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com

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nra;As;
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kh.uNk\; > vk;. V.> gp. vl;.> vk;/gpy;.>
nel;> nrl;> nll;.>
KJfiy Mrphpah; (jkpo;)
muR Nky;epiyg; gs;sp>
nrd;dk;gl;b – 638 504
me;jpa+h; (tl;lk;)
<NuhL (khtl;lk;)

nry; - 97 50 37 98 82 Mail ID – [email protected]

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 1 vd;Dapu; vd;Ngd;

Afj;jpd; ghly;fs;

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1) Afj;jpd; ghlyfs; vDk; ftpijapd; Mrphpah; - R. tpy;tuj;jpdk;
2) kdpj ,dj;jpd; Mjp milahsk; - nkhop
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3) gz;ghl;L ghpzhk tsh;r;rpia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L cUthdit – nkhop
4) Xh; ,dj;jpd; ikag;Gs;spahf tpsq;FtJ – nkhop
5) ehd; ,Ug;gpd; milahsk; - nkhop
6) rq;ffhyk; njhlq;fp ,f;fhyk; tiu ,lu; gyfise;J cah;jdpr; nrk;nkhopaha;r;
nropj;Njhq;fp ,Ug;gJ – jkpo; nkhop
7) ftpQh; R. tpy;tuj;jpdk; gpwe;j Ch; - aho;g;ghzj;jpy; cs;s
Gq;FLj;jPtpy;gpwe;jth;
8) R. tpy;tuj;jpdj;jpd; ftpijfs; vj;jiyg;gpy; 2001-,y; njhFf;fg;gl;lJ –
‘capu;j;njOk; fhyj;Jf;fhf”
9) ftpij ,aw;WtJ kl;Lky;yhky; ghLk; jpwDk; nfhz;lth; ahh; -
R.tpy;tuj;jpdk;
10) jd ,dj;ijAk; nkhopiaAk; ghlhj ftpij> Nthpy;yhj kuk;;> $by;yhj gwit
vd;W $wpath; - ,u#y;fk;rNjht;
11) R.tp. vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; - R. tpy;tuj;jpdk;
12) R. tpy;tuj;jpdk; gpwe;j Mz;L – 1950
13) ,yq;ifj; jkpo; vOj;jhsh; - R. tpy;tuj;jpdk;
14) <oj;jpd; ,yf;fpar; rpe;jidahsh; - K. jisa rpq;fk;
; g;gl;Lth; - R. tpy;tuj;jpdk;
15) K. jisa rpq;fk; fUj;Jf;fshy; <h;ff
16) jkpo;r; rq;fk; ,Ue;J mope;j ,lk; - fghlGuk;
17) jkpo;j; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;jpy; cWjpahd gw;Wf; nfhz;l ftpQh; -
R.tpy;tuj;jpdk;
18) jkpo;j; Njrpa tpLjiyf;Fj; jdJ ftpijfspy; Kjd;ik ,lk; nfhLj;jth; -
R.tpy;tuj;jpdk;
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

19) jkpoPo tpLjiyg; Gypfshy; ‘ehl;Lg;gw;whsh;” tpUJ thq;fpath; -

R.tpy;tuj;jpdk;
20) R. tpy;tuj;jpdk; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;:

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mfq;fSk; Kfq;fSk;>ntspf;fpuhkk;> fhyj;J}h;> new;wpkz;>capu;j;njOk;
fhyj;Jf;fhf> thrpfk;
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21) R. tpy;tuj;jpdk; ,aw;if va;jpa ,lk; - nfhOk;G
22) R. tpy;tuj;jpdk; ,aw;if va;jpa ehs; - 09.12.2006

ed;D}y; - ghapuk;

23) ed;D}y; Mrphpah; - gtze;jp Kdpth;

24) E}iyg; gphpj;J nfhs;sTk;> mjd; rpwg;ig czh;e;J tpUg;gj;Jld; fw;fTk;
cjTtJ – ghapuk;
25) jkpopd; Kjy; ,yf;fz E}y; - njhy;fhg;gpak;
26) njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpd; mikg;ig ve;j E}ypy; fhzyhk; - ed;D}y;
27) njhy;fhg;gpaj;ijAk; mjd; ciufisAk; gpd;gw;wp vOjg;gl;l E}y; - ed;D}y;
28) ed;D}y; ghapuk; vj;jid tifg;gLk; - 2 tif
29) ed;D}y; ghapuk; - 1. nghJg;ghapuk; 2. rpwg;Gg; ghapuk;
30) ed;D}ypy; cdf;Fg; ghlkhf mike;Js;s E}w;ghf;fs; - VO
31) ghapuk; ,y;yJ gDty; md;Nw!
32) E}iy cUthf;Fk; Mrphpahpd; rpwg;G> me;E}y; toq;Fk; fUj;J tsj;ijAk;
njhFj;J E}y; Kfg;gpy; itf;Fk; Kiw gw;wpg; NgRtJ – ghapukhFk;
33) ghapuj;jpw;Fhpa ngah;fs; - VO
1.KfTiu 2.Gjpfk;
3.mzpe;JiuGide;Jiu 4.E}y;Kfk;
5.GwTiu 6.je;Jiu
34) E}Yf;F Kd; nrhy;yg;gLtJ – KfTiu
35) gytifg; nghUs;fisj; njhFj;Jr; nrhy;tJ – gjpfk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

36) E}ypd; ngUik Kjypait tpsq;f myq;fhpj;Jr; nrhy;tJ – mzpe;Jiu.

Gide;Jiu
37) E}Yf;F Kfk; Nghy; Kw;gl;bUg;gJ – E}d;Kfk;

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38) E}ypy; nrhy;ypa nghUs;; my;yhjtw;iw E}ypd; Gwj;jpNy je;J nrhy;tJ -
GwTiu
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39) E}ypy; nrhy;ypa nghUs; my;yhjtw;iwj; je;J nrhy;tJ – je;Jiu
40) E}ypd; ,ay;G> Mrphpah; ,ay;G> fw;gpj;jy; Kiw> khzth; ,ay;G> fw;Fk; Kiw
vd;Dk; Ie;ijAk; $WtJ – nghJg;ghapuk;
41) E}yhrphpah; ngah;> E}y; gpd;gw;wpa top> E}y; toq;fg;gLfpd;w epyg;gug;G> E}ypd;
ngah; $WtJ – rpwg;Gg; ghapuk;
42) ed;D}y; Kjy; gjpg;G – 1834
43) njhif> tif> tphp vd;gtw;Ws; ,d;djpy; ,aw;wg;gl;lJ vd;W nrhy;tJ –
ahg;GE}ypy; Fwpg;gpLk; fUj;J> E}iyf; Nfl;Nghh;> E}iyf; fw;gjdhy; ngWfpd;w
gad; Mfpa vl;Lr; nra;jpfis nrk;ikahfj; njhptpg;gJ – rpwg;Gg;
ghapuk;(E}w;gh tif rhh;e;jJ)
44) E}y; ,aw;wg;gl;l fhyk;> mJ muq;Nfw;wg;gl;l mitf;fsk;> mJ
,aw;wg;gl;ljw;fhd fhuzk; vDk; ,k;%d;iwAk; Nrh;j;J nry;tJ - rpwg;Gg;
ghapuk;(E}w;gh tif rhh;e;jJ)
45) Mapuk; Kfj;ijg; ngw;wJ Nghd;W gy;NtW Jiwr; nra;jpfis tphpthff;
$wpdhYk; ghapuk; ,y;iyNay; mJ rpwe;j E}yhf kjpf;fg;glhJ
46) kfspUf;F moF jUtJ – mzpfyd;fs;
47) vy;yh tif E}y;fSf;Fk; moF jUtJ – mzpe;Jiu
48) njhy;fhg;gpaj;ij Kjy; E}yhf nfhz;l topE}y; - ed;D}y;
49) ed;D}y; fhyk; - fp.gp. 13-Mk; E}w;whz;L
50) ed;D}y; mjpfhuq;fs; - 2
1. vOj;jjpfhuk;
2. nrhy;yjpfhuk;
51) vOj;jjpfhuk; vj;jidg; gFjpfs; - 5 gFjpfs;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

1. vOj;jpay;
2. gjtpay;
3. caphPwW
; g;Gzhpay;

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4. nka;aPw;Wg;Gzhpay;
5. chpapay;
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52) nrhy;yjpfhuk; vj;jidg; gFjpfs; - 5 gFjpfs;
1. ngahpay;
2. tpidapay;
3. nghJtpay;
4. ,ilapay;
5. chpapay;
53) gtze;jp Kdpth; ahh; Nfl;Lf; nfhz;ljhy; ed;D}y; ,aw;wpdhh; -
rPafq;fd;(rpw;wurh;)
54) gtze;jpahhpd; cUtr; rpw;gk; ve;jf; Nfhapypy; cs;sJ - <NuhL
khtl;lk;>Nkl;Lg;GJ}h; vd;w Chpy; jPh;jjq;fuwhd re;jpug;gpughtpd; Nfhapypy;
cs;sJ
55) vy;yh tif E}y;fSf;Fk; moF jUtjhf itf;fg;gLtJ – mzpe;Jiu
56) E}iy cUthf;Fk; Mrphpah; rpwg;igAk;> me;E}y; toq;Fk; fUj;J tsj;ijAk;
njhFj;J E}y; Kfg;gpy; itf;Fk; Kiw gw;wp NgRtJ – ghapukhFk;
57) ghapuj;jpd;NtW (VO) ngah;fs;:-
1.KfTiu 2. GwTiu 3. gjpfk; 4. je;Jiu 5. E}d;Kfk;
6.Gide;Jiu 7. mzpe;Jiu
58) gtze;jp Kdpth; gpwe;j Ch; - rdif (rdehjGuk;) (rdfhGuk;)
59) gtze;jp Kdpthpd; je;ij – rd;kjp Kdpth;
60) gtze;jpahh; ve;j rkaj;ij rhh;e;jth; - rkzk;
61) gtze;jp Kdptiu Mjhpj;j murh; - rPafq;fd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 2 khkio Nghw;WJk;

Vjpypf; FUtpfs;

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62) caph;fspd; ,Ug;ig KbT nra;tJ - ,aw;ifr; #oy;
63) ,aw;iff;Fk; kdpjh;f;Fk; njhg;Gs; nfhb - kioj;Jsp
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64) Kjy;Jsp tpOifapy; caph;fs;kyh;fpd;wd.
65) Vjpypf; FUtpfs; ftpij czh;j;JtJ - #oypay; khw;wk;.
66) cyf rpl;Lf; FUtpfs; ehs; - khh;r; - 20
67) Vjpypf; FUtpfs; ftpijapd; Mrphpah; - mofpa nghpatd;
68) mofpa nghpatdpd; ,aw;ngah; - mutpe;jd;
69) ’jfg;gd; nfhb” vd;w E}ypd; MrphpaH-mofpa nghpatd;
70) jfg;gd; nfhb” Gjpdj;jpw;fhf 2003-Mk; Mz;L jkpof murpd; tpUJ ngw;wtH-
mofpa nghpatd;.
71) muR gs;spapy; Mrphpauhfg; gzpGhpgtH-mofpa nghpatd;.
72) mofpa nghpatd; vOjpa rpWfij njhFg;Gfs;-FwL> nehpf;fl;L.
73) mofpa nghpatd; vOjpa ftpijj; njhFg;Gfs;-cdf;Fk; vdf;Fkhd nrhy;>
m&g eQ;R.
74) mofpa nghpatd; vOjpa fl;Liuj; njhFg;Gfs;-kPs;Nfhzk;> ngUFk;
Ntl;if.
jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S
; piaf; $WtJ-gs;S.
75) coth;coj;jpah; tho;f;if epfo;rr

76) gs;S vd;gJ-rpw;wpyf;fpak;.

77) ney;Y tifia vz;zpdhYk; gs;S tifia vz;z KbahJ.

78) Ntshz;ik ,yf;fpaj;jpd; fUT+yk;-gs;S

79) rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspd; tif-96.

80) gs;S vt;thW miof;fg;gLk;-coj;jpg;ghl;L.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

81) gs;S vt;tif ,yf;fpa tifiar; rhHe;jJ-Gyd;.

82) jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S MrphpaH-nghpatd; ftpuhah;.

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83) jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S $Wk; ehLfs;-tlfiu ehL> njd;fiu ehL.

84) jpUkiyr; Nrtfd;-KUfd;.

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85) njd;dhLilatd;-rptngUkhd;.

86) jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S Fwpg;gpLk; njd;fiu ehL-Fw;whyk;.

; pUg;gth;-Fw;why ehjh;.
87) Fw;whyj;jpy; njd;dhLilatdhf tPww

88) Fw;why ehjh; vd;gth;- rptngUkhd;.

89) tlfiu ehL vd;gJ-jpUkiy.

90) njd;fiu ehL vd;gJ-Fw;whyk;.

91) tlfiu ehl;by; tzLfs; hPq;fhukpl;L ghLk; gz;-,e;jsk;.

92) kPidg; gpbj;J cz;gjw;fhf fhj;jpUf;Fk; gwit-cs;shd; gwit.

93) jhkiuj; jlhfj;jpy; Js;spg; gha;e;J tpisahLtJ-kPd;fs;.

94) nfhd;iw kyiu #batd;-rptngUkhd;.

95) gs;S njhy;fhg;gpak; Fwpg;gpLk; Gyd; vd;Dk; ,yf;fpa tifiar; rhh;e;jJ.

96) jpUkiy KUfd; $Wk; ney; tiffs;-igq;Foyhs;> rPjhNghfk;>

uq;fQ;rk;gh> kzy;thhp> mjpf;fpuhjp> mhpf;uhtp> Kj;Jnts;is> GOFrk;gh>

nrhhpFuk;ig> Gj;jd;thhp> rpiwkPllhd;> fUq;#iu> g+k;ghiy> Fw;whyd;>
ghw;fLf;fd;> fw;g+ug;ghis> fhilfOj;jd;> kpsFrk;gh> gidKfj;jd;.

97) jpUkiy KUfd; $Wk; khL tiffs;-fhhp> njhe;jpf;fhis> khy;fhis>

kiwfhis> kapiyf;fhis> Nkiof;fhis> nrk;kiwahd;> fUkiwahd;

98) jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S $Wk; coTf; fUtpfs; - fyg;ig > Efk; > G+l;L >

fapW >ts;isf;if > cof;Nfhy; > nfhO > fakuk; > kz;ntl;b > tlk;

99) fz;fhzp vd;w nrhy; Ngr;R tof;fpy; fq;fhzp vd;W gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

100) fz;fhzk; vd;gJ gaph;j; njhopypy; ifahsg;gLk; xU nrhy;.

101) ehs; NjhWk; ney; mWtil nra;J fsj;jpy; xg;gb nra;ag;gLtJ fq;fhzk;

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102) fz;fhzp vd;gJ xg;gbia Nkw;ghh;it nra;tijf; Fwpf;Fk;.

103) jpUney;Ntyp khtl;lk; Fw;whyj;jpw;F mUfpy; ,Ug;gJ - gz;Gspg;gl;ldk;

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104) gz;Gspg;gl;ldj;jpd; NtW ngah; - gz;ig vd;Wk; gz;nghopy; vd;Wk;

miof;fg;gLk;.

105) ,q;Fs;s rpWFd;wpd; ngah; - jpUkiy

106) jpUkiyapy; tPw;wpUg;gth; - KUfd;

107) ‘jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S“ vDk; ,e;E}iy gs;spir vd;Wk; ‘jpUkiy

mjpgh; gs;S“ vdTk; toq;fg;gLfpwJ.
108) nghpatd; ftpuhahpd; fhyk; - 18 Mk; E}w;whz;L.

Iq;FWE}W - jiyg;G MLfk; tphpe;Nj

109) ,y;ywj;jpy; md;Gk; > mwDk; rpwf;f Ntz;bj; jiytd; nghd;Dk; nghUSk;
<l;lr; nry;tJ gw;wpg; NgRtJ - rq;fg; ghly;fs;.
110) Iq;FWE}W ghlypd; Mrphpah; - Ngadhh;.
111) Iq;FWE}W ghly; vd;d jpiz - Ky;iy
112) Ky;iyj; jpiz ghlypd; Mrphpah; - Ngadhh;
113) Ky;iy epyj;jpy; G+j;j G+f;fs; - fhah > nfhd;iw > nea;jy; >
Ky;iy>nrk;Ky;iy> gpltk;
114) Iq;FWE}W gphpj;njOJf - Ie;J + FWik + E}W
115) Iq;FWE}W mbtiuaiw - 3 Kjy; 6 tiu
116) Iq;FWE}w;wpy; cs;s ghtif - mftw;gh
117) jpizfs; vj;jid- 5 ( FwpQ;rp > Ky;iy > kUjk; > nea;jy; > ghiy )
118) jpiz xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; vj;jidg; ghly;fs; mike;Js;sd - 100
119) jpiz vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - xOf;fk;.
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

120) Ie;J jpizfisg; ghba Gyth;fs; -

FwpQ;rp fgpyh;

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Ngadhh;
Ky;iy
Xuk;Nghfpahh;
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kUjk;
mk;%tdhh;
nea;jy;
Xjyhe;ijahh;
ghiy

121) Iq;FWE}w;wpy; flTs; tho;j;J ghbath;- ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh;.

122) Iq;FWE}w;iwj; njhFj;jth; - Gyj;Jiw Kw;wpa $lY}h; fpohh;
123) Iq;FWE}w;iwj; njhFg;gpj;jth; - ahidf;fl;Nra; khe;juQ;
NruypUk;nghiw
124) rq;ffhyg; Gyth;fspy; xUth; - Ngadhh;
125) Ngadhh; ,aw;wpa 105ghly;fs; fpilj;Js;sd.
126) 99 tif kyh;fis gl;baypLk; E}y; - FwpQ;rpg;ghl;L

,ay; - 3 gPL ngw epy;

fhtbr; rpe;J

127) fhtbr; rpe;J ghbath; - nrd;dpFsk; mz;zhkiyahh;

128) jkpo; gz;ghl;Lf; $WfSs; xd;W – fhtb
129) ; pUg;gtd; - KUfd;
Fd;WNjhWk; tPww
130) fhtb vLj;J Mlg;gLk; flTs; - KUfd;
131) ehl;lhh; tof;fpYs;s ,ir kuG – fhtbr; rpe;J
132) topeilg; ghly;fspy; ,Ue;J Njhd;wpa ghtbtk; - fhtbr; rpe;J

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

133) [fk; - cyfk;> Gak; - Njhs;>tiu – kiy>td;dk; - moF> fOfhryk; -

fOFkiy>j;t[];jk;gk; - nfhbkuk;> E}Guk; - rpyk;G>khRdk; - ghk;G> ,Q;rp –
kjpy;> ck;gh; - Njth;

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134) nrd;dpFsk; vd;Dk; Chpy; gpwe;jth; - mz;zhkiyjhrd;
135) fOFkiyj; jiytd; - KUfd;
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136) KUfd;Gfo; ghLtJ – jpUg;Gfo;
137) Njth;fs; ,Uf;Fk; gl;bdk; - mkuhtjp
138) re;j ,yf;fpak; - fhtbr; rpe;J
139) fhtbr; rpe;J ghly;fspd; nkl;Lfs; ahuhy; mikf;fg;gl;lJ -mz;zhkiyahh;
140) jkpopy; Kjd;Kjypy; tz;zr; rpe;J ghbath; - mz;zhkiyahh;
141) fhtbr; rpe;Jtpd; je;ij - mz;zhkiyahh;
142) Cw;W kiyapd; FWepyj; jiyth; - ,Ujahya kUjg;g Njth;
143) mz;zhkiyahh; ahhplk; muritg; Gytuhf ,Ue;jhh; - ,Ujahya kUjg;g
Njth;
144) mz;zhkiyahh; ,aw;wpa gpw E}y;fs; - tPiuj; jyGuhzk;>etePj
fpU];zrhkp gjpfk;>rq;fud; Nfhtpy; jphpge;jhjp> fUit Kk;kzpf;
Nfhit>Nfhkjp me;jhjp

FWe;njhif

145) FWe;njhif ghlypd; Mrphpah; - nts;sptPjpahh;

146) mfj;jpiz ,yf;fzj;jpd; ,yf;fpakha; tpsq;FtJ – FWe;njhif
147) FWe;njhif ghly; mike;Js;s jpiz – FwpQ;rp
148) rpjty; - jiyg;ghif> jz;L – Cd;WNfhy;
149) FWe;njhif ghly; mike;Js;s ghtif – Nehpir Mrphpag;gh
150) vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W – FWe;njhif
151) FWe;njhif nkhj;jg; ghly;fs; - mfj;jpiz rhh;e;j 401 ghly;fs;
152) FWe;njhifapd; milnkhop – ey;y FWe;njhif
153) ciuahrphpah;fs; gyuhYk; Nkw;nfhs; fhl;lg;gl;l E}y; - FWe;njhif

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

154) Kjypy; njhLf;fg;gl;l njhif E}yhff; fUjg;gLtJ - FWe;njhif

155) FWe;njhifiaj; njhFj;jth; - g+hpf;Nfh
FWe;njhifapy; flTs; tho;j;J ghbath; - ghujk; ghba ngUe;Njtdhh;

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156)
157) rq;ffhy ngz; Gyth;fspy; xUth; - nts;sptPjpahh;
158) rq;fj; njhif E}y;fspy; nts;sptPjpahuhy; ghlg;gl;l ghly;fs;– 13
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GwehD}W

159) GwehD}W ghlypd; Mrphpah; - flYs; kha;e;j ,sk;ngUtOjp

160) jkpohpd; tho;tpay; fUt+yk; - GwehD}W

161) tPuj;ijAk;><uj;ijAk; kl;Lk; NgrhJ tho;tpd; tpOkpaq;fisg; NgRtJ –

GwehD}W
162) ; fd tho;tNj gpwtpg;gad; vd;w fUj;jpid tpsf;Fk; ghly; - GwehD}W
gpwh;fn

163) jdf;nfd thoh kdpjh;fisg; gw;wp NgRk; vl;Lj; njhif E}y; - GwehD}W

164) GwehD}w;wpy; gapd;W te;Js;s jpiz – nghJtpay; jpiz

165) GwehD}w;wpy; gapd;W te;Js;s Jiw- nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiw

166) ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; tiu cs;s jpizfspy; $wg;glhj nra;jpfisf; $WtJ
– nghJtpay; jpiz
167) kf;fSf;F eyk; nra;Ak; tho;tpay; newpfis vLj;Jf; $WtJ -
nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj; Jiw
168) JQ;ry; - Nrhk;gy;> khl;rp - ngUik> jhs; - Kaw;rp
169) GwehD}w;Wg; ghlypy; gapd;W te;Js;s ghtif – Nehpir Mrphpag;gh

170) GwehD}w;iwg; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;j;jth; - Nguhrphpah; [hh;[;

vy;.`hh;l;
171) [hh;[; vy;.`hh;;l; mth;fs; nkhopngah;j;j GwehD}w;Wf;F itj;j jiyg;G -The
Four Hundred Songs of War and Wisdom; An Anthology of Poems
from Classical Tamil, the Purananuru

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

172) GwehD}w;wpy; rpy ghly;fis Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;jth; - [p.A.Nghg;

173) [p.A.Nghg; itj;j jiyg;G – Extracts from Purananooru& Purap Porul

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Venbamalai
174) GwehD}w;iw 1894k; Mz;L Kjd; Kjypy; gjpg;gpj;J ntspapl;lth; - c.Nt.rh
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175) Gwj;jpiz rhh;e;j ehD}W ghly;fisf; nfhz;lJ – GwehD}W

176) GwehD}w;Wf;F toq;fg;gLk; NtWngah;fs;- Gwk;> Gwg;ghl;L

177) mftw;ghf;fshy; Md E}y; - GwehD}W

178) rq;ffhyj;jpy; Mz;l murh;fisg; gw;wpAk;> kf;fspd; r%f tho;f;ifg; gw;wpAk;
vLj;Jiug;gJ – GwehD}W
179) mhpa Fzq;fs; midj;ijAk; jk; ,sikf; fhyj;jpNyNa ngw;wpUe;j
fhuzj;jhy; kf;fs; ,sk;ngUtOjp vd;W mioj;jdh;

180) “flw;nryT’ xd;wpy; ,we;J Nghdth; - ,sk;ngUtOjp

181) GwehD}w;wpy; xU ghlYk;> ghpghlypy; xU ghlYk; ,aw;wpath;- flYs; kha;e;j

,sk;ngUtOjp

jpUf;Fws;

182) jPapdhy; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk; MwhNj

ehtpdhy; Rl;l tL - Ntw;Wik mzp gapd;W te;Js;sJ
183) kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj;jw;why; nry;tk;
ngUe;jifahd;fz; gbd; - ctik mzp
184) Rlr;RlUk; nghd;Nghy; xsptpLk; Jd;gk;
Rlr;Rl Nehw;fpw; gth;f;F - ctik mzp
185) gw;Wf gw;ww;whd; gw;wpiz mg;gw;iwg;
gw;Wf gw;W tplw;F - nrhy; gpd;tUk; epiyazp
186) gPypnga; rhfhLk; mr;rpWk; mg;gz;lk;
rhy kpFj;Jg; ngapd; - gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

187) jpUf;Fwspy; cs;s ghy;tif - %d;W

ghy; mjpfhuk; Fws;fs;

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38 380
mwj;Jg;ghy;

70 700
nghUl;ghy;
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25 250
fhkj;Jg;ghy;

133 1330

188) jpUf;Fwspy; cs;s ,ay;fs; - xd;gJ

ghy; ,ay;fs; ,ay;fspd; ngah;fs;
ghaputpay;> ,y;ywtpay;>
4
mwj;Jg;ghy; Jwtwtpay;> Copay;
murpay;>mq;ftpay;> xopgpay;
3
nghUl;ghy; (mikr;R ,ay;)

2 fstpay;>fw;gpay;
fhkj;Jg;ghy;

189) jpUf;Fws; Fws; ntz;gh vDk; ghtifapy; MdJ

190) jpU vDk; milnkhop ngw;w E}y; - jpUf;Fws;

191) ; spy; tho;tpay; newpfisg; NgRk; E}y; - jpUf;Fws;

VO rPhf

192) ; g;gl;l E}y; - jpUf;Fws;

cyf nkhopfs; gytw;wpy; nkhopngah;ff

193) jpUf;FwSf;F ciu vOjpath;fs; - gjpd;kh;(10)

ghpNkyofh;>kzf;Flth;>fhypq;fh;> ghpjp>ghpg;ngUkhs;>jUkh;>
jhkj;jh;>er;rh;>jpUkiyahh;>ky;yh;
194) jpUf;Fwspd; rpwg;gpid tpsf;Fk; E}y; - jpUts;Stkhiy

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

195) jpUts;StUf;F toq;Fk; NtW ngah;fs;-

Njth;> ehadhh;>nja;tg;Gyth;> nre;ehg; Nghjh;> ngUehtyh;> ngha;apy; Gyth;>
ngha;ah nkhopg; Gyth;> khjhDgq;fp> Kjw;ghtyh;

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196) jpUts;Stuhz;L – fp.K.31

197) Jd;gg;gLgth; - ehitf; fhf;fhjth;

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198) xg;GuT vd;gjd; nghUs; - CUf;F cjTtJ

199) tpiue;J nfLgtd; ahh;? - gpwUld; xj;Jg; Nghfhjtd;

jd;typikjd;id cah;thf epidf;fhjtd;.

200) cyfg; nghJkiw vd;W Nghw;wg;gLtJ - jpUf;Fws;

201) jpUf;Fws; 1330 Fwl;ghf;fshy; MdJ.

202)
1.tho;gtd; xj;jwpgtd;
,irnahopj;jtd;
2.thohjtd;
Gfo; jUk; gz;Gilatd;
3.Njhd;Wgtd;
fhj;jpUg;gtd;
4.nty;y epidg;gtd;
kUe;jhFk; kukhdtd;
5.ngUk; gz;Gilatd;

203) ,ay;fs; Fws;fspd; vz;zpf;if

ghaputpay; 04

20
,y;ywtpay;
13
Jwtwtpay;
01
Copay;
38
nkhj;jk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

muR ,ay; 25

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32
mikr;R ,ay;
13
xopgpay;
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70
nkhj;jk;

fstpay; 07

18
fw;gpay;

25
nkhj;jk;

204) gjpndz; fPof;fzf;F E}y;fspy; xd;whff; Fwpg;gpLk; tho;tpay; E}y; -

jpUf;Fws;.
205) jpUf;FwSf;F toq;Fk; NtWngah;fs; -
Kg;ghy;> cj;juNtjk;> nja;tE}y;> cyfg;nghJkiw>ngha;ah nkhop

206) gw;W ePq;fpatDf;F cz;;lhtJ - gw;ww;wtidg; gw;WE}y; cz;lhtJ.

gw;Ws;s mfYk; - nghUs;fspd; Jd;gk; mfYk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-4 ,dpnahU tpjp nra;Nthk;

tpQ;Qhdp

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207) tpQ;QhdpMrphpah; - kPuh
208) tpQ;Qhdp vDk; jiyg;G - ftpauq;ff; ftpij
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209) tpQ;Qhdp vDk; ftpijfs; ahh; jiyikapy; muq;Nfw;wg;gl;ld -fz;zjhrd;
210) kPuhtpd; ,aw;ngah; - kP.uhNre;jpud;
211) kuGf;ftpij> GJf;ftpij ,U jsq;fspYk; gutyhf mwpag;gl;lth; - kPuh
212) rptfq;if muRf;fy;Y}hapy; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpGhpe;jth; -kPuh

213) kPuh ,aw;wpa ftpij E}y;fs; -Crpfs;+fdTfs;+fw;gidfs; =

fhfpjq;fs;
214) kPuh elj;jpa ,jo;fs; - md;dk; tpL J}J> ftp
215) jpy;yp thndhyp epiyak; cUJ nkhopapy; ‘Ki\uh”vd;w ftpauq;fj;ij Kjd;
Kiwahf xypgug;gpaJ.
216) jkpopYk; ftpijfis xypgug;g Ntz;Lnkd;w tpUg;gj;jpy; rpl;b (Re;juuh[d;)
NrhKTk; ftpauq;fk; vd;W ngahpl;L xU epfo;rr
; pia elj;jpdh;.
217) jpUr;rp thndhyp epiyak; ,k;Kjy; ftpauq;fj;ij jkpog;Gj;jhz;L
ehisnahl;b 13.04.1994 md;W xypgug;gpaJ.
218) jkpo;ehl;by; ele;j ftpauq;fk; - vopy;

ePyNfrp
219) ,d;iwa mwptpay; fz;Lgpbg;Gfspd; ,izr;rpe;jidfisj; jkpoh; jk;
gz;ila ,yf;fpaq;fspy; fhzyhk;.
220) Gj;jkj JwtpaUld; thjk; nra;jth; - ePyNfrp
221) mwptpay; rpe;jidfis tpsf;Fk; IQ;rpW fhg;gpak; - ePyNfrp
222) jhtuq;fSf;F caph; cz;L vd;W $WtJ - ePyNfrp
223) jhtuq;fSf;F caph; cz;L vd;gjw;F cjhuzk; jUk; jhtuk; -njhl;lhy;
RUq;fpj; jhtuk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

224) kho;fp vd;why; - njhl;lhy; RUq;fpj; jhtuk; vd;W ngah;

225) Nrjid vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - mwpT

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226) mwptpay; cyfpy; jhtuq;fSf;F caph; cz;L vd;w cz;ikia cyfpw;F

ntspg;gLj;jpath; [fjPr re;jpu Ngh]; (19-k; E}w;whz;L)

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227) thkd; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - mUfd;

228) fhJ xypia czh;tJ vjd; %yk; - GydwpT

229) 17-k; E}w;whz;L xspapd; jpirNtfj;ij cyfpw;F ntspg;gLj;jpath; -Nuhkh;

230) 17-k; E}w;whz;L xypapd; jpirNtfj;ij cyfpw;F ntspg;gLj;jpath; - gpahp

Nfrd;b
231) xypapd; jpirNtfk; - 331 kP/tp

232) xspapd; jpirNtfk; - 3x108kP/tp

233) xyp> xspAk; xNu Neuj;jpy; Njhd;wpdhYk; tpiutpy; ek;ik te;jiltJ - xspNa

234) IQ;rpW fhg;gpaq;fSs; xd;W - ePyNfrp

235) ePyNfrp vt;tifg; ghthy; ,aw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ- tpUj;jg;gh

236) ePyNfrpapd; NtW ngah; - ePyNfrpj; njUl;L (jpul;L)

237) Fz;lyNfrp vDk; E}Yf;F kWg;ghf vOjg;gl;lJ - ePyNfrp

238) ePyNfrp Fwpg;gpLk; rkak; - rkzk;

239) ePyNfrp vd;gth; - rkzg; ngz; Jwtp

240) jkpopy; vOjg;gl;l KjyhtJ jUf;f E}y; - ePyNfrp

241) ePyNfrpapy; cs;s ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if -894

242) ePyNfrp ciuahrphpah; - rka jpthfu thkd Kdpth;

243) ePyNfrp - Mrphpah; mwpag;gltpy;iy.

244) nkhf;fythjr; rUf;fk; ve;E}ypy; cs;sJ - ePyNfrp (3 ghly;)

245) Gj;j thjr; rUf;fk; - ePyNfrp (2 ghly;)

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

GwehD}W
246) goe;jkpohpd; tho;tpay; fUT+yk; - GwehD}W

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247) thdpay; gw;wp fzpg;gth;fs; md;Nw ,Ue;jhh;fs; vd;W $Wk; E}y; - GwehD}W

248) thdtpay;> ,aw;gpay; Nghd;w jfty;fisg; Gyth;fs; ,e;E}ypy; je;Js;sdh; -

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GwehD}W
249) nrq;fjpNuhd; tPjpAk;> nrk;ikahd ,af;fKk; ntspg;gLj;JtJ - GwehD}W

250) GwehD}W ghlypd; Mrphpah; - ciwA+h; KJfz;zd; rhj;jdhh;

,ay; - 5 Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk;

gps;isf; $lk;

251) gps;isf;$lk; vd;w ftpijapd; Mrphpah; - ,uh.kPdhl;rp

252) gs;spf;$lk; vt;thW ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W nrhy;gth; - ,uh.kPdhl;rp
253) ,uh.kPdhl;rp ftpij vOjj; njhlq;fpa Mz;L - 1970
254) ,uh.kPdhl;rp ,aw;wpa ftpij E}y;fs; neUQ;rp> RLG+f;fs;>
jPghtspg;gfy;> kWgazk;> thridg;Gy;> cja efhpypUe;J > nfhb tpsf;F
255) ghz;br;Nrhp MNuhtpy;ypy; tho;e;J tUgth; - ,uh.kPdhl;rp
256) gps;isf;$lk; vd;Dk; ftpij ,lk;ngw;w E}y; - nfhb tpsf;F

ew;wpiz

257) ew;wpizapd; Mrphpah; - Nghjdhh;

258) ew;wpizg; ghly; mike;Js;s jpiz - ghiy
259) ew;wpizg; ghly; mike;Js;s Jiw - kfs; epiy ciuj;jy;
260) tho;f;if vd;Dk; ehzaj;jpd; ,U gf;fq;fs; - tsik > tWik
261) tWikapy; nrk;ikaha; tho typAWj;JtJ - fy;tp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

262) tskhd jiytp >Fiwe;j tsk; nfhz;l jiytd; tPl;by;

tWikAw;Wnrk;ikahy; tho;fpd;w fhl;rpiag; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lk;
vl;Lj;njhif E}y; - ew;wpiz

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263) kfs;epiy ciuj;jy; vd;w Jiwia ‘ kid kUl;rp “ vd;Wk; $wg;gLk; .
264) gpurk; - Njd; > twd; - tWik >nfhOr;NrhW -ngUQ;nry;tk; >kJif -
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ngUkpjk;
265) vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fspy; Kjyhtjhf itj;Jg; ghlg;gLk; E}y; - ew;wpiz
266) ey;yjpiz vd;w milnkhopahy; Nghw;wg;gLk; E}y; - ew;wpiz
267) ew;wpiz ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if -400
268) ew;wpizapd; mbtiuaiw - 9 - 12
269) ew;wpiziaj; njhFg;gpj;jth; - gd;dhL je;j ghz;bad; khwd; tOjp
270) ew;wpizapy; flTs; tho;j;Jg;ghliy ghbath; - ghujk;
ghbangUe;Njtdhh;.
271) Nghjdhh; vd;gth; - rq;f fhyg; Gyth;
272) ew;wpizapy; 110 Mk; ghliy kl;Lk; ghbath; - Nghjdhh;
273) ew;wpizapd; Nguy;iy 12 mb - ,Ug;gpDk; 13 mbiaf; nfhz;l xNu ghliy
,aw;wpath;- Nghjdhh; .

njhy;fhg;gpak; rpwg;G ghapu ciu tpsf;fg ;ghly;

274) njhy;fhg;gpa E}y; Mrphpah; - njhy;fhg;gpah;

275) ekf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; jkpo; E}y;fspy; fhyj;jhy; goikahd ,yf;fz E}y; -
njhy;fhg;gpak;
276) njhy;fhg;gpak; %d;W mjpfhuq;fisf; nfhz;lJ
1) vOj;jjpfhuk; 2) nrhy;yjpfhuk; 3) nghUsjpfhuk;
277) njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; cs;s xt;nthU mjpfhuj;jpYk; vj;jid ,ay;fs; cs;sd 9
278) njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; cs;s nkhj;j ,ay;fs; - 27

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

279) njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpw;F ciu vOjpa goikahd ciuahrphpah;fs; -

,sk;G+uzhh;>er;rpdhh;ff
; pdpahh;>fy;yhldhh;>Nrdhtiuah;>nja;tr;rpiyahh;>Ngu
hrphpah;.

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280) njhy;fhg;gpak; Kjy; gjpg;G Mz;L - 1847
281) njhy;fhg;gpauhy; njhFj;Jk;>gFj;Jk;>Nrh;j;Jk; vOjg;gl;l E}y; -
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njhy;fhg;gpak;
282) nghUs; ,yf;fzkhd tho;tpd; ,yf;fzj;ijAk; tFj;Jf; $WtJ -
njhy;fhg;gpak;
283) khzth;fs; vt;thW fw;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijr; nrhy;Yk; E}y; - njhy;fhg;gpak;
284) ,Of;F vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - Fw;wk;

,ay; - 6 ehnsy;yhk; tpidnra;

rPwhg;Guhzk;

285) ,iwtdpd; jpUj;J}jh; - egpfs; ehafk;

286) egpfs; ehafj;jpd; rPhpa tuyhw;W ,yf;fpak; - rPwhg;Guhzk;
287) jkpo; ,yf;fpa kuGfisg; gpd;gw;wp vOjg;gl;l jiyr;rpwe;j ,Ryhkpa ,yf;fpak;
- rPwhg;Guhzk;
288) gifAk; tWikAk; NehAk; jPz;lhg; nghUs;tsk; epiwe;j efuk; - kjPdh
289) jhdj;jpYk;> jtj;jpYk; rpwe;J tpsq;fpa kf;fs; jPd;newpia tsh;j;j ghq;fpid
fhl;rpg;gLj;JtJ – nrytpah; fhz;lk; (`p[pwj;Jf; fhz;lk;)
290) rPwhg;Guhzk; - `p[;uj;Jf; fhz;lj;jpy; cs;s ghlj;jpd; jiyg;G – kjPdk;
Gf;f glyk;
291) `p[pwj; vd;w muGr; nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; - ,lk;ngah;jy;
292) kf;fh efuj;jpd; ,dkf;fs;- Fiwrp
293) egpfs; ehafj;jpw;F nfhLik nra;jth;fs; - Fiwrp kf;fs;
294) kf;fhit tpl;L kjPdhtpw;F nrd;wth; - egpfs; ehafk;
295) egpfs; ehafj;jpd; Jizth; - mg+gf;fh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

296) ,Ryhkpa mwnewpfis tsh;f;f kf;fhit tpl;L kjPdhtpw;F nrd;wth; -

egpfs; ehafk;
Ky;iy epyj;ijAk; FwpQ;rp epyj;ijAk; fle;J kjPdh efuj;jpy; Eioe;jth-

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297)
egpfs; ehafk;
298) kjPdh efhpid fhg;gpa ,yf;fz newp epd;W Gfo;eJ ghbath; - ckWg;Gyth;
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299) rPwhg;Guhzj;jpd; Mrphpah; - ckWg;Gyth;
300) tiu – kiy> Gltp – cyfk;> thuzk; - ahid > tJit – jpUkzk;>jPd; -
khh;f;fk;
301) ,Ryhkpaj; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpy; Kjd;ikahdjhf tpsq;FtJ - rPwhg;Guhzk;
302) rPwh vd;gJrPwj; vd;Dk; muGr; nrhy;ypd; jphpG MFk;
303) rPwj; vd;gjd; nghUs; - tho;f;if
304) Guhzk; vd;why; - tuyhW
305) egpfs; ngUkhspd; tuyhw;iwf; $Wk; E}y; - rPwhg;Guhzk;
306) ts;sy; rPjf;fhjpapd; Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f ckWg;Gyth; ,aw;wpaJ -
rPwhg;Guhzk;
307) rPwhg;Guhzk; vj;jid fhz;lq;fis cilaJ - %d;W
1.tpyhjj;Jf; fhz;lk; 2. EGt;tj;Jf; fhz;lk; 3. `p[puj;Jf; fhz;lk;
308) rPwhg;Guhzj;jpy; cs;s nkhj;j glyq;fs; - 92
309) rPwhg;Guhzj;jpy; cs;s nkhj;j ghly;fs; - 5027
310) rPwhg;Guhzk; ve;j ghtpdk; - tpUj;jg;gh
311) rPwhg;Guhzk; vOjp Kbg;gjw;F Kd;Ng ckWg;Gyth; ,aw;if va;jpaf;
fhuzj;jdhy; gD mfkJ kiuf;fhah; ghb Kbj;jhh;
312) rPwhg;Guhzk;rpd;dr; rPwh vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ
313) rpd;dr; rPwh Mrphpah; - gD mfkJ kiuf;fhah;
314) vl;laGuj;jpy; muritg; Gyth; - ckWg;Gyth;
315) fbif Kj;Jg; Gythpd; khzth; - ckWg;Gyth;
316) ckWg;Gyth ,aw;wpa kw;nwhU E}y; - KJnkhop khiy
317) ckWg;Gyth; Mjhpj;jth;fs; - ts;sy; rPjf;fhjp> mGy;fhrpk; kiuf;fhah;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

mfehD}W

318) mfehD}W ghlg;gFjpapd; Mrphpah; - tPiu ntspad; jpj;jdhh;

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319) nrhy;y te;jf; fUj;ij cs;Siw topahf ciug;gJ mfehD}w;Wg;ghly;fspd;
rpwg;G
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320) jiytpiaj; jiytd; re;jpf;f Ntz;ba Fwpaplj;ij, Fwpg;igg; nghjpe;J
ntspapLtJ Njhopapd; nghWg;G
321) mfehD}W ghly; gapd;W te;Js;s jpiz – FwpQ;rp
322) mfehD}W ghly; gapd;W te;Js;s Jiw - ,utpy; rpiwg;Gwkhfj; Njhop
nrhy;ypaJ
323) rkk; - Nghh;>tpRk;G – thdk;> Mak; - Rw;wk;> jl;il – gwitfis
sXl;Lk; fUtpfs;
324) jpidg;Gdk; fhg;gts; - Fwkfs;
325) mfehD}W145 Gyth;fs; ghba ghly;fspd; njhFg;G
326) mfehD}w;wpd; gphpTfs; - %d;W
1. fspw;wpahid epiu
2. kzpkpilg; gtsk;
3. epj;jpyf; Nfhit
327)

fspw;wpahid epiu 1 -120 120 ghly;fs;

121-300 180 ghly;fs;

kzpkpilg; gtsk;

301-400 100 ghly;fs;

epj;jpyf; Nfhit

400 nkhj;jk;

328) mfehD}w;wpd; NtW ngah; - neLe;njhif ehD}W

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

329) mfehD}w;wpd; mbtiuaiw – 13-31

330) mfehD}w;wpy; VNjh xU ghly; kl;Lk; vOjpath; -tPiu ntspad; jpj;jdhh;

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vz;fs; jpizfs;
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1>3>5>7 ghiy

2>8>12>18 FwpQ;rp

4>14>24>34 Ky;iy

6>16>26>36 kUjk;

10>20>30>40 nea;jy;

331) mfehD}w;wpy; ghiyj; jpiz ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 200

332) mfehD}w;wpy; FwpQ;rpj;; jpiz ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 80
333) mfehD}w;wpy; Ky;iyj;; jpiz ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 40
334) mfehD}w;wpy; kUjj; jpiz ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 40
335) mfehD}w;wpy; nea;jy; jpiz ghly;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 40

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 7 gy;fiy epWT

Mj;khehk; ftpijfs;

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336) kJR+jdd; vd;w ,aw;ngah; nfhz;lth; - Mj;khehk;.
337) jkpo;f;ftpij MSikfspy; Fwpg;gplj;jf;fth; - Mj;khehk;.
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338) fhfpjj;jpy; xU NfhL ftpij njhFg;gpd; Mrphpah; - Mj;kehk;.
339) Mj;khehk; elj;jpa rpw;wpjo; - o
340) ftpij vd;w fiy tbtj;jpy; mofpay; Clhf khDlj;jpd; tpOkpaq;fis cuj;j
Fuypy; Ngrpath; - Mj;khehk;.
341) ftpij ghLtjpy; r%f mf;fiwahf khw;wpf; nfhz;lth; - Mj;khehk;.
342) ftpijapy; mzpiyAk;>Gspakuj;ijAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;jp ek;Kld;
ciuahLgth; - Mj;khehk;.

Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp

343) Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp Mrphpah; - jphp$l uhrg;g ftpuhah;

344) tPuh;fis>murh;fis>ts;sy;fis>jdpkdpjh;fisg; ghbaJ
- rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;
345) rka E}y;fs; flTisg; ghbd >flTNshL kdpjidAk; ghbaJ
- rpw;wpypf;fpaq;fs;
346) ,aw;wkpopd; nrOikAk; ,irj;jkpopd; ,dpikiaAk;>ehlfj;jkpopd;
vopypidAk; xUq;Nf nfhz;L Kj;jkpo;f; fhtpakhfj; jpfo;tJ - Fw;whyf;
FwtQ;rp
347) jkpo;ehl;bd; njd;fhrpf;F mUfpy; mike;jpUg;gJ -Fw;whyk;
348) Fw;why ehjiug; Nghw;wpg; ghlg;gl;lJ - Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp

349) Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp jphp$luhrg;gf; ftpuhahpd; “ftpijf; fphPlk;”vd;W

Nghw;wg;gl;lJ.
350) Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp ahUila tpUg;gj;jpw;fpzq;fg; ghb muq;Nfw;wg;gl;lJ
-kJiuKj;J tprauq;f nrhf;fypq;fdhh;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

351) jpUney;Ntypapy; Njhd;wpath; - jphp$luhrg;g ftpuhah;

352) Fw;why ehjh; Nfhtpypy; gzpGhpAk; fhyj;jpy; irt rkaf; fy;tpapYk;
,yf;fpa ,yf;fzq;fspYk; Njh;r;rp ngw;wth;- jphp$luhrg;g ftpuhah;

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353) jpUf;Fw;why ehjh; Nfhtpy; tpj;Jthd; vd;W rpwg;Gg; gl;lg;ngah; ngw;wth;
-jphp$luhrg;g ftpuhah;
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354) jphp$luhrg;g ftpuhah; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;-Fw;whyj;jpd; kPJ jyGuhzk;>
khiy>rpNyil>gps;isj;jkpo;> akf me;jhjp
355) Fw;whyj;jpd; kPJ jyGuhzk; ghbath; - jphp$luhrg;g ftpuhah;
356) Fw;whyk; cs;s khtl;lk; - jpUney;Ntyp
357) Fw;why ehjh; - rptngUkhd;
358) FwtQ;rp vd;gJ xUtif ehlf ,yf;fpatbtkhFk;
359) FwtQ;rp vd;gJ rpw;wpyf;fpa tiffspy; xd;W
360) Fwp $wpg; ghprpy; ngWk; nra;jpfisf; $Wtjhy; ,J FwtQ;rp vdg; ngah;
ngw;wJ.
361) rpw;wpyf;fpa tif-96
362) FwtQ;rp NtW ngah; - Fwj;jpg; ghl;L
363) ghprpy; ngw;W tUgth;fs; - rpq;fp>rpq;fd;
364) rpq;fp Fwpg;gpLk; ehL -Nryk;
365) rpq;fp Fwpg;gpLk; kd;dh; - ghz;bad;
366) Foy; - $e;jy; > ehq;$o; - kz;GO > Nfhyj;J ehl;lhh; - fypq;f ehl;lhh;>
thpir-rd;khdk;>nfhj;J - G+khiy.

jpUr;rhoy;

367) jpUr;rhoy; Mrphpah; - khzpf;fthrfh;

368) nkhop tpisahl;bd; %yk; ,iwtdpd; ngUik NgRk; nra;As; tif
- jpUr;rhoy;
369) xU ngz; ,iwtidg; gopg;gJ NghyTk;>,d;ndhUj;jp ,iwtdJ nraiy
epahag;gLj;JtJ NghyTk; ghlg;gLtJ - jpUr;rhoy;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

370) vj;jidg; ghly;fspy; khzpf;fthrfh; ,iwtdpd; ngUikia njhptpf;fpwhh;

-20
371) fhapy; -ntFz;lhy; > me;jk; -KbT>mad; - gpukd;>khy; -tp\;Z>Myhyk; -eQ;R

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372) RLfhl;ilf; NfhtpyhfTk; > Gypj;Njhiy MilahfTk; nfhz;ltd; - rptd;
373) ghw;fliyf; file;j NghJ cz;lhf;fpa eQ;ir cz;ltd; -rptd;
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374) eQ;ir rptd; cz;bUf;fhtpl;lhy; gpukd;>tp\;Z cs;spl;l Njth;fs;
mope;J NghapUg;gh;
375) rhoy;vd;gJ ngz;fs; tpisahLk; xUtifahd tpisahl;L
376) xUj;jp tpdh Nfl;f>kw;nwhUj;jp tpil $Wtjhf mike;jpUg;gJ -rhoy;
377) ,iwtd; nray;fisAk; mtw;why; tpsq;Fk; cz;ikfisAk; tpsq;FtJ -
jpUr;rhoy; tbtkhFk;.
378) nghpa jpUnkhopapd;Mrphpah; - jpUkq;ifaho;thh;
379) jpUr;rhoy; tbtj;ijg; nghpa jpUnkhopapy; gad;gLj;jpath; -
jpUkq;ifaho;thh;
380) jpUthrfj;ij ,aw;wpath; - khzpf;fthrfh;
381) irt rkaj;jpd; gd;dpU jpUKiwfspy; vl;lhk; jpUKiwahf cs;sJ.
382) jpUthrfj;jpd; 51 jpUg;gjpfq;fs; cs;sd.
383) jpUthrfj;jpy; cs;s nkhj;jg; ghly;fs; - 658
384) jpUthrfj;jpy; ghlg;gl;l rptj;jpUj;jyq;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 38
385) gf;jpr; RitAk; kdj;ij cUf;Fk; jd;ikAk; nfhz;l ghly;fs; jpUthrfk;.
386) ‘jpUthrfj;jpw;F cUfhjhh; xU thrfj;jpw;Fk; cUfhh;” vd;gJ -KJnkhop
387) jpy;iyf; Nfhtpypy; ghlg;ngw;wJ - jpUr;rhoy;
388) jpUthrfj;ij Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhop ngah;j;jth; - [p.A.Nghg;
389) irt rkaf; Futh; ehy;thpy; xUth; - khzpf;f thrfh;
390) irt rkaf; Futh;fs; ehy;th;
1. jpUQhd rk;ge;jh; 2. jpUehTf;furh; 3. Re;juu; 4.khzpf;fthrfh;
391) khzpf;f thrfh; gpwe;j Ch; - jpUthjT+h;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

392) mhpkh;j;jd ghz;badplk; jiyikaikr;ruhfg; gzpahw;wpath;

- khzpf;fthrfh;
393) khzpf;fthrfh; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; -jpUthrfk;>jpUf;Nfhit

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394) ,uz;lb thq;fpdhy;jhd; jpUe;Jtha; vd;why; ahhplk; thq;f Ntz;Lk;
-ts;Sthplk; thq;F
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,ay;-8 itaj; jiyik nfhs;

Gul;rpf; ftp

395) Gul;rpf; ftp Mrphpah;-ghujpjhrd;.

396) kf;fshl;rpf;F Kd;G tiu rl;lk;> eph;thfk;> ePjp Mfpait ahhplk; ,Ue;jd -
murdplk;.
397) kf;fshl;rpapd; mbg;gilf; $Wfs - Rje;jpuk;> rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk;.
398) kf;fshl;rpr; rpe;jidfisg; gug;gpajpy; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;F ngUk; gq;F
cz;L.
399) muR vd;gJ kf;fSf;fhdNj vd;W typAWj;JtJ - ,yf;fpa tbtk;
400) murd; ftpij vOJk; fiyapid fw;Wj;ju tpUk;Gk; kfspd; ngah; -mKjty;yp
401) mKjty;ypf;F ftpij vOjf; fiyapid fw;Wj; ju mikr;rd; ahh; ngaiu
Kd; nkhopfpwhh; - cjhud;
402) cjhud;ghh;itaw;wtd; vd;Wk; mKjty;yp njhO Nehahsp vd;W ngha;
nrhy;yg;gLfpwJ
403) XJf-nrhy;f> fdpfs;-cNyhfq;fs;> kPl;rp-tpLjiy> eit-Fw;wk;>gb-cyfk;

gjpw;Wg; gj;J

404) vl;Lj;njhif E}y;fSs; xd;W- gjpw;Wg; gj;J

405) ’xj;j’ milnkhopahy; miof;fg;gLk; E}y;- gjpw;Wg; gj;J
406) cWgrpAk; Xthg; gpzpAk; nrWgifAk; Nruh jpay;tJ ehL vd;W Fwpg;gpLgth; -
ts;Sth;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

407) grpAk;> NehAk;> gifAk; ,y;yhjpUg;gNj rpwe;j ehL vd;W mwpTWj;Jgth;

- ts;Sth;
408) cjpad; NruyhjDf;Fk;> Ntz;khSf;F kfdhfg; gpwe;jtd; - ,katuk;gd;

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neLQ;Nruyhjd;
409) ,kakiytiu gilnaLj;Jr; nrd;W> ntw;wp ngw;W ,kaj;jpy; tpy;ypidg;
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nghwpj;jtd; - ,katuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd;
410) jkpopd; rpwg;ig cyfwpar; nra;jtd; - ,katuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd;
411) flk;gh;fis ntd;W jd; tPuh;fSf;F ftrkhf tpsq;fpatd; -
neLQ;Nruyhjd;
412) fhj;jw; rpwg;igAk;> nfhilr; rpwg;igAk; cila ehL - Nruyhjd; ehL
413) Nruyhjidg; Gfo;e;J ,uz;lhk; gj;jpy; ghly; ,aw;wpatu;
- Fkl;^h;f; fz;zdhh;
414) gjpw;Wg;gj;J ghly; cs;s jpiz - ghlhz; jpiz
415) gjpw;Wg;gj;J ghly; cs;s Jiw - nre;Jiwg; ghlhz; ghl;L
416) gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; cs;s tz;zk; - xOF tz;zk;
417) ghlhz;jpiziff;fpisf;Fg; GwdhFk;
418) Mz;kfdpd; xOfyhWfisf; $WtJ - ghlhz; jpiz
419) ,aw;iftifahd; ,ad;w kf;fisg; ghLjy; - nre;Jiwg; ghlhz; ghl;L
420) tz;zk; vd;gJ - re;j NtWghL
421) “tz;ze; jhNk ehiyj; njd;g” vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y; -
njhy;fhg;gpak; =>nghUsjpfhuk;
422) xOfpa Xirahy; nry;tJ- xOF tz;zk;
423) “xOF tz;zk; NkhirapndhOFk;” vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;
- njhy;fhg;gpak; =>nghUsjpfhuk;
424) gjpw;Wg;gj;J ghlypy; gapd;W tUk;J}f;F - nre;J}f;F
425) nra;As; mbfis tiuaiw nra;tJ - J}f;F
426) tQ;rpg;ghtpd; ,Wjpab Nghd;Nwh> Mrphpatbapd; ,Wjp Nghd;Nwh miktJ
- nre;J}f;F

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

427) ‘tQ;rpj; J}f;Nf nre;J}f; fpaw;Nw” vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y;

- njhy;fhg;gpak; => nghUsjpfhuk;
428) gjpw;Wg;gj;Jg; ghly; gapd;W tUk; ghtpdk; - Nehpir Mrphpag;gh

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429) gjp - ehL> epiuak; - eufk;> GiuNahh; - rhd;Nwhh;> ahzh; - GJtUtha;> Vkk;
- ghJfhg;G> xbah - Fiwah
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430) gif ehl;by; Xuhz;L jq;fpg; Nghh; nra;gtd; - Nruyhjd;
431) tpohf;fs; epfOk; ehl;bw;F chpik cilatd; - Nruyhjd;
432) jd; ehl;ilAk; kf;fisAk; fz;nzdf; fhg;gtd; - Nruyhjd;
433) GJ tUtha;g; ngUf;fKk; <j;Jtf;Fk; ,d;gKk; cilatd; - Nruyhjd;
434) vl;Lj;njhifapy; mike;j Gwj;jpiz E}y;fSs; xd;W - gjpw;Wg;gj;J
435) Nrukd;dh;fs; gj;J Nghpd; rpwg;Gfis vLj;jpak;Gk; E}y; - gjpw;Wg;gj;J
436) gjpw;Wg;gj;jpy; Kjy; gj;Jk; > ,Wjpg; gj;Jk;fpilf;ftpy;iy
437) xt;nthU ghlypd; gpd;Dk; Jiw> tz;zk;> J}f;F ,lk; ngw;w E}y;
- gjpw;Wg;gj;J
438) gjpw;Wg;gj;Jg; ghly; cs;s jiyg;G - epiwa nts;sk;
439) Nruyhjdpd; gil tPuh; gifth; Kd;epiua ghyiug; Nghyg; gil nts;skhf
epd;wjhy; “epiua nts;sk;”vd;w jiyg;G jug;gl;lJ.
440) epiua ghyh; vd;why; - eufj;J tPuh;fs;
441) ,uz;lhk; gj;jpd; ghlLilj; jiytd; - ,katuk;gd; neLQ;Nruyhjd;
442) neLQ;Neuyhjidg; ghbatu; - Fkl;^h; fz;zdhh;
443) ck;gw;fhl;by; 500 Ch;fisAk; njd;dhl;L tUthAs; ghjpiaAk; ghprhfg;
ngw;wth; - Fkl;^h; fz;zdhh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; -9 nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT

[g;ghdpa i`f;$

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444) Xtpaj;Jf;F xg;ghdJ -i`f;$
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445) tha; jpwe;J Ngrhj Xtpankd epd;W fhl;rpapd; nghUis tpsf;FtJ

- i`f;$
446) n[d; ciufspd; ,yf;fpag; ghq;fpidj; jd;Ds; nfhz;lJ- i`f;$

447) Xh; moF NghdhYk; kw;nwhU moF mjd; ,lj;ij epug;Gk; vd;W $wpath; -

Nkhh;lhNf
448) jdpikAk; mikjpAk;- ghN\h

449) rJuq;f tpisahl;by; mjpfhuq;fs; ngWk; fha;fs; ngl;bf;Fs; te;j gpd;

rkkhfpd;wd-,];]h

fhtpak;- Mrphpah;- gpukps;

450) ,wFfspd; njhFjp- rpwF

451) fhw;wpd; jPuhj jOty;fshy; kz;zpy; tPohJ vOtJ- rpwFfs;

452) fhtpaj;Jf;fhd nghJthd ghLnghUs;- tho;T

453) gpukps; vd;w ngahpy; vOjpath;- rptuhkypq;fk;

454) gpukps; vq;F gpwe;jth;- ,yq;if

455) gpukps; vOjpa Gidngah;fs;- ghD re;jpud;> mDg; rptuhk;> jUK

rptuhk;

456) gpukps; vOjpa rpWfijj; njhFg;G- yq;fhGhp uh[h

457) gpukps; vOjpa ehlfk;- e~j;jputhrp

458) gpukps; vOjpa fl;Liuj; njhFg;G- ntapYk; epoYk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

njhiye;J Nghdth;fs;

459) njhiye;J Nghdth;fs; ftpijapd; Mrphpah;- mg;Jy; uFkhd;

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460) khDl rKjhaj;jpd; tpopfs; xspapoe;J fplg;gijj; jk; ftpijahy; czh;j;Jk;
ftpQh;- mg;Jy; uFkhd;
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461) njhiye;J Nghdth;fs; ftpijapd; ghtif- rpe;J
462) elf;fhjij ele;jjhff; fUjpf; nfhz;L khiaapy; thOk; kf;fs; gw;wpr;
nrhy;Yk; ftpij- njhiye;J Nghdth;fs;
463) GJf;ftpij> trdftpij> kuGf;ftpij vd;W gy tbtq;fspy; vOjpath;
- mg;Jy; uFkhd;
464) kuGf;ftpijapy; Nth; ghh;j;jth;; > GJf;ftpijapy; kyh; ghh;j;jth;
- mg;Jy; uFkhd;
465) thzpak;ghb ,];yhkpaf; fy;Y}hpapy; jkpo;g; Nguhrphpah;- mg;Jy; uFkhd;
466) thdk;ghbf; ftpQh;fspy; xUth;- mg;Jy; uFkhd;
467) mg;Jy; uFkhd; vOjpa E}y;fs;- ghy; tPjp> Neah; tpUg;gk;> gpj;jd;>
Myhgid
468) mg;Jy; uFkhd; ngw;w tpUJ- ghujpjhrd; tpUJ
469) jkpo;g; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; jkpod;id tpUJ ngw;wth;-mg;Jy; uFkhd;
470) mg;Jy; uFkhd; rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkp tpUJ ngw;w E}y;- Myhgid
471) njhiye;J Nghdth;fs; ftpij ,lk; ngw;w E}y;- Rl;L tpuy;
472) Mg;fhdp];jhdpy; 1207 ,y; gpwe;jth;- nksyhdh&kp
473) Md;k Qhdpahf khwp R‡gp gphpitj; jOtpath;- nksyhdh&kp
474) k];dtp vd;w cyfg; Gfo; ngw;w ghurPf Qhd fhtpak; vOjpath;
-nksyhdh &kp
475) k];dtp vd;w ghurPf fhtpaj;ijg; gw;wp vOjpath;- mg;Jy; uFkhd;
476) Gy;yhq;Foiy Md;khthf FwpaPL nra;J ftpij vOjpath; -
nksyhdh&kp
477) Gy;yhq;Foiy Md;khthf FwpaPL nra;j ftpij- k];dtp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

478) Md;khitg; Nghh;> nghwhik> G+ry;> mfe;ij> fs;sk;> fglk;> Nguhir> rpdk;>
fhkk; epiwe;j rlTyFf;F mDg;gpdhy; mJ mohky; vd;d nra;Ak; vd;W
tpsf;fpath;- mg;Jy; uFkhd;

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tpy;yp ghujk;
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479) tpy;yp ghujj;ij vOjpath; - tpy;ypGj;J}uhh;
480) jj;Jtk; mwTzh;itAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; vd;W $Wk; E}y;- tpy;ypghujk;
481) ,Ul;bypUe;J ntspr;rj;jpw;Fk;>ngha;apypUe;J cz;ikf;Fk;>kuzj;jpypUe;J
,wthikf;Fk; ehk; nry;y topfhl;Lk; E}y; - kfhghujk;
482) kfhghujj;jpy; tUk; ehafh;fspy; ,wthg;GfOilath; - fh;zd; (fd;dd;)
483) jhahy; te;j Jauj;ijAk; jh;kj;jhy; ntd;wtd; - fh;zd;; (fd;dd;)
484) mwkw;w NghhpYk; nrhQ;Nrhw;Wf; fld; jPh;j;J mwk; fhj;jtd; -
fh;zd;; (fd;dd;)
485) ghz;lth;fSf;Fj; jiytd; - jUkd;
486) nfsuth;fSf;Fj; jiytd; - JhpNahjdd;
487) ghujg; Nghh; ahh; ahUf;F eilngw;wJ - ghz;lth; - nfsuth;
488) ghujg; Nghhpy; JhpNahjDf;fhf jPuj;Jld; Nghh; nra;jth;
- fh;zd; (fd;dd;)
489) fz;zdpd; je;jpuj;jhy; mh;r;Rzd; tpy;Yg;gl;Lf; fh;zd; (fd;dd;)
Njh;r;rf;fuj;jpy; rha;e;j ehs; 17MtJ ehs; Nghhpy;
490) fh;zd; ,wthky; ,Ue;jjw;Ff; fhuzk; - jh;kk; nra;jJ
491) fh;zdpd; <ifapd; gaidg; gwpf;fj; jPh;khdpj;j fz;zd; te;j tbtk;
-Ntjpah; tbtk;
492) juq;fk; - fly; >ftdk; - Ntfk;>Jufjk; -Fjpiu>tprad; - mUr;Rzd; >
ehd;kiw - ehd;F Ntjq;fs;>mad; - gpukd;>vopyp VW - Nghpb>mTzd;
- muf;fd;>(khtyp rf;futh;j;jp)> ky;yy; - tsik>njhilay; - khiy>
#ud;khkjiy- fjputd; kfd;cw;gtk; - gpwtp
493) ehd;F Ntjj;jtd; - fz;zd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

494) “epd; Gz;zpak; midj;Jk; vdf;F mspj;J cjTk; “ vd;whd; ahh; ahhplk;
$wpaJfz;zd; - fh;zdplk; (fd;dd;)
495) khtypr; rf;futh;j;jpaplk; thkddha; te;J %d;wb kz; jhdk; ngw;W

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%d;wbahy; %Tyfj;ijAk; fth;e;jth; - fz;zd;
496) thkd mtjhuk; vLj;jth; - fz;zd;
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497) ‘ gpwtpj; Jd;gq;fSf;Ff; fhuzkhd jP tpidahy; ,d;Dk; gpwtpnaLj;jhYk;
vOgpwg;gpYk; ,y;iynad;W ,ug;Nghh;f;F ,y;iynad;W ciuahj cs;sk;
mspg;gha; vd;W Nfl;ltd; fh;zd;(fd;dd;) - fz;zdplk;
498) cyfpYs;s goikahd nkhopfspy; ,jpfhrq;fSk;>fhg;gpaq;fSk;
Njhd;wpAs;sd.
499) ,e;jpahtpy; tlnkhopapy;(rk];fpUjk;) vOjg;gl;l ,jpfhrq;fs;
- kfhghujk;>,uhkhazk;
500) jkpopy; Njhd;wpaJ- fk;guhkhazk;>tpy;ypghujk;
501) fpNuf;f nkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l ,jpfhrq;fs;- N`hkhpd; ,ypal;>xbrp
502) jkpopy; vOjg;gl;l Kjy; ,U fhg;gpaq;fs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;>kzpNkfiy
503) ngz;ikf;F Kjd;ik jUfpd;w fhg;gpaq;fs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;>kzpNkfiy
504) gpwnkhop ,jpfhrq;fs;>Nghhpid Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpg; NgRk;>
jkpo;f;fhg;gpaq;fs;>NghUf;F Kjd;ik nfhLf;ftpy;iy
505) jkpopYk;>tlnkhopapYk; Gyik ngw;wtuhfj; jpfo;e;jth; - tpy;ypGj;J}uhh;
506) tlnkhopapy; kfhghujj;ij vOjpath; - tpahrh;
507) kfhghujj;ij jkpopy; jOtp vOjg;gl;lJ - tpy;ypghujk;
508) tf;fghif vd;Dkplj;ij Mz;l kd;dd; - tugjp Ml;nfhz;lhd;
509) tpy;ypGj;J}uhiu Mjhpj;j kd;dd; - tugjp Ml;nfhz;lhd;
510) tpy;ypghujk; nkhj;jk; vj;jid gUtq;fs; - 10 gUtq;fs;
511) tpy;ypghujk; njhlf;fk; KbT - Mjp gUtk; Kjy; nrsg;jpf gUtk; tiu
512) tpUj;jg;ghthy; MdJ - tpy;ypghujk;
513) tpy;ypghujj;jpd; nkhj;j ghly;fs; - 4351
514) tpy;ypghujj;jpy; cdf;Fg; ghlg;gFjp - fd;d gUtk; (fh;zd;)

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 10 ahiuAk; kjpj;J tho;

xt;nthU Gy;iyAk;

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515) xt;nthU Gy;iyAk; Mrphpah; - ,d;Fyhg;
516) ”fhf;if FUtp vq;fs; rhjp” vd;W $wpath;- kfhftp ghujpahh;
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517) “Fapy; $Tk;> fhfk; fiuAk;”$Tk; FapYk;>fiuAk; fhfKk; tphpAk; vd;W
fpisfspy; milAk; vd;W Fuyhf xypg;gJ - ,d;Fyhg;
518) jk; vOj;Jf;fs; vspa kf;fSf;fhdit vd;Dk; cWjpAld; vz;zk;> nrhy;> nray;
vd;w %tifapy; epd;W tho;e;jth; - ,d;Fyhg;
519) mth; ngah; nrhy;yp miof;f Mirg;gl;l ftpij – xt;nthU Gy;Yk;
520) kdpjk; vd;nwhU ghliy ,irg;Ngd; - ,d;Fyhg;
521) ,d;Fyhg; ,aw;ngah; - rhFy; mkPJ
522) ,d;Fyhg; cila ftpijj; njhFg;G – xt;nthU Gy;iyAk; ngah;
nrhy;ypmiog;Ngd;
523) kuzj;Jf;Fg; gpwF mtUila cly; mth; tpUk;gpa gb nrq;if muR
kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hpf;Ff; nfhilaspf;fg;gl;lJ - ,d;Fyhg; cly;

kNdhd;kzPak;

524) kNdhd;kzPak; E}ypd; Mrphpah; - ng.Re;juk;gps;is

525) 19-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; gpw;gFjpapy; Njhd;wpaJ - kNdhd;kzPak;
526) nkhopg;gw;iwAk;> ehl;Lg;gw;iwAk; tPu czh;itAk; Cl;Ltjhf jpfo;tJ
- kNdhd;kzPak;
527) jkpod;id ngw;w ey; mzpfyd; - kNdhd;kzPak;
528) ehlfj; Jiwf;Fj; jkpopy; E}y;fs; ,y;iyNa vd;w Fiwapidj; jPh;ff te;j
ehlf E}y; - kNdhd;kzPak;
529) fhg;gpa ,yf;fzk; KOJk; epuk;gpa E}yhf fUjg;gLtJ - kNdhd;kzPak;
530) ,aw;ifapy; <LghL nfhz;L ,izapy;yhj ,d;gKk; mikjpAk; ngw;wth;fs; -
jkpoh;fs;
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

531) Ruq;fk; mikf;Fk; gzpia eluh[Df;F mspj;jth; - Re;ju Kdpth;

532) fbefh; - fhty; cila efuk;> g+k;guhfk; - g+tpy; cs;s kfue;jk;> MR ,yh –
Fw;wk;> Njhl;b – Jwl;b> mak;- ML>Fjpiu

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533) rPhpa Jsp – Ez;zpa kzy;> rpWfhy; - tha;ff
; hy;> guy; - fy;> Ke;ePh;kL
– flyhfpa ePh; epiy> mz;lNahdp – QhapW> fhL – gha;> vopyp – Nkfk;
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534) ehq;$o;g;GO – kz;GO> ghL – ciog;G> Ntjpj;J – khw;wp
535) jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;J ,lk;ngw;w E}y; - kNdhd;kzPak;
536) jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;J vOjpath; - ng. Re;juk;gps;is
537) jkpo; ehlf ,yf;fz E}y;fs; -
1. mfj;jpak; 2. FzE}y; 3. $j;jE}y; 4. re;jk;
5. rae;jk; 6. nrad;Kiw 7.nrapw;wpak; 8.KWty;
9.kjpthzdhh; ehlf ,yf;fz E}y; 10.ehlftpay;

538) jkpopd; Kjy; gh tbt ehlf E}y; - kNdhd;kzPak;

539) 1866-,y;‘,ufrpa top” (The Secret Way) vd;Dk; E}iy vOjpath; -
ypl;ld; gpuG
540) 1866-,y; ‘,ufrpa top” (The Secret Way) vd;Dk; E}iyj; jOtp Nguhrphpah;
Re;judhh; ,irj; jkpopy; vOjpa E}y; - kNdhd;kzPak;
541) kNdhd;kzPak; vt;tifg; ghthy; mike;Js;sJ – Mrphpag;gh
542) kNdhd;kzPak; Ie;J mq;fq;fisAk;>,UgJ fsq;fisAk; nfhz;lJ
543) E}ypd; njhlf;fj;jpy; flTs; tho;j;Jld; jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;Jk; ,lk; ngw;w E}y; -
kNdhd;kzPak;
544) kNdhd;kzPaj;jpy; cs;s fpisf; fij – rptfhkpapd; rhpjk;
545) Nguhrphpah; Re;judhh; jpUtpjhq;$hpy; cs;s Myg;Gioapy; 1855 ,y;
gpwe;jhh;
546) jpUtde;jGuk; muRf; fy;Y}hpapy; jj;Jtg; Nguhrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath;
- Nguhrphpah; Re;judhh;
547) Nguhrphpah; Re;judhUf;F nrd;idg; gy;fiyf; fofk; toq;fpa gl;lk;
- uht; gfJ}h;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

548) Nguhrphpah; Re;judhUf;Fg; ngUik Nrh;f;f jkpof muR epWtpaJ –

kNdhd;kzPak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf; fofk;
549) kNdhd;kzPak; Re;judhh; gy;fiyf; fofk; cs;s khtl;lk; - jpUney;Ntyp

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550) ehq;$o;g;GO njhlh;Gilath; - eluhrd;
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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,yf;fzk;;
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kh.uNk\; > vk;. V.> gp. vl;.> vk;/gpy;.>
nel;> nrl;> nll;.>
KJfiy Mrphpah; (jkpo;)
muR Nky;epiyg; gs;sp>
nrd;dk;gl;b – 638 504
me;jpa+h; (tl;lk;)
<NuhL (khtl;lk;)

nry; - 97 50 37 98 82 Mail ID – [email protected]

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 1 nkhop Kjy;> ,Wjp vOj;Jfs;

1) nrhw;fs; vjdhy; Mdit – vOj;njhypfshy;

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2) nrhw; Gzh;r;rpapy; vt;tif vOj;Jfs; re;jpf;fpd;wd – Kjy; nrhy;ypd;
,Wjp vOj;Jk;> Kjy; nrhy;ypd; Kjy; vOj;Jk;
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3) fhtphp> lkhuk;>nwf;if> ghujp> uhf;fp> Nfhij> lg;gh Nghd;w nrhw;fspy; vit
jkpo;r; nrhw;fs; - fhtphp> Nfhij
4) nkhop Kjy; vOj;Jfs; - 22
5) capnuOj;Jfs; gd;dpuz;Lk; nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; tUk;
m>M> ,><> c>C> v>V>x>X> xs
6) nka;naOj;Jfs; Kjypy; tUk; vOj;Jfs; -
f>q>r>Q>j>e>g>k>a>t
7) Ma;j vOj;J nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; tuhJ – / (Ma;j vOj;J)
8) Rl;nlOj;Jfs; - m>,>c
9) tpdh vOj;Jfs; - v> ah> M> X> V ,jpy;-
v> ah - nrhy;ypw;F Kjypy; tUk;
M> X - <w;wpy; tUk;
V - ,uz;L ,lj;jpYk; tUk;
10) jw;NghJ jkpofj;jpy; tof;fpy; ,y;yhj nrhy; - cq;qdk; ,d;Dk; cq;F cq;qdk;
vd;w nrhw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp tUgth;;fs; - ,yq;ifj;jkpoh;
11) nkhop ,Wjp vOj;Jfs; - 24
12) capnuOj;Jfs; -12 nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; -m> M. ,> <> c> C> v> V> I> x>
X> xs
13) nka;naOj;Jfs; - 11nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk; -Q;> z;> e;> k;> d;> a;> h;> y;> t;> o;>
s;
14) Fw;wpaYfuk; - nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUk;
15) nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tuhj nrhw;fs; -

f;> r;> l;> j;> g;> w; - ty;ypd nka; MW - q; nky;ypdk; tuhJ

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

16) ,uz;L nrhw;fspd; Nrh;fi

; ff;F vLj;Jfhl;L jUf.
jkpo;+murp = jkpourp ehL+gz; = ehl;Lg;gz;
17) nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; epw;Fk; nrhy; - epiynkhop

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mjNdhL te;J NrUk; nrhy; - tUnkhop
18) epiynkhopAk;> tUnkhopAk; ,iztJ - Gzh;r;rp
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19) epiynkhopapd; ,Wjp vOj;J caph;nka;ahf ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; ,Wjpapy; epw;Fk;
tbtk; caph; vd;gjhy; - mJ caphPW vdg;gLk;
20) caphPW vLj;Jfhl;L jUf.
kzpkhiy - kzp + khiy
z; + ,= zp z; - caph;nka; , - caph; tbtk;
21) epiynkhopapd; ,Wjp vOj;J nka;ahf ,Ue;jhy; mJ - nka;aPW vdg;gLk;
22) nka;aPW vLj;Jfhl;L jUf.
nghd;tz;L - nghd; + tz;L
d; - epiynkhop ,Wjp vOj;J
23) caph; Kjy; vOj;Jf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.
thioapiy – thio + ,iy
(tUnkhopapd; KjnyOj;J capnuOj;jhf ,Ue;jhy; )
,- tUnkhop (caph; vOj;J)
24) nka;k; Kjy; vOj;Jf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.
tUnkhopapd; Kjy; vOj;J caph;nka;ahf ,Ue;jhYk; mjd; Kjypy; epw;Fk;
tbtk; ‘nka;” vd;gjhy; mJ ‘nka;k;Kjy;” vdg;gLk;
jkpo; epyk; - jkpo; + epyk; (ep – tUnkhop Kjy;)
e; + ,= ep (e; - Kjypy; epw;Fk; tbtk; nka;)
25) nrhw;Gzh;r;rpapy; epiynkhop ,Wjp vOj;jhfTk;> tUnkhop KjnyOj;jhfTk;
vOj;Jfs; re;jpf;Fk; Kiwia vj;jid tpjkhfg; gphpf;fyhk ;- ehd;F
26) vOj;Jfsps; mbg;gilapy; Gzh;r;rpf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;Lj; jUf.
❖ kiyaUtp- kiy+ mUtp
epiynkhop tUnkhop I +m= caph; + caph;
<w;nwOj;J KjnyOj;J y; + m= iy + m

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

❖ jkpod;id - jopo; + md;id

epiynkhop <w;nwOj;J – o; -nka; o; + m= nka; + caph;
tUnkhop KjnyOj;J – m – caph;

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❖ njd;id kuk; - njd;id + kuk;

epiynkhop <w;nwOj;J - id - d; + I I + k; - caph; + nka;

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tUnkhop KjnyOj;J - k - k; + m

❖ Njd;kio - Njd; + kio

epiynkhop <w;nwOj;J - d; d; + k; - nka; + nka;

tUnkhop KjnyOj;J - k

27) <w;nwOj;J > KjnyOj;J ehd;F tif

1. caph; + caph;

2. nka; + caph;

3. caph; + nka;

4. nka; + nka;

28) ,yf;fz tifahy; nrhw;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk; - ehd;F

1)ngah;r; nrhy; 2)tpidr; nrhy; 3),ilr; nrhy; 4)chpr; nrhy;
29) ngaiuAk; > tpidiaAk; rhh;e;J tUk; nrhw;fs; - ,ilr;nrhy; >chpr;nrhy;
30) nrhw;fspd; mbg;gilapy; Gzh;r;rp njhlh; tif ehd;F tifg;gLk;
v. fhl;L jUf.

1. ngah;g; ngah;j; njhlh; - fdp (ngah;) + rhW (ngah;)

2. ngah; tpidj; njhlh; - jkpo; (ngah;) + gb (tpid)
3. tpid tpidj; njhlh; - ele;J (tpid) + nry; (tpid)
4. tpidg; ngah;j; njhlh; - gbj;j (tpid) + E}y; (ngah;)

31) rhh;ngOj;JfSs; Ma;jk; nrhy;ypd; KjypNyh ,WjpapNyh tuhJ

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

32) Fw;wpaYfuKk; > Fw;wpaypfuKk; nrhy;ypd; Kjypy; thuh

33) Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; tif -MW
34) Fw;wpaYfuj;jpd; MW tiffs; nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; tUfpd;wd

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35) Fw;wpaYfu <w;Wld; tUk; epiynkhop Fw;wpaYfu <W (m) Fw;wpaYfu
epiynkhop vdg;gLk;
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36) Fw;wpaYfu tiffs;:
1) neby; njhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;

tPby;iy – tPL(neby; njhlh; ) + ,y;iy l; + c

2) caph;j; njhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;

Kul;Lf;fhis – KuL + fhis l; + c

3) td;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;

mr;Rg;gyif – mr;R + gyif r; + c

4) nkd;njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;

gQ;Rg;nghjp – gQ;R+ nghjp r; + c

5) ,ilj;njhlh; Fw;wpaYfuk;

khh;Gf;$L – khh;G + $L g; + c
6) Ma;jj; njhlh;f; Fw;wpaYfuk;

v‡Ff;fk;gp - v‡F ( g; + c)+ fk;gp

,ay; - 2 khkio Nghw;WJk;

nka;k; kaf;fk;
37) nrhy;ypd; ,ilapy; nka;naOj;Jfs; mLj;jLj;J tUtJ-

nka;k; kaf;fk ; vdg;gLk;.

38) nka;k;kaf;fk; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;.

1. cldpiy nka;k;kaf;fk;

2. Ntw;Wepiy nka;k;kaf;fk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

39) nrhw;fspd; ,ilapy; xNu nka;naOj;J mLj;jLj;J

tUtJ - cldpiy nka;k; kaf;fk;.

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40) cldpiy nka;k;kaf;f vOj;Jfs; - f; > r; > j; > g; .
41) cldpiy nka;k; kaf;fj;jpw;F cjhuzk; - mr;rk; >
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vr;rk; > nkhj;jk; > rhj;jd; > mg;gk; > fg;gk;.

42) nrhy;ypd; ,ilapy; ntt;NtW nka;naOj;Jfs; njhlh;e;J

tUtJ - Ntw;Wepiy nka;k; kaf;fk;.

43) jk; thpir vOj;JfSld; kl;Lk; Nrh;e;J tuhky; gpw

nka;naOj;JfSld; kl;LNk Nrh;e;J tUk; vOj;Jfs; - u;> o;

44) Ntw;Wepiy nka;kaf;fj;jpw;F chpa vOj;Jfs; - u; > o;

45) jdpr; nrhw;fspNyh> $l;Lr; nrhw;fspNyh <nuhw;wha; tUk;

nka;fs; - a; > u; > o;

46) nka;naOj;Jfs; %d;W tifg;gLk;.

1. ty;ypdk; 2. nky;ypdk; 3. ,ilapdk;

47) nrhw;fspd; ,ilapy; nky;ypd vOj;JfSf;Fg; gpd; ty;ypd

nka;fs; kl;LNk tUtij - ,dntOj;Jfs; ( m )

el;ngOj;Jfs; vd;gh;

48) ,dntOj;JfSf;F cjhuzk;

mq;fk; - q; - f; > gQ;rk; - Q; - r; > gz;lk; - z; - l; >

te;jk; - e; - j; > fk;gk; - k; - g; > njd;wy; - d; - w;

49) zfu > efu > dfu NtWghl;bid mwpahky; vOJtjhy;

Vw;gLk; gpioia - kaq;nfhypg; gpio vd;fpNwhk;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 3 gPL ngw epy;

gFgj cWg;Gfs;

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50) jkpo; nkhopapy; nrhy;Yf;F toq;Fk; ngah;fSs; xd;W – gjk;
51) ,ilr; nrhw;fs;> chpr; nrhw;fs; gfhg; gjj;jpw;Fhpait
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52) ,yf;fz tifapy; mike;j nrhw;fs; – ehd;F
1.ngah;r; nrhy; 2. tpidr; nrhy; 3. ,ilr;nrhy; 4. chpr;nrhy;
53) ngah;r;nrhy;Yk; tpidr; nrhy;Yk; gphpf;fg;gLk; epiyapy; ,Ue;jhy; gFgjq;fs;
vd;gh;
54) gFgj cWg;Gfs; MW tifg;gLk;
gFjp> tpFj>p ,ilepiy> re;jp>rhhpia >tpfhuk;
55) xU tpidg; gFgjj;jpy; mbg;gil cWg;Gfshf ,Ug;gJ- gFjp> tpFjp
56) xU gFgjj;jpy; nghUs; jUk; cWg;Gfs;- gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy
57) nrhw; nghUisj; jUtJ – gFjp
58) ,yf;fzg; nghUz;ikfisj; jUtJ – tpFjp> ,ilepiy
59) gFjp> tpFjp> ,ilepiy %d;Wk; ,izAk; NghJ Vw;gLk; Gzh;r;rp khw;wq;fNs-
re;jp> rhhpia> tpfhuk;
60) xU nrhy;ypd; mwr;nrhy; gFjpahFk;. ,ir Kjdpiy vd;Wk; $Wthh;
61) tpFjp ngwhj Vty; tpidahf tUtJ – gFjp
62) nrhw;fspy; xw;W ,ul;bj;J fhyk; fhl;LtJ – gFjp
63) xU tpidKw;W nrhy;ypd; ,Wjpapy; epd;W jpiz>ghy;>vz;> ,lk; Mfpatw;iw
ntspg;gLj;Jk; cWg;G – tpFjp
64) tpaq;Nfhs;> njhopw;ngah;> nganur;rk;> tpidnar;rk; Nghd;w gy;NtW ,yf;fzg;
nghUz;ikfis czh;j;jTk; gad;gLj;JtJ – tpFjp
65) gFjpf;Fk;> tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; Njhd;Wk; cWg;G - ,ilepiy
66) tpidg; gFgjj;jpy; tUk; ,ilepiyiaf; fhy ,ilepiy> vjph;kiw
,ilepiy> vd ,Utifg;gLj;Jth;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

67) xU tpidg; gFgjj;jpy; gFjpf;Fk;> tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; te;J fhyk; czh;j;Jk;

cWg;G - fhy ,ilepiy (m) fhyk; fhl;Lk; ,ilepiy
68) ,we;j fhy ,ilepiyfs; - j;> l;> w;> ,d;

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epfo;fhy ,ilepiyfs; - fpW> fpd;W> Mepd;W
vjph;fhy ,ilepiyfs; - g;> t;
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vjph;kiw ,ilepiyfs; - M> My;> ,y;
69) re;jp vd;gjw;Fj; jkpopy; Gzh;r;rp vd;W ngah;
70) gFjp>tpFjp ,ilepiy Mfpa gFgj cWg;Gfs; GzUk; NghJ ,ilapy; Njhd;Wk;
cWg;G – re;jp
71) Gzh;r;rpapd; NghJ Vw;gLk; tpfhuq;fs;- Njhd;wy;> jphpjy;> nfLjy;
72) Xh; vOj;J Njhd;wy; - re;jp
73) jphpjiyAk;> nfLjiyAk; tpfhuk; vd;gh;
74) ngUk;ghYk; re;jpahf tUk; vOj;Jfs;- j;> g;> f;
75) clk;gLnka; (a;> t; ) re;jpahf tUtJz;L
76) gFgj cWg;Gfspy; mlq;fhky; VohtJ cWg;ghf tUk; Gwj;JWg;G vOj;Jg; NgW
vdg;gLk;
77) rhhpia tu Ntz;ba ,lj;jpy; Gs;sp ngw;w vOj;J caph; Vw ,lkspj;J te;jhy;
mjid; vOj;Jg; NgW vdf; Fwpg;gply; Ntz;Lk;
78) vOj;Jg; NgW fhyk; fhl;lhJ
79) gFjpNahL ,ilepiyAk;>,ilepiyNahL tpFjpAk; nghUj;jkhfr; rhh;eJ tUk;
cWg;G – rhhpia
80) ,ilepiyf;Fk; tpFjpf;Fk; ,ilapy; tUtJ – rhhpia
81) re;jp tuNtz;ba ,lj;jpy; caph;nka; vOj;J te;jhy; mJ rhhpia
82) rhhpiaf;F nghUs; ,y;iy
83) gFjp>tpFjp>,ilepiy Mfpait GzUk; NghJ mtw;wpd; tbtj;jpy; Vw;gLk;
khw;wk; - tpfhuk;
84) jkpo; Xh; xl;L epiy nkhop

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

85) nrhw;fs; Gjpjhfj; Njhd;Wtjw;F nkhopapay; El;g mbg;gilahf cs;sJ

nkhopapay; El;g mbg;gilNa gFgj cWg;Gfs;
86) xU nkhopapd; mbg;gilahd Nth;r;nrhy; - gFjp

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87) Nth;r;nrhw;fspd; tUifahy; Gjpa fiy nrhw;fis cUthf;f KbAk;
88) NtW NtW cWg;Gfis ,izj;J nrhw;fis cUthf;FtJ – tpFjp
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89) gphpj;jhYk; > Nrh;j;jhYk; nghUs; khwhjJ – tpFjp
90) nkhopapd; tsh;r;rpf;Fk; njhlh;r;rpf;Fk; ,d;wpaikahjJ gFgjj; jd;ik

,ay;-4 ,dpnahU tpjp nra;Nthk;

*Gzh;r;rp tpjpfs;

91) epiynkhop ,WjpapYk;> tUnkhop KjypYk; RUq;fr; nrhy;Yk; tiuaiwfs; -

Gzh;r;rp tpjpfs;
92) nkhopiag; gpioapd;wp ifahs> ghly;fis gphpj;jwpa> nkhop MSikia Ghpe;J
nfhs;s gad;gLtJ - Gzh;r;rp tpjpfs;
93) clk;gL nka; - a;> t; (gjpndl;L nka;fSs; clk;gL nka;fshf tUtJ
94) epiynkhopr;nrhy;ypd; ,Wjp vOj;jhf kfunka; tUk;NghJ mr;nrhy; vj;jid
epiyfspy; GzUk; - %d;W

,ay; - 5 Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk;

gilg;ghf;f cj;jpfs;
95) fUj;ijr; nrhy;ifapy; Nfl;Nghh; kdj;ij <h;fF
; k; tifapYk; nrhy;tij vspjpy;
czUk; tifapYk; $w ctikfisg; gad;gLj;jpdh; .
96) ctik tpid >gad;> tbtk;> cU vd;w ehd;fpd; mbg;gilapy; Njhd;Wk; vd;W
$Wgth; - njhy;fhg;gpah;
97) ckNkak;>ctik ctk cUG>nghJj;jd;ik ,e;j ehd;F cWg;Gfs; ctikia
mikf;fpd;wd.
98) xd;iw tpsf;fTk;>njspTgLj;jTk;>moFgLj;jTk; njhd;ikkpf;fjhf ,Ug;gJ
ctik

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

99) rq;fg; ghly;fspy; ,lk; ngWk; mzp - ctik mzp ctikahy;

ngah; ngw;w Gyth;fs; nrk;Gyg;ngay; ePuhh;> Nja;Ghpgoq;fapw;wpdhh;>
mdpyhL Kd;wpyhh;

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100) mjpakhdpd; ntw;wpg;GfioAk; > tPur;rpwg;igAk; ghba ngz;ghw; Gyth; -
xsitahh;.
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101) ; ,dpad;> gifth;f;F ,d;dhjtd; - mjpakhd;
ghprpyh;fF
102) “nksd kaf;fq;fs;”; ftpij E}ypd; Mrphpah; - rpw;gp ghyRg;gpukzpad;

103) “xg;gl
P ;Lr; nrwpTk; nghUs; mOj;jKk;” rpwf;f mikAk; nghOJ mJ
cUtfk; vdg;gLfpwJ.

104) ctk cUGfis tphpj;Jr; nrhy;tij tpl njhFj;Jk;> RUf;fpAk; nrhy;tjpy;

Mw;wYk; moFk; ,dpikAk; ,Ug;gJ - ctk cUG
105) ctikAk; ctkpf;fg;gLk; nghUisAk; NtWgLj;jhky; ,uz;Lk; xd;Nw vdf;
$WtJ - cUtfk;
106) cUtfj; njhlhpy; ctNkak; Kd;Dk; ctik gpd;Dk; mikAk;
107) ctikapd; nrwpthh;e;j tbtk; - cUtfk;
108) jP Nghy; rpdk; vd;gijr; rpdk; jP vd;ghh; - ghujpahh;
109) “fz;zk;kh vd; fhjyp “ vd;w ftpij Mrphpah; - ghujpahh;
110) cUtfj;jpd; tiffs; - tpid> cUtfk;> gad; cUtfk;> tbt cUtfk;>
cU(epwk;)
111) tpid cUtfj;jpw;F cjhuzk; - vz;ztiy gpd;Dk; %isr; rpye;jp
112) gad; cUtfj;jpw;F cjhuzk; - MNtrg; Gay;fshYk; mirf;fKbahj
Mfhrg; G+
113) tbt(nka;) cUtfj;jpw;F cjhuzk; - kiyf;fpotpapd; eiuj;j $e;jy;
114) ctikapd; tiffs; - tpid(njhopy;)gad;> tbtk;(nka;) > cU (epwk;)
115) tpid (njhopy;) ctik cjhuzk; - Gyp Nghyg; gha;e;jhd;
116) gad; ctik cjhuzk; - kio Nghyf; nfhLf;Fk; if.
117) tbtk; (nka;) ctik cjhuzk; - Jb NghYk; ,il

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

118) cU (epwk;) ctik cjhuzk; jsph; NghYk; Nkdp

119) ftpQh; jhd; $wf; fUjpag; nghUis ntspg;gilahf $whky; mfkhe;jhpd; kd
czh;Tfisf; fUg;nghUs;fs; %yk; ctikg;gLj;jpdhy;- cs;Siw ctkk;

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vd;gh;
120) jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpw;Nf chpa xg;gw;w newp - cs;Siw ctkk;
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121) jiytd; - jiytpapd; vz;zq;fis kiwj;Jf; $Wtjw;fhf mikj;Jf;
nfhs;Sk; tbtk; - cs;Siw ctkk;
122) fhl;rp ,aw;if Gide;Jiufshf epd;W tplhky;> khe;jh;fspd; czh;Tfspd;
Fwpg;Gg; nghUshf tpsq;FtJ - cs;Siw ctkk;
123) ftpijfspy; cs;s Fwpg;Gg; nghUs ; fhyk; fle;J epw;Fk; Mw;wy; cilaJ
124) fUg;nghUs; nfhz;L tpsf;fg;gLk; Fwpg;Gg;nghUs; - cs;Siw ctkk;
125) jkpopyf;fpaj;jpd; Nehpa> ,dpa ehfhpfj;jpd; top - cs;Siw ctkk;
126) cs;Siw ctkj;jpw;F ahUila ghly; cjhuzkhf jug;gl;Ls;sd -
ngUq;Fd;W}h; fpohh;
127) tpid> gad; Nghd;w mbg;gilfspy; Njhd;WtJ - cs;Siw
128) FwpaPLfisf; nfhz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lJ - cs;Siw
129) jiytd; - fub > jiytp - ghk;G> ngUq;Fd;W}h;f;fpohh; fhl;Lk;
FwpaPLfshy; mikj;J cs;Siw ctik cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ..
130) mfg;ghly;fspy; tUfpd;w kw;nwhU cj;jp- ,iwr;rp
131) ,iwr;rpAk; Fwpg;Gg; nghUspy; jhd; tUk;
132) ,Wj;jy; vd;why; jq;Fjy; vdg; nghUs;gLk;
133) chpg;nghUNshL Nehpilj; njhlh;gpy;yhj Fwpg;Gg; nghUNs ,iwr;rp MFk;
134) tlnkhopapdh; Fwpg;gpLk; - njhdpf;F ,izahdJ ,iwr;rp
135) mfg;ghly;fspYk;> Gwg;ghly;fspYk; tUtJ njhdp> Mdhy; ,iwr;rp
mfg;ghlypy; kl;LNk tUk;
136) Fwpg;Gg; nghUs; - ,iwr;rp
137) chpg;nghUspd; Gwj;Nj epd;W mjd; fUj;ij NkYk; rpwg;gpf;fg; gad;gLtJ –
,iwr;rp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

138) jiytdpd; nraiyf; fz;bg;gjw;Fk; >vs;sp eifahLtjw;Fk; tUj;jj;ij

ntspg;gLj;jTk; jpUkzj;ij typAWj;jTk; ,iwr;rp cj;jp gad;gLfpwJ.
139) ftpQh; njhpahj nghUs; xd;iwj; njspthf tpsf;Ftjw;Fj; njhpe;j nghUis

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ctikahfg; gad;gLj;Jth;
140) ntspg;gilahfg; nghUs; $wpdhy; ctik >ctikf;Fs; kw;nwhU nghUisf;
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Fwpg;ghf czh;j;jpdhy; cs;Siw ctik> Fwpg;Gg; nghUSf;Fs; NkYk;
xUFwpg;Gg; nghUs; mike;jpUf;Fkhdhy; mjw;F ,iwr;rp vd;W ngah; .
141) ftpijg; nghUNshL Nrh;j;Jf; fhzg;gLtJ - cs;Siw ctkk;.
142) ftpijg; nghUspd; Gwj;Nj Fwpg;Gg; nghUshy; ntspg;gLtJ - ,iwr;rp
143) jiytpf;F jq;ifahf $wg;gLk; kuk; - Gd;id kuk;

,ay; - 6 gh ,aw;wg; gofyhk;

144) gh> nra;As;> J}f;F> ftp> ftpij> ghl;L Mfpa nrhw;fs; xNu nghUspy;
tUtd
145) vOj;J> mir> rPh;> jis> mb> njhil – nra;As; cWg;Gfs;
146) ghf;fspd; tiffs;> Xirfs;> ghf;fs; ,aw;Wtjw;Fhpa tpjpKiwfs;
Kjypatw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jk; E}y; - ahg;gUq;fyf; fhhpif
147) ahg;G vd;Dk; fliyf; flf;f cjTk; E}y; - ahg;gUq;fyf; fhhpif
148) jkpo;r; nra;As; tbtq;fs; ngUk;ghYk; ,iria mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lit
149) jkpo;r; nra;Ais nkUNfw;WtJ – Xir
150) nra;ASf;F NkYk; moF Nrh;g;gJ – Xir
151) gh tiffs; - 1. ntz;gh 2. Mrphpag;gh 3. fypg;gh 4. tQ;rpg;gh
152) ntz;ghTf;Fhpa Xir – nrg;gNyhir
153) Mrphpag;ghTf;Fhpa Xir – mftNyhir
154) fypg;ghTf;Fhpa Xir – Js;sNyhir
155) tQ;rpg;ghTf;Fhpa Xir – J}q;fNyhir

156) nra;Aspy; ,iria gpizg;gJ – Nkhid> vJif> ,iaG

157) mbfs; tiuaiu nra;ag;gLtJ vjd; mbg;gilapy; - rPh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

158) Fwsb ,uz;L rPhf

; s;
rpe;jb %d;W rPh;fs;
mstb ehd;F rPh;fs;

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rPhf
; shf tUtJ
nebyb Ie;J rPh;fs; ftpijapd; tbtkhFk;
fopnebyb MW mjw;F Nkw;gl;l rPh;fs;
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159) gh ,aw;Wtjw;Fhpa vspa tbtk; - Mrphpag;gh
160) mftNyhir ngw;wjhy; Mrphpag;ghit – mftw;gh vd;Wk; $Wth;
161) ngUk;ghYk; ,uz;L mirfshy; miktJ – Mrphpag;gh
162) rq;ffhyj; jkpopy; kpFjpahf cs;s ghly;fs; ve;j ghf;fshy; MdJ –
Mrphpag;gh
163) ahg;gpy; vOj;J miria mikf;f cjTk;
164) ,ir vd;why; - khj;jpiu
165) mir vd;gJ ,ir(khj;jpiu) Nrh;e;J tUtjhFk;
166) mir Neh;> epiu vd ,Utifahf mikAk; - ghh;
167) epiuair ,UFwpy; ,ize;J tUjy; - mf
,UFwpy; ,ize;J xw;Wld; tUjy; - mfk;

Fwpy;neby; ,ize;J tUjy; - fyh

168) Fwpy;neby; ,ize;J xw;Wld; tUjy; - Neuir Fwpy; jdpj;J tUjy; - f

Fwpy; xd;Wld; tUjy; - fz;

neby; jdpj;J tUjy; - gh

neby; xw;Wld; tUjy; - fyhk;

169) mirfs; Nrh;eJ mike;jhy; gpwg;gJ – rPh;

170) Mrphpag;ghtpw;F chpa rPh; - ,aw;rPh;
171) ,aw;rPhpd; NtW ngah; - Mrphpa chpr;rPh;
172) NehPwW ; s; - Njkh> Gspkh
; <uirr; rPhf
173) NehPwW ; s; - fUtpsk;> $tpsk;
; <uirr; rPhf
174) Mrphpa chpr;rPh; vj;jid tifg;gLk; - ehd;F

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

175) khKd; Neh; xd;wp te;jhy; - Nenuhd;whrphpaj; jis

176) tpsKd; epiu xd;wp te;jhy; - epiunahd;whrphpaj; jis
Mrphpag;ghtpw;Fhpa Xir – mftNyhir

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177)
178) ; s; tUtJ – Mrphpag;gh
vy;yh mbfSk; ehd;F rPhf
179) ,aw;rPh; kpFe;Jk; gpwrPh; fye;Jk; tUtJ – Mrphpag;gh
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180) Mrphpag;ghtpd; ,dq;fs; - Mrphpaj;jhopir> Mrphpaj;Jiw> Mrphpa tpUj;jk;
181) Mrphpag;ghtpd; ,dq;fSs; xd;W tpUj;jk;
182) XubAs; miu mbf;F xU tpsr;rPUk; - ,Ukhr;rPh; tUtd – mWrPh;
fopnebyb MrphpatpUj;jk;

183) XubAs; miu mbf;F ,U khr;rPUk; xU fha;r;rPh; tUtd - mWrPh;

fopnebyb MrphpatpUj;jk;

184) XubAs; ehd;F fha;r;rPUk; ,U khr;rPh; tUtd - mWrPh; fopnebyb

MrphpatpUj;jk;
,ay; - 7 gy;fiy epWT

fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk;

185) jfty; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; - Website, blog

186) gs;spapd; ,iza ,jOf;fhf mfuhjpapayhsh; nropad; mth;fSld; Neh;fhdy;
elj;jpath;fs; - Kj;J> jkpo;f;fdy;

187) Cellphone – ifg;Ngrp> nry;yplg;Ngrp> miyNgrp Nghd;w nrhw;fs;

gad;ghl;by; cs;sd.
188) nrhw;fis cUthf;fpf; nfhs;Sk; Kiwf;F – fiyr;nrhy;yhf;fk; vd;W
ngah;
189) xU nkhopapy; fhyj;jpw;Nfw;g Jiw rhh;e;j Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;fhf cUthf;fpg;
gad;gLj;Jk; nrhw;fisf; - fiyr;nrhw;fs; vd;fpNwhk;
190) xU nkhop Gjpa Gjpa fiyr;nrhw;fis vt;thW cUthf;f KbAk; -
Nth;r;nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

191) Website - ,izak;>blog – tiyg;G+

192) fiyr;nrhw;fs; ngUk;ghYk; - fhuzg;ngah;fshfNt ,Uf;Fk;

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193) nghUs; njhpahj nrhw;fSf;F nghUs; $WtJ – mfuhjp
194) kUj;Jtf; fiyr;nrhw;fs;
kUj;Jtkid - Clinic
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FUjpg;gphpT - Blood Group
kUe;jhSeh; - compounder

CLfjph; - X - Ray

Flw;fha;r;ry; - Typhoid
Fspk;G -Oinment

195) fy;tp rhh;e;j fiyr;nrhw;fs;

vOJ Rtb - Note Book
tpilr;Rtb -Answer Book
Fwpg;Gr;Rtb -Rough Note Book
tpsf;fr;Rtb -Prospectus

196)
,-nkapy; -kpd;dQ;ry;

];khh;l;‡Nghd; -jpwd;Ngrp
tpz;Nlh]; 10 -rhsuk; 10
8G -8 Mk; jiyKiw
fiyr;nrhw;fs; jkpopy; cs;sd

197) Mq;fpyr; nrhw;fSf;fhd jkpo;r;nrhw;fs;

Smart Phone jpwd;Ngrp
Touch Screen njhLjpiu

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

Bug gpio
Gazette murpjo;
mDg;Gif

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Desppatch
Subsidy khdpak;
Ceilling cr;rtuk;G
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Circular Rw;wwpf;if
Subjunior kpf ,isNahh;
Super Senior Nky; %j;Njhh;`
Carrom ehyhq;Fop Ml;lk;
Sales Tax tpw;gid thp
Customer thbf;ifahsh;
Consumer Efh;Nthh;
Account gw;W tuTf; fzf;F
Referee eLth;

198) GjpJ Gjpjhd fz;Lgpbg;GfSf;F toptFg;gJ – jha;nkhopr; rpe;jid

199) mwptpay; njhopy;El;g ghlq;fis jha;nkhop topapy; fw;gth;fs; - [g;ghdpah;fs;
200) Gjpa nrhw;fs; cUthFk;NghJ mjw;fhd fiyr;nrhy;iy jdJ jha; nkhopapy;
cUthf;Fgth;fs; - [g;ghdpah;fs;
201) mwptpay; fiyr;nrhw;fis jkpohf;Ftjpy; cs;s Kiwfs; Fwpj;J mwptpay;
mwpQh; - th.nr.Foe;ijrhkp gpd;tUkhW Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;
202) goe;jkpopyf;fpar; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;Jjy; - tytd; (PIOLET)
203) Ngr;R nkhopr; nrhy;iyg; gad;gLj;Jjy; - mk;ik
204) gpw nkhopr;nrhy;ypidf; fld; ngwy; - jrk Kiw (DECIMAL)
205) GJr; nrhy; gilj;jy; - %yf;$W (MOLICULE)
206) cyf tof;if Vw;Wf;nfhs;sy; - vf;]; fjph; (X-RAY)
207) gpwnkhopj;Jiwr; nrhw;fis nkhop ngah;j;jy; - xspr;Nrh;f;if
(PHOTOSYNTHASIS)

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

208) xypngah;j;Jg; gad;gLj;Jk; nrhw;fs; - kPl;lh; (METER), Xk; (OHM)

209) cyf mstpshd FwpaPLfs; #j;jpuq;fs; -∑√Ạ = 𝝅 𝒓𝟐 >H2o, ca

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210) Library – E}yfk; > Librarian- E}yfh;>Library Science –
E}yfmwptpay; xU nrhy;iy nkhop ngah;fF
; k; NghJ xU nrhy; NtW gy
nrhw;fis cUthf;f cjt Ntz;Lk;
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211) Antibiotics – vjph; caph;g; nghUs;> Ez;Zaph;f; nfhy;ypfs;> caph; vjph; er;Rfs;>
NfLaph;f; nfhy;ypfs;> er;Raph;f; nfhy;ypfs;
212) ‘njd; Mg;gphpf;fhtpd; ngz;fs; tpLjiy” vd;Dk; jiyg;gpy; fl;Liu
vOjpath; - ghujp ,jpy; Member vd;w Mq;fpyr; nrhy;Yf;F jkpo;r;
nrhy;nyhd;iw cUthf;f Kide;jhh;. mtatp>mq;fj;jhd;> rgpfd;> cWg;ghsp
Nghd;w nrhw;fs; vJTk; nghUe;jtpy;iy> ,Wjpahf – nkk;gh; vd;W
vOjptpl;lhh;.

,ay;-8 itaj; jiyik nfhs;

Mf;fg; ngah;fs;
213) fhuzj;NjhL tUk; ngah;fs; - ,iy> kz;> fy;> ehw;fhyp> fhw;whb
214) fhuzg;ngah;fs; rpy Neuq;fspy; ,LFwpg;ngauhfp tUfpd;wd
215) Gjpjhf Mf;fg;gLk; nrhy; - Mf;fg;ngah;
216) Mj;jpuf;fhuDf;F Gj;jp kl;L vd;gJ – gonkhop
217) ngah; my;yJ tpidr; nrhw;fSld; tpFjpfisr; Nrh;j;J Mf;fg;gLk; ngah;r;
nrhw;fNs Mf;fg; ngah;fs; vdg;gLk;

218) jkpopy; Mf;fg; ngah; tpFjpfs; - fhud;> fhuh;> fhhp> Ms;> Msh;> Msp> jhuh;>
khdk;
219) jkpo; nkhopapy; Mf;fg;ngah;fs; Ngr;Rtof;fpy; kpFjpahf cs;sd.
220) Mf;fg;ngah;r; nrhw;fis <w;wpy; epw;Fk; tpFjpfisf; nfhz;L %tifahfg;
gphpf;fyhk;
221) Mf;fg; ngah; tpFjpfs; ehd;F nghUs;fspy; tUk; - 1. cilik> 2. chpik> 3.
cwT> 4. njhopy; (m) MSjy; (m) njhlh;G.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

222) filepiyg; gzpGhpNthiuf; Fwpf;Fk; tpFjp - Ms;

223) cah;epiyg; gzpGhpNthiuf; Fwpf;Fk; tpFjp - Msh;
,Ughw; nghJg; ngah;fs; - Msp

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224)
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,ay; -9 nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT
epWj;jf; Fwpfs;
225) nkhopiaf; fw;Fk; xUth; gbj;jy;> vOJjy;> Nfl;ly;> NgRjy; vd;Dk;
gy;NtW jpwd;fis cs;slf;fpatuhf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;
226) gbj;jy; vd;Dk; jpwdhdJ thp tbtj;ijf; fhZjy; > Kiwahf xypj;jy; > nghUs;
czh;jy; Mfpa %d;W nray;fis cs;slf;fpaJ .
227) ‘ kuzj;jpw;F gpd; kdpjh; epiy vd;Dk; E}iy ,aw;wpath; -
kiwkiyabfshh;.
228) xU njhlhpy; cs;s nghUs; NtWghl;il czh;j;Jtjw;F mbg;gilahf
tpsq;FtJ – epWj;jf; Fwpfs;
229) nghUs;fisj; jdpj;jdpahf; Fwpg;gpLk; ,lq;fs;> vr;rr; nrhw;nwhlh;fs; Nghd;w
,lq;fspy; tUtJ – fhw;Gs;sp (>)
230) njhlh;epiyj; njhlh;fspYk; xU nrhy;Yf;F NtWgl;l nghUs; $Wk; ,lq;fspy;
tUtJ - miug;Gs;sp (;)
231) rpW jiyg;G E}w;gFjp vz;>ngUq;$l;Lj; njhlh; Kjypa ,lq;fspy; tUtJ –
Kf;fhw;Gs;sp (:)
232) jiyg;gpd; ,Wjp> njhlhpd; ,Wjp Kfthp ,Wjp Kjypa ,lq;fspy; tUtJ –
Kw;Wg;Gs;sp (.)
233) xU tpdhj; njhlh; Kw;Wj; njhluhfTk; > Neh; $w;Wj; njhluhfTk; ,Ug;gpd; -
tpdhf;Fwp tUjy; Ntz;Lk; - (?)
234) tpag;gpilr; nrhy;Yf;Fg; gpd;Gk; > Neu;$w;W tpag;Gj; njhlh; ,WjpapYk; mLf;Fr;
nrhw;fSf;F gpd;Dk; tUtJ – tpag;Gf;Fwp (!)
235) mz;ikapy; ,Ug;ghiu miog;gjw;Fk; > njhiytpy; ,Ug;ghiu miog;gjw;Fk;
gad;gLtJ – tpspf;Fwp (!!! )

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

236) Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp ,uz;L tifg;gLk;

1. xw;iw Nkw;nfhs; Fwp
2. ,ul;il Nkw;nfhs; Fwp

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237) xU vOj;NjDk; >nrhy;NyDk;>nrhw;nwhlNuDk; jd;idNa Fwpf;Fk; ,lq;fspy;
tUtJ- xw;iw Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp
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238) Neh; $w;WfspYk; > Nkw;nfhs; $w;WfspYk; tUtJ - ,ul;il Nkw;Nfhs; Fwp
239) goq;fhyj;jpy; gid Xiyfs;>fy;ntl;Lfspy; vOjp Kbj;jikf;F milahskhf
Ropak; (0) ,Ljy; ,izNfhLfs;(// ) ,Ljy; NfhL (//) tof;fk;
,Ue;Js;sJ .
240) gy;NtW tifahd epWj;jf; Fwpfis ekf;Fg; mwpKfg; gLj;jp vt;ntt;tplq;fspy;
gad;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd tpsf;fpath;fs; - INuhg;gpah;fs;

,ay; - 10 ahiuAk; kjpj;J tho;

nka;g;Gj; jpUj;jf; FwpaPLfs;

241) gpiofisj; jpUj;Jtjw;Fg; gpd;gw;Wk; KiwfisAk; jpUj;jf; FwpaPLfisAk;
mwpe;jpUg;gth; - mr;Rg;gb jpUj;Jgth;
242) Gs;spapd;; tptuq;fs; khwpdhy; nra;jpapd; nghUspy; Vw;;gLtJ – Kuz;ghL

243) mr;Rg;gb jpUj;JNthh; nra;jpapd; cUitNah> cs;slf;fj;ijNah khw;Wjy;

$lhJ

244) ghujpahh; Nfspr;rpj;jpuj;ij tpflr; rpj;jpuk; vd;W Fwpg;ghh;

245) gpiofs; cs;s mr;Rg;gpioiaj; jpUj;Jtjw;F ifahsg;gLk; jpUj;jf;
FwpaPLfspd; tiffs; - Ie;J
246) rq;f fhyj;jpy; fw;gpj;jy; gzpia nra;jJ – kd;wk;> rhd;Nwhh; mit> mwq;fs;
mitak;> rkzg; gs;sp
247) jkpo; ,jo;fspy; jkpo; Mz;L > jpq;fs;> ehs; Mfpatw;iw Kjd; Kjyhff;
Fwpj;jth; - ghujpahh;
248) fy;tpapd; rpwg;ig ‘fy;tp moNf moF’ vdf; $Wk; E}y; - ehybahh;
249) jkpo; nkhopapy; Njhd;wpa,ul;ilf; fhg;gpaq;;fs; - rpyg;gjpfhuk;> kzpNkfiy
250) jpUj;jf; FwpaPLfspd; jkpo;g; ngah;fs;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

1.Apostrophe (‘) vOj;Jf;Fiw

2.Semicolon (;) miug;Gs;sp
(:)Kf;fhw;Gs;sp

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3.Colon
4.Colondash (:-) tuyhw;Wf;Fwp
5.Dittomark (,,)Nkw;gbf;Fwp
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6.Dash (-),ilf;NfhL
7.Bar (/)ntl;Lf;NfhL
8.Brackets (())gpiwf;NfhL
9.Double Brackets ({}),ul;ilg; gpiwf; NfhL
10.Large Brackets ([])gfu milg;G

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

ciueil
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www.tamilaruvi.in

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kh.uNk\; > vk;. V.> gp. vl;.> vk;/gpy;.>
nel;> nrl;> nll;.>
KJfiy Mrphpah; (jkpo;)
muR Nky;epiyg; gs;sp>
nrd;dk;gl;b – 638 504
me;jpa+h; (tl;lk;)
<NuhL (khtl;lk;)

nry; - 97 50 37 98 82 Mail ID – [email protected]

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 1 vd;Daph; vd;Ngd;

Ngr;R nkhopAk; ftpij nkhopAk;

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1. Ngr;R nkhopAk; ftpij nkhopAk; vd;w fl;Liuapd; Mrphpah; - ,e;jpud;
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fiyfspd; cr;rk; - ftpij
2. ftpijia NgRtJ Nghy; vOJtJjhd; cj;jkk; vd;Wk; mJNt khDlj;Jf;F
vOj;jhsh;fs; nra;Ak; flik vd;W $wpath; - kfhftp ghujp
3. nkhopnad;w xd;W gpwe;jTld; cyfk; vd;gJk; ehd; vd;gJk; jdpj;jdpahfg;
gphpe;J jq;fisj; jdpj;Jtkhf epiy epWj;jpf; nfhs;fpd;wd vd;W $wpath; -
vu;d];l; fhrpuu;
4. Kfj;jpd; jir ehh;r;RUf;fq;fspd; mgpeaq;fs; Mfpa clk;gpd; nray;ghLfs;
vd;Dila nkhop ntspg;ghl;bd; gFjpahf cs;sd
5. nkhop topahf xd;iwg; ngahpl;L miof;fj; njhlq;fpaTld; me;jg; nghUspd; kPJ
vdf;nfhU mjpfhuk; te;JtpLtij czh;fpNwd;
6. vOj;J nkhopiaf; fhl;bYk; Ngr;Rnkhop czh;r;rpf;F kpf mUfpy; ,Uf;fpwJ
7. ftpQh;fs; rpyh; jq;fSila ftpijfis vjphpypUf;Fk; thRfDld; NgRtJ Nghy;
mikf;fpd;wdh;. ,ij Neub nkhop vdf; fUJfpd;wdh;
8. Neub nkhopjhd; xU ftpQiu epfo;fhyj;jtuh? ,we;jfhyj;jtuh? vd;gij
eph;zapf;fpwJ vd;W $wpath; kiyahsf; ftp Mw;W}h; utpth;kh
9. ftpijapd; clk;gpd; Nky; Njhy; Nghy; ,aq;FtJ – Ngr;R nkhop
10. ftpijapd; czh;it czh;r;rpaw;w Mil Nghy; Nghh;j;jp %b tpLtJ – vOj;J
nkhop
11. Ngr;R nkhopiaf; ftpijapy; gad;gLj;Jgth;fs; vj;jid Ngh; - 3 Ngh;
1. thy;l; tpl;kd;
2. ghg;Nyh ne&lh
3. ftpQh; ky;yhu;Nk
12. ve;jnthU nrhy;Yk; kw;nwhU nrhy;iy tpl Kf;fpakhdjhfp tpLtjpy;iy vd;W
$wpath; - thy;l;tpl;kd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

13. Ngr;R vjpuhspia tpspj;Jg; NgRtJ md;W xt;nthU nrhy;Yk; gpwpnjhd;iwg;

NgRtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky; jd;idNa Ngrpf;nfhs;fpwJ – ftpQh; ky;yhu;Nk
14. FwpaPLfspd; $l;lk; xU KidapYk;> nkhop kWKidapYk; ,Uf;ifapy;

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ftpijapd; Ngr;R> ,ilapy; ,Uf;Fk; ntspapy; Goq;Ffpd;wJ vd;W $wpath; -
ftpQh; ky;yhu;Nk
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15. FwpaPLfspd; $l;lk; vd;gJ nghUisg; gjpT nra;tjd;W epidT $wj;jf;f
jUzq;fisg; gjpT nra;tjhFk; vd;W $wpath; - ftpQh; ky;yhu;Nk
16. ];ghdp\;nkhopf; ftpQh; - ghg;Nyh ne&lh
17. xU ftpij xU nghUisg; gw;wpaJ vd;W Njhd;wpdhYk; m/J mg;nghUisg;
gw;wpaJ md;W. mJ tho;f;ifapd; tbtkw;w jd;ikiag; gw;wpg; NgRfpwJ vd;W
$wpath; - ghg;Nyh ne&lh
18. ftpij vd;gJ xU nghUsd;W. mJ nkhopf;Fs; cyifAk; cyfpw;Fs;
nkhopiaAk; KOtJkhf Eioj;J tpLtjw;fhf KaYk; njhlh;e;j xU gilg;Gr;
nray;ghL vd;W $wpath; - ghg;Nyh ne&lh
19. thy;l; tpl;kd; ve;j ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;jth; - mnkhpf;fh
20. GJf;ftpij ,af;fj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jth; - thy;l; tpl;kd;
21. ‘Gy;;ypd; ,jo;fs;” vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah; - thy;l ;tpl;kd;
22. ];nl/ghd;ky;yhh;Nk ve;j ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;jth; - gpnuQ;R
23. Mq;fpy Mrphpauhf gzpahw;wpath; - ky;yhh;Nk
24. ,tiug; Ghpe;J nfhz;lhy; FwpaPl;baj;ijAk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk; ahh; mth; -
ky;yhh;Nk
25. ghg;Nyh ne&lh ve;j ehl;ilr; Nrh;e;jth; - njd; mnkhpf;fhtpy; cs;s rpyp
ehl;by; gpwe;jth;
26. ,yj;jPd; mnkhpf;fhtpd; kpfr; rpwe;j ftpQh; - ghg;Nyh ne&lh
27. jd;Dila ftpijf;fSf;fhf 1971 – Mk; Mz;L ,yf;fpaj;jpw;fhd Nehgy;
ghpR ngw;wth; - ghg;Nyh ne&lh
28. ,uhN[e;jpud; vd;Dk; ,aw;ngah; nfhz;lth; - ,e;jpud;
29. fiy tpkh;rpfh;> ftpQh;> nkhopngah;g;ghsh;> Xtpah; vdg; gd;Kfj; jd;ik
nfhz;lth; - ,e;jpud;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

30. Xhpa nkhopf; ftpQh; - kNdhukh gp];th];

31. ‘gwitfs; xUNtis J}q;fg; NghapUf;fyhk;” vd;w nkhopngah;g;G
E}Yf;fhfrhfpj;a mfhlkp tpUJ ngw;wth; - ,e;jpud;

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32. Kg;gl;il efuk;> rhk;gy; thh;j;ijfs; ftpij njhFg;Gfspd; Mrphpah; - ,e;jpud;
33. jkpo; mofpay;> etPd Xtpak; cs;spl;l fl;Liu E}y;fs; vOjpath; - ,e;jpud;
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34. ,e;jpud; elj;jpa ,jo;fs; - ntspr;rk;> Ez;fiy
35. thy;l ;tpl;kd; ftpijia Mq;fpyj;jpypUe;J jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jth; - ru;fu;
n[auhkd;
36. ky;yhh;Nk ftpijia gpnuQ;R nkhopapypUe;J jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jth; -
nt.=uhk;
37. ghg;Nyh ne&lh ftpijia Mq;fpyj;jpypUe;J jkpopy; nkhopngah;j;jth; -
M. ,uh. ntq;flhrygjp jkpopd; ftpijapay; vd;w E}iy vOjpath;
- fh. rptj;jk;gp

,ay; - 2 khkio Nghw;WJk;

38. Vjpypf; FUtpfs; - mofpanghpatd;

39. jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S - nghpatd; ftpuhah;
40. Iq;FWE}W - Ngadhh;
41. ahid lhf;lh; - n[aNkhfd;

,aw;if Ntshz;ik
42. kdpj caph;fs; tho mbg;gilahf tpsq;FtJ - Ntshz;ik
43. ‘ coT cyfpw;F mr;rhzp “ vd;W $Wgth; - jpUts;Sth;
44. ‘ coTf;Fk; njhopYf;Fk; te;jid nra;Nthk; “ vd;W $Wgth; - ghujpahh;
45. ,aw;if Kiwapy; Ntshz;ik nra;jth; - ek;kho;thh;
46. jkpo;ehl;bd; khepy kuk; - gidkuk;
47. Viofspd; fw;gf tpUl;rk; - gidkuk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

48. rpwe;j fhw;Wj; jLg;ghd; - gidkuk;

; l;lk; Fiwahky; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk; kuk; - gidkuk;
49. Moj;jpy; ePhk
50. kjpg;Gf; $l;Lg; nghUs;fs; - fUg;gl;b > gdq;fw;fz;L

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51. new;gapUk; > khhpf;fhyg; gapUk; tsh;tjw;fhd tsj;ij jUtJ - itf;Nfhy;
52. itf;Nfhy; gw;wp kpfr; rpwe;j Ma;T nra;jth; - [g;ghd; mwpQh;
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krhdG‡GNfhfh
53. ‘xw;iw itf;Nfhy; Gul;rp “ vd;w E}iy 1978 - ,y; vOjpath; - krhdG‡GNfhfh
54. Ie;J tptrha ke;jpuq;fis cyfpw;Fr; nrhd;dth; - krhdG‡GNfhfh
55. 5- tptrha ke;jpuq;fs; - 1.cog;glhj epyk; > 2.,uhrad cuk; ,y;yhj cw;gj;jp >
3.G+r;rpf; nfhy;yp njspf;fg;glhj gaph; ghJfhg;G > 4.jz;zPh; epWj;jhj ney; rhFgb
> 5.xl;Ltpij ,y;yhky; cah;tpisr;ry;
56. njhO cuk; - khl;Lr; rhzk; > Nfhkpak; > itf;Nfhiy kl;fr; nra;tJ.
57. Ntg;gq;nfhl;il > nehr;rp ,iy > Gq;fd; > gpuz;il > fw;whio
vy;yhj;ijAk; ey;yh ,br;R Nfhkpaj;Jy Cwntr;R njspr;rh NghJk;
G+r;rpnay;yhk; NghapUk;.
58. G+r;rp kUe;J tpisr;ry; gaph;fis cz;lhy; tUk; Neha; - Gw;WNeha; > tapw;Wg;
Gz; > kyl;Lj; jd;ik
59. kz;zpd; tsk; nflhky; ,Ug;gJ - Ez;Zaph; ngUf;fj;jhy;
60. coitj; njhlq;Fk; gl;lk; - Mb
61. midj;ijAk; thhp toq;Fk; jha; - ,aw;if
62. epyj;jpd; tsj;ij mf;fiwAld; ed; Kiwapy; guhkhpj;jhy; gjpYf;F mJTk;
kdpjj; Njitfis ey;y Kiwapy; epiwT nra;Ak; vd;W $wpath;- krhdG
‡GNfhfh
63. tptrhaj;jpd; tre;j fhyk; - ,aw;if Ntshz;ik
64. “,aw;if Ntshz;ik “ - fl;Liuapy; ciuahly; nra;Ak; ghj;jpuq;fs; -
nrhf;fypq;fk;> kq;if> ky;ypfh
65. ney;Yf;F CLgapuhfg; NghLtJ - cSe;J

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 3 gPL ngw epy;

66. kiy ,lg;ngahfs; Xh; Ma;T Mrphpah; - Mh;.ghyfpU\;zd; ,.M.g

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67. fhtbr; rpe;J Mrphpah; - nrd;dpFsk; mz;zhkiyahh;
68. FWe;njhif Mrphpah; - nts;sp tPjpahh;
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69. GwehD}W Mrphpah; - flYs; kha;e;j ,sk;ngUtOjp
70. thbthry; Mrphpah; - rp.R. nry;yg;gh
71. jpUf;Fws; Mrphpah; - jpUts;Sth;

kiy ,lg;ngah;fs;: Xh; Ma;T

72. kiy ,lg;ngah;fs; Xh; Ma;T vd;w fl;Liuapd;; Mrphpah; -
Mh;. ghyfpU\;zd; ,.M.g
73. kdpj r%fj;jpd; Mjp epyk; - kiy
74. kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j gFjp - FwpQ;rp
75. kiyNahL ,iae;j jkpoh; tho;itg; NgRtJ - rq;fg; ghly;fs;
76. kiy>Fd;Wfspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpj;j Ma;it vt;tif fiyr; nrhy;yhy;
miog;gh; - OROLOGY

77. jpuhtplh;fs; mbg;gilapy; - kiy tho; kf;fs;

78. jpuhtplh;fis ‘kiy epy kdpjh;fs” vd;W miog;gth; - fkpy; Rtygpy;
79. ‘NrNahd; Nka iktiu cyfk;” vd;W ciug;gJ – njhy;fhg;gpak;
80. mfj;jpizapay; ve;E}ypy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;sd – njhy;fhg;gpak;
81. ‘NrNahd; “ ve;jf; flTs; - KUfd;
82. ‘tpz;nghU neLtiu FwpQ;rpf; fpot” vd;w thp ,lk; ngw;w E}y; -
jpUKUfhw;Wg; gil
83. goe;jkpoh; ,yf;fpaq;fs; Fwpg;gpLk; ts;sy;fs; vj;jid Ngh; - VO
84. kiyg;gFjpfspd; jiyth;fshf ,Ue;jth;fs; - filNaO ts;sy;fs;
85. kiy vd;w nrhy;iy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l ,df; FO ngah;fs;
86. khy; g`hbah - [hh;fz;l;
87. khy; muad; - Nkw;Fj; njhlh;r;rp kiy (Nfusk;)

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

88. ky Fwtd; - neLkq;fhL (Nfusk;)

89. ky %j;jd; - vh;ehl; (Nfusk;)
90. ky gzpf;fh; - tl (Nfusk;)

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91. kyad; - ghyf;fhL (Nfusk; )
92. ky Ntlh - ,Lf;fp (Nfusk;)
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93. kNyU - jl;rpd fd;dlh (fh;ehlfk;)
94. Nfhl;lh - ePyfphp (jkpo;ehL)
95. nfhz;lh - Njhuh (Me;jpug; gpuNjrk;)
96. Nfuz;L> nfha;l;nlh; - xb]h
97. jpuhtplg; goq;Fb ,df;FO ngah;fSk; kiy>Fd;W nghUs; jUk;
nrhw;fisNa nfhz;L Mf;fk; ngw;Ws;sd
98. ‘Njhlh; “ ,dj;jth; thOk; gFjp – ePyfphp
99. ghy; vUikf; nfhl;by;fisg; Gdpj ,lkhff; fUJgth;fs; - Njhlh;fs;
100. FWk;gh; nkhopapy; jho;thuj;ijf; Fwpf;Fk; nrhy; - nkl;L
101. caukhd Nklhd mikg;ig tpsf;FtJ – nkl;L
102. Me;jpuhtpYk;>xb]htpYk; thOk; jpuhtplg; goq;Fbapdh; - [jhg;G
103. goq;Fbapdhpd; FbapUg;Gfs; ngUk;ghYk; vq;F mike;Js;sd – kiy
cr;rpfs;
104. jpuhtplr; nrhy;yhd ‘kiy” vd;gJ rk];fpUj nkhopapy; ‘kya” vd;W
toq;fg;gLfpwJ
105. ghz;ba kd;dd; xUtd; “kyaj;Jt[“ vd;W miof;fg;gl;lhd;.
106. tlnkhopapy; ‘kya” vd;w nrhy; kyghUf;F Nkw;Nf cs;s kiyfisNa
Fwpf;fpwJ
107. kiy vd;gJ – caukhdJ
108. Fd;W vd;gJ – cauk; FiwthdJ
109. jkpo; nkhopapy; ‘tiu” vd;w nrhy; NfhL>kiy>rpfuk;>tpspk;G>fiu>vy;iy>Edp
Nghd;w nghUs;fspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
110. Edp Kjy; mb tiu kw;Wk; mb Kjy; Edp tiu - ,jpy; ‘tiu” vd;w nrhy; ve;j
; Lj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ – tpspk;G
nghUspy; gad;g

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

111. kiy vd;w jpuhtplr; nrhy; ,d;Dk; gad;ghl;by; cs;s ,lq;fs;

nrhy; khepyk; khtl;lk;

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kiy cj;jpuhQ;ry; rNkhyp
[hh;fz;l; Fk;yh
cj;jpug;gpuNjrk; [Td;g+h;
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F[uhj; ty;]l;

tiu k`huh\;l;uh jhNd

112. jkpo;ehl;by; kl;Lk; ‘kiy” vd;w nrhy; 17 ,lg;ngah;fspy; Kd;ndhl;lhfTk;>

84 ,lg;ngah;fspy; gpd;ndhl;lhfTk; ,lk; ngWfpd;wJ
113. Me;jpu khepyj;jpy; ‘ky;” vd;w Nth;r;nrhy; Ifhu <W ngw;W kiy vd
toq;fg;gLtjw;F khwhf Mfhu <W ngw;W ‘kyh” vd;W toq;fg;gLfpwJ
114. kiy vd;w tbtk; Njhzpkiy vDk; ,lg;ngahpy; xU ,lj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk;
khepyk; - fh;ehlfk;
115. kiyiaf; Fwpf;Fk; ‘kNy” vd;w nrhy; 15 ,lq;fspy; gad;gLj;Jk; khepyk; -
fh;ehlfk;
116. kiy> kyh> kNy vd;w nrhw;fs; jdpr ;nrhy;yhf toq;fg;gltpy;iy Nfhbl;l
vd;w nrhy; vt;thW gpw nkhopapy; ,lk; ngWfpwJ
jkpo; - Nfhl;il>NfhL

kiyahsk; - Nfhl;l>NfhL

fd;dlk; - Nfhl;Nl>Nfhz;Nl

njYq;F - Nfhl;l

JS - Nfhl;Nl

Njhlh - f;thl;

117. ,e;jpahtpy; Nfhl;il vd;W KbAk; 248 ,lg;ngah;fs; vq;Fs;sd - jkpo;ehL

118. NfhL vd;w nrhy;Yf;Fg; nghUs; - kiyAr;rp> rpfuk;> kiy> ty;yud;>
Nfhl;il

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

119. kjpy; Rth;fshy; mike;j nraw;ifahd Nfhl;ilfis tplTk; njhd;ikahdit

– kiyaurd;> fhl;lud;
120. Nfhil vd;Dk; nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - kiy

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121. jpuhtplh;fspd; kiy – ghfp];jhd; kw;Wk; Mg;fhdp];jhd; neLkiyfNshL
nghUj;jpg; NghFk;
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122. goe;jkpoh;fspd; murpay;>nghUspay; kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L cUthf;fj;jpd; tpisthf
cUthdit – nfhw;if>tQ;rp> njhz;b

123. KVT COMPLEX – nfhw;if> tQ;rp> njhz;b

124. rq;f ,yf;fpak; fhl;Lk; goe;jkpoh;fspd; Mzp Nth; milahsq;fs; -
nfhw;if>tQ;rp> njhz;b
125. fle;j fhy tuyhw;wpd; milahsr; rpd;dq;fs; - nfhw;if>tQ;rp> njhz;b
126. ,e;jpatpay; kw;Wk; jpuhtpltpay; Ma;thsh; - Mh;. ghyfpU\;zd; ,.M.g
127. ‘nfhw;if>tQ;rp>njhz;b tshfj;ij “ – Ma;Tyfpd; ftdj;jpw;Ff;
nfhz;L te;jth; - - Mh;. ghyfpU\;zd; ,.M.g
128. jpdkzp ehspjopy; Jizahrphpauhfg;; gzpahw;wpath; - Mh;. ghyfpU\;zd;
,.M.g
129. fizahop ,yf;fpa ,jopd; MNyhrfh; FOtpy; gq;fhw;wpath; - Mh;.
ghyfpU\;zd; ,.M.g
130. - Mh;. ghyfpU\;zd; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - md;Gs;s mk;kh> rpwFfs; > thdk;
131. 1984Mk; Mz;L ,e;jpa Ml;rpg; gzpj; Njh;it jkpopNyNa vOjp Kjy;
Kaw;rpapNy Njh;r;rp ngw;wth; - - Mh;. ghyfpU\;zd; ,.M.g
132. jw;NghJ xb]h khepyj;jpy; $Ljy; jiyikr; nrayh;> mk;khepyj;jpy; tsh;r;rp
Mizauhf ,Ug;gth; - - Mh;. ghyfpU\;zd; ,.M.g
133. kiy ,lg;ngah;fs; - Xh; Ma;T vd;w ghlg;gFjp ve;j E}ypypUe;J
vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ – ‘rpe;J ntspg; gz;ghl;bd; jpuhtpl mbj;jsk;”

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-4 ,dpnahU tpjp nra;Nthk;

134. jiyikr; nrayfk; Mrphpah; - R[hjh

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135. tpQ;Qhdp Mrphpah; - kPuh
136. GwehD}W Mrphpah; - ciwA+h; KJfz;zd; rhj;jdhh;

jiyikr;nrayfk;
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137. jiyikr;nrayfk; Mrphpah; - R[hjh
138. vz;rhd; clk;Gf;F jiyNa gpujhdk; vd;gJ - gonkhop
139. vz;rhd; clk;Gf;F jiyNa gpujhdk; vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ - jiyf;Fs;
,Uf;Fk;; %is
140. kUj;Jt NkijfSk;> mwptpayhsh;fSk; njhlh;e;J Muha;e;J nfhz;bUg;gJ -
kdpj %isia
141. cliy mlf;fpAk;> fl;lisfisg; gpwg;gpj;Jk; ,aq;Fk; %isia vd;dntd;W
$Wth; - jiyikr;nrayfk;
142. jiyikr;nrayfk; vd;gJ - %is
143. gy;yhapuk; Nfhb El;gkhd capuZf;fs;> nry;fs; ,Ug;gJ - kdpj %isapy;
144. Gj;jprhypj;jdk;> gilg;Gzh;r;rp> Qhgfk;> jd;Dzh;T vd;gJ - epA+uhd;fspd;
tiyg;gpd;dy;
145. kzypy; ,Ug;gJ - rpypf;fhd;
146. vjph;fhyj;jpy; ek; %isapd; gy nray;ghLfisr; rpypf;fhd; rpy;Yfs; %yk;
nra;ayhk;.
147. ,e;j %isiaf; nfhz;Ljhd; tptrhak; fz;Lgpbj;Njhk;> rf;fuq;fs; nra;Njhk;>
khl;ilg; gof;fpNdhk;> fhl;il ntl;bNdhk;> tpahjpfis ntd;Nwhk;>
re;jpuDf;Fr; nrd;Nwhk; - mf;nel;
148. ruhrhp %isapd; vil -1½ fpNyh
149. nfhhpy;yh %isiaf; fhl;bYk; kdpj %is vj;jid klq;F fdk; - %d;W
klq;F
150. Fjpiuapd; %is - ek;kpy; ghjp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

151. ahidapd; %is- 0.2%

kdpjdpd; %is - 2.5%

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152. gpwe;jjpy; ,Ue;J %is %d;W klq;F mjpfkhfpwJ
153. ,sikapy; Mz;Lf;F xU fpuhk; FiwfpwJ
154. KJFj;jz;bypUe;J Kisg;gJ -%is
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155. %isapd; tiffs; -1. Kd;%is 2. eL%is 3. gpd; %is
156. %f;F> fz; ,tw;wpd; KbTfs; ,Ug;gJ - Kd;%is
157. rpW%is ,Uf;fpd;w ,lk; - gpd; %is
158. ek; clypd; mirTfisAk;>czh;r;rpfspd; tsh;r;rpiaAk; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ -
rpW%is
159. %isf;F Vw;gLk; grp - caph;tspg; grp
160. %isf;F xU epkplj;jpw;F vj;jid kpy;yp FUjp Njitg;gLfpwJ -800 kpy;yp
FUjp
161. nuhk;gr; rpd;d %is –NjdP
162. NjdPf;F Njitg;gLk; rf;jp - gj;J ikf;Nuhthl;
163. ikf;Nuhthl; vd;gJ –xUthl; rf;jpapy; gj;J yl;rj;jpy; xU ghfk;
164. %is fzf;fpLk; Ntfk; -gj;J nlh;uh‡g;shg;
165. #g;gh; fzpzpia tplTk; Mapuk; klq;F Ntfk; nfhz;lJ –NjdPapd; %is
166. gj;J ,yl;rk; epa+uhd;fs; nfhz;l vspa %is-Njdp %is
167. kdpj %is-100 gpy;ypad;
168. gj;jhapuk; Nfhb epa+uhd;fs; nfhz;lJ-kdpj %is
169. cq;fs; clypd; Ke;jpag; gzp> cq;fs; %isiaj; jhq;fpr; nry;tJ vd;W
$Wgth;-jhk]; My;th vbrd;
170. %isia ed;;whf cgNahfg; gLj;jpath;-jhk]; My;th vbrd;
171. jiyikr; nrayfj;jpd; kw;nwhU tpe;ij-Qhgfk;
172. kdpj Qhgfj;ij fzpg;nghwpAld;> E}yfj;Jld; xg;gplg;gLfpwJ
173. nkhop %isapy; vq;Nf Ghpe;J nfhs;sg;gLfpwJ vd;W 100 tUlq;fSf;F Nky;
Muha;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhh;fs;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

174. 1861-Mk; Mz;by; gpah; ghy; g;Nuhf;fh vd;Dk; gpnuQ;R rh;[d; fz;Lgpbj;jJ
175. ek; %isapd; ,lJ Kd; gFjp %isapy; ,Ug;gJ - Ngr;Rj; jpwik
176. g;Nuhf;fhTf;F mQ;rypahf %isapd; ,e;jg; gFjpia g;Nuhf;fhtpd; Ngl;il-

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g;Nuhfh]; Vhpahvd;fpwhh;fs;
177. ehk; gpwf;Fk; NghNj rpy Mo;e;j mikg;GfSld; gpwf;fpNwhk; vd;W $Wgth;-
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Nehk; Nrhk;];fp
178. %isapd; gy gFjpia ghjpg;gJ-fw;gJ> mDgt mwpT
; hPjpapy; rpe;jpf;f cjTtJ- ,lJ ghjp
179. Ngr> vOj>fzf;fpl> jh;ff
180. epiwa khh;f;> gpur;ridfis myRtJ> rJuq;fk; Nghd;w tpisahl;Lfspy;
rpwg;gJ- ,lJ ghjp
181. nkhopawpT KOtJk;- ,lJ
182. ,lJ Mf;fpukpg;G mjpfk; ,Ug;gth;fs; - gl;laf; fzf;fh;fs;> fzf;F
Mrphpah;fs;> ,e;jpa Ml;rpg; gzpf;Fg; gpwe;jth;fs;> tUkhdthp mjpfhhpfs;.
183. ftpij vOJtJ> glk; NghLtJ> eldk; MLtJ>ebg;gJ Nghd;w fiytbtq;fs;
- tyJ ghjpapy; elf;fpwJ
184. mjptpiuT fzpzp Nkw;nfhs;Sk; fzf;Ffis tpl kdpj %is tpiuthf
nra;Ak; vd;W$Wgth; - ];lhd; Nghh;L gy;fiyf;fof Nguhrphpah;
f;thngdh Nghu`d;
185. R[hjhtpd; ,aw;ngah; - uq;fuh[d;
186. R[hjh ,aw;wpa mwptpay; E}y;fs; - fzpg;nghwpapd; fij> rpypf;fd; rpy;Yg;
Gul;rp> mLj;j E}w;whz;L
187. mwptpaiy vspa jkpopy; Clfq;fspy; gug;gpajw;fhf kj;jpa murpd; tpUJ
ngw;wth; - R[hjh
188. ,e;jpahtpy; kpd;dZ thf;Fg; gjpT fUtpiaf; nfhz;L te;jjpy; R[hjhtpd;
gq;fspg;G mjpfk;
189. kdpj %is Rkhh; 10 thl;rf;jpia cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wJ
190. ruhrhp kdpj %isapd; vil – 1349 fpuhk;
191. kpf mjpf vilAs;s kdpj %is – 2049 fpuhk;
192. kdpj %isapy; vj;jid rjtPjk; jz;zPh; cs;sJ – 80%

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

193. kdk; vd;gJ %isapy; ,Uf;fpwJ vd;W Kjypy; $wpath; - gpj;jNfhu]; (6-
Mk; E}w;whz;L)
194. kdKk; %isAk; NtW vd;W nrhd;d jj;JtQhdp – nl];fhh;l;nl]; (1673)

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195. epA+uhdpd; Kjy; cz;ikahd rpj;jpuj;ij gpuRhpj;jth; - Ml;Nlh bal;lh;];
(n[h;khdpah;)
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196. thh;j;ijfs; mwpag;gLk; ,lj;ijf; fz;lwpe;jth; - nth;dpf; (1874)
197. nkhop mwpT %isf;Fs; gjpe;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W fz;lwpe;jth; - Nehk; Nrhk;];fp
(1953)

,ay; - 5 Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk;

jkpof fy;tp tuyhW

198. gps;isf;$lk; Mrphpah; - ,uh.kPdhl;rp

199. ew;wpiz Mrphpah; - Nghjdhh;
200. fy;tpapd; Nehf;fk; - ehfhPfj;ijAk; gz;ghl;ilAk; tsh;g;gjhFk;
201. r%f khw;wj;jpd; ,d;wpikahj fhuzp- fy;tp
202. fy;tpapd; Kjd;ikahd Nehf;fk;- jdpkdpjidr; rKjhaj;Jf;F
Vw;wtdhf khw;Wjy;
203. fw;gth; kdj;jpy; Mog; Gije;Js;s jpwd;fisj; Njhd;w ntspf;nfhz;L tUtJ-
fy;tp
204. fy;Yjy; vd;w nghUspd; mbg;gilapy; fy;tp toq;fyhapw;W
205. fy;tpapy; rpwe;j ehL - jkpo;ehL
206. gz;ilj; jkpo; ,yf;fz E}y; - njhy;fhg;gpak;
207. fy;tp fw;gjw;fhfg; gphpe;J nry;tij njhy;fhg;gpak; vt;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ
- Xjw;gphpT
208. fy;tpapd; nghUl;L xUtUf;F ngUkpjk; Njhd;Wk; vd;W njhy;fhg;gpak;
Fwpg;gpLfpwJ

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

209. khzth;fSf;fhd ,yf;fzq;fis tFj;Js;s E}y;fs; - njhy;fhg;gpak;>

ed;D}y;
210. fy;tpapd; rpwg;igg; Nghw;WtJ - rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fs;

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211. nghUs; nfhLj;Jk; njhz;L nra;Jk; Mrphpahplk; khzth;fs; fy;tp fw;wijr;
rpwg;Gld; Fwpg;gJ - “cw;Wop cjtpAk; cWnghUs; nfhL;j;Jk;”
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gpw;iw epiy KdpahJ fw;wy; ed;Nw!”
212. “cw;Wop cjtpAk; cWnghUs; nfhLj;Jk;
gpw;iwepiy KdpahJ fw;wy; ed;Nw!” vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; E}y; -
GwhehD}W - Mhpag;gil fle;j neLQ; nropad;
213. FLk;gk;>muR>r%fk; %d;W epiyfspYk; rpwg;gpidg; ngw vJ Njit – fy;tp
214. jkpofj;jpy; jkpo; Ml;rp nkhopahf> gapw;W nkhopahf> ,yf;fpa nkhopahf
tpsq;fpa fhyk; -rq;ffhyk;.
215. “Jizaha; tUtJ J}aew;fy;tp” vd;W $Wk; E}y; -jpUke;jpuk;
216. “fy;tp moNf moF” vd;W $WtJ -ehybahh;
217. “,sikapy; fy;” vd;w $Wgth;-xsitahh;
218. jkpo; Ml;rp nkhop> fy;tp nkhop> rkak;> thzpfk; Nghd;w vy;yhj; JiwfspYk;
nghJnkhopahf te;jJ vd;W $Wgth; - kh.,uhrkhzpf;fdhh;
219. rq;f fhyk;> rq;fk; kUtpa fhyj;jpy; fw;gpj;jy; gzpia jkpofj;jpy; nra;J
te;jit -mwq;$h;mitak;> rkzg; gs;sp> ngsj;jg; gs;sp
220. kd;duhl;rpf;fhyj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd fy;tpahf fUjg;gl;lJ - Nghh;g;gapw;rp
221. fw;gpf;Fk; Mrphpah;fspd; tif -%tif
222. fw;w khzth;fis rpWtd;> khztd;> Nfl;Nghd; vd;W tifg;gLj;jpdh;
223. vOj;Jk;> ,yf;fpaKk;> chpr;nrhy;Yk; (epfz;L) fzf;Fk; fw;gpg;Nghh; -
fzf;fhah;
224. %tif ,yf;fzj;ijAk;> Nghpyf;fpaq;fisAk; fw;gpg;Nghh; -Mrphpah;
225. rka E}Yk;> jj;Jt E}Yk; fw;gpg;Nghh; -Futh;
226. fiyfs;>fy;tp fw;gpf;Fk; ,lq;shf tpsq;fpait - gs;spfs;
227. fw;w tpj;ijfis muq;Nfw;Wk; ,lkhfj; jpfo;e;jJ - kd;wk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

; }f;fpg; ghh;f;Fk; mitahf ,Ue;jJ - rhd;Nwhh; mit

228. nray;fisr; rPhJ
229. fy;tp fw;gpf;fg;gLk; ,lq;fisg; gs;sp vd;W nrhy;Yk; E}y; -nghpa
jpUnkhop
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230. fy;tp fw;gpf;fg;gLk; ,lj;ij XJk; gs;sp vd;W nrhy;Yk;; E}y; -jpthfu
epfz;L
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231. fy;tp fw;gpf;fg;gLk; ,lj;ijf; fy;Y}hp vd;W nrhy;tJ - rPtfrpe;jhkzp
232. fw;wYf;F cjTk; Vl;Lf; fw;wiwfs; -VL> Rtb> nghj;jfk;> gDty;> E}y;
233. Xiyf; fw;wiwfs; - VL> Rtb> nghj;jfk;
234. cl;nghUs; - gDty;> E}y;
235. ehd;F nfhilfSld; rkz rkaj;jpd; jiyaha mwq;fs; -fy;tp> kUe;J>
czT> milf;fyk;
236. jpfk;guj; Jwtpfs; ve;j kjj;ijr; rhh;e;jth;fs; - rkzk;
237. jpfk;guj; Jwtpfs; jq;fpapUe;j ,lk; - kiyf;Fif
238. gs;sp vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - gLf;if
239. gs;sp vd;Dk; nrhy; ve;j kjq;fspd; nfhil - rkzk;> ngsj;jk;
240. rkzg; gs;spfspy; gapd;w khzth;fs; jq;fs; Mrphpah;fSf;F vLj;j gLf;iffs;
gw;wpr; nrhy;Yk; fy;ntl;Lfs; - jpUr;rp kiyf;Nfhl;il>
fOFkiy fy;ntl;Lfs;
241. te;jthrpapy; rkzg;gs;sp ,Ue;j ,lk; - Ntly;
242. tpshg;ghf;fj;jpy; rkzg;gs;spia epWtpath; - gl;bdpf; Fwj;jp
243. rkaj; JiwapypUe;J Njhd;wpa fiytbtk; - gl;bkz;lgk; (gl;bkd;wk;)
244. gl;bkz;lgk; vd;gJ rkaf;fUj;Jfs; tpthjpf;Fk; ,lnkd;W Rl;Lk; E}y; -
kzpNkfiy
245. fhQ;rpGuj;jpw;F te;J Nrh;e;j rPdg;gazp - Athd; Rthq;
246. fhQ;rpGuj;jpy; cs;s ngsj;j gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; jq;fpr; rpwg;Giu Mw;wpath;
- Athd; Rthq;
247. jkpofj; jpz;izg; gs;spf; fy;tpKiwiaf; fz;L tpae;jth; -nutuz;l; ngy;
(];fhl;yhe;J)
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

248. ];fhl;yhe;jpy; nutuz;l; ngy; - nkl;uh]; fhNy[; vd;Dk; ngahpy; epWtpdhh;.

249. ];fhl;yhe;jpy; jkpofj; jpz;izg; gs;spf; fy;tpKiw - nkl;uh]; rp];lk;>
bngy; rp];lk;> kw;Wk; khdplhp rp];lk; vd;Wk; miof;fg;gl;lJ

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250. MrphpaUlNd jq;fp mtUf;Fj; Njitg;gLk; gzpfisr; nra;J fy;tp fw;wy;
- FUFyf; fy;tpKiw
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251. nra;J fw;wy;> tho;e;J fw;wy;> vspikahf tho;jy; vd;w mbg;gilapy; fy;tp Kiw
mike;jJ - FUFyf; fy;tpKiw
252. Nghjdh Kiwiaj;jhz;b tho;tpaiyf; fl;likg;gjpy; cWjpahdjhf tpsq;Fk;
fy;tp Kiw - FUFyf; fy;tpKiw
253. jpz;izg; gs;spfs; ngUkstpy; Njhd;wpaJ - 19-k; E}w;whz;L
254. jpz;izg; gs;spfs; vt;thW miof;fg;l;ld - njw;wpg;gs;spfs;
255. jpz;izg; gs;sp Mrphpah;fs; vt;thW miof;fg;gl;ldh; - fzf;fhah;fs;
256. Mq;fpNyah;fs; vf;fy;tpia ehl;Lf;fy;tp vd;W mioj;jdh; - jpz;izg;
gs;spfs;> ghlrhiyfs;> kf;jhGfs;> kjuh]hf;fs;
257. nrd;id khfhzj;jpy; ,Ue;j jpz;izg; gs;spfspd; vz;zpf;if -12>478
258. INuhg;gpa ehLfspd; fy;tpj;juj;ij fhl;bYk; cah;e;jjhf fhzg;gl;lJ -
jpz;izg; gs;spfs; vd;W ahh; elj;jpa Ma;tpy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ -
jhk]; kd;Nwh
259. nrd;id MSeh; rh;. jhk]; kd;Nwh Mizf;fpdq;f nghJf;fy;tp thhpak;
njhlq;fg;gl;l Mz;L -1826
260. nrd;id kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hp njhlq;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1835
261. ,e;jpahtpy; njhlq;fg;gl;l Kjy; kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hp - nrd;id kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hp
262. nrd;idg; gy;fiyf;fofk; njhlq;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1857
263. ];$y; M. ;.g; rh;Nt vd;w epWtdk; njhlq;fg;gl;l Mz;L - 1794
264. ];$y; M. ;.g; rh;Nt epWtdk; fpz;b nghwpapay; fy;Y}hpahf tsh;r;rpaile;j
Mz;L -1859
265. jkpo;ehL ,ilepiyf;fy;tp thhpak; njhlq;fg;gl;lJ -1910
266. gs;spapWjp tFg;G - khepy mstpyhd nghJj; Njh;tpy; eilKiwf;F te;j Mz;L
- 1911
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

267. cah;epiyf; fy;tp Kiw vd;gJ - jdpepiyapy; Gyth;fsplj;J fw;gJ

268. jpUthLJiw Mjpdj;jpd; jiyikg; Gyth; -kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;juk;
gps;is
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269. jkpo;j; jhj;jh - c.Nt.rhkpehjh;
270. kPdhl;rp Re;juk; gps;isaplk; fy;tp gapd;wth; - c.Nt.rhkpehjh;
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271. jdpepiyg; Gyth; kPdhl;rp Re;juj;jplk; fy;tp fw;wtu; - c.Nt.rhkpehjh;
272. fzf;fhah;> %j;Njhh;> jd;ikapyhsu; maypUg;Gk; gw;wpf; $Wk; E}y; - jphpfLfk;
273. mr;R ,ae;jpuk; fy;tp ngUf fhuzkhf ,Ue;jtu; - [hd; $l;ld; gh;f;
(n[u;kdp)
274. mr;R ,ae;jpuk; fz;Lgpbj;jtu; - [hd; $l;ld; gh;f;(1453 Mk; Mz;L)
275. lr;Rf;fhuh;fspd; rkag; gug;Gr; rq;fk; jkpofj;jpy; Kjy; Kjyhff; fy;tpg; gzpapy;
<Lgl;l Mz;L - fp.gp.1706
276. Kjd; Kjypy; mr;Rf;$lk; epWtg;gl;l ,lk; - juq;fk;ghb
277. khztu;fSf;Fj; Njitahd Gj;jfq;fs; mr;rbf;fg;gl;l ,lk; - juq;fk;ghb
278. ,e;jpahtpy; Kjy; Kjypy; mr;Nrwpa nkhop - jkpo;
279. mwg;gs;spfis epWtpaNjhL Mrpupah; gapw;rpg; gs;spfisAk; mikj;jtu;fs; -
lr;Rf;fhuh;fs;
280. 1813- Mk; Mz;L rhrdr; rl;lg;gb ,e;jpah;fspd; fy;tpf;fhf Mz;Lf;F 1
yl;rk; &gha; xJf;fpaJ - yz;ld; ghuhSkd;wk;
281. ,e;jpahtpy; jha;ehl;L ,yf;fpaq;fisAk; >fPioj;Njrj;J fiyfisAk;
gapw;Wtpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; nfhs;if nfhz;lth;fs; - fPioj; Njrpathjpfs;
282. Nkw;fj;jpa ghzpf; fy;tpKiw - Mq;fpy topf;fy;tp Kiw
283. Mq;fpy topf;fy;tp Kiw %ykhfNt ,e;jpah;fis Kd;Ndw;w KbAk; vd;W
thjpl;lth; - Nkw;fpe;jpathjpfs;
284. nkf;fhNy fy;tpf;FO cUthf;fg;gl;lJ - 1835
285. ahUila jiyikapy; jw;fhyf;fy;tpAk;> Njh;TKiwAk; cUntLj;jJ -
rhh;y]; Tl;(1854)

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

286. ‘ ,e;jpaf; fy;tp tsh;r;rpapd; kfhrhrdk” vd;W Nghw;wg;gLtJ - rhh;y]; Tl;

mwpf;if
287. `z;lh; fy;tpf;FO cUthd Mz;L - fp.gp.1882

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288. rPUil Kiw >jha;nkhoptopf;fy;tp Nghd;wtw;iw fl;lhakhf;fpaJ -
`z;lh; fy;tpf;FO
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289. Gjpa gs;spfisj; njhlq;fp elj;Jk; nghWg;ig jdpahUf;F toq;fg; ghpe;Jiu
nra;j FO `z;lh; fy;tpf;FO
290. Mq;fpNyah; Ml;rpGhpe;j 19 -Mk; E}w;whz;by; ek; ehl;by; vOjg;gbf;fj;
njhpe;jth;fspd; vz;zpf;if - 15 tpOf;fhL.
291. ehl;bYs;s 14 tajpw;Fl;gl;l midtUf;Fk; fl;lhaf;fy;tp toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;
vd;gJ - ,e;jpa murpayikg;Gr; rl;lk; - 45
P vjd; %yk; nra;ag;gl;lJ - Ie;jhz;Lj;
292. fl;lha ,ytrf; fy;tpf;F epjp xJf;fL
jpl;lj;jpd; fPo;
293. fy;tpj;Jiwapd; nghw;fhyk; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLtJ - ,f;fhyk;

,ay;-6 ehnsy;yhk; tpidnra;

Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G
294. Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G Mrphpah; - Mde;juq;fh;
295. rPwhg;Guhzk; Mrphpah; - ckWg;Gyth;
296. mfehD}W ghlypd; Mrphpah; - tPiu ntspad; jpj;jdhh;
297. gpk;gk; rpWfijapd; Mrphpah; - gpugQ;rd;
298. gd;nkhopg; GyikAk; gy;Jiw MSikAk; nfhz;lth; - Mde;juq;fh;
299. GJr;Nrhp tuyhw;wpidg; gjpT nra;jthpy; Kjd;ikahdth; - Mde;juq;fh;
300. 18-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; GJit tuyhw;wpid mwpe;J nfhs;s ekf;Ff; fpilj;j
mhpa ngl;lfk; - Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G
301. gpnuQ;R Ml;rpapd; vOr;rpAk; tPo;rr
; pAk; Mde;juq;fhpd; tho;NthL
xd;wpapUf;fpwJ

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

302. jdpkdpjh; xUthpd; md;whl epfo;Tfis my;yJ gzpfisg; gjpT nra;Ak; VL

- ehl;Fwpg;G
303. ehl;Fwpg;G vd;gij Mq;fpyj;jpy; ilhp vd;W miog;gh;.

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304. ilhp vd;w nrhy; ilhpak; vd;Dk; ,yj;jPd; nrhy;ypd; %ykhd il]; vd;w
nrhy;ypy; ,Ue;J cUthapw;W
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305. ehl;Fwpg;Gfspd; Kd;Ndhbahfj; jpfo;tJ EPHEMERIDES vd;W miof;fg;ngWk;

fpNuf;ff; Fwpg;NgL MFk;

306. EPHEMERIDES vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - xU ehSf;fhd KbT

307. ehl;Fwpg;G vOJk; gof;fk; ahUila fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;J tUfpwJ – Kfyha

kd;dh; ghgh;
308. ahUila fhyj;jpy; ehl;Fwpg;G vOJk; tof;fk; jil nra;ag;gl;bUe;jJ –
xsuq;frPg;
309. INuhg;ghtpypUe;J ,e;jpahTf;F 1498-,y; fly; topiaf; fz;Lgpbj;j
Nghh;r;RfPrpa khYkp – th];Nfhlfhkh
310. ehl;Fwpg;G vOJk; gof;fk; cs;sth; - th];Nfhlfhkh
311. th];Nfhlfhkhtpd; ehl;Fwpg;Gfs; My;thNuh nty;Nyh vd;gtuhy; gjpT
nra;ag;gl;Ls;sd
312. Mde;juq;fhpd; fhyk; - 18-Mk; E}w;whz;L
313. gpnuQ;R fpof;fpe;jpaf; fk;ngdpapd; ciu ngah;g;ghsh; - Mde;juq;fh;
314. Ja;g;Ns vd;w gpnuQ;R MSehpd; nkhopngah;g;ghsuhf tpsq;fpath; -
Mde;juq;fh;
315. ,tUila ehl;Fwpg;Gfs; 25 Mz;L fhyj; njd;dpe;jpa tuyhw;iw
ntspg;gLj;Jf;fpd;wd ahh; - Mde;juq;fh;
316. mf;fhyj;jpy; gpnuQ;R muR gw;wp mwpa cjTk; rpwe;j tuyhw;Wf; fUt+ykhfTk;>
MtzkhfTk;> ,yf;fpakhfTk; Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;Gfs; jpfo;fpd;wd
317. gpuhd;Rth kh;j;NjDf;Fg; gpwF fpNahk; Me;;j;Nu vNgh; GJr;Nrhpapd;
jiyikg; nghWg;gpid Vw;whh;
318. fpNahk; Me;;j;Nu vNgh; ,d; jufh; - iedpag;gh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

319. iedpag;ghpd; ikj;Jdh; jpUNtq;flk; vd;ghhpd; kfNd Mde;juq;fh; Mthh;

320. nrd;idapy; cs;s nguk;g+hpy; gpwe;jth; - Mde;juq;fh;
321. Mde;juq;fh; gpwe;j Mz;L – 1709 – khh;r; 30

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322. gpnuQ;R Nkyjpfhhp myDthh; cjtpahy; guq;fpg;Ngl;il nerTr; rhiyf;Fk;>
rhak; Jitf;Fk; fplq;Ff;Fk; jiytuhf epakpf;fg;gl;lth; - Mde;juq;fh;
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323. gpnuQ;R MSeh; Ja;g;Ns fhyj;jpy; jiyikj; Jtpgh\pahfg; gzpahw;wpath; -
Mde;juq;fh;
324. ty;yhz;ik kpf;f gpnuQ;R Ml;rpahpd; ek;gpf;iff;F chpatuhf kpFe;f murpay;
nry;thf;Fld; jpfo;e;jth; - Mde;juq;fh;
325. jk;Kila ehl;Fwpg;gpy; ehs;> epfo;T> Mz;L> jpq;fs;> ehs;> fpoik Mfpatw;iwAk;
Fwpg;gpl;L nra;jp vOjpath; - Mde;juq;fh;
326. Mde;juq;fh; vOjpa ehl;Fwpg;Gfs; vj;jid njhFjpfshfj; jkpopy;
ntspte;Js;sd - 12 njhFjpfs;
327. 10.09.1736 Mk; ehs; gpnuQ;R Mseh; ^kh]; ehza mr;rbg;G chpikiag;
ngw;wij tpsf;FfpwJ
328. ehza mr;rbg;G chpikf;fhf ngUe;njhif nryT nra;j MSeh; gw;wp
Fwpg;gpLgth; - Mde;juq;fh;
329. Mq;fpNyahpd; fl;Lg;ghl;by; ,Ue;j nrd;idia 1746-,y; ifg;gw;wpath; -
gpnuQ;R fg;gy; jsgjp nyg+h;njhNd
330. GJit> jkpofk; gy;NtW murpay; epfo;Tfisg; gjpT nra;jth; - Mde;juq;fh;
331. 1746-,y; nrd;idia nyg+h;njhNd ifg;gw;wpajhy; rpdKw;wth; - Mw;fhL
ethG
332. md;th;jPd;fhdpd; %j;jkfd; kfg+];fhd; gpnuQ;R muir vjph;j;Jg;
Nghhpl;lijAk; Nehpy; fz;L ciug;gJ Nghy; ehl;Fwpg;gpy; $wpath; -
Mde;juq;fh;
333. Njtdhk; gl;lzj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wtjw;fhf Mq;fpNyaUld; gpnuQ;R muR elj;jpa
gilnaLg;G gw;wp Fwpg;gpLtJ - Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G
334. GJr;Nrhp Kw;Wif ,l;lJ ehl;Fwpg;gpy; tpsf;fpf; $wpath; - Mde;juq;fh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

335. 1758-Mk; Mz;L ,Wjpapy; nrd;idf; Nfhl;il Kw;Wifia yy;yp vd;ghh;

njhlq;fpAs;shh;
336. nrd;idf; Nfhl;ilapd; fth;dh; - Nk];jh; gpfl;

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337. yy;yp vd;ghh; nrd;id Kw;Wif Nghuhl;lj;jpy; Nk];jh; gpfl; kfj;jhd
ntw;wp ngw;whh;
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338. cyf ehl;Fwpg;G ,yf;fpaj;jpd; je;ij – rhKNty; ngg;gpR
339. Mq;fpNyaf; flw;;gilapy; gzpahw;wpath; - rhKNty; ngg;gpR
340. jQ;irf; Nfhl;il kPJ elj;jpa Kw;Wif> ,uhgh;l; fpist; gilnaLg;G
Nghd;wtw;iwj; njhptpg;gJ – Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G
341. ,uz;lhk; rhh;y]; kd;dh; fhyj;J epfo;Tfisg; (1660-1669) ehl;Fwpg;ghfg;
gjpT nra;jth; - rhKNty; ngg;gpR
342. 06.09.1736 Kjy; 11.01.1761 tiu ehl;Fwpg;G vOjpath; - Mde;juq;fh;
343. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjd;ikahd ehl;Fwpg;G - Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G
344. ,e;jpahtpd; ngg;gpR vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; - Mde;juq;fh;
345. 18- Mk; E}w;whz;bd; jkpo;r; r%fj;ijg; glk; gpbj;Jf; fhl;LtJ – ehl;Fwpg;G
346. gz;ghL> rkak;> rhjp> ePjp> tzpfk;> ek;gpf;iffs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gjpT nra;jth; -
Mde;juq;fh;
347. GJr;Nrhpapd; MSeh; - Ja;kh
348. GJr;Nrhp gl;bzk;> rk;gh Nfhtpy;> cg;gq;fop> gl;lzj;jpd; tPjpfs; vt;tplj;jpYk;
fhiyfld; fopg;gth;fsplk; MW gzk; jz;lk; tpjpf;fg;gLk; vd;W Ja;kh
Miz gpwg;gpj;Js;shh;.
349. Gfo; ngw;w Mk;g+h; Nghh; gw;wpr; nra;jpfs; njhptpg;gJ – Mde;juq;fh;
ehl;Fwpg;G
350. jz;lj; njhifapy; ,uz;L gzk; gpbj;Jfz; nfhLg;gtUf;Fk; kPjp ehd;F
gzk; rhtbf;Fk; chpaJ
351. mf;fhyj;jpy; toq;fg;gl;Ls;s jz;lidfs; - kuz jz;lid> fhjWj;jy;>
rhl;ilab> fplq;fpy; NghLjy;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

352. jkpo;j;jha; neUg;gpdhYk; nts;sj;jpdhYk; ghjpf;fg;gl;lhYk; mtsJ

Mguzq;fs; njhiytpy; cs;s efukhd ghhPrpy; kpfTk; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L
gukhhpf;fg;gLk; vd;W Mde;juq;fhpd; ehl;Fwpg;ig Gfo;gth; -

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c.Nt.rhkpehj Iah;(c.Nt.rh)
353. me;j fhy nra;jpfis vy;yhk; rpj;jpuf;Fg;jd; vOjp tUk; gjpitg; Nghy; ey;y
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ghi\apy; vOjp itj;jth; Mde;juq;fh; vd;W Fwpg;gpLth; - ghujpahh;
354. Mde;juq;fhpd; ehl;Fwpg;gpd; ngUk;gFjp tzpfr; nra;jpfisNa
tpthpj;Js;sJ
355. tzpfj;jpw;F Kjd;ik mspj;jth; - Mde;juq;fh;
356. tzpfh; gyiu gq;F jhuuhff; nfhz;l $l;L epWtdk; - gpnuQ;Rf;
fpof;fpe;jpaf; fofk;
357. GJr;NrhpapypUe;J kzpyhTf;Fr; nrd;w fg;gypy; gzpahw;wpa jkpo; khYkp –
mofg;gd;
358. INuhg;;gpahtpypUe;J ,e;jpahit mila fg;gy;fSf;F MW jpq;fs; (khjk;)
Njitg;gl;ld
359. fg;gy; te;jTld; gPuq;fp Koq;Fjy; tof;fj;jpy ,Ue;Js;sJ
360. tzpf fofj;jpd; mjpfhhp- nfhh;Nd
361. 100f;F 320 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy MW jpq;fSf;Fs; gzj;ij nrYj;jptpLtjhf
ifnaOj;jpl;Lf; nfhLj;jdh;
362. tzpf fofj;jpd; mjpfhhp nfhh;Nd ,e;j urPJfisg; ngw;W ghJfhj;Js;shh;
363. GJr;Nrhpapy; ehzak; mr;rpLk; chpikia ep[hkplkpUe;J gpnuQ;R tzpff;
fofk; ngw;wJ
364. ,jw;fhd Mizia 10.09.1736 md;W fdfuhah; gy;yf;fpy; itj;J CUf;Fs;
nfhz;L te;jhh; 21 gPuq;fpfs; Koq;fpd
365. vl;L khw;Wf;Ff; Fiwthd tuhf ehzaq;fis itj;jpUg;gJ jz;lidf;Fhpa
Fw;wkhFk;
366. nrd;idg; gl;lzj;J el;rj;jpu tuhfd;> tl;l tuhfd;> guq;fpg;Ngl;il
tuhfd;> Muzp tuhfd; vd Fwpg;gpLgth; - Mde;juq;fh;
367. Mde;juq;fh; fhyj;jpy; tof;fpy; ,Ue;j ehzaq;fs;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

480 fhR - xU &gha; 8 gzk; - 1 &gha;

60 fhR - 1 gzk; 24 gzk; - xU tuhfd;
1 nghd; - ½ tuhfd;

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1 tuhfd; - 3 my;yJ 3.2 &gha;
1 Nkhfhp - 14 &gha; kjpg;Gs;s jq;f ehzak;
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1 rf;fuk; - ½ tuhfDf;Fk; $Ljy; kjpg;Gs;s jq;f ehzak;
368. 1745 – 21 tpahof;fpoik ngUq;fhw;W GJr;Nrhpia #iwahbaJ njUTf;Fj;
njU gpz ehw;wkha; ,Ue;jJ vd kdk; nehe;J vOjpath; - Mde;juq;fh;
369. xO fiuapNy ngUQ;NrhW mspj;J jkpohpd; ,uf;fj;ijAk; <uj;ijAk;
ntspg;gLj;jpath; - fdfuhah; ,ij ngUkpjj;Jld; Mde;juq;fh; gjpT
nra;Js;shh;
370. ,q;fpyhe;J – gpuhd;]; Nghh; %z;ljhy; fg;gy; tzpfk; jilg;gl;lJ
371. nghUshjhu jl;Lg;ghL Njhd;wpa Mz;L – 1745
372. ,e;epiyapy; 08.06.1746 – nyg+h; njhNdtpd; xd;gJ fg;gy;fs;
GJitf;F te;jd
373. Mq;fpNyaf; fg;gy;fs; JUg;Gfis ,wf;fpaJ – Njtdhk;gl;bdj;jpy;
; ehs; - 12.01.1761
374. Mde;juq;fh; kiwe;j
375. 1736 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gh; 6 Mk; ehs; njhlq;fp Vwj;jho 25 Mz;Lfs;
njd;dpe;jpa tuyhw;iw gjpT nra;jth; - Mde;juq;fh;. ehl;Fwpg;G 1761 –
[dthp 11 ehNshL Kbtile;Js;sJ.
376. Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G12 njhFjpfshfj; jkpopy; ntspte;Js;sJ
377. Mde;juq;fd; Nfhit E}ypd; Mrphpah; - jpahfuha Njrpfh;
378. Mde;juq;fd; gps;isj;jkpo; Mrphpah; - GytNuW mhpkjp njd;dfd;
379. thdk; trg;gLk; Mrphpah; - gpugQ;rd;
380. GJr;Nrhpapd; MSeuhf nywp ,Ue;j fhyj;jpy; GJr;Nrhpapd; ,uhZt murpay;
nra;jpfis KfyhaUf;Fk;> Mq;fpNyaUf;Fk; $Wtjhf Mde;juq;fh; kPJ gop
Rkj;jg;gl;lJ

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

381. fhtypy; Nghlyhk;>jz;lid toq;fyhk;> ,uz;L ry;yp $l ehd;

nrYj;jkhl;Nld;. Rpiwapy; milj;J tpLtPh; vd gae;J xU thuj;jpy; gzk;
jUNtd; vd;W ePh; fUj Ntz;lhk; vd;W MSehplk; njhptpj;jth; -

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Mde;juq;fh;
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,ay; - 7 gy;fiy epWT

382. Nfs;tp> xU Gspakuk; Mrphpah;- Mj;khehk;

383. Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp Mrphpah;- jphp$l uhrg;gf; ftpuhah;.
384. jpUr;rhoy; Mrphpah; - khzpf;fthrfh;

fhyj;ij ntd;w fiy

385. kdpj Fy tsh;r;rpAld; gpd;dpg; gpize;jit - fiyAk; mwptpaYk;.
386. kdpjdpd; gilg;Gj; jpwdhy; cUthdJ - fiy
387. ek; kdj;jpy; moFzh;it Vw;gLj;jp kfpo;itj; jUtJ- fiy
388. fiyfspd; tiffs; - Ez;fiy> gad;fiy> gUz;ikf;fiy> ftpd;fiy>
epfo;j;Jf;fiy.
389. r%fj;jpd; ehfhpfk; kw;Wk; gz;ghl;L Nkd;ikia gpujpgypg;gJ – fiy
390. jkpofj;jpy; goq;fhyj;jpy; rpwg;Gw;wpUe;j fiyfs;-
rpw;gk;> fl;llk;> Mly;> ghly;
391. Mapuk; Mz;Lfs; fle;Jk; fk;gPukhf fhl;rpaspg;gJ - jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpy;.
392. fl;llf; fiy El;gk; ek;ik tpag;gilar; nra;tJ - jQ;ir nghpa Nfhapy;.

393. mz;zh gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; fl;llf; fiy (B.Arch) ,Wjpahz;L gapYk;

khzth;fs; - fjph;> epyh.

394. njhd;ikahd Nfhtpy;fSf;Fr; nrd;W fiyaoifAk;> El;gq;fisAk; xspg;glk;
vLj;J jq;fs; tiyjsj;jpy; gjpNtw;Wgth;fs;- fjph;> epyh.
395. jpUr;Rw;W khspif cs;s ,lk; - jQ;ir nghpa Nfhapy;.
396. nghpa Nfhtpypd; NfhGuq;fspy; caukhdJ - jQ;ir nghpa Nfhapy;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

397. ,uhr,uhrd; 988 Mk; Mz;L Nru ehl;il ntw;wp nfhz;lijg; Nghw;Wk;
tifapy; ,f;NfhGuj;jpw;F Nfushe;jfd; thapy; NfhGuk; vdg; ngahplg;gl;lJ.
398. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpy; fl;bath; - ,uhr,uhrd;.

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399. Nfhapypy; ,uz;L NfhGuq;fs; cs;sd- Nfushe;jfd; jpUthapy;>
,uhr,uhrd; jpUthapy;.
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400. thapy;fspd; NkNy mikf;fg;gLtJ - NfhGuk;
401. tpkhdk;; mikf;fg;gLtJ - mfehopifapd; Nky;.
402. fUtiwiaj;jhd; mfehopif vd;W miog;ghh;fs;.
403. ,uz;L Eiothapy; NfhGuq;fs; vd;gJ- gpw;fhyr; Nrhoh;fspd; jdpr;rpwg;G.
404. fw;wspf; Nfhtpy;fspilNa nghpJk;> caukhdJk; jQ;ir nghpa Nfhapy;
405. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpy; ,uhr,uhr Nrhodhy; Vwj;jho MW Mz;Lfs;
Kad;W fl;b Kbf;fg;gl;lJ.
406. jl;rpz NkU vd;W ,uhr,uhrdhy; ngUikAld; miof;fg;gl;ll Nfhapy; -
jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpy;.
407. jQ;ir nghpaNfhtpy; tpkhdk;- 216 mb cauk;.
408. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpy; fUtiw tpkhdk; - 13 mb cauk;
409. fUq;fw;fis mLf;fpf; fl;Ltjw;F fw;wsp vd;W ngah;.
410. fw;wsp vd;w tbtj;ij cUthf;fpath;- ,uz;lhk; eurpk;kth;kd;;.
411. ,uz;lhk; eurpk;k th;kd; fhyk;- 7- Mk; E}w;whz;L.
412. fw;wspf; Nfhtpy;fSf;F cjhuzk; - kfhgypGuk; flw;fiu Nfhtpy;>
fhQ;rpGuk; ifyhrehjh; Nfhtpy; > gid kiyf; Nfhtpy;.
413. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhapy; NfhGu tpkhdj;jpd; epoy; fPNo tpOtjpy;iy vd;W nrhy;tJ
- fl;Lf;fij
414. njhlf;fj;jpy; kz;zhy; fl;b> NkNy kuj;jhy; rl;lfkpl;lhh;fs; mjpy; jpy;iyf;
Nfhtpy; Fw;whyehjh; Nfhtpy; Mfpad mt;thW fl;llg;gl;lit
415. 11- Mk; E}w;whz;by;Ml;rp Ghpe;jtd; - ,uhr,uhr Nrhod;.
416. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpiy ,uhr,uhrd; 1003 - Mk; Mz;L njhlq;fp 1010 Mk;
Mz;L tiu fl;bdhh;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

417. jQ;irnghpa Nfhtpypd; 1000 - MtJ Mz;L 2010- ,y; epiwtile;jJ.

418. $iu Nta;e;j nghUs;fs; - nrk;G> nghd; jfL.
419. nrk;G> nghd;jfL nfhz;L $iu Nta;e;j Nfhtpy;fs; Nrhod; nrq;fzhd; 78

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Nfhtpy;fis fl;bapUg;gjhf jpUehTf;furh; $Wfpwhh;.
; g;gl;l ,lk;- Nfhtpy;.
420. ,ir> eldk;> ehlfk;> Nghd;w mUq;fiyfshy; tsh;ff
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421. kf;fSf;F njhpa Ntz;bar; nra;jpfs; fy;ntl;Lfshfg; nghwpf;fg;gl;lld.
422. gQ;r fhyj;jpy; kf;fSf;F cjTtjw;fhd jhdpaf; fplq;Ffs; NfhtpYf;Fs;
mikf;fg;gl;bUe;jd.
423. fUt+ykhfTk; kUj;JtkidahfTk;> Nghh;f;fhyq;fspy; giltPuh;fs; jq;ff;$ba
,lkhfTk; Nfhtpy;fs; gad;gl;ld.
424. Nfhtpy; fl;lLtjpy; ty;;yth;fs;- gy;y
; th;fs;.tprpj;jpu rpj;jd; vd;W
miof;fg;gl;lltd;- Kjyhk; kNfe;jpu th;k gy;ytd;.
425. nrq;fy;> Rz;zk;> kuk;> cNyhfk; Kjypait ,y;yhkNy gpuk><Rtu tp\;Z
Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fis mikj;jtd;- Kjyhk; kNfe;jpu th;kg; gy;ytd;.
426. Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fis mikj;jtd; - Kjyhk; kNfe;jpu th;kg; gy;ytd;.
427. Filtiuf; Nfhtpy;fs; mikj;jijf; $Wk; fy;ntl;L – kz;lfg;gl;L
fy;ntl;L.
428. fhQ;rpGuk; ifyhr ehjh; Nfhtpiy mikj;J mopahg;Gfo; ngw;wtd;-
,uhrrpk;kd;.
429. ,uhrrpk;Nkr;Ruk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk; Nfhtpy; - fhQ;rpGuk; ifyhr ehjh;
Nfhtpy;.
430. ,uhr,uhrDf;F jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpiy fl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;w Mh;tj;ij
J}z;baJ - ,uhrrpk;kdpd; ifyhrehjh; Nfhtpy; .
431. fl;llf;fiy vd;gJ ciwe;J Nghd ,ir vd;W $wpath; - gpubhpfh
nthd;];yPtpq;
432. ,e;jpaf; fl;llf;fiyg;ghzpia ehfuk;> Ntruk;> jpuhtplk; vd;W %d;whff;
$Wth;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

433. vz;gl;il tbtpy; fl;lg;gl;l jpuhtplf; fiyg;ghzpf; Nfhapy;- jQ;ir nghpa

Nfhtpy;;.
434. 1886- Mk; Mz;L 6 Mz;Lfs; fy;ntl;Lfisg; gbnaLj;J

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thrpj;J
,f;Nfhtpiy ,uhr,uhr Nrhod; jhd; fl;bdhd; vd;W cWjp nra;jth;-
n[h;kdp mwpQh; \Py;];.
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435. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpy; fUtiwapd; ,U jsq;fspy; cs;s Rw;Wf;$lk; > rhe;jhu
ehopif gFjpr; Rth;fspy; Xtpaq;fs; fhzg;gl;lij Kjd; Kjypy; fz;lwpe;jth;-
v];.Nf. Nfhtpe;jrhkp.
436. v];.Nf. Nfhtpe;jrhkp vd;gth; 1930 - ,y; rpjk;guk; mz;zhkiyg;
gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; tphpTiuahsuhfg; gzpGhpe;jth;.
437. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpypd; fUtiwapy; jsq;fspy; ,Ue;j Xtpaq;fs;-
jl;rpzh%h;j;jp Xtpak;> Re;jh; tuyhW> jphpGuhe;jfh; Xtpak;.
438. Nrhoh;fhy Xtpaq;fs; kPNj ehaf;fh; Ml;rpapy; Xtpaq;fs; tiue;jpUe;jij mwpe;J
mjid ntspAyfj;Jf;Fj; njhpag;gLj;jpath;- . .;g;nu];Nfh.
439. jQ;irf; Nfhtpy; ee;jpAk; - rpfuKk; xw;iwf;fy;yhy; Mdit.
440. ‡ g;nu];Nfh vd;w ,j;jhypaar; nrhy;Yf;F GJik vd;W ngah;.
441. Rz;zhk;Gf; fhiug;g+r;R kPJ mjd; <uk; fhAk; Kd; tiuag;gLk; goikahd
Xtpaf; fiy El;gk;- ..;g;nu];Nfh Xtpaq;fs;.
442. .‡g;nu];Nfh Xtpaq;fis m[e;jh>vy;Nyhuh> rpj;jd;dthry; Nghd;w
,lq;fspYk; fhzyhk;.
443. m[e;jh cs;s khepyk;- kfhuh\;buh.
444. vy;Nyhuh cs;s khepyk;- kfhuh\;buh.
445. rpj;jd;dthry; cs;s khepyk; - jkpo;ehL – GJf;Nfhl;il khtl;lk.
446. jQ;ir nghpaNfhapy; ,Uf;fpd;w nghpa ee;jpAk;> kz;lgKk; ehaf;fh;
fhyj;ijr; Nrhh;e;jJ.
447. Nrhoh;fhyj;J ee;jp jw;NghJ njd;Gwj; jpUr;Rw;wpy; cs;;sJ.
448. rpfuj;jpy; cs;s gpuke;jpuf; fy; xw;iwf;fy; md;W gjpd;%d;W jsq;fis
cila fUtiw tpkhdj;jpd; Nky; vz;gl;il mikg;gpy; MuQ;Rg; gor;Ris
Nghd;W vl;Lf;fw;fs; neUf;fkhf itj;J xl;lg;gl;ld.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

449. jkpof murpd; rpd;dk; - Nfhtpy; NfhGuk; tpy;ypg;Gj;J}hpy; cs;s Mz;lhs;

Nfhtpy;.
450. NfhGuq;fs; jdpr;rpwg;G ngw;WJ - 12 Mk; E}w;whz;L .

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451. ,uz;L NfhGuq;fisf; fl;Lk; Gjpa kuigj; Njhw;Wtpj;jtd;- ,uhr,uhrd;.
452. ,uz;L NfhGuq;fisf; fl;Lk; Gjpa kuig jpUthapy; vd;W nrhy;thh;fs;.
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453. ,uz;L thapy;fis cila Nfhtpy;fs;- fq;if nfhz;l Nrho Guk;>
jhuhRuk;> jphpGtdk;.
454. ehd;F Gwq;fspYk; ehd;F NfhGuq;fs; vOg;gg; ngWk; kuG ahUila fhyj;jpy;
njhlq;fg;gl;ld- ,uz;lhk; FNyhj;Jq;fr; Nrhod;.
455. Gfo; ngw;w Nfhtpy;fs; gytw;wpYk; kpf cah;e;j NfhGuj;ij vOg;gpaJ- tp[aefu
muR.
456. 150- mbf;F Nky; cauk; nfhz;l NfhGuq;fs; - fhQ;rp > jpy;iy>
jpUtz;zhkiy> jpUtuq;fk;> kJiu.
457. ngz; mjpfhhpfs; muRg; gzpapy; ,Ue;jJ - ,uhr,uhrd; fhyj;jpy; .
458. ,uhr,uhrdpd; gl;lj;jurp xNyhfkhNjtp jpUitahw;wpy; fl;ba Nfhtpy;
xNyhfkhNj tPr;Ruk; vd;W toq;fg;gLk;.
459. vUje; FQ;ru ky;yp vd;gth; - ngz; mjpfhhp.
460. Kjyhk; ,uh,uhrhjpuhrd; fhyj;jpy; ,Ue;j ngz; mjpfhhp - Nrhkad;
mkph;jty;yp.
461. jhd; kl;LNk gq;fspf;fhky; kw;wth;fspd; cjtpiaAk; fy;ntl;lhf
Mtzg;gLj;jpapUg;gth; - ,uhr,uhrd;.
462. ,uhruhrdpd; jkf;if- Fe;jit Njtp jdf;F mLj;jgbahd ,lj;ij
mspj;Js;shh;.
463. kw;wth;fspd; cjtpiaAk; cyfk; mwpAk;gb nra;jth; - ,uhruhrd;.
464. ngz;L vd;why; kidtp.
465. jQ;ir nghpa Nfhtpiyf; fl;ba jr;rh;fspd; ngah;fs;- tPuNrhod;
FQ;ruky;yd; ,uhr,uhrg; ngUe;jr;rd;> kJuhe;jfdhd epj;j tpNdhjg;
ngUe;jr;rd;> ,yj;jpriladhd fz;luhjpj;jg; ngUe;jr;rd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-8 itaj; jiyik nfhs;;

466. fhw;wpy; fye;j NgNuhir Mrphpah; - Re;ju uhkrhkp

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467. Gul;rpf; ftp Mrphpah; - ghujpjhrd;
468. gjpw;Wg; gj;J Mrphpah; - Fkl;^h;f; fz;zdhh;

fhw;wpy; fye;j NgNuhir

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469. nts;sg; ngUf;F Vw;gl;l ,lk;- jpUthq;$h;
470. ehQ;rpy; ehl;bd; tlf;Fg; gFjp- Njhthis
471. nts;sg; ngUf;fpdhy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;Gfs; Fwpj;Jg; Ngrp epjp jpul;bath;-[{th
472. murpay; rpe;jidapYk; nghJTilikr; rpe;jidapYk; $h;thsha; nkUNfw;wpf;
nfhz;lth; - [{th
473. r%f eyDf;fhfj; jd;id <LgLj;jpf; nfhz;lth ;- [{th
474. [{th kiwe;jJ -1963 [dthp 18
475. [dg;gpusaj;jpd; Kd;dhy; epd;W rq;fehjk; vOg;gpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghNj caph;
Jwe;jth; - [{th
476. ’%r;R epd;W tpl;lJ” vd;W ehd; nrhd;dNghJ ‘Ngr;R epd;w Nghjh?” vd;W
Fwpg;gpl;lth;- [{th
477. kpd;rf;jpf;F xspAUtk; nfhLj;jth; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgth;- [{th
478. rpj;jhe;j fUj;Jf;fisj; jkJ mhpa jpwikahy;> caph; ngwr; nra;J kdpjd; Kd;
gilj;jth;- [{th
479. fw;gidf;F vl;lhj Nguhw;wy; - kdpjr; rpe;jid
480. vd;id eP gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;tNj eP vdf;Fj; jUk; ifk;khW vd;W gpuhu;j;jid
nra;jth;- [{th
481. NgRifapy; ntspg;gLk; cj;jpfSk;> Ngr;ir mikf;Fk; moFk; ntF
E}jdkhfTk; espdkhfTk; [{th Ngr;rpy; ,Uf;Fk;
482. Ngr;Rf; fiyapd; tpjpfis fhypy; Nghl;L kpjpj;jth; - [{th
483. ek;ehl;L kf;fspd; juj;ijAk; mDgt mwpitAk;> gof;f tof;fq;fisAk; mwpe;j
nfhz;l xU kdpjd; - [{th

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

484. fUj;Jf;fis tphpthfr; nrhy;yp Ghpaitj;J tpl;lhy; NghJk; vd;gJ ahUila

vz;zk;- [{th vz;zk;
485. Ngr;Rf;fiy ahUila fhypy; tpOe;J fple;jJ - [{th

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486. ehd; xU gs;sp khztd; gbj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpNwd;> gbj;Jf; nfhz;Nl
,Ug;Ngd; vd;W $Wgth;- [{th
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487. ”vd;; tho;T vd; iffspy”; vd;W ek;gpath;- [{th
488. Mw;wpy; fpisiag; Nghl;lhw;Nghy; tho;e;jpUf;f Ntz;bath;- nrhhpKj;J
489. ,aw;ifapd; tpjpfis kWj;J vjpHePr;ry; Nghlj; Jzpe;jtH- nrhhpKj;J
490. Ngr;;Rf;fiy [{th ngw;w tuk; vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;.
491. flTspd; Kd;Ndw;ghLfis jfHj;J vwpe;jtH - [{th.
492. [{th vd;W miof;fg;gLgtH - g.[{thde;jk;;.
493. njhlf;fj;jpy; fhe;jpathjpahfTk; gpwF Rakhpahij ,af;fg; NghuhspahfTk;
khwpatH - [{th.
494. nghJTilikj; jiytuhf ,Ue;jtH - [{th.
495. rpwe;j jopo;g;gw;whsH> vspikapd; milahskhfj; jpfo;e;jth; - [{th.
496. ehfh; Nfhtpiyr; NrHe;jtH- Re;ju uhkrhkp.
497. etPd jopo; vOj;jhsHfspy; XUtH- Re;ju uhkrhkp.
498. gRta;ah vd;w Gid ngahpy; ftpijfs; vOjpatH- Re;ju uhkrhkp.
499. Re;ju uhkrhkp vOjpa rpWfijfs;- uj;dhghapd; Mq;fpyk;> fhfq;fs;.
500. Re;ju uhkrhkp vOjpa Gjpdq;fs;-XU Gspa kuj;jpd; fij> N[> N[> rpy
Fwpg;Gfs;> Foe;ijfs; ngz;fs; Mz;fs;.
501. nrk;kPd;> Njhl;bapd; kfd; Mfpa Gjpdq;fis kiyahsj;jpypUe;J jkpOf;F
nkhopngaHj;Js;shh;.
502. 1963 jhkiu ,jopd; [{th gw;wpa rpwg;G kyhpy; ntspahdf; fl;Liu-fhw;wpy;
fye;j NgNuhir.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; -9 nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT

503. fhtpak; vd;w ftpijapd; Mrphpah; - gpukps;

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504. njhiye;J Nghdth;fs; Mrphpah; - mg;Jy; uFkhd;
505. tpy;ypghujk; Mrphpah; - tpy;ypGj;J}uhh;
506. fhQ;rid Kd;Diu Mrphpah; - GJikg;gpj;jd;
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rpj;jh; cyfk;
507. rkaq;fspy; ,Uf;Fk; Njitaw;w rlq;Ffis tpUk;ghjth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
508. ,ay;ghd kdpj Neak; nfhz;lth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
509. kdpj tho;tpay; Fwpj;j nka;apay; Nfhl;ghLfis Kd;Diuj;jth; - rpj;jh;fs;
510. thOk; fiyia mwpe;jth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
511. tpopg;G epiyia czh;e;J rpj;jj;ij ntd;W ‘rpj;J”vd;Dk; Nguwptpidg;
ngw;wth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
512. njhy;fhg;gpaKk;>jpUf;FwSk; rpj;jh;fis vt;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ – epiwnkhop
khe;jh;
513. rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; ehLfhz; fhijapy; ,lk;ngWk; rpj;jd; nrhy;Yf;F chpath;fs;
- rpj;jh;fs;
514. mwpT NtW>Qhdk; NtW vd;W cyfpw;F tpsf;fpath;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
515. Nahf khh;ff
; j;ijAk; >Qhd khh;ff
; j;ijAk; jq;fspd; cah;newpfshff;
nfhz;lth;fs;- rpj;jh;fs;
516. ’gpwg;gWj;jth;fs;” vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
517. kdkJ nrk;ikahdhy; ke;jpuk; nrgpf;f Ntz;lhk; vd;W $wpaJ –
mfj;jpa Qhdk;
518. rpj;jh;fs; vd;why; epiwtile;jth; vd;W nghUs;
519. rpj;J vd;Dk; nrhy; kdk;>fUj;J > Md;kh vd;w nghUs;fisf; nfhz;lJ
520. jkpo; Ngufuhjpapd; gb rpj;jp vd;w nrhy; nka;awpjy;>ntw;wp> fhhpak; if$ly;
vd;W gy nghUs;gLk;.
521. ‘ ahk; ngw;w ,d;gk; ngWf ,t;itafk;”vd;gJ ahUila Nehf;fk; - rpj;jh;fs;
rpj;jh;fspy; Mjp rpj;jh; - jpU%yh; ( fhyk; -fp.gp.5>6Mk; E}w;whz;L)
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

522. rpj;jh;fspy; fyff;fhuh; vd;W fUjg;gLgth; - rpt thf;fpahh;( 9 Mk;

E}w;whz;L)
523. gjpndz; rpj;jh;fs; vd;gJ – 18 Ngh;

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524. gjpndz; rpj;jh;fs; vd;gJ vz;zpf;ifiaf; Fwpf;ftpy;iy khwhf mth;fs;
ngw;w 18 NgWfisf; Fwpf;fpwJ.
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525. vdf;F Kd;Nd rpj;jh; gyh; ,Ue;jhh; mg;gh ahDk; te;Njd; xU rpj;jd; ,e;j
ehl;by; - vd;W$Wgth; - ghujpahh;
526. ‘ xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd; “ vd;gJ jpU%yhpd; flTs; nfhs;if.
527. ‘ xd;nwd;wpU nja;tk; cz;nld;wpU” vd;W ghLgth; - gl;bdj;jhh;
528. “el;l fy;Yk; NgRNkh ehjd; cs;spUf;ifapy;” vd;W $wpath; - rpt
thf;fpahh;
529. Md;khit cs;Szh;tpy; mwptJ – rpj;jh; nka;awpT
530. ‘Qhdj;jpd; kpf;f mwnewp ehl;by;iy “ vd;fpwJ – jpUke;jpuk;
531. jd;id mwpjy; vd;gJ – rpj;jh;fspd; tPLNgW
532. jd;id mwpe;j epiyapy; jd; cz;ik epiyia mwpjy; jd;id mwptjw;F ehd;
vd;w mfq;fhuk; mopa Ntz;L;k;
533. jd;id mwpe;j epiyapy; Md;kh jhNd jdf;Fj; jiytdha; epw;Fk; vd;gJ
jpU%yh; thf;F
534. jd;id mwptjw;F ehd; vd;Dk; mfq;fhuk; mopa Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpath; - rpt
thf;fpahh;
535. “.......... ehnlhzhj mkph;jKz;L” ehd; mope;J epd;w ehs; vd;W $Wgth; -
rptthf;fpahh;
536. rpj;jh; ghly;fs; vd;wJk; Kjypy; ek; epidTf;F tUtJ mth;fSila Mo;e;j
r%f czh;Nt MFk; .
537. r%fj;jpy; epytpa gy;NtW fz;%bg; gof;ftof;fq;fisAk; > %l
ek;gpf;iffisAk; > nghUsw;w nray;fisAk;> Nghypr; rlq;FfisAk;
neQ;Ruj;NjhLk; Neh;ik jpwj;NjhLk; fLikahfr; rhbath;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
538. rpj;jh;fis fpsh;r;rpahsh;fs; vd;W $Wgth;fs;-f.ifyhrgjp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

539. rhjpf; nfhLikf;F Kw;Wg;Gs;sp itf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W ghbath;fs;- rpj;jh;fs;

540. ‘ rhjp Ngjk; XJfpd;w jd;ik vd;d jd;ikNah”? vd;W ghbath; -
rptthf;fpahh;

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541. ‘ rhjpg;gphptpdpNy jPia %l;LNthk;” vd;W ghbath; -ghk;ghl;br; rpj;jh;
542. Mjpfgpyh; nrhd;d Mfkj;jpd; nrhw;gbNa rhjptif ,y;yhky; rQ;rhpg;gJ
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vf;fhyk; vd;W ghbath; - gj;jpu fphpahh;.
543. rpj;jh;fis ,urthjpfs; vd;W fUJk; khepyk; - jkpo;ehL
544. rpj;jh;fs; jq;fspd; Nahf rhjidia cs;shh;e;j Md;kPf ,urthj nkd;Nw
fUjpdhh;fs;
545. ml;lkh rpj;jpfs; - 8
mzpkh - mZitg; Nghy rpWj;J epw;Fk; Mw;wy;
kfpkh - tiuaiwaw;W tphpe;J glUk; Mw;wy;
yfpkh - fhw;wpy; kpjf;Fk; Mw;wy;
fhpkh - vq;Fk; tpahgpj;jpUf;Fk; Mw;wy;
gpuhfhkpak; - ,aw;ifj; jilfisf; flf;Fk; Mw;wy;
<rj;Jtk; - gilf;fTk;>mlf;fTk; nfhz;lMw;wy;
trpj;tk; - cyf gilg;Gfis vy;yhk; mlf;fp thOk;Mw;wy;
fhkh trhapj;tk; - tpUk;gpaij Kbf;Fk; Mw;wy;
546. cNyhfj;ij jq;fkhf khw;Wk; fiy - ,urthjk; ,ijr; nra;jth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
547. jk; cliyAk;>cs;sj;ijAk; cah;e;j Md;kh epiyf;F khw;Wgth;fs; -rpj;jh;fs;
548. Md;kPf ,urthjp – rpj;jh;
549. clk;gpd; ,d;wpaikahikiag; gy ghly;fspy; typAWj;Jgth; - jpU%yh;
550. ‘ clk;ig tsh;j;Njd; > caph; tsh;j;NjNd”
“ cs;sk; ngUq;Nfhapy; CDlk;G Myak;
vd;w ghlybfs; jpU%yhpd; - jpUke;jpuj;jpy; fhzyhk; .
551. ee;jtdj;jpNyhh; Mz;b – mtd;
ehyhW khjkha;f; Fatid Ntz;bf;
nfhz;L te;jhndhU Njhz;b – mij
$j;jhbf; $j;jhbg; Nghl;Lilj; jhz;b vd;W ghbath; - fLntspr;rpj;jh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

552. mz;lj;jpy; cs;sJ gpz;lk; >gpz;lj;jpy; cs;sJ mz;lk; vd;gJ rpj;jh;

nkhopahFk;
553. rpj;j kUj;Jtk; vd;w jdpg;gphpT Njhd;w fhuzkhdth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;

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554. jhtuq;fspy; Neha; jPh;fF
; k; kUe;Jfis cUthf;Fk; mwpTilath;fs; -
rpj;jh;fs;
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555. ehb gpbj;J Neha; mwpAk; jpwd; ngw;wth;fs; - rpj;jh;fs;
556. kiwnghUs; $w;Wfshf> FO cf;Fwpfshf ahUila ghly;fs; ,Uf;fpd;wd –
rpj;jh; ghly;fs;
557. khq;fha;g;ghy; vDk; nrhy; Fz;lypdp rf;jpia cr;rpapy; Vw;wp mKjk; cz;Zk;
epiyiaf; $Wk; .
558. jd;idawpe;J ,d;gKw ntz;zpyhNt ! – xU
je;jpuk; eP nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; ntz;zpyhNt !
ehjh;Kb NkypUf;Fk; ntz;zpyhNt ! –mq;Nf
ehDk; tu Ntz;LfpNwd; ntz;zpyhNt !
vd;W ghbath; - ts;syhh;
559. rpj;jh;fs; ghba ghly;fs; jkpo;nkhopapd; mwpTg; ngl;lfk;
560. kUj;Jtk;>ke;jpuk;>,urthjk;>Nahfk;>Qhdk; Nghd;w gy Jiwfspy; rpj;jh;fs;
ghly;fs; ghbAs;shh;fs;
561. Kg;ngUk; Qhdpah; - ts;syhh;>jhAkhdth;>ghujpahh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 10 ahiuAk; kjpj;J tho;

562. jh$hpd; fbjq;fs; - jh$h;

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563. xt;nthU Gy;iyAk; Mrphpah; - ,d;Fyhg;
564. kNdhd;kzPak; Mrphpah; - ng. Re;judhh;
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565. nrt;tp Mrphpah; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
jh$hpd; fbjq;fs;
566. nra;jpia chpatUf;F njhptpg;gjw;fhf vOjp mDg;gg;gLtJ – fbjk;
567. chpa tbTld; nghUs; nrwpthYk; fw;gid eaj;jhYk;> nkhop tsj;jhYk;
cUg;ngWtJ – fbj ,yf;fpak;
568. ciueilapy; kl;Lkpd;wpf; fhg;gpaq;fspYk;> rpw;wpyf;fpaq;fspYk; $lf; fbj
,yf;fpak; fhzg;gLtJ mjd; fhyj; njhd;ikia tpsf;Fk;
569. ftpj;Jt ,ay;G nfhz;lJ – jh$hpd; fbjq;fs;
570. jh$hpd; fbjq;fs; fw;gid> eifr;Rit> Mo;e;j rpe;jid Mfpatw;iw
cs;slf;fpAs;sd
571. fpof;F tq;fhsj;jpd; nghpa ejp – gj;kh
572. kdpj rKjhak; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhdjhf jiyJ}f;fp epw;gJ – gl;lzj;jpy;
573. kdpjDila nfh^uj; jd;ik ntspg;gLtJ – gl;lzj;jpy;
574. jd; Rfj;jpw;F Kd; kw;w caph;fspd; RfJf;fq;fisg; gw;wp vz;Ztjpy;iy vd;W
jh$h; ahiuf; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; - kdpjd;
575. kdpjDf;F Kf;fpakhd ,lk; jUtJ – INuhg;gh
576. gpuhzpfisr; rhjhuz caph;fs; vd;W epidg;gth;fs; - INuhg;gh
577. kdpjd; tpyq;fhf khWtijNah> tpyq;F kdpjdhf khWtijNah gw;wpj; jtwhf
vz;zhjth;fs; - ghuj ehl;bdh;(,e;jpah)
578. vy;yh caph;fsplj;Jk; fUiz fhl;lr; nrhy;tJ – rhj;jpuq;fs;
579. jh$hpd; fbjj;jpd; jiyg;G – rpjwpa fbjq;fs; (rpjwpa gf;fq;fs 113
Mk; fbjk;)
580. kyhplk; myl;rpa kdg;ghd;ik nfhz;lth;fs; - ghuj ehl;bdh; (,e;jpah)

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

581. ‘[hjP” vd;gJ Ky;iy tifapy; xU g+ (rNkyp) vd;gijj; njhpe;J nfhz;Nlhk;.

582. ve;j kyh; vd;W ,d;W tiu gyiuf; Nfl;Lk; gjpy; fpilf;fhj kyhpd; ngah; -
N]Te;jp

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583. rhe;jp epNfjdj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w kuj;jpd; ngah; - gpahy
584. rk];fpUjj;jpy; ,Uf;fpd;w fhtpaq;fspy; Gfo; ngw;w kuk; - gpahy
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585. fNghjh~p – Gwhf;fz;zp> ka+uh~p – kapy; tpopahs;> ,r;rhkjp
– tpUg;Gilats;
586. nkBhpayprk; vd;gJ jhk]pfk;
587. ehfhpf tof;fj;jpy; fhyj;Jf;Nfw;wgb rPff
; puNk thbLk; kyh;fSld; njhlh;G
cz;L. Njhl;lf;fhuDila iffspy; mtw;iwg; guhkhpf;Fk; nghWg;G ,Uf;Fk;.
kyh;r; nrg;gpDs; tof;fk; Nghy; NghtJk; tUtJk;jhd; mtw;wpd; Ntiy
,ijj;jhd; jhk]pfk; vd;fpd;Nwhk;
588. kyh;fspd; uh[;aj;jpy; mtDila Ngdhtpd; elkhl;lk; vj;Jizf; FWfpaJ
ahUila Ngdh – ftpQhpd; epiy
589. fhfk; - ngs> Fapy; - fjh> ikdh – fNth
590. jh$h; Fwpg;gpLk; ghPl;irapy; Njw Ntz;ba ghlk; - rhpj;jpuk;
591. Gj;jf %l;ilahy; cUthdJ – Njrg;gw;W
592. “topapYk;>topKbtpYk;” vd;gJ 42 Mk; fbjk;
593. rpjwpa gf;fq;fs; vd;gJ 113 Mk; fbjk;
594. rpjwpa fbjq;fs; vOjpa ehs; - rpyhapj`;> 9 Mf];l; 1894
595. “topapYk; topKbtpYk;” vOjpa ehs;- 16 nrg;lk;gh; 1929
596. ghuk;ghpaj;jpy; Nt&d;wpa etPd kdpjh; - jh$h;
; jhprp – jh$h;
597. fpof;ifAk; Nkw;ifAk; ,izj;j jPh;ff
598. jh$h; ftpij vOjj; njhlq;fpa NghJ taJ – 16
599. fPjhQ;ryp vd;w E}iy 1913-,y; je;jth; - jh$h;
600. fPjhQ;ryp vd;w ftpij E}ypd; Mq;fpy nkhopngah;g;Gf;fhf ,yf;fpaj;Jf;fhd
Nehgy; ghpR ngw;wth; - jh$h;
601. [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiy eilngw;w Mz;L – 1919

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

602. [hypad; thyhghf; gLnfhiyf;F tUe;jpath; - jh$h; Mq;fpNya muirf;

fz;bj;J mth;fs; toq;fpa rh; gl;lj;ij Jwe;jhh;
603. ‘rh; gl;lk;”; ngw;wth; - jh$h;

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604. ,yf;fpaj;jpd; gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; jh$h; E}y;fis vOjpAs;shh;
❖ ,uz;lhapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ,irg;ghly;fs;
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❖ Mapuj;Jf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l ftpijfs;
❖ ,UgJ ngU ehlfq;fs;> FW ehlfq;fs;
❖ vl;L ehty;fs;
❖ vl;Lf;Fk; Nkw;gl;l rpWfijj; njhFg;Gfs;
❖ Xtpag; gilg;Gfs;
❖ gazf; fl;Liufs;
❖ Mq;fpy nkhopngah;g;Gfs;
605. Foe;ijfs; ,aw;ifapd; kbapy; vspikahf tsh;f;fg;gl;l Ntz;Lk; vd;W
$wpath; - jh$h;
606. jq;fs; Ntiyiaj; jhq;fNs ftdpj;Jf; nfhz;L kw;wth;fSf;Fk; njhz;L
nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W vz;zk; nfhz;lth; - jh$h;
607. 1921-,y; tp];tghujp gy;fiyf; fofj;ij epWtpath; - jh$h;
608. FUNjt; vd;W midtuhYk; md;Gld; miof;fg;gLth; - jh$h;
609. ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa fPjk; (ehl;Lg; gz;) ‘[d fz kz” vOjpath; - jh$h;
610. tq;fhs Njrj;jpd; ehl;Lg;gz; ‘mkh; Nrhdhh; gq;fsh” vOjpath; - jh$h;
611. ‘jh$hpd; fbjq;fs;” vd;Dk; E}iy ntspapl;lJ – rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkp
612. jh$hpd; fbjq;fs; vd;Dk; E}iy jkpopy; nkhopahf;fk; nra;jth; -
j.eh.FkhuRthkp
613. jh$h; fw;Wj; Njh;e;j nkhopfs; -
jkpo;>rk];fpUjk;>njYq;F>tq;fk;>ghyp>Mq;fpyk;
614. tq;f muR> jkpo; tq;f nkhopfSf;F jh$h; Mw;wpaj; njhz;ilg; ghuhl;b
‘Nejh[p ,yf;fpa tpUJ” mspj;Jr; rpwg;gpj;Js;sJ

94
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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Jizg;ghlk;
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kh.uNk\; > vk;. V.> gp. vl;.> vk;/gpy;.>
nel;> nrl;> nll;.>
KJfiy Mrphpah; (jkpo;)
muR Nky;epiyg; gs;sp>
nrd;dk;gl;b – 638 504
me;jpa+h; (tl;lk;)
<NuhL (khtl;lk;)

nry; - 97 50 37 98 82 Mail ID – [email protected]

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-1 Mwhk; jpiz

1. Mwhk; jpiz Mrphpah; - m. Kj;Jypq;fk;

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2. m. Kj;Jypq;fk; gpwe;j Ch; - aho;g;ghzk; mUfpy; nfhf;Ftpy;
3. m. Kj;Jypq;fk; jw;NghJ trpf;Fk; Ch; - fdlh
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4. m. Kj;Jypq;fj;jpd;rpWfij njhFg;Gfs; -
mf;fh> kfhuh[htpd; uapy; tz;b> jpfl rf;fuk;> tk;rtpUj;jp. tlf;F tPjp
5. ‘tk;r tpUj;jp” vDk; E}Yf;fhf jkpof murpd; guprpid 1996-Mk; Mz;L
ngw;wth; -m. Kj;Jypq;fk;
6. tlf;F tPjp vDk; rpWfijj; njhFg;Gf;fhf ,yq;if murpd; rhfpj;jpa
mfhlkp gupR ngw;wth; - m. Kj;Jypq;fk;

,ay; - 2 khkio Nghw;WJk;

ahid lhf;lh;

7. ’ ahid lhf;lh; “ vd;gJ - FWk; Gjpdk;

8. ahid lhf;lh; vd;w FWk; Gjpdj;jpd; Mrphpah; - n[aNkhfd;
9. fhl;bd; tsj;jpw;F mbg;gilahf tpsq;FtJ - ahidfs;
10. fhl;bd; %yth; - ahidfs;
11. ekJ gz;ghL>fiyfspy; gphpf;f Kbahj mq;fkhf tpsq;FtJ - ahidfs;
12. kpUf lhf;luhfKg;gJ Mz;LfSf;F Kd; lhg; ];ypg;Gf;F te;jth;
- lhf;lh;. tp. fpU\;z%h;j;jp
13. lhf;lh; . Nf .vd;W miof;fg;gLgth; - lhf;lh;.tp. fpU\;z%h;j;jp
14. ‘,e;jpa tdtpay; Jiwapd;“ ifNaL ahh; vOjpaJ
lhf;lh;.tp.fpU\;z%h;j;jp
15. ahidfspd; cly; epiyia NgZtjw;fhf tpjpKiwfis cUthf;fpath;
- lhf;lh;.tp.fpU\;z%h;j;jp
16. fhrpuq;fh vjw;Fg; ngah; ngw;wJ - fhz;lhkpUfk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

17. KJkiyapy; ,Ue;j kiytho; kf;fs; - FWk;gh;

18. ahidfSf;fhfj; jd; tho;ehisNa mh;g;gzpj;jth; -
lhf;lh;.tp.fpU\;z%h;j;jp
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19. tdg; NgZeh;fSf;F toq;fg;gLk; kpf cahpa tpUJ - NtZNkdd;. VyP];.
20. 2000-Mk; Mz;by; NtZNkdd; VyP];- tpUJ ngw;wth; -
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lhf;lh;.tp.fpU\;z%h;j;jp.
21. jkpoff; Nfhtpy; ahidfSf;F tdg; Gj;Jzh;r;rp jpl;lj;ij mwpKfg;gLj;jp
murpd; %yk; nray;gLj;jpath; - lhf;lh;.tp. fpU\;z%h;j;jp
22. ’ fho;tiu epy;yhf; fLq;fspw;W xUj;jy; aho;tiuj; jq;fpahq;L “vd;w thpfs; ,lk;
ngw;w E}y; - fypj;njhif
23. mjpf ehs;fs; thOk; jiutho; tpyq;F - ahid
24. rpq;fk; > Gyp neUq;f mQ;Rk; tpyq;F - ahid
25. mjpf Qhgf rf;jp nfhz;l tpyq;F - ahid
26. ahidfspy; %d;W rpw;wpdq;fs; cyfpy; vQ;rpAs;sd

1.Mg;gphpf;fg; Gjh;ntsp ahidfs;

2.Mg;gphpf;ff; fhl;L ahidfs;

3.Mrpa ahidfs;

27. nghJthf vy;yh ahidfSk; Vwj;jho- 70 Mz;Lfs; tiu caph; tho;fpd;wd.

28. epfz;Lfspy; ahidiaf; Fwpf;Fk; NtW nrhw;fs;-
1. fak; 2.Ntok; 3.FspW 4.gpspW
5.fsgk; 6.khjq;fk; 7.ifk;kh 8.thuzk;
9.mQ;rdhtjp 10.mj;jp 11.mj;jpdp 12.muRth
13.my;ypad; 14.MDgik 15.Mid 16.,gk;
17.,ujp 18.FQ;ruk 19.ty;tpyq;F 20.fhp
21.mQ;rdk;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 3 3 gPL ngw epy;

thbthry;

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29. thbthry; FWk;Gjpdj;jpd; Mrphpah; - rp.R.nry;yg;gh
30. xj;ijf;F xj;ijahf kpUfj;Jf;Fk;> kDrDf;Fk; elf;Fk; tptfhuj;Jf;F KbT
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fhZk; ,lk; - thbthry;
31. kdpjd; tpisahl;lhf epidj;jhYk; kpUfj;Jf;F mJ tpisahl;ld;W mJjhd; -
[y;ypf;fl;L
32. fUg;G gprhR– thbGuk; fhis
33. fhisia mlf;FgtDf;F - ,uz;L gTd; jq;fk;
34. VWjOTjy; gw;wpf; $Wk; vl;Lj; njhif E}y; - fypj;njhif
35. mstpy; rpWfijia tpl ePskhfTk;>Gjpdj;ij tplr; rpwpajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk; fij
– FWk; Gjpdk;
36. rpWfijf;Fk; Gjpdj;Jf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l tbtk; - FWk; Gjpdk;
37. rp.R.nry;yg;gh cjtp Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jo;fs; - re;jpNuhjak;> jpdkzp
38. vOj;J ,jopidj; njhlq;fpath; - rp.R.nry;yg;gh
39. etPd jkpo; ,yf;fpa kWkyh;r;rpf;F tpj;jpl;lth; - rp.R.nry;yg;gh
40. rp.R.nry;yg;ghtpd; gilg;Gfs;-
thbthry;>Rje;jpujhfk;>[Ptdhk;rk;>gp.v];.uhikahtpd; rpWfijg; ghzp>jkpo;r;
rpWfij gpwf;fpwJ
41. 2001k; Mz;L rp.R.nry;yg;gh ve;j E}Yf;fhf rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkp tpUJ
ngw;whh; - Rje;jpu jhfk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-4 ,dpnahU tpjp nra;Nthk;

,dpf;Fk; ,d;Rypd;

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42. WHO – vd;gJ – World Health Organization (cyf ey epWtdk;)
; iu Nehahy; ,we;jth;fspd; vz;zpf;if – 34
43. 2015-WHO mwpf;ifapd; gb rh;ff
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,yl;rk;
44. cyfj;jpNyNa ,uz;lhk; tif ePhpopT FiwghL vd;Dk; rh;ff
; iu Nehapd;
jiyikafkhf 5 Nfhb kf;fs; njhifAld; Kd;dzpapy; ,Uf;Fk; ehL –
,e;jpah
45. ,ja Neha;> rpWePufr; nraypog;G> fz; ghh;itf; FiwghL> euk;G kz;lyf; FiwghL
Nghd;w gy cly; cWg;Gfis Klkhf;Fk; Neha;fspd; gpwg;gplk; -
ePhpopT FiwghL
46. ePhpopT Neha;fs; vj;jid tifg;gLk; -3

1. ,d;Rypd;rhh; ePhpopT Neha;

2. ,d;Rypd; ePhpopT Neha;

3. ePhpopT Nehapd; mwpFwpfs;

47. ,e;jpahtpy; ePhpopT FiwghL fpuhkj;jpy; - 5.2 tpOf;fhL

efuj;jpy; - 11.2% tpOf;fhL
48. %d;W khj FSf;Nfh]; ruhrhpf;F toq;Fk; Ma;tpd; ngah; - HbA1C
49. FUjpapy; caph;tspia clk;G KOf;f vLj;Jr;nry;Yk; gFjp - `PNkhFNshgpd;

Hb
50. FUjpapy; FSf;Nfhi] Vw;wpr;nry;Yk; gFjp – A1C
51. ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; `hh;Nkhd; - ,d;Rypd;
52. yhq;fh;`hd; jpl;Lfs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; - fizak;
53. fizaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; yhq;fh;`hd; jpl;Lfspy; ,Uf;Fk; gPl;lh nry;fshy;
cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLk; Guj %yf;$W - ,d;Rypd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

54. gPl;lh nry;fs; ,Ug;gJ - yhq;fh;`hd; jpl;Lfspy;

55. tsh;r;rpij khw;wj;jpw;F kpfTk; ,d;wpaikahj Gujk; - fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;
56. FSf;Nfhi] clypy; cs;s xt;nthU nry;Yf;Fk; nfhz;Lnrd;W cly; ,aq;fj;

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Njitahd Mw;wiy mspg;gJ - ,d;Rypd;
57. i`g;Nghjhyki]f; fl;Lg;gLj;JtJ - ,d;Rypd;
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58. grpiaj; J}z;LtJ - i`g;Nghjhyk];
59. xU nlrp ypl;lh; FUjpf;F 70 Kjy; 100 kpy;ypfpuhk; FSf;Nfh]; ,Ue;jhy; mJ
ePhpopT FiwghL mw;w epiy
60. xU nlrp ypl;lh; FUjpf;F 100 Kjy; 126 kpy;ypfpuhk; FSf;Nfh]; ,Ue;jhy; mJ
– ePhpoptpd; Muk;gepiy
61. xU nlrp ypl;lh; FUjpf;F 126 kpy;ypfpuhKf;F Nky; FSf;Nfh]; ,Ue;jhy; mJ
– Kjph;e;j epiy
62. fy;yPuypYk; cly; jirfspYk; fpisf;Nfh[idr; Nrkpf;fr; nra;tJ - ,d;Rypd;
; iuapd; msT rPuhf ,Ug;gjw;F ,d;Rypd; mtrpak;
63. rh;ff
64. eha; xd;wpd; fizaj;ij mfw;wp Muha;r;rp nra;jth;fs; - 1889 - ,y; M];fh;
kpd;Nfh];fpN[hrg; thd; nkhpq; (n[h;khdpa mwptpay; mwpQh;fs;)
65. rh;ff
; iuf;Fk; fizaj;jpw;Fk; cs;s njhlh;ig Kjd; Kjyhf mwptpj;j mwptpay;
mwpQh;fs; - M];fh; kpd;Nfh];f N[hrg; thd; nkhpq;
66. 1910-,y; fizaj;jpy; cs;s yhq;fh;`hd; jpl;Lfis Muhaj; njhlq;fpath; - rh;
vl;th;L My;gh;l; \hh;Ng rh ‡Ng
67. ehapd; fizaj;jpypUe;J ,d;Rypidg; gphpj;njLj;J ntw;wp ngw;wth;fs; -1921
fdlhitr; Nrh;e;j ‡gpnunlhpf; ghz;bq; > rhh;y]; ng];l;
68. ‡gpnunlhpf; ghz;bq; >rhh;y]; ng];l; Nghd;w ntw;wpahsh;fSld; N[.gp.fhypg; >
[hd;khf;ypahL vd;gtUk; ,ize;J nfhz;lhh;fs;
69. J}a ,d;#ypid tpyq;FfsplkpUe;J gphpj;njLg;gjpy; ntw;wp fz;lth;fs; -
‡gpnunlhpf; ghz;bq; > rhh;y]; ng];l;> N[.gp.fhypg; > [hd; khf;ypahL (
1923 - ,y; ,th;fs; midtUf;Fk; Nehgy; ghpR fpilj;jJ.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

70. Kjy; kugZ nghwpapay; njhopy;El;gr; nraw;if kdpj ,d;Rypd; 1978 ,y;
ghf;Bahitg; gad;gLj;jp cUthf;fg;gl;lJ .
71. etk;gh; -14 cyf ePhpopT Neha; jpdk; vd;W 1991 Kjy; cyf ey epWtdk;

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filgpbj;J tpopg;Gzh;it Vw;gLj;jp tUfpwJ .
72. ahUila gpwe;j ehs; cyf ePhpopT ehshff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ - ‡gpnunlhpf;
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ghz;bq;
73. rf;fiuapd; cah;it mse;J mjd; mbg;gilapy; czTfis vj;jid
epiyAs;sdthf mwptpay; cyfk gphpf;fpwJ - %d;W
74. r.c.F.vd;gJ - rh;f;fiu cah;jy; FwpaPl;L vz;fs;
75. FSf;Nfh]; vdg;gLk; rh;f;fiuapd; r.c.F.vz; - 100
76. Fiwe;j rh;f;fiu FwpaPl;L vz;fs; cilait fha;fwpfs;>; fPiufs;
77. njhw;wh Neha; vd;gJ - ePhpopT Neha;
78. MAh;Ntj kUj;Jt Kiwapy; ePhpopT Nehia vg;ngahpl;L miof;fpd;wdh; -
kJNkfk;

,ay; - 5 Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk;

,johsh; ghujp

79. r%jhaj;jpw;F Njitahd ghlq;fis Kd; itg;gth;fs; - ,jo;fspd;

Mrphpah;fs;
80. rpwg;G gj;jphpf;ifahsd; vd;gtd; - ey;y Mrhd;
81. nrk;nkhopahfj; jpfOk; ek; nkhop Gjpa eilAk;> Gjpa ciuAk;>Gjpa
nghUSk;>nfhz;L vOr;rpAld; jpfof; fhuzkhf mike;j jkpo; rpwg;G - ghujpahh;
82. ghujpahhpd; kw;nwhU ghpkhzk; - ,jopay; gzp
83. kfhftp vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgth; - ghujpahh;
84. ftpQh;>Ngr;rhsh;>ghlfh;>fl;Liuahsh;>fijMrphpah;>nkhopngah;g;ghsh;>murpay;
mwpQh;>Md;kPfthjp> ,johsh; vdg; gy ghpkhzq;fspy; jpfo;e;jth; - ghujpahh;
85. ghujp gpwe;j Ch; - vl;;laGuk; (J}j;Jf;Fb)

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

86. vl;laGu rk];jhdj;jpy; gzpahw;wpath; - rpd;dr;rhkp Iah; (ghujp je;ij)

87. kJiu NrJgjp cah;epiyg;gs;spapy; jkpohrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath; - ghujpahh;
88. ghujp cjtp Mrphpahug; gzpahw;wpa ,jo; - RNjrkpj;ud;

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89. ghujp MrphpauhfTk;> Jiz MrphpauhfTk;> gzpahw;wpa ,jo;fs; -
RNjrkpj;ud; rf;futh;j;jpdp>,e;jpah>ghyghujp>(m) aq; ,e;jpah> tp[ah> #h;Nahjak;>
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fh;kNahfp
90. ,johsuhff; nfhz;lhlj; jtwpath; - ghujpahh;
91. ahiu vd;Dk; Nghnjy;yhk; ehl;bd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpy; vdJ gq;Fk; ,lk;ngw
Ntz;Lk; vd;w ce;Jjy; Vw;gLtjhf kfs; jd; mg;ghtpw;F vOjpa fbjj;jpy;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhs; - ghujp .
92. ahid kpjpj;Jr; nrj;Jg; Nghdth; - ghujpahh;
93. gilg;ghsh;fSk;> rpe;jidahsh;fSk;> ahiuf; nfhz;lhlg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd kfs;
njhptpf;fpwhs;- ghujpahh;.
94. rh;t[d kpj;jpud;> QhdghD> fhkd; tPy;> fiykfs;> Njrgf;jd;> fjhuj;dhfuk;
Nghd;w ,jo;fspd; gilg;Gfis ntspapl;lth; - ghujp
95. ‘ jhd; “ vd;w xd;iw xopj;jth; - ghujp
96. ghujpapd; Gidg; ngah;fs;:
,sir Rg;gukzpad;> rhtpj;jphp> rp.R.ghujp> Ntjhe;jp> epj;jpa jPuh;> cj;jk
Njrhgpkhdp n\y;ypjhrd;> fhspjhrd;> rf;jpjhrd;> hp\p Fkhud;> fhrp> ru];tjp>
gpQ;Rf; fhspjhrd;> nry;yk;kh> fpU\;zd;.
97. fUj;Jg;glq;fisAk;> Nfypr;rpj;jpuq;fisAk; ntspapl;lth; - ghujp
98. jkpo; ,jopay; Jiwapy; fUj;Jg; glq;fis Kjypy; mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; - ghujpahh;
99. ghujp fz;l fUj;Jg;gl ,jo;fs; - yz;ld; gQ;r;> ,e;jp gQ;r;
100. jkpopy; ‘rpj;jpuhtsp” vd;w ngahpy; fUj;Jg; glq;fis kl;LNk nfhz;l ,jo;
xd;iwAk; elj;j tpUk;gpath; - ghujp .
101. ghujpahh; ntspapl;l fUj;Jg;gl ,jo;fs; - ,e;jpah> tp[ah
102. ghujpahhplk; Jizahrphpah;fshfg; gzpahw;wpath;fs; - gp.gp.Rg;igah>
`hp`uh;> vd;.ehfrhkp> t. uhkrhkp> guyp> R.ney;iyag;gh;> fdfypq;fk;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

103. jkpo; ,jo;fspy;> jkpo; Mz;L> jpq;fs;> ehs; Mfpatw;iw Kjd; Kjypy;Fwpj;jth;
- ghujp
104. ngz; tpLjiyf;fhfg; ghLgl;lth; - ghujpahh;

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105. ngz;fSf;fhfg; ghujpahh; ve;j ,jopy; Fws; ntz;gh vOjpAs;shh;. -
rf;uth;j;jpdp
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106. ghujp vOjpa Fws; ntd;gh

ngz;ik mwpTaug; gPNlhq;Fk; ngz;ikjhd;

xz;ik AwXq;Fk; cyF.

107. ghujp ntspapl;l rptg;G tz;z ,jo; - ,e;jpah

108. fbjk; vOJk; kfspd; ngah; - thdjp
109. 160. thdjp GfOk; ,johsh; - ghujp
110. rptg;G tz;zk; Fwpg;gJ - Gul;rpAk; > tpLjiyAk;
111. mbikj; jisapy; ,Ue;J ,e;jpahit tpLtpf;f ghujp rptg;G tz;zj;jpy; ,jo;
ntspapl;lhh;.
112. ghujpapd; kidtp ngah; - nry;yk;kh
113. nra;jpfSf;F Mq;fpyj; jiyg;G vOjpf; fPNo jkpopy; jiyg;gpLtJ mf;fhy
tof;fk;.,t;thW jiyg;gpliy ghujp kFlkply; vd;W $Wfpwhh; .
114. ghujp jd; kidtp nry;yk;khit ve;j Gidg;ngahpy; Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; -
fz;zk;kh> ts;sp
115. jkpo; ,jo;fspy; jkpopy; jiyg;gpLtjw;Fk; Kd;Ndhb - ghujpahh;
116. ghujp - 1905 - 07 Mfpa fhyq;fspy; Mq;fpyj; jiyg;G fye;J gad;gLj;jpa
,jo;fs; - ,e;jpah > rf;futh;j;jpdp
117. Mq;fpyj; jiyg;igf; iftpl;L gpwF ghujp mijr; rhbAk; vOjpa ,jo; -
RNjrkpj;ud;
118. Mq;fpNyah;fspd; nfLgpbahy; ghujp nrd;w ,lk; - ghz;br;Nrhp
119. ghujp ghz;br;Nrhp nrd;w NghJ cld; nrd;w ,jo; - ,e;jpah
120. ghujpapd; ,jo;fs; >fUj;Jg;glq;fs;> fbjq;fs;> midj;Jk; E}yhf;fk;
ngw;Ws;sd.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

121. ghujpapd; fUj;Jg;glq;fs; ,e;jpah vd;Dk; ,jopy; rdpf;fpoik NjhWk;

ntspahFk;.
122. ,e;jpah ,jo; fUj;Jg;glk; - 25.05.1907

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123. “NgRtJ vOJtJjhd; cj;jkk”; vd;W $Wgth; - ghujpahh;
124. fij>jh;f;fk;>rh];jpuk;>gj;jphpf;if tp\ak; vij vOjpdhYk; thh;j;ij nrhy;Yfpw
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khjphpahfNt mike;Jtpl;lhy; ey;yJ vd;W $Wgth; - ghujpahh;
125. ,wf;Fk; nghOJk; ,johsuhfNt ,we;jth; - ghujpahh;
126. mkhDy;yhfhidg; gw;wp xU tprak; vOjp MgpRf;F vLj;Jf;nfhz;L Nghf
Ntz;Lk; vd;W ,Wjpahfg; ghujpahh; $wpAs;shh;.

,ay; - 6 gpk;gk;

127. gpk;gk; Mrphpah; - gpugQ;rd;

128. GJr;Nrhpiar; Nrh;e;j gpugQ;rdpd; ,aw;ngah; - itj;jpaypq;fk;
129. thdk; trg;gLk; vd;gJ – tuyhw;Wg; Gjpdk;
130. 1995-,y; gpugQ;rdpd; tuyhw;Wg; Gjpdkhd thdk; trg;gLk; rhfpj;jpa mfhnjkp
tpUJ ngw;wJ
131. ,e;j cyfNk ehlfNkil mjpy; ehk; midtUk; ebfh;fNs vd;W $wpath; -
N\f;];gpah;
132. ek; kdrhl;rpia Nfs;tp Nfl;gNjhL ek; mriyAk; epidt+l;LtJ – gpk;gk;

,ay; - 7 gy;fiy epWT

,irj;jkpo; ,Uth;

133. fiyfspd; cr;rk;> czh;Tfspd; tpidA+f;fp - ,ir

134. FUjpia #Nlw;Wk; > capiu cUf;Fk;>Mo;fly; mikjpaha; kdij cwq;f
itg;gJ -,ir
135. ,uridapd; Kfthpf;F ,irnkhopapy; fbjnkOJk; fhw;wpd; ftpQh;fs; -
,irf;fiyQh;fs;
136. jkpofj;jpd; ,iria rPuhl;b > nkU$l;b cyFf;Fj; je;J kfpo;e;jth; - ,Uth;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

137. ,irj;jkpo; ,Uth; - 1. ,isauh[h (rpk;ngdpj; jiyth;)

2. V.Mh;.,u`;khd; (M];fh; jkpoh;)

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138. ,irg; NgNul;bd; jkpofj;J Kj;jpiufs; - ,isauh[h> V.Mh; ,u`;khd;
139. rpk;nghdp %yk; ,iraikj;jth; - ,isauh[h
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140. M];fh; tpUJ ngw;wth; - V.Mh; .,u`;khd;
141. Mrpa fz;lj;jpy; gpwe;J tsh;e;jth;fSf;F rpk;nghdp ,irf;Nfhitia
cUthf;Fk; jpwd; if tuhJ vd;W fUJgth;fs;-Nkw;fj;jpa ,ir ty;Yeh;fs;
142. uhay; ‡gpy;`hh;Nkhdpf; ,irf;FOTf;F rpk;nghdp ,irf;Nfhyj;ij mikj;Jf;
fhl;bath; - kh];l;Nuh ,isauh[h
143. ,isauh[h gpwe;j Ch; - Njdp khtl;lk; gz;izg;Guk;
144. ,isauh[htpd; ,aw;ngah; - ,uhirah
145. jha; ghLk; jhyhl;by; njhlq;fpj; jkpo;ehl;bd; midj;J ,irtbtq;fisAk;
mirNghl;L tsh;e;j jkpodj;jpd; ngUikf;Fhpa ,ir Nkij - ,isauh[h
146. ,isauh[h Kjd;Kjypy; mwpKfkhd glk; - md;df;fpsp
147. goe;jkpo; ,iriaAk;> ciof;Fk; kf;fspd; Js;sy; ,iriaAk; kdj;ij kaf;Fk;
tifapy; fye;J je;jth; - ,isauh[h
148. jpiuapirapy; fh;ehlf ,ir vd;Dk; goe;jkpopirapd; cd;djj;ij czu
itj;jth; - ,isauh[h
149. 1970 -,y; kf;fs; jkpo; ghly; gf;fk; jpUk;gpajw;Ff; fhuzk; - ,isauh[h
150. r%f khw;wq;fspd; FwpaPlhf ,isauh[htpd; ,ir jpfo;e;jJ
151. jkpo;r; nra;Aspd; ahg;Nghirf; fl;likg;Gf;Fs; ,Uf;fpd;w ,ir xOq;ifg; Ghpe;J
nfhz;L jpiug;ghly;fisr; nrtpAzh; fdpfshFk; gz;ghl;L ntspg;ghlhfTk;
khw;wpa ngUikf;Fhpath; - ,isauh[h
152. Itif epyg;gug;GfisAk; fhl;rpg;gLj;Jk; ,ir nkl;Lfisf; nfhz;lJ -
,isauh[h ,ir
153. tw;whj ejpfs; ghAk; khepyk; - [K;k fh\;kPh;
154. g`hh; ,ir kf;fspd; ehl;Lg;Gw ,ir cs;s khepyk; - [k;K fh\;kPh;
155. nrt;tpay; ,irapy; NfhNyhr;Rk; uhfk; - Mde;j igutp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

156. md;df;fpsp glj;jpy; tUk; cd;idj; NjLNj mike;Js;s uhfk; - Mde;j

igutp
g`hb Kjy; kJiu kf;fspd; fpuhkpa ,irapypUe;J Kfpo;j;J nrt;tpay;
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157.
,irapy; NfhNyhr;Rk; Mde;j igutp tiu ,isauh[htpd; ,irapy; gz;fs;
,ioNahLfpd;wd
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158. ,e;jpa ,ir Nkijfs; midtuhYk; kjpf;fg;gLgth; - ,isauh[h
159. vg;gbg; ngahpLNtd; ?(How To Name It ) vd;Wk; ,irj; njhFg;G ahUilaJ –
,isauh[h
160. Gy;yhq;Foy; ,irf; fiyQh; - `hpgpurhj; nrsuh]pahTld; ,ize;J
ntspapl;l fhw;iwj; jtpu VJkpy;iy (Nothing But wind) vd;Dk;
,irj;njhFg;Gk; ,ir cyfpd; Gjpa Kaw;rpfs; vdf; nfhz;lhlg;gl;ld .
161. kfpo;rr
; p> Vf;fk;> ek;gpf;if> cw;rhfk;> typ Nghd;w kdpj czh;TfSf;F ,ir
tbtk; nfhLf;f KbAk; vd;gij ,e;jpah 24 kzpNeuk; (India 24 Hours) vd;Dk;
Mtzf; FWk;glj;jpd; gpd;dzp ,irapy; ntspg;gLj;jpath; - ,isauh[h
162. ,e;jpah 24 kzp Neuk; vd;gJ - Mtzf; FWk;glk;
163. jpUthrfk; vOjpath; - khzpf;fthrfh;
164. jpUthrfj;jpw;F Mul;NlhhpNah vd;Dk; ,ir tbtpy; ,ir mikj;jth; -
,isauh[h
165. ,isauh[htpd; jkpo; ,irj; njhFg;Gfs; - ,isauh[htpd; fPjhQ;ryp >
,isauh[htpd; ukzkhiy
166. ,isauh[h fd;dl nkhopapy; %fhk;gpif vd;w gf;jp ,irj; njhFg;gpidAk;
ntspapl;lhh;.
167. Mjprq;fh; vOjpaJ - kPdhl;rp ];Njhj;jpuk;
168. kPdhl;rp ];Njhj;jpuk; vd;w gf;jp ghlYf;F ,ir mikj;jth; - ,isauh[h
169. gQ;rKfp vd;w fh;ehlf nrt;tpay; ,uhfk; cUthf;fpath; - ,isauh[h
170. jkpofj;jpd; ehl;Lg;Gw ,ir tbtj;ij jpiuapirapy; jtotpl;lth; -
,isauh[h
171. Nkw;fj;jpa ,iria Kiwg;gb gapd;wth; - ,isauh[h

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

172. kdj;jpd; ,iria FwpaPLfshf fhfpjj;jpy; vOjp tpLgth; - ,isauh[h

173. Nkw;fj;jpa ,irAld; fh;ehlf> ,e;J];jhdp ,uhfq;fisAk; gad;gLj;jpath; -
,isauh[h

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174. MNuhfzRuq;fs; vd;gJ - VWthpirr; Ruq;fs;
175. ehl;Lg;Gw ghlYf;Ff; fh;ehlf ,ir tbtKk;> fy;ahzp ,uhfj;jpd; MNuhfz
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Ruq;fisf; nfhz;Nl ‘fiythzpNa cidj;jhNd” vDk; ghlYf;F
nkl;likj;jth; - ,isauh[h
176. %d;Nw %d;W Ruq;fisf; nfhz;L njYq;F ghlYf;F ,iraikj;jth; -
,isauh[h
177. ehd;Nf ,irf; fUtpfisf; nfhz;L xU ghlYf;F ,iraikj;jth; -
,isauh[h
178. ,isauh[h miu ehspy; gpd;dzp ,ir mikj;Jf; nfhLj;j jpiug;glk; -
E}whtJ ehs;
179. ,iria czh;tpd; nkhopahf khw;wpj; jUgth; - ,isauh[h
180. jkpo; kl;Lkd;wp ,e;jp> njYq;F> kiyahsk;> fd;dlk;> kuhj;jp> glq;fSf;Fk; -
,isauh[h ,ir mikj;jpUf;fpwhh;.
181. ,isauh[h ,irf;fiyQh;> xspg;glf;fiyQh;> ftpQh;> ghlfh;> vOj;jhsh;
182. ,isauh[h vOjpa E}y;fs; - ghy; epyhg; ghij> ntl;l ntspjdpy;
nfhl;bf;fplf;FJ
183. kfhj;kh fhe;jp vOjpa xNu ghly; - ek;ujh Nf rhfh; vd;Dk; ghlYf;F
,iraikj;jth; - ,isauh[h
184. ,e;J];jhdp ,irg;ghlfh; - mn[ha; rf;fugh;j;jp
185. ,e;J];jhdp ,irg;ghlfh; - mn[ha; rf;futh;j;jpia ghl itj;J ,irf;
Nfhitia ntspapl;bUf;fpwhh;
186. MrpahtpNy Kjd; Kjypy; rpk;nghdp vd;Dk; Nkw;fj;jpa nrt;tpay; tbt
,irf;Nfhitia cUthf;fpath;- ,isauh[h
187. rpk;nghdp ,irg;gzpia vOjf; Fiwe;jJ MW khjk; MFk; ntWk; gjpd;%d;W
ehs;fspy; ,irr;rhjidia epfo;j;jpapUf;fpwhh;
188. cyfk; KOtJk; gutpf; fplf;Fk; ,ir - ,isauh[h ,ir

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

** ,isauh[h ngw;w tpUJfs; :

2018 - gj;k tpG+\z; tpUJ

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1985> 1987> 1989> 2009> - rpwe;j ,iraikg;ghsh; Njrpa tpUJ (4Kiw)

2016 -rpwe;j gpd;dzp ,irf;fhd Njrpa tpUJ

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1980-1981 - jkpofk; - fiykhkzp tpUJ

1988 -kj;jpagpuNjrk; - yjh kq;Nf\;fh; tpUJ

1995 - Nfusk; ep\hfe;jp rq;fj

P tpUJ

189. Nehjpwk;> ghiyaho;>fhe;jhuk; Kjypa gz;fs; fhzg;gLk; E}y; - ghpghly;

190. irtj; jpUKiwfspy; fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahh; el;l ghilapYk;> ,e;jsj;jpYk;

ghbAs;shh;

191. Njthuj;jpy; 23 gz;fspy; ghly;fs; cs;sd

192. Njthuj;jpy; ,y;yhJ jpt;a gpuge;jj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; gz;fs; - ietsk;>

me;jhsp> Njhb> fy;thzk;> gpae;ij> Fwz;b> Kjph;e;j ,e;;jsk;
193. rhsughzp vd;w gz; xd;gjhk; jpUKiwahd jpUtpirg;ghtpy; fhzg;gLfpwJ

,irQhdp - ,isauh[h>M];fh; jkpoh; - V.Mh; u`;khd;

194. mnkhpf;fhtpd; Nfhlhf; muq;fpy; M];fh; tpUJ ngw;wth; - V.Mh; ,u`;khd;

195. 2009 – Mk; Mz;by; rpwe;j jpiug;gl gpd;dzp ,irf;F tpUJ ngw;wth; -

V.Mh; ,u`;khd;
196. ,uz;L M];fh; tpUJfs; ngw;wth; - V.MH.,u`;khd;

197. M];fh; tpUJ Nkilapy; jd; jha; nohop jkpopy; ciuia epiwT nra;jth;-

V.Mh; ,u`;khd;
198. ,irg;Gay; - V.Mh; ,u`;khd;

199. V.Mh; ,u`;khd; je;ij -MH.Nf.NrfH

200. kiyahsj; jpiug;gl cyfpy; GfOld; tpsq;fpa ,irf; fiyQH- MH.Nf.NrfH

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

201. ehd;F tajpNyNa `hHNkhdpak; ,irg;gjpy; jpwik ngw;wpUe;jtH- V.Mh;

,u`;khd;

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202. V.Mh; ,u`;khd; gbj;jJv -11-Mk; tFg;G

203. V.Mh; ,u`;khd; Kjypy; ,iraikj;j jpiug;glk;- Nuh[h(1992)

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204. jkpo;j; jpiug;gl ,irAyfpy; Gjpa vOr;rpia Vw;gLj;jpaJ ahUila ,ir-

V.Mh; ,u`;khd;
205. jk; Kjy; glj;jpw;Nf Njrpa tpUJ ngw;w Kjy; ,e;jpa ,iraikg;ghsh;- V.Mh;

,u`;khd;
206. ,isQH cyfpd; ,ir MSikahf tsHe;jtH- V.Mh; ,u`;khd;

207. fypg;ghtpd; Xir - Js;sy; Xir

208. gy ,sk; ghlfHfis mwpKfk; nra;jtH- V.Mh; ,u`;khd;

209. ,u`;khdplk; vy;NyhUk; ,urpj;Jf; Nfl;gJ - jhsk; cUthf;Fk; Kiw

210. xU ghlYf;fhd nkl;il cUthf;F Kd; mjw;fhd jhsj;ij cUthf;Fgth;-

V.Mh; ,u`;khd;
211. ghlypd; gy;ytpf;Fk; ruzj;Jf;Fk; ,ilapy; tUk; ,irAk; kf;fis <Hf;Fk;

gbahf ,iraikg;gjpy; ty;yth;- V.Mh; ,u`;khd;

212. nkl;Lf;F ,irf;Nfhitia toq;fpajpy; jdpj;Jtkhdtu; ,isauh[h vdpy;

mij mLj;j fl;lj;Jf;F vLj;Jr; nrd;wth;- ,u`;khd; Mthh;

213. ,u`;khd; ,iraikj;j ‘te;Nj khjuk;” ‘[d fz kd” vd;Dk; ,irj;

njhFjpfs; etPd ,ir tbtpy; ehl;Lg;gw;W czh;it kpspur; nra;jd

214. jpiuAyfpy; #‡gp ,iria mwpKfg;gLj;jpath;- ,u`;khd;

215. ];yk;lhf; kpy;ypadh; vd;w jpiug;glj;jpd; ,irf;fhf Nfhy;ld; FNshg; tpUJ

ngw;wjd; %yk; cyfshtpa Gfo; ngw;wtH - ,u`;khd;

216. Nfhy;ld; FNshg; tpUJ ngw;w Kjy; ,e;jpaH - ,u`;khd;

217. ];yk;lhf; kpy;ypadh; glj;jpd; ,irf;fhf fpuhkpa tpUijg; ngw;wtH-

,u`;khd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

218. V.Mh; ,u`;khd; ngw;w tpUJfs;.

❖ ,e;jpa muR -gj;k g+rd; tpUJ
❖ jkpofk; -fiykhkzp tpUJ

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❖ Nfusk; -jq;f
; g; gjf;fk;
❖ cj;jpug;gpuNjrk; -Mthj; rk;khd; tpUJ
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❖ kj;jpag;gpuNjrk; -yjh kq;Nf\;fH tpUJ
❖ nkhhp\pa]; -Njrpa ,ir tpUJ
❖ kNyrpah -Njrpa ,ir tpUJ
❖ ];lhd;‡NghHl; gy;fiyf; fofj;jpd; rHtNjr ,ir tpUJ

,ay;-8 itaj; jiyik nfhs;

rpe;jidg; gl;bkd;wk;

219. jkpoh; rpe;jidf;fhd ntspg;ghl;L tbtq;fspy; rpwg;ghdnjhU tbtk; -

gl;bkd;wk;
220. Kuz;ghlhd gy fUj;Jfis tpsf;fTk; epiy ehl;lTk; cjTtJ - gl;bkd;wk;
221. “,isQh;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fg; nghpJk; cjTtJ tPL” vDk; jiyg;gpy;
ciuahw;Wgth;fs; - vopy;> vyprngj;
222. “,isQh;fspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fg; nghpJk; cjTtJ ehL” vDk; jiyg;gpy;
ciuahw;Wgth;fs; - mKjh> mg;Jy;yh
223. ,sik vd;whNy mwpT> JzpT ,uz;bd; fyit vdyhk;
224. mwpT+f;fKk;> gilg;G+f;fKk; mbj;jskplg;gLk; gUtk; - ,sikg;gUtk;
225. ,e;jpa kf;fs; njhifapy; rhpghjp ,Ug;gth;fs; - ,isQh;fs;
226. ,isQh; vd;w nrhy; - nghJr; nrhy;
227. ’ tPl;Lf;F caph; Ntyp

‘tPjpf;F tpsf;Fj; J}z;

‘ehl;Lf;F Nfhl;il kjpy;

‘elkhLk; nfhbkuk; eP

vd;W ,isQh;fis ghbath; - jhuhghujp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

228. mwptpay; Afj;ijj; jhq;Fk; J}z;fs; - ,isQh;fs;

229. rpe;jidg; gl;bkd;wj;jpy; tUk; jkpohrphpah; - jq;fkzp
ftpQhapW vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgth; - jhuhghujp

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230.
231. vl;laGuj;J ,sk;Gay; - kfhftp ghujp
232. ‘vj;jid Nfhb ,d;gk; itj;jhy; vq;fs; ,with” vd;W ghLgth; - ghujp
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233. INuhg;gpa rh];jpuq;fis vy;yhk; jkpopy; fw;Wf; nfhLf;f Vw;ghL nra; vd;W
fl;lisapl;ltu; - ghujp
234. ‘NjL fy;tp ,yhjNjhh; Ciuj; jPapDf;F ,iuahf kLj;jy;” vd;W ghbath; -
ghujpahh;
235. ekJ gz;ghl;ilAk; kuigAk; fhj;J epw;Fk; fUT+yk; - tPL
236. md;gpd; jiythry;> mwptpd; ehw;wq;fhy; - tPL
237. Kz;lhRf; ftpQd; - ghujp
238. vy;NyiuAk; ,izf;fpd;w nghJ ntsp – ehL
239. ‘ey;yNjhh; tPiz nra;Nj mij
eyq;nflg; GOjpapy; vwptJz;Nlh” vd;W ghbath; - ghujpahh;
240. ty;yik jhuhNah - ,e;j khepyk; gaDw tho;tjw;Nf vd;W ghbath; - ghujpahh;
241. ngz;fSf;Fj; jq;ff; fk;gpfshy; nra;ag;gl;l $z;L – tPL
242. ‘ngz;ik nty;f “vd;W fj;jpLNthk; - ghujpahh;
243. ’ ngz;zbik jPUkl;Lk; NgRk; jpUehl;by; kz;zbik
jPh;e;J tUjy; Kaw;nfhk;Ng” vd;W Koq;fpath; - ghujpjhrd;
244. Gul;rpf; ftpQh; - ghujpjhrd;
245. ‘ey;ynjhU FLk;gk; gy;fiyf; fofk;” vd;W $wpath; - ghNte;jh; ghujpjhrd;
246. ‘tPl;bw;Nfhh; Gj;jfr; rhiy Ntz;Lk;” vd;W $wpath; - mz;zh
247. ‘ahJk; CNu ahtUk; Nfsph;” - fzpad; G+q;Fd;wdhh;
248. tprhyg; ghh;itahy; tpOq;F kf;fis
khDl rKj;jpuk; ehndd;W $T
Gtpia elj;J : nghJtpy; elj;J

vd;W cyfj;ijNa tPlhff; fhl;Lgth; - ghujpjhrd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

249. “nre;jkpo; ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy - ,d;gj;

Njd;te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy - vq;fs;

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je;ijah; ehnld;w Ngr;rpdpNy - xU

rf;jp gpwf;FJ %r;rpdpNy’ vd;W ghbath; - ghujpahh;

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250. jkpopy; mwpKfkhd mwpthh;e;j Ngr;Rf;fiy tbtk; - gl;bkd;wk;
251. tho;tpay; rpe;jidfis kf;fs; Kd;G typikahf itf;Fk; thJiu muq;fk; -
gl;bkd;wk;
252. ‘gl;bkd;lgj;Jg; ghq;fwpe;J VWkpd;” vd;W Fwpg;gpLk; fhg;gpak; - kzpNkfiy

,ay; -9 nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT

fhQ;rid Kd;Diu

253. fhQ;rid Kd;Diu Mrphpah; - GJikg;gpj;jd;

254. clYf;F Kfk; Nghd;wJ – E}ypd; Kd;Diu
255. E}yhrphpah; E}w; fUj;ij czh;j;Jtjw;Fk; thrfh;fSld; ciuahLtjw;Fk;
gad;gLtJ – E}ypd; Kd;Diu
256. jkpo;r; rpWfijfis cyfj; juj;jpw;F cah;j;jpath; - GJikg;gpj;jd;
257. N[k;]; [ha;]; khjphp fij vOjpath; - GJikg;gpj;jd;
258. fapw;wuT (kaf;fepiy) vOjpath; - GJikg;gpj;jd;
259. Mq;fpy ,yf;fpaj;jpd; filrpf; nfhOe;J – N[k;]; [ha;];
260. rhg tpNkhrdk; Mrphpah; - GJikg;gpj;jd;
261. tpkh;rfh; vd;why; - nrd;W Nja;e;jpWjy;
262. mfypiff; fy;yhf tUk; fij vOjpath; - thy;kPfp
263. rhg tpNkhrdj;jpy; ahiuf; $l;bf; nfhz;L tu kwe;Jtpl;Nld; vd;W
GJikg;gpj;jd; $Wfpwhh; - trp\;ld;> $dp
264. flTSk; fe;jrhkpg;gps;isAk; - rpWfijapd; Mrphpah; - GJikg;gpj;jd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

265. GJikg;gpj;jd; fijfs; te;j gj;jphpf;if – fiykfs;

266. GJikg;gpj;jpd; ,aw;ngah; - nrh.tpUj;jhryk;;
rpWfij kd;dh; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgth; - GJikg;gpj;jd;

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267.
268. nkhj;jf; fijfSk; GJikg;gpj;jd; rpWfijfs; vd;w ngahpy;
nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.
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269. ‘ fhQ;rid “ vd;Dk; rpWfij njhFg;gpw;F vOjpa Kd;Diu ckf;Fg;
ghlg;gFjp

,ay; - 10 ahiuAk; kjpj;J tho;

nrt;tp

270. ‘nrt;tp” Jizg;ghl Mrphpah; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;

271. Kj;jkpo; tsh;j;j ,lk; - kJiu
272. ehl;baj; jpwikapdhy; cyfk; KOtJk; vz;zw;w urpfh;fisg; ngw;wth; -
eh;j;jfp eluh[;
273. jd;dk;gpf;if> ciog;G>tplhKaw;rp nfhz;L ehl;baf; fiyapy; jkf;nfdj;
jdpaplk; ngw;wth; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
274. rpWghd;ikapYk; rpWghd;ikapduhf tho;gth;fs – jpUeq;iffs;
275. jpUeq;iffs; jilf;fw;fisAk; $lg; gbf;fl;Lfshf khw;wyhk; vd;W rpyUf;F
fhl;bath; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
276. xU ehNshL KbtilAk; vd epidj;j eld epfo;rr
; p ,uz;L khjq;fshf
ePz;lJ me;j eldf; fiyQh;- eh;j;jfp eluh[;
277. gs;sp Mz;LkyUf;fhf Neh;fhzy; nra;gth; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
278. eh;j;jfp eluh[; Ch; - kJiu – mDg;ghdb
279. eh;j;jfp eluh[; Njhopapd; ngah; - rf;jp
280. eh;j;jfp eluh[; ahUila eldj;jpy; <h;f;fg;gl;lhs; - itn[ae;jp khyh
281. gphpj;jpfh ah\pdp gphpj;jpfh ah\pdp itn[ae;jp khyhtpd; FU – fpl;lg;gh
282. eh;j;jfp eluh[; ahhplk; eldk; (gujk;) fw;f tpUk;gpdhh; - fpl;lg;gh

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

283. eh;j;jfp eluh[; vd;W ngah; #l;bath; - fpl;lg;gh

284. ngz;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jk; Clfk; - gujk;
rpyg;gjpfhuj;jpy; 11 tifahd Mlw;fiyfs; gw;wpa Fwpg;Gfs; cs;sd.
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285.
286. jpUeq;ifah; ,Ue;jjw;fhd rhd;W ve;j E}ypy; cs;sjhf eh;j;jfp eluh[;
Fwpg;gpLfpwhh; - njhy;fhg;gpak;
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287. ‘Ntsph; Mly;’; ,lk;ngWtJ – rpyg;gjpfhuk;
288. ‘Gujk;’; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F vj;jid taJ vd;W eh;j;jfp eluh[; $Wfpwhh; - 70
taJ
289. eh;j;jfp eluh[; [g;ghdpy; xrhfh efuj;jpy; gujkhf epfo;j;jpaJ – jpUthrfk;>
Njthug; gz;zpirg; ghly;fs;
290. eh;j;jfp eluh[; vij ikakhf itj;Jg; gujk; epfo;j;Jfpwhh;fs – fhg;gpak;>
Guhzf; fijfs;
291. INuhg;gpag; gz;ghl;by; Cwpj; jpisj;jpUg;gJ – ehh;Nt
292. jpUf;Fwis ikakhf itj;J ehh;Nt Foe;ijfSf;Fg; gapw;rp nfhLj;jth; -
eh;j;jfp eluh[;
293. mLj;j n[d;kj;jpy; ehd; jkpodhf gpwe;J jpUf;Fws; gbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W
Mirg;gl;lth; - fhe;jpabfs;
294. vjd; topahfg; gz;ghl;L khw;wq;fs; epfo;e;Nj jPUk; vd;W eh;j;jfp eluh[;
tpUk;gpdhh; - fiyapd;
295. eh;j;jfp eluh[pd; KOKjy; yl;rpakhf ,Ue;jJ – tof;fwpQh; MtJ
296. eldKk; thrpg;GNk vd;idf; Foe;ijahf itj;jpUf;fpd;wd vd;W $Wgth; -
eh;j;jfp eluh[;
297. eldj;jpd; %yk; jkpo; ,yf;fpaj;jpd; rq;fg; ghly;fs;> jpt;tpag; gpuge;jk;>
jpUg;Gfo;> Njthuk; Mfpatw;iw eldk; %yk; gug;gp tUgth; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
298. ‘jhkiu neQ;rk;” vOjpath; - mfpyd;
299. ‘nts;spak;gyk; mwf;fl;lis’ eldf; fiyf; $lk; elj;jp E}w;Wf;fzf;fhd
khztpfis cUthf;fpath; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
300. ‘jpUeq;if’ vd;w nrhy;iy mwpKfg;gLj;jpath; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

301. jpUeq;iffSf;F Kjd; Kjypy; flTr; rPl;L> Njrpa tpUJ> kjpg;GW Kidth;
gl;lk; ngw;wth; vd;w Kjy; rhjidfSf;F nrhe;jf;fhuh; - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
302. Kjy; Njrpa tpUJ thq;fpa jpUeq;if - eh;j;jfp eluh[;

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303. Kidth; gl;lk; ngw;w Kjy; jpUeq;if - eh;j;jfp eluh[;
304. Nryj;ijr; rhh;e;j gphpj;jpfh ah\pdp 2001-Mk; Mz;L fzpdp ghlj;jpy; Kjy;
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tFg;gpy; Njh;r;rp ngw;whh;
305. gphpj;jpfh ah\pdp jw;NghJ nrd;id fhty;Jiwapd; rl;lk;-xOq;Fg; gphptpy;
gzpahw;wp tUfpwhh;
306. ,e;jpahtpd; Kjy; jpUeq;if> fhty; cjtp Ma;thsh; vd;w ngUikiag; ngw;wth;
- gphpj;jpfh ah\pdp
307. Nkw;F tq;fj;ijr; Nrh;e;j jpUeq;if – N[hapjh Nkhz;ly; kh`p
308. jpUeq;iffspd; Kd;Ndw;wj;Jf;fhfg; gzpahw;Wgth; - N[hapjh Nkhz;ly;
kh`p
309. tlf;Fj; jpdh[;g+h; khtl;lk; ,];yhk;g+hpy; Nyhf; mjhyj; ePjpgjpahf mz;ikapy;
epakpf;fg;gl;lth; - N[hapjh Nkhz;ly; kh`p
310. jkpo;ehl;by; %d;whk; ghypdg; gphptpy; gs;spg;gbg;ig Kbf;Fk; Kjyhkth; - jhhpfh
ghD
311. jpUts;Sth; khtl;lk; cs;s mk;gj;J}hpy; fhkuh[h; muR ngz;fs; Nky;epiyg;
gs;spapy; mwptpay; ghlg;gphptpy; gapd;wth; - jhhpfh ghD
312. Nyhf; mjyhj; ePjpgjp gjtpf;F jpUeq;if xUth; epakpf;fg;gLtJ ehl;bNy Kjy;
KiwahFk; mth; - N[hapjh Nkhz;ly; kh`p
313. jhhpfh ghD Njh;r;rp ngw;w Mz;L – 2017
314. jhhpfh ghD jw;NghJ gapd;W tUtJ – muR rpj;j kUj;Jtf; fy;Y}hpapy;
gapd;W tUfpwhh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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njhpe;J nfhs;Nthk;
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rhd;Nwhh; rpj;jpuk;

kh.uNk\; > vk;. V.> gp. vl;.> vk;/gpy;.>

nel;> nrl;> nll;.>
KJfiy Mrphpah; (jkpo;)
muR Nky;epiyg; gs;sp>
nrd;dk;gl;b – 638 504
me;jpa+h; (tl;lk;)
<NuhL (khtl;lk;)

nry; - 97 50 37 98 82 Mail ID – [email protected]

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; -1 njhpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

kfhtpj;Jthd; kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;.

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1. jopo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpy;> fk;gUf;Fg; gpd;dh;. Xuhapuk; Mz;L Xa;e;J
fple;jgpd;” thuhJ te;Jjpj;j Gyikf; fjputd;” - kfhtpj;Jthd;
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kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;.
2. ‘ thuhJ te;Jjpj;j Gyikf; fjputd;”; - kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;
3. kfhtpj;jthd; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLth; - kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;
4. kfhtpj;jthd; gpwe;j Ch; -mjtj;J}h; (jpUr;rp)
5. jpUthLJiw klj;jpd; jiyikg; Gyth; - kfhtpj;jthd; kPdhl;rp
Re;judhh;
6. jkpowpQh;fisj; Njbf; fz;L topgl;L nrtpjpwe;J fw;wth; - kPdhl;rp
Re;judhh;
7. jpUthLJiw klj;jpd; jiyth; - Rg;ukzpa Njrpfh; nrd;idj;
jhz;ltuhah;,jpUj;jzpif tprhfg; ngUkhs;
8. g+f;fs; NjhWk; nrd;W NjDz;Zk; tz;L Nghy; ghlk; fw;wth; - kPdhl;rp
Re;judhh;.
9. ‘Nrf;fpohh; gps;isj; jkpo;” vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah; - kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;.
10. ‘ jy Guhzq;fs;” ghLtjpy; rpwe;jth; - kPdhl;rp Re;judhh;.
11. akf me;jhjp> jphpge;jhjp> ntz;gh me;jhjpfs; Mfpatw;iw cUthf;fpath;
-kPdhl;rpRe;judhh;.
12. khiy> Nfhit>fyk;gfk;> gps;isj;jkpo; Mfpatw;iwg; ghbath; - kPdhl;rp
Re;judhh;
13. kPdhl;rp Re;judhhpd; khzth;fs; - c.Nt.rhkpehjh;> jpahfuhrh;>
Fyhhk;fhjpW ehtyh;
14. ‘,dpikAk; ePh;ikAk; jkpnody; MFk;”; vd;W $Wk; E}y; - gpq;fy epfz;L
15. jkpo; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - ,dpik> gz;ghL> mfg;nghUs;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

16. ‘mJ}ck; rhYk; ew;wkpo; KOjwpjy;” – vd;w mb ,lk; ngw;Ws;s E}y; -

GwehD}W
17. jkpo; vDk; nrhy; nkhop> ftpij vd;gtw;iwj; jhz;bg; ‘gy;fiyg; Gyik” vd;w

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nghUspy; Msg;gl;Ls;sJ
18. ‘jkpo;nfO $ly;” vd;wtplj;jpYk; ‘fiyg;Gyik” vd;w nghUspy; jkpo;
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Msg;gl;Ls;sJ.
19. ‘jkpo; joP ,a rhayth;” vd;Dk; thpapy; jkpiog; Nghw;Wgth; - fk;gh;
20. jkpo; vd;gjw;F moF> nkd;ikAk; nghUshfpd;wd.
21. Njthuk; Nghd;w gf;jp ,yf;fpaq;fspy; ‘jkpo;” ghl;L vd;Wk; nghUspy;
Msg;gLfpwJ.
22. ‘jkpo; ,it gj;JNk” vd;W nrhd;dth; - Qhdrk;ge;jh;
23. ‘%yd; ciw nra;j %thapuk;” vd;gJ – jkpo;
24. jpUg;ghitapy; nkhj;jk; vj;jidg; ghly;fs; - 30
25. jpUg;ghitapd; Mrphpah; - Mz;lhs;
26. Mz;lhs; jpUg;ghitia ‘jkpo; khiy” vd;W Fwpg;gpLfpwhh;
27. ‘ehlw;wtd;” vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah; - m.Kj;Jypq;fk;
28. ey;y jkpo; vOj Ntz;Lkh? – m.fp. gue;jhkdhh;
29. caph;j;njOk; fhyj;Jf;fhf – R.tpy;tuj;jpdk;
30. nrd;id khfhzj;Jf;F jkpo;ehL vd;W ngah; khw;wk; nra;j Kjy;th; - mz;zh
31. njhopyhsh;fspd; je;ij – jpU.tp.fy;ahzRe;judhh;
32. capiu>czh;it tsh;g;gJ jkpNo – ghujpjhrd;
33. nghJTilikf; nfhs;ifapd; Kd;Ndhb – [Pth

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 2 khkio Nghw;WJk;

nkhopia Ms;Nthk; - Mgpufhk; gz;bjh;

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34. jkpopir ,af;fj;jpd; je;ij - Mgpufhk; gz;bjh;
35. Mgpufhk; gz;bjh; gpwe;j Ch; - njd;fhrpf;F mUNfAs;srhk;gth; tlfiu
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36. Gifg;glf;fiy >mr;Rf;fiy > Nrhjplk; > kUj;Jtk; > ,ir Mfpa Jiwfspy;
ngUk; tpUg;gk; nfhz;lth; - Mgpufhk; gz;bjh;
37. jpz;Lf;fy;ypy; Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath; - Mgpufhk; gz;bjh;
38. rpj;j kUj;Jtj;jpy; rPhpa mwpT ngw;wth;- Mgpufhk; gz;bjh;
39. kf;fshy; md;Gld; ‘gz;Lth;” (kUj;Jth;) miof;fg;gl;lth;Mgpufhk;
gz;bjh;
40. gz;Lth; vd;w nrhy;ypd; nghUs; - kUj;Jth;
41. jQ;ir kf;fs; Mgpufhk; gz;bjiu - gz;bjh; vd miof;fj;
njhlq;fpdh;.
42. ‘rq;fPj tpj;jpah kfh[d rq;fk; “ vd;w mikg;ig cUthf;fpath; - Mgpufhk;
gz;bjh;
43. jkJ nrhe;jr; nrytpNy jkpopir khehLfs; elj;jpath;-Mgpufhk; gz;bjh;
44. ,irj;jkpo; njhz;bd; rpfuk; - fUzhkph;j rhfuk;
45. Mgpufhk; gz;bjhpd; fhyk; - 1859 - 1930
46. ,aw;if Ntshz;ik vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah;- Nfh.ek;kho;thh;
47. ‘ gidkuNk gidkuNk “ vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah; - M. rptRg;gpukzpad;
48. ahidfs; mopAk; NgUaph; Mrphpah; - r. KfkJ myp >f. Nahfhde;jp
49. gwit cyfk; vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah; - ryPk; myp

50. Elephants imajestic creatures of the wild -Shoshani.J.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 3 gPL ngw epy;

rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;

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51. jkpo; gjpg;Gyfj;jpd; jiyik - rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;
52. rp.it. jhNkhjudhh; gpwe;j Ch; - aho;g;ghzk; (,yq;if)
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53. ePjpnewp tpsf;fk; E}ypd; Mrphpah; - rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;
54. ePjpnewp tpsf;fj;ij ciuAld; gjpg;gpj;J ntspapl;lth;- rp.it.
jhNkhjudhh;
55. njhy;fhg;gpa nrhy;yjpfhuj;jpw;F ciu vOjpath;- Nrdhtiuah;
56. njhy;fhg;gpa nrhy;yjpfhuk;> fypj;njhif> ,iwadhh; mfg;nghUs;>
tPuNrhopak; E}y;fis gjpg;gpj;J Gfo; nfhz;lth; - rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;
57. rp.it. jhNkhjudhh; ,aw;wpa E}y;fs;- fl;lisf; fypj;Jiw> el;rj;jpu
khiy> #shkzp trdk;
58. Mwhk; thrfg ; Gj;jfk; Kjypy; gs;spg;ghl E}y;fisAk; vOjpath; - rp.it.
jhNkhjudhh;
59. jpdth;j;jkhdp vDk; ,jio elj;jpath; - ngh;rpty; ghjphpahh;
60. jpdth;j;jkhdp ,jOf;F ngh;rpty; ghjphpahh; ahiu Mrphpauhf epakdk;
nra;fpwhh;- rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;
61. Mq;fpNyah; gyUf;F jkpo; fw;Wj; je;jth; - rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;
62. murhq;fj;jhuhy; nrd;id khepyf; fy;Y}hpapy; jkpo;g; gz;bjuhf
epakpf;fg;gl;lth; - rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;
63. 1884k; Mz;by; GJf;Nfhl;il cah;ePjpkd;w ePjpgjpahf epakpf;fg;gl;lth; -
rp.it. jhNkhjudhh;
64. rpe;J ntspg; gz;ghl;bd; jpuhtpl mbj;jsk; vd;w E}ypd; Mrphpah; - Mh;.
ghyfpU];zd;
65. vOj;J ,jo;j; njhFg;G – njhFg;ghrphpah; - fp.m.rr;rpjhde;jd;
66. khiy khw;W rpj;jpuftp tiffSs; vspikahdJ khiykhw;W –
PALINDROME

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-4 ,dpnahU tpjp nra;Nthk;

ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
67. mwptpay; jkpoh; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLgth; - ng.eh.mg;Grhkp

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68. ng.eh.mg;Grhkp gpwe;j Ch; - ngUq;Fsk; (ney;iy)
69. tof;fwpQh; njhopypy; <Lgl;lNjhL jkpopy; mwptpaiy vOj KbAk; vd;W
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czh;j;jpath; - ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
70. mwptpay; jkpohpd; Kd;Ndhb - ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
71. jkpopy; te;j Kjy; mwptpay; ,jo; - jkpoh; Nerd;
72. fiykfs;> ghujkzp> mKjRugp> gpurz;l tpfld;> RNjrkpj;jud; Nghd;w
,jo;fspy; mwptpay; fl;Liufs; vOjpath; - ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
73. nghq;fpnaO Nfdp> Ez;Jfs; nfhs;if> mwpTf;Fwp vz;> Nghd;w ey;y jkpo;j;
njhlh;fis cUthf;fpath; - ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
74. ng.eh.mg;Grhkp ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - kpd;rhuk;> thdf;fhl;rp> ,d;iwa
tpQ;QhdKk; ePq;fSk;>mZrf;jpapd; vjph;fhyk;> uhf;nfl;Lk; Jizf;Nfhs;fSk;.
75. Ngdh vd;w Gid ngahpy; E}y;fs; vOjpath; - ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
76. ghujpahh; ftpijfs;>rq;fg;ghly;fs; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;jth; -
ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
77. kh;Nu epWtd mjpgh; - v]; uh[k;
78. kJiug; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; ‘jkpo;g; Nguitr; nrk;ky;” vd;w gl;lk; ngw;wth; -
ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
79. ,wf;Fk; jWthapy; $l ,jnohd;Wf;F vOjp mDg;gptpl;L kiwe;jth; -
ng.eh.mg;Grhkp
80. ez;gd; - Nerd; (tlnrhy;)
81. mf;dpr; rpwFfs; E}ypd; Mrphpah; - mg;Jy;fyhk;
82. mwptpay; jkpo; E}ypd; Mrphpah; - th.nr.Foe;ijrhkp
83. fzpzpia kpQ;Rk; kdpj %is – fh.tprauj;jpdk;
84. ,Uk;Gr; rj;Jk; GujKk; ,ize;j xU $l;Lg; nghUs;- `PNkhFNshgpd;
85. ,uj;jr; rptg;gZf;fspy; mjpf mstpy; fhzg;gLtJ - `PNkhFNshgpd;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

86. rptg;gZtpd; gpwg;gplk; - vYk;G k[;i[

87. rptg;gZf;fs; cw;gj;jpahtjw;F - ,Uk;Gr; rj;J> Gujr;rj;J> itl;lkpd;-gp12>
itl;lkpd;-rp> Nghypf; mkpyk;

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88. cztpy; ,Uk;Gr;rj;J> Cl;lr;rj;J ,y;yhj NghJ uj;jNrhif Vw;gLfpwJ
89. cly; jpRf;fSf;F Mf;rp[idf; nfhz;L Nrh;g;gJ - `PNkhFNshgpd; Ntiy
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,ay; - 5 Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk;
lhf;lh; [p.A.Nghg
90. nre;jkpo;r; nrk;ky; - lhf;lh; [p.A.Nghg;
91. 1839 ,y; njd;dpe;jpahtpw;F te;jth; - [p.A.Nghg;
92. [p.A.Nghg; te;j ,lk; - nrd;id
93. [p.A.Nghg; Kjd;Kjyhfj; jkpo; ciuiag; gbj;J nrhw;nghopthw;wpa ,lk; -
rhe;Njhk;
94. INuhg;gpaUk; gbj;Jg; gad;ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;w vz;zj;jpy; jkpo; E}y;fis
Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;jth; - [p.A.Nghg;
95. jpUf;Fws;>jpUthrfk;>GwehD}W Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;jth; - [p.A.Nghg;
96. jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,yf;fzq;fisg; Nghg; mth;fs; njspthf mwpe;J nfhz;l ,lk; -
jQ;rhT+h;
97. Tamil Hand Book (INuhg;gpah; jkpo; fw;Wf;nfhs;s) – vOjpath; -[p.A.Nghg;
98. Mq;fpy nkhopapy; vOjg; ngw;wpUe;j jkpo;ehl;L tuyhw;iw jkpopy; vOjp
gjpg;gpj;jth; - [p.A.Nghg;
99. jha;nkhopf;fy;tpNa gadspf;Fk; vd;W fUjpath; - [p.A.Nghg;
100. vOgJ Mz;Lfs; jkpNohL tho;e;jpUe;J jkpOf;F eyk; mUspa nghpahh;
[p.A.Nghg;
101. nghUj;Jf:
m. njhy;fhg;gpak; - ,yf;fzE}y;
M. jpUf;Fws; - mwE}y;
,. GwehD}W - rq;f E}y;
<. jpUthrfk; - gf;jp E}y;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

102. cUtfk; ctik

1. tpopr;Rlh; - Rlh;tpop
2. vz;ztiy - tiynaz;zk;

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3. grpf;fapW - fapw;Wg;grp

103. ctikj; njhlh;fs; tif

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1) kpd;dy;fisg; Nghd;w nrhw;fs; - tpid ctik
2) mLf;fp itf;fg;glhj Gj;jfq;fisg; Nghy
Fok;gpa vz;zq;fs; - gad; ctik
3) ej;ijiag; Nghy; nkJthf efh;jy; - tpid ctik
4) ePyg;gl;L cLj;jpaijg; Nghd;w thdk; - cU ctik
5) G+idf; Fl;biag; Nghy mUz;L nfhs;sy; - tbt ctik
6) G+idf;Fl;bia kbapy; itj;Jf; nfhz;lijg;Nghy; mk;khtpd; fjfjg;G
- gad; ctik
104. rPdhTf;nfd;W jdpahf kjq;fs; ,y;iy. ,e;jpahtpd; kjj;ij gTj;jk; mth;fs;
filgpbf;fpd;wdh;.
105. rPdh;fSf;F rpiyfis mwpKfk; nra;jth;fs; - ,e;jpah;fs;
106. ,e;jpah;fNs jq;fspd; kj Mrphpah;fs; vd;W fUJgth;fs; - rPdh;fs;
107. kWgpwg;ig ek;Gk; ehLfs; - ,e;jpah > rPdh
108. rPdh;fspd; gpujhd rpfpr;ir Kiw - jPa;j;jy;
109. thdpay; rh];jpug; gapw;rpapy; <LgLgth;fs; - rPdh;fs;
110. 1800 - fspy; gphpl;ldpy; fw;Wj; jug;gl;l fy;tpia tpl ,e;jpahtpy; fw;Wj; jug;gl;l
ghlq;fs; Nkyhdjhf ,Ue;jJ.
111. ,q;fpyhe;jpy; midtUf;Fk; fy;tpiaf; nfhz;L topfhl;bahf ,Ue;j ehL -
,e;jpah
112. ,e;jpahtpy; gs;spr;#oy; kpfTk; ,ay;ghdjhfTk;, neUf;fbfs; ,y;yhjjhfTk;
,Ue;jpUf;fpwJ vd;W $Wgth; - juk;ghy; .

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 6 ehnsy;yhk; tpidnra;

,urpfkzp b.Nf.rpjk;guehjh;

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113. ,urpfkzp b.Nf.rpjk;guehjh; fhyk; - 1882-1954
114. jkpopy; vy;yhk; cz;L: jkpopd; ftpr; Ritf;F <Lkpy;iy ,izAkpy;iy jkpohy;
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mwptpay; kl;Lkd;W: midj;J ,ay;fisAk; fw;f KbAk; vdr; rhd;WfSld;
nrhd;d ngUe;jif - ,urpfkzp b.Nf.rpjk;guehjh;
115. jkpo; ,yf;fpa ,urpfj; jd;ikahy; jkpOf;Fk; jkpoUf;Fk; Gj;Jzh;T Cl;bath; -
rpjk;guehjh;
116. b.Nf.rp tPl;bd; $lj;jpy; tl;l tbtkhd njhl;bf; fl;L QhapW NjhWk; khiy
Ie;J kzpf;F $ba $l;lk;> ,yf;fpaj;ijg; gw;wpg; NgrpaJ mt;tikg;G tl;lj;
njhl;b vd;Nw ngah;ngw;wJ
117. tof;fwpQuhfj; njhopy; Ghptij tplj; jkpopd;gj;jpy; jpisg;gijNa b.Nf.rp
tpUk;gpdhh;
118. jkpo;f; fiyfs;> jkpo; ,ir> jkpo; ,yf;fpak; Mfpatw;wpd; mitiaAk;
Nkd;ikiaAk; jdpj;jd;ikiaAk; vLj;Jr; nrhd;dth; - b.Nf.rp
119. ahUila fbj ,yf;fpaq;fs; juk; nfhz;L Gjpa ,yf;fpa tifahfNt
fUjg;gl;ld - b.Nf.rp
120. b.Nf.rp ciu vOjpa E}y;fs; - Kj;njhs;shapuk;> fk;guhkhazk;
121. ,ja xyp> fk;gh; ahh;? – Ehy; Mrphpah;- b.Nf.rp
122. nrd;id khepy Nkyitapd; cWg;gpdh;> mwepiyaj; Jiwapd; Mizauhfj;
jpfo;e;jth; - b.Nf.rp
; papd; ike;JWk; Ngho;J kwjpahy; nfl;lth;fis epid- b.Nf.rp
123. kfpo;rr

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 7 gy;fiy epWT

rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;

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124. ehlfj; jkpio tsh;j;j ey;ywpQh; - rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;
125. ehlfq;fis cUthf;fpa Mrphpah;fSf;nfy;yhk;> Kd;NdhbahfTk;>
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Kjy;tuhfTk; tpsq;fpath; - rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;
126. GytNuW goep jz;lghzp Rthkpfsplk; jkpowpitg; ngw;wth; - rq;fujhR
Rthkpfs;
127. ,uzpad;> ,uhtzd;> vkjUkd; Nghd;w Ntlq;fspy; ebj;J Gfo; mile;jth; -
rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;
128. tz;zk;> re;jk;> ghLtjpy; ty;yth; - rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;
129. “rkur rd;khh;f;f rig” vd;Dk; ehlf FOit cUthf;fpath; - rq;fujhR
Rthkpfs;
130. rkur rd;khh;f;f rigapy; gapw;rpg; ngw;W ehlfj; Jiwapy; ngUk;Gfo; ngw;wth;
- v];.[p.fpl;lg;gh
131. 1918 - jj;Jt kPdNyhrdp tpj;Jt ghy rig vd;Dk; ehlf mikg;ig cUthf;fp
Mrphpah; nghWg;Ngw;wth; - rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;
132. jj;Jt kPdNyhrdp tpj;Jt ghy rigapy; cUthfpath;fs; -
b.Nf.v];.fNfhjuh;;fs;
133. jkpo; ehlfj; jiyikahrphpah; - rq;fujhR Rthkpfs;
134. rpthde;j eldk; E}y; Mrphpah; - Mde;j FkhuRthkp
135. jQ;ir ngUTilahh; Nfhapy; - ,uhruhNrr;Ruk; -Nfhapy; El;gk; - E}y; Mrphpah; -
Flthapy; ghyRg;ukzpad;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-8 itaj; jiyik nfhs;

njhpe;J nfhs;Nthk;

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ghujpjhrd;
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136. xU %y nkhopg; gpujpapd; mh;j;jj;ij mg;gpujpf;F ,izahd ,yf;F nkhopg;
gpujpapd; topahf ntspg;gLj;Jjy; - nkhopngah;g;G
137. nkhopngah;g;gpd; tiffs;-jOty;> RUf;fk;> nkhopahf;fk;> Neh;nkhopngah;g;G
138. gpw nkhopapypUe;J jkpOf;F-me;epad;-cUkhw;wk; -My;gh; fhk;A
fhg;fh-n[h;kdpapypUe;J nrhw;fs;-ohf; gpnuth;> Fl;b ,sturd;
vf;Rnghp-gpnuQ;RypUe;J
139. ’cyff; ftpijfs;” njhFj;jth; - gpuk;kuh[d;
140. Love Poems from a classical Tamil Anthology - V.Nf.,uhkD[k; rq;f ,yf;fpa
141. Hues And Harmonies From An Ancient Land - k.ny.jq;fg;gh nkhop ngau;g;G
142. tlnkhopapy; vOjg;gl;l fhtpak; - gpy;fzPak;
143. gpy;fzPak; vd;Dk; fhtpaj;ij jOtp 1937,y; ghujpjhrd; vOjg;gl;lJ-
Gul;rpf; ftp
144. ghujpjhrd; ,aw;ngah; - fdf Rg;Guj;jpdk;
145. ghujp kPJ nfhz;l gw;wpdhy; jdJ ngaiu ghujpjhrd; vd khw;wpf;nfhz;lhh;
146. Gul;rpf; ftpQh; vd;W miof;fg;gl;lth; - ghujpjhrd;
147. ghNte;jh; vd;W Nghw;wg;gl;lth; - ghujpjhrd;
148. nkhop> ,dk;> Fbahl;rp chpikfs; gw;wp cuf;fj; jk; ghly;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jpath;-
ghujpjhrd;
149. gpnuQ;R nkhopapy; mike;j njhopyhsh; rl;lj;ij jopo; tbtpy; je;jth;-
ghujpjhrd;
150. ghujpjhrd; ,aw;wpa Ey;fs;-FLk;g tpsf;F> ghz;bad; ghpR> ,Uz;l tPL>
Nrujhz;ltk;> gprpuhe;ijahh;> mofpd; rphpg;G
151. ghujpjhrd; elj;jpa ,jo; - Fapy;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

152. ghujpjhrd;; jhd; ,aw;wpa ve;j ehlfj;jpw;F rhfpj;jpa mfhlkp tpUJ ngw;whh;-
gprpuhe;ijahh;
153. ’tho;tpdpy; nrk;ik nra;gth; ePNa” vd;w ghujpjhrdpd; jkpo; tho;j;Jg; ghliy

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GJit muR jkpo;j;jha; tho;j;jhf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sJ
154. jkpof muR epWtpaJ - ghujpjhrd; gy;fiyf; fofk;
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155. ghujpjhrd; gy;fiyf; fofk; epWtpa ,lk; - jpUr;rp

nkhopia Ms;Nthk;

kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp

156. jkpo; nkhopapy; kwe;Jk;> kiwe;jJkhd nra;jpfis ntspf; nfhzh;e;J tPhpa

czh;Tld; ntspapl;lth; - kapiy rPdp Ntq;flrhkp
157. kapiy .rPdp. Ntq;flrhkpapd; fl;Liufs; - ,uhNkRtuj; jPT> ciwA+h;
mope;j tuyhW> kiwe;JNghd kUq;fhg;gl;bdk;.
158. kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp ,aw;wpa E}y;fs; - nfhq;F ehl;L tuyhW> JSt
ehl;L tuyhW> Nrud; nrq;Fl;Ltd;> kNfe;jputh;kd;> eurpk;k th;kd;> %d;whk; ee;jp
th;kd;.
159. fsg;gpuh; fhyj; jkpofk; - vd;Dk; Ma;T E}y;> ,Uz;l fhyk; vd;W
Ma;thsh;fshy; tUzpf;fg;gl;l fsg;gpuh; fhyj;jpw;F xspA+l;b> tuyhw;Wj;
jlj;ijr; nrg;gdpl;lJ.
160. efuhl;rpg;gs;sp Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpath; - kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp
161. kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp fhyk; - 1900 – 1980
162. kapiy. rPdp. Nrq;flrhkpf;F kJiug; gy;fiyf; fofk; 1980 Mk; Mz;L ‘jkpo;
Nguitr; nrk;ky; “ vd;Dk; gl;lkspj;Jg; ghuhl;baJ.
163. kapiy. rPdp. Ntq;flrhkp gilg;Gfs; - fpwpj;JtKk; jkpOk;> rkzKk;
jkpOk;> ngsj;jKk; jkpOk;> kiwe;J Nghd jkpo; E}y;fs;.
164. i`f;$ vd;gjw;Fj; jkpopy; Jspg;gh vd;W nghUSz;L.
165. ; f tuyhW E}yhrphpah; - Nf.ghyjz;lhAjk;
[Pth tho;fi
166. nrhy;yhf;fk; vd;w E}yhrphpah; - ,.kiwkiy

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; -9 nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT

nkhopia Ms;Nthk;- ts;syhh;

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167. ‘ thba gapiuf; fz;lNghnjy;yhk; thbNdd; “vd;wth; - ts;syhh ;
168. jpUtUl;gh je;jth; - ts;syhh;
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169. mikjp> md;G topapyhd r%fj;ij cUthf;f tpUk;gpath; - ts;syhh;;
170. flTs; xd;Nw vd;W typAWj;jpath; - ts;syhh;
171. rhjp>kj>,d>ghy; NtWghLfs; fle;j mUl; ngUQ;Nrhjp - ts;syhh;
172. VO tajpNy ftp ghLk; ty;yik ngw;wth; - ts;syhh;
173. nja;tkzpkhiy> fe;jh; rutzg;gj;J Mfpa E}y;fis cUthf;fpath; - ts;syhh;
174. kDKiw fz;l thrfk; vd;w E}iyj; je;jth; - ts;syhh;
175. xoptpy; xLf;fk; > njhz;l kz;ly rjfk; > rpd;ka jPgpif Mfpa E}y;fisg;
gjpg;gpj;jth; - ts;syhh;
; rq;fj;ij Njhw;Wtpj;jth; - ts;syhh;
176. rkur Rj;j rd;khh;ff
177. rj;jpa jUkrhiyia mikj;jth; - ts;syhh;
178. nja;tq;fs; gy vdr; nrhy;Yk; cUt topghl;il kWj;jth; - ts;syhh;
179. flTs; xUtNu> mtiu Nrhjp tbtpy; cz;ik md;ghy; topgl Ntz;Lk; vd;W
$Wgth; - ts;syhh;
180. rpW nja;t topghL $lhJ mj;nja;tq;fspd; Nguhy; caph;gyp $lhJ vd;W
$wpath; - ts;syhh;
181. Gyhy; cz;zyhfhJ vd;W $Wgth; - ts;syhh;
182. rhjp > rkak; Kjypa NtWghLfs; $lh>vt;TapiuAk; jk; caph; Nghy vz;zp
xOFk;> Md;kNea xUikg;ghl;Lupikiaf; filgpbf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpath;
- ts;syhh;
183. %lg;gof;f tof;fq;fis xopf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gth; - ts;syhh;
; f vd; ifapy; Mrphpah; - Qhep
184. vd; tho;fi
185. kdpj tho;it khw;wpaikj;j fz;L gpbg;ghsh;fs; - Mh;.Nf.tp.NfhghyfpU\;zd;
>nkhop ngah;g;G - ma;ahrhkp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 10 ahiuAk; kjpj;J tho;

nkhopia Ms;Nthk;;

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jpU.tp.fypahz Re;judhh; (1883-1953)

186. nghWikiag; g+Zq;fs;;: nghWikapd; Mw;wiy czUq;fs; czh;e;J cyif

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Nehf;Fq;fs; ekJ ehl;il Nehf;Fq;fs; ekJ ehL ehlhapUf;fpwjh? vd;W $wpath;
- jpU.tp.f
187. jha;Kfk; Nehf;Fq;fs; mts; Kfj;jpy; moF fhNzhk; mts; ,jak; Jbf;fpwJ
vd;W $wpath; - jpU.tp.f
188. rhjp Ntw;Wik> jPz;lhik> ngz;zbik cl;gif Kjypa Neha;fs; mtis
mspf;fpd;wd vhpf;fpd;wd vd;W $wpath;- jpU.tp.f
189. ,siktpUe;J E}ypd; Mrphpah; - jpU.tp.f
190. jkpopidf; fl;Lf;Fs; mlf;fhky; nrOikAwr; nra;a ,isQh;fis mioj;jth;-
jpU.tp.f
191. jk; je;ijaplk; njhlf;ff; fy;tp gapd;wth; - jpU.tp.f
192. nt];yp gs;spapy; gbj;jNghJ eh. fjpiuNty; vd;gthplk; jkpo;g gbj;jhh;
193. jpU.tp.f kapiy jzpfhryk; vd;gthplk; jkpNohL irt E}y;fisAk; gapd;whh;
194. jkpo;j; njd;wy; vd;W miof;fg;gLth; - jpU.tp.f
195. jpU.tp.f vOjpa E}y;fs; – ngz;zpd; ngUik> KUfd; my;yJ moF> kdpj
tho;f;ifAk;fhe;jpabfSk;>vd; fld; gzp nra;tJ fplg;gNj>irtj;
jpwT>,e;jpahTk; tpLjiyAk; > nghJik Ntl;ly;> jpUf;Fws; tphpTiu
196. Nkilg;Ngr;rhsuhfTk;> vOj;jshuhfTk; tpsq;fpath; - jpU.tp.f
197. jpU.tp.f Mrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wpa ,jo;fs;- Njrgf;jd;> etrf;jp
198. jkpo;f; ftpQh;fspy; murpay; ,af;fq;fspy; mjpfkhd <LghL nfhz;bUe;jth; -
jpU.tp.f
199. njhopw;rq;fj;ijj; Njhw;Wtpj;J njhopyhsh;fspd; chpikf;Fk; Kd;Ndw;wj;jpw;Fk;
ghLgl;lth; - jpU.tp.f
200. jpU.tp.f jiyikj; jkpohrphpauhfg; gzpahw;wp ,lk; - nt];yp fy;Y}hp
201. ,yf;fpa gapw;rpAk;> ,irg; gapw;rpAk; ngw;wth; - jpU.tp.f

129
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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ek;ik
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msg;Nghk;
kh.uNk\; > vk;. V.> gp. vl;.> vk;/gpy;.>
nel;> nrl;> nll;.>
KJfiy Mrphpah; (jkpo;)
muR Nky;epiyg; gs;sp>
nrd;dk;gl;b – 638 504
me;jpa+h; (tl;lk;)
<NuhL (khtl;lk;)

nry; - 97 50 37 98 82 Mail ID – [email protected]

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; -1 vd;Daph; vd;Ngd;

1. Ngr;RnkhopAk; ftpijnkhopAk; - ,e;jpud;

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Afj;jpd; ghly; - R. tpy;tuj;jpdk;
ed;D}y; ghapuk; - gtze;jpKdpth;
- m. Kj;Jypq;fk;
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Mwhk; jpiz
2. fghlGuq;fisf; fhTnfhz;lgpd;Dk; fhyj;jhy; rhfhjnjhy; fdpkq;fs; - mb
Nkhid fghlGuq;fis - fhyj;jhy;
3. ghapuk; ,y;yJ gDty; md;Nw
4. xUjputepiyapy; >ehd; tpUk;Gk; tifapy; vd;dplk; fPo;g;gbe;J ele;J nfhs;Sk;
vdJ nkhop >vOj;J nkhopahfg; gjpT nra;ag;gLfpw NghJ ciwe;J Nghd gdpf;
fl;biag; Nghd;w jpl epiyia milfpwJ. ,t;thpfs; czh;j;Jk; fUj;J -
vOj;J nkhopia tplNgr;R nkhop vspikahdJ.
5. nkhop Kjy; vOj;Jfspd; mbg;gilapy; Kiwahdijf; fz;Lgpbf;f
- md;dk;>fpz;zk;.

,ay; - 2 khkio Nghw;WJk;

6. ahidlhf;lh; - FWk;Gjpdk;
7. kz;Zf;F tsk; Nrh;g;gd - kz;GO> CLgaph; > ,aw;if cuq;fs;
8. thd; ngha;j;jJ - kionga;atpy;iy
9. fUg;gl;b>gdq;fw;fz;L - kjpg;Gf; $l;Lg; nghUs;.
10. Vjpypf; FUtpfs; vd;gJ - tho;tjw;fhd #oy; fpilf;fhjFUtpfs;.

11. jpiz ghbath;

1. FwpQ;rp - fgpyh;
2. Ky;iy - Ngadhh;
3. kUjk; - Xuk;Nghfpahh;
4. nea;jy; - mk;%tdhh;
5. ghiy - Xjyhe;ijahh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

12. jpiz Kjw;nghUs; epyk;

1. FwpQ;rp - kiyAk; kiyrhh;e;j ,lk;

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2. Ky;iy - fhLk; fhLrhh;e;j ,lk;

3. kUjk; - taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lk;

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4. nea;jy; - flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lk;

5. ghiy - kzYk; kzy; rhh;e;j ,lk;

13. jpiz ngUk;nghOJ

1. FwpQ;rp - Fsph;fhyk;

2. Ky;iy - Kd;gdpf;fhyk; >fhh;fhyk;

3. kUjk; - MWngUk;nghOJfs;

4. nea;jy; - MWngWk;nghOJfs;

5. ghiy - ,sNtdpy; >KJNtdpy; >gpd;gdp

14. jpiz rpWnghOJ

1. FwpQ;rp - ahkk;

2. Ky;iy - khiy

3. kUjk; - itfiw

4. nea;jy; - vw;ghL

5. ghiy - ez;gfy;

15. jpiz nja;tk;

1. FwpQ;rp - KUfd;

2. Ky;iy - jpUkhy;

3. kUjk; - ,e;jpud;

4. nea;jy; - tUzd;

5. ghiy - nfhw;wit

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

16. jpiz kf;fs;

1.FwpQ;rp - ntw;gd;>Fwtd;>Fwj;jp>

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2. Ky;iy - Mah;>Ma;rr
; pah;

3. kUjk; - Cud;>cOth;>cOj;jpah
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4. nea;jy; - Nrh;g;gd;>gujh;>guj;jpah;

5. ghiy - vapdh;,vaw;wpah;,kwth;,

17. jpiz kuk;

1.FwpQ;rp - mfpy;>Ntq;if>Njf;F>re;jdk;

2. Ky;iy - nfhd;iw>fhah

3. kUjk; - fhQ;rp>kUjk;>tQ;rp

4. nea;jy; - Gd;id>Qhoy;

5. ghiy - ghiy>,Ug;ig

18. jpiz giw

1. FwpQ;rp - njhz;lfk;

2. Ky;iy - VWNfhl;giw

3. kUjk; - kzKoh>ney;yhpjpiz

4. nea;jy; - kPd; Nfhl;ghiw

5. ghiy - Jb

19. jpiz aho;

1. FwpQ;rp - FwpQ;rpaho;

2. Ky;iy - Ky;iyaho;

3. kUjk; - kUjaho;

4. nea;jy; - tpshpaho;

5. ghiy - ghiyaho;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 3 gPL ngw epy;

20. $w;W - NfhL vd;gJ jkpo;r; nrhy; MFk;

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tpsf;fk; - NfhL vd;Dk; nrhy;Yf;F kiyAr;rp> ty;yuz; >Nfhl;il vd;Dk;
nghUs;fSk; cz;L
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gjpy; - $w;Wk; rhptpsf;fKk; rhp
21. fhtbr; rpe;Jf;F je;ij vd;W miof;fg;gLgth;- mz;zhkiyahh;
22. nghUj;jkhdtpilfs;

nts;sptPjpahh; FWe;njhif

fhtbr; rpe;J
mz;zhkiyahh;

thbthry;
Rp.R.nry;yg;gh

GwehD}W
,sk;ngUtOjp

23. ,dpnjd- ,r;nrhy;ypy; mike;Js;s Gzh;r;rp tpjp

• caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk;
• cly; Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
24. gFgj cWg;GfSs; ,lk;ngWk; mbg;gil cWg;Gfs; - gFjp> tpFjp

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay;-4 ,dpnahU tpjp nra;Nthk;

25. nghUe;jhjJ

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jhk]; My;thvbrd;

[d;];Bd; mwptpay; mwpQh;fs;

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];Bgd; `hf;fpq;

Nehk; Nrhk;];fp – nkhopapay; mwpQh;

26. kPuhgw;wpa $w;Wfspy; jtwhdJ

1. tpQ;Qhdp vd;gJ kPuhtpd; ftpauq;ff; ftpij MFk; - (rup)

2. md;dk; tpL J}J ,jio elj;jpath; - (rup)

3. fdTfs; + fw;gidfs; = fhfpjq;fs; ftpij Mrphpah; - (rup)

4. vOj;J vd;Dk; ,jopd; Mrphpauhf tpsq;fpath; - (jtW)

27. nrQ;Qhapw;Wr; nryTk; mQ;Qhapw;W - ,jpy; nryT vd;gjd; nghUs; - gazk;

28. ngUq;fyk; nrhy;ypd; Gzh;r;rptpj p- <WNghjy;> ,dkpfy;

29. WHO jkpo; tphpthf;fk; - cyfeyepWtdk;

30. nghUj;Jf:

m) mb mfuk; I Mjy; igq;$y;

M) Kd; epd;wnka; jphpjy; nrq;fjph;

,) MjpePly; fhhpUs;

<) ,dkpfy; ngUq;nfhil

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

31. m) epiy nkhopapay; Fw;wpaYfukhfTk; tUnkhopapd; Kjy; capnuOj;jhfTk;

mikAk; NghJ ‘caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;L XLk; “ vd;Dk; tpjpiag; ngWk;

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M)epiynkhopapd; <w;wpy; , < I tUk; NghJ tfu clk;gL nka; tUk;

,)gz;Gg;ngah;g; Gzh;r;rpapy; <WNghjy; vd;Dk; tpjpNa Kjd;ikahd

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jhftpsq;Fk;

<) jd;ndhw;wpul;ly; vd;Dk; tpjp gz;Gg;ngah;g; Gzh;r;rpf;F nghUe;Jk;.

tpil : m>,>< - rhp M - jtW

,ay; - 5 Nfby; tpOr;nry;tk;

32. VL> Rtb> nghj;jfk;> gDty;> Kjypa nrhw;fs; jUk; nghUs; - Xiy
33. Rhpahdtpilfs;

m. fy;tpmoNfmoF - ehybahh;
M. ,sikapy; fy; - Mj;jp#b
,. Jizahy; tUtJ J}a ew;fy;tp - jpUke;jpuk;
<. ghlk; Nghw;wy; Nfl;git epidj;jy; - njhy;fhg;gpak; rpwg;ghapu
ciug;ghly;

34. 9 mb rpw;nwy;iyAk; 12 mb Ngnuy;iyAk; nfhz;l E}y; - ew;wpiz

35. njhy;fhg;gpaj;jpy; cs;snkhj;j ,ay;fs; - 27
36. epoy; Nghyj; njhlh;e;jhs; - vt;tifctik - tbtk;

,ay; - 6 Mde;juq;fh; ehl;Fwpg;G

37. nghUe;jhjijj; Njh;Tnra;f

1. Mde;juq;fh; vOjpa ehl;Fwpg;Gfs; gd;dpuz;L njhFjpfshf
ntspte;Js;sd
2. Xt;nthUehs; epfo;Tf;Fk; Mz;L> jpq;fs> ehs;> fpoik> Neuk; epfo;tplk;
Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpg;gplhky; nra;jpfisvOjpAs;shh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

3. Mde;juq;fhpd; ehl;Fwpg;G 18-Mk; E}w;whz;bd; jkpo;r; r%fj;ijg; glk;

gpbj;Jf; fhl;Ltjhf mike;Js;sJ
4. INuhg;ghtpypUe;J ,e;jpahit mila fg;gy;fSf;F vl;Lj; jpq;fs;
Njitg;gl;ld

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38. Mde;juq;fUf;F njhlh;gpy;yhjJ - cyf ehl;Fwpg;G ,yf;fpaj;jp je;ij

39. cWgif> ,ld; ,yf;fzf;Fwpg;G – chpr;nrhy; njhlh;> <w;Wg;Nghyp

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40. rhpahdijj; Njh;e;njLf;f

tiu kiy rhp

jpUkzk; rhp
tJit

ahid rhp
thuzk

fly jtW
Gltp

41. Nenuhd;whrphpaj;jis vdg;gLtJ – khKd; Neh;

42. kiwf;fg;gl;l ,e;jpah E}y; Mrphpah; - v];. ,uhkfpU\;zd;
43. nghUj;Jf

gh mb

,Wjp mbAs; Ke;ija mb

Nehpir Mrphpag;gh
rpe;jbahy; tUk;

,izf;Fws; Mrphpag;gh KjybAk;

,izf;Fws; Mrphpag;gh
,WjpabAk; mstbfshy; tUk;

epiykz;by Mrphpag;gh vy;yhmbfSk; mstbngw;WtUk

mbfiskhw;wpdhYk;XirAk;
mbkz;by Mrphpag;gh nghUs; khwhJtUk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; - 7 gy;fiy epWT

44. $w;W -1 : jQ;ir nghpa NfhtpypYs;s Xtpaq;fis v];.Nf.Nfhtpe;jrhkp fz;lwpe;jhh;

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$w;W -2 : mq;Fs;s Nrhoh; fhyj;J Xtpaq;fs; ‡gpnu];Nfh tifiar; rhh;e;jit

gjpy; : $w;W 1 jtW - $w;W 2 rhp

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45. “o” vd;Dk; ngahpy; ftpQh; Mj;khehkhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJftpijf; fphPlk;
vd;WNghw;wg;gLtJ – rpw;wpjo;> Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp
46. nghUj;Jf :
1) tphpad; - rpyk;G
2) jpUF KUF - jz;il
3) ehq;$o;g; GO - ghlfk;
4) Fz;lyg; G+r;rp - fhyhop
47. ngz;fs; tpisahLk; tpisahl;Lfspy; xd;W– rhoy;
48. <WNghjy;> Kd;dpd;w nka;jphpjy;> jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W> cly; Nky; caph; te;J
xd;Wjy; Mfpa thpirapy; Gzh;e;jnrhy; - ey;yhil

49. Ship – fyk;> fl;Lkuk;> ehtha;> glF> ghprpy;> Giz> Njhzp

,ay;-8 itaj; jiyik nfhs;

50. [dg;gpusak; vd;Wk; tlnkhopr; nrhy;Yf;Fhpa jkpo;r; nrhy; - kf;fs; miy

51. $w;W: vl;Lj; njhif E}y;fSs; xd;whd gjpw;Wg;gj;J Gwk; rhh;e;j E}y;

fhuzk;:Nru kd;dh; gjpd;kupd; rpwg;Gfisf; $WfpwJ ,e;E}y;

tpil: ,uz;Lk; rhp

52. moFk; mwpTk; ,sikAk; tha;e;jtd; - ahh; ahhplk; $wpaJ?

mikr;rh;- kd;dhplk;
53. Mf;fg;ngah; tpFjpngwhjnrhy;iyj; Njh;f - Mrphpah;
54. milahWg; ghyj;jpd; Rtw;wpy; vOjhjPh; - ,t;thpapy; cs;snrhw;gpiofspd;
jpUj;jk; milahWg; ghyj;jpd; Rthpy; vOjhjPh;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,ay; -9 nka;g;nghUs; fhz;gJ mwpT

55. rhjpg;ghptpdpNyjPia %l;LNthk; vd;gJ ahh; $w;W– ghk;ghl;br; rpj;jh;

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56. rhpahdepWj;jf; FwpAilanrhw;nwhlh; kyutd; jd; ghl;baplk; >’ ehd;
gbf;fpNwd;” vd;whd; .
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57. fw;Nwd; vd;gha; fw;whah? ntWk; fhfpjk; jpd;gJ fy;tpapy;iy - ,jpy;
gapd;WtUtJ – rPh; Nkhid>mbNkhid
58. tpy;ypghujj;jpy; ‘ #hpadpd; Njhd;wy;” vd;WFwpg;gplg;gLgth; - fd;dd;
(fh;zd;)
59. nfhs; - vd;Dk; Nth;r;nrhy;ypd; tpidahyizAk; ngah; - nfhs;Nthd;

,ay; - 10 ahiuAk; kjpj;J tho;

60. g+i[> tp\ak;> cgNahfk; vd;gitKiwNa– topghL> nra;jp> gad;ghL

61. $Tk; FapYk; fiuAk; fhfKk; - ,j;njhlhpy; ,lk;ngw;wkuG– xypkuG
62. ahNucidg;Nghy; mDjpdk; ciog;Nghh; - ,J vth;nkhop- eluhrd;
63. jkpopd; Kjy; ghtbtehlfE}y; - kNdhd;kzPak;
64. nrhw;fis xOq;Fg;gLj;jp nrhw;nwhluhf;Ff

,d;W ehd; ,jo;fspy; vOJtNjhL ,yf;fpa NkilfspYk; NgRfpNwd;

65. kidtpapd; fbjk;> ,utPe;jpuehj; jh$hpd; rpWfijfs; vd;w E}iyvOjpath; -

j.eh. Fkhurhkp
66. xt;nthUGy;iyAk; ngah; nrhy;ypmiog;Ngd; - ftpQh; ,d;Fyhg;
67. ehd; tpj;ahMrphpah; - yptpq; ];iky; tpj;ah
68. rq;ff; ftpijapd; vOj;njhd;iwj; jpwe;JntspNate;jts; - fhf;ifg; ghbdp –
nrhy;gth; n`r;.[p.u#y;
69. Mwhk; epyj;jpy; Jsph;j;jmwptpay; jkpo; ePvd;W $Wgth; - n`r;.[p.u#y;
70. mzq;F– nja;tk;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

jpizfs;
FwpQ;rp

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1. nja;tk; - KUfd;
2. kf;fs; - ntw;gd;> Fwtd;> Fwj;jp
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3. czT - kiy ney;
4. tpyq;F - Gyp> ahid>fub>rpq;fk;
5. g+ - FwpQ;rp> fhe;js;
6. kuk; - mfpy;> Ntq;if> Njf;F> re;jdk;
7. gwit - fpsp> kapy;
8. Ch; - rpWFb
9. ePh; - mUtp> RidePh;
10. giw - njhz;lfk;
11. aho; - FwpQ;rpaho;
12. gz; - FwpQ;rpg;gz;
13. njhopy; - Njd; vLj;jy;> fpoq;F mfo;jy;> ntwpahly;
14. epyk; (Kjw;nghUs;) - kiyAk; kiy rhh;e;j ,lKk;
15. ngUk;nghOJ - Fsph;fhyk;> Kd;gdpf; fhyk;
16. rpWnghOJ - ahkk;
17. chpg;nghUs; - Gzh;jYk; Gzh;jy; epkpj;jKk;

Ky;iy

18. nja;tk; - jpUkhy;

19. kf;fs; - Mah;> Ma;r;rpah;
20. czT - tuF> rhik
21. tpyq;F - Kay;> khd;
22. g+ - Ky;iy> Njhd;wp
23. kuk; - nfhd;iw> fhah

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

24. gwit - fhl;Lf; Nfhop

25. Ch; - ghb> Nrhp
26. ePh; - fhl;lhW

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27. giw - VWNfhl;giw
28. aho; - Ky;iy aho;
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29. gz; - rhjhhpg; gz;(Ky;iyg; gz;)
30. njhopy; - VWjOTjy;> epiu Nka;j;jy;
31. Kjw;nghUs; - fhLk; fhL rhh;e;j ,lKk;
32. chpg;nghUs; - ,Uj;jYk; ,Uj;jy; epkpj;jKk;
33. ngUk;nghOJ - fhh;fhyk;
34. rpWnghOJ - khiy

kUjk;

35. nja;tk; - ,e;jpud;

36. kf;fs; - Cud;> cOth;> cOj;jpah;
37. czT - nre;ney;
38. tpyq;F - vUik> ePhe
; ha;
39. G+ - nrq;fOePh>; jhkiu> Ftis
40. kuk; - fhQ;rp> kUjk;> tQ;rp
41. gwit - ehiu> ePh;f;Nfhop

42. Ch; - Ng&h;> %J}h;

43. ePh; - kidf;fpzW> ngha;if
44. giw - kzKoh> ney;yhp fpiz
45. aho; - kUj aho;
46. gz; - kUjg;gz;
47. njhopy; - ney;yhpjy; > fis gwpj;jy;> GJ ePuhly;
48. Kjw;nghUs; - taYk; tay; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
49. chpg;nghUs; - ClYk; Cly; epkpj;jKk;
50. ngUk;nghOJ - MW ngUk; nghOJfs;

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

51. rpWnghOJ - itfiw

nea;jy;

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52. nja;tk; - tUzd;
53. kf;fs; - Nrh;g;gd;> gujh;> guj;jpah;
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54. czT - kPd;> cg;G tpw;wg; nghUs;
55. tpyq;F - Kjiy>Rwh
56. g+ - nea;jy;>jhio>Kz;lfg; g+
57. kuk; - Gd;id> Qhoy;
58. gwit - flw;fhfk;> md;dk;
59. Ch; - gl;bdk;> ghf;fk;
60. ePh; - kzw;fpzW> cth;f;fop
61. giw - kPd; Nfhl;giw
62. aho; - tpshpaho;
63. gz; - nrt;topg; gz;
64. njhopy; - kPd; gpbj;jy;> czf;fy;> cg;G tpisj;jy;
65. Kjw;nghUs; - flYk; fly; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
66. chpg;nghUs; - ,uq;fYk; ,uq;fy; epkpj;jKk;
67. ngUk;nghOJ - MW ngUk; nghOJfs;
68. rpWnghOJ - vw;ghL

ghiy

69. nja;tk; - nfhw;wit

70. kf;fs; - vapdh;> vapw;wpah;> kwth;
71. czT - fth;nghUs;
72. tpyq;F - nre;eha;
73. g+ - Fwtk;> ghjphp
74. kuk; - ghiy> ,Ug;ig

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

75. gwit - Gwh> gUe;J

76. Ch; - FWk;G
77. ePh; - tw;wpa Rid

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78. giw - Jb
79. aho; - ghiyaho;
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80. gz; - gQ;Ruk;
81. njhopy; - topg;gwp> gfw;nfhs;is> epiu fth;jy;
82. Kjw;nghUs; - kzYk; kzy; rhh;e;j ,lKk;
83. chpg;nghUs; - gphpjYk; gphpjy; epkpj;jKk;
84. ngUk;nghOJ - ,sNtdpy;> KJNtdpy;> gpd;gdp
85. rpWnghOJ - ez;gfy;

jpiz - nghJtpay; jpiz:-

jpiz tpsf;fk;
ntl;rp Kjy; ghlhz; tiu cs;s jpizfspd; $wg;glhj
nra;jpfisAk; gpw nghJthd nra;jpfisAk; njhFj;Jf; $WtJ nghJtpay;
jpizahFk;.

rhd;W:-
‘cz;lhy; mk;k ,t;Tyhk; ,e;jpuh;
mkpo;jk; ,iatJ MapDk;.....
vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;

rhd;W tpsf;fk;:-
jkf;fhf ciof;fhky; gpwh;ff
; hfg; nghpa Kaw;rpAld; ciog;gth;fs;
,e;jpudpd; mkpo;jNk fpilj;jhYk; jdpj;J cz;z khl;lhh;fs;. ahiuAk;
ntWf;f khl;lhh;fs. Nrhk;gypd;wpr; nray;gLth;fs; gpwh; mQ;Rtjw;F jhKk;
mQ;Rthh;fs; Gfo; tUk; vd;why; capiuAk; nfhLg;gh;. Gop tUk; vd;why;
Vw;Wf;nfhs;shh;. Vjw;Fk; kdk; jsukhl;lhh;fs;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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ghlhz; jpiz

tpsf;fk;:-
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ghlhz; jpiz vd;gJ Mz; kfdpd; (Nte;jh;) rpwg;gpay;Gfis $wp
mtdJ tPuj;ijAk;> GfioAk;> nfhil ts;sd;ikAk; Fwpj;J Gfo;e;J ghLtJ.
Mz; kfdJ xOf;fyhw;iwAk; $WtJ ghlhz; jpizahFk;.

rhd;W:-
‘nrQ;Qh apw;Wr; nryTk;
mQ;Qh apw;Wg; ghpg;Gk;
ghpg;Gr; #o;e;jk vd;byKk;
tsp jphpjU jpirAk;”
vdj; njhlq;Fk; ciwa+h; KJfz;zd; rhj;jdhh; vOjpa gwehD}w;Wg; ghly;
rhd;W tpsf;fk;:-
flypy; rk;GfisAk; gha; kuq;fisAk; nrYj;jpg; nghUsPl;LtJ
gujth;fspd; fyq;fs; top neLfpYk; rpe;Jk; nghUs;fisf; fz;L nfhs;shky;
tpl;L tpLk; mstpw;F tsq;nfhz;l jiytd; eyq;fps;sp fjputdpd; tPjpiaAk;>
fhw;wpd; jpiriaAk; Kbtpy;yhj thdj;ijAk; mwpe;jth;fs; Nghy mwpQh;fs;
cs;sdh;. mth;fshy; $l mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;J mhpatd; eyq;fps;sp.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

Jiwfs; - nghUz;nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;Jiw

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Jiwtpsf;fk;:

‘vupe;jpyq;F rilKb Kdptu;

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Gupe;J fz;lnghUs; nkhopj;jd;W’

vd;gJ Gwg;nghUs; ntz;ghkhiy $w;W. mjhtJ Jwtpauhfpa nka;Azu;e;Njhu;

fz;l nghUs; ,J vdmjd; ,ay;ig czu;j;jpaJ nghUz; nkhopf; fhQ;rpj;
JiwahFk;.

rhd;W:

‘cz;lhy; mk;k ,t;Tyfk; ,e;jpuh;

mkpo;jk; ,iatJ MapDk;’……

vdj; njhlq;Fk; ghly;.

rhd;Wtpsf;fk;:

jkf;fhf ciof;fhky; gpwu;ff

; hfg; ngupa Kaw;rpAld; ciog;gtu;fs;
,e;jpuDf;Fupa mkpu;jk; fpilj;jhYk; jdpj;J cz;z khl;lhu;fs;. ahiuAk;
ntWf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. Nrhk;gypd;wpr; nray;gLthh;fs;. gpwu; mQ;Rtjw;F jhKk;
mQ;Rthh;fs;. Gfo;tUk; vd;why; capiuAk; nfhLg;gu;. goptUk; vd;why; vw;Wf;
nfhs;shh;. vjw;Fk; kdk; jsukhl;lhh;fs;.

,ad;nkhopj; Jiw

tpsf;fk;:

xUNte;jd; vjpu; nrd;Wmtd; jd;ikiaf; $wpg; Gfo;tJ ,ad;nkhopj;

JiwahFk;. mtdJ ,ay;ig Gfo;e;J $wp tho;j;JtJrpwg;ghFk;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

rhd;W:

nrQ;Qhapw;Wr; nryTk;

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mQ;Qhapw;Wg; ghpg;Gk;

ghpg;Gr; #o;e;jkz;byKk;
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tsp jphpjUjpirAk;

vdj; njhlq;Fk; ciwa+u; KJ fz;zd; rhj;jdhu; vOjpa GwehDhw;Wg; ghly;.

rhd;Wtpsf;fk;:

flypy; $k;GfisAk; gha; kuq;fisAk; nrYj;jpg; nghUsPl;LtJ gujtu;fspd;

fyq;fs;. Top neLfpYk; rpe;Jk; nghUs;fisf; fz;L nfhs;shky; tpl;L tpLk;
mstpw;F tsq;nfhz;l jiytd; eyq;fps;sp. fjputdpd; tPjpiaAk; fhw;wpd;
jpiriaAk; Kbtpy;yhj thdj;ijAk; mwpe;jtu;fs; Nghy mwpQu;fs; cs;sdu;.
mtu;fshy; $l mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;F mupatd; eyq;fps;sp.

kfs; epiy ciuj;jy;

Jiwtpsf;fk;:

kfs;epiy ciuj;jy; vd;gJ jiytNdhL cld; Nghfpa tpisahl;Lg; gUtk;

khwhj kfs; ,y;ywk; Mw;Wk; ghq;if ew;whaplk; nrtpypj;jha; vz;zpf; $WtJ.
,j;Jiw ‘kid kUl;rp’ vd;Wk; $wg;gLk;.

rhd;W:

gpurk; fye;jntz;Ritj; jPk;ghy;

tphpfjph;g; nghw;fyj;JxUifVe;jpg;

vdj; njhlq;Fk; Nghjdhh; ,aw;wpaew;wpizg; ghly;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

tpsf;fk;:

ek; tPl;by; Njd; fye;j ghy; czit nghw;fyj;jpy; ,l;L nrtpypah; xUifapy;

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Ve;jptUth;. ek; kfis cz;z itg;gjw;fhf rpWNfhiy itj;jpUg;gh;. ,ij
cz;ghahfvdr; nrhy;Yth;. kfNsh ehd; cz;Nzd; vd kWj;J mq;Fkpq;Fk;
XLths;. ,t;thW ,Ue;jts; jhd; kze;J nfhz;l fztd; tPl;by; tWikAw;w
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epiyapYk; jd; je;ijapd; tPl;by; ngw;w tskhd cztpidg; gw;wp epidj;Jg;
ghuhs;.

nre;Jiwg; ghlhz;ghl;L

Jiwtpsf;fk;:

nre;JiwahtJcyfpDs; ,aw;iftifahd; ,ad;wkf;fisg; ghLjy;.

,Jnre;Jiwg; ghlhz; ghl;Lvdg;gLk;.

rhd;W:

gpjp gpiog;G mwpahJ Ja;j;jy; va;jp

epiuak ; xhP,a Ntl;ifg; GiuNahh;

vdj; njhlq;Fk; Fkl;^h;f; fz;zdhh; ,aw;wpa gjpw;Wg;gj;J ghly;.

rhd;Wtpsf;fk;:

NruyhjNd cd; Fbkf;fs; ey;ynray;fisNa nra;J tUgth;fs;. grp gpzp

mwpahj mtu;fs; ehl;il tpl;L Gyk; ngauhky; cd; ehl;bNy Rw;wj;jhNuhL tho
tpUk;Gth;. ,g;nghpa epyTyfj;jpy; thOk; midj;J caph;fSf;Fk; ,ilawhJ
nfhLf;Fk; gz;GilatNd: eP rhd;Nwhh;f;F mhpa nghUs;fs; ey;Ftha;. cd;
ehl;bd; tsj;ijAk; gif ehl;bd; mopitAk; fz;L tpag;gilfpNwd;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

mzp - Ntw;Wikmzp

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Fws;:

jPapdhy; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk; MwhNj

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ehtpdhy; Rl;ltL.

❖ ,f;Fwl;ghtpy; ,lk; ngWk; mzp -Ntw;Wikmzp

❖ Ntw;Wik mzp vd;gjd; tpsf;fk;:

ftpQh; xg;Gik cila ,U nghUs;fis vLj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;Wf;Fs;
cs;sxg;Gikiaf; $wpg; gpd;dh; mtw;wpw;F ,ilNa cs;s Ntw;WikAq;
$WtJ Ntw;Wik mzp vdg;gLk;.

v.fh:

jPapdhy; Rl;lGz; cs;shWk; MwhNj

ehtpdhy; Rl;ltL.

ghlypd; nghUs;:

jPapdhy; Rl;lGz;zhy; clypy; tL cz;lhdhYk; cs;NsMwptpLk;. ehtpdhy;

Rl;lGz;zhy; clypd; Gwj;Nj tL cz;lhfhtpl;lhYk; cs;NsMwhJ.

,q;F kdk; Gz;gLk;gb Ngrpdhy; clypd; Gwj;Nj tL cz;lhfhtpl;lhYk; kdk;

MwhJ.

nghUj;jk;:

jPapdhy; Rl;lGz;zhy; clypy; tL cz;lhdhYk; cs;Nsvspjpy; MwptpLk;.

Mdhy; fLQ; nrhw;fs; vd;Wk; ek; kdjpy; gl;lfhaj;ij ve;j kUe;jhYk;
Mw;wKbahJ. Kjypy; xw;Wikg;gLj;jpf; $wp gpd;dh; ,tw;Wf;F ,ilNa cs;s
Ntw;Wikiaf; $Wtjhf mike;Js;sjhy; ,f;Fwl;gh Ntw;Wik mzp Mapw;W.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

Fws;:

kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj; jw;why; nry;tk;

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ngUe;jifahd; fz; gbd;

ctik mzp
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❖ Fwl;ghtpy; ,lk; ngWk; mzp – ctik mzp
❖ Ctik mzp tpsf;fk;:

ftpQh; jhk; $wf; fUjpa nghUis mjd; jd;ik nfhz;l kw;nwhU nghUNshL
ctk cUGfs; ntspg;gilahf tUk;gb xg;gpl;Lf; $WtJ ctik mzp
vdg;gLk;.

ctik xU thf;fpakhfTk; ctNkak; kw;nwhU thf;fpakhfTk; epw;f

mtw;Wf;fpilNa ‘Nghy’ vd;w nghUs; jUk; ctk cUGfs; ntspg;gilahf
tUtJ ctikazp MFk;.

v.fh:

kUe;jhfpj; jg;gh kuj; jw;why; nry;tk;

ngUe;jifahd; fz; gbd;

nghUs;:

ngUe;jifahsdplk; cs;s nry;tk; jd; vy;yh cWg;GfisAk; kUe;jhfj; jUk;

kuj;ijg; Nghd;wJ.

nghUj;jk;:

,f;Fwl;ghtpy; ts;Stu; ‘kUe;jhfpj; jg;ghkuj;jw;why;’ vd;gjidctikahfTk;

‘nry;tk;ngUe;jifahd;fz;gbd;’ ctNkakhfTk; mikj;J mtw;wpw;fpilNa
‘Nghy’ vd;w ctk cUig ntspg;gilahf tUkhW mike;jpUg;gjhy;
,f;Fwl;gh ctik mzpf;F vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp:

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mzp tpsf;fk;:

ftpQu; jhk; ,aw;Wk; nra;Aspy; Xuplj;jpy; te;j nrhy;iyNa kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk;

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mNj nghUspy ; tUkhW mikg;gJ nrhw;nghUs; gpd;tU epiyazp vdg;gLk;.

v.fh:

tpidtypAk; jd;typAk; khw;whd; typAk;

JiztypAk; Jhf;fpr; nray;.

nghUs;:

nraypd; typikAk; jd; typikAk; giftdpd; typikAk; JiztypAk;

rPu;Jhf;fpr; nray;gLf vd;fpwhu; ts;Stu;.

nghUj;jk;:

,f;Fwl;ghtpy; ts;Stu; ‘typ’ vd;Dk; nrhy;iy kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; typik

vd;Dk; xNu nghUisj; jUkhW mikj;jpUg;gjhy; ,f;Fwl;ghnrhw;nghUs;
gpd;tU epiyazpf;F Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

cUtf mzp
mzp tpsf;fk;:

❖ ctikg; nghUisAk; ctkpf;fgLk; nghUisAk; NtWghL ,y;yhky;

nra;j ,uz;Lk; xd;W vd;W Njhd;WkhW ghlg;gLtjw;F cUtf mzp vd;W
ngau;.
❖ mjhtJ ctkhdj;jpidAk; ctNkaj;jpidAk; Ntwhff; $whky;
xd;WgLj;jpf; $Wtjid cUtf mzp vd;gu;.

v.fh:

,untd;Dk; Vkhg;gpy; Njhdpfuntd;Dk;

ghh;jhf;fg; gf;FtpLk;.

150
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

nghUs;:

gpwiu vjpu;ghh;j;J ,ue;Jtho;jy; vd;Dk; ghJfhg;gw;w glF nfhlhik vd;Dk;

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ghiw Nkhjpdhy; cile;J tpLk;.

nghUj;jk;:
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,f;Fwl;ghtpy; ts;Stu; ctikf;Fk; (,ue;Jtho;jy; vd;Dk; ghJfhg;gw;w glF
nfhlhik vd;Dk; ghiw) ctikapd; jd;ikiag; nghUs;Nky; Vw;wp (mjhtJ
gpwiu vjpu; ghh;j;J ,uj;J tho;jy; vd;Dk; ghJfhg;gw;w glF nfhlhik vd;Dk;
ghiw) vdf; $wpapUg;gJ cUtf mzpf;F ,J Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhFk;.

gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp

Fws;:

,isjhfKs;kuk; nfhs;ffisAeu;

ifnfhy;Yk; fho;j;j ,lj;J.

,jpy; gad;WtUk; mzp–gpwpJ nkhopjy; mzp

nghUs;:

fisa Ntz;ba Ks;kuk; Kw;wpf; fho;g;Ngwptpl;lhy; mJ fisgtu; ifia

tUj;Jk; Mifahy; mJ ,sQ;nrbahf ,Uf;Fk; nghONj fps;sp vwpf gifia
Muk;gj;jpNyNa xLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

nghUj;jk;:

,f;Fwl;ghtpy; ts;Stu; fisa Ntz;ba Ks;kuk; Kw;wpf; fho;g;Ngwptpl;lhy;

mJ fisgtu; ifia tUj;Jk; vdctikia kl;Lk; $wp mjd; %yk; gifia
Muk;gj;jpNyNa xLf;f Ntz;Lk; vdj; jhk; nrhy;yf; fUjpiaf; Fwpg;ghfg; ngw
itg;gjhy; ,f;Fwl;gh gpwpJnkhopjy; mzpf;F Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUfpwhu;.

151
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

nrhy; gpd;tUk; epiyazp

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tpsf;fk;:

nrhy; gpd;tUk; epiyazp vd;gJ nra;Aspy; Kd;du; te;j nrhy; mNj

nghUspNyh my;yJ NtW xU nghUspNyh gpd;dUk; gy Kiw
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tUtJ nrhy; gpd;tUk; epiyazp MFk;.

Fws;:

gw;Wf gw;ww;whd; gw;wpidmg;gw;iwg;

gw;Wf gw;W tplw;F.

tpsf;fk;:

gw;wpy;yh ,iwtdpd; gf;jpia kdjpw; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. cyf

Mirfisj; Jwf;f top.

152
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

,yf;fzf; Fwpg;Gfs;

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1. gz;Gj; njhif
nrq;fay; njz;biu ntq;fiz
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ntz;rq;F mUQ;rkk; nrq;if
mUk;gpzp ngUk;Gfo; nrt;tpid
nrQ;QhapW ey;yhil ,sKfk;
ngUq;fyk; Ngud;G ey;Y}z;
ngUtop neLq;Fs;sJ rpWGy;
ntz;Rit ed;dhL NguoF
jPk;ghy; fUq;fly; Ke;ePh;
ngUk;Gfo; ngUe;Jah; ed;kz;

2. tpidj;njhif
vwpfy; nfhy;Gyp nra;Gz;zk;
tphpfjph; Fiufly; nra;njhopy;
xOFePh; miyfly; miyfly;
vwpths; Gfo;zG
; tPoUtp
RLfhL tho;mad;
3. chpr;nrhw;nwhlh;
khefh; khkjiy
cWgif
fbefh;
jle;Njh;
rhyj;jUk;
4. njhopw;ngah;
fhl;ly; nfhsy;
Nfhly; xopjy;
cz;ly; Ja;j;jy;
JQ;ry; jq;Fjy;

153
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

5. mLf;Fj;njhlh;
ed;W ed;W Rlr;Rl

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cOJOJ ghh;j;J ghh;j;J
epy; epy; nrhy;yr; nrhy;y
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6. <Wnfl;l vjph;kiw nganur;rk;
Kayh Mrpyh
gpioah Xth
xbah

7. ck;ikj;njhif
ntg;gk;vsph;
Gy;GO
,uhg;gfy;
8. nganur;rk;
#o;e;j kz;ba gpd;dpa
GFe;j g+j;j Kisj;j
nfhz;l nghype;j Muspa
kype;j khz;ljtis
9. %d;whk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld; njhf;f njhif
nghw;fhyk;
nghw;rpyk;G
10. <w;Wg; Nghyp
ge;jh; ,ld; jpwd;
(ge;jy;) mwd;
11. nra;Aspir msngil (m) ,irepiw msngil
jfhmh;
Gfhmh;

154
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kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

12. nrhy;ypir msngil

epiy,a mir,

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tis, xhP,a
13. nra;Ak; vd;Dk; tha;g;ghl;L nganur;rk;
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jUk;
14. cUtfk;
fz;kyh;
fhyj;jr;rd;
15. ,yf;fzg;Nghyp
tha;f;fhy;
16. ctikj; njhif
kiyaiy
FifKfk;
17. ,ul;ilf;fpstp
neWneW
18. tpidahyizAk; ngah;
Nfl;Nghh; Fwpg;Gzh;Nthh;
gphpe;Njhh; gpwe;jhh;
19. Kw;Wk;ik
Ie;Jk;
20. vz;Zk;ik
kQ;iQAk; nfhz;lJk;
mUk;Gk; kyUk;
mwpTk; xOf;fKk;
jhdKk; xOf;fKk;
jtKk; <ifAk;
<ifAk; nry;tKk;
GOf;fSk; g+r;rpAk;

155
 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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21. Mwhk; Ntw;Wikj; njhif
mfpw;Gif
22. tpidnar;rk;
jhtp
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cUl;b
23. mz;ik tpspr;nrhy;
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fz;zp
24. tpsp
khNj
25. jd;ik gd;ik tpidKw;W
MLfk;
26. mirepiy
My;
mk;k

27. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wik cUGk; gaDk; cld; njhf;f njhif

nghd;efh;
g+f;Fiy
28. tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W

nfLf
XJf
NgrpLf
Mo;f
thopa
etpy;f
cjTf
nfhs;f
jUf
nrhy;Yf

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 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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29. ,Unganuhl;Lg; gz;Gj; njhif
jkpo;f;ftpQh;
Njd;Jsp
30. jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W
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kUz;nldd;
fw;Nwd;
31. ,uz;lhk; Ntw;Wikj;njhif
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cil mzpe;Njd;
32. Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W
ciuj;jha;
33. cah;T rpwg;Gk;ik
Kf;jpAk; ngWjp
34. nkypj;jy; tpfhuk;
ntd;wp
35. ,ilf;Fiw tpfhuq;fs;
nghUs; vyhk; epfh; myd;
36. Vty; gd;ik tpidKw;W
VFkpd;
37. Vty; xUik tpidKw;W
tpFjp

157
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gFgj cWg;gpyf;fzk;
1. itj;jhh; - it+j; +j; +Mh;
it - gFjp
j;
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j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W gFjp
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2. kWj;J - kW+j; +j; +c
kW - gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
c - tpidnar;r tpFjp

3. tpLj;jy; - tpL+j;+jy;
tpL - gFjp
j; - re;jp
jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp

4. gjpg;gpj;jhh; - gjpg;gp+j; +j; +Mh;

gjpg;gp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

5. mioj;jhd; - mio+j; +j; +Md;

mio - gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

6. gwpj;jhh; - gwp+j; +j; +Mh;

gwp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

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7. Ja;j;jy; - Ja; +j; +jy;
Ja; - gFjp
j; - re;jp
jy; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp
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8. Kisj;j - Kis+j; +j; +m
Kis - gFjp
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j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
m - nganur;r tpFjp

9. tpLj;jid - tpL+j; +j; +md; +I

tpL - gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
md; - rhhpia
I - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

10. mspg;gha; - msp+g; +g; +Ma;

msp - gFjp
g; - re;jp
g; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy
Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

11. mspj;Njd;-msp+j; +j; +Vd;

msp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
12. myh;e;J – myh;+j;(e;) +j; +c
myh; - gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
c - tpidnar;r tpFjp

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 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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13. gphpe;Njhh; - gphp+j;(e;) +j; +Xh;
gphp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - tpfhuk;
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j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
Xh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp
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14. gphpe;j - gphp+j;(e;) +j; +m
gphp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
m - nganur;r tpFjp

15. #o;e;j - #o; +j;(e;) +j; +m

#o; - gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
m - nganur;r tpFjp

16. mwpe;Njhh; - mwp +j;(e;) +j; + Xh;

mwp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
Xh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

17. nkype;J – nkyp+j;(e;) +j; +c

nkyp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - tpfhuk;
j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
c - tpidnar;r tpFjp

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 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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18. kype;j - kyp +j;(e;) +j; +m
kyp - gFjp
j; - re;jp
e; - tpfhuk;
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j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
m - nganur;r tpFjp
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19. <d;w - <d; + w; +m

<d; - gFjp
w; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy
m - nganur;r tpFjp

20. JQ;ry; - JQ;R+my;

JQ;R - gFjp

my; - njhopw;ngah; tpFjp

21. ngw;w – ngW (ngw;W) + m

ngW - gFjp

ngw;W - xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;jfhyk; fhl;baJ

m - nganur;r tpFjp

22. Mo;f – Mo; +f

Mo; - gFjp

F - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W tpFjp

23. jUjp – jh (jU) +j; +,

jh - gFjp

jh - jU vdj; jphpe;jJ tpfhuk;

j; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy

, - tpidnar;r tpFjp
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 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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24. g+z;Nld; - g+z; +l; +Vd;

G+z; - gFjp

l;
www.tnpsnote.com - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

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Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
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25. jOtp - jOT+,

jOT - gFjp

, - tpidnar;r tpFjp

26. nfhz;L – nfhs; (z;) +l; +c

nfhs; - gFjp

s;- z; MdJ tpfhuk;

l; - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy

c - tpidnar;r tpFjp

27. mwpNad; - mwp+a; +(M) +Vd;

mwp - gFjp

a; - clk;gLnka;re;jp

M - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy Gzh;e;J nfl;lJ

Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

28. jUf – jh(jU) +f

jh - gFjp

jU vdf; FWfpaJ tpfhuk;

f - tpaq;Nfhs; tpidKw;W

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 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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29. VFkpd; - VF+kpd;

VF - gFjp

www.tnpsnote.comkpd; - Vty; tpidKw;W tpFjp

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30. tpLj;jid - tpL+j; +j; +md; +I
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tpL - gFjp

j; - re;jp

j; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

md; - rhhpia

I - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

31. nrd;w – nry; (d;) +w; +m

nry; - gFjp

(y;> d; MdJ tpfhuk;)

w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

m - nganur;r tpFjp

32. tUfpd;w – th(tU) +fpd;W+m

th - gFjp> tU vdj; jphpe;jJ tpfhuk;
fpd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiy
m - nganur;r tpFjp
33. Kdptpyh; - Kdp+t; +,y; +mh;

Kdp - gFjp

t; - clk;gLnka;>re;jp

,y; - vjph;kiw ,ilepiy

mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

163
 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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34. fhl;ba – fhl;L+,(d;) +a; +m
fhl;L - gFjp
,(d;) - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
dfuk; Gzh;e;J nfl;lJ
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a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp
m - nganur;r tpFjp
35. neUq;fpd – neUq;F+(,)d; +m
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neUq;F- gFjp

(,)d; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

m - nganur;r tpFjp

36. cz;lhd; - cz; +l; +Md;

cz; - gFjp

l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

37. epd;whh; - epy;(d;) +w; +Mh;

epy; - gFjp (y;>d; MdJ tpfhuk;)

w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy

Mh; - gyh;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

38. nra;thd; - nra; +t; +Md;

nra; - gFjp

t; - vjph;fhy ,ilepiy

Md; - Mz;ghy; tpidKw;W tpFjp

39. Ntz;Lfpd;Nwd; - Ntz;L+fpd;W+Vd;

Ntz;L- gFjp
fpd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiy
Vd; - jd;ik>xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

164
 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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40. kUz;lndd; - kUs;(d;) +l; +md; +vd;
kUs; - gFjp ‘s;-z;” MdJ tpfhuk;
l; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
md; - rhhpia
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vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
41. ntd;Nwd; - nty;(d;) +w; +Vd;
nty; - gFjp (y;>d; vdj; jphpe;jJ tpfhuk;)
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w; - ,we;jfhy ,ilepiy
Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
42. epw;fpd;wha; - epy;(w;) +fpd;W+Ma;
epy; - gFjp (y;>w; vdj; jphpe;jJ tpfhuk;)
fpd;W - epfo;fhy ,ilepiy
Ma; - Kd;dpiy xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp
43. ngw;Nwd; - ngW (ngw;W) +Vd;
ngW - gFjp ( ngw;W vd xw;W ,ul;bj;J ,we;j fhyk; fhl;baJ)
Vd; - jd;ik xUik tpidKw;W tpFjp

44. jhz;ba – jhz;L+,(d;) +a; +m

jhz;L - gFjp

(,ld;) - ,we;j fhy ,ilepiy

a; - clk;gL nka; re;jp

m - nganur;r tpFjp

165
 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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Gzh;r;rp tpjpfs;

tpjp:-

➢ caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka; tpl;NlhLk;

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➢ cly;Nky; caph;te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng

thh;j;ijfs;:-
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www.tamilaruvi.in
1. mzpe;Jiu
2. cah;e;Njhq;Fk;
3. jz;Lil
4. ,iatjhapDk;
5. vd;wpit
6. ,Of;fpd;wp
7. cyfidj;Jk;
8. mKnjd;W
9. cOJOJ

➢ ,ay;gpDk; tpjpapDk; epd;w caph;; Kd;

➢ frjg kpFk;
1. nghJr;rpwg;G
2. jpUg;Gfo;
3. jpiug;glk;
4. kzpf;Fsk;

➢ Vid caph; typ tt;Tk;

➢ cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
1. jpUtb

➢ <WNghjy;
➢ Kd; epd;w nka; jphpjy;
1. nrq;fay;

166
 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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➢ cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
1. Gfnodpd;
2. thnahyp
3. Gakpy;iy
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4. ePNuhil
➢ , < I top at;Tk;
➢ cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
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1. Kiwawpe;J
2. Kidnad
3. Gtpahl;rp
➢ ys Ntw;Wikapy; typthpd; wlTk;
1. fw;nghb
2. fw;gpse;J
➢ jdpf;Fwpy; Kd; xw;W caph;thpd; ,ul;Lk;
➢ cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
1. kd;Daph;
2. kz;Zil
➢ <W Nghjy;
➢ ,dkpfy;
1. ngUe;jtj;jha;
2. ngUq;fyk;
3. mUk;nghUs;
4. fUq;fly;
➢ <W Nghjy;
➢ jd;ndhw;wpul;ly;
➢ caph;thpd; cf;Fws; nka;tpl;NlhLk;
➢ cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
1. rpw;W}h;
➢ kt;tPW xw;wope;J caphPW Xt;Tk;
➢ td;;ikf;F ,dkhj; jphpAk; MFk;
1. Gwe;jUjy;
2. jle;Njh;
3. fhyj;jr;rd;

167
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➢ g+g;ngah; Kd; ,dnkd;ikAk; Njhd;Wk;
1. g+q;nfhb
2. g+Q;Nrhiy
3. g+j;njhl;b
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4. g+e;njhl;b
5. g+g;ge;J
6. g+r;Nrhiy
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➢ <WNghjy;
1. rpWNfhy;
➢ <WNghjy;
➢ Mjp ePly;
➢ ,izaTk;
➢ cly;Nky; caph; te;J xd;WtJ ,ay;Ng
1. NguoF
➢ zd ty;ypdk; tu lw Tk;
1. nghw; rpyk;G

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,ay; - 1 nrhy;Yk; - nghUSk;

❖ ed;D}y; - ghapuk;
1. ghy; - tif
2. ,ay;G - gz;G
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3. khlk; - khspif
4. mik - %q;fpy;
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,ay; - 2

❖ jpUkiy KUfd; gs;S

5. tl Mhp ehL - jpUkiy
6. njd; Mhp ehL- Fw;whyk;
7. ,e;Jsk; - xU tifg; gz;
8. ,lq;fzp - rq;fpyp
9. csk; - cs;shd; vd;w gwit
10. ryrthtp - jhkiuj; jlhfk;
11. jusk; - Kj;J
12. fh - Nrhiy
13. Kfpy; njhif- Nkff; $l;lk;
14. kQ;iQ - kapy;
15. nfhz;ly; - fhh;fhy Nkfk;
16. kz;lyk; - cyfk;
17. thtpj;juq;fk;- Fsj;jpy; vOe;j miy
18. msp cyhk; - tz;L nkha;ff
; pd;w
❖ Iq;FWE}W
19. fhah> nfhd;iw> nea;jy; - kiof;fhy kyh;fs;
Ky;iy> jstk;> gpltk; ]
20. NghJ - nkhl;L
21. mah;e;J - kyh;e;J
22. ftpzp - moFw
23. vjpyp - VJkw;w
24. kWfpaJ - jd;ik khwpaJ fha;e;jJ

169
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,ay; - 3

❖ fhtbr; rpe;J
25. [fk; - cyfk;
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26. Gak; - Njhs;
27. tiu - kiy
28. td;ik - moF
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29. fOfhryk; - fOFkiy
30. j;t[];jk;gk; - nfhbkuk;
31. ryuhrp - flypy; thOk; kPd; Kjypa caph;fs;
32. tpyhrk; - moF
33. E}Guk; - rpyk;G
34. khRzk; - ghk;G
35. ,Q;rp - kjpy;
36. ck;gh; - Njth;
37. Gay; - Nkfk;
38. fwq;Fk; - RoYk;
❖ FWe;njhif
39. rpjty; - jiyg;ghif
40. jz;L - Cd;WNfhy;
❖ GwehD}W
41. jkpah; - jdpj;jth;
42. Kdpjy; - ntWj;jy;
43. JQ;ry; - Nrhk;gy;
44. mah;T - Nrhh;T
45. khl;rp - ngUik
46. Nehd;ik - typik
47. jhs; - Kaw;rp

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,ay; - 4

❖ ePyNfrp
48. kho;fp - njhl;lhy; RUq;fp
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49. kho;Fjy; - kaq;Fjy;
50. Nrjid - mwpT
51. mUk;Gjy; - gUj;jy;
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52. ,iaG ,y; - nghUj;jkw;wJ
53. Mf;fk; - capUilaJ
54. fw;wpiy - mwpatpy;iy
55. ngUe;jtj;jha;- nghpa jtKilath;
56. tha;j;Jiw - nghUj;jkhd ciu
57. thkd; - mUfd;
58. NjW - njspthf
❖ GwehD}W

59. nryT - top

60. ghpg;G - ,af;fk;
61. Jg;G - typik
62. $k;G - gha;kuk;
63. Gfhmh; - Mw;WKfk;
64. jfhmh; - jFjpapy;yhh;
65. gy;jhuj;j - gy;tifg;gl;l gz;lk;

,ay; - 5

❖ ew;wpiz
66. gpurk; - Njd;
67. Gilj;jy; - Nfhy; nfhz;L Xr;Rjy;
68. nfhOed; Fb- fztDila tPL
69. twd; - tWik
70. nfhOr;NrhW- ngUQ;nry;tk;
71. cs;shs; - epidahs;
72. kJif - ngUkpjk;

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❖ njhy;fhg;gpak;
73. ,ff;Fk; - ePfF
; k;
74. ,Of;F - Fw;wk;
75. tpdhait - Nfl;lit
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,ay; - 6
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❖ rPwhg;Guhzk;

76. tiu - kiy

77. fk;giy - Ngnuhyp
78. Gltp - cyfk;
79. va;Jjy; - ngWjy;
80. thuzk; - ahid
81. ey;fy; - mspj;jy;
82. g+uzk; - epiwT
83. tJit - jpUkzk;
84. Nfhd; - murd;
85. kWtpyh - Fw;wkpy;yhj
86. Jd;d - neUq;fpa
87. nghwpfs; - Ik;Gyd;
88. njz;biu - njs;spa ePuiy
89. tpz;L - jpwe;J
90. kz;ba - epiwe;j
91. fha;e;j - rpwe;j
92. jPd; - khh;f;fk;
❖ mfehD}W
93. nfhz;% - Nkfk;
94. rkk; - Nghh;
95. tpRk;G - thdk;
96. mutk; - Muthuk;
97. Mak; - Rw;wk;
98. jl;il >joiy - gwitfis Xl;Lk; fUtpfs;
99. Vkk; - ghJfhg;G

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100. kUe;Jior; nry;thd;- kUe;jhSeh;

,ay; - 7

www.tnpsnote.com ❖ Fw;whyf; FwtQ;rp

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101. nfhj;J - g+khiy
102. Foy; - $e;jy;
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103. ehq;$o; - kz;GO
104. Nfhyj;J ehl;lhh; - fypq;f ehl;lhh;
105. thpir - rd;khdk;
❖ jpUr;rhoy;
106. fhapy; - ntFz;lhy;
107. me;jk; - KbT
108. mad; - gpukd;
109. khy; - tp\;Z
110. Myhyk; - eQ;R

,ay; - 8

❖ Gul;rpf; ftp
111. XJf - nrhy;f
112. Kof;fk; - Xq;fp ciuj;jy;
113. fdpfs; - cNyhfq;fs;
114. kzp - khzpf;fk;
115. gbfk; - gsgsg;ghdf; fy;
116. kPl;rp - tpLjiy
117. eit - Fw;wk;
118. gb - cyfk;
❖ gjpw;Wg;gj;J
119. gjp - ehL
120. gpiog;G - tho;jy;
121. epiuak; - ehfk;
122. xhP,a - Neha; ePq;fpa
123. GiuNahh; - rhd;Nwhh;

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124. ahzh; - GJ tUtha;
125. kUz;nldd; - tpag;gile;Njd;
126. kd;Daph; - epiyg;ngw;Ws;s caph;j; njhFjp
127. jz;lh - Xahj
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128. fLe;Jg;G - kpF typik
129. Vkk; - ghJfhg;G
130. xbah - Fiwah
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131. eae;J - tpUk;gpa

,ay; - 9

❖ tpy;ypghujk;
132. juq;fk; - fly;
133. ftdk; - Ntfk;
134. Jufjk; - Fjpiu
135. ntd;wp - ntw;wp
136. tprad; - mUr;Rzd;
137. ehd;kiw - ehd;F Ntjq;fs;
138. ahf;if - cly;
139. XT,yhJ - xd;Wk; kpr;rkpd;wp
140. mad; - gpukd;
141. vopypVW - Nghpb
142. mq;if - cs;sq;if
143. mTzd; - muf;fd; (khtyp rf;futh;j;jp)
144. ky;yy; - tsik
145. njhilay; - khiy
146. #ud;khkjiy - fjputd;kfd;
147. cw;gtk; - gpwtp

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,ay; - 10

❖ kNdhd;kzPak;

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148. fbefh; - fhty; cila efuk;
149. fhz;b - fhz;f
150. g+k;guhfk; - g+tpy; cs;s kfue;jk;
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151. MR ,yh - Fw;wk; ,yhj
152. Njhl;b - Jwl;b
153. mak; - ML> Fjpiu
154. Gf;ftpl;L - Nghftpl;L
155. rPhpaJ}sp - Ez;zpa kzy;
156. rpWfhy; - tha;f;fhy;
157. guy; - fy;
158. Ke;ePh; kL - flyhfpa ePh; epiy
159. mz;lNahdp - QhapW
160. rhL - gha;
161. <l;baJ - Nrfhpj;jJ
162. vopyp - Nkfk;
163. ehq;$o;g;GO - kz;GO
164. ghL - ciog;G
165. Xth - Xahj
166. Ntjpj;J - khw;wp

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jkpohf;fk; jUf

,ay;-1

1. The pen is mightier than the sword.

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tpil: Ngdh Kid fj;jpia tpl typikahdJ.
2. Winners don’t do different things, they do things differently.
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tpil: ntw;wpahsh;fs; tpj;jpahrkhd nray;fisr; nra;ahky;> tpraq;fis
tpj;jpahrkhf nra;a Kaw;rr ; pg;ghh;fs;.
3. A picture is worth a thousand words.
tpil: xU glk; Mapuk; nrhw;fSf;Fr; rkk;.
4. Work while you work and play while you play.
tpil: Ntiy nra;Ak; NghJ ePq;fs; Ntiy nra;Aq;fs;> tpisahLk; NghJ
tpisahlyhk;.
5. Knowledge rules the world.
tpil: mwpT cyfj;ij MSfpwJ.

,ay;-2

6. Just living is not enough, one must have sunshine, freedom and a little flower -
Hans anderson.
tpil: tho;f;if kl;Lk; NghjhJ. xU #upa xsp> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; xU rpwpa
kyu; Ntz;Lk; -`d;]; Mz;lu;rd;.
7. In nature , light creates the colour , In the picture , colour creates the light -
Hans Hofmann.
tpil: ,aw;;ifapy;> xsp epwj;ij cUthf;FfpwJ. glj;jpy;> epwk; xspia
cUthf;FfpwJ - `hd;]; N`h/g;khd;.
8. Look deep into nature and then you will understand everything better – Albert
Einstein.
tpil: ,aw;ifia Mokhfg; ghUq;fs;> gpd;dh; ePq;fs; vy;yhtw;iwAk;
ed;whfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;thP ;fs; - My;gh;l; [d;];Bd;.
9. Simplicity is nature’s first step, and the last of art – Philip James Bailey.
tpil: ,aw;ifapd; Kjy;gb> vspik ,Wjpfhy MFk;> kw;Wk; fiy filrp–
gpypg; N[k;]; nga;yp.
10. Roads were made for journeys not destinations – Confyciys.
tpil: gazq;fs; nry;Yk; ,lq;fSf;Fr; rhiyfs; Nghlg;gLtJ ,yf;fy;y–
fd;/g+rpa];.

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,ay;-3

11. Education is the most powerful weapon; which you can use to change the world.
tpil: fy;tp cyfpd; kpf rf;jp tha;e;j Majk;.
12. Looking at beauty in the world is the first step of purifying the mind.
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tpil: cyf moifg; ghh;g;gjw;F kdj;Jha;ikNa Kjy; gb.
13. Culture does not make people, people make culture.
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tpil: fyhr;rhuk; kf;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;iy> kf;fs; fyhr;rhuj;ij
cUthf;Ffpwhh;fs;.
14. A people without the knowledge of their past history and culture is like a tree without
roots.
tpil: fle;j fhy tuyhW kw;Wk; fyhr;rhuk; gw;wpa mwpT ,y;yhky;
,Ug;Nghh; Nth;fs; ,y;yhj kuk; Nghd;wth;fs;.

15. A nation’s culture resides in the hearts and in the soul of its people.
tpil: xU ehl;bd; fyhr;rhuk; kf;fs; ,jaq;fspYk; mjd; Mj;khtpYk;
tho;fpwJ.

,ay;-4

The zero!!! One of the greatest creations of Indian genius. The discovery of zero is
probably one of the few areas where India is accorded its rightful starting in the
development of mathematics. This is not known certain the who discovered zero and
when. The importance of zero is manifested by their wide spread use in today’s world.
The discovery is certainly one that has helped science to reach its current status.

[PNuh!!! ,e;jpa Nkij ngUk; gilg;Gfspy; xd;W. [PNuhitf;

fz;Lgpbg;gJ ,e;jpahtpd; fzpj tsh;r;rpapy; mjd; rhpahd epiyia epiy
ehl;ba rpy ,lq;fspy; xd;whFk;. g+[;ak; vg;NghJ fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;lJ vd;W
rpyUf;F ,J njhpatpy;iy. [PNuhtpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,d;iwa cyfpy;
gutyhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjd; %yk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fz;Lgpbg;G
epr;rakhf mjd; jw;Nghija epiyf;F tpQ;Qhdj;ij mila cjtpaJ.

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,ay;-5

1. Religion - kjk; fy;Yhhp - College

2. Philosophy - jj;Jtk; cah;ePjpkd;wk; - High court
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3. Idols - rpiyfs; tuyhW - History
4. Medicine - kUj;Jtk; gzp - Work/Job
5. Science - mwptpay;
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,ay;-6

The folk songs of Tamilnadu have in them a remarkable charm just as we find in the
folk songs of any other country. But what is special in these Tamil songs is, they not only
possess a native charm and the aroma of the soil but have preserved in them a certain literary
and artistic quality. This is so because the people who speak the language of these folk songs.
The Tamils, have had a great historical past and a wonderful literary tradition. Folk songs are
so old and yet so full of life that they are always new and progressively modern. These songs
were born several centuries ago; they are being born every generation; they will be born and
reborn and over again.

tpil: NtW ve;j ehl;L ehl;Lg;Gw ghly;fspy; ,y;yhj moF jkpo; ehl;bd; ehl;Lg;Gw
ghly;fspy; fhZk; NghJ mth;fSf;F kpFe;j fth;rr ; paspf;fpwJ. Mdhy; ,e;j jkpo;g;
ghly;fspy; rpwg;G vd;dntd;why;> mit ,aw;ifahd moF kw;Wk; kz;zpd;
third kl;Lky;y> mit xU ,yf;fpa kw;Wk; fiyj; juj;ij ghJfhj;J
itj;jpUf;fpd;wd. Vnddpy; mth;fs; NgRk; nkhop xU nghpa tuyhw;Wf; fle;jfhyk;
kw;Wk; xU mw;Gjkhd ,yf;fpa kuG top ehl;Lg;Gw ,ir kpfTk; goikahd kw;Wk;
,d;Dk; KOikahd tho;f;if ,e;jg; ghly;fs; gy Ehw;whz;LfSf;F Kd;dh;
gpwe;jd. mth;fs; xt;nthU jiy KiwapdUf;Fk; gpwe;J tUfpwhh;fs;. mth;fs;
gpwe;J> kWgbAk; gpwf;fpwhh;fs;. GJikahd etPd Kiwiag; ngw;Ws;sJ.

,ay;-7

The oldest documented forms of art are visual arts, which include creation of images or
objects infields including today painting, sculpture, printmaking, photography, and other
visual media. Music, theatre, film, dance and other performing arts, as well as literature and
other media such as interactive media, are included in a broader definition of art or the arts.
Until the 17th century, art referred to any skill or mastery and was not differentiated from

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crafts or sciences. Art has had a great number of different functions throughout its history,
making its purpose difficult to abstract or quantity to any single concept. This does not imply
that the purpose of art is “Vague”, but that it has had many unique, different reasons for being
created.
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tpil: goikahd Mtzg;gLj;jg;gl;l fiy tbtq;fs; fhl;rp rpiyfshf
,Uf;fpd;wd. mit ,d;iwa Xtpak;> rpw;gk;> mr;rpLjy;> Gifg;glk; vLj;jy; kw;Wk;
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gpwfhl;rp Clfq;fs; cl;gl Jiwfspy; cs;s cUtq;fs; my;yJ nghUl;fspd;
cUthf;fk; Mfpait MFk;. ,ir> ehlfk;> jpiug;glk;> eldk; kw;Wk; gpw fiyfs;>
mNj Nghy; ,yf;fpak; kw;Wk; ClhLk; Clfk; Nghd;w gpw Clfq;fs; fiy my;yJ
fiyfspd; gue;j tiuaiwapy; Nrh;f;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 17Mk; Ehw;whz;L tiu> fiy
d;gJ iftpid my;yJ mwptpay; Mfpatw;wpypUe;J NtWgl;lJ my;y. fiy mjd;
tuyhW KOtJk; gy;NtW gzpfisf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. mjd; Nehf;fk; ve;jnthU
fUj;JfSf;Fk; my;yJ mstpLtjw;F fbdkhdjhf cs;sJ. ,J fiy
Nehf;fj;jpd; Nehf;fk; “njsptw;wJ” vd;W mh;j;jky;y. Mdhy; mJ jdpj;Jtkhd>
gy;NtW fhuzq;fis cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

,ay;-8

Balu: Hi, Good evening.

Velu: Hi Balu, Good evening.

Balu: Yesterday you were watching the Republic day function the whole day.

Velu: Yes, I was touched by one award ceremony

Balu: Which award?

Velu: Param Vir Chakra award, highest award for army personnel.

Balu: Why were you touched?

Velu: Most of the awards were received by the wives of soldiers posthumously.

Balu: Why? What do you mean by posthumously?

Velu: It means “after death” many soldiers had laid down their lives protecting the border of
our motherland. They have sacrificed their lives to save our country. So that we can be free
and safe.

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tpil:

ghY: khiy tzf;fk;.

NtY: ghY khiy tzf;fk;.

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ghY: New;W ePq;fs; FbauR jpdtpoh KOtijAk; ghh;j;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jPhf
; s;.

NtY: Mkhk;> tpUJ toq;Fk; epfo;T vd;idf; fth;e;jJ.

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ghY: ve;j tpUJ?

NtY: guk; tPh; rf;uhtpUJ. ,uhZtg; gzpahsh;fSf;fhd kpf cah;e;j tpUJ.

ghY: vt;thW cd;idf; fth;e;jJ?

NtY: gy tpUJfis ,we;j tPuu;fspd; kidtpfs; ngw;Wf; nfhz;ldh;.

ghY: Vd;? ePq;fs; ,we;j gpwF vd;d nrhy;fpwPh;fs;?

NtY: mJ “,we;jgpwF” vd;W nghUs;. mNef rpg;gha;fs; jq;fs; jha;ehl;bd;

vy;iyfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf jq;fs; capiuf; nfhLj;jhh;fs;. ekJ ehl;ilf;
fhg;ghw;w mth;fs; jq;fs; capiuj; jpahfk; nra;Js;sdh;. mjdhy;jhd; ehk;
Rje;jpukhfTk; ghJfhg;ghfTk; ,Uf;f KbfpwJ.

,ay;-9

1. Successful people have two things on their lips. Silence and smile. Smile to solve the
problem and silence to avoid problem.
ntw;wpfukhd kf;fs; jq;fs; cjLfspy; ,uz;L tp\aq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sdh;.
Mikjp kw;Wk; rphpg;G. Gd;KWty; gpur;ridfisj; jPh;f;Fk;> mikjp
gpur;ridNa tuhky; nra;JtpLk;.
2. Never try to test good people, because good people are like mercury, when you hit
them they will not break but they just slip away from your life silently.
ey;y kdpjh;fis vg;NghJk; Nrhjpf;ff; $lhJ. Vnddpy; mth;fs; ghjurk;
Nghd;wth;fs;> Nrhjidfshy; mth;fs; cile;J tplkhl;lhh;fs;. Khwhf
cq;fs; tho;T cq;fis tpl;Lg;Nghf mikjpahf ,Ug;gh;.
3. Men must be decided on what they will not do and then they are able to act with vigor
in what they ought to do.
Mz;fs; nra;a Ntz;baJ vd;d vd;gij KbT nra;a Ntz;Lk;. gpd;dh;
mth;fs; vd;d nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W jPtpukhf nray; gl Ntz;Lk;.

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4. The happiness of your life depends upon the quality of your thoughts.
cq;fs; tho;f;ifapd; kfpo;rr
; p vd;gJ cq;fs; vz;zq;fspd; juj;ijr;
rhh;e;jJ.
5. We all have two lives. The second on starts when we realize we have one.
ehk; midtUk; ,uz;L caph;fs;. ehk; xd;W vd;W czUk; NghJ
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,uz;lhtJ njhlq;FfpwJ.

,ay;-10
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1. An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind.
cyfk; KOtJk; fz;%bj;jdkhf xU fz; kl;Lk; fz;Zf;F KbfpwJ.
2. You must be the change you wish to see in the world.
cyfpy; ghh;f;f tpUk;Gk; khw;wkhf ePq;fs; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;.
3. The weak can never forgive; Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.
gytPdkhdJ xU NghJk; kd;dpf;f KbahjJ. kd;dpg;G vd;gJ tYthd gz;G.
4. Nobody can hurt me without my permission.
vd; mDkjpapd;wp ahUk; vd;idf; fhag;gLj;j KbahJ.
5. You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean. If a few drops of the
ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.
ePq;fs; kdpjj; jd;ikapy; ek;gpf;if ,of;ff;$lhJ. kdpjh; xU fly; flypy;
rpy Jspfs; mOf;F vd;why;> fly; mOf;F ,y;iy.

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fiyr; nrhy; mwpNthk;

1. mofpay; - Aesthetic
2. ,johsh; - Journalist
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3. fiy tpkh;rfh; - Art Critic
4. Gj;jf kjpg;Giu - Book Review
5. Gyk;ngah;jy; - Migration
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6. jj;JtQhdp - Philosopher

,ay; - 3
1. ,df;FO - Ethnic Group
2. Gtpr;#oy; - Earth Environment
3. Nth;r;nrhy; mfuhjp - Rootword Dictionary
4. Kd;ndhl;L - Prefix
5. gpd;ndhl;L - Suffix
6. gz;ghl;Lf; $Wfs; - Cultural Elements

,ay; - 4
1. flj;jp - Transmitter
2. fizak; - Pancreas
3. fizar; Rug;G ePh; - Insulin
4. gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUs; - Application Software
5. tpida+f;fp - Catalyst
6. KJFj;jz;L - Spinal Cord
7. kugZ - Gene
8. ehskpy;yhj Rug;gp - Endocrine gland
9. cstpay; nkhopapayhsh; - Lingustic Psychologist

,ay; - 5
1. fy;tpf;FO - Education Committee
2. cs;fl;likg;G - Infrastructure
3. nrk;nkhop - classical language

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4. %jhijah; - Ancestor
5. kjpg;Gf;fy;tp - Value Education
6. kdMw;wy; - Mental abilities

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,ay; - 6
1. Mtzk; - Document
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2. cg;gq;fop - Backwater
3. xg;ge;jk; - Agreement
4. gilnaLg;G - Invasion
5. gz;ghL - Culture
6. khYkp - Sailor

,ay; - 7
1. Personality - MSik
2. Emotion - czh;r;rp
3. Plastic - nefpop
4. Escalator - gpd;gbf;fl;L/efUk; gbf;fl;L
5. Apartment - mLf;Fkhb
6. Straw - itf;Nfhy;
7. Mass Drill - nghpa mstpyhd clw;gapw;rp
8. Horticulture - Njhl;lf; fiy
9. Average - ruhrhp
10. Fine arts - Ez;fiyfs;
11. Documentary - Mtzg;glk;
12. Inscription/ Epigraph - fy;ntl;L
13. Grain Ware house - jhdpaf;fplq;F
14. Disaster - NguopT
15. Myth - njhd;kk;

,ay; - 8
1. cj;jpfs; - Strategies
2. gl;bkd;wk; - Debate

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3. rkj;Jtk; - Equality
4. gd;Kf MSik - Multiple Personality
5. njhopw;rq;fk; - Trade Union
6. Gidngah;
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,ay; - 9
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1. Md;kh - Soul
2. mwpT - Wisdom
3. rpj;j kUj;Jtk; - Siddha Medicine
4. khia - Illusion
5. Jd;gk; - Tragedy
6. khz;G - Honour
7. epWj;jf;Fwpfs; - Punctuation Marks

,ay; - 10
1. ehq;fo;g;GO - Earthworm
2. tpopg;Gzh;T - Awareness
3. cyfkakhf;fy; - Globalisation
4. flTr;rPl;L - Passport
5. Kidth;gl;lk; - Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D)
6. nghUs; Kjy; tbtk; - Materialism

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,ay; - 1

gpwnkhopr; nrhw;fisj; jkpo;gLj;Jf -

1. thlif
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2. khjk; - jpq;fs;
3. NghyP]; - fhtyh;
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4. epr;rak; - cWjp
5. cj;jputhjk; - nghWg;G> gpiz
6. re;Njh\k; - kfpo;rr
; p
7. rk;gsk; - Cjpak;
8. Qhgfk; - epidT
9. tUlk; - Mz;L
10. Njrk; - ehL
11. tpj;jpahrk; - NtWghL
12. cw;rhfk; - kd vOr;rp> Cf;fk;
13. tprh - EiotpirT> Eiothiz
14. gh];Nghh;l; - flTr;rPl;L
15. fk;ngdp - FOkk;
16. gj;jphpif - nra;jpj;jhs;
17. Nfhhpf;if - Ntz;LNfhs;
18. Afk; - fhyj;ij msf;Fk; myFfspy; xd;W
19. uhr;rpak; - Ml;rp
20. rhpj;jpuk; - tuyhW
21. Kf;fpaj;Jtk; - ,d;wpaikahik
22. nrhe;jk; - chpaJ(jdf;FhpaJ)
23. rkPgk; - mz;ik
24. jUzk; - jf;f rkak;

,ay; - 2

1. rq;fPjk; - ,ir
2. tpj;jpah - mwpT
3. kfh[dk; - mjpfhuk; ngw;wth;
4. rhfuk; - fly;

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,ay; - 10

1. Mgp]; - mYtyfk;
2. Nghd; - njhiyNgrp
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3. Nghl;Nlh - epow;glk;
4. ek;gh; - vz;
5. nld;\d; - gjw;wk;
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6. ];ng\y;gh;kprd; - rpwg;G mDkjp
7. ]hhp - kd;dpg;G
8. `hg;gpgh;j;Nl - ,dpa gpwe;jehs; tho;j;Jfs;
9. <t;dpq; - khiy
10. jhq;f;]; - ed;wp
11. XNf - rhp

,ay; - 1

Nth;r;nrhw;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;by; cs;s njhlh;fshf khw;Wf:-

(v.fh)

1. th – (Nth;r;nrhy;)

2. mUzh tPl;Lf;F te;jhs; (tpidKw;W)

3. mq;F te;j NgUe;jpy; midtUk; Vwpdh; (nganur;rk;)

4. fUzhfud; Nkilapy; te;J epd;whh; (tpidnar;rk;)

5. vd;idg; ghh;f;f te;jth; vd; je;ijapd; ez;gh; (tpidahyizAk;

ngah;)

m) th M)NgR ,)jh <)XL c) ghL

tpilfs;:- M) NgR- Nth;r;nrhy;

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fz;zd; ed;whfg; Ngrpdhd; (tpidKw;W)

Nkilapy; Ngrpa fz;zid midtUk; ghuhl;bdh; (nganur;rk;)

Foe;ij epidj;jtw;iwnay;yhk; Ngrp Kbj;jJ (tpidnar;rk;)

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thndhypapy; Ngrpath; ahh; vd;W mz;zd; jk;gpaplk; Nfl;ghd;
(tpidahyizAk; ngah;)
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,) jh – Nth;r;nrhy;

Nty;tpop fay;tpopf;F Gj;jfk; je;jhs; (tpidKw;W)

Nty;tpop je;j Gj;jfk; fay;tpopf;Fg; gpbj;jpUe;jJ (nganur;rk;)

jiyikahrphpah; rhd;wpjo;fisj; je;J Kbj;jhh; (tpidnar;rk;)

jhdkhfg; nghUl;fisj; je;jth; kfpo;e;jhh; (tpidahyizAk; ngah;)

<) XL – Nth;r;nrhy;

khzth;fs; Ntfkhf Xbdh; (tpidKw;W)

Ntfkhf Xba khztd; ntw;wp ngw;whd; (nganur;rk;)

Fkud; Ntfkhf Xb tpOe;jhd; (tpidnar;rk;)

nky;ykhf Xbath; Njhw;whh; (tpidahyizAk; ngah;)

c) ghL – Nth;r;nrhy;

fPjh ghl;Lg; ghbdhs;; (tpidKw;W)

ghl;Lg; ghba fPjh eldKk; Mbdhs; (nganur;rk;)

fPjh ghl;Lg; ghb Kbj;jhs; (tpidnar;rk;)

tFg;gpy; ghbats; midtuhYk; ghuhl;lg; gl;lhs; (tpidahyizAk;

ngah;).

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,ay; - 2
kaq;nfhypr; nrhw;fis xNu njhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf
1. ciy> cis> cio – kd cisr;ry; jPuTk;> tPl;by; ciy nfhjpf;fTk;>
ciof;f Ntz;Lk;
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2. typ – Neha;> tsp – fhw;W> top – ghij
tsp Ntfkhf tPrpajpy; kpd;rhuk; Jz;bf;fg;gl;L Kfpyd; top njhpahky;
miye;jjdhy; mtDf;F fhy; typj;jJ
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3. fiy – rhj;jpuk;> fis – KftoF> fio - %q;fpy;
fio Nky; elf;Fk; fiyapy; rpwe;j ngz;zpd; Kfk; fisahf ,Ue;jJ
4. fid – Fuy;xyp> fiz – mk;G
Nghh;f;fsj;jpy; fizahy; mbg;gl;l Fjpiu fidj;jJ
5. Fiu – xyp> Fiw – rpwpJ> RUq;Fjy;
vq;fs; tPl;bw;fUfpy; ,g;Nghnjy;yhk; eha;fs; Fiuf;Fk; Xir Fiwe;Jtpl;lJ
6. nghhp – ney; nghhp> nghwp - ,ae;jpuk;
fz;zd; nghhpiaj; jpd;W nfhz;Nl nghwpapy; ,Ue;j gOijr; rhp ghh;j;jhd;

,ay; - 3
ty;ypd nka;fis ,l;Lk; ePf;fpAk; vOJf
1. Fkuid gw;wp njhpe;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? vd; tPl;bw;F tUifj; jhUq;fs;.
vd; tPl;bw;F gf;fj;J tPLjhd; FkudJ tPL.
tpil:-
Fkuidg; gw;wpj; njhpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lkh? vd; tPl;bw;F tUif jhUq;fs;.
vd; tPl;bw;Fg; gf;fj;J tPLjhd; FkudJ tPL.
2. midj;J JiwfspYk; Mz;fis NghyNtg; ngz;fSk; muRg; gzpiag; ngw
Ntz;Lk;.
tpil:-
midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; Mz;fisg; NghyNt ngz;fSk; muRg; gzpiag;
ngw Ntz;Lk;.
3. fy;tpf; Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;jth; ed;ikj; jPikfis Ghpe;J NgRth;

tpil:-

fy;tpf; Nfs;tpfspy; rpwe;jth; ed;ik jPikfisg; Ghpe;J NgRth;.

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4. jkpoh; Mw;W jz;zPiu Njf;fp Nrkpj;J fhy;tha; ntl;bg; ghrdk; nra;jdh;
tpil:-
jkpoh; Mw;Wj; jz;zPiuj; Njf;fp Nrkpj;Jf; fhy;tha; ntl;bg; ghrdk;
nra;jdh;.
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5. rhd;Nwhh; kpFe;jg; nghWg;Gld; rpwg;ghd Nritg; Ghpe;J nfhs;ifia epiy
ehl;l nra;jdh;.
tpil:-
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rhd;Nwhh; kpFe;jg; nghWg;Gld; rpwg;ghd Nrit Ghpe;J nfhs;ifia
epiyehl;lr; nra;jdh;>

,ay; - 5
6. gs;sp $lq;fspy; gapYk; khzth;fs;> jha;nkhop topahfNt midj;J Jiw
fy;tpiaAk; ngWjNy Kiwahd njd;Wk;> mj;jifaf; fy;tpNag;
gadspf;Fnkd;Wk; Nghg; fUjpdhh;.
tpil:-
gs;spf; $lq;fspy; gapYk; khzth;fs;> jha;nkhop topahfNt midj;Jj;
Jiw fy;tpiaAk; ngWjNy Kiwahd njd;Wk;> mj;jifa fy;tpNa
gadspf;Fnkd;Wk; Nghg; fUjpdhh;.

,ay; - 5
nrhy;iyg; gphpj;Jk; Nrh;j;Jk; njhluikf;f
1. gpz;zhf;F – vs;> Nth;f;fliy Nghd;wtw;;wpypUe;J vz;nza; vLf;Fk;
NghJ fpilf;Fk; nghUs; gpz;zhf;F
gps;ehf;F – ghk;gpw;F gps; ehf;F cz;L
2. vl;Ltiu – mk;kh Foe;jijaplk; xd;wpypUe;J vl;L tiu $W vd;W
$wpdhh;
vs;Jtiu – vs;Sk; JtiuAk; taypy; epiwe;Js;sJ
3. mwptpy;yhjtd; - Njth mwptpy;yhjtd; vd;W mtDila mk;kh $wpdhh;
mwptpy; Mjtd; - Njth mwptpy; Mjtidg; Nghd;wtd; vd;W mtDila
ez;gd; $wpdhd;

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4. jq;if – mf;fhSk;> jq;ifAk; vg;NghJk; xw;Wikahf ,Ug;gh;
jk; if – jk; ifahy; gpwUf;F cjtp kl;LNk nra;a Ntz;Lk; vd;W
vz;Zgth; vd; mg;gh
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5. itif – itifahw;wpy; nts;sk; ngUFfpwJ
it if – kz;zpy; if itf;fhNj vd;W Foe;ijia vr;rhpj;jhh; mk;kh
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6. eQ;rpUf;Fk; - Jzp ePzl
; ehl;fs; gad;gLj;jpajhy; mJ eQ;rp tpl;lJ
eQ;R ,Uf;Fk; - ghk;gpd; gy;ypy; eQ;R ,Uf;Fk;

,ay; - 7
tpLgl;l ,lj;jpy; mLj;J tuNtz;ba nrhw;fs;
1. jdpnkhop – mwpT> njhlh;nkhop tz;ikapy;> nghJnkhop – gyif
2. fhh;fhyk; - Mtzp> Gul;lhrp> Fsph;fhyk; - Ig;grp> fhh;j;jpif
Kd;gdp – khh;fop> ij
3. vOj;J> nrhy;> nghUs;> ahg;G mzp
4. vOj;J>mir> rPh>; jis> mb> njhil
5. Nrud; - tpy;> Nrhod; - Gyp> ghz;bad; - kPd;

,ay; - 8

kuGr; nrhw;fis njhlhpy; mikj;J vOJf

1. nrhe;jf; fhypy; epw;wy;:

KUfd; ngl;bf;fil itj;J jd; nrhe;jf; fhypy; epd;whd;
2. jhsk; NghLjy;:
Kjyhsp vijr; nrhd;dhYk; mjw;Fj; jhsk; Nghl;lhy; jhd; Ntiyf;fhud;
gpiof;f KbAk;
3. kjpy; Nky; g+id:
jd; mk;khtpw;Fk; kidtpf;Fk; ,ilapy; elf;Fk; rz;ilapy; Kusp kjpy; Nky;
g+id Nghy; ,Ue;jhd;

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4. epiwFlk;:
gl;lk; thq;fpaj; jpyfk; epiwFlk; Nghy; mikjpahfj; jd; ngw;Nwhiu
tzq;fpdhs;
5. if J}f;fp tpLjy;:
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jhd; njhlq;fpa njhopypy; njha;T Vw;gl;l NghJ ez;gh;fs; if J}f;fp
tpl;ldh;
6. fz;zhapUj;jy;:
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tpisahl;bNy fz;zha; ,Uf;fhNj> gb vd;W mk;kh jpl;bdhh;fs;
7. mtruf; FLf;if:
Mrphpah; Nfl;Fk; Nfs;tpiag; Ghpe;J nfhs;shky; rpyh; mtruf; FLf;ifg;
Nghy; jtwhd gjpy; $wpdh;
8. Kjiyf; fz;zPh;:
Mrphpahplk;> jtW nra;j khztd;> jhd; jtW nra;atpy;iy vd Kjiyf;
fz;zPh; tbj;jhd;
9. fhdy; ePh;:

Kaw;rp nra;ahjtd; tho;fi

; fapy; ntw;wp vd;gJ fhdy;ePh; Nghyj;jhd;

,ay; - 1

Ngr;R tof;if vOj;J tof;fhf khw;Wf

1. fhyq;fhj;jhy ve;jphpr;rp gbr;rh xU njspT nfilf;Fk;

tpil:- fhiyapy; vOe;J gbj;jhy; xU njspT fpilf;Fk;
2. Kaw;rp nrQ;rh mJf;Nfj;j gyd; tuhk NghthJ
Tpil:- Kaw;rp nra;jhy; mjw;Nfw;w gyd; tuhky; NghfhJ
3. fhyj;Jf;Nfw;whh; khwp GJR GJrh nkhop tbtj;j khj;jDk;
tpil:- fhyj;jpw;Nfw;w Nghy; GjpJ Gjpjhf nkhop tbtj;ij khw;w Ntz;Lk;
4. xt;nthUj;jUk; Ngrpf;fpl;bUf;Fk; NghJ vy;yhj;ijAk; ftdkh gjpa
itf;fDk;
tpil:- xt;nthUtUk; Ngrpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; NghJ vy;yhtw;iwAk; ftdkhfg;
gjpa itf;f Ntz;Lk;
5. Njh;ntOj Ntfkhfg; Nghq;f> Neuq;fopr;rp Nghdh gjl;lkhapLk;
tpil:- Njh;ntOj Ntfkhfg; Nghq;f> Neuk; fopj;J Nghdhy; gjw;wkhFk;

191
 kh.uNk\;> m.Nk.ep. gs;sp> nrd;dk;gl;b.

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,ay; - 10

FWf;nfOj;Jg; Gjph;

,lkpUe;J tyk;
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1. kf;fSf;F eyk; nra;Ak; tho;tpay; newpfisf; $Wk; Jiw –
nghUz;nkhopf;fhQ;rp
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2. Njd; - kw;nwhU nrhy; - gpuhrk;
3. Gy;ypd; ,jo;fs; E}yhrphpah; - tpl;
4. fw;w tpj;ijfis muq;Nfw;Wk; ,lk; - kd;wk;
5. rp.R.nry;yg;gh elj;jpa ,jo; - vOj;J
6. [p.A.Nghg; Mq;fpyj;jpy; nkhopngah;j;j gf;jp ,yf;fpak; - jpUthrfk;
tykpUe;J ,lk;:-
7. ahid – NtnwhU nrhy; - mQ;rdk;
8. te;jthrpf;F mUfpy; rkzg;gs;sp ,Ue;j Ch; - Ntly;
9. ckWg;Gytiu Mjhpj;jth; - rPjf;fhjp
10. ftpQh; kPuh elj;jpa gjpg;gfk; - md;dk;
NkypUe;J fPo;:-
11. GJikg;gpj;jdpd; Gfo; ngw;w rpWfij – fhQ;rid
12. ghujp elj;j tpUk;gpa fUJg;gl ,jo; - rpj;jpuhtsp
13. ,isauh[h cUthf;fpa ,uhfk; - gQ;rKfp
14. ew;wpiz 153 MtJ ghliy ,aw;wpath; - jdpkfdhh;
15. mZitg; Nghy rpWj;J epw;Fk; Mw;wy; - mzpkh
16. ,e;jr; nrhy;ypd; jphpNg rPwh – rPwj;
17. kfhghujj;jpy; nfhil tPud; - fh;zd; (fd;dd;)
18. ghujpjhrd; elj;jpa ,jo; - Fapy;
fPoUe;J Nky;:-
19. jtW – NtnwhU nrhy; - gpio
20. jUK rptuhk; vd;Dk; GidngahpYk; vOjpath; - gpukps;
21. %q;fpy; kw;nwhU ngah; - Nta;
22. khzpf;fthrfh; gpwe;j Ch; - jpUthjt+h;
23. Iq;FWE}W ghLk; kyh;fspy; xd;W – fhah
24. kiy vd;Dk; nrhy;yhk; - tiu
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ஆசிரியர்கள் மற்றும் மாணவர்களுக்கு தேவவயான
வகதயடுகள், கல்வி செய்திகள், அரொவணகள் த ாட்டித்
தேர்வுகளுக்கு தேவவயான நடப்பு செய்திகள், ெமச்சீர் புத்ேகங்கள்,
ச ாது அறிவு புத்ேகங்கள் த ான்றவற்வற தமற்கண்ட
இவணயேளங்களில் இருந்து திவிறக்கம் செய்து சகாள்ளலாம்.

“Dream is not that which

you see while sleeping.
It is something that
does not let you sleep.”

- APJ Abdul Kalam