Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 619 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj

Aa¨vq Pvi : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©b xwZ

wm‡jevm : Dbœqb cwiKíbvi †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx, RvZxq Avq-e¨q
ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP, `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb BZ¨vw`|
KZZg wewmGm?
Uwc‡Ki bvg 35 36 37 38 40 41 43 44 45 46
Aa¨vq Pvi : evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
Dbœqb cwiKíbv †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©Kx 1 2 - 1 1 - 1 1 1 3
RvZxq Avq-e¨q - - - 1 1 - - - - 1
ivR¯^ bxwZ I evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP - - - 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb - - - - - - 1 - - -
A_©bxwZ I evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ
ÔEconomicsÕ kãwU wMªK kã ÔOikonomiaÕ ‡_‡K D™¢~Z hvi A_©— ÔM„n¯’vjx cwiPvjbvÕ| A_©bxwZi RbK— A¨vWvg
w¯§_| AvaywbK A_©bxwZi RbK— cj m¨vgy‡qjmb| A_©bxwZ‡K me©cÖ_g `yB fv‡M (e¨wóK I mvgwóK) fvM K‡i‡Qb—
i¨vMbvi wd«k| A_©‰bwZK e¨e¯’v Pvi ai‡Yi n‡q _v‡K| h_v— K. abZvwš¿K ev cyuwRev`x L. mgvRZvwš¿K A_©e¨e¯’v M. wgkÖ
A_©e¨e¯’v Ges N. Bmjvgx A_©e¨e¯’| evsjv‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ— wgkÖ cÖK…wZi| G ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK wm‡÷‡g ivóªxq I e¨w³
gvwjKvbv cvkvcvwk weivR K‡i| evsjv‡`‡k gy³evRvi A_©bxwZ Pvjy nq— 1991 mv‡j|
Dbœqb cwiKíbvi †cÖwÿZ I cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv
Dbœqb cwiKíbv
▪ evsjv‡`‡ki Dbœqb cwiKíbv 04 (Pvi) ai‡Yi cÖvwZôvwbK KvVv‡gv KvR K‡i| h_v— 1. cwiKíbv Kwgkb, 2. RvZxq
A_©‰bwZK cwil`, 3. RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil‡`i wbe©vnx KwgwU Ges 4. gš¿Yvjq/wefv‡Mi cwiPvjbv DBs|
▪ cwiKíbv Kwgkb (Planning Commission) : evsjv‡`‡ki cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi ‡Pqvig¨vb— cÖavbgš¿x|
cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi †Pqvig¨vb‡K wb‡qvM †`b— ivóªcwZ| evsjv‡`k cwiKíbv Kwgkb MwVZ nq— 1972 mv‡j|
evsjv‡`‡ki cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv I `vwi`ª¨ wbimb †KŠkjcÎ (PRSP) cÖYqb K‡i— evsjv‡`k cwiKíbv Kwgkb|
▪ RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil` (National Economic Council- NEC) : RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil‡`i mfvq
mfvcwZZ¡ K‡ib— cÖavbgš¿x Z_v miKvi cÖavb|
▪ RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil‡`i wbe©vnx KwgwU (The Executive Committee of the National Economic Council–
ECNEC) : mfvcwZ— cÖavbgš¿x| weKí mfvcwZ— A_©gš¿x| eo Dbœqb cÖKí Aby‡gvw`Z nq— ECNEC mfvq|
▪ evsjv‡`‡ki cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv cÖYqb K‡i— Ôevsjv‡`k cwiKíbv KwgkbÕ|
cÂevwl©K
cwiKíbv

▪ ÔcÂevwl©K cwiKíbviÕ cÖeZ©K— ‡hv‡md ÷¨vwjb (ivwkqv)| wZwb me©c_Ö g 1921 mv‡j Dbœq‡bi
cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv MÖnY K‡ib| cvwK¯Ívb Avg‡j cÖ_g cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv ‡bIqv nq 1955-1960 mvj
†gqv‡`| G hveZ Dbœqb cwiKíbv ‡bqv n‡q‡Q— ‡gvU 11wU|
Dbœqb cwiKíbvmg~‡ni ‡gqv`
µ. bs cwiKíbv ‡gqv` µ. bs cwiKíbv ‡gqv`
01. cÖ_g cÂevwl©K RyjvB 1973-Ryb 1978 07. PRSP-1 RyjvB 2005- Ryb 2008
02. wØevwl©K 1978-1980 08. PRSP-2 RyjvB 2008- Ryb 2011
03. wØZxq cÂevwl©K 1980-1985 09. lô cÂevwl©K 2011-2015
04. Z…Zxq cÂevwl©K 1985-1990 10. mßg cÂevwl©K 2016-2020
05. PZz_© cÂevwl©K 1990-1995 11. Aóg cÂevwl©K RyjvB 2020-Ryb 2025
06. cÂg cÂevwl©K RyjvB 1997- Ryb 2002 ev, 2021-2025
 mßg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbvq cÖe„w×i jÿ¨gvÎv wQj— 7.40% Ges AwR©Z cÖe„w×— 8.15%|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 620 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj
 cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv— 8wU| `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb ‡KŠkjcΗ 2wU| wØ-evwl©K Dbœqb cwiKíbv— 1wU|
 Ôevsjv‡`‡ki †Wëv cø¨vb-2100Õ ev kZel©x cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b K…wl Lv‡Zi †gvKvwejvq mnvqZv Ki‡e †b`vij¨vÛm|
8g cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv
▌ RvZxq A_©‰bwZK cwil‡`i (NEC) mfvq Aby‡gvw`Z nq— 29 wW‡m¤^i, 2020 wLª÷v‡ã|
▌ g~j cÖwZcv`¨— mK‡ji mv‡_ mg„w×i c‡_| wewb‡qv‡Mi jÿ¨gvÎv— 47 jvL 40 nvRvi †KvwU UvKv|
▌ `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi n«v‡mi jÿ¨gvÎv— 15.6%| Pig `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi n«v‡mi jÿ¨gvÎv— 7.4%|
▌ gv_vwcQz Avq 3,106 gvwK©b Wjv‡i DbœxZKiY| ‡WjUv 2100 cø¨v‡bi Kvh©µg ïiæ|
▌ Kg©ms¯’vb m„wó n‡e— 1 †KvwU 13 jvL (me©vwaK AMÖvwaKvi cv‡e)| Gi g‡a¨ †`‡k 81 jvL 70 nvRvi Ges cÖev‡m 35
jvL| ‡gvU RvZxq mÂq n‡e— wRwWwcÕi 34.48%|
▌ 2024-25 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwcÕi cÖe„w× AR©‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv— 8.51%| gy`ªvùxwZ— 4.48%|
▌ ‡gqv`v‡šÍ we`y¨r Drcv`b n‡e— 30 nvRvi †gMvIqvU| cÖZ¨vwkZ Mo Avqy n‡e— 74 eQi|
▌ G cwiKíbv g~jZ Av‡jvKcvZ K‡i— 6wU wel‡qi Dci| g~j¨vq‡b cixÿY— 15 wU| m~PK wba©viY— 104 wU|
evsjv‡`k Dbœqb †dvivg (BDF) evsjv‡`k AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Znwej (BIDF)
evsjv‡`‡k 2003 mvj ‡_‡K Dbœqb ‡dviv‡gi ‰eVK AbywôZ ‡`‡ki AeKvVv‡gv Dbœq‡bi Rb¨ evsjv‡`k e¨vs‡K Mw”QZ
n‡”Q| G Dbœqb †dviv‡gi evsjv‡`‡ki cÖavb mgš^qKvix ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªvi wiRvf© ev gRy‡Zi A_© w`‡q MwVZ we‡kl
ms¯’v— wek¦e¨vsK| Znwej— evsjv‡`k AeKvVv‡gv Dbœqb Znwej|
▌ c~Y©iƒc— Bangladesh Development Forum. ▌ c~Y©iƒc— Bangladesh Infrastructure Development Fund.
▌ MwVZ nq— A‡±vei, 1974 mv‡j| ▌ D‡Øvab Kiv nq— 15 gvP© 2021 wLª÷v‡ã|

▌ evsjv‡`k‡K ˆe‡`wkK mvnvh¨ cÖ`v‡b kxl© †`k— Rvcvb| ▌ BIDF cÖ_g FY †`q— cvqiv e›`i KZ©„cÿ‡K|

▌ c~e©bvg wQj— Ôc¨vwim Kb‡mvwU©qvg MÖæcÕ| ▌ evwl©K wewb‡qvM jÿ¨gvÎv— 200 †KvwU gvwK©b Wjvi|
▌ GwU eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki ÔGBW Kb‡mvwU©qvgÕ bv‡g cwiwPZ|
1974 mv‡ji A‡±ve‡i cÖwZwôZ nq evsjv‡`k GBW MÖæc (Bangladesh Aid Group)| GKB eQi 29 A‡±vei d«v‡Ýi
c¨vwi‡m AbywôZ nq evsjv‡`k GBW MÖæ‡ci cÖ_g ‰eVK| G ‰eV‡Ki ‡bZ…Z¡ ‡`q wek¦e¨vsK| 1997 mv‡j Ôevsjv‡`k GBW MÖæcÕ
Gi bZzb bvgKiY Kiv nq Ôc¨vwim Kb‡mvwU©qvg MÖæcÕ (Paris Consortium Group)|
 evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ‡hŠ_ A_©‰bwZK Kwgkb MwVZ nq— 1982 mv‡j| evsjv‡`k‡K ‰e‡`wkK mvnv‡h¨ kxl© ‡`k— Rvcvb|
 evsjv‡`‡k ‰e‡`wkK mvnv‡h¨ (Soft Loan) kx‡l©— AvBwWG (IDA)|
 Rvcv‡bi ‰e‡`wkK evwYR¨ ms¯’vi bvg— ÔRvBKvÕ| IBRD ‡K ejv nq— ÔHard Loan WindowÕ.
‡cÖwÿZ cwiKíbv (Perspective Plan)
 cwiKíbvi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv— `vwi`ª¨ `~ixKiY, mykvmb mymsnZKiY Ges evsjv‡`k‡K DbœZ I mg„w×kvjx †`k wn‡m‡e we‡k¦i
ey‡K Zz‡j aiv| Gi †gqv`— 2021-2041| cÖ_g †cÖwÿZ cwiKíbvi †gqv` wQj— 2010-2021 wLª÷vã|
 ‡NvwlZ cÖvwZôvwbK ¯Í¤¢— 4wU| P¨v‡jÄ— 15wU| wfwË eQi— 2020|

cÖkœ mgvavb
01. ECNEC-Gi ‡Pqvig¨vb ev mfvcwZ ‡K? [36Zg I 43Zg wewmGm]
(K) cÖavbgš¿x (L) A_©gš¿x (M) cwiKíbv gš¿x (N) Z_¨ gš¿x DËi: K
02. evsjv‡`‡k ‡gvU KZwU cÂgevwl©K cwiKíbv MÖnY Kiv n‡q‡Q? [45Zg wewmGm]
(K) 6 (Qq) wU (L) 7 (mvZ) wU (M) 8 (AvU) wU (N) 9 (bq) wU DËi: M
03. cwiKíbv Kwgk‡bi M„nxZ c`‡ÿc Abyhvqx mßg cÂevwl©K cwiKíbv †Kvb †gqv‡` n‡e? [35Zg wewmGm]
(K) 2015-2019 (L) 2016-2020 (M) 2017-2021 (N) 2018-2022 DËi: L
04. 7g cÂevwl©Kx cwiKíbv †gqv‡` cÖwZeQi evsjv‡`‡ki Mo cÖK…Z wRwWwc cÖe„w× AR©‡bi jÿ¨gvÎv— [38Zg wewmGm]
(K) 7.00% (L) 7.12% (M) 7.30% (N) 7.40% DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: 2018 mv‡ji 17-18 Rvbyqvwi evsjv‡`k Dbœqb †dviv‡gi me©‡kl ˆeVK AbywôZ nq XvKvq| evsjv‡`k Dbœqb †dvivg (BDF)-Gi mgš^qKvix
ms¯’v— wek¦e¨vsK| evsjv‡`k Dbœqb †dvivg-Gi cÖwZôvKvjxb bvg— evsjv‡`k GBW MÖæc (Bangladesh Aid Group- BAG)|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 621 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj
05. eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki e„nr mvnvh¨Kvix ‡`k ‡KvbwU? [21 I 31Zg wewmGm]
(K) Rvcvb (L) Rvg©vwb (M) fviZ (N) hy³ivó« DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2024 †gvZv‡eK, evsjv‡`k 2023-24 A_©eQ‡i †`k wn‡m‡e me‡P‡q †ewk mvnvh¨ cvq—
Rvcvb †_‡K| wØZxq m‡e©v”P mvnvh¨ cvq— ivwkqv †_‡K|
06. evsjv‡`‡ki ‡cÖwÿZ cwiKíbvi (Perspective Plan) mgqmxgv KZ? [44Zg wewmGm]
(K) 2021-2030 (L) 2024-2032 (M) 2021-2041 (N) 2022-2050 DËi: M
07. evsjv‡`‡ki 2q †cÖwÿZ cwiKíbvi †gqv` K‡e †kl n‡e? [46Zg wewmGm]
(K) 2031 (L) 2035 (M) 2041 (N) 2095 DËi: M

GmwWwR (2016-2030)
17wU Afxó; 169wU mywbw`©ó jÿ¨gvÎv i‡q‡Q| Awdwmqvj bvg— Transforming our world : The 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development. GmwWwRÕi m~PK †gvU— 232wU| Afxómg~n: 01. `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb 02. Lv`¨ wbivcËv,
cywói Dbœqb I K…wli †UKmB Dbœqb 03. mK‡ji Rb¨ my¯^v¯’¨ wbwðZ Kiv 04. gvbm¤úbœ wkÿvi my‡hvM wbwðZKiY 05. wj½
mgZv 06. my‡cq cvwb I cqtwb®‹vkb e¨e¯’v 07. mK‡ji Rb¨ R¦vjvwb ev we`y¨‡Zi mnRjf¨ Kiv 08. w¯’wZkxj I
AskMÖnYg~jK A_©‰bwZK cÖe„w×, c~Y©Kvjxb Drcv`bg~jK Kg©ms¯’vb I Kv‡Ri cwi‡ek 09. w¯’wZkxj wkívqb Ges D™¢veb‡K
DrmvwnZ Kiv 10. ‡`‡ki Af¨šÍ‡i I AvšÍtivóªxq ˆelg¨ n«vm 11. gvbe emwZ I kni¸‡jv‡Z wbivc` I w¯’wZkxj ivLv 12.
m¤ú‡`i `vwqZ¡c~Y© e¨envi 13. Rjevqy welqK c`‡ÿc 14. mybxj m¤ú` msiÿY I cwiwgZ e¨envi wbwðZ Kiv 15. f~wgi
†UKmB e¨envi 16. kvwšÍ, b¨vqwePvi, Revew`wn I AskMÖnYg~jK cÖwZôvb M‡o †Zvjv Ges 17. ‰ewk^K Askx`vwiZ¡|
cÖkœ mgvavb
01. wg‡jwbqvg †W‡fjc‡g›U †Mvj AR©b Kivi K_v †Kvb mg‡q? [27Zg wewmGm]
(K) 2010 mvj (L) 2015 mvj (M) 2020 mvj (N) 2025 mvj DËi: L
02. MDG-Gi Ab¨Zg jÿ¨ wK? [36Zg wewmGm]
(K) †`k †_‡K †cvwjI wbg©~j (L) HIV/AIDS wbg©~j Kiv
(M) h²v wbg©~j Kiv (N) ÿzav I `vwi`ª¨ `~i Kiv DËi: N
e¨vL¨v: GgwWwR (2000-2015) 2000 mv‡ji †m‡Þ¤^i gv‡m RvwZmsN Av‡qvwRZ mn¯ªvã Dbœqb kxl©K kxl© ˆeV‡K 2015 mv‡ji g‡a¨ 8wU jÿ¨
c~i‡Yi wm×všÍ MÖnY Kiv nq, hv mn¯ªvã Dbœqb jÿ¨ ev MDG bv‡g cwiwPZ| MDG-Gi 8wU j‡ÿ¨i cÖ_g jÿ¨ n‡jv ÿzav I `vwi`ª¨ `~i Kiv|
03. Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) KqwU? [43Zg wewmGm]
(K) 13wU (L) 15wU (M) 17wU (N) 31wU DËi: M
04. Sustainable Development Goals G KqwU Goal Gi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q? [45Zg wewmGm]
(K) 8 (L) 169 (M) 17 (N) 170 DËi: M
05. GmwWwR (SDG) Gi †Kvb AfxówU cÖv_wgK wkÿvi mv‡_ m¤úwK©Z? [44Zg wewmGm]
(K) 4 (L) 5 (M) 6 (N) 7 DËi: K
06. ÔÔ2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ we‡k¦i `wi`ª bvix, cyiæl I wkïi msL¨v A‡a©K bvwg‡q Avb‡Z n‡eÕÕ-GwU †UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎvq
†Kvb Awfó jÿ¨? [46Zg wewmGm]
(K) Uv‡M©U 1.1 (L) Uv‡M©U 1.2 (M) Uv‡M©U 1.3 (N) Uv‡M©U 1.4 DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: ‡UKmB Dbœqb jÿ¨gvÎv-2030 Gi Ò‡UKmB Dbœqb Afxó-1 : me©Î me ai‡bi `vwi‡`ª¨i AemvbÓ wk‡ivbv‡g wewfbœ
Uv‡M©‡U D‡jøL i‡q‡Q-
Uv‡M©U 1.4 2030 mv‡ji g‡a¨ mKj bvix I cyiæl, we‡kl K‡i `wi`ª I AiwÿZ Rb‡Mvôxi AbyK‚‡j A_©‰bwZK m¤ú`
I †gŠwjK †mev, myweav, Rwg I Acivci m¤úwËi gvwjKvbv I wbqš¿Y, DËivwaKvi, cÖvK…wZK m¤ú`,
jvMmB cÖhyw³ Ges ÿz`ª FYmn Avw_©K †mev cÖvwßi †ÿ‡Î mgAwaKvi cÖwZôv Kiv|
07. e-Øxc cwiKíbv 2100-G KqwU †fŠ‡MvwjK nU¯úU wb©aviY Kiv n‡q‡Q? [46Zg wewmGm]
(K) 6 (L) 7 (M) 8 (N) 9 DËi: K
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 622 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj
e¨vL¨v: Ôevsjv‡`‡ki †Wëv cø¨vb-2100Õ ev kZel©x cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b K…wl Lv‡Zi †gvKvwejvq mnvqZv Ki‡e †b`vij¨vÛm|
Ôevsjv‡`‡ki †Wëv cø¨vb-2100Õ ev kZel©x cwiKíbv ev¯Íevq‡b K…wl Lv‡Zi †gvKvwejvq mnvqZv Ki‡e †b`vij¨vÛm| e-
Øxc cwiKíbv 2100-G 6wU †fŠ‡MvwjK nU¯úU wb©aviY Kiv n‡q‡Q| nU¯úU¸‡jv n‡jv:
(i) b`x I †gvnbv AÂj (ii) DcK‚jxq AÂj (iii) e‡i›`ª I LivcÖeY AÂj
(iv) nvIi I AvKw¯§K eb¨vcÖeY AÂj (v) bMi AÂj (vi) cve©Z¨ PÆMÖvg AÂj
RvZxq Avq (National Income)
‡`‡ki Drcvw`Z `ªe¨mg~n I we‡`‡k Ae¯’vbiZ ‡`kxq bvMwiK‡`i AwR©Z Avq RvZxq Av‡qi AšÍf©y³| A_©vr, GDP I GNP
DfqB RvZxq Av‡qi AvIZvfy³| hLb Avg`vwb e¨q I ißvwb Avq ci¯úi mgvb nq ZLb GDP I GNP GKB nq|
RvZxq Avq cÖKv‡ki wewfbœ gva¨g— GNP, GDP, NNP.
welq ‡gvU RvZxq Drcv`b (GNP) bxU RvZxq Drcv`b (NNP) ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP)
c~Y©iƒc Gross National Product Net National Product Gross Domestic Product
msÁv GK eQ‡i GKwU ‡`‡k Drcvw`Z GK eQ‡i Drcvw`Z †fvM Dc‡hvMx ‡`‡ki ‡fZ‡i ‡`kxq ev we‡`wk
mKj `ªe¨mvgMÖx I ‡mev Kv‡h©i cY¨ I †mevi Avw_©K g~j¨ †_‡K bvMwiK KZ©…K Drcvw`Z ‡gvU
Avw_©K g~j¨‡KB RvZxq Drcv`b hš¿cvwZ e¨envi RwbZ ÿqÿwZ ev Drcv`bB GDP e‡j cwiwPZ|
wn‡m‡e AwfwnZ Kiv nq| AePq RwbZ e¨q ev` w`‡j hv
Aewkó _v‡K, Zv‡K NNP e‡j|
m~Î GNP = C + I + G + (X-M) GDP = C + I + G
m~‡Îi ▪ C = ‡`‡ki RbM‡Yi †gvU ‡emiKvwi †fvM e¨q (Consumption)
we‡kølY ▪ I = ‡gvU †emiKvwi wewb‡qvM e¨q (Investment)
▪ G = ‡gvU miKvwi e¨q (Govt. Expenditure) Ges X-M = wbU ißvwb|
▪ GKwU †`‡ki A_©‰bwZK Dbœq‡bi cÖavb m~PK— wRwWwc|
gv_vwcQz Avq : ‡Kv‡bv ‡`‡ki ‡gvU RvZxq Avq‡K H ‡`‡ki ‡gvU RbmsL¨v w`‡q fvM Ki‡j ‡h djvdj cvIqv hvq, ZvB H ‡`‡ki gv_vwcQy
Avq| ‡Kvb ‡`‡ki Rb‡Mvôxi Rxebhvcb gvb I A_©‰bwZK Ae¯’v Rvbvi ‡¶‡Î gv_vwcQy Avq _v‡g©vwgUvi wn‡m‡e KvR K‡i| gv_vwcQz Av‡qi
wfwˇZ wek^e¨vsK we‡k^i †`kmg~n‡K †gvU Pvi fv‡M wef³ K‡i| h_v— wb¤œ Av‡qi †`k, wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`k, D”P ga¨g Av‡qi †`k,
D”P Av‡qi †`k| evsjv‡`k wb¤œ ga¨g Av‡qi †`k wn‡m‡e AšÍfy©³ nq— 1 RyjvB, 2015 wLª÷v‡ã| gv_vwcQz Av‡qi we‡ePbvq G †kÖwYKiY
K‡i— wek^e¨vsK| DËi‡Y †hvM¨Zv g~j¨vqb Kiv nq wZbwU m~P‡Ki wfwˇZ— gv_vwcQz RvZxq Avq (GNI), gvbe m¤ú` m~PK (HAI) I
Avw_©K f½yiZv m~PK (EVI)| DËi‡Y gv_vwcQz Avq m~P‡K _vK‡Z nq— 1,230 gvwK©b Wjvi|
evsjv‡`‡ki LDC †_‡K DËiY: RvwZmsN Zvi m`m¨ †`k¸‡jv‡K ¯^‡ívbœZ (LDC), Dbœqbkxj Ges DbœZ- G wZb †kÖwY‡Z
wef³ K‡i| RvwZmsN me©cÖ_g LDC (Least Developed Countries) ZvwjKv cÖKvk K‡i— 1971 wLª÷v‡ã| evsjv‡`k
LDC fz³ nq— 1975 wLª÷v‡ã| ECOSOC GjwWwmi aviYv †`b— 1971 wLª÷v‡ã|
 evsjv‡`k LDC ‡_‡K D‡Ëvi‡Yi cÖv_wgK †hvM¨Zv jvf K‡i— 16 gvP©, 2018 wLª÷v‡ã|
 evsjv‡`k LDC ‡_‡K DËi‡Yi †hvM¨Zv wØZxqevi jvf K‡i— 2021 wLª.| m¤ú~Y©fv‡e DËwiZ n‡e— 2026
wLª.| evsjv‡`k BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡b ïégy³ ißvwb myweav cv‡e— 2029 wLª÷vã ch©šÍ|
 Trade Related Aspects Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Pzw³i †gqv` evov‡bv n‡q‡Q (Jla
wk‡íi †c‡U›U myweav)— 1 RyjvB, 2034 ch©šÍ|
 LDC ‡_‡K D‡Ëvi‡Yi †NvlYv K‡i— RvwZms‡Ni Committee for Development Policy (CDP)|
 LDC gy³ nIqvi kZ©— 3wU| h_v— gv_vwcQz Avq, A_©‰bwZK f½yiZv m~PK Ges gvbem¤ú` m~PK|
 1971 mv‡j cÖ_‡g LDC fz³ †`k wQj— 25wU| ‡gvU LDC fz³ †`k wQj— 52wU (me©‡kl: `wÿY my`vb,
2012)| eZ©gv‡b LDC fz³ †`k— 45wU|
evsjv‡`k Dbœqbkxj †`‡k cwiYZ n‡e— 2026 mv‡j Ges D”P Av‡qi †`‡k cwiYZ n‡e— 2041 mv‡j| evsjv‡`k miKvi
D”P ga¨g Av‡qi †`‡k DbœxZ nIqvi jÿ¨gvÎv wba©viY K‡i‡Q— 2031 mvj|
A_©bxwZi DcLvZ
Drcv`b c×wZ‡Z †gvU †`kR Drcv`b cwigv‡ci Rb¨ A_©bxwZ‡K wef³ Kiv nq— 19wU Lv‡Z| (wfwË eQi (2015-16)
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 623 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj
K…wl LvZ 01. K…wl, ebR I grm¨
wkí LvZ 02. LwbR I Lbb 03. wkí (g¨vbyd¨vKPvwis) 04. we`y¨r I M¨vm 05. cvwb m¤ú`, wb®‹vkb I eR©¨ e¨e¯’vcbv 06. wbg©vY
‡mev LvZ 07. cvBKvwi I LyPiv evwYR¨, hvbevnb †givgZ 08. cwienb I msiÿY 09. evm¯’vb I Lv`¨ †mev Kvh©µg 10. Z_¨ I
†hvMv‡hvM 11. Avw_©K cÖvwZôvwbK †mev 12. wi‡qj G‡÷U †mev 13. †ckvMZ, ˆeÁvwbK I cÖhyw³MZ †mev 14. cÖkvmwbK
I mn‡hvMx †mev Kvh©µg 15. wkÿv 16. ‡jvK cÖkvmb I cÖwZiÿv 17. Rb¯^v¯’¨ I mgvRKj¨vYg~jK †mev 18. wkí,
†Ljva~jv I we‡bv`b 19. Ab¨vb¨ †mev|

cÖkœ mgvavb
01. 2022-23 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`k †Kvb †`k †_‡K cY¨ ißvwb eve` me‡P‡q †ewk Avq K‡i‡Q? [46Zg wewmGm]
(K) hy³ivóª (L) hy³ivR¨ (M) Rvg©vwb (N) †¯úb DËi: K
02. eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡k MocoZv gv_vwcQz Avq KZ gvwK©b Wjvi? [21Zg wewmGm]
(K) 242 Wjvi (L) 300 Wjvi (M) 289 Wjvi (N) 400 Wjvi DËi: *
03. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki per capital GDP (nominal) KZ? [40Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1750 gvwK©b Wjvi (L) 1751 gvwK©b Wjvi (M) 1752 gvwK©b Wjvi (N) 1753 gvwK©b Wjvi DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2024 †gvZv‡eK,
‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) mvgwqK
welq 2023 2024 welq 2023 2024
w¯’i g~‡j¨ wRwWwc cÖe„w×i nvi (%) 6.03 5.82 PjwZ g~‡j¨ gv_vwcQz GDP (Wjvi) 2,657 2,675
PjwZ g~‡j¨ RvZxq gv_vwcQz Avq (Wjvi) 2,765 2,784
04. wek^e¨vs‡Ki 1997 mv‡j wnmve Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz Avq KZ? [19Zg wewmGm]
(K) 200 gvwK©b Wjvi (L) 225 gvwK©b Wjvi (M) 240 gvwK©b Wjvi (N) 260 gvwK©b Wjvi DËi: *
05. UNDP wi‡cvU© †m‡Þ¤^i 2005 mvj †gvZv‡eK evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz Avq KZ? [27Zg wewmGm]
(K) 444 Wjvi (L) 770 Wjvi (M) 1070 Wjvi (N) 1770 Wjvi DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: UNDP cÖKvwkZ wi‡cvU©-2022 Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz Avq 5,472 gvwK©b Wjvi| A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-
2024 Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki gv_vwcQz Avq 2,784 gvwK©b Wjvi|
06. wek¦e¨vsK K‡e evsjv‡`k‡K wbgœ ga¨g Av‡qi ‡`k wn‡m‡e ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i? [44Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1 Ryb 2014 (L) 1 Ryb 2015 (M) 1 RyjvB 2015 (N) 1 RyjvB 2016 DËi: M
07. evsjv‡`‡ki RvZxq Avq MYbvq ‡`‡ki A_©bxwZ‡K KqwU fv‡M fvM Kiv nq? [38Zg wewmGm]
(K) 14 (L) 15 (M) 12 (N) 10 DËi: ‡bvU
evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wP I ivR¯^ bxwZ
 miKv‡ii e¨q— `yB cÖKvi| h_v: K. Dbœqb e¨q (†hgb-ADP) Ges L. Abybqœ b e¨q| ev‡RU— `yB cÖKvi| K. ivR¯^
ev‡RU Ges L. Dbœqbg~~jK ev‡RU| ‰e‡`wkK Aby`vb e¨q nq- evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~Px‡Z| ADP Gi AšÍM©Z LvZmg~n—
wkí, we`y¨r, cjøx Dbœqb, †hvMv‡hvM, ¯^v¯’¨, RbmsL¨v, wkÿv, cwienb cÖf…wZ|
 evsjv‡`‡k weµq K‡ii weKí wn‡m‡e avh© Kiv nq Ôg~j¨ ms‡hvRb KiÕ (VAT)| VAT (Value Added Tax) 1991
mv‡ji 1jv RyjvB †_‡K Kvh©Ki Kiv nq| g~mK w`em— 10 wW‡m¤^i| AvqKi w`em— 30 b‡f¤^i|
 VAT— 15% nv‡i avh© Kiv nq| evsjv‡`‡ki miKv‡ii ivR¯^ Av`v‡qi cÖavb Drm cÖZ¨ÿ Ki- AvqKi (Income
Tax), c‡ivÿ Ki-g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki (g~mK), AveMvwi ïé, evwYR¨ ïé BZ¨vw`| †Uvj-†jwf K‡ii AvIZvgy³ ivR¯^|
cÖZ¨¶ Ki c‡iv¶ Ki
bvMwi‡Ki Avq I m¤ú‡`i Av`vqK…Z miKv‡ii ivR¯^| ‡hgb: AvqKi I f~wgKi| hviv c‡iv¶ Ki n‡jv cY¨ I ‡mev
Ki cÖ`vb K‡ib Zv‡`i‡K— TIN ev ÔTaxpayers Identification NumberÕ Drcv`b I weµq, Avg`vwb I
cÖ`vb Kiv nq| 2013 mv‡j eTIN ev electronic Tax Identification Number ißvwb Ges Af¨šÍixY e¨emv-
Pvjy nq| wk‡í DrmvwnZ Ki‡Z miKvi mvgwqKfv‡e U¨v· gIKzd K‡iI _v‡K hv— evwY‡R¨i Dci Av‡ivc Kiv Ki|
ÒU¨v· nwj‡WÓ bv‡g cwiwPZ| 2012 mv‡ji 26‡k †g Ki cwi‡kv‡ai AbjvBbwfwËK ‡hgb- g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki,
B-‡c‡g›U ev B‡j±ªwbK †c‡g›U c×wZ Pvjy nq| AveMvwi ïé|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 624 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj
 ‡`‡ki cÖ_g Ki b¨vqcvj— LvBiæ¾vgvb †PŠayix| 2006 mv‡j wZwb `vwqZ¡ MÖnY K‡ib|
 RvZxq ivR¯^ ‡evW©: RvZxq ivR¯^ ‡evW© ev NBR Ki Av`v‡qi `vwq‡Z¡ wb‡qvwRZ| RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© MwVZ nq— 1972
mv‡j| NBR Gi cÖav‡bi c`ex— †Pqvig¨vb| RvZxq ivR¯^ †evW© A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi Af¨šÍixY m¤ú` wefv‡Mi (IRD)
AšÍM©Z| Ki wefvM— A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi Aaxb GKwU cÖwZôvb|
cÖkœ mgvavb
01. evsjv‡`k miKvi †Kvb LvZ †_‡K m‡e©v”P ivR¯^ Avq K‡i? [24Zg, 43Zg I46Zg wewmGm]
(K) AvqKi (L) f~wgKi (M) Avg`vwb-ißvwb ïé (N) g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki DËi: N
02. evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g f¨vU Pvjy nqÑÑ [40Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1991 mv‡j (L) 1973 mv‡j (M) 1986 mv‡j (N) 1996 mv‡j DËi: K
03. g~j¨ ms‡hvRb Ki evsjv‡`‡k KLb ‡_‡K Pvjy Kiv nq? [25Zg I 40Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1 RyjvB 1991 (L) 1 RyjvB 1993 (M) 1 RyjvB 1995 (N) 1 Rvbyqvwi 1996 DËi: K
04. Ôe-TINÕ Pvjy Kiv nq KZ mv‡j? [45Zg wewmGm]
(K) 2013 mv‡j (L) 2014 mv‡j (M) 2015 mv‡j (N) 2016 mv‡j DËi: K

RvZxq ev‡RU- 2024-25

KZZg ev‡RU? 53Zg (1wU AšÍe©Zx©Kvjxb ev‡RUmn 54Zg)
ev‡R‡Ui ‡¯øvMvb myLx, mg„×, DbœZ I ¯§vU© evsjv‡`k wewbg©v‡Yi A½xKvi|
ev‡RU †NvlYv 6 Ryb 2024 wLª÷vã ev‡R‡Ui AvKvi 7,97,000 †KvwU UvKv (wRwWwcÕi 14.2%)
msm‡` ev‡RU 30 Ryb 2024 wLª÷vã cwiPvjbmn Ab¨vb¨ 5,32,000 †KvwU UvKv
cvm nq Lv‡Z e¨q
Kvh©Ki nq 1 RyjvB 2024 wLª÷vã GwWwc (ADP) 2,65,000 †KvwU UvKv
wRwWwcÕi 55 jvL 97 nvRvi 414 †KvwU UvKv| ivR¯^ Avq cÖv°jb 5,41,000 †KvwU UvKv (wRwWwcÕi 9.7%)
AvKvi mvgwMÖK NvUwZ 2,56,000 †KvwU UvKv
wRwWwcÕi AbywgZ cÖe„w× 6.75% ev‡RU NvUwZ c~iY Af¨šÍixY Drm: 1,60,900 †KvwU UvKv
g~j¨ùxwZ 6.5% (e¨vsK Drm n‡Z avi: 1,37,500 †KvwU UvKv +
kxl© eivÏK…Z LvZ- RbcÖkvmb| A-e¨vswKs Drm n‡Z avi: 23,400 †KvwU UvKv)
wØZxq m‡e©v”P eivÏK…Z LvZ- wkÿv I cÖhyw³| ‰e`wkK Drm: 95,100 †KvwU UvKv
Z…Zxq m‡e©v”P eivÏK…Z LvZ- cwienb I †hvMv‡hvM| (‰e‡`wkK Drm n‡Z avi: 90,700 †KvwU
evsjv‡`‡k me©vwaK 12 evi ev‡RU †ck K‡ib: UvKv + ˆe‡`wkK Aby`vb: 4,400 †KvwU UvKv)
Gg mvBdzi ingvb I Aveyj gvj Ave`yj gywnZ| RvZxq ivR¯^ †ev‡W©i 4,80,000 †KvwU UvKv|
gva¨‡g msMÖn [f¨vU n‡Z msMÖn: 182,000 †KvwU UvKv; AvqKi n‡Z msMÖn
175,600 †KvwU UvKv; Avg`vwb ïé I Ab¨vb¨ LvZ n‡Z msMÖn:
Kigy³ Avqmxgv 121,600 †KvwU UvKv]
mvaviY Ki`vZv: 350,000 UvKv| Ab¨vb¨ Drm n‡Z msMÖn 61,000 †KvwU UvKv [GbweAvi ewnf‚©Z Ki Avq]
gwnjv I 65 eQi ev Z`~aŸ© eq‡mi Ki`vZv: 400,000 UvKv| ¯§vU© evsjv‡`k: 2041 mv‡ji g‡a¨ Ô¯§vU© evsjv‡`kÕ G cwiYZ nevi
cÖwZeÜx e¨w³ I Z…Zxq wj½ Ki`vZv: 475,000 UvKv| cwiKíbv| PviwU g~j ¯Í‡¤¢i Dci wfwË K‡i| h_v: (1) ¯§vU© bvMwiK,
†M‡RUfz³ hy×vnZ gyw³‡hv×v Ki`vZv: 500,000 UvKv| (2) ¯§vU© miKvi, (3) ¯§vU© †mvmvBwU Ges (4) ¯§vU© BK‡bvwg|

▪ ev‡RU wbw`©ó A_©eQ‡ii m¤¢ve¨ miKvwi Avq-e¨‡qi wnmve-wbKvk‡KB— ev‡RU bv‡g AwfwnZ Kiv nq|
▪ BwZnv‡m cÖ_g ev‡RU DÌvcb K‡ib— †Rgm DBjmb| 1861 mv‡j Dcgnv‡`‡k cÖ_g ev‡RU ‡NvlYv K‡ib— jW© K¨vwbs|
▪ ¯^vaxb evsjv‡`‡k cÖ_g ev‡RU Dc¯’vcb K‡ib— ZvRDwÏb Avng` (30 Ryb, 1972 wLª÷v‡ã)|
▪ cÖ_g ev‡R‡Ui AvKvi wQj— 786 †KvwU UvKv| cÖ_g †Rjv ev‡RU cvq— Uv½vBj|
▪ evsjv‡`‡ki A_©eQi— 1 RyjvB †_‡K 30 Ryb| msweav‡b ev‡RU‡K ejv— Annual Financial Statement.
▪ 1 A_©eQ‡i 2 evi ev‡RU Dc¯’vcb nq— 1996-97 A_©eQ‡i|
▪ G ch©šÍ AšÍeZ©xKvjxb ev‡RU Dc¯’vwcZ nq— 1wU (1996-97 A_©eQ‡i)| evsjv‡`‡ki ev‡R‡Ui aiY— NvUwZ ev‡RU|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 625 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj
A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2024
cÖwZeQi cÖKvwkZ nq A_© gš¿Yvj‡qi A_© wefvM †_‡K| GDP’i wfwË eQi 2015-16 Ges GDP’i LvZ i‡q‡Q 19wU|
Av_©-mvgvwRK m~PK
mvaviY RbwgwZK cwimsL¨vb ‡gvU †`kR Drcv`b (GDP) mvgwqK
RbmsL¨v (wgwjqb) 171.00 PjwZ g~‡j¨ GDP (‡KvwU UvKv) 50,48,028
RbmsL¨v e„w×i ¯^vfvweK nvi (%) 1.33 w¯’i g~‡j¨ GDP (‡KvwU UvKv) 33,97,231
cyiæl-gwnjvi AbycvZ 96.3 t 100 w¯’i g~‡j¨ wRwWwc cÖe„w×i nvi (%) 5.82
RbmsL¨vi NbZ¡/eM© wK.wg. (Rb) 1,171 PjwZ g~‡j¨ RvZxq gv_vwcQz Avq (UvKv) 3,06,144
‡gŠwjK RbwgwZK cwimsL¨vb, 2023 PjwZ g~‡j¨ RvZxq gv_vwcQz Avq (Wjvi) 2,784
¯’~j Rb¥nvi (cÖwZ nvRv‡i) Rb 19.4 PjwZ g~‡j¨ gv_vwcQz GDP (UvKv) 2,94,191
¯’~j g„Zz¨nvi (cÖwZ nvRv‡i) Rb 6.1 PjwZ g~‡j¨ gv_vwcQz GDP (Wjvi) 2,675
wkï g„Zz¨nvi [GK eQ‡ii Kgeqwm (cÖwZ 27 cwienb (wK‡jvwgUvi) (‡deªæqvwi 2024 ch©šÍ)
nvRvi RxweZ R‡b¥)] Rb ‡gvU moK 22,476
cÖRbb nvi (15-49 eqmx bvix) 2.17 RvZxq gnvmoK 3,991
Rb¥wbqš¿Y c×wZ e¨env‡ii nvi (%) 62.1 AvÂwjK gnvmoK 4,898
cÖZ¨vwkZ Avqy®‹vj (eQi) 72.3 wdWvi/ †Rjv †ivW 13,587
cyiæl 70.8 ‡ijc_ 3,254
gwnjv 73.8 mÂq I wewb‡qvM (wRwWwcÕi %) 2023-24 (mvgwqK)
weev‡ni Mo eqm cyiæl (eQi) 25.8 ‡`kR mÂq 27.61
weev‡ni Mo eqm gwnjv (eQi) 18.8 RvZxq mÂq 31.86
¯^v¯’¨ I mvgvwRK †mev ‡gvU wewb‡qvM 30.98
my‡cq cvwb MÖnYKvix (%) 98.2 miKvwi 7.47
¯^v¯’¨m¤§Z cvqLvbv e¨enviKvix (%) 93.63 ‡emiKvwi 23.51
mvÿiZvi nvi (%) (7 eQi+) 77.90 ‰e‡`wkK †jb‡`b fvimvg¨ (wgwjqb USD)
cyiæl 80.1 ißvwb Avq, FOB (RyjvB-gvP©) 40,875
gwnjv 75.8 Avg`vwb e¨q, FOB (RyjvB-gvP©) 45,620
kÖgkw³ I Kg©ms¯’vb (‡KvwU) PjwZ wnmv‡ei fvimvg¨ 5,799
‡gvU kÖgkw³ (15 eQi+) 7.35 mvwe©K fvimvg¨ -4,754
cyiæl 4.80 Avw_©K cwimsL¨vb
gwnjv 2.55 ‡gvU e¨vsK 61
kÖgkw³i kZKiv nvi (%) ivóªxq gvwjKvbvaxb evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 6
K…wl 45.00 we‡klvwqZ e¨vsK 3
wkí 17.00 †emiKvwi evwYwR¨K e¨vsK 43
‡mev 38.00 ˆe‡`wkK e¨vsK 9
`vwi`ª¨ cwiw¯’wZ (%) e¨vsK ewnf©~Z Avw_©K cÖwZôvb 35
`vwi‡`ª¨i nvi 18.7 ‡bvU: weweGm Gi wi‡cvU© Abyhvqx eZ©gv‡b Zdwmwj e¨vsK
AwZ `vwi‡`ª¨i nvi 5.6 62wU (me©‡kl: bM` wcGjwm, 3 Ryb 2024)
g~j¨ùxwZ (%) evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk Avg`vwb Kiv nq Pxb †_‡K| GB
mvaviY 9.74 ZvwjKvq h_vµ‡g wØZxq I Z…Zxq Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q fviZ I
Lv`¨ 10.22 Rvcvb|
Lv`¨-ewnf©~Z 9.34 ‡`kwfwËK me‡P‡q †ewk ißvwb Avq Av‡m hy³ivóª †_‡K|
wRwWwc‡Z wewfbœ Lv‡Zi Ae`vb (K…wl : 11.02%; wkí: 37.95% Ges †mev 51.04%)
wRwWwc‡Z wewfbœ Lv‡Zi cÖe„w× (K…wl : 3.21%; wkí : 6.66% Ges †mev 5.80%)| mvwe©K GDP cÖe„w×i nvi 5.82%|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 626 # evsjv‡`k welqvewj
mvÿiZvi nv‡i kxl© wefvM— ewikvj Ges me©wb¤œ wefvM— gqgbwmsn| mvÿiZv nv‡i kxl© †Rjv— wc‡ivRcyi Ges me©wb¤œ
‡Rjv— ev›`ievb|
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb
 evsjv‡`k miKvi eq¯‹ fvZv Pvjy nq— 31 †g 1998 mv‡j (1997-98 A_©eQi)| G Kg©m~wPi D‡Ïk¨ n‡jv— ‡`‡ki
`y`©kvMÖ¯Í, Ae‡nwjZ, Avw_©K ˆ`‡b¨ RR©wiZ eq¯‹ Rb‡Mvôxi Av_©-mvgvwRK Ae¯’v‡K we‡ePbv K‡i mvgvwRK wbivcËv
†eóbxi AvIZvq wb‡q Avmv|
 weaev fvZv Pvjy nq— 1999 mv‡j| cÖwZeÜx fvZv Pvjy nq— 2006 mv‡j|
 `wi`ª gv‡qi gvZ…Z¡Kvjxb fvZv Pvjy nq— 2007-08 A_©eQ‡i|
`vwi`ª¨ ▪ evsjv‡`k miKvi I wewfbœ GbwRI¸‡jv bvbv Kj¨vYg~Lx c`‡¶c MÖn ‡Yi gva¨‡g ‡`‡ki `vwi`ª¨ n«v‡mi AvcÖvY ‡Póv K‡i
we‡gvPb hv‡”Q| GB avivevwnKZvq miKvi `yÕevi PRSP ev Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers MÖnY K‡iwQj|
‡KŠkjcÎ ▪ PRSP Mªn‡Yi c~‡e© miKvi we‡klÁ‡`i civg‡k© cix¶vg~jKfv‡e 2003 mv‡j GKevi IPRSP- Interim Poverty
(PRSP) Reduction Strategy Papers MÖnY K‡iwQj hv PRSP Gi wfwË ¯^iƒc KvR K‡i‡Q|
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkjcÎ (PRSP)-1 2005-2008 wk‡ivbvg— ÔUnlocking the Potential’
`vwi`ª¨ we‡gvPb †KŠkjcÎ (PRSP)-2 2009-2011 wk‡ivbvg— ÔcwieZ©‡bi c‡_ hvÎv : `vwi`ª¨ we‡gvP‡b RvZxq †KŠkjcÎÕ
 ‰`wbK 2,122 wK‡jvK¨vjwii Kg Lv`¨ MÖnY Ki‡j Zv Ab‡cÿ `vwi`ª¨ wn‡m‡e MY¨ Kiv nq| ˆ`wbK 1,805 wK‡jvK¨vjwii
wb‡P Lv`¨ MÖnY‡K Pig `vwi`ª¨ wn‡m‡e we‡ePbv Kiv nq| Gwkqvb †cvfvwU© jvBb Abyhvqx Gwkqv I cÖkvšÍ gnvmvMixq
A‡ji `vwi‡`ª¨i cwigvc me©wb¤œ 1 Wjvi 35 †m›U| DËiv‡j g½v †`Lv w`Z— fv`ª-Avwk¦b-KvwZ©K gv‡m|
 e‡i›`ª eûg~Lx cÖKí— DËiv‡ji 16 †Rjvq GB cÖKí Pvjy nq 1985 mv‡j|
 †h e¨w³ cÖwZw`b 1805 wK‡jvK¨vjwi Gi wb‡P Lv`¨ MÖnY K‡i Zvu‡K e‡j Hardcore Poverty ev nZ`wi`ª| wek^e¨vs‡Ki

g‡Z, hv‡`i ˆ`wbK Avq 1.90 Wjvi Gi Kg Zv‡`i‡K ejv nq nZ`wi`ª|

Ab¨vb¨ Z_¨:
Bail out kãwU— A_©bxwZi mv‡_ RwoZ| g~jZ †Kv‡bv †Kv¤úvwb ev Avw_©K cÖwZôvb ev †Kv‡bv †`k‡K ‡`Dwjqvcbv I
A¯^”QZv cÖwZ‡iv‡a A_©‰bwZK mnvqZvi e¨vcviwU‡KB ejv nq— ÔBail out’| BD‡ivcxq FY m¼U we‡kl K‡i wMÖm FY
m¼‡U ÔBail outÕ Ges ÔTroikaÕ kã `ywU me‡P‡q †ewk RbwcÖq nq| ÔTroikaÕ k‡ãi A_© wZbwU Dcv`v‡bi mgvnvi ev A Set
of Three. BD‡ivcxq †eBj AvD‡Ui mgq GwM‡q Avmv wZbwU cÖwZôvb IMF, European Commission, European
Central Bank ‡K GK‡Î Troika e‡j| D‡jøL¨, IMF Gi FY kZ©hy³ Ges Gi Rb¨ eo ai‡bi A_©‰bwZK ms¯‹vi
Ki‡Z nq|

cÖkœ mgvavb
01. 2003-04 m‡bi evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi †gvU e¨q- [24Zg wewmGm]
(K) 20,300 †KvwU UvKv (L) 19,200 †KvwU UvKv (M) 17,100 †KvwU UvKv (N) 19,500 †KvwU UvKv DËi: *
02. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡ii c¯Ö ÍvweZ ev‡R‡U evwl©K Dbœqb Kg©m~wPi Rb¨ KZ eivÏ Av‡Q? [39Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1,72,000 †KvwU UvKv (L) 1,73,000 †KvwU UvKv
(M) 1,70,000 †KvwU UvKv (N) 1,71,000 †KvwU UvKv DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: RvZxq ev‡RU- 2024-25 †gvZv‡eK, GwWwc (ADP) ‡Z eivÏ 2,65,000 †KvwU UvKv|
03. evsjv‡`‡ki 2018-19 A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U wRwWwcÕi cÖ‡ÿwcZ cÖe„w×i nvi KZ? [39Zg wewmGm]
(K) 7.80 kZvsk (L) 8.00 kZvsk (M) 7.28 kZvsk (N) 7.65 kZvsk DËi: *
04. 2015-2016 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki Mo g~j¨ùxwZ wQj- [38Zg wewmGm]
(K) 5.92% (L) 6.0% (M) 6.41% (N) 6.43% DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: RvZxq ev‡RU- 2024-25 †gvZv‡eK, wRwWwcÕi AbywgZ cÖe„w× 6.75% Ges AbywgZ g~j¨ùxwZ 6.5%|
05. evsjv‡`‡ki 1994-45 mv‡ji ev‡R‡U wkÿv Lv‡Z eiv‡Ïi cwigvY KZ? [16Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1824 †KvwU UvKv (L) 1842 †KvwU UvKv (M) 1876 †KvwU UvKv (N) 1867 †KvwU UvKv DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: 2024-25 A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U wkÿv I cÖhyw³ Lv‡Z eivÏ 111,157 †KvwU UvKv| kxl© eivÏK…Z Abybqœ b LvZ- RbcÖkvmb|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 627 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # PZz_© Aa¨vq)
06. evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z ‡Kvb Lv‡Zi Ae`vb me‡P‡q ‡ewk? [44Zg wewmGm]
(K) K…wl (L) wkí (M) evwYR¨ (N) ‡mev DËi: N
07. evsjv‡`‡ki GDP ‡Z K…wlLv‡Zi Ae`vb KZ? [26Zg wewmGm]
(K) 70 kZvsk (L) 73 kZvsk (M) 75 kZvsk (N) 77 kZvsk DËi: *
08. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki GDP-‡Z wkí Lv‡Zi Ae`vb KZ kZvsk wQj? [40Zg wewmGm]
(K) 29.66% (L) 30.66% (M) 32.66% (N) 33.66% DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_ © ‰b w Z K m g xÿ v -20 2 4 † gv Z v‡ e K , wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb: 11.02%; wkí Lv‡Zi Ae`vb: 37.95% Ges †mev Lv‡Zi Ae`vb: 51.04%|
A_©vr evsjv‡`‡ki wRwWwc‡Z Ae`vb me‡P‡q †ewk— †mev Lv‡Zi Ges cÖe„w×i nvi me‡P‡q †ewk— wkí Lv‡Zi| wRwWwc‡Z K…wl Lv‡Zi Ae`vb— µgk n«vmgvb|
09. 2020-21 A_©eQ‡i wRwWwc (GDP) cÖe„w×i nvi KZ? [44Zg wewmGm]
(K) 5.68% (L) 9.94% (M) 7.66% (N) 6.94% DËi: *
10. 2015-16 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki AwR©Z A_©‰bwZK ceÖw×i nvi- [37Zg wewmGm]
(K) 6.85% (L) 6.97% (M) 7.00% (N) 7.05% DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2024 Abymv‡i, wRwWwcÕi cÖe„w×i nvi, 5.82% Ges g~j¨ùxwZ/gy`ªvùxwZi nvi 9.74%|
11. wek¦e¨vsK K‡e evsjv‡`k‡K wbgœ ga¨g Av‡qi ‡`k wn‡m‡e ZvwjKvfy³ K‡i? [44Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1 Ryb 2014 (L) 1 Ryb 2015 (M) 1 RyjvB 2015 (N) 1 RyjvB 2016 DËi: M
12. 2000 mvj bvMv` evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v `vuov‡e- [15Zg wewmGm]
(K) 200 wgwjqb (L) 120 wgwjqb (M) 100 wgwjqb (N) 230 wgwjqb DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2024 Abymv‡i, eZ©gv‡b evsjv‡`‡ki RbmsL¨v 171 wgwjqb (ïgvwi, 2023)|
13. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK †m±i¸‡jvi g‡a¨ †Kvb Lv‡Z †ewk Kg©ms¯’vb nq? [40Zg wewmGm]
(K) wbg©vY LvZ (L) K…wl LvZ (M) †mev LvZ (N) wkí KviLvbv LvZ DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2024 †gvZv‡eK, RxweKv‡Z wb‡qvwRZ Kg©ÿg Rb‡Mvôx- K…wl Lv‡Z : 45.00% (me©vwaK
Kg©ms¯’vb), wkí Lv‡Z : 17.00% Ges †mev Lv‡Z : 38.00%|
14. Inclusive Development Index (IDI) Gi wfwˇZ `wÿY Gwkqvq evsjv‡`‡ki ¯’vb KZ? [40Zg wewmGm]
(K) cÖ_g ¯’vb (L) wØZxq ¯’vb (M) ZZxq ¯’vb (N) PZz_© ¯’vb DËi: L
e¨vL¨v: Inclusive Development Index (IDI) Gi wfwˇZ `wÿY Gwkqvi `‡k¸‡jvi g‡a¨ evsjv‡`‡ki Ae¯’vb
wØZxq| G ZvwjKvq kx‡l© Ae¯’vb Ki‡Q †bcvj|
15. gvwK©b Wjv‡i 2001-02 A_©eQ‡i evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwb Avq cÖvq? [24Zg wewmGm]
(K) 8 wewjqb (L) 6 wewjqb (M) 5 wewjqb (N) 7 wewjqb DËi: *
16. 2018 mv‡j evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvwb Avq KZ? [40Zg wewmGm]
(K) 40 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi (L) 41 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi
(M) 42 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi (N) 43 wewjqb gvwK©b Wjvi DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2024 †gvZv‡eK, ‰e‡`wkK †jb‡`b fvimvg¨ (wgwjqb USD):
ißvwb Avq 40,875 Avg`vwb e¨q 45,620
17. ‰Zwi †cvkvK †_‡K evsjv‡`‡ki ißvwb Av‡qi kZKiv KZ fvM Av‡m (1995-96 Gi wnmve g‡Z)? [18Zg wewmGm]
(K) cÖvq 50 fvM (L) cÖvq 54 fvM (M) cÖvq 56 fvM (N) cÖvq 60 fvM DËi: *
18. evsjv‡`‡ki †gvU ißvwb Av‡q †iwW‡gW Mv‡g©›Um Gi Ask KZ? [15Zg wewmGm]
(K) 75% (L) 56% (M) 35% (N) 60% DËi: *
19. evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q ‡ewk ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AwR©Z nq †Kvb LvZ †_‡K? [21Zg I 23Zg wewmGm]
(K) Pv (L) cvU I cvURvZ `ªe¨ (M) ˆZwi †cvkvK (N) wPswo gvQ DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: evsjv‡`‡ki me‡P‡q †ewk ˆe‡`wkK gy`ªv AwR©Z nq ˆZwi †cvkvK wkí †_‡K| we‡k¦ ˆZwi †cvkvK ißvwb‡Z kxl©
†`k- Pxb, wØZxq- evsjv‡`k Ges Z…Zxq- wf‡qZbvg| ˆZwi †cvkvK ißvwb‡Z evsjv‡`‡ki cÖwZØ›Øx- wf‡qZbvg| ‰Zwi
†cvkvK Avg`vwb‡Z kxl© †`k- hy³ivóª| BD‡ivcxq evRv‡i ˆZwi †cvkvK ißvwbi cwigv‡Y kxl© †`k- evsjv‡`k|
20. evsjv‡`‡ki B‡KvbwgK wiwfD, 2016 Abymv‡i evsjv‡`‡ki wkï g„Zz¨i nvi (cÖwZ nvRvi RxweZ R‡b¥)- [38Zg wewmGm]
(K) 18 Rb (L) 28 Rb (M) 34 Rb (N) 42 Rb DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv- 2024 †gvZv‡eK, ¯’~j Rb¥nvi (cÖwZ nvRv‡i) 19.4 Rb Ges ¯’~j g„Zz¨nvi (cÖwZ nvRv‡i) 6.1
Rb| wkï g„Zz¨nvi [GK eQ‡ii Kgeqwm (cÖwZ nvRvi RxweZ R‡b¥)] 27 Rb|
 Bb‡mckb WvB‡R÷ # 628 (evsjv‡`k welqvewj # PZz_© Aa¨vq)
21. evsjv‡`‡k me‡P‡q ‡ewk ißvwb K‡i- [37Zg wewmGm]
(K) Pxb (L) fviZ (M) h³ivR¨ (N) _vBj¨vÛ DËi: K
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2024 Abymv‡i, evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk cY¨ Avg`vwb K‡i Pxb †_‡K| GB ZvwjKvq h_vµ‡g wØZxq I Z…Zxq Ae¯’v‡b i‡q‡Q
fviZ I Rvcvb| evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk cY¨ ißvwb K‡i- hy³iv‡óª| we‡k¦ ißvwb‡Z kxl© †`k- Pxb Ges we‡k¦ Avg`vwb‡Z kxl© †`k- hy³ivóª|
22. PjwZ Avw_©K ev‡R‡U K…wl‡Z fZz©wK KZ UvKv aiv n‡q‡Q? [26Zg wewmGm]
(K) 300 †KvwU UvKv (L) 400 ‡KvwU UvKv (M) 500‡KvwU UvKv (N) 600 ‡KvwU UvKv DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: 2023-24 A_©eQ‡ii ev‡R‡U K…wl‡Z fZ©ywKi cwigvY-35,374 †KvwU UvKv| mv¤úªwZK Z_¨ wbf©i cÖkœ|
23. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb †`k †_‡K me‡P‡q †ewk mivmwi ˆe‡`wkK wewb‡qvM (Direct Foreign Investment) n‡q‡Q? [18Zg
wewmGm]
(K) Rvcvb (L) hy³ivR¨ (M) `wÿY ‡Kvwiqv (N) gvj‡qwkqv DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: mv‡j evsjv‡`‡k mivmwi wewb‡qv‡M (FDI) kxl© †`k- hy³ivóª| we‡k¦ wewb‡qv‡M kxl© †`k- Pxb| we‡k¦ wewb‡qvM cÖvw߇Z kxl© †`k- hy³ivóª|
24. evsjv‡`‡k wWwMÖcvß wPwKrmK cÖwZ RbmsL¨v KZ? [13Zg wewmGm]
(K) cÖvq 4797 Rb (L) cÖvq 4572 Rb (M) cÖvq 9791 Rb (N) cÖvq 8212 Rb DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2024 Abyqvqx evsjv‡`‡ki Wv³vi I RbmsL¨vi AbycvZ 1: 1724|
25. evsjv‡`‡ki A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv 2014 Abyhvqx Mo mvÿiZvi nvi— [35Zg wewmGm]
(K) 61.1% (L) 57.9% (M) 56.8% (N) 65.5% DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2024 Abymv‡i, Mo mvÿiZvi nvi (7 eQi+)— 77.9 kZvsk (cyiæl 80.1% I gwnjv 75.8%)|
26. miKvwi wnmve g‡Z evsjv‡`wk‡`i Mo Avqy- [37Zg wewmGm]
(K) 65.4 eQi (L) 67.5 eQi (M) 70.8 eQi (N) 73.7 eQi DËi: *
e¨vL¨v: A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2024 †gvZv‡eK, evsjv‡`wk‡`i Mo Avqy®‹vj 72.3 eQi (cyiæl-70.8 Ges gwnjv-73.8)|
27. evsjv‡`‡ki me©vwaK Rbkw³ ißvwb K‡i †Kvb †`‡k? [46Zg wewmGm]
(K) mshy³ Avie AvwgivZ (L) ‡mŠw` Avie (M) Kz‡qZ (N) gvj‡qwkqv DËi: ‡bvU
e¨vL¨v: me‡P‡q †ewk evsjv‡`wk Rbkw³ Kg©iZ— ‡mŠw` Avi‡e| A_©‰bwZK mgxÿv-2024 †gvZv‡eK me‡P‡q †ewk †iwgU¨vÝ Av‡m— mshy³ Avie
AvwgivZ †_‡K| (2q : hy³ivóª)| evsjv‡`‡k evwYwR¨K NvUwZi AwaKvsk c~iY nq †iwgU¨vÝ †_‡K| ‡iwgU¨vÝ AR©‡b evsjv‡`k we‡k¦— Aóg| (cÖ_g:
fviZ)| 2023-24 A_©eQ‡i cÖevmx‡`i †cÖwiZ A_©— 17,074 wgwjqb gvwK©b Wjvi| evsjv‡`k †_‡K me‡P‡q †ewk ißvwb Kiv nq— hy³iv‡óª|
AÂj wn‡m‡e evsjv‡`k me‡P‡q †ewk ißvwb K‡i— BD‡ivcxq BDwbq‡b|
28. evsjv‡`‡k †Kvb mv‡j eq¯‹ fvZv Pvjy nq? [36Zg I 43Zg wewmGm]
(K) 1995 (L) 1996 (M) 1997 (N) 1998 DËi: N
29. Ô‡m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©UÕ wK‡mi mv‡_ mswkøó? [43Zg wewmGm]
(K) kÖg evRvi (L) PvKzwi evRvi (M) ÷K gv‡K©U (M) K…wl evRvi DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: Ô‡m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©UÕ kãwU cÖZ¨ÿfv‡e ÷K gv‡K©‡Ui mv‡_ mswkøó| †m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©‡U wewb‡qvMKvixiv Ab¨vb¨ wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i KvQ †_‡K wmwKDwiwUR¸‡jv wK‡b
÷K G·‡P‡Äi gva¨‡g| we‡k^ RbwcÖq †m‡KÛvwi gv‡K©‡Ui D`vniY n‡jv b¨vkbvj ÷K G·‡PÄ (GbGmB); wbDBqK© ÷K G·‡PÄ (GbIqvBGmB) cÖf…wZ|
evsjvv‡`‡ki ÷K G·‡PÄ n‡jv XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ (DSE), PÆMÖvg ÷K G·‡PÄ (CSE)| XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ (DSE) 1954 mv‡j Ges PÆMÖvg ÷K G·‡PÄ (CSE)
1995 mv‡j cÖwZwôZ nq| evsjv‡`‡ki ÷K gv‡K©‡Ui Kvh©µg K‡i evsjv‡`k wmwKDwiwUR GÛ G·‡PÄ Kwgkb (BSEC)| Aciw`‡K, cÖvBgvwi gv‡K©‡U wmwKDwiwU
ˆZwi Kiv nq| cÖvBgvwi gv‡K©‡U †Kv¤úvwb¸‡jv cÖ_gev‡ii g‡Zv wewb‡qvMKvix‡`i Kv‡Q bZzb ÷K Ges eÛ ˆZwi K‡i|
30. evsjv‡`‡k †kqvievRvi Kvh©µg wbqš¿Y K‡i? [34Zg wewmGm]
(K) A_© gš¿Yvjq (L) cÖavbgš¿xi Kvh©vjq
(M) evsjv‡`k e¨vsK (N) wmwKDwiwUR G·‡PÄ Kwgkb DËi: N
31. ÷K †kqv‡i cÖewZ©Z bZzb c×wZ †KvbwU? [26Zg wewmGm]
(K) wWwf‡WW (L) wWf¨vjy (M) wWg¨vU (N) wWmKvD›U DËi: M
e¨vL¨v: 1954 mv‡ji 18 GwcÖj c~e© cvwK¯Ívb ÷K G·‡PÄ A¨v‡mvwm‡qkb ¯’vwcZ nq| Gici 1962 mv‡ji 23 Ryb Gi bvg cwieZ©b
K‡i c~e© cvwK¯Ívb ÷K G·‡PÄ wj. Ges 1964 mv‡ji 14 †g Avevi cwieZ©b K‡i XvKv ÷K G·‡PÄ wj. (DSE) ivLv nq| 1995
mv‡j wmwKDwiwU I G·‡PÄ Kwgkb PÆMÖv‡g †`‡ki wØZxq ÷K G·‡PÄ cÖwZôvi Aby‡gv`b †`q| G Kwgkb ÷K †kqv‡ii †ÿ‡Î †ek
wKQz Dbœqbg~jK c`‡ÿc MÖnY K‡i| †hgb: wWg¨vU (demat) e¨e¯’vi †kqvi †jb‡`‡b wWcwRUwi c×wZ Pvjy, AvšÍR©vwZK gvb I
c×wZ cÖeZ©b, cÖ‡qvRbxq AeKvVv‡gv M‡o †Zvjv BZ¨vw`|