Japan's "G" Laboratory, Prof.

Shinichi Seike

36
37
38
IV. VIKTOR SCHAUBERGER (Austria) (1885-1958)

The scientific work of Viktor Schauberger has to rank him as one of the greatest natural scientists of all time, due to
his monumental efforts to understanding and applying water flcw/,its quality and the concept of "going with the flow
of nature"!
His work ranged all the way from improving water quality agricultural methods, hydroturbines and prime movers,
to electric power generators and anti-gravity flight vehicles, and yet he is never mentioned in traditional physics books
which is significant commentary on the state of our "so-called advanced technological society today! Our
"advanced" technology is at the level of little children playing in sand boxes, and the work of Tesla, Moray, Searl,
Schauberger and Newman have all proven this to be true!!
Although Viktor Schauberger's work covered a wide range, only his contributions to the alternate energy field will
be described in this section. Schauberger's energy work centered on his theory of utilizing "implosion" rather than
conventional "explosion" in our prime movers, and the significance of concentric and excentric energy flow "spirall-
ing" in connection with dipolarity. He vigorously disagreed with our current explosion/combustion technology and
demonstrated that implosion and concentric spiral flowing were the way that nature effectively transferred energy,
and was able to prove it to be so!
Of major importance is his development of the amazing "implosion generator" which featured the direct applica-
tion of his concentric spiralling water flow which attained "negative friction" and thus self-propulsion in the lower
portion of his hyperbolic tubing configuration which was the key portion of the generator. Another way to consider
"negative friction' in the lower tubing zone is that a point is reached where the water in this zone starts to "pull" on
the water volume in the upper tubing zone of the spiral tubing, so that it is easy to see how self-propulsion is possible
under this condition.
The type of hyperbolic spiral is evident in nature by the honors of the Kuda antelope which presents this special
spiral configuration with a uniformly diminishing cross-sectional area, which tends to increase the water flow velocity
uniformly within the spiral tubing. The major problem with the implimentation of Schauberger's implosion generator
techniques has been the difficulty in faithfuly reproducing this hyperbolic spiral path, with its difficult compound
curves and diminishing cross-sectional area, as illustrated. Several attempts have been made abroad to successfully
duplicate Schauberger's original implosion generator, but there are no reports of operating units or test performance
data to date.
A practical implosion generator can consist of utilizing two opposite hyperbolic spiral tubing sets on a horizontal
axis and secured to a central vertical, hollow drive shaft. The input end of the spiral tubes descend into a water reser-
vior within a sealed water tank, as illustrated. A motor drives the vertical shaft through a one-way clutch unit so that
de-coupling takes place when the rotor/tubing assembly is at critical speed where self-propulsion occurs, and thus a
load can be driven by such a self-propelled arrangement.
Schauberger's invention of the "suction spiral" and the "suction turbine," is based on the same principle as the
twisting action of rivers, which is caused by the movement and rotation of the earth. In the river, vacuums are formed,
creating a negative pressure and thus suction pockets are evident. Schauberger maintained that centripetal, hyperbolic
spiral movement is symptomatic of falling temperature, contraction and concentration. The centrifugal movement, on
the other hand, is synomymous with rising temperature, heat, expansion and explosion.
By ignoring the pioneering science of Viktor Schauberger, present-day establishment science behaves as if collective
scientific stupidity has somehow become a virtue.

39
WHO WAS VIKTOR
SCHAUBERGER?
They called me deranged. The hope is that they are
right. It is of no greater or lesser import for another fool
to wander the earth. But if I am right and science is
wrong - then may the Lord God have mercy on
mankind.

Viktor Schauberger

The destructive and dissolving form of movement is

centrifugal in Nature—it forces the moving medium
from the centre outwards towards the periphery in
straight lines. The particles of the medium appear to be
forced out from the entre. The medium is first weaken-
ed, then it dissolves and breaks up. Nature uses this ac-
tion to disintegrate complexes which have lost their
vivacity or have died. From the broken-down
fragments, new co-ordinated forms, new identities can
be created as a result of this concentrating form of
movement. The centripetal, hyperbolic spiral movement
is symptomatic of falling temperature, contraction, con-
centration. The centrifugal movement, on the other
hand, is synonymous with rising temperature, heat, ex-
tension, expansion, explosion. In Nature, there is a con-
tinuous switch from one movement to the other; but if
development is to occur, then the movement of growth
must be predominant."

40
IV. VIKTOR SCHAUBERGER PROJECTS

a) Institute of Ecological Technology (IET), Stockholm, Sweden (Box 9, S-942000 Elvsbyn, Sweden),
Institute of Ecological Techniques (DIFOT), Copenhagen, Denmark (Ellebuen 21, DK-2950 Vedbek, Denmark).
Two of the Scandinavian countries, Sweden and Denmark have formed development groups which are interested in
the pioneering work of Viktor Schauberger and the prospects for reintroducing his advantageous environmental
technology.
Towards the end of the 1950's, a Swedish science group was formed to carry out environmental improvement work
and went through a series of evolutions to become the Institute for Ecological Technology,-established in 1979. Since
that time their enrironmental improvement project effort has been centered on the past, historical work of Viktor
Schauberger because of the tangible value of his series of environmental projects. Schauberger has constantly main-
tained that all of our technology should be "going with the flow of nature" rather than attempting to force actions
which are contrary to natural motions.
Because of the growing problems of water pollution in all the industralized nations much of the current efforts are
aimed at the various possible solutions to this problem, based on Viktor Schauberger's findings. In regard to clearing
up polluted rivers, Viktor Schauberger maintained that by the simple addition of specially-shaped flutes carefully
placed within the river bed, a beneficial spiralling flow would allow the rivers to clean themselves, naturally. Although
he was usually rebuffed by the establishment in attempting to introduce this method, thankfully, his work is now be-
ing continued today by these far-sighted European ecological groups.
The development of the water-cleansing device mentioned in Proceedings from the First International Symnposium
on Non-conventional Energy Technology held in Toronto, 1981, page 91 and shown in an early state of development
has successfully been brought to an end in the Danish Institute of Ecological Techniques. It shall be put into manufac-
ture in spring 1987 and will cost appr. US $100. Especially tests with seed-growing in the purified, cleansed and vitaliz-
ed water have given surprising results. The device was originally given the research group in the final form from a
medium claiming that UFO-intelligences had inspired her!

b) Biotechnical Academy - Walter Schauberger (Son of Viktor) Austria

The Biotechnical Academy was established, with direction by Walter Schauberger, with the purpose of furthering
the pioneering work of Viktor Schauberger in both the theoretical and applied areas of the technology.
The scientific team, under Walter Schauberger's direction, are working to match hardware environmental models
with the corresponding attributes and motions of nature. They are attempting to validate each and every one of Viktor
Schauberger's ecological findings and models to prove that our present technology direction is basically wrong!
c) Energy Unlimited Albuquerque, New Mexico
Walter P. Baumgartner, the director of Energy Unlimited is an advocate of Viktor Schauberger's technology and a
believer in both natural vortex motion and implosion techniques. Energy Unlimited is now involved in developing an
implosion motor to show the natural principle of vortex motion as a key to motion, propulsion and power.
Designing, developing and testing are in progress at the present by an E.U. research team.
In the case of the Implosion Motor there is no heat barrier, no sound barrier, because with friction at a minimum,
no heat is generated. On the contrary, due to the sprial contraction of the water flow, there is cooling and this creates a
vaccum which increases the suction pull.
42
 V. JOSEPH NEWMAN

The recent scientific work of Joseph Newman has to be considered in the "Pathfinder" category since he has made
not one, but a number of significant new contributions to advanced electrical technology. While he has now received
considerable publicity for his "motor-/thing," during early 1983 and later, the various theories and concept have been
developed over the past fifteen years prior to these recent disclosures.
Although the descriptions in the press refer to his unit as a "motor," the most desirable embodiment of his hard-
ware is that of a low-speed motor-generator, as disclosed in his South African patent. In this desirable version of his
motor/generator, the first key feature noted is the large field coil length and number of turns utilized. As Newman
stated:-It is generally unrecognized by science that conventional copper conductors produce a useful magnetic field,
and that the strength of this magnetic field within a field coil is directly proportional to the length/number of turns in
these field coils.
The second major contribution to electrical technology is the discovery by Newman that we should be considering
other types of metallic conductors for their magnetic field strength levels, rather than by their conductivity levels
alone, in regard to their use in motors and generators. This "Newman effect" has already lead to the discovery of
plated types copper conductors such as tinned-copper buss wire which produce up to three times the magnetic field
strengths, over plain copper conductors.
Another major feature of his "pathfinding" motor/generator design is the introduction of an all-magnetic rotor as
the rotor component which provides a very high level magnetic field interchange with the field coil, without any fer-
rous drag present as in conventional electric motors/generators. Of significant importance to the generator portion of
his technology is the application of a second identical, or nearly identical field coil which is inductively-coupled with
the first, motor section field coil. It becomes readily apparent that this second field coil in close parallel proximity
greatly benefits from being inductively-coupled to the first, motor field coil via the "Newman effect" or increased
magnetic field level transferred from field coil to field coil.
Obviously, such an astute combination of beneficial electrical functions can readily produce an "over-unity" out-
put, which the U. S. Patent Office doesn't presently recognize as being possible. The worst point about this present
situation with the Patent Office is that they have elected to "stonewall" the Newman patent application rather than
consider it on its scientific merits, which are in numerous forms.
As if his motor/generator,-operating on Faraday's principle is not enough, Joseph Newman has introduced two
"solid state,"-or Maxwell Second Equation principle units which are noteworthy in their own right. The first of these
units is known as the Gas Embodiment Unit, which consists of a series of permanent magnets which react with a gas
within a sealed chamber environment. The gas within the inner sealed chamber reacts with the permanent magnets to
produce an E.M.F. Since the gas contains an extremely large number of particles which are in continuous, random
motion, and these are exposed to a varying magnetic field strength as they are in motion, and E.M.F. is produced, in
compliance with Maxwell's Second Equation principles, although the expected E.M.F. output will be quite small.
The second of the "solid state devices is known as the Static Emobidment which consists of a discrete combination
of a horsewhoe type of permanent magnet and matched coil unit which interact to produce a small E.M.F. when a cor-
rect alignment is obtained between them. This small device also apparently complies with Maxwell's Second Equation
pinciples, although the expected E.M.F. output will be quite small.
Joseph Newman has also made enlightening contributions towards the understanding of gyroscopic mechanical ac-
tion within magnetic fields, ie: These particles consist of a gyroscopic mechanical action which can be operationally
(mechanically) understood and predicted. Reference is made to his book: "The Energy Machine of Joseph Newman.''

a) The Newman Motor/Generator Principles

Although the new motor/generator art of Joseph Newman has now been proven valid and workable, a considerable
amount of practical development effort remains to be done before a practical and marketable machine will be
available for private homes around the country.
Since all the operating features are now basically established for Newman's machine, it remains for the individual
components such as the magnetic rotor, field coils, commutator to be reduced in size and weight, while the E.M.F.
output remains close to the original level. A number of companies have shown interest in producing Newman's
motor/generator, but before any of these are selected, they must be prepared to convert Newman's present art to a
practical and producable version, as described above.
The present position of the Newman art reminds one of Chester Carlson's dry copier art, before the deal was made
with Battelle Development Corp., to produce a marketable end product. After Battelle successfully developed a prac-
tical dry copier, XEROX was formed, and the rest of the success story is history!
There are some obvious design improvements which can convert the present Newman technology toward a practical
end product, which are as follows:
l)Replacement of the present ceramic (Ba-Fe) permanent magnets with the new N.I.B.-(neodynium-iron-boron) per-
manent magnets to reduce both the size and weight of the magnetic rotor, while maintaining nearly the same magnetic
field level for the rotor.
43
2) The evolution of a new type of combined metallic conductor, which is either lighter (aluminum)/or produces a
much higher magnetic field value than conventional copper conductors.
3) The use of TWO inductively-coupled secondary coils, on either side of the main, motor field coil, so that TWICE
the magnetic field strength is covnerted into a nearly DOUBLED E.M.F. to drive a larger load!! Reference is made to
FIG. 6, of the Newman South African Patent.
A further close study of the various component relationship will probably reveal some other design improvements which can be
adopted to bring this excellent, basic motor/generator art closer to practical realization.

b) Electrodyne Corporation - Electromagnetic R & D for FIE Units

The Electrodyne Corporation has been organized to carry out R & D effort in several design areas including dynamic Faraday
systems, and solid state Maxwell-type devices.
One of the projects is to design and build a conventional electromagnetic unit, generally similar to Dr. Kenyon's generator and
combine this with a Searl effect section, as a hybrid system.
Because of their basic belief in the value of Joseph Newman's new motor/generator art, these researchers are now actively
seeking to improve combined metallic conductors, as a solution to Newman's design improvement needs, as per item 2, above.
The project work in this area, to date, has already found that off-the-shelf -tinned-copper buss conductor wire produces approxi-
mately three times the magnetic field level compared to plain copper conductor wire.

44
 MAGNETIC FIELD EVALUATION TESTS
THREE TYPES OF STRANDED CONDUCTORS May 26,1985

1) Top coil of ferrous (steel) stranded picture w i r e , four (4) turns

for an approximate length of fifteen (15) feet.

2) Central coil of copper,stranded wire,-about f i f t y (50) turns, for

a total length of 260 running feet.

3) Lower coil of aluminum ,stranded wire,-about twenty-two (22) turns

total length of 116 running feet

4) Replaced top coil of tinned copper solid conductor, 24 Gauge,-50 Ft.

These conductor wire sizes and lengths were used from available
stock on hand,which accounts for the random l e n g t h s . Although the wire
sizes and lengths are not equal and not standard, the test results are
never the less useful when general comparisons and interpolations are
made .

TEST RESULTS

1) The magnetic f i e l d strength of the copper c o i l was = 2-1/2 Gauss.

2) The magnetic field strength of the aluminum coil was: 1 Gauss.

3) The magnetic f i e l d strength of the ferrous c o i l was:- 1 Gauss.

4) The magnetic f i e l d strength of the tinner/copper c o i l - 1 - 1 / 2 Gauss.

While these magnetic field strengths are very low, so are the number
of coil turns,and total wire l e n g t h , as noted. An important point e s t -
ablished by these tests is that the magnetic f i e l d rating is d i r e c t l y
proportional to the wire length, as indicated.

TEST CONCLUSIONS
These test results prove that Joseph Newman's contention that a
magnetic f i e l d is produced around an e l e c t r i c a l conductor carrying a
small E.M.F. is correct, in all its implications.

45
DESCRIPTION OF SMALLER UNIT
The following is a smaller unit (see photograph 15-C2 below) composed of 30-guage, insulated, copper wire
weighing approximately 145 lbs. (atoms) and having a rotating magnet of 14 lbs. (atoms). This portable unit, with very
little current input, clearly demonstates an energy output which is greater than the external energy input. With 300
volts input of pressure, only 1 1/2 milliamps of current (volume of gyroscopic particles) went into the copper coil (of
atoms), which is less than 1/2 watt input for an energy output in excess of 10 watts.

46
47
48
JOSEPH NEWMAN'S TECHNOLOGY - Multi Field Coil Concept

Joseph Newman has something more to teach us with Figure 6, below, of his South African Patent!!
Simply stated, he is showing us that we can use our input E.M.F. and apply it too!!
To clarify this above statement, Newman's S. A. patent art discloses that the initial E.M.F. can be used to run the
motor portion of his unit (300) in the drawing, below, while the electrical field effect increases the magnetic field of the
motor coils, (303), as was previously discussed and illustrated.
The motor field coils (305) in turn, can be inductively coupled to one, two, or as an optimum of three induction
coils, which then become E.M.F. generators, as (306) which will operate with no back-EMF involved.
The multiple induction field coils (306) are illustrated below in schematic form.

This is a very significant and momentus development in electrical engineering and specifically in electrical
motor/generator design, which has not as yet had its full impact in the o/u/o field.
A minimum of threefold electrical output over unity ratio can easily be expected with the maximum ratio yet to be
determined. It is projected that the maximum output to input ratio could be as high as twenty-five to one, by the use of
optimum field coil design, that is the use of at least three secondary field coils, as indicated, and the idealizing of all
the functional components of the unit.

From Bruney Research:- Any increased drain on the secondary coil windings will cause an increased current drain in
the primary windings. However, the greater the current drain in the primary coils, the stronger the interaction between
the primary coil and the permanent magnet (rotor). The result is that the increased current drain increases the output
of the machine. The maximum output is, in turn, limited by the field strength of the permanent magnets.
In summary, the addition of the multiple secondary coils should effectively increase both the output and efficiency
of the machine.

49
 Statement of Roger Hastings, Ph.D.
Before the Subcommittee on
Energy, Nuclear Proliferation, and Government Processes
Dated July 30,1986

THE NEWMAN CONTROVERSY

My name is Roger Hastings. Thank nent magnet armature, d.c. motor. The demonstration following this hearing
you for the opportunity to address this difference between Newman's design today in an auditorium in this
Committee. Before I discuss Dr. and the prior art is one of scale: very building), which runs on 0.0008 amps
Newman's device, let me tell you large magnet and very large coil. at 3000 volts and turns a 16-inch fan
something about my background, how Newman's large motors contain con- blade at more than 500 r.p.m. How
long I've known Joe Newman, and ventional ceramic magnets weighing up much torque can this motor produce?
then I'll make my observations about to 700 pounds. His smaller motors use Try to stop the motor by holding the
Newman's device, and repeat my powerful rare earth magnets. The coils two-inch daimeter shaft. This will not
criticisms of the recent N.S.B. tests of typically are wound with more than be possible for a normal human,
Newman's device. 100,000 turns of copper wire. Since the although the motor will never draw
coil resistance is therefore high, the more than 0.003 amps or nine watts.
I. BACKGROUND machines operate on battery voltage This motor is a scale model of a motor
My education, through the Ph.D., is which is sufficiently high (hundreds to which Newman intends to build to
in physics. I have served as a Professor thousands of volts). power an automobile.
of physics for four years, and for the The torque applied to the magnet in Newman's motors are unconven-
past five years I have worked as a these motors is proportional to the pro- tional in other ways. One notices the
physicist for the Sperry Corporation in duct of the strength of the magnet, the flourescent tubes which are placed
St. Paul, Minnesota. My current title is number of turns of copper wire, and across the motor coil. These tubes are
Senior Staff Scientist, and I am the the current flowing through the wire. lit by the coil's collapsing magnetic
manager of Sperry's Superconductive In Newman's machines extremely large field occuring when the battery voltage
Electronics Technology Center. I have torques can be developed with very is switched. They are used to protect
known Mr. Joseph Newman for five small current inputs. If we scale up the mechanical switch from damage
years. During this time I have tested Newman's motor, it is theoretically due to arcing. The additional power
most of the many prototype motors possible to obtain infinite torques with produced in these tubes (and flowing
which he has constructed, and I have infinitesimal current flow (and not through the system) occurs at very high
witnessed testing by other technical violate any laws of physics). However, frequencies, prim'arily in the range of
people. I have become familiar with according to conventional thought, as ten to twenty million cycles per second.
Mr. Newman's theories and attitudes. I soon as this magnet began to rotate, This r.f. (ratio frequency) current has
represent myself in this matter, and doing work against some load applied been accurately measured, and exceeds
have never represented Sperry Corp. to its shaft, the back emf (elec- the battery input current by factor of
regarding Mr. Newman or his tromotive force) produced by the five to ten in the various motors. One
machine. rotating magnet would produce a back of Newman's motors was monitored
current which nearly cancels the input with a computerized high-speed data
II. NEWMAN'S DEVICE current, and the torque would be sampling system, with the following
Newman's motors all consist of a reduced to nearly zero. The magnet results:
very powerful permanent- magnet could not rotate, or would rotate ex- (1) The r.f. appears in bursts, with
which rotates or reciprocates within or tremely slow with the shaft power out- the repeat time between approximately
near a coil consisting of a very large put less than the battery input. equal to the length of the motor win-
number of turns of copper wire. The Consider what has happened to con- ding divided by the speed of light in
coil is energized by a battery pack, and copper. The r.f. bursts showed little at-
ventional thought in the past when
the magnetic field produced by the coil tenuation during their travel through
people have experimented with the
provides the torque or force required the coil, maintaining their shape and
limits of very high speeds (relativity),
to rotate or reciprocate the permanent amplitude.
very small dimensions (quantum
magnet. A mechanical commutator (2) The r.f. current and voltage were
mechanics), very low temperatures
reverses the direction of current flow in phase, representing the real power.
(superconductivity and superfluidity).
through the coil each half cycle, and in (3) The r.f. current and voltage
Newman's motors probe the limits of
some models also chops the current in- wave-forms were offset from ground,
very large torque with very small cur-
put between current reversals. indicating a net d.c. component.
rent input. And they do rotate at
Technically, the motor may be describ- relatively high rates. For example,
ed as a two pole, single phase, perma- witness Newman's latest prototype (on
50
net d.c. component. this power the motor output. [See NBS Rpt. lack of communication between the N.B.S.
(4) The net r.f. power at the battery pack at 7. Fig. 4. "Schematic Drawing of New- and Newman or any other expert on New-
represented a negative power which ex- man device and input and output power man's technology. Considering the impor-
ceeded the d.c. input power from the bat- measurements circuits," reproduced with tance of Newman's machine and its poten-
teries. comments plainly referring to the "Resis- tial applications, this waste of N.B.S. re-
The last statement may explain why tors" as such in the accompanying chart.] sources and misrepresentation of Newman's
Newman has been able to demonstrate the In layman's terms, this is equivalent to device is an insult to those seriously in-
charging of dry cell batteries placed in his stating that the output of an electric motor terested in the machine and to those who
system. Battery failure has occurred through plugged into a wall socket is given by the may benefit by its future applications.
internal, shorts which develop within the power used by a lightbulb in the next room
batteries rather than by depletion of the which is on the same circuit. The measure-
energy stored within the batteries. When ment of power consumed by these parallel
you witness the demonstration of New- resistors is clearly irrelevant to the efficiency
man's latest prototype, if you attend the of the Newman motor.
demonstration following his hearing, bear in The actual input power to the Newman
mind that the batteries will last many times Motor (battery input minus power con-
longer than expected for a drain of 0.0008 sumed by their resistors) is referred to in the
amps. A prominent battery company is report as "internal losses." No attempt was
working with Newman to develop batteries made to measure the mechanical output of
which will stand up to the r.f. power levels, the Newman motor. Nor was any mea-
and perhaps last even longer. surement made of heat generated in the
Newman's motor design is based on his motor windings.
theory of gyroscopic particles which he ex-
plains in his book "The Energy Machine of B. The Additional Energy N.B.S.
Joseph Newman." Full utilization of his Lost From The System
machine will require a detailed mathemati- It has been demonstrated by myself and
cal representation of the phenomena based others that much of the excess energy gener-
on a thorough understanding of the atomic ated in the Newman machine occurs at very
processes at work. This will require a paral- high frequencies (in particular between 10
lel program of experimentation using the and 20 MHz). It has also been demonstrated
finest resources available. Application pro- that the high frequency current will flow to
grams have already been conceived (for the ground if given the opportunity. If New-
example, the car motor), and will require man's machine is grounded through a high
prototyping and manufacturing efforts. resistance, heat will be produced in the re-
Newman should be immediately awarded a sistpr which represents an additional motor
patent and become recognized in the scien- output. In the N.B.S. testing, the Newman
tific community for his accomplishments to motor was connected directly to ground,
date. thus eliminating the excess r.f. power from
the system [See NBS Rpt. at 7 (Fig. 4.)
III. AN EVALUATION "Schematic Drawing of Newman device
OF N.B.S. TESTING and input and output power measurement
circuits," reproduced with comments plain-
I have been asked whether the recent ly referring to the "Ground" as such in the
N.B.S. tests alter the opinions I've expressed accompanying chart.] The report states that
before and I'm repeating here today. The "the power flow in the device is primarily a
recent N.B.S. tests don't alter my opinion low frequency phenomena." This result was
because N.B.S. failed to test Newman's guaranteed by the test set up. Again, the
device. oscillographs shown on page 3 of the report
I have read and evaluated the Newman show clean low frequency waveforms. All
motor test results reported by R. E. Hebner, oscilloscope waveforms which I have ob-
G. N. Stenbakken, and D. L. Hillhouse in served on Newman motors which are prop-
National Bureau of Standards Report erly connected, have by contrast been dom-
#NBSIR 86-3405. [See "Report of Tests on inated by extremely large high frequency
Joseph Newman's Device," U.S. Dept. of components.
Commerce, dated June 26, 1986, herein-
after referred to as "the NBS Rpt. at ____ ".] C. Conclusion
A. N.B.S.'s Energy "Output" In conclusion, the N.B.S. failed to mea-
Measurements sure the output of the Newman motor, and
While the reporters display fine creden- instead measured the output of parallel re-
tials and demonstrate the use of precision sistors. In addition, the primary r.f. energy
equipment, they obviously did not test the generated by the machine was shunted to
Newman motor. Instead they measured the ground. Their measurements are therefore
power consumed in resistors placed in par- irrelevant to the actual functioning of the
allel with the Newman motor, and called Newman device. These results reflect a total

51
 Preliminary Analysis of Newman Machines

Abstract
The essential efficiency mechanism within Newman In FIGURE 3, the magnet is shown during the first 90°
Machines are the motions of flux lines either perpendicular of rotation, with a drive current flowing through the win-
or opposite to the rotation direction of a permanent ding that generates a magnetic field around the winding, as
magnet. Traditional equal and opposite CEMF (counter shown by arrow-lines 5.
electromotive force) losses are circumvented, and the per- This winding field is of the same magnetic polarity as the
manent magnet is made to perform work via inductive in- magnet, and causes the magnet to rotate due to mutual
teraction. magnetic repulsion. This mutual repulsion also causes the
magnetic flux lines of the permanent magnet to be pushed
General Description inward and rotated forward of the magnet as shown. The
FIGURE 1 shows the basic components of a Newman forward displacement exists because the energy transfer
Machine, consisting of a stationary conducting coil, a between the drive current and the rotating magnet is im-
rotating permanent magnet, and a commutator which peded by the moment of inertia of the magnet. The inertial
rotates with the magnet. mass cannot respond to instantaneous drive current
About 24-28 times per 360° of magnet rotation, the com- changes, so not all the electrical input energy is effectively
mutator alternately switches drive current from a battery transformed and stored as kinetic energy of rotation.Con-
to the coil, then disconnects the drive current and series- trarily, the magnetic flux lines of the magnet are displaced
connects the coil to an electrical load. The switching takes instantly by instananeous changes of the same drive cur-
place rapidly, as a spark jumps across the commutator rent, and therefore act as an energy storage means for that
gaps for each switching event. The commutator also portion of the input energy which causes the deformation.
reverses the direction of the drive current to the coil every If the drive current to the coil suddenly ceases (as it does
180° rotation. in Newman Machines), the magnetic flux lines of perma-
The sequence of events within the device are: nent magnet expand outward and rearward to their
1. Energy, in the form of electric current from a battery, original shape, releasing the energy stored during their
is supplied to the coil. As a result, one would expect: deformation.
a. Part of the input energy is invested in a magnetic field The outward perpendicular expansion of the flux lines
which forms around the current flowing within the win- induces current in the winding as the flux lines cut across
dings of the coil: and the conductors. The induced current is in a direction which
b.Part of the input energy is invested in the rotation of magnetically opposes the advancing field of the permanent
the magnet, as a result of the interaction between the magnet; that is, the perpendicularly induced current is in
permanent magnet and the field around the coil. the same direction as the original drive current.
2. Electric current from the battery to the coil ceases. The In FIGURE 4, the magnet is shown during the second
coil is immediately connected to a series electrical load. 90° of rotation, with a drive current as above passing
One result is that: through the winding.
a. Part of the input energy, stored in the coil magnet In this quadrant, the winding field is opposite to the
field, is delivered through the electrical load as the polarity of the permanent magnet, and causes the magnet
magnetic field collapses. to rotate by magnetic attraction. This mutual attraction
If one considers only the induction action of flux lines causes the magnetic flux lines of the permanent magnet to
rotating with the permanent magnet, one would expect be pulled outward and rotated forward of the magnet, as
that: shown by arrow-lines 6. This stretching of the field again
b. The remaining part of the input energy, invested in acts as an energy storage means for that portion of the in-
magnet rotation, induces a current in the coil, which put energy which causes the stretching.
gives rise to an equal and opposite magnetic field If the drive current to the winding suddenly ceases (as in
around the coil that directly opposes the rotation of the Newman Machines), the magnetic flux lines of the perma-
magnet. nent magnet retract inward and rearward to their original
The above results, however, do not reflect perpendicular shape, releasing the energy stored during their deforma-
or opposite motions of the permanent magnet flux lines tion.
relative to the coil windings. These flux motions are shown The inward perpendicular retraction of the flux lines in-
schematically in FIGURES 2-4. duces current in the winding as the flux lines cut across the
In FIGURE 2, a permanent magnet, 1, is free to rotate conductors. The induced current is in a direction which
around pivot 2, under the influence of a coil of wire, 3. In magnetically attracts the receeding field of the permanent
these figures, a single conductor of the coil is shown for magnet; that is, the perpendicularly induced current is
simplicity, but in practice many windings are used. The again, in the same direction as the original drive current.
permanent magnet's lines of flux are shown in FIGURE 1 The cycle is repeated for the third and fourth 90°
by curved arrow-lines, 4. In FIGURE 1, no field is shown quadrants of rotation, only with the drive current direction
around winding 3, as no current is flowing in the winding. reversed.

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 The switching rate of the commutator can be chosen to progressively increasing energy (the magnetic field) occurs
function in concert with the inertia of the rotating magnet around the material. This trait of magnetic materials, in
so that potential CEMF's which could be created by which the energy logic appears reversed, is termed a
magnet rotation are eliminated. If the drive current ceases broken symmetry. It is this logic which is manifested by the
while the magnet is still accelerating (i.e., while the energy output of the Newman Machines.
magnetic field is still deformed), the magnetic flux lines The work must be performed either by the alignment of
retract across the winding in a direction opposite to the more election spins or by the spins themselves. (The work
direction of magnet rotation. The switching rate can be output cannot be performed by demagnetization, as
made rapid enough so that induced currents in the positive demagnetization requires energy input.)
direction diminish as the magnet rotation increases, but If the work is performed by increasing spin alignment,
(oppoisng) CEMFs in the winding are never induced. thermal and flux strength measurements of the magnet
Perpendicularly and oppositely induced currents only should be undertaken.
occur when the drive current to the winding ceases. Since If the work is performed by the individual spins, other
the collapsing magnetic field around the winding (original- testing procedures may be necessary. Electron spin is a
ly created by the drive current) also tends to induce a win- conserved quantity, now believed by physicists to be dic-
ding current in the same direction, the two induction ef- tated by the higher dimensions of space-time structure as
fect simultaneously add together. described in supersymmetry theories. These therories have
When the perpendicularly and oppositely induced cur- evolved via high-energy (creation) schemes: low energy ef-
rents flow in directions to drive the magnet rotation, a dyn- fects have not been anticipated. If individual electron spins
amic interaction between these currents and the permanent perform work in the Newman Machines, it is likely that a
magnet occurs. The deformity of the magnetic field low-energy supersymmetric field connection exists in order
reduces as the magnet rotates. The reducing deformity in- to maintain the invariance of electron spins.
duces currents in the winding which increase the rotation In either circumstance, the efficiency of the device will
rate of the magnet. Increasing the magnet rotation rate diminish as the magnet loses its magnetism. Assuming no
reduces the deformity more rapidly, which increases the demagnetization effects created by alternating magnetic
rate of induction of current into the winding, further ac- fields present during device operation, and assuming a
celerating the magnet, etc. During this progressively in- good magnet is estimated to lose about 5% of its strength
creasing interaction, the permanent magnet performs work every 100 years due to ambient thermal effects, the device
as it induces the complimentary current in the winding. will be down to half its power output in about 1300 years.
This performance of work by the magnet is similar to the
work performed by a magnet when attracting a piece of
iron, although the mechanism for attraction is different.
The mutual interaction tends to prolong the magnetic in-
teraction times between the magnet and the winding until
the drive current is again switched on at the beginning of
the next pulse cycle. This prolonged and anomalously large
current flow has been described in published tests of the
Newman Machines.
If the electrical load resistance in series with the coil is
reduced in value (that is, if the electrical load increases),
the effects of the perpendicular and opposite inductions in-
crease as more current is allowed to flow through the coil.
This in turn increases the complex interaction between the
coil and the magnet; increasing the electrical load increases
the rotation speed of the magnet and decreases the amount
of input current required to drive the electrical output
load. These traits have also been noted in reports on the
Newman Machine.
The energy source for the anomalously high output is
the permanent magnet. The output trait of the machine to
increase power output as the load increases is suggestive of
a characteristic of the permanent magnet itself.
As a heated permanent magnet material is cooled, it spon-
taneously changes from a non-magnetic to a magnetic
state. The effect is caused by the increasing alignment of
unpaired elecrtron spins within the cooling material. As
energy is removed from the material, a manifestation of

53
54
 In the "preliminary analysis," the focal point was the unique inductive "backlash" effect which reverses the effect
of Lenz's Law. Lenz's Law is the means by which energy is conserved during the "traditional" processes of induction.
The induced field must act so as to oppose the change that is causing it, thus preventing the induced emf from ex-
ceeding unity gain. Quoting, for example, from a freshman college text (Physics, A Discovery Approach, Edwards,
S., 1971, John Wiley & Sons, N.Y., NY, p. 205), "If the induced field should act so as to enhance (rather than oppose)
the change in flux...(initial) change." (There are many similar statements in other textual material.) It is this exact
"snowball" effect between the magnet and winding which causes the permanent magnet to perform work in Newman
Devices, thus producing higher- than-unity energy output.
This inductive blacklash effect must be optimized with respect to both the inertial moment of the permanent magnet
and the inductive time constant of the coil in order to maximize efficiency. The time constant of the inductor must be
faster than the angular acceleration of the magnet, but not so fast that the inertial mass of the magnet does not res-
pond to the impulses created. This timing is, in turn, directly related to the "ideal matching."
This "ideal matching" consideration requires a clear understanding of the associated engineering and physical
parameters of the coil.
The first parameter is the inductance of the coil. The formula for coil inductance is:

It should be clear from these three formulas that the increased magnetic field observed around larger coils comes
from an increased time constant and increased inductance. Relating the magnetic field energy around the coil ex-
clusively to a "steady state" Ohm's law current can be misleading for Newman type devices.
In the third paragraph on page two of your October 6, 1986 presentation on Newman technology, a confirmation
was mentioned that tinned copper produces a higher magnetic field than plain copper. Since no measurements or
quantities were given on the degree of difference, it would be difficult to comment on other than saying that the dif-
ference observed may be attributable to difference of inductances or differences in magnetic susceptabilities between
the materials compared.

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