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101 Computer Overview-1

The document provides an overview of computer science, including the history, functional components, and characteristics of computer systems. It emphasizes programming methodology, problem-solving strategies, and the Java programming language as a teaching tool. Key concepts include the distinction between data and information, the functioning of a computer through the IPO cycle, and the roles of hardware and software.

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atorezop1
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4 views

101 Computer Overview-1

The document provides an overview of computer science, including the history, functional components, and characteristics of computer systems. It emphasizes programming methodology, problem-solving strategies, and the Java programming language as a teaching tool. Key concepts include the distinction between data and information, the functioning of a computer through the IPO cycle, and the roles of hardware and software.

Uploaded by

atorezop1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Outlines

 History of Computer Science


 Functional components of a computer
 Characteristics of a computer system
 Broad introduction to programming methodology and algorithm

oEmphasis is on problem solving strategies and techniques for


developing/documenting applications
oIncluding principles of structured programming, problem
decomposition, program organization, the use of procedural
abstraction and basic debugging skills.

 Java programming language serves as the vehicle to illustrate the many


concepts.
Introduction

COMPUTER
OVERVIEW
WHAT IS A COMPUTER?

• Def: A computer is an electronic device


that can perform a variety of operations in
accordance with set of instructions called
program.
DATA
• Data. Data in a computer terminology
mean raw facts and figures.
• For ex-mohan,1977 etc.
INFORMATION
• INFORMATION. It means what we get
after processing
Data(meaningful data);Data are
aggregated and summarized in various
meaningful ways to form information.
DATA VS. INFORMATION

you should understand that what goes


in the computers is data and what comes
out of them is information. This process of
turning data into information is also known
as information processing cycle.
FUNCTIONING OF A
COMPUTER
• The first step is of taking inputs i.e. data
on which the actual processing will take
place.
• The second step is that of processing. It is
called as “processing stage”.
• The 3rd and the last stage is that of result
stage. This is what we call as “output
stage”.
IPO CYCLE
• Certain input is needed to accomplish a
task, a process is carried out on the input
to produce an output.
• Every task including that of computer goes
through this cycle.
FUNCTIONAL COMPONENTS
OF A COMPUTER

INPUT UNIT
CPU
OUTPUT UNIT
MEMORY
INPUT UNIT

• An input unit takes the input and


conver ts it into binar y for m so
that it can be understood by the
computer. ex. Keyboard, mouse
etc.
CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU)
The CPU is the control centre (brain) for a
computer. Two of its main components
are:

1.Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)


2.Control Unit (CU)
ALU
– Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
– The ALU performs all the four arithmetical(+,-
,*,/) and some logical(<,>,=,<=,>=,<
>)operations.
CONTROL UNIT (CU)
• --.Control Unit (CU)
• The CU controls and guides the
interpretation of all data and information.
THE OUTPUT UNIT

üThe output unit is formed by the output


devices attached to computer.
Ex:--visual display unit, printer , plotter.
MEMORY

A memory cell may be defined as a


device which can store symbol from a set of
symbol.

If the computer has got it’s brain as


CPU it has also got memory which is most
unlike human memory. It’s memory is highly
volatile (it forgets as quickly as possible.)It
needs continuous supply of electricity.
MEMORY

Note:--the memory of computer is often called


main memory or primary memory.
It is generally the third component of CPU
BITS & BYTES
Each of these memory cells is further broken down
into smaller parts known as bits. A bit means a binary
digit i.e. either 0 or 1. A number of bits together are used
to store data instructions by their combinations.

• A bit is an elementary unit of memory.

• A group of 8 bits is called a byte and a group of 4 bits is


called a nibble.
• One byte is the smallest unit which can represent a data
item or a character.
HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE

A computer system also consists of


hardware and software for it’s proper
functioning.
HARDWARE
• Hardware represents the physical and
tangible components of the computer i.e.
the parts which we can touch and see.
• Ex:--Hard disk, motherboard, keyboard etc.
• Collectively, the electronic, electrical and
mechanical equipment that makes up a
computer is called Hardware.
THE PERIPHERALS

• The peripherals are the devices


that ,surround the system unit e.g. the
keyboard mouse speakers, printers,
monitors etc. are peripherals.
PRIMARY HARDWARE
COMPONENTS
• A c o mp u t e r c o n s i s t s o f f i v e p r i ma r y
components:-
• Input devices
• Storage devices
• Output devices
• CPU
• Memory
SOFTWARE
• Software represents the set of programs that
governs the operation of a computer system and
make the hardware run. S of t ware can be
classified broadly into three categories:--
• Operating System
• Language processors
(Operating System &Language processors are
collectively called as system software.)
• Application software
OPERATING SYSTEM

• An OPERATING SYSTEM is a program


which acts as an interface between a user
and the hardware (i.e. all the computer
resources).
• OS controls is a major component of a
system and controls all other components.
(listed next.)
FUNCTIONS OF OS

üMouse, printer and other hardware as well as


with other software.
üManages the way information is stored on
retrieved from disks.

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