ASSESSING THE SOLID WASTE SEGREGATION IN SELECTED

PUROKS OF BARANGAY 109-A V&G SUBDIVISION,

TACLOBAN CITY

A Research Proposal

Presented to

The Faculty of Natural Science Department

Eastern Visayas State University

Tacloban City

In Partial Fulfillment

of the Requirements for the Degree

BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

FERNANDEZ, PRINCE ALESON B.

BSES 3B

2024
 CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

This chapter contains background of the study, the literature review,

the theoretical framework, statement of the problem, the significance of the

study, the scope and delimitation.

Background of the Study

Waste management is an area that can be used to develop a more

efficient economy and also cover the challenges posed by pollution. Some

manufacturing companies produce products that always involve the use of

items like Rare Earth Elements (REEs) or polyethylene terephthalate (PET),

which rarely affect the environment. Proper measures and control of waste

are considered vital (Zhou et al., 2021).

In this case, several researches have shown that proper

management of wastes can act as an economic opportunity. It is not just

revenue enhancement but also job creation, and lowered negative impacts

on the environment due to poorly managed waste outputs (Razzaq et al. ,

2021).

Having realized that a high number of countries is failing to embrace

recycling especially in managing municipal solid waste, which in turn poses

adverse effects on the environment and human health, this study seeks to

transform the perception towards recycling of municipal solid waste. The

goal is to transform the act of recycling from being an unattractive social

activity that is often overlooked to being one that is embraced by the society
given the economic returns and chances that exist in creating a new

environment and a strong economy. Moreover, the significance of the study

is in determining various effects that arise from waste management in the

growth of the various countries’ economies. To create more such

economically rational decisions in the future, it is important to understand

the impact of recycling policies (Chen & Liu, 2014).

In addition, waste segregation is a key component of the waste

management process as it allows for the proper implementation of the

Reuse, Recycling, and Recovery, activities. Unfortunately, this practice has

not received much attention and is mostly done without any structured

enforcement found in most developing countries (DC) (Kihila et al. , 2021)

However, it lacks awareness, has inadequate regulation systems,

provides no financial motivation, and is irrelevant when addressing the

process preparation. Despite the few demerits associated with waste

segregation, the following are the merits that come with waste recycling

Waste recycling is environmentally friendly. Discriminates the susceptible

that degrade naturally from the non-susceptible that do not degrade

naturally.

IGTYPE ADI

According to Kihila et al. (2021), it enhances our environmental

perception, rendering it appear more verdant and pristine. The substantial

volume of plastic garbage is a challenge for the modern world in terms of

resource minimization and reuse. The substantial volume of plastic garbage

mostly stems from insufficient infrastructure for recycling and recovery, a

deficiency in technical expertise for managing hazardous waste, and,

crucially, a lack of awareness regarding rules and regulations. The

magnitude of plastic pollution adversely affects both ecology and the

ecosystem at large. Kibria et al. (2023).

TUTOB DD

Solid waste management has emerged as a significant challenge in

the realm of environmental issues (Mazzanti & Zoboli, 2008). This is

especially applicable to metropolitan regions where the population is quickly

expanding and the volume of waste being produced is escalating at an

unprecedented rate (Kathiravale & Mohd Yunus, 2008).

Furthermore, Barangay 109-A is home to a population of 8,000-

10,000 individuals. As the population grows, there will be a corresponding

increase in the amount of garbage generated in the environment. Moreover,

an advantage would arise from a larger number of individuals, since we

would be able to provide mutual assistance. Collectively, we have the ability

to establish an improved, more sanitary, and ecologically conscious planet

for our own habitation. Currently, there are residents in the barangay who

fail to acknowledge the significance of waste segregation. While some

residents do practice solid waste segregation, there are others who do not.

These individuals neglect to properly dispose of their rubbish by failing to

use appropriate containers or trash bins.

 In addition, inadequate waste disposal methods impede the

advancement of integrated solid waste management in households.

Understanding the present behaviors and perception of managing solid

waste in households is essential for making informed decisions in the

transition towards a more sustainable strategy.

IGTYPE ADI

Furthermore, waste management has become complex, and current

facilities are insufficient to meet the increasing demand and needs.

Therefore, it is essential to swiftly implement the most effective plan,

considering environmental, social, and economic issues (Aye & Widjaya,

2006). This study aims to evaluate the waste segregation practices of

residents and determine the degree of implementation of garbage

segregation.

TUTOB DD

Literature Review

Several nations encounter challenges in solid waste management.

Insufficient solid waste management will lead to several problems with

public health, environmental integrity, and socio-economic conditions

(Molina, R. A., & Catan, I. 2021). Most human endeavors inevitably

produced solid waste. The administration of solid waste has significantly

influenced waste reduction and the advancements of recycling in the

municipal solid waste (MSW) sector (Ella et al., 2022) Municipal authorities
bear a vital responsibility for solid waste management (SWM), which acts

as a significant indicator of efficient governance.

IGTYPE ADI This issue remains a significant socio-economic and

governance burden, particularly in urban areas facing rapid population

development and the resulting increase in waste production. Effective solid

waste management (SWM) alleviates detrimental health and environmental

effects, conserves resources, and enhances urban quality of life.

Unsustainable solid waste management methods, intensified by rising

urbanization and limited financial and institutional resources, adversely

affect public health and environmental sustainability.

TUTOB DD

To eradicate this problem, several measures have been put in place,

for instance, enforcing the ordinances on waste as provided for in the

enacted act on Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2001 (Camarillo

& Bellotindos, 2021). This legislation was put in place to promote the

protection of the environment and to replenish the resources. These wastes

arise from the advancement of urbanization and the wealth of the economic

factor alongside the population density.

S. N. Domingo and A. J. A. Manejar (2021) conducted a study

evaluating the implementation process of the Ecological Solid Waste

Management Legislation of 2000 (RA 9003) through a process evaluation.

An analysis was conducted on the terms and framework of the Ecological

Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 (RA 9003) and its associated

policies, accompanied by case studies to evaluate the implementation of RA

9003 by local governments.

Nevertheless, the execution of these regulations, even at the

barangay level, has consistently posed a difficulty. Furthermore, a research

conducted in certain barangays in Cebu City, Philippines, titled "A Study of

Policy Implementation and Community Participation in Municipal Solid

Waste Management in the Philippines." The findings indicate a limited level

of adherence to the majority of solid waste management (SWM) rules,

including segregation, composting, recycling, incentives, and public

education. The level of compliance regarding the collection and

transportation of solid waste, as well as the enforcement of penalties and

fines, is moderate. Consequently, they proposed using efficient strategies

for recycling and composting to promote greater engagement among

people of the barrio. Having well-designed and efficient materials resource

facilities, along with easily accessible drop-off places, guarantees the

proper sorting of recyclable materials for composting and recycling

purposes (Camarillo, M. E., & Bellotindos, L. M. 2021).

As stated by Moeini et al. (2024), local governments globally have a

crucial obligation that significantly affects public health, the environment,

and people's lives. SWM actively contributes to the advancement of

alternative energy sources and the mitigation of climate change obstacles.

Nevertheless, the swift process of urbanization and the increase in

population are exerting significant strain on waste management systems,

particularly in low-income nations that are disproportionately impacted by

the absence of fundamental services like waste collection and disposal.

The report of the World Bank (2019) is to the effect that generation of

waste globally is expected to increase by 70 percent in 30 years’ time due

to population growth, increase in urbanization and economic development.

Such a scenario would lead to an annual population of 3. This creates a

shocking statistic indicating that approximately forty billion tons of rubbish

are produced globally. It is expected that the packaging waste as a share

will be highest in the developing nations as compared to the developed

ones they will likely exhibit the greatest rise in their amounts (Ayeleru et al. ,

2020).

Nanda & Berruti (2020) have devoted their research work to the

focus area of municipal solid waste management and landfilling technology.

The U.S., China, and India are some of the leading producers of municipal

solid trash in the world. The composition of solid wastes is dependent on

income levels: in low-to-middle income earning households, people create

most of the biodegradable waste while the higher income groups generate

larger quantities of wastepaper, metals, and glass. The disposal of

municipal solid waste can involve several processes including, recycling,

burning, conversion of waste to energy, composting, and landfilling.

 In addition, garbage recycling is considered to be one of the primary

and best strategies for dealing with solid wastes since it is an effective

approach to the preservation of environmental and economic assets.

Integrated waste management systems facilitate economic development

and foster social advancement. Minimizing trash has positive effects on

both the environment and communities. Therefore, implementing solid

waste management methods aimed at recycling waste goods is a potential

approach that has a favorable impact on achieving sustainable goals. Many

advanced nations have implemented effective solid waste management

methods for recycling waste goods (Khan et al., 2022).

IGTYPE ADI

Engaging with a sustainable environment enhances physical and emotional

well-being, as well as the overall welfare of society. Waste recycling

necessitates the separation of refuse at its origin. Various factors, including

awareness, education, social norms, perceived benefits, structural barriers,

motivation, attitude, subjective norms, self-efficacy, perceived behavioral

control, behavioral intentions, normative feedback, and environmental

influences, influence waste sorting behavior (Moeini et al., 2024).

The study entitled “Solid Waste Management Awareness and Practices

among Senior High School Students in a State College in Zamboanga City,

Philippines” was conducted by Molina, R. A., and Catan, I. in 2021. The

findings indicate that students possess a thorough comprehension of the

definition of solid waste, the consequences of improper disposal, prohibited

practices related to solid waste, school initiatives addressing solid waste

issues, the significance of solid waste management, and the responsibilities

of students in this regard. Nevertheless, students possess a limited

understanding of the various legislation governing solid waste management.

Television, radio parental advice, and social media serve as sources of this

comprehension. The findings indicate that students demonstrate

commendable practices in solid waste management, particularly in

segregation, reduction, reuse, recycling, and disposal.

TUTOB DD

IGTYPE ADI

A study conducted by Fernando (2019) entitled "Solid Waste

Management of Local Governments in the Western Province of Sri Lanka:

An Implementation Analysis" is pertinent to this subject. The study identified

that human salary and other incentives are significant drivers, whereas

commitment and support from political leadership, society, and commercial

entities strongly influence the effective execution of the SWM program. The

execution of the Solid Waste Management (SWM) system faces numerous

challenges stemming from administrative issues, including inadequate land

for disposal and composting, insufficient recycling efforts, a lack of

appropriate vehicles and an integrated SWM program, necessary

equipment and modern technology, ineffective regulatory measures, low

labor productivity and workforce numbers, insufficient public awareness,

and political interference. This academic study ultimately provides solutions

for addressing the administrative issues and concerns present in local

governments to improve the effectiveness of solid waste management in Sri

Lanka.

TUTOB DD

The study that was carried out in Nigeria aimed at evaluating the

energy-saving prospects and the consequent economic and ecological

gains of recycling items derived from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in

Nigeria. Ayodele et al. (2018) relaxed the yearly average quantity of

municipal solid waste (MSW) collected since it correlates with population

growth rate and financial strength. As a revenue indicator, Gross Domestic

Product known as GDP is utilized to evaluate the level of economic revenue

for measuring economic growth or decline.

Also, this study has based its analysis on the premise that the

relationship between population growth and MSW will provide insight on the

amount of MSW that is expected to be produced in the future. This forecast

is based on the potential increase in national population and the Gross

Domestic Product as well. This paper has demonstrated that garbage

recycling in Nigeria provides energy, economy, society, and environmental

gains. As a result of the study, it was discovered that the government of

Nigeria must put in place relevant policies and legal frameworks that would

enhance the recycling program in the country.

 To optimize the recycling process and programs, it is imperative that

individuals are thoroughly educated on trash segregation, starting from their

immediate surroundings (Ayodele et al., 2018). Hence, all aforementioned

research and literature substantiate the significance of evaluating solid

waste management, since inadequate waste management can result in

environmental contamination, health issues, and depletion of resources.

Periodic evaluations facilitate adjustments and the establishment of more

enduring methods.

Theoretical Framework

This study’s premise is based on Maleka et al., Theory of Waste

Management (2017), which includes conceptual evaluation of waste, waste-

related activities, and a comprehensive perspective on the goals of waste

management.

The Theory of Waste Management provides a comprehensive

framework regarding waste and its management, predicated on the premise

that the objective of waste management is to avert detrimental effects on

human health and the environment while simultaneously enhancing

resource utilization efficiency.

 Figure 1. The Theory of Waste Management System

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to assess the solid waste segregation of the residents in

Barangay 109-A, V&G Subdivision Tacloban City. These are the following

questions:

1. What is the profile of the respondents in the place of study, here is the

following

1.1 Age

1.2 Sex
 1.3 Civil Status

1.4 Profession

1.5 Span of residency

1.6 How many are you in your household?

2. What are the current practices of solid waste segregation in Barangay 109-A

V&G Subdivision?

3. What are the socio-economic factors that influence waste segregation

behaviors in the community?

4. How do community perceptions influence waste segregation behaviors?

5. What challenges do residents and authorities face in implementing effective

waste segregation?

6. In what ways can waste segregation practices be improved in Barangay 109-A

V&G Subdivision?

Significance of the Study

The results of the study will make a baseline data on the solid waste

management in Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision, Tacloban City, and to the

people to have a wide range knowledge about solid waste segregation.

Community. The result of the study may give benefits to the community

where the result regarding to the waste segregation can serve as a guide in

taking appropriate actions.

 Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) officials.

The result of the study may serve as a piece of reliable information about the

waste segregation in Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision Tacloban City.

Environmentalist. This study may provide valuable information to

environmentalist about the waste segregation in Barangay 109-A V&G

Subdivision Tacloban City.

Future Researcher. Future researchers with similar topics may utilize the

relevant information in this study.

Scope and Delimitation

The scope of the study will focus on the evaluation of solid waste

segregation management in some puroks of Barangay 109-A V& G Subdivision

Tacloban City. This will also will also assess the residents in identifying, dividing,

and sorting their waste, in an effort to reuse, reduce, and recycle materials.
 CHAPTER II

METHODOLOGY

Research Design

This study will utilize a narrative qualitative approach where Solid

Waste Management patterns and trends will be established in order to

explain the issue with solid waste management that will be carried out in the

chosen puroks inside the barangay. Creswell (2014), states that this method

is utilized to generate fresh insights by posing queries and concepts for

upcoming investigations. To ascertain the exact nature of the inquiry, this

study will concentrate on the impact of public participation on solid waste

management's sustainability. This approach is appropriate to know the

perspective of the respondents in assessing the solid waste segregation in

Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision, Tacloban City.

Research Participants

In this study, the researcher will utilize a non-probability sampling

procedure particularly purposive sampling in selecting the participants

within a population. Purposive sampling is often used to select participants

that will be able to give appropriate and useful data to the researcher (Kelly,

2010). The researcher will interview 20 residents (20-60 years old) and 10

Barangay Officials (20-60 years old) of Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision,

Tacloban City.

Research Locale

This study will be conducted in Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivison,

Tacloban City. The geographical location is approximately

11.1992, 125.0015 (11° 12' North, 125° 0' East). The research will focus on

the selected puroks of the Barangay.

 Figure 2. Map of Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision

Research Instrument

This research will utilize a survey questionnaire to assess

demographic data of respondents about their age, sex, marital status,

profession, years of residence on the barangay and size of their

households. The second part will focus on the current practices of

performing segregation of solid waste among the community. It will then

proceed to the measuring of socioeconomic characteristics and perceptions

towards these behaviors. Last, it will record residents’ accounts of the

difficulties in the practice of proper waste segregation as well as insights on

possibilities for enhancement. This wide-ranging, overall approach will

prove useful in further improving the bin segregation method of solid waste

disposal in barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision.

Ethical Consideration

Ethical guidelines will be constructed and maintained where the

integrity shall be in priority with the safety and respect of the respondent.

The confidentiality of study data will be respected and valued throughout

the research process. The researchers will make efforts to ensure that the

information they acquire from respondents is not used for any other

purposes.

Additionally, any findings derived from this study will be shared with

the respondents, and how the community was to be benefited with the

information gathered from them. Additional measures will be observed

during the interviews as the participants will be covered to prevent the

recognition of their identity. The reactions of the participants will be

documented to enhance the process of raising the ethical standards

gradually to foster a courteous and sensitive research environment.

Furthermore, according to Shore (2006), respecting individuals'

decisions to decline an interview by not pressuring the person into agreeing

or refusing to give an interview. We take special care when they choose not

to proceed any further and stress our commitment to protecting their privacy

and ensuring their identity as our participants remain anonymous. Even

though we offer various ways of engagement like a questionnaire or written

feedback, we document the decline without personal details. Understanding

the reasons that lead to failures helps us to be ready with a strategy for
the individual who comes next. This is per our established principles

including truthfulness and preserving the dignity of all participants.

Individuals recording such responses and using such responses to enhance

current interaction techniques, creating more courteous and compassionate

research.

Data Gathering Procedure

First, the researcher will write a letter to be signed by the head of the

department, the adviser, and the Dean's office to interview the selected

respondents. A letter will also be presented to the Barangay to gather data

through an interview, using audio or video recordings. After giving the

communication letter, and the approval he signed is an indicator that allows

the researcher to start and conduct the said study.

Residents will be approached and asked for their informed consent

to participate in the study. They will be provided with a survey questionnaire

to complete if consent is granted, including consent for potential audio

recording. All completed questionnaires will be collected, and the data will

be securely stored for analysis. This analysis will includes assessing the

level of implementation of segregation of solid wastes in the selected

puroks as well as analyzing the barriers and challenges that may hinder

them from implementing segregation of solid wastes and possibly coming

up with ways of improving the situation.

 Lastly, the results of this study will help in the continuation of an

improvement of the strategies in solid waste management in Barangay 109-

A V&G Subdivision, Tacloban City, thus providing beneficial findings on

developing more effective approaches to promote adequate waste

management in the community.

Data Analysis

In this study, a thematic analysis approach will be applied. The data

set will be examined to present the point of view of the community and

encourage it to assess the results of Solid Waste Management. The

information gathered from the chosen respondents' responses is used to

examine this.

Additionally, it will be assessed to determine which viewpoints they

are unfamiliar with and to support the introduction of fresh, varied

viewpoints. After the transcription, the data will undergo coding, analysis,

assessment, and validation. By repeatedly listening to and reading the

transcribed interviews, the researcher can better understand the subject

through the transcription process. Upon the comprehensive transcription of

all material, coding commenced. The codes used are terminology intended

to categorize or organize text and are considered an essential element of

qualitative research (Sarantakos, 1998).

 APPENDIX A

SURVEY QUESTIONNAIRES

Statement of the Problem 2

 1. What are the current practices of solid waste segregation in Barangay

109-A V&G Subdivision?

2. Do you have separate bins for biodegradable and non-biodegradable

waste at home?

3. Do your family members know how to separate any kinds of waste?

4. Are there designated collection areas for recyclable materials?

5. Do you understand the different categories of waste (biodegradable,

non-biodegradable, recyclable)?

Statement of the Problem 3

6. Have you participated in any waste segregation information campaigns

conducted by the barangay?

7. Does your household income level influence your ability to purchase

separate bins for waste segregation?

8. Does your level of education affect your understanding of the

importance of waste segregation?

9. Do you believe your employment status allows you enough time to

properly segregate your waste?

10. Are there any financial incentives offered in the barangay for

participating in waste segregation?

Statement of the Problem 4

11. Does your household size impact the amount and type of waste you

generate?
 12. How important do you believe waste segregation is for the cleanliness

and health of the barangay?

13. Is there a sense of community responsibility towards proper waste

management?

14. Do you think your neighbors segregate their waste properly?

15. Does social pressure from friends or family influence your waste

segregation habits?

Statement of the Problem 5

16. Are there any cultural beliefs or practices in the community that impact

waste disposal habits?

17. Do you find the current waste collection schedule convenient?

18. Is there a sufficient number of designated waste bins and collection

points in the barangay?

19. Are there any difficulties in identifying the proper category for specific

waste items?

20. Do you think there is a lack of awareness or education about waste

segregation in the community?

Statement of the Problem 6

21. How can the barangay authorities improve enforcement of waste

segregation rules?
22. What type of information campaigns would be most effective in raising

awareness about waste segregation?

23. Would providing residents with different colored bins for each waste

category be helpful?

24. Do you think offering rewards or incentives for consistent waste

segregation would be beneficial?

25. Are there any improvements you can suggest for the current waste

collection system?

26. How can the barangay involve the community more in waste

management initiatives?

APPENDIX B
LETTER TO THE CHAIRMAN

Republic of the Philippines

EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Tacloban City
 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

APRIL 22, 2024

HON. ARIEL REX LLEDO

Chairman of Brgy. 109-A V&G Subdivision
Tacloban City, Leyte, Philippines

Dear Honorable:

I am Prince Aleson B. Fernandez, a student with a Bachelor of Science in

Environmental Science at Eastern Visayas State University- Main Campus, taking
the course Research 1 (Thesis Writing Proposal ). I am currently conducting a
study entitled “Assessing the Solid Waste Segregation In Selected Puroks
Of Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision, Tacloban City.”
In this regard, we request permission from your good office to allow us to
conduct the said study. Rest assured that the data to be gathered for this purpose will
be treated with confidentiality and will be used solely for the purpose of this study.

May this request be extended with your kindness and consideration. Your
help will surely make a difference and will be greatly appreciated.

Thank you and God bless!

Respectfully yours,

PRINCE ALESON B. FERNANDEZ

Student

Noted by:

PEARL APHRODITE B. CARNICE, PhD

Course Instructor

Approved by:

MA. ELVIRA A. MARTIJA MSES GLENDA B. TUPAZ, DA

Department Head Dean College of Arts and Sciences

HON. ARIEL REX LLEDO

Chairman of Brgy. 109-A V&G Subdivision

APPENDIX C
LETTER FOR THE PARTICIPANTS’ CONSENT

Republic of the Philippines

EASTERN VISAYAS STATE UNIVERSITY
Tacloban City
 COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES
NATURAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT

APRIL 22, 2024

Participant’s Name:
Address:
Contact Number:
Title of the Study: “Assessing The Solid Waste Segregation In Selected Puroks Of
Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision, Tacloban City.”

I am Prince Aleson B. Fernandez, an Environmental Science student at Eastern

Visayas State University, Tacloban City-Main Campus. I would like to invite you to an
interview, which seeks to assess the current state of solid waste segregation practices in
some puroks of Barangay 109-A V&G Subdivision, Tacloban City.
I also want you to inform that you are one of the selected participants who can
give us accurate information and data that will matter to this study.

Thank you very much!

Sincerely yours,
PRINCE ALESON FERNANDEZ

1. I agree to participate in the survey interview.

2. This participation agreement is of my own free will.
3. I have had the opportunity to ask some questions about the said study.
4. I realize I can withdraw from answering the questions at any time during the interview
without giving a reason and without any other such hindrances.
5. I have been given all the information regarding the purpose of the interview and have
been given information with the people-in charge names on and contact information and
address if I require further information.
6. All Personal information provided, and I understand, will remain confidential and no
information that identifies me will be made publicly.

Name and Signature of the Participant

Date

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