SAT Math Student's Guide
SAT Math Student's Guide
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VIETACCEPTED SAT
SAT MATH
Student’s Book
1
Practice 6 – Interpreting Linear Function of Equation .............................................150
Practice 7 – Graphs of quadratic and polynomial ........................................................153
Practice 8 – Geometry ...........................................................................................................162
Practice 9– SAT Math Review ............................................................................................. 177
Section 1 – Quadratic and Function ................................................................................................. 177
Section 2 – Geometry ............................................................................................................................... 179
Section 3 – Exponential and Linear Equations ............................................................................ 183
Section 4 – Word Problem ..................................................................................................................... 187
Section 5 – Exponents and Roots ....................................................................................................... 191
Section 6 – System of Equations ......................................................................................................... 193
Section 7 – Graphs .................................................................................................................................... 197
Section 8 – Other geometry topics ..................................................................................................... 204
Section 9 – Experiments/Sample ........................................................................................................ 209
Section 10 – Heart of Algebra............................................................................................................... 212
Practice 11 – Passport to Math Advanced ...................................................................................... 223
2
2 Algebra
Graphs of linear equations and functions questions deal with linear equations
and functions and their graphs in the xy-plane. For example, the graph of y = 2x - 1 is
shown below.
change in 𝑦 𝑦 −𝑦
slope = change in 𝑥 = 𝑥2−𝑥1
2 1
3
The y-intercept
The x-intercept
slope-intercept form: y = mx + b
Midpoint Formula
Distance Formula
Question 1:
Line 𝑘 in the 𝑥𝑦-plane has a slope of −1/5 and passes through the point (13, 8/50. Which
equation defines line 𝑘?
A) 𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 21
B) 𝑥 + 5𝑦 = 4
C) 5𝑦 − 𝑥 = 21
D) 13𝑦 + 8𝑥 = 21
Question 2:
The graph of 7x + 2y = -31 in the xy-plane has an x-intercept at (a, 0) and a y-
!
intercept at (0, b), where a and b are constants. What is the value of ?
"
#
A -$
$
B -#
$
C #
#
D $
4
Question 3:
5
Question 4:
x f(x)
1 -64
2 0
3 64
For the linear function f, the table shows three values of a and their corresponding values
of ƒ(x). Function ƒ is defined by f(x) = ax + b, where a and b are constants. What is the
value of a - b?
A -64. B 62. C 128. D 192
Question 5:
The graph of the equation ax + ky = 6 is a line in the xy -plane, where a and k are
constants. If the line contains the points (-2,-6) and (0,-3) , what is the value of k ?
A. -2
B. -1
C. 2
D. 3
Question 6:
x y
3 7
k 11
12 N
The table above shows the coordinates of three points on a line in the xy -plane, where
k and n are constants. If the slope of the line is 2, what is the value of k+n?
6
Question 7:
𝑥 𝑦
−2𝑠 26
−𝑠 22
𝑠 14
The table shows three values of 𝑥 and their corresponding values of 𝑦, where 𝑠 is a
constant. There is a linear relationship between 𝑥 and 𝑦. Which of the following
equations represents this relationship?
(A) 𝑠𝑥 + 4 𝑦 = 18𝑠
(B) 4𝑥 + 𝑠𝑦 = 18𝑠
(C) 4𝑥 + 𝑠𝑦 = 18
(D) 𝑠𝑥 + 4𝑦 = 18
7
Parallel and perpendicular lines
• Line l has a slope of 2.
• Line m also has a slope of 2. It is parallel to line l.
%
• Line n has a slope of - . It is perpendicular to both lines l and m.
$
8
Question 1:
In the xy-plane, line l passes through the point (0, 0) and is parallel to the line
represented by the equation y = 8x + 2. If line also passes through the point (3, d), what
is the value of d?
Question 2:
&
In the 𝑥𝑦-plane, line 𝑚 is perpendicular to line 𝑙. Line 𝑙 has an equation of 𝑦 = ' 𝑥 + 4 '
Question 3:
5x + 7y = 1
ax + by = 1
In the given pair of equations, a and n are constants. The graph of this pair of equations
in the xy -plane is a pair of perpendicular lines. Which of the following pairs of equations
also represents a pair of perpendicular lines?
A/ 10x + 7y = 1
ax – 2by = 1
B/ 10x + 7y = 1
ax + 2by = 1
C/ 10x + 7y = 1
2ax + by = 1
D/ 5x - 7y = 1
ax + by = 1
9
2.2 Solving linear equations
Question 1:
If 5(x + 4) = 4(x + 4) + 29, what is the value of x + 4?
A -4
B 25
C 29
D 33
Question 2:
How many solutions does the equation 10(15x - 9) = -15(6 - 10x) have?
A Exactly one
B Exactly two
C Infinitely many
D Zero
Question 3:
3 + 10x - 5 = (a + 1)x - 2
In the equation shown above, a is a constant. For what value of a does the equation
have infinitely many solutions?
A. 2
B. 7
C. 10
D. 9
Question 4:
6x + 7y = 28
2x + 2y = 10
The solution to the given system of equations is (x, y). What is the value of y?
A -2
B 7
C 14
D 18
10
Question 5:
-3x + 21px = 84
In the given equation, p is a constant. The equation has no solution. What is the value
of p ?
A. 0
B. 1/7
C. 4/3
D. 4
Question 6:
()* ()*
If = %, , the value of x + 6 is between which of the following
+
pairs of values?
A. -7 and -1
B. -3 and 3
C. 1 and 7
D. 7 and 12
11
(a) Lines intersect at a (b) Line are parallel and do (c) Lines coincide - equations
single point. The system not intersect. The system has are for the same line. The
has one solution. no solution. system has infinitely many
solutions.
12
Question 2:
4x - 6y = 10y + 2
%
𝑡𝑦 = $ + 2𝑥
In the given system of equations, t is a constant. If the system has no solution, what
is the value of t?
Question 3:
6x - 8y = 24
2 8
− 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑚
3 9
In the system of equations above, m is a constant. If the system has more than one
solution, what is the value of m?
-
A) -'
%
B) -'
$
C) '
-
D) '
Question 4
&-
3(kx +13) = 𝑥 + 36
%#
Question 5
.$- %-
2 (kx-n) = 𝑥−
%+ %/
A. 14/15
B. -14/15
C. 39/19
D. -39/19
13
2.3 Interpreting linear functions or equations
Question 1:
C = 1.5b + 67.5
The total cost, C, in dollars, to produce b books is given by the equation. What is the
meaning of 1.5 in the equation?
A 1.5 books will cost $67.50 to produce.
B It costs an extra $1.50 for each book produced.
C If you produce one book, your total cost will be $1.50.
D There is a flat fee of $1.50 to produce any number of books.
Question 2:
Caleb used juice to make popsicles. The function f(x) = -5x + 30 approximates the
volume, in fluid ounces, of juice Caleb had remaining after making x popsicles. Which
statement is the best interpretation of the y-intercept of the graph of y = f(x) in the xy-
plane in this context?
A Caleb used approximately 5 fluid ounces of juice for each popsicle.
B Caleb had approximately 5 fluid ounces of juice when he began to make the
popsicles.
C Caleb had approximately 30 fluid ounces of juice when he began to make the
popsicles.
D Caleb used approximately 30 fluid ounces of juice for each popsicle.
14
Question 3:
The graph represents the total charge, in dollars, by an electrician for x hours of
work. The electrician charges a onetime fee plus an hourly rate. What is the best
interpretation of the slope of the graph?
A The electrician’s hourly rate
B The electrician’s onetime fee
C The maximum amount that the electrician charges
D The total amount that the electrician charges
Question 4:
w(t) = 300 - 4t
The function w models the volume of liquid, in milliliters, in a container t seconds
after it begins draining from a hole at the bottom. According to the model, what is the
predicted volume, in milliliters, draining from the container each second?
A 300
B 296
C 75
D 4
15
Question 5:
A neighborhood consists of a 2-hectare park and a 35-hectare residential area. The
total number of trees in the neighborhood is 3,934. The equation 2x + 35y = 3,934
represents this situation. Which of the following is the best interpretation of x in this
context?
A The average number of trees per hectare in the park
B The average number of trees per hectare in the residential area
C The total number of trees in the park
D The total number of trees in the residential area
Question 6:
Keenan made 32 cups of vegetable broth. Keenan then filled x small jars and y large
jars with all the vegetable broth he made. The equation 3x + 5y = 32 represents this
situation. Which is the best interpretation of 5y in this context?
A The number of large jars Keenan filled
B The number of small jars Keenan filled
C The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the large jars
D The total number of cups of vegetable broth in the small jars
16
Question 7:
9
𝐹(𝑥) = (𝑥 − 273.15) + 32
5
The function F gives the temperature, in degrees Fahrenheit, that corresponds to a
temperature of x kelvins. If a temperature increased by 2.10 kelvins, by how much did
the temperature increase, in degrees Fahrenheit?
A 3.78
B 35.78
C 487.89
D 519.89
Question 8
y = 18 – 5x
The equation above represents the speed y , in feet per second, of Sheila’s bicycle x
seconds after she applied the brakes at the end of a ride. If theequation is graphed in the
xy -plane, which of the following is the best interpretation of the x -coordinate of the line’s
x -intercept in the context ofthe problem?
A. The speed of Sheila’s bicycle, in feet per second, before Sheila applied the
brakes
B. The number of feet per second the speed of Sheila’s bicycle decreased each
second after Sheila applied thebrakes
C. The number of seconds it took from the time Sheila began applying the brakes
until the bicycle came to acomplete stop
D. The number of feet Sheila’s bicycle traveled from the time she began applying
the brakes until the bicycle cameto a complete stop
17
2.4 Word problems: linear equations and inequalities
Question 1:
2,5b + 5r = 80
The given equation describes the relationship between the number of birds, b, and
the number of reptiles, r, that can be cared for at a pet care business on a given day. If
the business cares for 16 reptiles on a given day, how many birds can it care for on this
day?
A 0
B 5
C 40
D 80
Question 2:
One gallon of paint will cover 220 square feet of a surface. A room has a total wall
area of w square feet. Which equation represents the total amount of paint P, in gallons,
needed to paint the walls of the room twice?
0
A 𝑃 = %%,
B P = 440w
0
C 𝑃 = $$,
D P = 220w
Question 3:
A window repair specialist charges $220 for the first two hours of repair plus an
hourly fee for each additional hour. The total cost for 5 hours of repair is $400. Which
function f gives the total cost, in dollars, for x hours of repair, where x ≥ 2?
A f(x) = 60x + 100
B f(x) = 60x + 220
C f(x) = 80x
D f(x) = 80x + 220
18
Question 4:
For groups of 25 or more people, a museum charges $21 per person for the first 25
people and $14 for each additional person. Which function f gives the total charge, in
dollars, for a tour group with n people, where n ≥ 25?
A f(n) = 14n + 175
B f(n) = 14n + 525
C f(n) = 35n - 350
D f(n) = 14n + 21
Question 5
A carpenter charges a flat rate of $156 for the first 2 hours of work and $65 for each
additional hour of work. Which equation gives the total amount y, in dollars, that the
carpenter charges for x hours of work, where x>2?
A. Y = 65x + 156
B. Y = 156x + 65
C. Y = 156x + 286
D. Y = 65x + 26
Question 6
The cost of renting a power washer is $98 for the first day and $49 for each additional
day. Which of the following functions gives the cost 𝐶(𝑑), in dollars, of renting the
power washer for 𝑑 days, where 𝑑 is a positive integer?
(A) 𝐶(𝑑) = 49𝑑 + 49
(B) 𝐶(𝑑) = 49𝑑 + 98
(C) 𝐶(𝑑) = 98𝑑 − 49
(D) 𝐶(𝑑) = 98𝑑 + 147
19
Question 7:
A wire with a length of 106 inches is cut into two parts. One part has a length of x
inches, and the other part has a length of y inches. The value of x is 6 more than 4 times
the value of y. What is the value of x?
A 25
B 28
C 56
D 86
Question 8:
A proposal for a new library was included on an election ballot. A radio show stated
that 3 times as many people voted in favor of the proposal as people who voted against it.
A social media post reported that 15,000 more people voted in favor of the proposal than
voted against it. Based on these data, how many people voted against the proposal?
A 7,500
B 15,000
C 22,500
D 45,000
Question 9:
Maizah bought a pair of pants and a briefcase at a department store. The sum of the
prices of the pants and the briefcase before sales tax was $130.00. There was no sales tax
on the pants and a 9% sales tax on the briefcase. The total Maizah paid, including the
sales tax, was $136.75. What was the price, in dollars, of the pants?
Question 10:
A moving truck can tow a trailer if the combined weight of the trailer and the boxes
it contains is no more than 4,600 pounds. What is the maximum number of boxes this
truck can tow in a trailer with a weight of 500 pounds if each box weighs 120 pounds?
A 34
B 35
C 38
D 39
20
Question 11:
In 2014, County X had 783 miles of paved roads. Starting in 2015, the county has
been building 8 miles of new paved roads each year. At this rate, in which year will County
X first have at least 1,000 miles of paved roads? (Assume that no paved roads go out of
service.)
Question 12: Each morning, John jogs at 6 miles per hour and rides a bike at 12 miles
per hour. His goal is to jog and ride his bike a total of at least 9 miles in no more than 1
hour. If John jogs j miles and rides his bike b miles, which of the following systems of
inequalities represents John’s goal?
1 !
A) + ≤1
* %$
j+b≥9
1 !
B) + ≥1
* %$
j+b≤9
C) 6j + 12b ≥ 9
j+b≤1
D) 6j + 12b ≤ 1
j+b≥9
Question 13
A laundry service is buying detergent and fabric softener from its supplier. The
supplier will deliver no more than 300 pounds in a shipment. Each container of detergent
weighs 7.35 pounds, and each container of fabric softener weighs 6.2 pounds. The service
wants to buy at least twice as many containers of detergent as containers of fabric
softener. Let d represent the number of containers of detergent, and let s represent the
number of containers of fabric softener, where d and s are nonnegative integers. Which
of the following systems of inequalities best represents this situation?
A) 7.35d + 6.2s ≤ 300
d ≥ 2s
B) 7.35d + 6.2s ≤ 300
2d ≥ s
C) 14.7d + 6.2s ≤ 300
d ≥ 2s
D) 14.7d + 6.2s ≤ 300
2d ≥ s
21
Question 14:
A small business owner budgets $2,200 to purchase candles. The owner must
purchase a minimum of 200 candles to maintain the discounted pricing. If the owner pays
$4.90 per candle to purchase small candles and $11.60 per candle to purchase large
candles, what is the maximum number of large candles the owner can purchase to stay
within the budget and maintain the discounted pricing?
22
2.4 Linear inequalities and graphs
Question 1: (DESMOS)
y≤x+7
y ≥ -2x - 1
Which point (x, y) is a solution to the given system of inequalities in the xy-plane?
A (-14, 0)
B (0, -14)
C (0, 14)
D (14, 0)
Question 2: (DESMOS)
5y + 3x ≤ 15
The solution set to the inequality above is represented by the line and shaded region
of the graph in which of the following xy-planes?
23
Graphs of inequality Systems:
y ≤ 3x - 2
% &
y ≥ −'𝑥 + '
Question 3:
%
If the system of inequalities y ≥ 2x + 1 and y > 𝑥 − 1 is graphed in the xy-plane
$
above, which quadrant contains no solutions to the system?
A) Quadrant II
B) Quadrant III
C) Quadrant IV
D) There are solutions in all four quadrants.
24
Question 4:
25
2.5 Absolute value and equations
|𝑥| = a => x = ±a (a ≥ 0)
Question 1:
|𝑥 + 2| = 9
What is the positive solution to the given equation?
Question 2:
|𝑥 − 15| = 2x
What is all possible solution to the given equation?
A) -15
B) 5
C) -15 and 5
D) There are no solutions.
Question 3:
How many solutions does the equation |𝑥 + 7| = -4 have?
A) Zero
B) Exactly one
C) Exactly two
D) More than two
Question 4:
2|4 − 𝑥| + 3|4 − 𝑥| = 25
What is the positive solution to the given equation?
26
Question 5
The equation 4|𝑥 − 3| = 𝑘, where 𝑘 is a
constant, has exactly one solution. Which of the
2
following could be the value of &
?
(A) -3 only
(B) -3 or 3
(C) 0 only
(D) 3 only
Question 6
|x – 2| + |2 – x| = 0
Question 7
27
3 Problem Solving and Data Analysis
Question 2:
7 pounds of plums make 8 rolls of fruit leather. If every batch of fruit leather
requires the same amount of plums, how many pounds of plums are required to make 20
rolls of fruit leather?
A. 0.875 pounds
B. 2.5 pounds
C. 17.5 pounds
D. 23 pounds
Question 3: Erika plans to purchase seed to plant grass in a large field. She has a map
of the region, and calculates the area of the region on paper to be 180 cm$ . The scale on
the map shows that 1 cm = 20 ft. If Erika plans to cover every 400 ft $ with one pound of
seed, approximately how many pounds of seed will she need to cover the entire field?
A. 9 pounds
B. 18 pounds
C. 90 pounds
D. 180 pounds
28
3.1.2 Percentages
3
Percent means parts per hundred: 𝑝% =
%,,
Question 1:
13 is p% of 25. What is the value of p?
Question 2:
What percentage of 300 is 75?
A 25%
B 50%
C 75%
D 225%
Question 3:
A business owner plans to purchase the same model of chair for each of the 81
employees. The total budget to spend on these chairs is $14,000, which includes a 7%
sales tax. Which of the following is closest to the maximum possible price per chair, before
sales tax, the business owner could pay based on this budget?
A $148.15
B $161.53
C $172.84
D $184.94
29
Question 4:
Year Subscriptions sold
2012 5,600
2013 5,880
The manager of an online news service received the report above on the number of
subscriptions sold by the service. The manager estimated that the percent increase from
2012 to 2013 would be double the percent increase from 2013 to 2014. How many
subscriptions did the manager expect would be sold in 2014?
A) 6,020
B) 6,027
C) 6,440
D) 6,468
30
3.1.3 Unit conversion
Question 1:
A certain park has an area of 11,863,808 square yards. What is the area, in square
miles, of this park? (1 mile = 1,760 yards)
A 1.96
B 3.83
C 3,444.39
D 6,740.8
Question 2:
A landscape supply company sells mulch at a rate of $30 per cubic yard. What price
does the company charge for 54 cubic feet of mulch? (1 yard = 3 feet)
A. $54
B. $60
C. $810
D. $1,620
Question 3:
33 miles per gallon is approximately equal to how many kilometers per liter? (Use 1
kilometer = 0.62 mile and 1 gallon = 3.79 liters.)
A. 5
B. 14
C. 78
D. 202
31
3.2 Scatter plots and tables and graphs
Question 1
The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, x and y. A line of best
fit for the data is also shown.
At x = 25.5, which of the following is closest to the y-value predicted by the line of
best fit?
A 6.2
B 7.3
C 8.2
D 9.1
Question 2
The scatterplot shows the relationship between two variables, x and y. A line of best
fit for the data is also shown.
32
For how many data points does the line of best fit predict a y-value greater than the
y-value of the actual data point?
Question 3
The scatterplot above shows the average fuel economy for a certain class of car
driven at 12 different. The graph of a quadratic model for the data is also shown.
For what fraction of the 12 speeds does the model overestimate the average fuel
economy?
33
Question 4
The scatterplot above shows data for ten charities along with the line of best fit. For
the charity with the greatest percent of total expenses spent on programs, which of the
following is closest to the difference of the actual percent and the percent predicted by the
line of best fit?
A) 10%
B) 7%
C) 4%
D) 1%
Question 5
34
The scatterplot above shows the dimensions of 12 picture frames on Lee’s wall along
with the line of best fit. Which of the following statements about the widest picture frame
is true?
A The height of the widest picture frame is 4 inches greater than the height
predicted by the line of best fit.
B The height of the widest picture frame is 1 inch greater than the height
predicted by the line of best fit.
C The height of the widest picture frame is equal to the height predicted by the
line of best fit.
D The height of the widest picture frame is 4 inches less than the height
predicted by the line of best fit.
Question 7
A panel is rating different kinds of potato chips. The scatterplot above shows the
relationship between their average ratings and the price of the chips. The line of best fit
for the data is also shown. According to the line of best fit, which of the following is closest
to the predicted increase in average rating for every $0.10 increase in price?
A 0.1
B 0.5
C 1
D 5
35
Question 8
The scatterplot above shows a company’s ice cream sales d, in dollars, and the high
temperature t, in degrees Celsius (°C), on 12 different days. A line of best fit for the data
is also shown. Which of the following could be an equation of the line of best fit?
A) d = 0.03t + 402
B) d = 10t + 402
C) d = 33t + 300
D) d = 33t + 84
36