A3.

Work Energy and Power(including momentum)_p2 [86 marks]

1. [Maximum mark: 14] 23M.2.SL.TZ1.1
(a)
(a.i) [2]

Markscheme

Tension upwards, weight downwards ✓

Tension is clearly longer than weight ✓

Look for:

(a.ii) [1]

Markscheme

v = √2 × 9. 81 × 0. 95 OR = 4.32 «m s−1» ✓

Must see either full substitution or answer to at least 3 s.f.

(a.iii) [2]

Markscheme

T − mg = Fnet OR T − mg = mv

r
✓
2

T «= 0.800 × 9.81 + 0.800×4.317

0.95
» = 23.5 «N» ✓
(b)
(b.i) [4]

Markscheme

Use of conservation of momentum. ✓

Rebound speed = 2.16 «m s−1» ✓
Calculation of initial KE = « 12 × 0.800 × 4.3172» = 7.46 « J » ✓
Calculation of final KE = « 2 × 0.800 × 2.162 + × 2.40 × 2.162» = 7.46 «J» ✓
1 1

«hence elastic»

(b.ii) [2]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1
Rebound speed is halved so energy less by a factor of 4 ✓
95
Hence height is 4
=23.8 «cm» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2
Use of conservation of energy / 1

2
× 0.800 × 2.162 = 0.800 × 9.8 × h
OR

Use of proper kinematics equation (e.g. 0 = 2.162 − 2 × 9.8 × h) ✓

h = 23.8 «cm» ✓

Allow ECF from b(i)

(c) [3]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1
Frictional force is f«= 0.400 × 2.40 × 9.81» = 9.42 «N» ✓
9.42 × d = 1

2
× 2.40 × 2.162 OR d = 5.5987

9.42
✓
d = 0.594 «m» ✓
ALTERNATIVE 2
a = « m = µg = 0.4 × 9.81 =» 3.924 «m s−2» ✓
f

Proper use of kinematics equation(s) to determine ✓

d = 0.594 «m» ✓
2. [Maximum mark: 8] 22N.2.SL.TZ0.1
(a) [1]

Markscheme

g OR 9.81 «m s−2» OR acceleration of gravity/due to free fall ✓

Accept 10 «m s−2».

Ignore sign.

Do not accept bald “gravity”.

Accept answer that indicates tangent of the graph at time t=0.

(b) [3]

Markscheme

Identification of air resistance/drag force «acting upwards» ✓

«that» increases with speed ✓

«until» weight and air resistance cancel out

OR

net force/acceleration becomes zero ✓

A statement as “air resistance increases with speed” scores MP1 and MP2.

(c.i) [3]

Markscheme

«loss in» GPE = 3.4 × 10−5 × 9.81 × 21 «= 7.0 × 10−3» «J»

OR

«gain in» KE = 0.5 × 3.4 × 10−5 × 9.02 «= 1.4 × 10−3» «J» ✓

 energy transferred to air «=7.0 × 10−3 − 1.4 × 10−3» = 5.6 × 10−3» «J» ✓

any calculated answer to 2 sf ✓

Allow [1] through the use of kinematics assuming constant acceleration.

Allow ECF from MP1.

(c.ii) [1]

Markscheme

«gravitational» potential energy «of the raindrop» into thermal/internal energy «of the air» ✓

Accept heat for thermal energy.

Accept into kinetic energy of air particles.

Ignore sound energy.

3. [Maximum mark: 11] 21M.2.SL.TZ1.1
(a) [1]

Markscheme

t = «√ =» 0.22 «s»
2d

OR

t=√
2×0.24

9.8
✓

Answer to 2 or more significant figures or formula with variables replaced by correct values.

(b) [2]

Markscheme

increasing straight line from zero up to 0.2 s in x-axis ✓

with gradient = 10 ✓

(c) [3]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1

=«0.114 s» ✓
1.37
t =
12

= 0. 065 m ✓
1 2
y = × 10 × 0. 114
2

so (0.24 − 0.065) = 0.175 > 0.15 OR 0.065 < (0.24 − 0.15) «so it goes over the net» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2

1
«0.24 − 0.15 = 0.09 = 2
× 10 × t
2
so» t = 0.134 s ✓

0.134 × 12 = 1.6 m ✓

1.6 > 1.37 «so ball passed the net already» ✓

 Allow use of g = 9.8.

(d.i) [2]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1

KE = 1

2
mv2 + mgh = 1

2
0.0027 ×10.52 + 0.0027 × 9.8 × 0.18 ✓

0.15 «J» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2

Use of vx = 10.5 AND vy = 1.88 to get v = «√10. 52 + 1. 88 » = 10.67 «m s−1» ✓

2

× 0.0027 × 10.672 = 0.15 «J» ✓

1
KE = 2

(d.ii) [3]

Markscheme

Δv = 21 «m s
−1» ✓

0.0027 ×21
F =
0.01

OR

5.67 «N» ✓

any answer to 2 significant figures «N» ✓

4. [Maximum mark: 10] 20N.2.HL.TZ0.1
(a(i)) [1]

Markscheme

zero ✓

(a(ii)) [2]

Markscheme

Blades exert a downward force on the air ✓

air exerts an equal and opposite force on the blades «by Newton’s third law»
OR
air exerts a reaction force on the blades «by Newton’s third law» ✓

Downward direction required for MP1.

(a(iii)) [3]

Markscheme

«lift force/change of momentum in one second» = 1. 7v ✓

1. 7v = (0. 95 + 0. 45) × 9. 81 ✓

v = 8. 1 « ms
−1
» AND answer expressed to 2 sf only ✓

Allow 8. 2 from g = 10 ms
−2
.

(a(iv)) [2]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1

power
« = rate of energy transf er to the air =
1

2
Δm

Δt
v »
2
=
1

2
2
× 1. 7 × 8. 1
 ✓

= 56 «W» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2

Power « = Force × v ave » = (0. 95 + 0. 45) × 9. 81 ×

8.1

2
✓

= 56 «W» ✓

(b) [2]

Markscheme

vertical force = lift force – weight OR = 0. 45 × 9. 81 OR = 4. 4 «N» ✓

0.45×9.81
acceleration = 0.95
= 4. 6 « ms
−2
»✓
 5. [Maximum mark: 9] 19N.2.SL.TZ0.1
(a) [2]

Markscheme

links 0.84 to Δp ✔

v =«
0.84
−2
=» 14.5 «m s–1»✔
5.8×10

NOTE: Award [2] for bald correct answer

(b) [2]

Markscheme

use of Δt = «(28 – 12) × 10–3 =» 16 × 10–3 «s» ✔

Δp
F =« =» OR 53 «N» ✔
0.84
¯
−3
Δt 16×10

NOTE: Accept a time interval from 14 to 16 ms

Allow ECF from incorrect time interval

(c) [3]

Markscheme

Ek =
1

2
× 5.8 × 10–2 × 14.52 ✔

Ek = W ✔

1 −2 2
×5.8×10 ×14.5
s=«W
F
=
2

53
=» 0.12 « m » ✔

Allow ECF from (a) and (b)

Allow ECF from MP1

Award [2] max for a calculation without reference to work done, eg: average velocity × time

(d) [2]

Markscheme
 graph must show increasing speed from an initial of zero all the time ✔
overall correct curvature ✔

6. [Maximum mark: 5] 19M.2.SL.TZ1.5

(a) [1]

Markscheme

0.40 «m s−1» ✔

(b) [3]

Markscheme

initial energy 24 mJ and final energy 12 mJ ✔

energy is lost/unequal /change in energy is 12 mJ ✔

inelastic collisions occur when energy is lost ✔

(c) [1]

Markscheme

maximum GPE at extremes, minimum in centre ✔

7. [Maximum mark: 14] 19M.2.SL.TZ2.1
(ai) [2]

Markscheme

Δmv Δv 0.058×64.0
F =
Δt
/m
Δt
/ −3
✔
25×10

F = 148«N»≈150«N» ✔

(aii) [2]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1
1 2 1 2
mv ×0.058×64.0
P =
2

t
/
2

−3
✔
25×10

P = 4700/4800«W» ✔

ALTERNATIVE 2

64.0
P = averageF v/148 ×
2
✔

P = 4700/4800«W» ✔

(bi) [2]

Markscheme

horizontal component of velocity is 64.0 × cos7° = 63.52 «ms−1» ✔

11.9
t = « 63.52 = »0.187/0.19«s» ✔

Do not award BCA. Check working.

Do not award ECF from using 64 m s -1.

(bii) [3]
 Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1

uy = 64 sin7/7.80 «ms−1»✔

× 9.81 × 0.1872/1.63 «m» ✔

1
decrease in height = 7.80 × 0.187 + 2

final height = «2.80 − 1.63» = 1.1/1.2 «m» ✔

«higher than net so goes over»

ALTERNATIVE 2

vertical distance to fall to net «= 2.80 − 0.91» = 1.89 «m»✔

time to fall this distance found using «=1.89 = 7.8t + 1

2
× 9.81 ×t2»

t = 0.21 «s»✔

0.21 «s» > 0.187 «s» ✔

«reaches the net before it has fallen far enough so goes over»

Other alternatives are possible

(biii) [2]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1

Initial KE + PE = final KE /

2
× 0.058 × 642 + 0.058 × 9.81 × 2.80 = 1

2
× 0.058 × v2 ✔

v = 64.4 «ms−1» ✔

ALTERNATIVE 2

vv = «√7.82 + 2 × 9.81 × 2.8» = 10.8«ms

−1
»✔

«v = √ 63.5 + 10.8 »
2 2

v = 64.4«ms
−1
» ✔
(c) [3]

Markscheme

so horizontal velocity component at lift off for clay is smaller ✔

normal force is the same so vertical component of velocity is the same ✔

so bounce angle on clay is greater ✔

8. [Maximum mark: 15] 22M.2.SL.TZ1.1
(a) [2]

Markscheme

direction of motion is different / OWTTE ✓

mv / magnitude of momentum is different «even though v the same» ✓

(b) [2]

Markscheme

use of ma = mg − T «3.5 x 2.4 = 3.5g − T »

OR

T = 3.5(g − 2.4) ✓

26 «N» ✓

Accept 27 N from g = 10 m s −2

(c.i) [2]

Markscheme

proper use of kinematic equation ✓

√ (2 × 2. 4 × 0. 95) = 2. 14 «m s−1» ✓

Must see either the substituted values OR a value for v to at least three s.f. for MP2.

(c.ii) [2]

Markscheme

use of ω =
v

r
to give 84 «rad s−1»

OR
 ω = 2. 1/0. 025 to give 84 «rad s−1» ✓

quoted to 2sf only✓

(d) [4]

Markscheme

ALTERNATIVE 1

« v2 = u
2
+ 2as ⇒ 0 = 2. 1
2
− 2a × 0. 35» leading to a = 6.3 «m s-2»

OR

«x = 1/2(u + v)t » leading to t = 0.33 « s » ✓

Fnet = « ma = 1. 5 × 6. 3 = » 9.45 «N» ✓

Weight down ramp = 1.5 x 9.8 x sin(30) = 7.4 «N» ✓

friction force = net force – weight down ramp = 2.1 «N» ✓

ALTERNATIVE 2

kinetic energy initial = work done to stop 0.5 x 1.5 x (2.1)2 = FNET x 0.35 ✓

Fnet = 9.45 «N» ✓

Weight down ramp = 1.5 x 9.8 x sin(30) = 7.4 «N» ✓

friction force = net force – weight down ramp = 2.1 «N» ✓

Accept 1.95 N from g = 10 m s-2.

Accept 2.42 N from u = 2.14 m s-1.

(e) [3]
Markscheme

static coefficient of friction > dynamic/kinetic coefficient of friction / μs > μk ✓

«therefore» force of dynamic/kinetic friction will be less than the force of static friction ✓

there will be a net / unbalanced forward force once in motion «which results in acceleration»

OR

reference to net F = ma ✓

© International Baccalaureate Organization, 2023