RESEARCH ARTICLE | OCTOBER 03 2022
Embedded based smart LPG gas detection and safety
management system
P. Anandan ; Vysyaraju Tharun Raj; Putchakayala Namratha; Abdul Hameed;
Balaveerannagari Mahammad Farooq
AIP Conf. Proc. 2519, 050017 (2022)
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110382
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Online Citation
06 February 2025 17:10:38
Embedded Based Smart LPG Gas Detection and Safety
Management System
P Anandana), Vysyaraju Tharun Raj, Putchakayala Namratha, Abdul Hameed and
Balaveerannagari Mahammad Farooq
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D Institute of
Science and Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu - 602117, India
a)
Corresponding author: [email protected],
Abstract. In this modern society and increasing, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) population usage is more required. The
leakage of gas causes a serious hazard in many cases. A Safety system for automatic switching system and gas leakage
detection is proposed. The device is intended for household safety where LPG is used. This system contains two
modules: the Delay module and the Detection module. The Delay module works based on input and activates the system.
The detection module checks change in threshold values of gas (es) level and activate the system. We can add modules
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like a buzzer for an audiovisual alarm for the system. This system is an advantage compared to the existing system as all
are secondary safety systems. After giving input, there is no requirement of human intervention and completely working
with the battery model to avoid circuit complexity. In today's society, safety is extremely important, and appropriate
safety measures must be established in learning and employment. This work improves the existing safety paradigm used
in industry, and it may also be applied in homes and workplaces. The project's main goal is to create a hazardous gas
detection and warning system using a microcontroller.
Keywords: Delay module, Detection Module, Threshold, Audiovisual System, Complexity.
INTRODUCTION
LPG is also known as liquid petroleum gas, is an explosive mixture of hydrocarbon gases and is used as a source
of energy in heating, cooking, and vehicles. Gas is usually utilized in many countries because it's a well-liked fuel
source. Within the olden days, the cooking process strategy is harmless compared to recent days cooking process
method. The disadvantage of the gas cooking method, there's no reliability and safety. To overcome these issues the
industries, innovate new sorts of cooking systems using the latest technologies. In recent days the highly flammable
gas leakage accidents became dreadful. Because LPG gas is heavier than air, it does not easily diffuse and suffocates
when inhaled. So, it's mandatory to take care while using gas for cooking. Such gas leaks Increase the danger of
firesides and explosions, which causes damage to the lifetime of people and property. This happens due to a scarcity
of prior warnings. These domestic hazards are found to occur more often. So, the aim is to design primary and
secondary safety security systems to stop such gas leakage accidents.
Because of their beneficial features, the current variety of gas cooking systems is widely used worldwide. As a
result, the risk level is high. To stop this, the automated gas cooking system is meant to support the microcontroller
Arduino at mega [1]. The system is made up of mechanical and electrical components. The gas valve designates
mechanical components. Electrical circuits and electronic parts are used to represent electrical components. For the
implementation of this circuit, the Proteus is the application chosen [2]. Gas leakage results in various accidents that
damage both properties and human lives. By illicit filling of the death chamber likewise causes mishaps. So, the
framework is required to spot and forestall the spillage of LPG [3]. The system displays the current state of gas
leakage and the monitoring and control procedures for LPG spillage. The MQ6 sensor won't detect gas leakage and
send messages to the user on an android application using IoT. By monitoring home and temperature and fire, a
The First International Conference on Advances in Computational Science and Engineering
AIP Conf. Proc. 2519, 050017-1–050017-6; https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0110382
Published by AIP Publishing. 978-0-7354-4204-7/$30.00
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buzzer will on when the temperature exceeds above the edge value [4]. Automatically controlling gas leakage using
relay by using microcontroller. The microcontroller-based Arduino Uno system with a gas sensor is employed to
detect leakage of dangerous gases. If leakage is sensed, SMS are going to be sent to the persons using GSM. The
load cell is employed to weigh the cylinder and alerts the person in-house by SMS to vary the cylinder. P.
KanakaMaha Lakshmi, P.S.G. Aruna Sri, P. Gopi Krishna, during this paper, proposed a framework and produced
utilizing a Raspberry pi. MQ5 sensors are wont to detect the leakage of gas [5]. Once the gas leakage is detected, it
alarms using an audiovisual indication system and sends the messages to the user through email. This framework
was accomplished by using python software [6]. The system proposed by Ravi Kishore Kodali, Tirumala Devi B,
Sasweth C. Rajanarayanan [9] uses Node Mcu microcontroller and bigots, IoT platform to send a message and email
to the user and gas agency. MQ2 gas sensor to detect gas leakage and cargo cell to live the load of the gas cylinder.
The proposed topic, Embedded Based Smart LPG Gas Detection and Safety Management System using an
embedded system, deals with two significant issues are cooking controlling, gas leakage detection [7]. 8051
microcontroller is employed for this purpose. All the input devices like gas sensors, keypads alongside output
devices like audiovisual, i.e., Buzzer and LED, Motor, display are interfaced. The circuit is implemented in
Professional Proteus 8.0 software [8].
PROPOSED DESIGN
The proposed design includes an MQ2 gas sensor and a timer interfaced with an 8051 controller. This deals with
two significant issues gas leakage detection and cooking controlling system [9]. The gas cooking process is
controlled using an embedded system by setting the time on the keypad. The leakage of gas is detected employing a
gas sensor. If the gas concentration limits the threshold value, the user gets notified. [10] Buzzer starts beeping when
it detects the leakage of gas. The DC motor is fixed at the stove or cylinder regulator. [11] Suppose the gas
concentration is seen in the air. In that case, the microcontroller interrupts the motor drive circuit, activates the
system, rotates the DC motor, and will turn off the knob of the gas cylinder. [12]
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The Schematic Diagram representation of the primary and secondary systems is shown in below Figure 1.
FIGURE 1.Schematic diagram
The Block Diagram representation of the primary and Secondary Systems is shown in Figure 2.
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Display
Keypad
Controller
Motor
MQ-6 Gas
Sensor
Audio Visual
FIGURE 2.Block diagram
8051 Controller
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The purpose of choosing the 8051 controllers shown in Figure 3 is for basic in the controller and for the easy
way of coding. This controller will be primarily available in all laboratories. The Crystal frequency of the controller
is 11.052MHZ, along with two timers. [13] The advantage of the controller has four separate active ports among
those having a Port 0 has active Low. Having more knowledge can go for higher available controllers. But for the
learning era, this might be most useful. [14]
FIGURE 3.8051 Microcontroller FIGURE 4.MQ6 Gas sensor FIGURE 5.LED and Buzzer
Keypad
There are numerous types of keypads available. According to the port declaration for coding, features like
RESET can also be used if available. Connect the keypad to the 8051 microcontrollers and connect the keypad's 8
terminals to any microcontroller port (8 pins) [15]. We've linked keypad terminals to Port 1 of the 8051 in the same
way.
Gas Sensor
MQ-6/5 or some available versions can be used, as shown in Figure 4. The advantage of this sensor can also
detect smaller concentrations that will be suitable for leakage detection. We can also have a sensor driving circuit
that requires DC power of 5v, where it is digitized using an ADC. This sensor has the same sensitivity for LPG and
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CH4. The controller continuously reads the voltage from the sensor and compares the reading with the calibration
value. If the sensor value exceeds the predefined value, the controller activates the motor and audiovisual alarm.
Dc Motor
Here we require a higher voltage for controlling the motor, for that, we are using a motor driver circuit (L293D).
We can connect two motors if we want to keep a stove or 1 motor at a cylinder regulator using this driver circuit.
The motor plays a crucial role in both primary and secondary safety systems. Select motors according to cost-
effectiveness and availability. The DC motor is used.
Display
The state of the system is displayed on display. It provides continuous visual information for the concentration of
the gas.
Audiovisual System
This contains both LED and BUZZER components shown in Figure 5. We can use both or optionally according
to Port and voltage efficiency. When the system is activated, these two components get activated.
CIRCUIT OPERATION
This Proposed circuit consists of modules: primary and secondary safety systems.
Our project got classified into two major types:-
a) PRIMARY SAFETY
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In this, we are completely focussing on automating the process by using a timer in the 8051 controllers. Initially,
we will set some delay in the controller, which is required for our process. The working process will be like the
motor is going to rotate about an angle of 90 degrees for a certain delay in the controller. For example:- if we are
cooking something in the pressure cooker by maintaining the temperature of the fire as per the requirement(i.e.,
according to the dish) for a constant time, then there is no need to concentrate on the cooking process. We have set
the timer for the motor by providing some delay to the timer that turns off the regulator knob. When the delay is
completed, the motor starts to rotate to 90 degrees, which operates the regulator knob, resulting in the switching
down the knob. Due to this, we can minimize the wastage of extra gas, and the user has no worries about their dish,
which is prepared. From this, we can get work relaxation, and in parallel, we can focus on other work.
To provide some additional safety measures to the equipment, we can connect our motor holder to the stove so
that people can feel safe with working or to do additional modifications for our system. [14]
b) SECONDARY SAFETY
The purpose of going to make or take a secondary safety measurement is to avoid the chances of danger
probability from the primary working model/system. If any delay system is unable to work due to which the knob
isn't turned down, resulting in fire accidents to overcome this problem, we are adding a sensor (MQ6) or any
available version. [15] Adding this sensor to the model detects fire or any leakage of gas from the stove or any
cooking elements within its range. When it detects the gas in the atmosphere, it will send an acknowledgment signal
to the controller to turn on the motor, and the motor rotates up to an angle of 90 degrees which will turn off the
regulator or the stove knob. Additional to this, we can buzzer (sound element) circuit. By adding a buzzer, we can
get an alarm whenever there is a gas detection in the surrounding of the sensor. When this happens, the user can
switch off the knob before the timer does this, which can avoid fire accidents. We can also use a buzzer when the
knob is turned down to get an alarm for their completion of the dish. The buzzer is helpful during the detection of
gas leakage.
We can add some components like push-button or additional features that can be modified using circuit
simulation software (Proteus) and coding Keil(4th version) software.
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SIMULATION RESULT
FIGURE 6.Simulation on the primary safety system
CONCLUSION
In this work, we have concentrated on various types of hazards due to the LPG gas. The recommended
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mechanism can calculate the concentration of LPG gas in the air, which helps troubleshoot gas leakage and works
with a delay mechanism in a user-friendly environment. It also includes the Audiovisual mechanism to pre-indicate
hazards. This system is of many advantages to both household and industry environment. The proposed system is
quite innovative to provide both primary and secondary safety to avoid future calamities. An embedded system for
hazardous gas detection has been developed; only two gases (LPG and Propane) have been identified for
demonstration purposes. The gas sensors and the critical level of the corresponding gas should be understood before
this system can detect various gases in domestic areas such as educational institutions, residential, and industrial
regions without risking human life. This system has a fast response rate, and the critical situation may be diffused
faster than with manual techniques.
FURTHER SCOPE
The proposed system can be implemented with a cloud mechanism through IoT that helps to communicate with
the user. The proposed system has compatibility to upgrade with advanced controllers. The proposed system can be
enhanced with an automatic gas booking mechanism by analyzing the weight of the cylinder using a load cell.
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