Solution Paper
Course Title: Introduction to Information and Communication Engineering
Course Code: ICE1111
Full Marks: 52.5
Time: 3 Hours
Section - A
Q1. a) Define data, information, and knowledge.
Answer:
• Data refers to raw, unprocessed facts or figures without context. Example: 123,
"John," "Red."
• Information is processed data that is meaningful and useful. Example: "John
scored 123 runs."
• Knowledge is derived from information through experience and analysis, leading to
insights. Example: "A score of 123 is excellent in cricket."
Q1. b) What is ICT infrastructure? Briefly discuss it with a diagram.
Answer:
ICT (Information and Communication Technology) Infrastructure refers to the
hardware, software, networks, and facilities required to develop, manage, and support ICT
services. It includes:
• Hardware: Computers, servers, networking devices
• Software: Operating systems, applications
• Network: Internet, LAN, WAN
• Data centers: Storage and processing units
(Insert a diagram representing ICT Infrastructure)
Q1. c) What is ICT architecture? Discuss the process of preparing ICT
architecture.
Answer:
ICT architecture is a structured framework that defines an organization's ICT resources,
processes, and strategies. The process of preparing ICT architecture involves:
1. Assessment: Identifying existing ICT resources.
2. Planning: Designing ICT framework.
3. Implementation: Deploying hardware, software, and networks.
4. Monitoring: Regular updates and improvements.
Q1. d) Discuss briefly strategies for acquiring ICT resources.
Answer:
Strategies for acquiring ICT resources include:
1. Purchasing: Buying hardware and software from vendors.
2. Leasing: Renting ICT equipment for a fixed period.
3. Cloud Computing: Using cloud services instead of physical infrastructure.
4. Outsourcing: Hiring external agencies for ICT solutions.
Q2. a) Classify computer systems on the basis of sizes and capabilities.
Answer:
Computers can be classified into:
1. Supercomputers: Extremely powerful, used in scientific research.
2. Mainframes: Large-scale computers used in enterprises.
3. Minicomputers: Mid-sized computers used for specific applications.
4. Microcomputers: Personal computers used by individuals.
Q2. b) Describe the components of the central processing unit.
Answer:
The CPU (Central Processing Unit) consists of:
1. ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit): Performs calculations and logical operations.
2. CU (Control Unit): Manages and directs operations.
3. Registers: Small storage locations for quick access data.
Q2. c) Differentiate between (i) RAM and ROM (ii) EPROM and EEPROM.
Answer:
1. RAM vs ROM:
a. RAM (Random Access Memory): Volatile, temporary storage.
b. ROM (Read-Only Memory): Non-volatile, permanent storage.
2. EPROM vs EEPROM:
a. EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory): Erased using UV
light.
b. EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory):
Erased electrically.
Q3. a) Name the different pointing devices and describe any one of them.
Answer:
Pointing devices include:
• Mouse, Touchpad, Trackball, Joystick, Light Pen.
Example: Mouse is a hand-held device used to control the cursor on a computer screen.
Q3. b) What do you mean by resolution and refresh rate of a computer?
Answer:
• Resolution: Number of pixels in width × height (e.g., 1920×1080).
• Refresh Rate: Number of times the display updates per second, measured in Hz.
Section - B
Q5. b) Discuss the major features of LAN.
Answer:
LAN (Local Area Network) features:
1. High Speed: Faster than WAN.
2. Limited Coverage: Covers a small geographic area.
3. Connectivity: Connects multiple devices within an organization.
4. Security: More secure compared to public networks.
Q6. a) Explain a basic communication system with a block diagram.
Answer:
A communication system consists of:
1. Sender: Originates the message.
2. Encoder: Converts message into transmittable signals.
3. Channel: Medium of transmission.
4. Decoder: Converts signals back into the message.
5. Receiver: Receives the message.
(Insert block diagram of a communication system)
Q7. a) Explain the basic concept of WiFi. How does it differ from cellular
communication?
Answer:
• WiFi: Wireless technology allowing internet access via local routers.
• Cellular Communication: Uses mobile networks (2G, 3G, 4G, 5G) for
communication.
Differences:
• Range: WiFi covers small areas; Cellular covers larger areas.
• Speed: WiFi offers higher speeds.
• Infrastructure: Cellular needs mobile towers; WiFi needs routers.
Q8. c) What is a flowchart? Why is it necessary?
Answer:
A flowchart is a graphical representation of an algorithm using symbols. It is necessary
because:
1. Visual Clarity: Easy to understand.
2. Systematic Representation: Shows the logical flow of a program.
3. Error Detection: Helps identify errors in the process.
4. Efficient Debugging: Simplifies debugging in program development.
(Insert a sample flowchart)
End of Solution Paper
