NAVLE practice test

1. A litter of 6 week old kittens is being evaluated because of intermittent

soft stools with flecks of blood. The kittens are confined in an unsanitary
cage. Two direct fecal examinations show oocysts. Which of the following is
the most appropriate therapy?

dichlorvos
fenbendazol
ivermectin
piperazine
sulfadimethoxine: sulfadiemthoxine (Albon, for coccidiosis)
2. On examination of the cranial nerves in a 3-year old female cat, the right
pupil appears to be larger than the left pupil. The right pupil shows no
response when light is shone into either eye. The left pupil constricts when
light is shone into either eye. Mild ventrolateral strabismus is noted in the
right eye only. These findings are most consistent with a lesion at which of
the following locations?

left occipital cortex right

occipita cortex right optic
(II) nerve right oculomotor
(III) nerve
right abducens (VI) nerve: right oculomotor (III) nerve
3. A 4-year old second-lactation Holstein cow that is 150 days in milk has
been in anestrus since calving. On palpation of the rectum, a cystic structure
that is 3cm in diameter is identified on the left ovary. Administration of which
of the following is the most appropriate initial treatment?

Follicle-stimulating hormone followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone in

15 days
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15 days
Melengesterol acetate followed by prostaglandin in 19 days
Prostaglandin followed by melengestrol acetate in 19 days: Gonadotropin-
releasing hormone followed by prostaglandin in 15 days

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4. A 10-year-old commercial beef cow has had a gradually diminished

appetite and progressive weight loss over the past two months. Feces are dry
and scanty. She continues to drink water. Physical examination shows
distention of the left paralumbar fossa and ventral right abdominal wall. On
rectal palpation, the rumen is full of firm ingesta and the ventral sac extends
to the right of midline (L-shaped). Which of the following is the most
appropriate next step?
Administration of bisthmuth subsalicylate with sucrose
Administraiton of magnesium hydroxide
Exploratory laparotomy
Salvage to slaughter
Surgical creation of a rumen fistual: Salvage to slaughter
5. Fifteen percent to 20% of feedlot heifers that recently arrived from
several auction markets are anorectic. Physical examination of the heifers
shows serous nasal and ocular discharge, short explosive cough, and
hyperemia of nasal mucosa. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?

Atypical interstitial pneumonia

Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
Mucosal disease
Pasturellosis
Mycoplasmosis: Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
6. A group of 1000 5-week-old pigs has experienced a 2% death loss since
weaning two weeks ago. most of the deaths were sudden; however,
approximately 3% of the pigs showed clinical signs of lethargy, lameness,
and labored breathing before dying. Postmortem examination of an affected
pig shows severe fibrinous pleuritis, pericarditis, and peritonitis. Which of the
following is the most likely causal organism?

Arcanobacterium suis
Escheria coli
Haemophilus parasuis
Salmonella cholerasuis

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Streptococcus suis: Haemophilus parasuis

7. A 9-week-old Rottweiler-mix puppy is beign evaluated because of an
itchy rash around the lips and eyelids. Temperature is 103.3*F. Physical
examination shows swellign of the muzzle, pruritic, exudative pustiles around
the lips and eyelids, and swelling of the submandibular lymph nodes
bilaterally. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

Cephalexin and prednisone

Clindamycin and carprofen
Enrofloxcin and etodolac
Topical amitraz
Topical betamethasone: Cephalexin and prednisone
8. A 5-year old Simmental cow who is used as a donor for embryo transfer
is evaluated because of the acute onset of anorexia and lethargy. She has
been flushed six times; the most recent flushing occured 10 days ago. Rectal
temperature is 104*F . During PE, the cow is reluctant to move and
periodically kicks at her abdomen. On rectal palpation, the left kidney is
grossly enlarged and has a smooth texture. When stimulated to urinate, the
urine is grossly hematuric; numerous blood clots and fibrin are present.
Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

Administration of gentamicin intravenously

Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
Long-term catheterization of the bladder
Surgical removal of the enlarged kidney
No treatment is indicated: Administration of procaine penicillin G intramuscularly
9. In a mare, a 30-day pregnancy is most likely to be detected on rectal
examination by which of the following?

Absence of ovarian follicles

Palpation of the chorionic vesicle
Palpation of the corpus luteum
Palpation of the fetus
Slipping the fetal membranes: Palpation of the chorionic vesicle

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10. a 12-year old male budgerigar is evaluated because of a two-week history

of progressive difficulty gripping with the right foot. The client reports that
during the past three days, the bird has stopped using the foot entirely but he
still flies around the house daily. On physical examination, mild coelomic
distention is palpated. The bird is standing on his perch using the left leg
only.
All toes of the right food are pointing downward with no gripping capability.
Which of the following is the most likely cause of the paralysis?

Chronic heavy metal toxicity

Previous trauma
Renal neoplasm
Right-sided intervertebral disk disease
Severe arthritis: Renal neoplasm
11. A 6-year-old male Cocker Spaniel dog has recurrent otitis externa.
Microscopic examination of a smear of purulent discharge from the ear shows
large numbers of rod-shaped bacteria. Which of the following is the most
likely causative organism?
Escheria coli
Klebsiella spp
Pasturella multocida
Psuedomonas aeruginosa
Staphylococcus intermedius: Psuedomonas aeruginosa
12. In cases of pyothorax in the cat, which of the following microorganisms
are most frequently cultured from pleural fluid?

Chlamydiae
Mycoplasmas
Obligate anaerobes
Spirochetes
Yeasts: Obligate anaerobes
13. A 12-year old spayed female Persian cat is evaluated because of a one-
week history of anorexia, vomiting, polyuria, and polydipsia. BCS is 3/9. PE
shows lethargy and enlarged, irregular kidneys bilaterally. Serum study
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shows: BUN 32.18 (N 10-30) Creat 2.54 (N 0.5-2) Gluc 110 (N 65-120) Which of
the following is the most likely cause of these findings?

Bacterial cystitis
Chronic interstitial nephritis
Diabetes mellitus
Polycistic kidney disease
Transitional cell carcinoma: Polycistic kidney disease
14. Approximately 10% of the piglet litters in the farrowing rooms of a swine
farm have mild, watery-to-pasty diarrhea. The manager of the farm reports
that this diarrhea occurs sporadically in litters as early as two to three days
of age and is most prevalent in gilt litters. Mortality resulting from this
diarrhea is low, but dehydration and poor growth rate lead to lower weaning
weights. Treatment with gentamicin has been ineffective, so the manager
does not treat the piglets for the diarrhea. Which of the following is the most
likely causal agent?

Circovirus
Parvovirus
Porcine enterovirus
Rotavirus
Transmissible gastroenteritis virus: Rotavirus
15. A 7-year old castrated male Thoroughbred horse has a three-week
history of intermittent cough associated with eating, unilateral (left-sided)
Horner's syndrome, and intermittent bilateral, green-tinged nasal discharge.
Two days ago, the horse bled profusely from the left nostril. Which of the
following is the most likely source of the hemorrhage?

Ethmoid hematoma
Internal carotid artery
Maxillary sinus mucosa
Maxillary vein
Nasal turbinates: Internal carotid artery

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16. A 17-year-old castrated male American Quarter Horse was pawing and
making repeated attempts to roll when the owner entered the barn this
morning. Its weight is 1103 lbs (500kg), temperature is 99.9*F, heart rate is 68
beats/min, and respiratory rate is 32 breaths/ min. Physical examination
shows tacky oral mucous membranes, a capillary refill time of 2-3 secs, and
a skin tent that persists for 3-4 seconds. No intestinal borborygmi are audible
on auscultation of the abdomen. Which of the following is the most
appropriate volume of isotonic crystalloid fluid to administer to correct
dehydration?

1L, 5L, 10L, 40L, or 80L: 40L

17. The owner of a flock of 85 sheep reports that approximately 33% of ewes
have had abortions or have delivered lambs with marked weakness during
the past three weeks. Thirty-two ewes were purchased from a farm in a
neighborhood state and were introduced to the flock four weeks ago. The
ewes appear to be healthy. Postmortem examination of an aborted fetus
shows marked thickening of the placenta. A zoonotic organism from which of
the following genera is the most likely cause of these findings?

Campylobacter
Chlamydophila
Coxiella
Leptospira
Mycoplasma: Coxiella
18. An 82 lb (37kg) 8 year old neutered male German Shepherd mixed-breed
dog is being evaluated because of a two-month history of decreased exercise
tolerance. The client reports that the dog had two episodes of "profound
weakness" on walks during the past week. The dog seems comfortable at
home, but his "heart is racing all the time." Two years ago, another
veterinarian diagnosed the dog with hypothyroidism and prescribed oral
levothyroxine 0.8mg twice daily. Dosage was reevaluated one month after
initiation of treatment and was determined appropriate. Appetite, urination,
and bowel movements are normal. BCS is 6/9. Temp is 101.2*F and heart rate

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is 180 bpm. The dog is panting. PE detects a pulse deficit that occurs three to
five times each minute. No other abnormalities are noted. Results of complete
blood count, serum biochemistry profile, and urinalysis are within normal
limits. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the episodic
weakness in this dog?

Decreased cardiac output

Electrolyte imbalance
Neurogenic weakness
Osteoarthritis
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch: Decreased cardiac output
19. A group of 6-10 week old lambs and their dams have crusted,
proliferative lesions on the lips. PE shows underlying crusts consisting of
raised granulation tissue. There are no lesions on the buccal or lingual
mucosa. The majority of the lambs are affected, but only 5% of the adult sheep
are affected. Affected lambs are active and are nursing. The only adult goat
on the farm has similar lesions. The horses, cattle, and pigs on the farm are
unaffected. Which of the following is the most appropriate management?

Addition of organic iodine to trace mineralized salt

Oral administration of griseofulvin
Parenteral administation of oxytetracycline
Parenteral administration of procaine penicillin G
Observation: Observation
20. A 4-year-old mixed-breed dog has had diarrhea and weight loss for the
past eight weeks. The diarrhea is characterized by increased volume of feces
without mucus or blood. The dog defecates approximately three times per
day without tenesmus. Results of complete blood count, serum biochemistry
profile, trypsin-like immunoreactivity, and urinalysis are within normal limits.
Multiple fecal examinations are negative for parasites and pathogenic
bacteria. Which of the following steps is most likely to confirm a diagnosis?

Administration of anti-inflammatory doses of prednisone

Colonoscopy with biopsies of the colon

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 NAVLE practice test

Initiation of a highly-digestible diet

Measurement of serum cobalamin and folate concentrations
Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the stomach and
duodenum: Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsies of the stomach and
duodenum 21. A 4-year-old Standardbred stallion is being evaluated because
he has been racing poorly for the past two months. On auscultation of the
thorax, there is an irregular rate and intensity of heart sounds. An
electrocardiogram shows an absence of P waves. Which of the following is
the most likely diagnosis?

Atrial fibrillation
Paroxysmal ventricular tachycardia
Premature ventricular contractions
Ventricular fibrilation
Wandering atrial pacemaker: Atrial fibrillation
22. Blastomycosis may be disseminated in dogs, but which of the following
is most frequently the primary site of involvement?

Intestine
Liver
Lungs
Nasal cavity
Spleen: Lungs
23. A 4-year old intact female ferret has had lethargy and depression for the
past 24 hours. On physical examination, the mucous membranes are
extremely pale and the vulva is swollen. Packed cell volume is markedly
decreased. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Estrogen toxicity
Gastric ulceration
Gastrointestinal parasitism
Hypovitaminosis C
Pyometra: Estrogen toxicity

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24. A 10-year old dog has had difficulty walking for the past week. Findings
on physical and neurologic examinations include hypermetria and a
decreased hopping reflex in the left fore- and hindlimbs. A lesion is most
likely to be found on which of the following structures of the nervous
system?

Left brainstem
Left cerebellum
Left cerebrum
Right brainstem
Right cerebellum: Left cerebellum
25. Fifteen of a group of 200, 7-month old feedlot calves are lame. The calves
arrived at the feedlot approximately one month ago, and one week later 40
of the animals developed pneumonia. These calves were treated with
oxytetracycline, and the pneumonia appeared to resolve. On physical
examination, the affected calves have swellings in the carpi, tarsi, and
stifles with distention of associated tendon sheaths, and a stiff gait. Two
calves are euthanized. Postmortem examination shows fibrinous pleuritis
and papillary muscle necrosis. Which of the following organisms is the
most likely cause of these signs?

Arcanobacterium (Actinomyces) pyogenes

Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus)
Mannheimia (Pasturella) haemolytica
Pasturella multocida
Salmonella typhimurium: Histophilus somni (Haemophilus somnus)
26. At the present time, which of the following is the most effective
managemetnt for effective management for eradication of brucellosis in
cattle?

Serologic identification and vaccination of infected animals

Serologic identification of infected animals followed by isolation and
slaughter
Vaccination of all animals as calves
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Vaccination of all animals that had no detectable serologic titer

Vaccination of all susceptible animals as calves and before pregnancy:
Serologic identification of infected animals followed by isolation and slaughter
27. A 13-year-old cat has a large, firm mass of the third mammary gland on
the right side. Which of the following represents the likelihood that this
tumor is malignant?

10%, 25%. 40%, 60%, 90%: 90%

28. A 5-year-old female West Highland White Terrier dog is brought back to
the clinic ten days after being diagnosed as having pyoderma. Physical
examination at the time had shown papules, pustules, and epidermal
collarettes predominantly distributed in the inguinal region. A two-week
course of trimethoprim-sulfadiazine at a standard dose was prescribed,
and the client reported clearing of the lesions within a few days. The dog
has now developed spreading, circular, bull's-eye erythematous lesions
on the thorax and forelimbs. There are some papules but no erosion or
ulceration. A skin biopsy is obtained. Which of the following is the most
appropriate next step pending the results of the skin biopsy?

Administer oral prednisone

Change medication to cephalexin
Change medication to itraconazole
Continue current therapy
Discontinue all therapy: Discontinue all therapy
29. A 2-year-old spayed female indoor/ outdoor Singaura cat has had severe
facial pruritus for the past two weeks. Vaccinations are up-to-date, and the
cat is on a monthly regimen of topical imidacloprid. Examination of the
skin shows linear ulcers along the ventral aspects of both mandibles and
miliary scabs on the ventral and lateral aspects of the neck. The remainder
of the dermis appears normal. Deep and surface skin scrapings and
dermatophyte culture are negative. Which of the following is the most
appropriate next diagnostic step?

Serum allergy testing

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Thyroid function testing

Trial of a hypoallergenic diet
Trial of intramuscular methylprednisolone
Trial of oral cyclosporine: Trial of a hypoallergenic diet
30. Which of the following gaits best describes a horse with stringhalt?

Abnormally jerky hyperflexion of the hock

Ataxia and circumduction of the hindlimb
Hindlimb intermittently locked into extension
Non-weight-bearing lameness of the hindlimb
Rear foot jerks caudally just prior to ground contact: Abnormally jerky
hyperflexion of the hock
31. A 3-month old Jersey heifer calf is being evaluated because she is
constantly humped up, straining, and dribbling urine. The owner noticed
that urine was dripping from the calf's navel for a few days after she was
born. The calf is bright and alert, is in good body condition, and has a
shiny haircoat. Vital signs are normal. A free catch urine sample is
obtained, and the only abnormal finding of a urine dipstick test is 1+ blood.
Urine sediment examination shows primarily red blood cells and a few
white blood cells. A BUN dipstick on whole blood shows no color change.
Which of the following diagnostic tests is most likely to help establish the
diagnosis?
Abdominal ultrasonography
Analysis of peritoneal fluid
Karyotyping
Measurement of whole blood selenium concentration
Serum biochemistry profile: Abdominal ultrasonography
32. Cytologic examination of a sample of a tracheal wash from a cat with
moderate dyspnea shows abundant mucus and many eosinophils, fewer
macrophages and neutrophils, and scattered ciliated columnar epithelial
cells. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

Anthelmintics

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Antibiotics
Anticancer drug
Antimycotics
Corticosteroids: Cortiocosteroids
33. A 12-week-old kitten is evaluated on the advice of the client's family
physician because regional lmyphadenitis caused by Bartonella hensalae
infetion was diagnosed in their 8-year-old daughter two days ago. The
kitten was acquired from a shelter three weeks ago. There are no other
cats or dogs in the household. While awaiting the results of serologic tests
for B henselae infection in the kitten, the clients should be advised to
avoid which of the following to prevent further transmission of infection
to other family members?

Bite wounds from the kitten

Contact with the kitten's feces
Contact with the kitten's saliva
Scratch wounds from the kitten: Scratch wounds from the kitten
34. The presence of large numbers of the tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata
in horses is most likely associated with which of the following?

Gastric ulceration
Ileocecal intussusception
Right dorsal colitis
Small intestinal volvulus
Torsion of the large colon: Ileocecal intussusception
35. A 400lb (182kg) steer has had an open sore above the hoof of the right
hindlimb for the past seven days. The sore has a purulent discharge. The
owner reports that the steer initially had moderate swelling just below the
dewclaw and above the bulb of the foot three weeks ago. The owner was
unable to treat the steer, and fie days later the swelling decreased. After
an additional five days, the area above the right lateral claw became
swollen, and the steer was markedly lame. During the next 10 days, the
swelling increased and the skin at the coronary band broke open. Which
of the following is the most likely cause of the current finding?

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 NAVLE practice test

Digital dermatitis
Interdigital fibroma
Mycoplasma bovis infection
Septic arthritis
Sole abscess: Septic arthritis
36. A 6-year-old Abyssinian cat with a four-year history of grand mal seizures
requires surgery to remove an intestinal foreign body. The client says the
cat has a seizure about once every three months but is not on
anticonvulsant therapy. Which of the following is the safest to use as a
preanesthetic agent?

Acepromazine
Diazepam
Ketamine
Phenytoin
Xylazine: Diazepam
37. Five percent of a flock of 30,000 5-week-old broiler chickens have a
sudden onset of diarrhea. On postmortem examination, the birds are
dehydrated; the middle third of the intestine is dilated and inflammed with
bloody intestinal contents. Which of the following is the most likely
causative organism?

Capillaria spp
Eimeria spp
Haemoproteus spp
Heterakis spp
Syngamus spp: Eimeria spp
38. Clinical signs of ketosis in the bovine are most commonly observed at
which of the following times?

Three months before parturition

Three weeks before parturition
Three days before parturition
Three weeks after parturition

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 NAVLE practice test

Three months after parturition: Three weeks after parturition

39. In North America, which of the following organisms is most commonly
associated with visceral larva migrans in humans?

Baylisascaris procyonis
Dirofilaria immitis
Toxocara canis
Toxocara felis
Toxoplasma gondii: Toxocara canis
40. A cat is being evaluated after falling from a third-story window. The cat
has blood on the face, but appears stable. Physical examination of the
mouth shows instability of the mandibular symphysis. Which of the
following is the most appropriate management?

Application of a tape muzzle

Kirschner-Ehmer pin fixation
Placement of an acrylic implant
Placement of an encircling wire caudal to the canine teeth: Placement of an
encircling wire caudal to the canine teeth
41. In the dog, which of the following is the most likely to result from ingestion
of the rodenticide cholecalciferol?

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Hypercalcemic nephropathy
Hypocalcemic tetany
Hypokalemic nephropathy
Petechial hemorrhage caused by a marked reduction in platelet aggregation-
: Hypercalcemic nephropathy
42. Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis most commonly occurs in
dogs through contact with which of the following?

Cattle
Chickens
Humans

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Soil
Swine: Humans
43. The rodenticides brodifacoum and bromadiolone cause which of the
following conditions in cats?
Coagulopathy
Hepatotoxiciy
Neurotoxicosis
Organophosphate toxicity
Renal toxicity: Coagulopathy
44. Which of the following is the most common cause of hypercalcemia in the
dog?

Acute renal failure

Chronic renal failure
Hypervitaminosis D
Lymphoma
Primary hyperparathyroidism: Lymphoma
45. Premolar and molar malocclusion is most likely to develop in which of the
following animals?

Gerbils
Guinea pigs
Hamsters
Mice
Rats: Guinea pigs
46. In a dog, a ranula consists of which of the following?

Enlargement of the submandibular lymph node

A fistula leading to the parotid gland
Gingival hyperplasia
Leakage of saliva from the zygomatic gland into the submucosa of the lower
eyelid

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Presence in sublingual tissue of extravasated saliva from the sublingual

gland: Presence in sublingual tissue of extravasated saliva from the sublingual
gland
47. A 4-year old Standardbred gelding is being examined because of fever,
depression, and anorexia. A wound is noted over the fetlock. Treatment
consists of stall rest, a course of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and
phenylbutazone, and local wound care. Two days later, the gelding is passing
manure but remains inappetent. It is unsteady on its feet and has begun to
bite at its legs, vocalize, and show signs of aggression toward the owner. The
owner should be advised to do which of the following?
Allow the gelding to have pasture turn-out
Discontinue the antibiotic
Discontinue the phenylbutazone
Provide a companion for the horse
Stop handling the horse immediately: Stop handling the horse immediately
48. A 9-year-old castrated male Himalayan cat has a one-week history of mild
dyspnea and inappetence. No abnormalities are seen on laboratory tests.
Thoracic radiographs show a 3-cm solitary mass in the caudal lung lobe.
Percutaneous aspiration and cytologic examination of the mass show a
large number of degenerative neutrophils and a few atypical epithelial cells
with prominent nucleoli and increased nuclear-to-cytoplasm ratio. Which of
the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Metastatic neoplasia
Pulmonary abscess
Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
Pulmonary granuloma
Pulmonary hematoma: Pulmonary adenocarcinoma
49. An adult spayed female cat that is being treated for renal failure has a
urine culture positive for bacterial organisms sensitive to a wide variety of
antimicrobial agents. Which of the following antimicrobials requires an
adjustment in dose or dose-interval in this cat?

Chloramphenicol

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Clindamycin
Lincomycin
Metronidazole
Orbifloxacin: Orbifloxacin
50. A veterinarian has been asked to "float the teeth" of a 15-year-old
Arabian gelding. Examination of the teeth is most likely to show which of the
following?

The teeth are longest on the buccal surface of both the upper and lower
arcades
The teeth are longest on the buccal surface of the upper arcade and the
lingual surface of the lower arcade
The teeth are longest on the lingual surface of both the upper and lower
arcades
The teeth are longest on the lingual surface of the upper arcade and the
buccal surface of the lower arcade
There is no difference in wear between the buccal and lingual surfaces of
either the upper or lower arcade: The teeth are longest on the buccal surface of
the upper arcade and the lingual surface of the lower arcade
51. Which of the following is the holding layer when suturing the small
intestine in a dog?

Mucosa
Muscularis
Omentum
Serosa
Submucosa: Submucosa
52. A 2-year-old domestic shorthaired cat is being evaluated because of an
apparent inability to urinate. On examination, the cat has a large bladder that
is easily expressed. The tail is limp, with no voluntary movement. Anal
sphincter tone is normal. These findings are most consistent with which of
the following?

Cauda equina syndrome

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Fibrocartilaginous embolism
Lumbosacral instability
Protrusion of the intervertebral disk
Traumatic damage to the sacral nerves: Traumatic damage to the sacral nerves
53. A 6-year-old neutered male domestic shorthaired cat is brought to the
clinic because of a rapidly growing mass on its back that the client first
noticed one month ago. The cat had received annual examinations and had
been in apparent good health prior to that time. Vaccinations were last given
8 months ago for feline viral rhinotracheitis, calicivirus, panleukopenia,
rabies, and feline leukemia virus. Physical examination shows a firm, fixed,
ulcerated mass int eh dorsal interscapular region. The remainder of the
physical examination is unremarkable. A photograph of the mass after the
hair was clipped is shown. Which of the following is the most likely
diagnosis?

Bacterial abscess
Injection-site sarcoma
Local reaction to a microchip
Mycobacterial granuloma
Osteosarcoma: Injection-site sarcoma
54. The average length of the estrous cycle in a mare during the physiologic
breeding season is how many days?

17, 21-22, 28, or 35-40: 21-22

55. An 8-year-old female Abyssininan cat has severe periodontal disease.
The palatopharyngeal arches are dark red and ulcerated. On biopsy, this is
reported to be plasma cell gingivitis-stomatitis. Which of the following is most
likely to be concurrently observed?

Alveolar bone proliferation

Firm, raised lesions on the tongue and/or hard palate
Herpesvirus isolation from affected oral tissues
Increased serum gamma globulin concentration

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Oral squamous cell carcinoma: Increased serum gamma globulin concentration

56. A 2-year-old spayed female domestic longhaired cat is evaluated
because of a two-day history of excessive licking of the perineum. Physical
examination discloses swelling near the anus at the 3:00 position. The cat is
sedated, and a copious amount of brown-yellow material is expressed from
the anal sac. Which of the following is the most likely causal organism?

Corynebacterium parvum
Escheria coli
Nocardia asteroides
Pasturella multocida
Staphylococcus aureus: Escheria coli
57. Which of the following lists represents the clinical signs of progressive
retinal atrophy in the dog?

Day blindness early in the disease, night blindness later in the disease
Day blindness, retinal vascular attenuation, vitreous liquefaction, cataract
formation
Night blindness, increased retinal vascular tortuosity, tapetal pigmentation,
optic disk hyperemia
Night blindness, optic disk pallor, iris atrophy, ocular hypotension
Night blindness, retinal vascular attenuation, tapetal hyperreflectivity, optic
disk pallor: Night blindness, retinal vascular attenuation, tapetal hyperreflectivity,
optic disk pallor
58. A 5-month old intact male Italian Greyhound puppy is brought for
emergency evaluation because he has not been able to bear weight on his
left forelimb since jumping from the client's arms and landing on his
forepaw two hours ago. PE shows soft tissue swelling of the left carpal
region. Palpation of the area elicts pain. Radiographs disclose closed, mid-
diaphyseal transverse fractures of the left radius and ulna. Which of the
following sets of conditions are the most likely complications of this injury?

(secondary; Primary)
Carpal valgus; premature distal ulnar physeal closure
Carpal valgus; premature closure of the medial aspect of the distal radial
physis
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Carpal varus; premature proximal ulnar physeal closure

Carpal varus; premature closure of the lateral aspect of the distal radial physis
Limb shortening; premature closure of the proximal radial physis: Carpal
valgus; premature distal ulnar physeal closure
59. Several 4-month-old lambs from a group of 30 lambs are found dead in
a pasture. On postmortem examination, the carcasses are emaciated and
the tissues appear pale. The abomasum contains red-brown fluid with
numerous threadlike worms. Which of the following drugs is most
appropriate for the treatment of the remaining lambs?

Amprolium
Clorsulon
Ivermetin
Monensin
Sulfadimethoxine: Ivermetin
60. Sixty-five percent of cows in a beef herd test positive for bovine
leukemia virus; of these, what percentage are likely to develop clinical signs
of lymphoma?

0-5%; 6-10%; 11-15%; 16-20%; 21-25%: 0-5%

61. A 7-year-old spayed female mixed-breed dog is being evaluated
because of a one-month history of increased thirst and increased urination.
The owner reports that the dog's appetite also has increased, and she has
been panting. Physical examination shows generalized thinning of the skin,
mild alopecia over the trunk, and enlargement of the abdomen. Which of the
following is the most appropriate next steps in diagnosis?

Abdominal ultrasonography
Low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing
Measurement of baseline cortisol concentration
Measurement of endogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
concentration
MRI of the brain: Low-dose dexamethasone suppression testing

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62. Which of the following agents associated with mastitis are most likely
to be considered contagious and to spread primarily from cow to cow?

E. coli, Strep agalactiae, Corynebacterium bovis

Mycoplasma, Protothca, E. coli
Nocardia, yeast, strep agalactiae
Staph aureus, strep uberis, pseudomonas
Strep agalactiae, staph aureus, mycoplasma: Strep agalactiae, staph aureus,
mycoplasm
63. A 4-year old male rabbit that is house outside in a hutch has had the
lesions shown for three weeks. The most appropriate treatment is
administration of which of the following drugs?

Ivermectin
Metronidazole
Praziquantel
Prednisone
Trimethoprim/sulfadiazine: Ivermectin
64. A 5-year-old symptomatic cat tests antigen positive for heartworm
disease. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

Dithiazanine iodide orally for 7 days

Levamasole orally for 7days
Melarsomine dihydrochloride IM once
Prednisolone orally every 12 hours for 14 days
Thiacetarsamide IV every 12 hrs for 2 days: Prednisolone orally every 12 hours
for 14 days
65. A 5-year old Quarter Horse gelding is being examined because of chronic
lameness of the right forelimb. No swelling or heat is detected on palpation
of the forelimbs, and digital pulses are not increased. There is a mild response
to application of hoof testers across the heels of both front feet. When trotting
in a straight line, the horse appears to favor the right forelimb slightly. When
lunging in a circle to the right, a grade III/V lameness of the right forelimb is

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observed. When lunging in a circle to the left, a grade III/V lameness of the left
forelimb is observed. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

Fracture of P3
Laminitis
Navicular syndrome
Quittor
Sole abscess: Navicular syndrome
66. A recent graduate would like to revise existing hospital protocols for pain
management. Which of the following categories of clinical investigation
would provide the strongest to weakest forms of evidence?
Case-control study, prospective case series, randomized controlled trial,
retrospective case series, cohort stdy
Case-control study, retrospective case series, cohort study, prospective case
series, randomized controlled trial
Cohort study, case-control study, randomized controlled trial, retrospective
case series, prospective case series
Cohort study, randomized controlled trial, retrospective case series,
prospective case series, case-control study
Randomized control trial, cohort study, case-control study, prospective
case series, retrospective case series: Randomized control trial, cohort study,
case-control study, prospective case series, retrospective case series
67. An 8-year old neutered male Doberman Pinscher dog is evaluated
because of a five-week history of a progressive, pruritic skin lesion over the
left forefoot that the client first noticed after switching from day shift to the
night shift at work. There is no evidence of trauma. The client reports that the
dog tends to develop this condition during warm weather, but he has never
received treatment. PE today shows a 3x3 erythematous ulcerative lesion
over the dorsum of the left carpus. The surrounding skin is thickened. No
other abnormalities are noted. Acral lick dermatitis is suspected. Which of the
following is the most likely underlying cause of these findings?

Atopy
Dermatophytosis

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Hyperadrenocorticism
Hypothyroidism
Pemphigus foliaceous: Atopy
68. Which of the following cestodes has the ability to infect dogs and has
the most significant public health implications?
Dipylidium caninum
Echinococcus granulosus
Spirometra mansonoides
Taenia ovis
Taenia pisiformis: Echinococcus granulosus
69. The owner of a dairy finds 10% of a group of 100 heifers dead and 20%
down when he goes out to feed in the morning. The heifers had broken into a
shed and eaten Furadan 4F (carbofuran), an organophosphate. Which of the
following is the most appropriate immediate plan of action?

Administer activated charcoal per os to affected heifers

Administer atropine to affected heifers
Administer neostigmine to affected heifers
Begin fluid therapy on the down heifers to prevent cariovascular collapse
Perform postmortem examinations of two dead heifers: Administer atropine to
affected heifers
70. The manager of a 300-sow farrow-to-finish farm reports that six of 1000
nursery pigs are lying on their sides and paddling. Two pigs are euthanized.
Postmortem examination shows valvular endocarditis. Gram positive cocci
are identified on a meningeal smear. Which of the following is the most
appropriate management for pigs on this farm?

Add electrolytes to the drinking water for all nursery pigs and euthanize
affected animals
Add penicillin to the drinking water for all nursery pugs and increase the
temperature in the room
Administer intravenous fluids and corticosteroids to affected pigs
Isolated affected pigs and administer penicillin intramuscularly

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Syringe-feed a gruel of medicated fed and water to affected pigs: Isolated

affected pigs and administer penicillin intramuscularly
71. On postmortem examination of cattle carcasses at federally inspected
slaughterhouses, the cardiac and masseter muscles are routinely incised by
inspectors in order to detect evidence of infection with which of the
following?

Diphyllobothrium spp
Dipylidium spp
Taenia spp
Toxocara spp
Trichinella spp: Taenia spp
72. A 14-year-old cat has been occasionally "walking into things" for the past
week. The cat has hyperthyroidism that has been treated with methimazole
for the past year. PE, chemistry, and measurement of serum thyroxine (T4)
concentration performed two weeks ago showed no abnormalities.
Ophthalmic exam at this time shows bilaterally detached retinas. Which of the
following is the most appropriate next step in establishing the cause of this
cat's condition?

Assessment of intraocular pressure

CT scan of the head
Measurement of serum tri-iodothyronine (T3) concentration
Measurement of systemic blood pressure
T3 suppression test: Measurement of systemic blood pressure
73. A 4-year-old domestic shorthaired cat has pruritus and numerous crusts
on the dorsal lumbosacral area and around the neck. Impression smears
show eosinophils, neutrophils, and an occasional basophil. Which of the
following is the most likely diagnosis?

Demodectic mange
Dermatophytosis
Flea allergy

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Pemphigus foliaceous
Pyoderma: Flea allergy
74. Which of the following is the most appropriate therapy for rehydration of
a cow with right abomasal volvulus?

0.9% sodium chloride with added KCl

0.9% sodium chloride with added NaHCO35%
dextrose in water with added Kcl
5% dextrose with added NaHCO3-
Lactated ringer's solution with added NaHCO3-: 0.9% sodium chloride with
added KCl
75. A 3-year-old spayed female Bloodhound dog is evaluated for hours after
being hit by a car. Temp is 101.8*F, HR is 130bpm, RR is 32 brpm. On PE, the
dog appears cardiovascularly stable. Radiographs show a closed, mid-
diaphyseal, complete transverse fracture of the left humerus. Which of the
following bandage techniques is most appropriate to stabilize this dog's
fracture?
Bivalve cast
Ehmer sling
Modified Robert-Jones bandage
Spica splint
Velpeau sling: Spica splint
76. In a cat, a finding of increased resonance on percussion of the chest is
most indicative of which of the following?

Diaphragmatic hernia
Pleural effusion
Pneumothorax
The presence of a pulmonary mass
Pulmonary edema: Pneumothorax
77. Which of the following is the most common clinical sign in horses with
guttural pouch mycosis?

Coughing
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Dysphagia
Dyspnea
Epistaxis
Head tilt: Epistaxis
78. Intramuscular injection of prostaglandin F2a in a cow in the midluteal
phase of the estrous cycle is most likely to cause which of the following?

A 50% increase in serum progesterone concentration in 24 hours

Peak of serum lutenizing hormone concentration in 30 hours
Decease of serum estrogen concentration in 48 to 72 horus
Occurrence of ovulation in 96 hours
Peak of serum follicle-stimulating hormone concentration in 96 hours:
Occurrence of ovulation in 96 hours
79. Which of the following is the most reasonable estimation of a dog's blood
volume?
40 mL/lb (88mL/kg)
50 mL/lb (110mL/kg)
65 mL/lb (143mL/kg)
80 mL/lb (176mL/kg)
90mL/lb (198mL/kg): 40 mL/lb (88mL/kg)
80. In the dog, which of the following is a paraneoplastic condition that is
most often associated with mastocytosis?

Gastric hyperacidity
Hypercalcemia
Hypoglycemia
Hypokalemia
Metabolic acidosis: Gastric hyperacidity
81. A 12-year-old spayed female Siamese cat is evaluated because of the
acute onset of blindness. Physical examination shows dilated pupils
bilaterally; menace responses and pupillary light reflexes are absent. The
pupils constrict after topical application of pilocarpine. Indirect

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ophthalmoscopic exam discloses areas of retinal hemorrhage.

Administration of which of the following is the most appropriate treatment?

Amlodipine
Mannitol
Prednisolone
Tacrolimus
Timolol: Amlodipine
82. Postmortem examination of a neonatal pig reveals distention of half of
the midsection of the jejunum with bloody contents and an extremely
hyperemic hemorrhagic wall. These findings are caused by which of the
following agents?

Bacillus anthracis
Campylobacter spp
Clostridium perfringens type C
Escheria coli
Serpulina hyodysenteriae: Clostridium perfringens type C
83. Which of the following is the most appropriate antibiotic for the treatment
of myonecrosis caused by Clostridium perfringens infection in horses?

Cloxacillin
Gentamicin
Penicillin
Rifampin
Tobramycin: Penicillin
84. A 5-year-old neutered male ferret with bilateral truncal alopecia is being
evaluated because of stranguria and dysuria. A sonogram shows an enlarged
prostate gland. In addition to providing a patent urine flow, which of the
following is the most appropriate management?

Administration of systemic antibiotics

Adrenalectomy
Cystocentesis

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Prostatectomy
Urine culture: Adrenalectomy
85. Which of the following metabolic disturbances are most likely to develop
following rupture of the urinary bladder in the neonatal foal?

Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and mild to moderate acidosis

Hypernatremia, hyperkalemia, and mild to moderate alkalosis
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and mild to moderate acidosis
Hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, and mild to moderate alkalosis
Hyponatremia, hypokalemia, and mild to moderate alkalosis: Hyponatremia,
hyperkalemia, and mild to moderate acidosis

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