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GENERAL EDUCATION AND TRAINING

UMZINYATHI DISTRICT

SOCIAL SCIENCES HISTORY MARKING GUIDELINE

GRADE 8
MARCH 2025

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION

Read the instructions carefully follow them precisely
1. All questions are COMPULSORY.
2. This paper must be completed in 1,5 HOURS
3. Write neatly and legibly
4. Answer ALL questions on the SPACES provided in the Question Paper.

EXAMINER: K SHABALALA
DURATION: 1,5 HOURS

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 The Industrial Revolution in Britain and Southern Africa from 1860
1.1 Changes during the Industrial Revolution (IR) in Britain
Read the SOURCE below and use your own knowledge to answer questions
that follow:

SOURCE A
Slave-owning plantation owners and merchants who dealt with slave and their produce
were among the richest people in 18th century Britain. Between 1761 and 1808, Britain
traders hauled across the Atlantic Ocean some 1428000 Africans slaves and pocketed about
60million pounds- close to 8 billion pounds in today‟s money – from slave trade. Profits
from these activities helped to build a score of banks, including Barclays, and were used to
finance the experiments of James Watt, inventor of the first steam engine.
A study of the activities of 23 London merchants, who were heavily involved in the slave
trade, found that they played their part in building roads and bridges………. They invested in
Shipbuilding and whaling the weaving of woollen cloth, in mining, especially salt, coal, and
lime, the production of building materials, such as lumber, rope, iron and glass.

1.1. In which country did the Industrial Revolution start? (1)

Great Britain √
1.2. Name the two groups of people who were among the richest people in the
18th century Britain, mentioned in the SOURCE. (2)
Slave- owning plantation Owner√- Merchants who dealt with slaves√
1.3. Through which Ocean did the British cross to get to Africa, mentioned in the
source? (1)
Atlantic Ocean√
1.4. How many Africans were captured between the year 1761 and1808? (1)
. 1428000√
1.5. Mention the bank that benefited from these activities? (1)
Barkly Bank√
1.6. Why was it important for them to build roads and bridges? (2)
So that transporting good won’t be challenge√√
ECONOMY BEFORE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
STUDY THE SOURCE AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS THAT FOLLOW

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1.7. Name four things the economy of Britain was based on prior to the Industrial
Revolution. (4)
. Agriculture√-Cottage√-Industries√-Trade-√Slavery√
1.8 Who were used as labour in the plantations? (2)
. Slaves√√
1.9 Explain why farming was so difficult before the Industrial Revolution? (2)
The method they used, the hand-hold plough made it difficult to finish a huge
piece of land√√
1.10 Where were the Cottage or Domestic Industry found in Britain before the
Industrial Revolution? (1)
. It was the people living in cottages in the country made things like their own
clothes, furniture and tools from the raw materials in the forest. √
1.11 What mode of transport was used before the Industrial Revolution? (1)
. Ox-wagon. √

1.12 Name the mode of transports that was invented during the Industrial
Revolution. (1)
. Steam engine. √
1.14 Mention any other three areas in which Britain improved on during the
Industrial Revolution. (3)
. Faster weaving and spinning machines. √
. Canals to transport goods between mines, factories and ports. √
. Factories we built to supply goods. √
Development of towns. √

1.2 Southern Africa by 1860

INDENTURED LABOUR
Use SOURCE 1A and your own knowledge to answer the following questions.
Source 1A is a picture showing Indians working in the sugar plantations in Natal.
SOURCE 1A

1.2.1 Define the term indentured labour (2)

. A system of forced labour where workers were compelled by the terms of their
contract to work for an employer for a fixed period of time without the possibility
of breaking the contract even when conditions were extremely harsh √√

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1.2.2 Where did the indentured labourers come from? (1)
They came from India √
1.2.3 Why were they brought from the country mentioned in 1.2? (1)
India was a British Colony√
1.2.4 Why were they brought to Natal? (2
To work in the sugar plantations√√
1.5 Why was there a sudden need for Britain to import labour to work in the
plantations? (2)
. Britain saw an increase in the growing popularity and demand for sugar and
therefore wanted to increase production.√√

1.3 DIAMOND MINING AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF A MONOPOLY [20]

Study Source A and Source B below and answer the questions that follows:

Source B
„Claim holders joined with businessmen and formed companies to buy up
blocks of claims and to install modern machinery such as water pumps.
Backed by overseas (British, American and Western European) bankers and
other investors, a few large and powerful companies controlled diamond
mining.‟
Adapted from M Roberts, A History of South Africa. Longman History Studies
in Depth. Longman UK, 1990. p.33
1.3.1 What is the name of the first diamond discoveries along the banks of
the Vaal River? (1x1=1)
. Barkley West. √
1.3.2 What do you understand by the concept “One person one claim”? (1x2=2)
. Each individual digger was allowed to own a small square of land. √√
1.3.3 Explain why many small diggers went out of business when they dug
deeper. (2x1=2)
- As diggers mined deeper the walls between their claims collapsed, leading to
many fights and confusion as to whose claim started or ended where.
- As the mines became deeper diggers struggled to pull out the soil they

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were digging up
- It was harder to prevent water from filling up the mines
- Small diggers did not have enough money to buy the machinery they
needed to overcome these problems.
- They gave up their business and sold their land claims.
- Any other relevant response √√

1.3.4 Explain the term Economic depression. (1x2=2)

. Economic depression is when:
- Businesses close down
- People lose their jobs
- The cost of living increases
- People have less money to buy luxury goods
- Any other relevant response √√

1.3.5 When did the economic depression take place or occur? (1x1=1)
. 1881-1882. √.

1.3.6 In a paragraph of 8 to 10 lines, discuss what happened to black claim

owners (8)

Legislation enacted by Boer government prohibited the granting of claim licences

to blacks.
Most white diggers were against claim ownership by black diggers and
maintained that every black person was an actual or potential participant in the
flourishing illicit diamond buying market.
Most white diggers believed that it would be almost impossible for whites to
compete with blacks as diggers, as there were differences between their living
expenses. In other words, blacks could live and work more cheaply than whites.
In August 1874, white diamond diggers held a mass public meeting where it was
argued that blacks should be prevented from holding claims, not simply because
of a desire to eliminate competitors in the mines but also because it was felt that
black diggers undermined whites’ control over labour by acting as fronts for the
fencing of stolen diamonds.
Discrimination with respect to the right to dig was demanded as a measure to
prevent diamond theft because, according to the white diggers, claim ownership
entitled blacks to sell diamonds and provided a facility for servants to rob their
masters.
After the introduction of company mining in 1874, it was white mining magnates,
such as Joseph Robinson and Cecil Rhodes, who dominated company mining
and amalgamated claim ownership under white control and, inevitably, shoved
aside all black owners in the eventual monopolisation of the industry in 1886.
(any relevant answer)

Paragraphs should be structured as follows:

• Topic sentence
• The main point/s
• The concluding sentence

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LEVEL INDICATORS MARKS

LEVEL 1 Uses evidence in an Marks: 0-2

elementary manner e.g shows
little or no understanding.
LVEL 2 Evidence is mostly relevant Marks: 3-5
and relates to a great extend to
the topic.
LEVEL 3 Uses evidence very effectively Marks: 6-8
in an organized paragraph that
shows an understanding of the
topic
TOTAL /8

1.3.7 Which company was controlled by Cecil John Rhodes? (1x1=1)

De Beers Company. . √
1.3.8 Which company was controlled by Barney Barnato? (1x1=1)
. Kimberly Control Mining Company. √
1.3.9 What led the two companies mentioned above to compete against each
other? (1x1=1)
. When smaller companies went bankrupt the two companies competed against. √
1.3.10 Define the term Monopoly. (1x1=1)
To have all the power in an industry. . √

[4]

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