. How Br* radical can be indicated? {oi ii, Write two confirmatory tests of Br {02} Gime Omani eeu ili, The given salt X is white in colour. When this salt is subjected to flame test, no characteristic colour appears During filter ash test, green ash is produced. Which basic radical ‘2’ is indicated in these results? [01] iv, How filter ash test is performed? fo} [WOOK em FEOERALED atory tests of the x ve two confirmatory radical indicated in, i t02 See aS ies | | | | | _ | gs | i | | anor j saat the name and formula of the obtained salt X is PRACTICAL BASED ASSESSMENT (PBA) TEST-10 i, When BaClz in is added in salt solution, no white precipitates are formed. To the salt solution AgNO3. is added, pale yellow precipitates are formed. On adding NH«OH to these precipitates, If these are partially soluble then Br!“ is present. If yellow ppt. are insoluble then I'~is present. i, rv Ere’ eerie oo O.S.+CCly+ drops of KMnOz+ | CCl layer turned ornage. Br* is confirmed. dil. H:S0« + shake (Layer Test) i [Saltf) + MnO(s}+ conc. HiSOs._| Reddish brown vapours of Bra formed_| r* is confirmed. | | tis Zn? _ Wv. Take small amount of salt in a test tube. Add small amount of cobalt nitrate solution. Dip a piece of filter paper into the solution. Dry the filter paper. Burn the filter paper and note the colour of the ash. ion Menus Gras ren ©. + NaOH solution White ppt. formed soluble in Zn** is confirmed. \ excess of NaOH O.S. + KufFe(CN)<} solution. White ppt. formed Zn** is confirmed. i KS The iven satis zinc bromide. Its formula is ZnBra PRACTICAL BOOK (EEOERAL Ry IDENTIFICATION OF ALDEHYDES & KETONES Ty Identification of Aldehyde eta Craw INFERENCES 1 | Litmus Test. Aq. solution + blue litmus solution | No change Acidic compound absent. 2 | NaHCOs Test. Organic compound +5% NaHCO3_| Insoluble Carboxylic acid is absent solution. 3. | NaOH Test. Organic compound +5% NaOH. | No reaction occurred. Phenols are absent solution. 4 | 2,4-Dinitrophenyl hydrazine test Organic compound + 2,4-DNPH _| Yellow ppt. formed Aldehyde or ketone is present. 5. | Silver mirror test AgNO:solution + 2-3 drops NH«OH + Organic compound + warm on a water bath. Silver mirror formed on the Aldehyde is confirmed. walls of the test tube. 6 | Fehling’s solution test. Organic compound + Fehling’s Brick red ppt. of Cuz0 formed. Aldehyde is confirmed. solution + heat 7 | Benedict test Organic compound+Benedict | Brickred ppt. of CuO formed | Aldehyde is confirmed. solution+Heat, FEDERAL) INFERENCES Primus Test: fq. solution +-blue litmus solution | No change acid d \cidic compound absent. | aticOs Test Organic compound + 5% NaHCO Insoluble n Carboxylic acid or | ition. | solu! nitrophenols are absent | | NaOH Test- | organic compound + 5% NaOH. No reaction occurred. Phenols are absent. | solution. : | henyl hydrazine test d+2,4-DNPH __| Yellow ppt: formed Aldehyde or ketone is present. 2,4-Dinitropt | organic compoun' | 4 | silver mirror test Aldehyde is absent. 5 pgnOssolution +2-3 drops NH:OH | No silver mirror formed ‘organic compound + warm ona water bath. | 6 | Fehting’s solution test. i No brick red ppt. Aldehyde is absent. Organic compound + Fehling’s solution + heat 7 | Sodium nitroprusside solution Ketone is confirmed. Organic compound + sodium nitroprusside solution Red colour appears mete (GONETRATRUNT PRACTICAL 00K) op FEDER Qa Ans Q.2 Ans a3 Ans Qa Ans Qs Ans a6 Ans Post Lab Questioner 3 What is an organic compound? Compounds of C and H and their derivatives are called organic compounds. Define functional group. ‘An atom or a group of atoms which imparts special characteristics to the compound. Which testis called a silver mirror test? vom Tollen's test is called silver mirror test because in it metallic silver is deposited in the test tube. Give a test which indicate the presence of group in a carbonyl compound? Aldehydes and ketones react with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine to form 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone in thy Presence of an acid, The 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazones are usually yellow or orange crystalline solids cu > BR an Om ze ara C)-10, + HO NO, i“ No, 24-Dnitoohannysrazne _Aceatehyde (2¢-divophenyhydrazone wea oNe me Catadehyde 2 DNPH cH, m | * One, aw oS +H,0 no, ch, é. 2Diioprenyhycane Acton 24itophenMhyazone (0r 2,4-DNPH ‘or acetone 2.4-DNPH we What is Fehling’s solution test? Aldehyde is oxidized to salt of carboxylic acid and Cu* is reduced to Cut. So, formed. Ketones do not give this test. ° Brick red ppt. of Cus0 are R—C—H+ 2Cu(0H),+ NaoH — RoooNa+ Cu,0 + 34,0 ‘Aldehyde Brick red ppt What is Tollen’s test (Silver mirror test)? Tollens reagent is ammoniacal silver nitrate with the chemical formula is warmed with Tollen’s reagent a silver mirror is formed on the inside known as silver mirror test. This test is given by aldehyde. Ketones do [Ag(NHs):INOs. When aldehyde Of the test tube. This test is also Not give this test AgNO; + 3NH,OH ——» [Ag(NH3)JOH 4 NH.NO; + H,0 ° senalleass + 2{Ag(NHy)2]OH —— RGOONH, + 24g + 3NH, + 1,0 ‘Aldehyde Silver mirror in —e HOOK? c= nitroprusside test? (HOOURAL ED tis Sodium etone responds: to this test, Ketone reacts with alkali and forms an anion which further reacts with er reacts wit! ym nitroprusside and forms a coloured comple sedi cacis + OH") CHICOCHY + HO tex ion, Aldehydes do not respond to this test {FetCNsNOI” + CHsCOCH” > [Fe(CN)sNO.CHsCOCH:)" any one test to distinguish aldehyde from ketone, Ne Ore test used to distinguish between an aldehyde and a ketone, also mirror test. It takes advantage of the fact that aldehydes are oxidized readily, while name qollen’s test is 3 known 35 9 silvers ketones are Not: is Tollen’s reagent? what i it is ammoni Tollens reagen' iacal silver nitrate with the chemical formula [Ag(NHs):]NOs. hling’s solution? The solution of Feiing is prepare Fehling’s 8. Fehling’s A is aqueous s tassium sodium tartrat solution of Pot made from sodium hydroxide. d by combining two separate solutions, known as Fehling’s A and olution of deep blue copper(t) sulphate. Febling’s Bis a colourless te (also known as Rochelle salt) made from strong alkali, commonly what is Fel What is Rochelle’s salt? Sodium potassium tartrate is called Rochelle's salt. rent Wd vate between aldehyde and ketone fun val ci experiment is to differentiate 's. Identify the functional group in compeun Q: The purpose o! ; ction i ts i ing two tes! 1. Agiven organic compound X gives following . f Silver Mirror Tost Fehling Solution Test warm heat Organic Compound —_—_Siver mingy at’, ide Na +Tollens reagent formed il, Write the chemistry of Fehling solution test. @ Ul, Which reagent is used in silver mirror test? iu “ 3NH,OH Bee S etc Chae en Ag ('NHs )2 ]0H eee se mrreebinate hed Sal ae sett R Cs a ceca nace Mind PRACTICAL BOO! ais eau IK p ay (FEDERAL EY) what is the difference between Fehling solution and Benedict ict solution? {01} , Agiven organic compound Y gives orange ppt. wi te 4 : pt. with 2,4- ‘ ritroprusside. Identify the organic compound ¥? listrophen any diatine ated colo wih {01} {o2) vi, Write formula of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrozine (01) - vil, Write general formulas of aldehydes and ketone? SSAA HAC TCAL HOOK)

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