Question:1

Find the distance between the points:

i A9, 3 and B15, 11

ii A7, − 4 and B−5, 1
iii A−6, − 4 and B9, − 12
iv A1, − 3 and B4, − 6
v P(a + b, a − b) and Q(a −b, a + b)
vi P(a sin α , a cos α ) and Q(a cos α , −a sin α )
Solution:
i A9, 3 and B15, 11
The given points are A9, 3 and B15, 11.
Then (x 1 = 9, y 1 = 3) and (x 2 = 15, y 2 = 11)

AB = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 )
2 = √(15 -9)2 + (11 -3)2 = √(15 -9)2 + (11 -3)2 = √(6)2 + (8)2 = √36 + 64 = √100 = 10 units

ii A7, − 4 and B−5, 1

The given points are A7, − 4 and B−5, 1.
Then (x 1= 7, y 1 = −4) and (x 2 = −5, y 2 = 1)

AB = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 )
2 = √(-5 -7)2 + {1 -(-4)}2 = √(-5 -7)2 + (1 + 4)2 = √(-12)2 + (5)2 = √144 + 25 = √169 = 13 units

iii A−6, − 4 and B9, − 12

The given points are A−6, − 4 and B9, − 12.
Then (x 1 = −6, y 1 = −4) and (x 2 = 9, y 2 = −12)

AB = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 )
2 = √(9 -(-6))2 + {-12 -(-4)}2 = √(9 + 6)2 + (-12 + 4)2 = √(15)2 + (-8)2 = √225 + 64 = √289 = 17 units

iv A1, − 3 and B4, − 6

The given points are A1, − 3 and B4, − 6.
Then (x 1 = 1, y 1 = −3) and (x 2 = 4, y 2 = −6)

AB = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 )
2 = √(4 -1)2 + {-6 -(-3)}2 = √(4 -1)2 + (-6 + 3)2 = √(3)2 + (-3)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = √9 × 2 = 3√2 units

v P(a + b, a − b) and Q(a −b, a + b)

The given points are Pa + b, a − b and Qa − b, a + b.
Then (x 1 = a + b, y 1 = a − b) and (x 2 = a − b, y 2 = a + b)

PQ = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 )
2 = √{(a -b)-(a + b)}2 + {(a + b)-(a -b)}2 = √(a -b -a -b)2 + (a + b -a + b)2 = √(-2b)2 + (2b)2 = √4b2 + 4b2 = √8b2 = √4 × 2b2 = 2√2b units

vi P(a sin α , a cos α ) and Q(a cos α , −a sin α )

The given points are P(a sin α , a cos α ) and Q(a cos α , −a sin α ).
Then (x 1 = a sin α , y 1 = a cos α ) and (x 2 = a cos α , y 2 = −a sin α )

PQ = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 )
2 = √(a cos α -a sin α)2 + (-a sinα -a cos α)2 = √ a2 cos 2 α + a2 sin2 α - 2a2 cos α × sin α + a2 sin2 α + a2 cos 2 α + 2a2 cos α × sin α
( ) ( ) = √2a2 cos 2 α

Question:2
Find the distance of each of the following points from the origin:

i A5, − 12
ii B−5, 5
iii C−, − 64
Solution:
i A5, − 12
Let O0, 0 be the origin.
OA = √(5 -0)2 + (-12 -0)2 = √(5)2 + (-12)2 = √25 + 144 = √169 = 13 units

ii B−5, 5
Let O0, 0 be the origin.
OB = √(-5 -0)2 + (5 -0)2 = √(-5)2 + (5)2 = √25 + 25 = √50 = √25 × 2 = 5√2 units

iii C−4, − 6
Let O0, 0 be the origin.
OC = √(-4 -0)2 + (-6 -0)2 = √(-4)2 + (-6)2 = √16 + 36 = √52 = √4 × 13 = 2√13 units

Question:3
Find all possible values of x for which the distance between the points A(x, −1) and B5, 3 is 5 units.
Solution:
Given AB = 5 units
Therefore, AB 2 = 25 units
⇒ (5 -x)2 + {3 -(-1)}2 = 25 ⇒ (5 -x)2 + (3 + 1)2 = 25 ⇒ (5 -x)2 + (4)2 = 25 ⇒ (5 -x)2 + 16 = 25 ⇒ (5 -x)2 = 25 -16 ⇒ (5 -x)2 = 9 ⇒ (5 -x) = ± √9 ⇒ 5 -x = ± 3 ⇒ 5 -x = 3 or 5 -x = -3 ⇒ x = 2 or
Therefore, x = 2 or 8.

Question:4
Find all possible values of y for which the distance between the points A(2, -3) and B(10, y) is 10 units.
Solution:
The given points are A(2, -3) and B(10, y).
∴ AB = √(2 -10)2 + (-3 -y)2 = √(-8)2 + (-3 -y)2 = √64 + 9 + y 2 + 6y
∵ AB = 10 ∴ √64 + 9 + y 2 + 6y = 10 ⇒ 73 + y 2 + 6y = 100 (Squaring both sides) ⇒ y 2 + 6y -27 = 0
⇒ y 2 + 9y -3y -27 = 0 ⇒ y(y + 9)-3(y + 9) = 0 ⇒ (y + 9)(y -3) = 0 ⇒ y + 9 = 0 or y -3 = 0
⇒ y = -9 or y = 3
Hence, the possible values of y are -9 and 3.

Question:5
Find the values of x for which the distance between the points P(x, 4) and Q9, 10 is 10 units.
Solution:
The given points are P(x, 4) and Q9, 10.
∴ PQ = √(x -9)2 + (4 -10)2 = √(x -9)2 + (-6)2 = √x 2 -18x + 81 + 36 = √x 2 -18x + 117
∵ PQ = 10 ∴ √x 2 -18x + 117 = 10 ⇒ x 2 -18x + 117 = 100 (Squaring both sides) ⇒ x 2 -18x + 17 =
⇒ x 2 -17x -x + 17 = 0 ⇒ x(x -17)-1(x -17) = 0 ⇒ (x -17)(x -1) = 0 ⇒ x -17 = 0 or x -1 = 0
⇒ x = 17 or x = 1
Hence, the values of x are 1 and 17.

Question:6
If the point A(x, 2) is equidistant from the points B8, − 2 and C2, − 2, find the value of x. Also, find the length of AB.
Solution:
As per the question
AB = AC ⇒ √(x -8)2 + (2 + 2)2 = √(x -2)2 + (2 + 2)2
Squaring both sides, we get
60
(x -8)2 + 42 = (x -2)2 + 42 ⇒ x 2 -16x + 64 + 16 = x 2 + 4 -4x + 16 ⇒ 16x -4x = 64 -4 ⇒ x = 12 = 5
Now,
AB = √(x -8)2 + (2 + 2)2 = √(5 -8)2 + (2 + 2)2 ( ∵ x = 2) = √(-3)2 + (4)2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5
Hence, x = 5 and AB = 5 units.

Question:7
If the point A0, 2 is equidistant from the points B(3, p) and C(p, 5), find the value of p. Also, find the length of AB.
Solution:
As per the question
AB = AC ⇒ √(0 -3)2 + (2 -p)2 = √(0 -p)2 + (2 -5)2 ⇒ √(-3)2 + (2 -p)2 = √(-p)2 + (-3)2
Squaring both sides, we get
(-3)2 + (2 -p)2 = (-p)2 + (-3)2 ⇒ 9 + 4 + p2 -4p = p2 + 9 ⇒ 4p = 4 ⇒ p = 1
Now,
AB = √(0 -3)2 + (2 -p)2 = √(-3)2 + (2 -1)2 ( ∵ p = 1) = √9 + 1 = √10 units
Hence, p = 1 and AB = √10 units.

Question:8
Find the coordinates of the point on x-axis which is equidistant from the points – 2, 5 and 2, – 3.
Solution:
Let the point on the x - axis be (x, 0).
We have A(-2, 5) and B(2, -3)AX = BXAX 2 = BX 2 . . . . . (1)Using distance formula: d = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 ) For AXAX = √(x -(-2)) + (0 -5) AX
2 2 2 2 = (x + 2)2 + (-5)2 AX 2 = x 2 + 4x + 29 . . . . . (2)
And BX = √(x -2)2 + (0 -(-3))2 BX 2 = (x -2)2 + (3)2 BX 2 = x 2 -4x + 13 . . . . . (3)From (1), (2) and (3)x 2 + 4x + 29 = x 2 -4x + 13x = -2
Point on the x - axis is (-2, 0).

Question:9
Find points on the x-axis, each of which is at a distance of 10 units from the point A11, − 8.
Solution:
Let P (x, 0) be the point on the x-axis. Then as per the question, we have
AP = 10 ⇒ √(x -11)2 + (0 + 8)2 = 10 ⇒ (x -11)2 + 82 = 100 (Squaring both sides) ⇒ (x -11)2 = 100 -64 = 36
⇒ x -11 = ± 6 ⇒ x = 11 ± 6 ⇒ x = 11 -6, 11 + 6 ⇒ x = 5, 17
Hence, the points on the x-axis are 5, 0 and 17, 0.

Question:10
Find the point on the y-axis which is equidistant from the points A6, 5 and B−4, 3.
Solution:
Let P (0, y) be a point on the y-axis. Then as per the question, we have
AP = BP ⇒ √(0 -6)2 + (y -5)2 = √(0 + 4)2 + (y -3)2 ⇒ √(6)2 + (y -5)2 = √(4)2 + (y -3)2 ⇒ (6)2 + (y -5)2 = (4)2 + (y -3)2 (Squaring both sides)
⇒ 36 + y 2 -10y + 25 = 16 + y 2 -6y + 9 ⇒ 4y = 36 ⇒ y = 9
Hence, the point on the y-axis is 0, 9.

Question:11
If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A5, 1 and B−1, 5, prove that 3x = 2y.
Solution:
As per the question, we have
AP = BP ⇒ √(x -5)2 + (y -1)2 = √(x + 1)2 + (y -5)2 ⇒ (x -5)2 + (y -1)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y -5)2 (Squaring both sides) ⇒ x 2 -10x + 25 + y 2 -2y + 1 = x 2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 -10y + 25
⇒ -10x -2y = 2x -10y ⇒ 8y = 12x ⇒ 3x = 2y
Hence, 3x = 2y.

Question:12
If P(x, y) is a point equidistant from the points A6, − 1 and B2, 3, show that x − y = 3.
Solution:
The given points are A6, − 1 and B2, 3. The point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A and B. So, PA = PB.
Also, (PA)2 = (PB)2
-24
⇒ (6 - x)2 + (-1 - y)2 = (2 - x)2 + (3 - y)2 ⇒ x2 - 12x + 36 + y2 + 2y + 1 = x2 - 4x + 4 + y2 - 6y + 9 ⇒ x2 + y2 - 12x + 2y + 37 = x2 + y2 - 4x - 6y + 13 ⇒ x2 + y2 - 12x + 2y - x2 - y2 + 4x + 6y = 13 - 37 ⇒ - 8x + 8y = - 24 ⇒ - 8(x - y) = - 24 ⇒ x - y = -8 ⇒ x

Hence proved.

Question:13
Find the coordinates of the point equidistant from the three points A5, 3, B5, − 5 and C1, − 5.
Solution:
Let the required point be P(x, y). Then AP = BP = CP
That is, (AP)2=(BP)2=(CP)2
This means (AP)2=(BP)2

⇒ (x -5)2 + (y -3)2 = (x -5)2 + (y + 5)2 ⇒ x 2 -10x + 25 + y 2 -6y + 9 = x 2 -10x + 25 + y 2 + 10y + 25 ⇒ x 2 -10x + y 2 -6y + 34 = x 2 -10x + y 2 + 10y + 50 ⇒ x 2 -10x + y 2 -6y -x 2 + 10x -y 2 -10y = 50 -34 ⇒
Hence, the required point is 3, − 1.

Question:14
If the points A4, 3 and B(x, 5) lie on a circle with centre O2, 3, find the value of x.
Solution:
Given, the points A4, 3 and B(x, 5) lie on a circle with centre O2, 3.
Then OA = OB
Also (OA)2 = (OB)2
⇒ (4 -2)2 + (3 -3)2 = (x -2)2 + (5 -3)2 ⇒ (2)2 + (0)2 = (x -2)2 + (2)2 ⇒ 4 = (x -2)2 + 4 ⇒ (x -2)2 = 0 ⇒ x -2 = 0 ⇒ x = 2
Therefore, x = 2.

Question:15
If the point C−2, 3 is equidistant from the points A3, − 1 and B(x, 8), find the value of x. Also, find the distance BC.
Solution:
As per the question, we have
AC = BC ⇒ √(-2 -3)2 + (3 + 1)2 = √(-2 -x)2 + (3 -8)2 ⇒ √(5)2 + (4)2 = √(x + 2)2 + (-5)2 ⇒ 25 + 16 = (x + 2)2 + 25 (Squaring both sides)
⇒ 25 + 16 = (x + 2)2 + 25 ⇒ (x + 2)2 = 16 ⇒ x + 2 = ± 4 ⇒ x = -2 ± 4 = -2 -4, -2 + 4 = -6, 2
Now
BC = √(-2 -x)2 + (3 -8)2 = √(-2 -2)2 + (-5) = √16 + 25 = √41 units
Hence, x = 2 or −6 and BC = √41 units.

Question:16
If the point P2, 2 is equidistant from the points A(−2, k) and B(−2k, −3), find k. Also find the length of AP.
Solution:
As per the question, we have
AP = BP ⇒ √(2 + 2)2 + (2 -k)2 = √(2 + 2k)2 + (2 + 3)2 ⇒ √(4)2 + (2 -k)2 = √(2 + 2k)2 + (5)2 ⇒ 16 + 4 + k 2 -4k = 4 + 4k 2 + 8k + 25 (Squaring both sides)
⇒ k 2 + 4k + 3 = 0 ⇒ (k + 1)(k + 3) = 0 ⇒ k = -3, -1
Now for k = -1
AP = √(2 + 2)2 + (2 -k)2 = √(4)2 + (2 + 1)2 = √16 + 9 = 5 units
For k = -3
AP = √(2 + 2)2 + (2 -k)2 = √(4)2 + (2 + 3)2 = √16 + 25 = √41 units
Hence, k = -1, -3 ; AP = 5 units for k = -1 and AP = √41 units for k = -3.

Question:17
i If the point (x, y) is equidistant from the points (a + b, b − a) and (a − b, a + b), prove that bx = ay.

ii If the distances of P(x, y) from A5, 1 and B– 1, 5 are equal then prove that 3x = 2y.
Solution:
i As per the question, we have
√(x -a -b)2 + (y -b + a)2 = √(x -a + b)2 + (y -a -b)2 ⇒ (x -a -b)2 + (y -b + a)2 = (x -a + b)2 + (y -a -b)2 (Squaring both sides) ⇒ x 2 + (a + b)2 -2x(a + b)+ y 2 + (a -b)2 -2y(a -b) = x 2 + (a -b)2 -2x(a -b)+ y 2 + (a
⇒ -xa -xb -ay + by = -xa + bx -ya -by ⇒ by = bx
Hence, bx = ay.

ii
As per the question, we have
AP = BP ⇒ √(x -5)2 + (y -1)2 = √(x + 1)2 + (y -5)2 ⇒ (x -5)2 + (y -1)2 = (x + 1)2 + (y -5)2 (Squaring both sides) ⇒ x 2 -10x + 25 + y 2 -2y + 1 = x 2 + 2x + 1 + y 2 -10y + 25
⇒ -10x -2y = 2x -10y ⇒ 8y = 12x ⇒ 3x = 2y
Hence, 3x = 2y.

Question:18
Using the distance formula, show that the given points are collinear:
(i) 1, − 1, 5, 2 and 9, 5 (ii) 6, 9, 0, 1 and −6, − 7
(iii) −1, − 1, 2, 3 and 8, 11 (iv) −2, 5, 0, 1 and 2, − 3
Solution:
(i)
Let A1, − 1, B5, 2 and C9, 5 be the given points. Then
AB = √(5 -1)2 + (2 + 1)2 = √42 + 32 = √25 = 5 unitsBC = √(9 -5)2 + (5 -2)2 = √42 + 32 = √25 = 5 unitsAC = √(9 -1)2 + (5 + 1)2 = √82 + 62 = √100 = 10 units
∴ AB + BC = (5 + 5) units = 10 units = AC
Hence, the given points are collinear.

(ii)
Let A6, 9, B0, 1 and C−6, − 7 be the given points. Then
AB = √(0 -6)2 + (1 -9)2 = √(-6)2 + (-8)2 = √100 = 10 unitsBC = √(-6 -0)2 + (-7 -1)2 = √(-6)2 + (-8)2 = √100 = 10 unitsAC = √(-6 -6)2 + (-7 -9)2 = √(-12)2 + (-16)2 = √400 = 20 units
∴ AB + BC = (10 + 10) units = 20 units = AC
Hence, the given points are collinear.

(iii)
Let A−1, − 1, B2, 3 and C8, 11 be the given points. Then
AB = √(2 + 1)2 + (3 + 1)2 = √(3)2 + (4)2 = √25 = 5 unitsBC = √(8 -2)2 + (11 -3)2 = √(6)2 + (8)2 = √100 = 10 unitsAC = √(8 + 1)2 + (11 + 1)2 = √(9)2 + (12)2 = √225 = 15 units
∴ AB + BC = (5 + 10) units = 15 units = AC
Hence, the given points are collinear.

(iv)
Let A−2, 5, B0, 1 and C2, − 3 be the given points. Then
AB = √(0 + 2)2 + (1 -5)2 = √(2)2 + (-4)2 = √20 = 2√5 unitsBC = √(2 -0)2 + (-3 -1)2 = √(2)2 + (-4)2 = √20 = 2√5 unitsAC = √(2 + 2)2 + (-3 -5)2 = √(4)2 + (-8)2 = √80 = 4√5 units

( )
∴ AB + BC = 2√5 + 2√5 units = 4√5 units = AC
Hence, the given points are collinear.

Question:19
Prove that the points A7, 10, B−2, 5 and C3, − 4 are the vertices of an isosceles right triangle.
Solution:
The given points are A7, 10, B−2, 5 and C3, − 4.
AB = √(-2 -7)2 + (5 -10)2 = √(-9)2 + (-5)2 = √81 + 25 = √106BC = √(3 -(-2))2 + (-4 -5)2 = √(5)2 + (-9)2 = √25 + 81 = √106AC = √(3 -7)2 + (-4 -10)2 = √(-4)2 + (-14)2 = √16 + 196 = √212
Since, AB and BC are equal, they form the vertices of an isosceles triangle.
Also, (AB)2+(BC)2 = (√106 )2 + (√106 )2 = 212
and (AC)2 = (√212 ) 2
= 212
Thus, (AB)2+(BC)2 = (AC)2
This show that Δ ABC is right- angled at B.
Therefore, the points A7, 10, B−2, 5 and C3, − 4 are the vertices of an isosceles right-angled triangle.

Question:20
Show that the points A3, 0, B6, 4 and C−1, 3 are the vertices of an isosceles right triangle.
Solution:
The given points are A3, 0, B6, 4 and C−1, 3. Now
AB = √(3 -6)2 + (0 -4)2 = √(-3)2 + (-4)2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5BC = √(6 + 1)2 + (4 -3)2 = √(7)2 + (1)2 = √49 + 1 = √50 = 5√2
AC = √(3 + 1)2 + (0 -3)2 = √(4)2 + (-3)2 = √16 + 9 = √25 = 5
∵ AB = AC and AB 2 + AC2 = BC2
Therefore, A3, 0, B6, 4 and C−1, 3 are the vertices of an isosceles right triangle.

Question:21
Show that the points A5, 2, B2, − 2 and C(− 2, t) are the vertices of a right triangle with ∠B = 90∘, then find the value of t.
Solution:
∵ ∠B = 90∘ ∴ AC2 = AB 2 + BC2 ⇒ (5 + 2)2 + (2 -t)2 = (5 -2)2 + (2 + 2)2 + (2 + 2)2 + (-2 -t)2 ⇒ (7)2 + (t -2)2 = (3)2 + (4)2 + (4)2 + (t + 2)2
⇒ 49 + t2 -4t + 4 = 9 + 16 + 16 + t2 + 4t + 4 ⇒ 8 -4t = 4t ⇒ 8t = 8 ⇒ t = 1
Hence, t = 1.

Question:22

( )
Prove that the points A2, 4, B2, 6 and C 2 + √3, 5 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
Solution:
The given points are A2, 4, B2, 6 and C 2 + √3, 5 . Now ( )
AB = √(2 -2)2 + (4 -6)2 = √(0)2 + (-2)2 = √0 + 4 = 2BC = √ (2 -2 - √3 )2 + (6 -5)2 = √ (-√3 )2 + (1)2 = √3 + 1 = 2

AC = √( 2 -2 - √3 ) 2
+ (4 -5)2 = √( -√3 ) 2
+ (-1)2 = √3 + 1 = 2

( )
Hence, the points A2, 4, B2, 6 and C 2 + √3, 5 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

Question:23

( )
Show that the points −3, − 3, 3, 3 and -3√3, 3√3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
Solution:
Let the given points be A−3, − 3, B3, 3 and C -3√3, 3√3 . Now ( )
AB = √(-3 -3)2 + (-3 -3)2 = √(-6)2 + (-6)2 = √36 + 36 = √72 = 6√2BC = √ (3 + 3√3 )2 + (3 -3√3 )2 = √9 + 27 + 18√3 + 9 + 27 -18√3 = √72 = 6√2

AC = √ (-3 + 3√3 ) + (-3 -3√3 ) = √ (3 -3√3 ) + (3 + 3√3 )

2 2 2 2
= √9 + 27 -18√3 + 9 + 27 + 18√3 = √72 = 6√2
Hence, the given points are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.

Question:24
Show that the points A−5, 6 B3, 0 and C9, 8 are the vertices of an isosceles right-angled triangle. Calculate its area.
Solution:
Let the given points be A−5, 6 B3, 0 and C9, 8.
AB = √(3 -(-5))2 + (0 -6)2 = √(8)2 + (-6)2 = √64 + 36 = √100 = 10 unitsBC = √(9 -3)2 + (8 -0)2 = √(6)2 + (8)2 = √36 + 64 = √100 = 10 unitsAC = √(9 -(-5))2 + (8 -6)2 = √(14)2 + (2)2 = √196

Also, (AB)2+(BC)2 = (10)2 + (10)2 = 200

and (AC)2 = 10√2 ( )2 = 200
Thus, (AB)2+(BC)2 = (AC)2
This show that Δ ABC is right- angled at B.
Therefore, the points A−5, 6 B3, 0 and C9, 8 are the vertices of an isosceles right-angled triangle.
1
Also, area of a triangle = 2 × base × height
1
If AB is the height and BC is the base, Area = 2 × 10 × 10 = 50 square units

Question:25
Show that the points O0, 0 A(3, √3) and B(3, −√3) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Find the area of this triangle.
Solution:
The given points are O0, 0 A(3, √3) and B(3, − √3).
OA = √ (3 -0)2 + { (√3 ) -0}2 = √ (3)2 + (√3 )2 = √9 + 3 = √12 = 2√3 unitsAB = √ (3 -3)2 + (-√3 - √3 )2 = √ 0 + (2 √ 3 )2 = √4(3) = √12 = 2√3 unitsOB = √ (3 -0)2 + (-√3 -0 )2 = √ (3)2 +
Thus, the points O0, 0 A(3, √3)and B(3, − √3) are the vertices of an equilateral triangle.
√3
Also, the area of the triangle OAB = 4 × (side)2
√3 √3
( )
4 × 2 3 2 = 4 × 12 = 3 3 square units
√ √

Question:26
Show that the following points are the vertices of a square.

i A3, 2, B0, 5, C−3, 2 and D0, − 1

ii A6, 2, B2, 1, C1, 5 and D5, 6
iii P0, − 2, Q3, 1, R0, 4 and S−3, 1
Solution:
i The given points are A3, 2, B0, 5, C−3, 2 and D0, − 1.
AB = √(0 -3)2 + (5 -2)2 = √(-3)2 + (3)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2 unitsBC = √(-3 -0)2 + (2 -5)2 = √(-3)2 + (-3)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2 unitsCD = √(0 + 3)2 + (-1 -2)2 = √(3)2 + (-3)2 = √9 + 9 =
Therefore, the given points form a square.
ii The given points are A6, 2, B2, 1, C1, 5 and D5, 6.
AB = √(2 -6)2 + (1 -2)2 = √(-4)2 + (-1)2 = √16 + 1 = √17 unitsBC = √(1 -2)2 + (5 -1)2 = √(-1)2 + (-4)2 = √1 + 16 = √17 unitsCD = √(5 -1)2 + (6 -5)2 = √(4)2 + (1)2 = √16 + 1 = √17 unitsD
Therefore, the given points form a square.

iii The given points are P0, − 2, Q3, 1, R0, 4 and S−3, 1.
PQ = √(3 -0)2 + (1 + 2)2 = √(3)2 + (3)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2 unitsQR = √(0 -3)2 + (4 -1)2 = √(-3)2 + (3)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2 unitsRS = √(-3 -0)2 + (1 -4)2 = √(-3)2 + (-3)2 = √9 + 9 =
Therefore, the given points form a square.

Question:27
Show that the points A−3, 2, B−5, − 5, C2, − 3 and D4, 4 are the vertices of a rhombus. Find the area of this rhombus.
Solution:
The given points are A−3, 2, B−5, − 5, C2, − 3 and D4, 4.
AB = √(-5 + 3)2 + (-5 -2)2 = √(-2)2 + (-7)2 = √4 + 49 = √53 units. BC = √(2 + 5)2 + (-3 + 5)2 = √(7)2 + (2)2 = √49 + 4 = √53 units. CD = √(4 -2)2 + (4 + 3)2 = √(2)2 + (7)2 = √4 + 49 = √53 units
Therefore, ABCD is a quadrilateral with equal sides and unequal diagonals.
Hence, ABCD is a rhombus.
1 1 45(2)
Area of a rhombus = 2 × (product of diagonals) = 2×
(5 √ 2 ) × (9 √ 2 ) = 2 = 45 square units

Question:28
Show that the points A3, 0, B4, 5, C−1, 4 and D−2, − 1 are the vertices of a rhombus. Find its area.
Solution:
The given points are A3, 0, B4, 5, C−1, 4 and D−2, − 1.
AB = √(3 -4)2 + (0 -5)2 = √(-1)2 + (-5)2 = √1 + 25 = √26
BC = √(4 + 1)2 + (5 -4)2 = √(5)2 + (1)2 = √25 + 1 = √26
CD = √(-1 + 2)2 + (4 + 1)2 = √(1)2 + (5)2 = √1 + 25 = √26AD = √(3 + 2)2 + (0 + 1)2 = √(5)2 + (1)2 = √25 + 1 = √26
AC = √(3 + 1)2 + (0 -4)2 = √(4)2 + (-4)2 = √16 + 16 = 4√2BD = √(4 + 2)2 + (5 + 1)2 = √(6)2 + (6)2 = √36 + 36 = 6√2
∵ AB = BC = CD = AD = 6√2 and AC ≠ BD
Therefore, the given points are the vertices of a rhombus.
1 1
Area(▱ABCD) = 2 × AC × BD = 2 × 4√2 × 6√2 = 24 sq. units
Hence, the area of the rhombus is 24 sq. units.

Question:29
Show that the points A6, 1, B8, 2, C9, 4 and D7, 3 are the vertices of a rhombus. Find its area.
Solution:
The given points are A6, 1, B8, 2, C9, 4 and D7, 3.
AB = √(6 -8)2 + (1 -2)2 = √(-2)2 + (-1)2 = √4 + 1 = √5
BC = √(8 -9)2 + (2 -4)2 = √(-1)2 + (-2)2 = √1 + 4 = √5
CD = √(9 -7)2 + (4 -3)2 = √(2)2 + (1)2 = √4 + 1 = √5AD = √(7 -6)2 + (3 -1)2 = √(1)2 + (2)2 = √1 + 4 = √5
AC = √(6 -9)2 + (1 -4)2 = √(-3)2 + (-3)2 = √9 + 9 = 3√2BD = √(8 -7)2 + (2 -3)2 = √(1)2 + (-1)2 = √1 + 1 = √2
∵ AB = BC = CD = AD = √5 and AC ≠ BD
Therefore, the given points are the vertices of a rhombus. Now
1 1
Area(▱ABCD) = 2 × AC × BD = 2 × 3√2 × √2 = 3 sq. units
Hence, the area of the rhombus is 3 sq. units.

Question:30
Show that the points A2, 1, B5, 2, C6, 4 and D3, 3 are the angular points of a parallelogram. Is this figure a rectangle?
Solution:
The given points are A2, 1, B5, 2, C6, 4 and D3, 3.
AB = √(5 -2)2 + (2 -1)2 = √(3)2 + (1)2 = √9 + 1 = √10 unitsBC = √(6 -5)2 + (4 -2)2 = √(1)2 + (2)2 = √1 + 4 = √5 unitsCD = √(3 -6)2 + (3 -4)2 = √(-3)2 + (-1)2 = √9 + 1 = √10 unitsAD = √(
But diagonal AC is not equal to diagonal BD.
Hence, the given points do not form a rectangle.

Question:31
Show that A1, 2, B4, 3, C6, 6 and D3, 5 are the vertices of a parallelogram. Show that ABCD is not a rectangle.
Solution:
The given vertices are A1, 2, B4, 3, C6, 6 and D3, 5.
AB = √(1 -4)2 + (2 -3)2 = √(-3)2 + (-1)2 = √9 + 1 = √10
BC = √(4 -6)2 + (3 -6)2 = √(-2)2 + (-3)2 = √4 + 9 = √13
CD = √(6 -3)2 + (6 -5)2 = √(3)2 + (1)2 = √9 + 1 = √10AD = √(1 -3)2 + (2 -5)2 = √(-2)2 + (-3)2 = √4 + 9 = √13
∵ AB = CD = √10 units and BC = AD = √13 units
Therefore, ABCD is a parallelogram. Now
AC = √(1 -6)2 + (2 -6)2 = √(-5)2 + (-4)2 = √25 + 16 = √41BD = √(4 -3)2 + (3 -5)2 = √(1)2 + (-2)2 = √1 + 4 = √5
Thus, the diagonals AC and BD are not equal and hence ABCD is not a rectangle.

Question:32
Show that the following points are the vertices of a rectangle.
i A−4, − 1, B−2, − 4 C4, 0 and D2, 3
ii A2, − 2, B14, 10 C11, 13 and D−1, 1
iii A0, − 4, B6, 2 C3, 5 and D−3, − 1
Solution:
i
Given: A(-4, -1), B(-2, -4), C(4, 0) and D(2, 3)In rectangle the opposite sides are equalUsing d = √(x 2 -x 1 ) + (y
2
2 -y 1 ) AB = √(-4 + 2) + (-1 + 4) AB = √13BC = √(4 + 2) + (0 + 4) BC = √52CD =
2 2 2 2 2

Now, we will prove for rectangles because diagnols in a rectangle are also equalAC = √(4 -(-4))2 + (0 -(-1))2 AC = √(4 + 4)2 + (1)2 AC = √65AndBD = √(2 -(-2))2 + (3 -(-4))2 BD = √(4)2 + (7)2 BD = √

ii The given points are A2, − 2, B14, 10 C11, 13 and D−1, 1.

AB = √(14 -2)2 + {10 -(-2)}2 = √(12)2 + (12)2 = √144 + 144 = √288 = 12√2 unitsBC = √(11 -14)2 + (13 -10)2 = √(-3)2 + (3)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2 unitsCD = √(-1 -11)2 + (1 -13)2 = √(-12
Also, diagonal AC = diagonal BD
Hence, the given points form a rectangle.

iii The given points are A0, − 4, B6, 2 C3, 5 and D−3, − 1.
AB = √(6 -0)2 + {2 -(-4)}2 = √(6)2 + (6)2 = √36 + 36 = √72 = 6√2 unitsBC = √(3 -6)2 + (5 -2)2 = √(-3)2 + (3)2 = √9 + 9 = √18 = 3√2 unitsCD = √(-3 -3)2 + (-1 -5)2 = √(-6)2 + (-6)2 = √36 + 36
Also, diagonal AC = diagonal BD.
Hence, the given points form a rectangle.

Question:33
Show that ΔABC with vertices A– 2, 0, B0, 2 and C2, 0 is similar to ΔDEF with vertices D– 4, 0, F4, 0 and E0, 4.

CBSE2017
Solution:
In ΔABC, the coordinates of the vertices are A– 2, 0, B0, 2, C2, 0.

AB = √(0 + 2)2 + (2 -0)2 = √8 = 2√2CB = √(0 -2)2 + (2 -0)2 = √8 = 2√2AC = √(2 + 2)2 + (0 -0)2 = 4

In ΔDEF, the coordinates of the vertices are D– 4, 0, E4, 0, F0, 4.

DF = √(4 + 4)2 + (0 -0)2 = 8FE = √(0 -4)2 + (4 -0)2 = 4√2DE = √(0 + 4)2 + (4 -0)2 = 4√2

Now, for ΔABC and ΔDEF to be similar, the corresponding sides should be proportional.

2√2 2√2
AC BC AB 4 1 1 1
4 2 4 2
So, DF = FE = DE ⇒ 8 = √ = √ ⇒ 2 = 2 = 2 Since, the corresponding sides are proportional Therefore, given two triangles are similar.

Question:34
Show that ΔABC, where A22, 0, B2, 0, C0, 2 and ΔPQR where P– 4, 0, Q4, 0, R0, 4 are similar triangles.

CBSE2017

Solution:

Disclaimer: Instead of 22 it should be -2

In ΔABC, the coordinates of the vertices are A– 2, 0, B2, 0, C0, 2.

AB = √(2 + 2)2 + (0 -0)2 = 4CB = √(0 -2)2 + (2 -0)2 = √8 = 2√2AC = √(0 + 2)2 + (2 -0)2 = √8 = 2√2

In ΔPQR, the coordinates of the vertices are P– 4, 0, Q4, 0, R0, 4.

PQ = √(4 + 4)2 + (0 -0)2 = 8QR = √(0 -4)2 + (4 -0)2 = 4√2PR = √(0 + 4)2 + (4 -0)2 = 4√2

Now, for ΔABC and ΔPQR to be similar, the corresponding sides should be proportional.

2√2 2√2
AB BC CA 4 1
4 2 4 2
So, PQ = QR = PR ⇒ 8 = √ = √ = 2
Thus, ΔABC is similar to ΔPQR.

Question:35
i Find the coordinates of the point that divides the join of A−1, 7 and B4, − 3 in the ratio 2 : 3.

ii Find the coordinates of the point which divides the join of A−5, 11 and B4, − 7 in the ratio 7 : 2.
Solution:
i The end points of AB are A−1, 7 and B4, − 3.
Therefore, (x 1 = −1, y 1 = 7) and (x 2 = 4, y 2 = −3)
Also, m = 2 and n = 3
Let the required point be P(x, y).
By section formula, we get:
(mx +nx )
2 1 (my +ny )
2 1 {2×4 + 3×(-1)} {2×(-3)+3×7} 8-3 -6+21 5 15
x = (m+n) , y = (m+n) ⇒x= 2+3 , y = 2+3 ⇒x= 5 , y = 5 ⇒ x = 5, y = 5 Therefore, x = 1 and y = 3
Hence, the coordinates of the required point are 1, 3.

ii The end points of AB are A−5, 11 and B4, − 7.

Therefore, (x 1 = −5, y 1 = 11) and (x 2 = 4, y 2 = −7).
Also, m = 7 and n = 2
Let the required point be P(x, y).
By section formula, we have:
(mx +nx )
2 1 (my +ny )
2 1
{7×4 + 2×(-5)} {7×(-7)+2×11} 28-10 -49+22 18 27
x = (m+n) , y = (m+n) ⇒x= 7+2 , y = 7+2 ⇒x= 9 , y = 9 ⇒x = 9, y = - 9 Therefore, x = 2 and y = -3
Hence, the required point is P2, − 3.

Question:36
Find the coordinates of the points of trisection of the line segment joining the points A7, – 2 and B1, – 5.

CBSE2017
Solution:

Consider the figure.

Here points P and Q trisect AB.
Therefore, P divides AB into 1 : 2 and Q divides AB into 2 : 1.
Using section formula, coordinates of P are;

( ) ( )( ) ( )
1×1+2×7 1×-5+2×-2 15 -9
P x, y = 3 , 3 P x, y = 3, 3 = (5, -3)

Similarly, coordinates of Q are;

( ) ( )( ) ( )
 ( ) ( )( ) ( )
2×1+1×7 2×-5+1×-2 9 -12
Q a, b = 3 , 3 Q a, b = 3, 3 = (3, -4)

Therefore, coordinates of points P and Q are (5, -3) and (3, -4) respectively.

Question:37
If the coordinates of points A and B are −2, − 2 and 2, − 4 respectively, find the coordinates of the point P
3
such that AP = 7 AB, where P lies on the line segment AB.

CBSE2015
Solution:
3
The coordinates of the points A and B are −2, − 2 and 2, − 4 respectively, where AP = 7 AB and P lies on the line segment AB. So
7AP 3 7AP AP 3
AP + BP = AB ⇒ AP + BP = 3 ∵ AP = 7 AB ⇒ BP = 3 -AP ⇒ BP = 4
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P which divides AB in the ratio 3 : 4 internally. Then
3×2+4×(-2) 6-8 2 3×(-4)+4×(-2) -12-8 20
x= 3+4 = 7 = - 7y = 3+4 = 7 = - 7

( )
2 20
Hence, the coordinates of point P are -7 , - 7 .

Question:38
PA 2
Point A lies on the line segment PQ joining P6, − 6 and Q−4, − 1 in such a way that PQ = 5 .
If the point A also lies on the line 3x + k (y + 1) = 0, find the value of k.

CBSE2015

Solution:
PA 2
Let the coordinates of A be (x, y). Here, PQ = 5 . So,

[ ]
5PA 2 5PA AQ 3 PA 2
PA + AQ = PQ ⇒ PA + AQ = 2 ∵ PA = 5 PQ ⇒ AQ = 2 -PA ⇒ PA =2⇒ AQ =3

Let (x, y) be the coordinates of A, which divides PQ in the ratio 2 : 3 internally. Then using section formula, we get
2×(-4)+3×(6) -8+18 10 2×(-1)+3×(-6) -2-18 -20
x= 2+3 = 5 = 5 = 2y = 2+3 = 5 = 5 = -4
Now, the point 2, − 4 lies on the line 3x + k (y + 1) = 0, therefore
6
3 × 2 + k(-4 + 1) = 0 ⇒ 3k = 6 ⇒ k = 3 = 2
Hence, k = 2.

Question:39
Point P, Q, R and S divide the line segment joining the points A1, 2 and B6, 7 in five equal parts.
Find the coordinates of the points P, Q and R.
Solution:
Since, the points P, Q, R and S divide the line segment joining the points A1, 2 and B6, 7 in five equal parts, so
AP = PQ = QR = RS = SB
Here, point P divides AB in the ratio of 1 : 4 internally. So using section formula, we get

( ) ( )
1×(6)+4×(1) 1×(7)+4×(2) 6+4 7+8
Coordinates of P = 1+4 , 1+4 = 5 , 5 = (2, 3)

The point Q divides AB in the ratio of 2 : 3 internally. So using section formula, we get

( ) ( )
2×(6)+3×(1) 2×(7)+3×(2) 12+3 14+6
Coordinates of Q = 2+3 , 2+3 = 5 , 5 = (3, 4)

The point R divides AB in the ratio of 3 : 2 internally. So using section formula, we get

( ) ( )
3×(6)+2×(1) 3×(7)+2×(2) 18+2 21+4
Coordinates of R = 3+2 , 3+2 = 5 , 5 = (4, 5)

Hence, the coordinates of the points P, Q and R are 2, 3, 3, 4 and 4, 5 respectively.

Question:40
Points P, Q and R, in that order, divide a line segment joining A1, 6 and B5, − 2 in four equal parts. Find the coordinates of P, Q and R.
Solution:
The given points are A1, 6 and B5, − 2.
Then, P(x, y) is a point that divides the line AB in the ratio 1:3.
By the section formula:
(mx +nx )
2 1 (my +ny )
2 1
(1×5 + 3×1) (1×(-2)+3×6) 5+3 -2+18 8 16
x = (m+n) , y = (m+n) ⇒x= 1+3 , y = 1+3 ⇒x= 4 , y = 4 ⇒ x = 4, y = 4 ⇒ x = 2 and y = 4
Therefore, the coordinates of point P are 2, 4.
Let Q be the mid point of AB.
Then, Q(x, y):
x 1+x 2 y 1+y 2 1+5 6+(-2) 6 4
x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = 2, y = 2 ⇒ x = 3, y = 2
Therefore, the coordinates of Q are 3, 2.
Let R (x, y) be a point that divides AB in the ratio 3:1.
Then, by the section formula:
(mx +nx )
2 1 (my +ny )
2 1 (3×5 + 1×1) (3×(-2)+1×6) 15+1 -6+6 16 0
x = (m+n) , y = (m+n) ⇒x= 3+1 , y = 3+1 ⇒x= 4 , y = 4 ⇒x = 4, y = 4 ⇒ x = 4 and y = 0
Therefore, the coordinates of R are 4, 0.
Hence, the coordinates of point P, Q and R are 2, 4, 3, 2 and 4, 0 respectively.

Question:41

( )
5
The line segment joining the points A3, − 4 and B1, 2 is trisected at the points P(p, −2) and Q 3, q . Find the values of p and q.

Solution:
Let P and Q be the points of trisection of AB.
Then, P divides AB in the ratio 1:2.
So, the coordinates of P are

( ) ( )
 (mx +nx )
2 1 (my +ny )
2 1
{1×1 + 2×(3)} {1×2+2×(-4)} 1+6 2-8 7 6 7
x = (m+n) , y = (m+n) ⇒x= 1+2 , y = 1+2 ⇒x= 3 , y = 3 ⇒ x = 3 , y = - 3 ⇒ x = 3 , y = -2
7
Hence, the coordinates of P are (3 , −2).
But (p, −2) are the coordinates of P.
7
So, p = 3
Also, Q divides the line AB in the ratio 2:1.
So, the coordinates of Q are
(mx +nx ) (my +ny )
( )
2 1 2 1 (2×1 + 1×3) {2×2+1×(-4)} 2+3 4-4 5 5
x = (m+n) , y = (m+n) ⇒x= 2+1 , y = 2+1 ⇒x= 3 , y = 3 ⇒ x = 3 , y = 0Hence, coordinates of Q are 3, 0 .

( )
5
But the given coordinates of Q are 3, q .

So, q = 0
7
Thus, p = 3 and q = 0

Question:42
Find the coordinates of the midpoints of the line segment joining:

i A3, 0 and B−5, 4

ii P−11, − 8 and Q8, − 2
Solution:
i The given points are A3, 0 and B−5, 4.
Let (x, y) be the mid point of AB. Then:
x 1+x 2 y 1+y 2 3+(-5) 0+4 -2 4
x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = 2, y = 2 ⇒ x = -1, y = 2
Therefore, −1, 2 are the coordinates of mid point of AB.

ii The given points are P−11, − 8 and Q8, − 2.

Let (x, y) be the mid point of PQ. Then:
x 1+x 2 y 1+y 2 -11+8 -8-2 3 10 3
x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = - 2, y = - 2 ⇒ x = - 2 , y = -5

( )
3
Therefore, -2 , -5 are the coordinates of midpoint of PQ.

Question:43
If (2, p) is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A6, − 5 and B−2, 11, find the value of p.
Solution:
The given points are A6, − 5 and B−2, 11.
Let (x, y) be the mid point of AB. Then:
x 1+x 2 y 1+y 2 6+(-2) -5+11 6-2 -5+11 4 6
x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = 2, y = 2 ⇒ x = 2, y = 3
So, the midpoint of AB is 2, 3.
But it is given that the midpoint of AB is (2, p).
Therefore, the value of p = 3.

Question:44
The midpoint of the line segment joining A(2a, 4) and B(−2, 3b) is C(1, 2a + 1). Find the values of a and b.
Solution:
The points are A(2a, 4) and B(−2, 3b).
Let C(1, 2a + 1) be the mid point of AB. Then:
x 1+x 2 y 1+y 2 2a+(-2) 4+3b 4
x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒1 = 2 , 2a + 1 = 2 ⇒ 2 = 2a -2, 4a + 2 = 4 + 3b ⇒ 2a = 2 + 2 , 4a -3b = 4 -2 ⇒ a = 2 , 4a -3b = 2 ⇒ a = 2, 4a -3b = 2Putting the value of a in the equation

Question:45
The line segment joining A−2, 9 and B6, 3 is a diameter of a circle with centre C. Find the coordinates of C.
Solution:
The given points are A−2, 9 and B6, 3.
Then, C(x, y) is the midpoint of AB.
x 1+x 2 y 1+y 2 -2+6 9+3 4 12
x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = 2 , y = 2 ⇒ x = 2, y = 2 ⇒ x = 2, y = 6
Therefore, the coordinates of point C are 2, 6.

Question:46
Find the coordinates of a point A, where AB is the diameter of a circle with centre C2, −3 and the other end of the diameter is B1, 4.
Solution:
C2, −3 is the centre of the given circle. Let A(a, b) and B1, 4 be the two end-points of the given diameter AB. Then, the coordinates of C are
x = a+12, y =b+42It is given that x = 2 and y = -3.⇒2 =a+12, -3 = b+42⇒4 = a+1 , -6 = b+4⇒a = 4-1, b=-6-4⇒a = 3, b= -10
Therefore, the coordinates of point A are 3, -10.

Question:47
In what ratio does the point P2, 5 divide the join of A8, 2 and B−6, 9?
Solution:
Let the point P2, 5 divide AB in the ratio k : 1.
Then, by section formula, the coordinates of P are
x=-6k+8k+1, y=9k+2k+1It is given that the coordinates of P are P(2, 5).⇒2 = -6k+8k+1, 5 =9k+2k+1⇒2k+2 = -6k+8 , 5k+5 = 9k+2⇒2k+6k = 8-2 , 5-2 =9k-5k⇒8k = 6, 4k = 3⇒k = 68, k = 34
⇒k = 34 in each case.
Therefore, the point P2, 5 divides AB in the ratio 3 : 4.

Question:48
Find the ratio in which the point P34, 512 divides the line segment joining the points
A12, 32 and 2,-5. CBSE 2015
Solution:
Let k : 1 be the ratio in which the point P34, 512 divides the line segment joining the points A12, 32 and 2,-5. Then
34,512=k2+12k+1,k-5+32k+1⇒k2+12k+1=34 and k-5+32k+1=512⇒8k+2=3k+3 and -60k+18=5k+5⇒k=15 and k=15
Hence, the required ratio is 1 : 5.

Question:49
Find the ratio in which the point P(m, 6) divides the join of A−4, 3 and B2, 8. Also, find the value of m.
Solution:
Let the point P(m, 6) divide the line AB in the ratio k : 1.
Then, by the section formula:
x = mx2+nx1m+n, y =my2+ny1m+nThe coordinates of P are (m, 6).m =2k-4k+1 , 6 = 8k+3k+1⇒m(k+1) = 2k-4 , 6k+6 = 8k+3⇒m(k+1) = 2k-4 , 6 -3= 8k - 6k⇒m(k+1) = 2k-4, 2k =3⇒m(k+1) =
Therefore, the point P divides the line AB in the ratio 3 : 2.Now, putting the value of k in the equation m(k+1) = 2k-4, we get:m32+1 = 232-4⇒m3+22 = 3-4⇒5m2 =-1⇒5m = -2⇒m = -25 Therefore
So, the coordinates of P are (-25, 6).

Question:50
Find the ratio in which the point (−3, k) divides the join of A−5, −4 and B−2, 3. Also, find the value of k.
Solution:
Let the point P(−3, k) divide the line AB in the ratio s : 1.
Then, by the section formula:
x = mx2+nx1m+n, y =my2+ny1m+nThe coordinates of P are (-3, k).-3 = -2s-5s+1, k = 3s-4s+1⇒-3s-3 = -2s-5, ks+1 = 3s-4⇒-3s+2s =-5+3, ks+1 = 3s-4⇒-s = -2, ks+1 = 3s-4⇒s =2, ks+1 =
Therefore, the point P divides the line AB in the ratio 2 : 1.Now, putting the value of s in the equation ks+1 = 3s-4, we get:k2+1 = 32-4⇒3k = 6-4⇒3k = 2 ⇒k = 23Therefore, the value of k =
That is, the coordinates of P are (-3, 23).

Question:51
In what ratio is the line segment joining A2, −3 and B5, 6 divided by the x-axis? Also, find the coordinates of the point of division.
Solution:
Let AB be divided by the x-axis in the ratio k : 1 at the point P.
Then, by section formula the coordinates of P are
P=5k+2k+1, 6k-3k+1
But P lies on the x-axis; so, its ordinate is 0.
Therefore, 6k-3k+1=0⇒6k-3 =0⇒6k = 3⇒k =36 ⇒k = 12
Therefore, the required ratio is 12 : 1, which is same as 1 : 2.
Thus, the x-axis divides the line AB in the ratio 1 : 2 at the point P.
Applying k = 12, we get the coordinates of point :
P5k+2k+1, 0 = P5×12+212+1, 0 = P5+421+22, 0 = P93, 0 = P3, 0
Hence, the point of intersection of AB and the x-axis is P3, 0.

Question:52
In what ratio is the line segment joining the points A−2, −3 and B3, 7 divided by the y-axis? Also, find the coordinates of the points of division.
Solution:
Let AB be divided by the x-axis in the ratio k : 1 at the point P.
Then, by section formula the coordinates of P are
P3k-2k+1,7k-3k+1
But P lies on the y-axis; so, its abscissa is 0.
Therefore, 3k-2k+1=0⇒3k-2 =0⇒3k = 2⇒k =23 ⇒k = 23
Therefore, the required ratio is 23 : 1, which is same as 2 : 3.
Thus, the x-axis divides the line AB in the ratio 2:3 at the point P.
Applying k=23, we get the coordinates of point P:
P0,7k-3k+1 = P0,7×23-323+1 = P0,14-932+33 = P0,55 = P0, 1
Hence, the point of intersection of AB and the x-axis is P0, 1.

Question:53
In what ratio does the line x − y − 2 = 0 divide the line segment joining the points A3, −1 and B8, 9?
Solution:
Let the line x − y − 2 = 0 divide the line segment joining the points A3, −1 and B8, 9 in the ratio k : 1 at P.
Then, the coordinates of P are
P8k+3k+1, 9k-1k+1
Since, P lies on the line x − y − 2 = 0, we have:

8k+3k+1-9k-1k+1-2=0⇒8k+3-9k+1-2k-2=0⇒8k-9k-2k+3+1-2=0⇒-3k+2=0⇒-3k=-2⇒k=23
So, the required ratio is 23 : 1, which is equal to 2 : 3.

Question:54
Find the lengths of the median of ΔABC whose vertices are A0, −1, B2, 1 and C0, 3.
Solution:
The vertices of ΔABC are A0, −1, B2, 1 and C0, 3.
Let AD, BE and CF be the medians of ΔABC.

Let D be the midpoint of BC. So, the coordinates of D are

D2+02,1+32 i.e. D22,42 i.e. D1,2
Let E be the midpoint of AC. So, the coordinates of E are
E0+02,-1+32 i.e. E02,22 i.e. E0,1
Let F be the midpoint of AB. So, the coordinates of F are
F0+22,-1+12 i.e. F22,02 i.e. F1,0
AD = 1-02+2--12 =12+32 = 1+9 = 10 units.BE = 0-22+1-12 =-22+02 = 4+0 = 4 = 2 units.CF = 1-02+0-32 =12+-32 = 1+9 = 10 units.
Therefore, the lengths of the medians: AD = 10 units, BE = 2 units and CF = 10 units

Question:55
Find the centroid of ΔABC whose vertices are A−1, 0, B5, −2 and C8, 2.
Solution:
Here, (x 1 = −1, y 1 = 0), (x 2 = 5, y 2 = −2) and (x 3 = 8, y 3 = 2).
Let G(x, y) be the centroid of the ΔABC. Then,
x = 13x1+x2+x3 = 13-1+5+8 = 1312 = 4y = 13y1+y2+y3 = 130-2+2 = 130 = 0
Hence, the centroid of ΔABC is G4, 0.

Question:56
If G−2, 1 is the centroid of a ΔABC and two of its vertices are A1, −6 and B−5, 2, find the third vertex of the triangle.
Solution:
Two vertices of ΔABC are A1, −6 and B−5, 2. Let the third vertex be C(a, b).
Then the coordinates of its centroid are
C1-5+a3, -6+2+b3C-4+a3, -4+b3
But it is given that G−2, 1 is the centroid. Therefore,
-2 =-4+a3, 1=-4+b3⇒-6 = -4+a , 3 =-4+b⇒-6+4 = a, 3+4 = b⇒a =-2, b= 7
Therefore, the third vertex of ΔABC is C−2, 7.

Question:57
Find the third vertex of ΔABC if two of its vertices are B−3, 1 and C0, −2 and its centroid is at the origin.
Solution:
Two vertices of ΔABC are B−3,1 and C0, −2. Let the third vertex be A(a, b).
Then, the coordinates of its centroid are
-3+0+a3, 1-2+b3 i.e. -3+a3, -1+b3
But it is given that the centroid is at the origin, that is G0, 0. Therefore,
0 =-3+a3, 0=-1+b3⇒0 = -3+a , 0 =-1+b⇒3 = a, 1= b⇒a =3, b= 1
Therefore, the third vertex of ΔABC is A3, 1.

Question:58
Show that the points A3, 1, B0, −2, C1, 1 and D4, 4 are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD.
Solution:
The points are A3, 1, B0, −2, C1, 1 and D4, 4.
Join AC and BD, intersecting at O.

We know that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Midpoint of AC = 3+12,1+12 = 42,22 = 2,1Midpoint of BD = 0+42,-2+42 = 42,22 = 2,1
Thus, the diagonals AC and BD have the same midpoint.
Therefore, ABCD is a parallelogram.

Question:59
If the points Pa, −11, Q5, b, R2, 15 and S1, 1 are the vertices of a parallelogram PQRS, find the values of a and b.
Solution:
The points are P(a, −11), Q(5, b), R2, 15 and S1, 1.

Join PR and QS, intersecting at O.

We know that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.
Therefore, O is the midpoint of PR as well as QS.
Midpoint of PR = a+22,-11+152 = a+22,42 = a+22,2Midpoint of QS = 5+12,b+12 = 62,b+12 = 3,b+12 Therefore, a+22=3, b+12=2⇒a+2 = 6 , b+1 = 4⇒a = 6-2 , b = 4-1⇒a = 4 and b = 3

Question:60
If three consecutive vertices of a parallelogram ABCD are A1, −2, B3, 6 and C5, 10, find its fourth vertex D.
Solution:
Let A1, −2, B3, 6 and C5, 10 be the three vertices of a parallelogram ABCD and the fourth vertex be D(a, b).
Join AC and BD intersecting at O.

We know that the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other.

Therefore, O is the midpoint of AC as well as BD.
Midpoint of AC = 1+52,-2+102 = 62,82 = 3,4Midpoint of BD = 3+a2,6+b2 Therefore, 3+a2 = 3 and 6+b2 = 4⇒3+a =6 and 6+b =8⇒a = 6-3 and b= 8-6⇒a= 3 and b= 2
Therefore, the fourth vertex is D3, 2.

Question:61
In what ratio does y-axis divide the line segment joining the points −4, 7 and 3, −7? CBSE 2012
Solution:
Let y-axis divides the line segment joining the points −4, 7 and 3, −7 in the ratio k : 1. Then
0=3k-4k+1⇒3k=4⇒k=43
Hence, the required ratio is 4 : 3.

Question:62
If the point P12, y lies on the line segment joining the points A3, −5 and B−7, 9 then find the
ratio in which P divides AB. Also, find the value of y.
Solution:
Let the point P12, y divides the line segment joining the points A3, −5 and B−7, 9 in the ratio k : 1. Then
12, y=k-7+3k+1, k9-5k+1⇒-7k+3k+1=12 and 9k-5k+1=y⇒k+1=-14k+6⇒k=13
Now, substituting k=13 in 9k-5k+1=y, we get
93-513+1=y⇒y=9-151+3=-32
Hence, required ratio is 1 : 3 and y=-32.

Question:63
Find the ratio in which the line segment joining the points A3, −3 and B−2, 7 is divided by x-axis.
Also, find the point of division. CBSE 2015
Solution:
The line segment joining the points A3, − 3 and B− 2, 7 is divided by x-axis. Let the required ratio be k : 1. So,
0=k7-3k+1⇒k=37
Now
Point of division=k-2+3k+1, k7-3k+1 =37×-2+337+1, 37×7-337+1 ∵k=37 =-6+213+7, 21-213+7 =32, 0
Hence, the required ratio is 3 : 7 and the point of division is 32, 0.

Question:64
The base QR of an equilateral triangle PQR lies on x-axis. The coordinates of the point Q are −4, 0
and origin is the midpoint of the base. Find the coordinates of the points P and R.
Solution:
Let (x, 0) be the coordinates of R. Then
0=-4+x2⇒x=4
Thus, the coordinates of R are 4, 0.
Here, PQ = QR = PR and the coordinates of P lies on y-axis. Let the coordinates of P be (0, y). Then
PQ=QR⇒PQ2=QR2⇒0+42+y-02=82⇒y2=64-16=48⇒y=±43
Hence, the required coordinates are R4, 0 and P0, 43 or P0, -43.

Question:65
The base BC of an equilateral triangle ABC lies on y-axis. The coordinates of point C are 0, −3.
The origin is the midpoint of the base. Find the coordinates of the points A and B. Also, find
the coordinates of another point D such that ABCD is a rhombus.
Solution:
Let (0, y) be the coordinates of B. Then
0=-3+y2⇒y=3
Thus, the coordinates of B are 0, 3.
Here, AB = BC = AC and by symmetry the coordinates of A lies on x-axis. Let the coordinates of A be (x, 0). Then
AB=BC⇒AB2=BC2⇒x-02+0-32=62⇒x2=36-9=27⇒x=±33
If the coordinates of point A are 33, 0, then the coordinates of D are -33, 0.
If the coordinates of point A are -33, 0, then the coordinates of D are 33, 0.
Hence, the required coordinates are A33, 0, B0, 3 and D-33, 0 or A-33, 0, B0, 3 and D33, 0.

Question:66
Find the ratio in which the point P( −1, y), lying on the line segment joining points A−3, 10 and B6, −8 divides it. Also, find the value of y. Also, find the value of y. CBSE 2013
Solution:
Let k be the ratio in which P( −1, y) divides the line segment joining the points A−3, 10 and B6, −8. Then
-1, y=k6-3k+1, k-8+10k+1⇒k6-3k+1=-1 and y=k-8+10k+1⇒k=27
Substituting k=27 in y=k-8+10k+1, we get
y=-8×27+1027+1=-16+709=6
Hence, the required ratio is 2 : 7 and y = 6.

Question:67
ABCD is a rectangle formed by the points A-1,-1, B-1, 4, C5, 4 and D5, -1. If P, Q, R and S be the mid points of
AB, BC, CD and DA respectively, show that PQRS is a rhombus.
Solution:
Here, the points P, Q, R and S are the mid points of AB, BC, CD and DA respectively. Then
Coordinates of P=-1-12, -1+42=-1, 32Coordinates of Q=-1+52, 4+42=2, 4Coordinates of R=5+52, 4-12=5, 32Coordinates of S=-1+52, -1-12=2, -1
Now
PQ=2+12+4-322=9+254=612QR=5-22+32-42=9+254=612RS=5-22+32+12=9+254=612SP=2+12+-1-322=9+254=612PR=5+12+32-322=36=6QS=2-22+-1-42=25=5
Thus, PQ = QR = RS = SP and PR≠QS therefore PQRS is a rhombus.

Question:68
The midpoint P of the line segment joining the points A−10, 4 and B−2, 0 lies on the line segment joining the points C−9, −4 and D(−4, y). Find the ratio in which P divides CD. Also find
the value of y.
Solution:
The midpoint of AB is -10-22, 4+02=P-6, 2.
Let k be the ratio in which P divides CD. So
-6, 2=k-4-9k+1, ky-4k+1⇒k-4-9k+1=-6 and ky-4k+1=2⇒k=32
Now, substituting k=32 in ky-4k+1=2, we get
y×32-432+1=2⇒3y-85=2⇒y=10+83=6
Hence, the required ratio is 3 : 2 and y = 6.

Question:69
A line intersects the y-axis and x-axis at the points P and Q respectively. If 2, –5 is the midpoint of PQ then find the coordinates of P and Q. CBSE 2017
Solution:
Suppose the line intersects the y-axis at P(0, y) and the x-axis at Q(x, 0).
It is given that 2, –5 is the mid-point of PQ.

Using mid-point formula, we have

x+02,0+y2=2, -5⇒x2, y2=2, -5⇒x2=2 and y2=-5⇒x=4, y=-10
Thus, the coordinates of P and Q are 0, −10 and 4, 0, respectively.

Question:70
In what ratio does the point 2411, y divide the line segment joining the points P2, –2 and Q3, 7? Also, find the value of y. CBSE 2017
Solution:
Let the point P2411, y divides the line PQ in the ratio k : 1.
Then, by the section formula:
x = mx2+nx1m+n, y =my2+ny1m+nThe coordinates of R are 2411, y.2411 =3k+2k+1 , y = 7k-2k+1⇒24(k+1)=33k+22 , y(k+1)=7k-2⇒24k+24=33k+22 , yk+y=7k-2⇒2=9k⇒k=29
Now consider the equation yk+y =7k-2 and put k=29. ⇒29y+y =149-2 ⇒119y =-49⇒y =-411Therefore, the point R divides the line PQ in the ratio 2 : 9.And, the coordinates of R are 2411, -4
Question:71
The midpoints of the sides BC, CA and AB of a ΔABC are D3, 4, E8, 9 and F6, 7 respectively. Find the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle. CBSE 2017
Solution:

Let the coordinates of A, B, C be (x1,y1), (x2,y2) and (x3,y3) respectively.

Because D is the mid-point of BC, using mid-point formula, we have
x2+x32=3 and y2+y32=4⇒x2+x3=6 and y2+y3=8 .....i
Similarly, E is the mid point of AC. Using mid-point formula, we have;
x1+x32=8 and y1+y32=9⇒x1+x3=16 and y1+y3=18 .....ii
Again, F is the mid point of AB. Using mid point formula, we have
x1+x22=6 and y1+y22=7⇒x1+x2=12 and y1+y2=14 .....iii
Adding i, ii and iii, we get
2x1+x2+x3=34 and 2y1+y2+y3=40⇒x1+x2+x3=17 and y1+y2+y3=20 .....iv
On solving equation iv, using equations i, ii and iii, we get
x1=11x2=1x3=5
Similarly,
y1=12y2=2y3=6
Hence, the points are: A11,12, B1,2 and C5,6.

Question:72
If two adjacent vertices of a parallelogram are 3, 2 and –1, 0 and the diagonals intersect at 2, –5 then find the coordinates of the other two vertices. CBSE 2017
Solution:
Let ABCD be the parallelogram with two adjacent vertices A3, 2 and B−1, 0. Suppose O2, −5 be the point of intersection of the diagonals AC and BD.
Let C(x 1, y 1) and D(x 2, y 2) be the coordinates of the other vertices of the parallelogram.

We know that the diagonals of the parallelogram bisect each other. Therefore, O is the mid-point of AC and BD.
Using the mid-point formula, we have
x1+32,y1+22=2,-5⇒x1+32=2 and y1+22=-5⇒x1+3=4 and y1+2=-10⇒x1=4-3=1 and y1=-10-2=-12
So, the coordinates of C are 1, −12.
Also,
x2+-12,y2+02=2,-5⇒x2-12=2 and y22=-5⇒x2-1=4 and y2=-10⇒x2=4+1=5 and y2=-10
So, the coordinates of D are 5, −10.

Question:73
Find the area of ΔABC whose vertices are:

i A1, 2, B−2, 3 and C−3, −4

ii A−5, 7, B−4, −5 and C4, 5
iii A3, 8, B−4, 2 and C5, −1
iv A10, −6, B2, 5 and C−1, 3
Solution:
i A1, 2, B−2, 3 and C−3, −4 are the vertices of ΔABC. Then,
(x 1 = 1, y 1 = 2), (x 2 = −2, y 2 = 3) and (x 3 = −3, y 3 = -4)
Area of triangle ABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2= 1213--4+-2-4-2+-32-3=1213+4-2-6-3-1=127+12+3=1222= 11 sq. units

ii A−5, 7, B−4, −5 and C4, 5 are the vertices of ΔABC. Then,

(x 1 = −5, y 1 = 7), (x 2 = −4, y 2 = −5) and (x 3 = 4, y 3 = 5)
Area of triangle ABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2= 12-5-5-5+-45-7+47--5=12-5-10-4-2+412=1250+8+48=12106= 53 sq. units

iii A3, 8, B−4, 2 and C5, −1 are the vertices of ΔABC. Then,
(x 1 = 3, y 1 = 8), (x 2 = −4, y 2 = 2) and (x 3 = 5, y 3 = −1)
Area of triangle ABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2= 1232--1+-4-1-8+58-2=1232+1-4-9+56=129+36+30=1275= 37.5 sq. units

iv A10, −6, B2, 5 and C−1, −3 are the vertices of ΔABC. Then,
(x 1 = 10, y 1 = −6), (x 2 = 2, y 2 = 5) and (x 3 = −1, y 3 = 3)
Area of triangle ABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2= 12105-3+23--6+-1-6-5=12102+29-1-11=1220+18+11=1249= 24.5 sq. units

Question:74
Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD whose vertices are A3, −1, B9, −5, C14, 0 and D9, 19. CBSE 2012
Solution:
By joining A and C, we get two triangles ABC and ACD.
Let Ax1, y1=A3, -1, Bx2, y2=B9, -5, Cx3, y3=C14, 0 and Dx4, y4=D9, 19. Then
Area of ΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =123-5-0+90+1+14-1+5 =12-15+9+56=25 sq. units
Area of ΔACD=12x1y3-y4+x3y4-y1+x4y1-y3 =1230-19+1419+1+9-1-0 =12-57+280-9=107 sq. units
So, the area of the quadrilateral is 25 + 107 = 132 sq. units.

Question:75
Find the area of quadrilateral PQRS whose vertices are P−5, −3, Q−4, −6, R2, −3 and S1, 2.
CBSE 2015
Solution:
By joining P and R, we get two triangles PQR and PRS.
Let Px1, y1=P-5, -3, Qx2, y2=Q-4, -6, Rx3, y3=R2, -3 and Sx4, y4=S1, 2. Then
Area of ΔPQR=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =12-5-6+3-4-3+3+2-3+6 =1215-0+6=212 sq. units
Area of ΔPRS=12x1y3-y4+x3y4-y1+x4y1-y3 =12-5-3-2+22+3+1-3+3 =1225+10+0=352 sq. units
So, the area of the quadrilateral PQRS is 212+352=28 sq. units sq. units.

Question:76
Find the area of quadrilateral ABCD whose vertices are A−3, −1, B−2, −4, C4, −1 and D3, 4.
CBSE 2013C
Solution:
By joining A and C, we get two triangles ABC and ACD.
Let Ax1, y1=A-3, -1, Bx2, y2=B-2, -4, Cx3, y3=C4, -1 and Dx4, y4=D3, 4. Then
Area of ΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =12-3-4+1-2-1+1+4-1+4 =129-0+12=212 sq. units
Area of ΔACD=12x1y3-y4+x3y4-y1+x4y1-y3 =12-3-1-4+44+1+3-1+1 =1215+20+0=352 sq. units
So, the area of the quadrilateral ABCD is 212+352=28 sq. units sq. units.

Question:77
If A–7, 5, B–6, –7, C–3, –8 and D2, 3 are the vertices of a quadrilateral ABCD then find the area of the quadrilateral.
Solution:

Consider the figure.

Construction: Produce AC by joining points A to C to form two triangles, ΔABC and ΔADC.
In ΔABC,
x1=-7, x2=-6 and x3=-3; y1=5, y2=-7 and y3=-8
We know that,
ar(ΔABC)=12(x1)(y2-y3)+(x2)(y3-y1)+(x3)(y1-y2)⇒ar(ΔABC)=12(-7)(-7+8)+(-6)(-8-5)+(-3)(5+7)⇒ar(ΔABC)=12(-7)(1)+(-6)(-13)+(-3)(12)⇒ar(ΔABC)=12(-7)+78+(-36)⇒ar(ΔABC)=1235⇒ar(ΔABC)=35
Similarly, in ΔADC,
x1=-7, x2=2, x3=-3, y1=5, y2=3 and y3=-8
⇒ar(ΔADC)=12(-7)(3+8)+(2)(-8-5)+(-3)(5-3)⇒ar(ΔADC)=12(-7)(11)+(2)(-13)+(-3)(2)⇒ar(ΔADC)=12(-77)-26-6⇒ar(ΔADC)=12-109⇒ar(ΔADC)=1092 sq. units
Now, arquad. ABCD = ar(ΔABC)+ar(ΔADC)

arquad. ABCD = 352+1092=1442=72

Therefore, area of quadrilateral ABCD is 72 sq. units

Disclaimer: The answer thus calculated does not match with the answer given in the book.

Question:78
Find area of the triangle formed by joining the midpoints of the sides of the triangle
whose vertices are A2, 1, B4, 3 and C2, 5.
Solution:
The vertices of the triangle are A2, 1, B4, 3 and C2, 5.
Coordinates of midpoint of AB=Px1, y1=2+42,1+32=3, 2Coordinates of midpoint of BC=Qx2, y2=4+22,3+52=3, 4Coordinates of midpoint of AC=Rx3, y3=2+22,1+52=2, 3
Now
Area of ΔPQR=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =1234-3+33-2+22-4 =123+3-4=1 sq. unit
Hence, the area of the required triangle is 1 sq. unit.

Question:79
A7, −3, B5, 3, C3, −1 are the vertices of a ΔABC and AD is its median. Prove that the median
AD divides ΔABC into two triangles of equal areas.
Solution:
The vertices of the triangle are A7, −3, B5, 3, C3, −1.
Coordinates of D=5+32,3-12=4, 1
For the area of the triangle ADC, let Ax1,y1=A7,-3, Dx2,y2=D4,1 and Cx3,y3=C3,-1. Then
Area of ΔADC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =1271+1+4-1+3+3-3-1 =1214+8-12=5 sq. unit
Now, for the area of triangle ABD, let Ax1, y1=A7,-3, Bx2, y2=B5, 3 and Dx3, y3=D4, 1. Then
Area of ΔABD=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =1273-1+51+3+4-3-3 =1214+20-24=5 sq. unit
Thus, AreaΔADC=AreaΔABD=5 sq. units.
Hence, AD divides ΔABC into two triangles of equal areas.

Question:80
Find the area of ΔABC with A1, −4 and midpoints of sides through A being (2, −1) and 0, −1. CBSE 2015
Solution:
Let x2, y2 and x3, y3 be the coordinates of B and C respectively. Since, the coordinates of A are 1, −4, therefore
1+x22=2⇒x2=3-4+y22=-1⇒y2=21+x32=0⇒x3=-1-4+y32=-1⇒y3=2
Let Ax1, y1=A1, -4, Bx2, y2=B3, 2 and Cx3, y3=C-1, 2. Now
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =1212-2+32+4-1-4-2 =120+18+6 =12 sq. units
Hence, the area of the triangle ΔABC is 12 sq. units.

Question:81
A6, 1, B8, 2 and C9, 4 are the vertices of a parallelogram ABCD. If E is the midpoint of DC, find the area of ΔADE.
CBSE 2015
Solution:
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of D and x', y' be the coordinates of E. Since, the diagonals of a parallelogram bisect
each other at the same point, therefore
x+82=6+92⇒x=7y+22=1+42⇒y=3
Thus, the coordinates of D are 7, 3.
E is the midpoint of DC, therefore
x'=7+92⇒x'=8y'=3+42⇒y'=72
Thus, the coordinates of E are 8, 72.
Let Ax1, y1=A6, 1, Ex2, y2=E8, 72 and Dx3, y3=D7, 3. Now
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =12672-3+83-1+71-72 =1232 =34 sq. unit
Hence, the area of the triangle ΔADE is 34 sq. units.
Question:82
i If the vertices of ΔABC be A1, −3, B(4, p) and C−9, 7 and its area is 15 square units, find the values of p. CBSE 2012
ii The area of a triangle is 5 sq units. Two of its vertices are 2, 1 and 3, –2. If the third vertex is 72, y, find the value of y. CBSE 2017
Solution:
i Let Ax1, y1=A1, -3, Bx2, y2=B4, p and Cx3, y3=C-9, 7. Now
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2⇒15=121p-7+47+3-9-3-p⇒15=1210p+60⇒10p+60=30
Therefore
⇒10p+60=-30 or 30⇒10p=-90 or -30⇒p=-9 or -3
Hence, p=-9 or p=-3.

ii
Let Ax1, y1=A2, 1, Bx2, y2=B3,-2 and Cx3, y3=C72,y.
Now
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2⇒5=122-2-y+3y-1+721+2⇒10=-4-2y+3y-3+212⇒10=y+72⇒10=y+72 or -10=y+72 ⇒y=132 or y = -272
Hence, y = 132 or -272.

Question:83
Find the value of k so that the area of the triangle with vertices A(k + 1, 1), B4, −3 and C(7, −k) is 6 square units.
Solution:
Let Ax1, y1=Ak+1, 1, Bx2, y2=B4, -3 and Cx3, y3=C7, -k. Now
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2⇒6=12k+1-3+k+4-k-1+71+3⇒6=12k2-2k-3-4k-4+28⇒k2-6k+9=0
⇒k-32=0⇒k=3
Hence, k = 3.

Question:84
For what value of k (k > 0) is the area of the triangle with vertices −2, 5, (k, −4) and
(2k + 1, 10) equal to 53 square units?
Solution:
Let Ax1=-2, y1=5, Bx2=k, y2=-4 and Cx3=2k+1, y3=10 be the vertices of
the triangle. So
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2⇒53=12-2-4-10+k10-5+2k+15+4⇒53=1228+5k+92k+1⇒28+5k+18k+9=106

⇒37+23k=106⇒23k=106-37=69⇒k=6923=3
Hence, k = 3.

Question:85
Show that the following points are collinear:

i A2, −2, B−3, 8 and C−1, 4

ii A−5, 1, B5, 5 and C10, 7
iii A5, 1, B1, −1 and C11, 4
iv A8, 1, B3, −4 and C2, −5
Solution:
i
Let A(x 1 = 2, y 1 = −2), B(x 2 = −3, y 2 = 8) and C(x 3 = −1, y 3 = 4) be the given points. Now
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=28-4+-34+2+-1-2-8=8-18+10=0
Hence, the given points are collinear.

ii
Let A(x 1 = −5, y 1 = 1), B(x 2 = 5, y 2 = 5) and C(x 3 = 10, y 3 = 7) be the given points. Now
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=-55-7+57-1+101-5=-5-2+56+10-4=10+30-40=0
Hence, the given points are collinear.

iii
Let A(x 1 = 5, y 1 = 1), B(x 2 = 1, y 2 = −1) and C(x 3 = 11, y 3 = 4) be the given points. Now
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=5-1-4+14-1+111+1=-25+3+22=0
Hence, the given points are collinear.

iv
Let A(x 1 = 8, y 1 = 1), B(x 2 = 3, y 2 = −4) and C(x 3 = 2, y 3 = −5) be the given points. Now
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=8-4+5+3-5-1+21+4=8-18+10=0
Hence, the given points are collinear.

Question:86
Find the value of x for which the points Ax, 2, B-3, -4 and C7, -5 are collinear. CBSE 2015
Solution:
Let Ax1, y1=Ax, 2, Bx2, y2=B-3, -4 and Cx3, y3=C7, -5. So, the condition for three collinear points is
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒x-4+5-3-5-2+72+4=0⇒x+21+42=0⇒x=-63
Hence, x = − 63.

Question:87
For what value of x are the points A−3, 12, B7, 6 and C(x, 9) collinear?
Solution:
A−3, 12, B7, 6 and C(x, 9) are the given points. Then:
(x 1 = −3, y 1 = 12), (x 2 = 7, y 2 = 6) and (x 3 = x, y 3 = 9)
It is given that the points A, B and C are collinear. Therefore,
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒-36-9+79-12+x12-6=0⇒-3-3+7-3+x6=0⇒9-21+6x=0⇒6x-12=0⇒6x = 12⇒x =126 =2
Therefore, when x= 2, the given points are collinear.

Question:88
For what value of y, are the points P1, 4, Q(3, y) and R−3, 16 collinear?
Solution:
P1, 4, Q(3, y) and R−3, 16 are the given points. Then:
(x 1 = 1, y 1 = 4), (x 2 = 3, y 2 = y) and (x 3 = −3, y 3 = 16)
It is given that the points P, Q and R are collinear.
Therefore,
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒1y-16+316-4+-34-y=0⇒1y-16+312-34-y=0⇒y-16+36-12+3y=0⇒8+4y=0⇒4y = -8⇒y =-84 =-2
When y = −2, the given points are collinear.

Question:89
Find the value of y for which the points A−3, 9, B(2, y) and C4, −5 are collinear.
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = −3, y 1 = 9), B(x 2 = 2, y 2 = y) and C(x 3 = 4, y 3 = −5) be the given points.
The given points are collinear if
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒-3y+5+2-5-9+49-y=0⇒-3y-15-28+36-4y=0⇒7y=36-43
⇒y=-1

Question:90
For what values of k are the points A8, 1, B(3, −2k) and C(k, −5) collinear? CBSE 2015
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = 8, y 1 = 1), B(x 2 = 3, y 2 = −2k) and C(x 3 = k, y 3 = −5) be the given points.
The given points are collinear if
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒8-2k+5+3-5-1+k1+2k=0⇒-16k+40-18+k+2k2=0⇒2k2-15k+22=0
⇒2k2-11k-4k+22=0⇒k2k-11-22k-11=0⇒k-22k-11=0⇒k=2 or k=112
Hence, k=2 or k=112.

Question:91
Find a relation between x and y, if the points A2, 1, B(x, y) and C7, 5 are collinear. CBSE 2009C
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = 2, y 1 = 1), B(x 2 = x, y 2 = y) and C(x 3 = 7, y 3 = 5) be the given points.
The given points are collinear if
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒2y-5+x5-1+71-y=0⇒2y-10+4x+7-7y=0⇒4x-5y-3=0
Hence, the required relation is 4x − 5y − 3 = 0.

Question:92
Find a relation between x and y, if the points A(x, y), B(−5, 7) and C(−4, 5) are collinear. CBSE 2015
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = x, y 1 = y), B(x 2 = −5, y 2 = 7) and C(x 3 = −4, y 3 = 5) be the given points.
The given points are collinear if
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒x7-5+-55-y+-4y-7=0⇒7x-5x-25+5y-4y+28=0⇒2x+y+3=0
Hence, the required relation is 2x + y + 3 = 0.

Question:93
Prove that the points A(a, 0), B(0, b) and C1, 1 are collinear if 1a+1b=1.
Solution:
Consider the points A(a, 0), B(0, b) and C1, 1.
Here, (x 1 = a, y 1 = 0), (x 2 = 0, y 2 = b) and (x 3 = 1, y 3 = 1).
It is given that the points are collinear. So,
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 = 0⇒ab-1+01-0+10-b=0⇒ab-a-b = oDividing the equation by ab:⇒1-1b-1a = 0⇒1-1a+1b = 0⇒1a+1b=1
Therefore, the given points are collinear if 1a+1b = 1.

Question:94
If the points P−3, 9, Q(a, b) and R(4, −5) are collinear and a + b = 1, find the values of a and b. CBSE 2014
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = −3, y 1 = 9), B(x 2 = a, y 2 = b) and C(x 3 = 4, y 3 = −5) be the given points.
The given points are collinear if
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒-3b+5+a-5-9+49-b=0⇒-3b-15-14a+36-4b=0⇒2a+b=3
Now, solving a + b = 1 and 2a + b = 3, we get a = 2 and b = −1.
Hence, a = 2 and b = −1.

Question:95
Find the area of ΔABC with vertices A0, −1, B2, 1 and C0, 3. Also, find the area of the triangle formed
by joining the midpoints of its sides. Show that the ratio of the areas of two triangles is 4 : 1. CBSE 2014
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = 0, y 1 = −1), B(x 2 = 2, y 2 = 1) and C(x 3 = 0, y 3 = 3) be the given points. Then
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =1201-3+23+1+0-1-1 =12×8=4 sq. units
So, the area of the triangle ΔABC is 4 sq. units.
Let D(a1, b1), E(a2, b2) and F(a3, b3) be the midpoints of AB, BC and AC respectively. Then
a1=0+22=1 b1=-1+12=0a2=2+02=1 b2=1+32=2a3=0+02=0 b3=-1+32=1
Thus, the coordinates of D, E and F are D(a1 = 1, b1 = 0), E(a2 = 1, b2 = 2) and F(a3 = 0, b3 = 1). Now
AreaΔDEF=12a1b2-b3+a2b3-b1+a3b1-b2 =1212-1+11-0+00-2 =121+1+0=1 sq. unit
So, the area of the triangle ΔDEF is 1 sq. unit.
Hence, ΔABC : ΔDEF=4 : 1.

Question:96
If a ≠ b ≠ c, prove that (a, a2), (b, b2), 0, 0 will not be collinear. CBSE 2017
Solution:
Let A(a, a2), B(b, b2) and C0, 0 be the coordinates of the given points.
We know that the area of triangle having vertices x1, y1, x2, y2 and x3, y3 is 12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 square units.
So,
Area of ΔABC
=12ab2-0+b0-a2+0a2-b2=12ab2-a2b=12abb-a≠0 ∵a≠b≠0
Since the area of the triangle formed by the points (a, a2), (b, b2) and 0, 0 is not zero, so the given points are not collinear.

Question:97
Points A(−1, y) and B5, 7 lie on a circle with centre O(2, −3y). Find the values of y. CBSE 2014
Solution:
The given points are A(−1, y), B5, 7 and O(2, −3y).
Here, AO and BO are the radii of the circle. So
AO=BO⇒AO2=BO2⇒2+12+-3y-y2=2-52+-3y-72⇒9+4y2=-32+3y+72⇒9+16y2=9+9y2+49+42y
⇒7y2-42y-49=0⇒y2-6y-7=0⇒y2-7y+y-7=0⇒yy-7+1y-7=0
⇒y-7y+1=0⇒y=-1 or y=7
Hence, y = 7 or y = −1.

Question:98
If the point A0, 2 is equidistant from the points B(3, p) and C(p, 5), find p. CBSE 2014
Solution:
The given points are A0, 2, B(3, p) and C(p, 5).
AB=AC⇒AB2=AC2⇒3-02+p-22=p-02+5-22⇒9+p2-4p+4=p2+9⇒4p=4⇒p=1
Hence, p = 1.

Question:99
ABCD is a rectangle whose three vertices are B4, 0, C4, 3 and D0, 3. Find the length of one of its diagonal.
CBSE 2014
Solution:
The given vertices are B4, 0, C4, 3 and D0, 3. Here, BD is one of the diagonals. So
BD=4-02+0-32 =42+-32 =16+9 =25 =5
Hence, the length of the diagonal is 5 units..

Question:100
If the point P(k − 1, 2) is equidistant from the points A(3, k) and B(k, 5), find the values of k. CBSE 2014
Solution:
The given points are P(k − 1, 2), A(3, k) and B(k, 5).
∵ AP=BP∴ AP2=BP2⇒k-1-32+2-k2=k-1-k2+2-52⇒k-42+2-k2=-12+-32
⇒k2-8y+16+4+k2-4k=1+9⇒k2-6y+5=0⇒k-1k-5=0⇒k=1 or k=5
Hence, k = 1 or k = 5.

Question:101
Find the ratio in which the point P(x, 2) divides the join of A12, 5 and B4, −3. CBSE 2014
Solution:
Let k be the ratio in which the point P(x, 2) divides the line joining the points A(x 1 = 12, y 1 = 5) and B(x 2 = 4, y 2 = −3). Then
x=k×4+12k+1 and 2=k×-3+5k+1
Now
2=k×-3+5k+1⇒2k+2=-3k+5⇒k=35
Hence, the required ratio is 3 : 5.

Question:102
Prove that the diagonals of a rectangle ABCD with vertices A2, −1, B5, −1, C5, 6 and D2, 6 are
equal and bisect each other. CBSE 2014
Solution:
The vertices of the rectangle ABCD are A2, −1, B5, −1, C5, 6 and D2, 6. Now
Coordinates of midpoint of AC=2+52, -1+62=72, 52Coordinates of midpoint of BD=5+22, -1+62=72, 52
Since, the midpoints of AC and BD coincide, therefore the diagonals of rectangle ABCD bisect each other.

Question:103
Find the lengths of the medians AD and BE of ΔABC whose vertices are A7, −3, B5, 3 and C3, −1. CBSE 2014
Solution:
The given vertices are A7, −3, B5, 3 and C3, −1.
Since D and E are the midpoints of BC and AC respectively, therefore
Coordinates of D=5+32, 3-12=4, 1Coordinates of E=7+32, -3-12=5, -2
Now
AD=7-42+-3-12=9+16=5BE=5-52+3+22=0+25=5
Hence, AD = BE = 5 units.

Question:104
If the point C(k, 4) divides the join of A2, 6 and B5, 1 in the ratio 2 : 3 then find the value of k. CBSE 2013C
Solution:
Here, the point C(k, 4) divides the join of A2, 6 and B5, 1 in the ratio 2 : 3. So
k=2×5+3×22+3 =10+65 =165
Hence, k=165.

Question:105
Find the point on x-axis which is equidistant from points A−1, 0 and B5, 0. CBSE 2013C
Solution:
Let P(x, 0) be the point on x-axis. Then
AP=BP⇒AP2=BP2⇒x+12+0-02=x-52+0-02⇒x2+2x+1=x2-10x+25⇒12x=24⇒x=2
Hence, x = 2.

Question:106
Find the distance between the points -85,2 and 25,2.
Solution:
The given points are A-85,2 and B25,2.
Then, x1=-85, y1=2 and x2=25, y2=2
Therefore,
AB=x2-x12+y2- y12 =25--852+2-22 =22+02 =4+0 =4 =2 units

Question:107
Find the value of a, so that the point (3, a) lies on the line 2x − 3y = 5.
Solution:
The point 3, a lies on the line 2x-3y=5.If point 3, a lies on the line 2x-3y=5 , then2x-3y=5⇒2×3-3×a=5
⇒6-3a=5⇒3a=1⇒a=13
Hence, the value of a is 13.
Question:108
If the points A4, 3 and B(x, 5) lie on the circle with centre O2, 3, find the value of x.
Solution:
The given points A4, 3 and Bx, 5 lie on the circle with centre O2,3.Then, OA = OB⇒ x-22+5-32=4-22+3-32⇒x-22+22=22+02⇒x-22=22-22⇒x-22=0⇒x-2=0⇒x=2
Hence, the value of x=2.

Question:109
If P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A7, 1 and B3, 5, find the relation between x and y.
Solution:
Let the point Px, y be equidistant from the points A7, 1 and B3, 5.
Then,
PA=PB⇒PA2=PB2⇒x-72+y-12=x-32+y-52⇒x2+y2-14x-2y+50=x2+y2-6x-10y+34⇒8x-8y=16⇒x-y=2

Question:110
If the centroid of ΔABC, which has vertices A(a, b), B(b, c) and C(c, a), is the origin, find the value of (a + b + c).
Solution:
The given points are A(a, b), B(b, c) and C(c, a).
Here,
x1=a, y1=b, x2=b, y2=c and x3=c, y3=a
Let the centroid be x, y.
Then,
x=13x1+x2+x3 =13a+b+c =a+b+c3y=13 y1+ y2+ y3 =13b+c+a =a+b+c3
But it is given that the centroid of the triangle is the origin.
Then, we have:
a+b+c3=0⇒a+b+c=0

Question:111
Find the centroid of ΔABC whose vertices are A2, 2, B−4, −4 and C5, −8.
Solution:
The given points are A2, 2, B−4, −4 and C5, −8.
Here, x1=2, y1=2, x2=-4, y2=-4 and x3=5, y3=-8
Let G(x, y) be the centroid of ΔABC. Then,
x=13x1+x2+x3 =132-4+5 =1
y=13y1+y2+y3 =132-4-8 =-103
Hence, the centroid of ΔABC is G1,-103.

Question:112
In what ratio does the point C4, 5 divide the join of A2, 3 and B7, 8?
Solution:
Let the required ratio be k : 1.
Then, by section formula, the coordinates of C are
C7k+2k+1,8k+3k+1
Therefore,
7k+2k+1=4 and 8k+3k+1=5 ∵ C4, 5 is given⇒7k+2=4k+4 and 8k+3=5k+5 ⇒3k=2 and 3k=2
⇒k=23in each case
So, the required ratio is 23:1, which is same as 2:3.

Question:113
If the points A2, 3 B(4, k) and C6, −3 are collinear, find the value of k.
Solution:
The given points are A2, 3, B4, k and C6, -3.
Here, x1=2, y1=3, x2=4, y2=k and x3=6, y3=-3
It is given that the points A, B and C​ are collinear. Then,
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒2k+3+4-3-3+63-k=0⇒2k+6-24+18-6k=0⇒-4k=0⇒k=0

Question:114
The distance of the point P−6, 8 from the origin is CBSE 2013C
a8 b 27 c6 d 10
Solution:
The distance of a point (x, y) from the origin O0, 0 is x2+y2.
Let P(x = −6, y = 8) be the given point. Then
OP=x2+y2 =-62+82 =36+64 =100=10
Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Question:115
The distance of the point −3, 4 from x-axis is CBSE 2012
a3 b −3 c4 d5
Solution:
The distance of a point (x, y) from x-axis is y.
Here, the point is −3, 4. So, its distance from x-axis is 4=4.
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:116
The point on x-axis which is equidistant from points A−1, 0 and B5, 0 is CBSE 2013
a 0, 2 b 2, 0 c 3, 0 d 0, 3
Solution:
Let P(x, 0) the point on x-axis, then
AP=BP⇒AP2=BP2⇒x+12+0-02=x-52+0-02⇒x2+2x+1=x2-10x+25⇒12x=24⇒x=2
Thus, the required point is 2, 0.
Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Question:117
If R5, 6 is the midpoint of the line segment AB joining the points A6, 5 and B(4, y) then y equals
a5 b7 c 12 d6
Solution:
Since R5, 6 is the midpoint of the line segment AB joining the points A6, 5 and B(4, y), therefore
5+y2=6⇒5+y=12⇒y=12-5=7
Hence, the correct option is b.

Question:118
If the point C(k, 4) divides the join of the points A2, 6 and B5, 1 in the ratio 2 : 3 then the value of k
is CBSE 2013C
a 16 b 285 c 165 d 85
Solution:
The point C(k, 4) divides the join of the points A2, 6 and B5, 1 in the ratio 2 : 3. So
k=2×5+3×22+3=10+65=165
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:119
The perimeter of the triangle with vertices 0, 4, 0, 0 and 3, 0 is CBSE 2014
a 7+5 b5 c 10 d 12
Solution:
Let A0, 4, B0, 0 and C3, 0 be the given vertices. So
AB=0-02+4-02=16=4BC=0-32+0-02=9=3AC=0-32+4-02=9+16=5
Therefore
AB + BC + AC = 4 + 3 + 5 = 12
Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Question:120
If A1, 3, B−1, 2 and C2, 5 and D(x, 4) are the vertices of a ||gm ABCD then the value of x is CBSE 2012
a3 b4 c0 d 32
Solution:
The diagonals of a parallelogram bisect each other. The vertices of the ||gm ABCD are A1, 3, B−1, 2 and C2, 5 and D(x, 4).
Here, AC and BD are the diagonals. So
1+22=-1+x2⇒x-1=3⇒x=1+3=4
Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Question:121
If the points A(x, 2), B−3, −4 and C7, −5 are collinear then the value of x is CBSE 2014
a −63 b 63 c 60 d −60
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = x, y 1 = 2), B(x 2 = −3, y 2 = −4) and C(x 3 = 7, y 3 = −5) be collinear points. Then
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒x-4+5+-3-5-2+72+4=0⇒x+21+42=0⇒x=-63
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:122
The area of a triangle with vertices A5, 0, B8, 0 and C8, 4 in square units is CBSE 2012
a 20 b 12 c6 d 16
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = 5, y 1 = 0), B(x 2 = 8, y 2 = 0) and C(x 3 = 8, y 3 = 4) be the vertices of the triangle. Then
AreaΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =1250-4+84-0+80-0 =12-20+32+0 =6 sq. units
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:123
The area of ΔABO with vertices A(a, 0), O0, 0 and B(0, b) in square units is
a ab (b) 12ab c 12a2b2 d 12b2
Solution:
Let A(x 1 = a, y 1 = 0), O(x 2 = 0, y 2 = 0) and B(x 3 = 0, y 3 = b) be the given vertices. So
AreaΔABO=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2 =12a0-b+0b-0+00-0 =12-ab= =12ab
Hence, the correct answer is b.

Question:124
If Pa2, 4 is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A−6, 5 and B−2, 3 then the value of a is CBSE 2011
a −8 (b) 3 c −4 d4
Solution:
The point Pa2, 4 is the midpoint of the line segment joining the points A−6, 5 and B−2, 3. So
a2=-6-22⇒a2=-4⇒a=-8
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:125
ABCD is a rectangle whose three vertices are B4, 0, C4, 3 and D0, 3. The length of one of its diagonals is CBSE 2014
a5 (b) 4 c3 d 25
Solution:
Here, AC and BD are two diagonals of the rectangle ABCD. So
BD=4-02+0-32 =42+-32 =16+9 =25 =5 units
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:126
The coordinates of the point P dividing the line segment joining the points A1, 3 and B4, 6 in the ratio 2 : 1 is CBSE 2012
a 2, 4 (b) 3, 5 c 4, 2 d 5, 3
Solution:
Here, the point P divides the line segment joining the points A1, 3 and B4, 6 in the ratio 2 : 1. Then
Coordinates of P=2×4+1×12+1, 2×6+1×32+1 =8+13, 12+33 =93, 153 =3, 5
Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Question:127
If the coordinates of one end of a diameter of a circle are 2, 3 and the coordinates of its centre are −2, 5, then the coordinates of the other end of the diameter are CBSE 2012
a −6, 7 (b) 6, −7 c 4, 2 d 5, 3
Solution:
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of the other end of the diameter. Then
-2=2+x2⇒x=-65=3+y2⇒y=7
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:128
In the given figure P5, −3 and Q(3, y) are the points of trisection of the line segment
joining A7, −2 and B1, −5. Then, y equals CBSE 2012

a2 (b) 4 c −4 d -52
Solution:
Here, AQ : BQ = 2 : 1. Then
y=2×-5+1×-22+1 =-10-23 =-4
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:129
The midpoint of segment AB is P0, 4. If the coordinates of B are −2, 3, then the coordinates of A are CBSE 2011
a 2, 5 (b) −2, −5 c 2, 9 d −2, 11
Solution:
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of A. Then
0=-2+x2⇒x=24=3+y2⇒y=8-3=5
Thus, the coordinates of A are 2, 5.
Hence, the correct answer is option a.

Question:130
The point P which divides the line segment joining the points A2, −5 and B5, 2 in the ratio 2 : 3 lies in the quadrant CBSE 2011
aI (b) II c III d IV
Solution:
Let (x, y) be the coordinates of P. Then
x=2×5+3×22+3=10+65=165y=2×2+3×-52+3=4-155=-115
Thus, the coordinates of point P are 165, -115 and so it lies in the fourth quadrant.
Hence, the correct answer is option d.

Question:131
If A−6, 7 and B−1, −5 are two given points then the distance 2AB is CBSE 2011
a 13 (b) 26 c 169 d 238
Solution:
The given points are A−6, 7 and B−1, −5. So
AB=-6+12+7+52 =-52+122 =25+144 =169 =13
Thus, 2AB = 26.
Hence, the correct answer is option b.

Question:132
Which point on x-axis is equidistant from the points A7, 6 and B−3, 4?
a 0, 4 (b) −4, 0 c 3, 0 d 0, 3
Solution:
Let P(x, 0) be the point on x-axis. Then as per the question
AP=BP⇒AP2=BP2⇒x-72+0-62=x+32+0-42⇒x2-14x+49+36=x2+6x+9+16⇒60=20x⇒x=6020=3
Thus, the required point is 3, 0.
Hence, the correct answer is option c.

Question:133
The distance of the point P3, 4 from the x-axis is

a 3 units
b 4 units
c 7 units
d 1 unit
Solution:
b 4 units
The y-coordinate is the distance of the point from the x-axis.
Here, the y-coordinate is 4.

Question:134
In what ratio does the x-axis divide the join of A2, −3 and B5, 6?

a2:3
b3:5
c1:2
d2:1
Solution:
c1:2
Let AB be divided by the x axis in the ratio k : 1 at the point P.
Then, by section formula, the coordinates of P are
P5k+2k+1,6k-3k+1
But P lies on the x axis: so, its ordinate is 0.
6k-3k+1=0
⇒6k-3=0
⇒6k=3
⇒k=12
Hence, the required ratio is 12 : 1, which is same as 1 : 2.

Question:135
In what ratio does the y-axis divide the join of P−4, 2 and Q8, 3?
a3:1
b1:3
c2:1
d1:2
Solution:
d1:2
Let AB be divided by the y axis in the ratio k : 1 at the point P.
Then, by section formula, the coordinates of P are
P8k-4k+1,3k+2k+1
But, P lies on the y axis; so, its abscissa is 0.
⇒8k-4k+1=0
⇒8k-4=0
⇒8k=4
⇒k=12
Hence, the required ratio is 12 : 1, which is same as 1 : 2.

Question:136
If P−1, 1 is the midpoint of the line segment joining A(−3, b) and B(1, b + 4), then b = ?

a1
b −1
c2
d0
Solution:
b −1
The given points are A(−3, b) and B(1, b+4).
Then, x1=-3, y1=b and x2=1, y2=b+4
Therefore,
x=-3+12 =-22 =-1
and
y=b+b+42 =2b+42 =b+2
But the midpoint is P-1, 1.
Therefore,
b+2=1⇒b=-1

Question:137
The line 2x + y −4 = 0 divides the line segment joining A2, −2 and B3, 7 in the ratio

a2:5
b2:9
c2:7
d2:3
Solution:
b2:9
Let the line​ 2x+y-4=0 divide the line segment in the ratio k : 1 at the point P.
Then, by section formula, the coordinates of P are
P3k+2k+1,7k-2k+1
Since P lies on the line 2x+y-4=0 , we have:
23k+2k+1+7k-2k+1-4=0⇒6k+4+7k-2-4k+4=0⇒9k=2⇒k=29
Hence, the required ratio is 29 : 1, which is same as 2 : 9.

Question:138
If A4, 2, B6, 5 and C1, 4 be the vertices of ΔABC and AD is median, then the coordinates of D are

a 52,3
b 5,72
c 72,92
d None of these
Solution:
c 72,92
D is the midpoint of BC.
So, the coordinates of D are
D6+12,5+42 B6, 5 and C1, 4⇒x1=6, y1=5 and x2=1, y2=4i.e. D72, 92

Question:139
If A−1, 0, B5, −2 and C8, 2 are the vertices of a ΔABC, then its centroid is

a 12, 0
b 6, 0
c 0, 6
d 4, 0
Solution:
d 4, 0
The given points are A-1, 0, B5, -2 and C8, 2.
Here, x1=-1, y1=0, x2=5, y2=-2 and x3=8, y3=2
Let G(x, y) be the centroid of ΔABC. Then,
x=13x1+x2+x3 =13-1+5+8 =4
and
y=13y1+y2+y3 =130-2+2 =0
Hence, the centroid of ΔABC is G4, 0.

Question:140
Two vertices of ΔABC are A−1, 4 and B5, 2 and its centroid is G0, −3. Then, the coordinates of C are

a 4, 3
b 4, 15
c −4, −15
d −15, −4
Solution:
c −4, −15
Two vertices of ΔABC are A-1,4 and B5,2.
Let the third vertex be C(a, b).
Then, the coordinates of its centroid are
G-1+5+a3,4+2+b3i.e. G4+a3,6+b3
But it is given that the centroid is G0,-3.
Therefore,
4+a3=0 and 6+b3=-3
⇒4+a=0 and 6+b=-9
⇒a=-4 and b=-15
Hence, the third vertex of ΔABC is C-4, -15.

Question:141
The points A−4, 0, B4, 0 and C0, 3 are the vertices of a triangle, which is

a isosceles
b equilateral
c scalene
d right-angled
Solution:
a isosceles
Let A−4, 0, B4, 0 and C0, 3 be the given points. Then,
AB=4+42+0-02 =82+02 =64+0 =64 =8 unitsBC=0-42+3-02 =-42+32 =16+9 =25 =5 unitsAC=0+42+3-02 =42+32 =16+9 =25 =5 units
BC = AC = 5 units
Therefore, ΔABC is isosceles.

Question:142
The points P0, 6, Q−5, 3 and R3, 1 are the vertices of a triangle, which is

a equilateral
b isosceles
c scalene
d right-angled
Solution:
d right-angled

Let P0, 6, Q−5, 3 and R3, 1 be the given points. Then,

PQ=-5-02+3-62 =-52+-32 =25+9 =34 unitsQR=3+52+1-32 =82+-22 =64+4 =68 =217 unitsPR=3-02+1-62 =32+-52 =9+25 =34 unitsPQ2+PR2⇒342+342=68QR2⇒217 2=68
Thus, PQ2+PR2=QR2
Therefore, ΔPQR is right-angled.

Question:143
If the points A2, 3, B(5, k) and C6, 7 are collinear, then

ak=4
bk=6
c k=-32
d k=114
Solution:
bk=6
The given points are A2, 3, B(5, k) and C6, 7.
Here, x1=2, y1=3, x2=5, y2=k and x3=6, y3=7.
Points A,B and C are collinear. Then,
x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒2k-7+57-3+63-k=0⇒2k-14+20+18-6k=0⇒-4k=-24⇒k=6

Question:144
If the points A1, 2, O0, 0 and C(a, b) are collinear, then

aa=b
b a = 2b
c 2a = b
da+b=0
Solution:
c 2a = b
The given points are A1, 2, O0, 0 and C(a, b).
Here, x1=1, y1=2, x2=0, y2=0 and x3=a, y3=b.
Points A, O and C are collinear.
⇒x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2=0⇒10-b+0b-2+a2-0=0⇒-b+2a=0⇒2a=b

Question:145
The area of ΔABC with vertices A3, 0, B7, 0 and C8, 4 is

a 14 sq units
b 28 sq units
c 8 sq units
d 6 sq units
Solution:
c 8 sq units
The given points are A3, 0, B7, 0 and C8, 4.
Here, x1=3, y1=0, x2=7, y2=0 and x3=8, y3=4
Therefore,
Area of ΔABC=12x1y2-y3+x2y3-y1+x3y1-y2

=1230-4+74-0+80-0=12-12+28+0=12×16=8 sq units

Question:146
AOBC is a rectangle whose three vertices are A0, 3, O0, 0 and B5, 0. Length of each of its diagonal is

a 5 units
b 3 units
c 34 units
d 4 units
Solution:
c 34 units
A0,3, O0,0 and B5,0 are the three vertices of a rectangle; let C be the fourth vertex.
Then, the length of the diagonal,
AB=5-02+0-32 =52+-32 =25+9 =34 units
Since, the diagonals of rectangle are equal .
Hence, the length of its diagonals is 34 units.

Question:147
If the distance between the points A(4, p) and B1, 0 is 5, then

a p = 4 only
b p = −4 only
c p = ±4 only
dp=0
Solution:
c p = ±4 only
The given points are A(4, p) and B1, 0 and AB = 5.
Then,
Proc esx1=4, y1=p
s ing math: 34% and x2=1, y2=0
Therefore,
Contrib
AB=5⇒x2-x12+y2-y12=5⇒1-42+0-p2=5⇒-32+-p2=25⇒9+p2=25⇒p2=16⇒p=±16⇒p=±4
/a11y /ac c es s ibility -menu.js