Models
•Behavioral model
•Structural model
•Architectural model
Behavioral model
• Behavioral models describe the internal dynamic
aspects of an information system that supports the
business processes in an organization.
• Behavioral model describes the interaction in the
system.
• It represents the interaction among the structural
diagrams.
• Behavioral modeling shows the dynamic nature of the
system.
Theyconsist of thefollowing
• Activity diagrams
• Sequence Diagram
• Collaboration Diagram
• State-Chart Diagram
• Use case diagrams
Activity diagrams
• An activity diagram depicts the flow of activities which are ongoing
non-atomic operations in a state machine. Activities result in actions
which are atomic operations.
• Activity diagrams comprise of −
❖ Activity states and action
❖ states Transitions
❖ Objects
• Activity diagrams are used for modeling −
• workflows as viewed by actors, interacting with thesystem.
• It gives the details of operations or computations usingflowcharts.
Examples
• The following figure shows an activity diagram of a
portion of the Automated Trading House System.
SequenceDiagrams
• Sequence diagrams are interaction diagrams that illustrate
the ordering of messages according totime.
• These diagrams are in the form of two-dimensionalcharts.
• The objects that initiate the interaction are placed on the
x–axis.
• The messages that these objects send and receive are
placed along the y–axis, in the order of increasing time
from top to bottom.
Examples
• A sequence diagram for the Automated Trading
House System is shown in the following figure.
Collaborationdiagram
• Collaboration diagrams are interaction diagrams
that illustrate the structure of the objects that send
and receive messages.
• Notations − In these diagrams, the objects that
participate in the interaction are shown using
vertices.
• The links that connect the objects are used to sendand
receive messages.
• The message is shown as a labeled arrow.
Examples
• Collaboration diagram for the Automated Trading
House System is illustrated in the figure below.
State–ChartDiagrams
• A state–chart diagram shows a state machine that depicts the
control flow of an object from one state to another. A state
machine portrays the sequences of states which an object
undergoes due to events and their responses to events.
❖ State–Chart Diagrams comprise of −
❖ States: Simple or Composite
❖ Transitions between states
❖ Events causing transitions
❖ Actions due to the events
Examples
• In the Automated Trading House System, let us
model Order as an object and trace its sequence.
The following figure shows the corresponding
state–chart diagram.
Use casediagrams
• Use case diagrams present an outside view of the
manner the elements in a system behave and how
they can be used in the context.
❖ Use case diagrams comprise of −
❖ Use cases
❖ Actors
❖Relationships like dependency, generalization, and
association
Examples
• Let us consider an Automated Trading House
System.
StructuralModel
• Structural modeling captures the static features of
a system.
• They consist of the following -
1. Classes diagrams
2. Objects diagrams
3. Component diagram
4. Deployment diagrams
Classes diagrams
• A class diagram models the static view of a
system.
• It comprises of the classes, interfaces, and
collaborations of a system; and the relationships
between them.
Examples
• Relationships
1. A Bank “has–a” number of Branches − composition,one–to–many
2. A Branch with role Zonal Head Office supervises other Branches −unary
association, one–to-many
3. A Branch “has–a” number of accounts − aggregation, one–to–many
• From the class Account, two classes have inherited, namely, Savings Account and
Current Account.
1. A Customer can have one Current Account − association, one–to–one
2. A Customer can have one Savings Account − association, one–to–one
3. A Branch “has–a” number of Loans − aggregation,one–to–many
4. A Customer can take many loans − association,one–to–many
ObjectDiagram
• An object diagram models a group of objects and
their links at a point of time.
• It shows the instances of the things in a class
diagram.
• Object diagram is the static part of an interaction
diagram.
Examples
• The following figure shows an object diagram of a
portion of the class diagram of the Banking
System.
