DC MACHINE
Simulation 5
Simulation Project (5)
DC Motors
Supervised by
Dr/Mohamed sharawy
Team
B.N Name
3 احمد السيد عبد الرحمن
22 اندرو هاني أنور
24 جون جورج صبحي
79 مصطفي سعيد السيد
72 محمد معوض عبد هللا
88 هيام ايمن صبحي
89 هيام رضا سيد
Introduction
The dc machine can operate both as a generator and as a motor. When the dc machine operates
as a motor, the input to the machine is electrical power, and the output is mechanical power. If
the armature is connected to a dc supply, the motor will develop mechanical torque and power.
In fact, the dc machine is used more as a motor than as a generator. DC motors can provide a
wide range of accurate speed and torque control.
At the heart of a DC motor is a simple concept: the interaction between magnetic fields
produced by electrical currents. DC motors consist of two main components: the stator and the
rotor. The stator is the stationary part of the motor and typically consists of a frame, field
windings, and pole pieces. The rotor, on the other hand, is the rotating part of the motor and
includes a shaft, armature winding, and commutator.
In this report we will study and analysis the performance and characteristics of a separately
excited DC motor rated at 5HP with a field voltage of 300V and armature fed from full wave
controlled rectifier with 240V. Specifically, we aim to study the condition of output speed with
change of armature and field voltages, and condition of output voltage with change of loads
(mechanical torque) by using MATLAB simulation.
Used components & their functions
1- Ac voltage source:
It is used to produce an AC voltage (sinusoidal
voltage wave) to feed armature windings (after
using a fully wave-controlled rectifier).
2- Thyristor:
It can be used as rectifiers to convert alternating
current (AC) into direct current (DC). When a thyristor
is forward-biased, it conducts current in one direction,
allowing only positive half-cycles of an AC
waveform to pass through.
3- Pulse generator:
A pulse generator, also known as a gate pulse generator or
firing pulse generator, is a circuit or device used to generate
the control signal needed to trigger the thyristor into
conduction.
4- DC machine:
DC machines, also known as direct current machines, are
electromechanical devices that convert electrical energy
into mechanical energy or vice versa (we use it in our
model as a DC motor).
5- DC voltage source:
It is used to produce a DC voltage to feed field
windings to produce a required magnetic field by controlling field current.
6- display:
It is used to show the value of a variable
or expression.
7- Scope:
It refers to a visualization tool.it allows you to monitor and
visualize signals generated by your Simulink models in real-time
or after simulation runs (makes graphs).
8- current & voltage measurements:
They are measurement devices used in our model.
-The Voltage Measurement block measures the instantaneous
voltage between two electric nodes.
-The Current Measurement block is used to measure the
instantaneous current flowing in any electrical block or
connection line.
9-Powergui:
The powergui block allows you to choose one
of some methods to solve your circuit.
10-constant:
The Constant block generates a real or complex
constant value signal. It takes in our model value
of the input torque in DC machine.
11-Gain:
The gain block multiplies the input signal by a scaling
factor to produce the output signal. This scaling factor
can be a constant value set by the user, or a variable
determined dynamically during simulation.
12-Bus selector:
The Bus Selector block is to extract specific elements or
signals from a bus signal. You can use the block to access
individual signals within a bus signal without needing to
unpack the entire bus.
13-Capacitor:
After rectification, the output waveform is pulsating DC, which contains
ripples or variations in voltage due to the alternating nature of the input
AC signal. Capacitors are employed to reduce these ripples and provide
a more stable DC voltage output.
14-Slider
To set the values easily with range
Schematic diagram of simulation project
Operation and Methods
output speed Vs Armature voltage
In this method, the field voltage and load torque will be constant and armature voltage is
varying to show speed change.
-at 260V, the mean value of output
speed is 1750rpm.
-by reducing the voltage to 200V, the output
Speed is became 1172rpm.
output speed Vs Field voltage
In this method, the armature voltage and load torque will be constant and field voltage is
varying to show speed change.
-At 300V, the mean value of output speed
is 1750rpm.
-By reducing the voltage to 450V,the mean
value of output Speed is became 1262rpm.
Output voltage Vs Load change
In this method, the armature voltage and field voltage will be constant and load torque is
varying to show output voltage change (back emf).
-At load torque 100N.M, the RMS
value of output voltage is 270V.
-By reducing the load torque to
50N.M, the RMS value of output
voltage is became 260V.
Results
When dc motor is loaded with constant load, the output speed is directly proportional to the
armature voltage (applied voltage) at constant field voltage. and inversely proportional to the
field voltage (magnetic flux) at constant armature voltage.
When the load of dc motor increase, the current of armature will be increased and output
voltage (back emf) will be reduced due to armature loses which make it inversely proportional
with the load of motor.
