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• POSSESSIVE: ADJECTIVES & PRONOUNS,
• CARDINAL & ORDINAL NUMBER,
• TIME, DAYS OF THE WEEK, MONTHS,
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POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES: MY, YOUR, ETC.
Singular Plural Although "his.“ "her." "its“ "their" and "your“ " are
all translated by the forms su and sus, the meaning
my mi mis is usually clear from the context. However, in cases
your tu tus of ambiguity the following forms can be used: de él,
his, her, its, your (pol.) su sus de ella, de ellos, de ellas, de Vd., de Vas.
our nuestro nuestros (as)
For example:
(a)
El libro de vd. – your book
your vuestro vuestros (as) El amigo de ellos – their friend
Possessive adjectives
their, your (pol) agree with
su the thing possessed,
sus not with
the possessor:
Mi coche – My car
Mis hermanos – My brothers
Nuestro perro – Our dogs
Nuestras hijas – our daughters
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POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES: MY, YOUR, ETC.
VOCABULARY
El hermano/a Brother/sister
el tio/tia Uncle/aunt
el marido husband
la mujer wife
el primo/prima cousin
el sobrino/na Nephew/niece
los padres parents
los parientes relatives
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POSSESIVE ADJECTIVES: MY, YOUR, ETC.
TRANSLATE THE FOLLOWING:
1. MY HUSBAND
2. HER BROTHER
3. OUR SISTER
4. THEIR NEPHEW
5. HIS UNCLE
6. MY PARENTS
7. YOUR WIFE
8. THEIR SONS
9. YOUR (POL.S) COUSIN (M.)
10. HIS RELATIVES
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POSSESIVE pronouns: Mine, YOURs, ETC
Although "his.“ "her." "its“ "their" and "your“ " are
Singular Plural all translated by the forms su and sus, the meaning
Mine El mio, la mia Los mios, las is usually clear from the context. However, in cases
mias of ambiguity the following forms can be used: de él,
Yours El tuyo, la tuya Lso tuyos, las de ella, de ellos, de ellas, de Vd., de Vas.
tuyas
For example:
his, hers, its, El suyo, la suya Los suyos, la
yours (pol.) suyas Mi casa y la tuya - My house and yours
Estas cartas son nuestras. - These letters are ours.
Ours El nuestro, la Los nuestros, las
nuestra nuetras
These forms are also used as adjectives, after the
Yours El vuestro, la Los vuestros, las noun and without the article:
Possessive pronouns agreevuestra
in gender and numbervuestras
with the 1 for emphasis:
noun they replace,
theirs, yours they are always preceded
El suyo la suya byLos definite
the suyos, las ¿Cuál es el coche vuestro?
article,
(pol) except the verb “ser” when the article is omitted.
suyas Which is your car?
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POSSESIVE PRONOUNS: MINE, YOURS,ETC
2 for direct address (as in letters):
Muy señor mío - Dear Sir
3 to translate
"of mine,“ "of yours, etc.:
Un amigo mío - A friend of mine
Una idea suya - An idea of his
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CARDINAL NUMBERS: ONE, TWO, ETC.
1 Uno 11 Once 21 Veintiuno 101 Cientouno
2 Dos 12 Doce 22 Veintidós 200 Doscientos
3 Tres 13 Trece 30 Treinta 300 Trescientos
4 Cuatro 14 Catorce 40 Cuarenta 400 Cuatrocientos
5 Cinco 15 Quince 50 Cincuenta 500 Quinientos
6 Seis 16 Dieciséis 60 Sesenta 600 Seiscientos
7 Siete 17 Diecisiete 70 Setenta 700 Setecientos
8 Ocho 18 Dieciocho 80 Ochenta 800 Ochocientos
9 Nueve 19 Diecinueve 90 Noventa 900 Novecientos
10 Diez 20 Veinte 100 Cien 1000 Mil
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CARDINAL NUMBERS: ONE, TWO, ETC.
Uno and ciento are contracted to un and cien in front of a noun or an
adjective:
Un libro – one book
Cien libros – a hundred books
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ORDINAL NUMBERS: 1ST, 2ND, 3RD, ETC.
1st Primero 6th Sexto
2nd Segundo 7th Septimo
3rd Tercero 8th Octavo
4th Cuarto 9th Noveno
5th Quinto 10th Decimo
Beyond the “tenth”, cardinal numbers are generally used:
Felipe II (segundo) – Philip II
Alfonso XII (doce) – Alfonso XII
El siglo III (tercero) – The third century
El siglo XX (veinte) – the twentieth century
El octavo piso – the eight floor
El piso trece – the thirteenth floor
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ORDINAL NUMBERS: 1ST, 2ND, 3RD, ETC.
Note that with titles and centuries, both ordinal and cardinal numbers follow the noun.
All the ordinal numbers form their feminine and plural in the usual way:
La tercera vez -The third time
Los primeros días -The first days
Primero and tercero are shortened to primer and tercer in front of the masculine noun:
El primer hombre - The first man
El tercer niño - The third child
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THE TIME
Telling the time is quite easy, as the following examples For example:
show: Son las siete y diez. It is ten past seven.
¿Qué hora es? What is the time? Es la una menos veinte. It is twenty to one.
Es la una. It is one o'clock. Son las ocho y media. It is half past eight.
Son las dos. It is two o'clock. Son las cinco menos cuarto. It is quarter to five.
Son las tres. It is three o'clock. Son las nueve y cuarto. It is quarter past nine.
Notice that the feminine article is used because it stands
for the unsaid hora, and the plural form (in verb as well
as article) applies in all hours except "one."
"Quarter to" is expressed by menos cuarto," quarter
past"
by y cuarto, and "half past" by y media.
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THE TIME
LA HORA The most common structure for telling time in Spanish is:
La hora - The hour/Time
¿Qué hora es? - What time is it? Son (es) + las (la) + (hora) y/menos (minutos)
¿A qué hora? - At what time?
cuarto - A quarter During the first thirty minutes after the hour, give the hour
media - Half just past plus (y) the number of minutes. After give the next
de la mañana - A.M hour less (menos) the number of minutes to go before the
coming hour.
de la tarde - P.M (afternoon)
To indicate at what time an event occurs use
de la noche - P.M (evening)
Es el mediodiá - It’s noon a + las (la) + (hora) y/menos (minutos)
Es la medianoche - It’s midnight
A qué hora es el examen?
Es a las diez menos cuarto de la mañana
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THE TIME
Mediodía is "noon" and medianoche is "midnight." If you The expressions por la mañana ("in the morning"),
want to be exact, a las once en punto means "at eleven por la tarde (" in the afternoon“ "in the evening"),
o'clock precisely." A eso de means "at about"a.m." is and por la noche ("at night"') are used when the time
expressed by de la mañana and "p.m." by de la tarde or de of day is not given:
la noche (use the latter for the times after 8:30 p.m.).
Ramón trabaja por la mañana.
For example: Ramon works in the morning.
El tren sale a las nueve de la mañana. Leo en el jardín por la tarde.
The train leaves at 9 a.m. I read in the yard in the afternoon.
En España comemos a eso de las dos de la tarde. Por la noche todo está en silencio.
In Spain, we have lunch at about 2 p.m. At night, everything is silent.
Pedro llega a su casa a las once de la noche.
Peter arrives at his house at 11 p.m.
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DAYS OF THE WEEK, TIME EXPRESSION
The days of the week (which in Spanish do not begin with a capital letter) are:
lunes – monday
martes – tuesday
miercoles – wednesday
jueves – thursday
viernes – friday
sabado – saturday
domingo – sunday
The days of the week are always preceded by the article el
El domingo por la mañana
Sunday morning
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DAYS OF THE WEEK, TIME EXPRESSION
Some of the useful expression of time:
Ayer – yesterday
Al dia siguiente – on the following day
Anteayer – day before yesterday
Un dia si y otro no – every other day
Hoy – today
Hoy dia – nowadays A los pocos dias – a few days later
mañana – tomorrow Hace unos dias – a few days ago
Pasado mañana – day after tomorrow
mañana por la mañana – tomorrow morning
mañana por la tarde – tomorrow afternoon
mañana por la noche – tomorrow night
De dia – by day
De noche – by night
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MONTHS OF THE YEAR
The months of the year are also spelled with a
lowercase letter in Spanish, are:
enero January julio July
febrero February agosto August
marzo March septiembre September
abril April octubre October
mayo May noviembre November
junio june diciembre December
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Seasons of the year
la primavera spring
el verano summer
el otono fall
el invierno winter
The Spanish seasons are never spelled with a capital letter, as sometimes it is same as in
English.
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DATES
The date can be expressed in two different ways: The ordinal number is used for the first of the month,
the cardinal numbers for the rest:
1 with the verb estar
El primero de mayo
¿A cuántos estamos? The first of May
What is the date? El quince de octubre
The fifteenth of October
2 with the verb ser [Nació] el cuatro de abril de mil novecientos dos.
[He was born on] April 4th, 1902.
¿Qué fecha es hoy?
What is the date today?
Estamos a siete or Es el siete.
It's the seventh.
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