EX.

NO:1 Createtype2virtualizationinVMWAREoranyequivalentOpenSource
DATE: Tools Allocate memory and storage space as per requirement
Install Guest OS on that VMWARE
Aim:

TofindtheproceduretorunVMofdifferentconfigurationandAllocate
memoryandstoragespaceasperrequirement.

Procedure:

Step1:DownloadandInstallVMwareWorkstationPlayer

Step2:CreateaNewVirtualMachine Open

VMware Workstation Player

Clickon"CreateaNewVirtualMachine"orgotoFile>NewVirtualMachine

Step3:VirtualMachineConfigurationWizard
 The Virtual machineconfiguration Wizardwill
appear.Choose“Typical”configuration and click “Next”.

Step4:InstallGuestOperatingSystem

 ChoosetheinstallationmethodfortheguestOS.Youcaneitherinstall
fromadiscorimagefile(ISO)orchoosetoinstalllater.Ifyouhavethe ISO
file for your guest OS, select it during this step
 Click“Next”

Step5:EnterGuestOS Details

 Enterthenameofyourvirtualmachineandchoosethelocationwhereyou want
to save it.
 Selecttheappropriateguestoperatingsystemandversion.Forexample,if you
are installing Windows 10, choose "Windows" as the guest OS and
"Windows 10 x64" as the version.
 Click"Next."
 Step6:ConfigureVirtualMachineHardware

 Allocate memory: Choose how much RAM you want to allocate to the
virtual machine. Make sure to leave enough memory for your host OS to
run smoothly as well.
 Allocate storage: Choose whether to store the virtual disk as a single file
or split into multiple files. Specify the disk size, and you can also choose
to allocate all disk space now or let it grow as needed.
 Click"Next."
Step8:CustomizeHardware (Optional)

 If needed, you can customize the virtual machine's hardware settings like
CPU cores, network adapters, graphics memory, etc. Otherwise, you can
leave them as default.
 Click"Finish"onceyouaresatisfiedwiththesettings.
Step8:InstallGuestOS

 Start the virtual machine you just created. The virtual machine will boot
from the ISO or installation media you provided earlier.
 FollowthestandardinstallationprocessforyourguestOS.
Step9:InstallVMwareTools(OptionalbutRecommended)

 After installin/g the guest OS, it is advisable to install VMware Tools

within the guest OS. VMware Tools provides better integration between
the host and guest OS, enabling features like shared folders, improved
graphics, and more.
In the same way, we can install windows OS also. The output screens for
the virtual machines of different configurations.
OUTPUT
(i)UbuntuOperatingSysteminVirtualMachine

(i) Windows7OperatingSysteminVirtualMachine

RESULT:
Thus, various configurations of Virtual machines has been created and
run Successfully.
 EX.NO:2(a) Shrink and Extend Virtual Disk

DATE:

Aim:
TofindtheprocedureofShrinkavirtualdiskinvolvesreducingitssizeto
reclaimunusedspaceandextendavirtualdisk
allowsyoutoincreaseitssizeto accommodate more data.

Procedure:

ShrinkaVirtual Disk:
Step1:Insidethevirtualmachine,deleteunnecessaryfilesandemptytherecycl
e bin/trash to free up space.

Step2:Defragmentthevirtualmachine'sdisktomoveallthedatatothebeginning of
the disk.

Step3:Shutdownthevirtual machine.

Step4:Onthehostsystem,openthevirtualizationsoftware

Step5:Navigatetothevirtualmachine'ssettingsorconfiguration.

Step6:Selectthevirtualdiskyouwantto shrink.

Step7:Lookforanoptiontoshrinkorcompactthediskandfollowthe prompts.

Step8:Theprocessmighttakesometime,andit'sessentialtobackupyour
virtual machine before proceeding, as data loss can occur in some cases.

ExtendVirtualDisk:
Step1:Shutdownthevirtual machine.

Step2:Onthehostsystem,openthevirtualizationsoftware(e.g.,VMware,
VirtualBox).

Step3:Navigatetothevirtualmachine'ssettingsorconfiguration.

Step4:Selectthevirtualdiskyouwanttoextend.
 Step5:Lookforanoptiontoincreaseorextendthediskandfollowthe prompts.

Step6:Specifythenewsizeforthevirtualdisk(makesuretoallocateenough space
for your needs).
Step 7: The process might take some time, and it's crucial to back up
your
virtualmachinebeforeproceeding,asextendingthediskinvolvesmodifyingthe
underlying file system.

Output:
Result:
Thus,the shrink and extend of virtual disk has been created and run
Successfully.
EX.NO:2(b) Create,Manage,Configure and schedule snapshots

DATE:

Aim: To find the procedure of Creating, managing, configuring, and

schedulingsnapshots is a fundamental part of virtual machine management.

Procedure:
Step1:CreatingaSnapshot:Tocreateasnapshot,followthesesteps:

a. Select the virtual machine in the management interface (e.g., vSphere

Client).
b. Right-click on the virtual machine and choose "Snapshot" or "Take
Snapshot."

c. Provideanameanddescriptionforthesnapshot.

d. Optionally, select the memory state to capture the virtual machine's

running state (requires the virtual machine to be powered off).

e. Click"OK"tocreatethesnapshot.

Step2:ManagingSnapshots:Managingsnapshotsinvolvestaskssuchas viewing,
reverting, deleting, and consolidating snapshots.
a. Viewing Snapshots: To see the list of snapshots for a virtual machine,
navigate to the "Snapshots" tab in the virtual machine's details.

b. Reverting to a Snapshot: To revert a virtual machine to a specific

snapshot, right-click on the snapshot and choose "Revert to Snapshot." This
action will roll back the virtual machine to the state captured in the selected
snapshot.

c. DeletingSnapshots:Todeleteasnapshot,right-clickonthesnapshotand
choose "Delete Snapshot." You can choose to delete the snapshot only or delete
the snapshot and consolidate its changes into the base virtual machine disk.

d. Consolidating Snapshots: If you have multiple snapshots, you can

perform a "Snapshot Consolidation" to merge all snapshots into the base disk.
This helps to reduce storage requirements and improves performance.
 Step3:ConfiguringSnapshotSettings:Thesnapshotsettingsallowyoutodefine how
snapshots are managed and stored.

a. Snapshot Location: Configure the location where snapshot files are

stored,whichcanbeonthesamedatastoreasthevirtualmachineoronadifferent
storage location.

b. Snapshot Quiescent: Enable or disable the use of VMware Tools to

quiesce the file system inside the virtual machine before taking a snapshot.
This helps ensure application consistency during the snapshot.
Step4:SchedulingSnapshots:Somevirtualizationplatformsallowyoutoschedu
le snapshots to be taken automatically at specific intervals.

a. Scheduled Snapshots: Navigate to the virtual machine's settings,

findthe"SnapshotSchedule"option,andconfigurethefrequency and
retention policy for automatic snapshots.
Output:
Result:

Thus,the Create,Manage,Configure and schedule snapshots has been

created and run sucessfully
EX.NO:2(c) Create Spanned,Mirrored Striped volume

DATE:

Aim:

To create spanned, mirro red and striped volume

Procedure:
Step1:Howtocreateaspannedvolume:

a. Right-clickon"ThisPC"or"MyComputer"andselect"Manage."

b. In the Computer Management window, click on "Disk Management"

under "Storage" in the left pane.

c. Identify the disks you want to use in the spanned volume. They should
be unallocated or have empty space available.

d. Right-clickonthefirstdiskandchoose"NewSpanned Volume."

e. Follow the on-screen instructions to select additional disks and allocate

space for the spanned volume.
f. Assignadriveletterormountpointtothenewvolumeandformatitwith a file
system.

Step2:Howtocreateamirroredvolume:

a. Follow steps a to c from the spanned volume creation process to open

Disk Management.

b. Right-clickononeofthedisksyouwanttouseinthemirrorandchoose "New
Mirrored Volume."
c. Select the additional disk(s) to mirror the first disk, and then allocate
space for the mirrored volume.

d. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new volume and format it
withafilesystem.e.Windowswillstartthesynchronizationprocess,wheredata is
copied from the source disk to the mirror disk(s).

Step3:Howtocreateastripedvolume:

a. Follow steps a to c from the spanned volume creation process to open

Disk Management.
b. Right-clickononeofthedisksyouwanttouseinthestripeandchoose "New
 Striped Volume."

c. Select the additional disk(s) to include in the stripe, and then allocate
space for the striped volume. d. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new
volume and format it with a file system.

Output:
Result:
Thus ,to Create Spanned,Mirrored Striped volume has been created
and run successfully
EX.NO:2(d) Create RAID5 Volume

DATE:

Aim:

To create RAID5 volume.

Procedure:
Step 1: Backup Data: Before creating the RAID 5 volume, back up all your
critical data to ensure it is safe in case of any unforeseen issues.

Step2:InitializeandConvertDiskstoDynamic:Ifyourdisksarecurrentlybasic disks,
you need to convert them to dynamic disks to create a RAID 5 volume. Follow
these steps:

a. Right-clickon"ThisPC"or"MyComputer"andselect"Manage."

b. In the Computer Management window, click on "Disk

Management" under "Storage" in the left pane.

c. IdentifythedisksyouwanttouseintheRAID5array.Theyshouldbe
unallocated or have empty space available.

d. Right-clickoneachdiskandselect"ConverttoDynamicDisk."Repeat this
for all the disks you want to include in the RAID 5 array.

Step 3: Create the RAID 5 Volume: Once you have converted the disks to
dynamic, you can proceed to create the RAID 5 volume:
a. Right-clickononeofthedisksyouwanttouseintheRAID5array.

b. Select"NewSpannedVolume."

c. Follow the on-screen instructions to select the other disks you want to
include in the RAID 5 array. There should be at least three disks in total.

d. Allocate the desired amount of space for the RAID 5 volume. RAID 5
requiresaminimumofthreedisks,andthevolumesizewillbethetotalcapacity
ofalldisksminusonedisk'sworthofspace.Forexample,ifyouhavethree1TB disks,
the RAID 5 volume will have a total capacity of 2TB.

e. Assign a drive letter or mount point to the new RAID 5 volume and
format it with a file system.
Step4:Initializeand FormattheRAID 5Volume:AftercreatingtheRAID 5
volume, you need to initialize and format it:
 a. Whenprompted,initializethedisksusingthedefaultpartitionstyle
(usually GPT).

b. Format the RAID 5 volume with your desired file system (e.g.,
NTFS) and assign a drive letter or mount point.

Output:
RESULT:
Thus,to Create RAID5 Volume has been created and run successfully.
EX.NO:3a Desktop Virtualization usingVNC

DATE:

Aim:

To create Desktop virtualization using VNC.

Procedure:

Step1:InstallVNCServer.

Step 2: Configure VNC Server: After installing the VNC server, you'll need to
configure it bysetting a password or access control options to securethe remote
access. Ensure that the VNC server is running and ready to accept incoming
connections.

Step3:InstallVNCViewer.

Step 4: Connect to the Remote Desktop: Launch the VNC viewer and enter the
IP address or host name of the remote computer (the host) you want to connect
to. If you have configured a password or access control options on the VNC
server, you will be prompted to enter the credentials. Once authenticated, the
VNC viewer establishes a connection to the remote desktop.

Step5:ControltheRemoteDesktop:Aftertheconnectionisestablished,youwill
seetheremotedesktopenvironmentdisplayedintheVNCviewer.Youcannow
interactwiththeremotedesktopasifyouwerephysically sittinginfrontofit.

Youcanrunapplications,accessfiles,andperformanytasksontheremote computer
just as if you were using it directly.
Output:

RESULT:
Thus,to create Desktop virtualization using VNC has been executed successfully
EX.NO:3b Desktop Virtualization using Chrome Remote Desktop

DATE:

Aim:

To create Desktop virtualization using chrome Remote desktop.

Procedure:

Step 1: Install Chrome Remote Desktop Extension: Make sure you have the
Google Chrome web browser installed on both the computer you want to access
remotely(thehost)andthecomputerordeviceyouwanttouseforremoteaccess (the
client). Install the "Chrome Remote Desktop" extension from the Chrome Web
Store on both devices.

Step2:SetUpHostComputer(Computertobe Accessed):

a. OpenGoogleChromeonthehost computer.

b. Intheaddressbar,type"chrome://apps"andpressEnter.

c. Clickonthe"ChromeRemoteDesktop"icontoopentheapplication.

d. Followtheon-screeninstructionstograntnecessarypermissionsandset up
remote access for the host computer.

e. CreateasecurePINtouseforremoteaccessauthentication.

Step3:AccessHostComputer(Client Device):

a. OpenGoogleChromeontheclientdevice(thecomputerordevicefrom
which you want to access the host computer remotely).

b. Intheaddressbar,type"remotedesktop.google.com/access"andpress
Enter.

c. Clickonthe"Access"buttonunderthe"RemoteAccess"section.

d. Sign in with your Google Account (the same account used on the
host computer).

Step4:ChoosetheHost Computer:
 a. After signing in, you should see alist ofavailable computers set up for
remote access. Choose the host computer you want to access.

Step5:AuthenticateandConnect:

a. IfyouhavesetupaPINforthehostcomputer,youwillbepromptedto enter it
to authenticate the remote access.
b. Once authenticated, the remote connection will be established,
and you will see the host computer's desktop in the Chrome browser
window.

Step6:ControltheHost Computer:

a. You can now interact with the host computer's desktop through the
Chromebrowseron yourclientdevice.Useyourmouseandkeyboardto control the
remote desktop.
b. To switch between full-screen and windowed mode, click the "Toggle
full screen" button on the top right corner of the remote desktop window.

Step7:EndtheRemoteSession:Toendtheremotesession,clickthe"Stop
Sharing" button at the bottom of the remote desktop window.

Output:
 Result:

Thus,to create Desktop virtualization using chrome Remote

desktop has been created and run successfully.

EX.NO:4 Create type 2 virtualization on ESXI6.5 server

DATE:

Aim:

To create type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6. 5 server.

Procedure:

Step 1: Install ESXi 6.5: First, you need to install VMware ESXi 6.5 on your
server.

Step2:AccessESXiWebClient:OnceESXiisinstalledandrunning,accessthe ESXi
Web Client through a web browser on a separate computer. Enter the IP address
or hostname of your ESXi server to log in to the management interface.

Step 3: Create a Virtual Machine: To create a virtual machine within ESXi,

follow these steps:

a. IntheESXiWebClient,navigatetothe"HostsandClusters"view.

b. SelectyourESXiserverfromthe listofhosts.

c. Clickonthe"Create/RegisterVM"buttonorright-clickonthehostand
choose "New Virtual Machine."

d. The"CreateNewVirtualMachine"wizardwillappear.Followthesteps in
the wizard to configure the virtual machine, including providing a name,
selectingtheguestoperatingsystem,settingthedesiredresources(CPU,memory,
disk space, etc.), and selecting a storage location for the virtual machine files.
 e. Finishthewizard,andthevirtualmachinewillbecreated.

Step4:InstallGuestOperatingSystem:Oncethevirtualmachineiscreated,you
can power it on and install the guest operating system of your choice (e.g.,
Windows, Linux, etc.) using an ISO image or CD/DVD.

Step 5: Access and Manage the Virtual Machine: After the guest
operating system is installed, you can access the virtual machine through the
VMware
RemoteConsole(VMRC)oruseremoteaccesstoolslikeVNCorRDPtointeract with
the guest operating system.

OUTPUT:
Result:

Thus,to create type 2 virtualization on ESXI 6. 5 server has been created and run
successfully.
EX.NO:5 Create a VLAN in CISCO packet tracer

DATE:

Aim:

To create a VLAN in CISCO packet tracer.

Procedure:
Step 1: Launch Cisco Packet Tracer: Start Cisco Packet Tracer and open a new
or existing project.

Step2:AddSwitches:Draganddropswitchesfromthe"Switches"sectionofthe
"Devices" pane onto the workspace. You can use any Cisco switch model
available in Packet Tracer.

Step3:ConnectSwitches:ConnecttheswitchesusingEthernetcables.Clickon the
Ethernet interfaces of the switches and then click on the other switch's Ethernet
interfaces to create connections.
Step 4: Access the CLI: Double-click on the first switch to access its CLI
(Command Line Interface). The CLI window will open.

Step5:ConfigureVLANs:Entertheconfigurationmodebytypingthefollowing
command:

enable

configureterminal

Step6:CreateVLANs:TocreateVLANs,usethe vlan commandfollowedby

the VLAN number. For example, to createVLAN 10 and VLAN 20, you
would do:

vlan 10

vlan 20
Step7:AssignPortstoVLANs:ToassignportstoVLANs,usethe

interface commandfollowedbytheportnumberandthenthe switchportaccess

vlan command. For example, to assign port 1 to VLAN 10 and port 2 to VLAN
20, you would do:

interface

FastEthernet0/1
switchport mode access
 switchportaccessvlan10

interface

FastEthernet0/2

switchport mode access

switchportaccessvlan20

Step 8: Exit Configuration Mode: After assigning VLANs to the desired ports,
exit the configuration mode by typing exit.

Step9:SaveConfiguration:Savetheconfigurationbytyping write or copy

running-configstartup-config tomakesurethechangesaresaved.

Step 10: Test VLANs: Now that you have created ports,
youcantesttheconnectivitybetweendevicesconnectedtotheswitches.Devices
inthesameVLANshouldbeabletocommunicatewitheachother,whiledevices in
different VLANs should not have direct communication unless you configure
inter-VLAN routing.

Output:
Result:

Thus,to create a VLAN in CISCO packet tracer has been created and run
successfully
EX.NO:6 Install KVM in Linux

DATE:

Aim:

To Install KVM in Linux.

Procedure:

Step 1: Check Hardware Support: Before installing KVM, ensure that your
system'sCPUsupportshardwarevirtualizationextensions(IntelVT-xorAMD-
V). You can check this by running the following command:

egrep-c'(vmx|svm)' /proc/cpuinfo
Iftheoutputisgreaterthanzero(1ormore),itmeansyourCPUsupports hardware
virtualization.

Step2:InstallKVMPackages:Thepackagenamesmayvarydependingonyour
Linux distribution. Here are the package names for some popular distributions:

For Ubuntu/Debian:

sudoapt update

sudoaptinstallqemu-kvmlibvirt-daemon-systemlibvirt-clientsbridge-utils
virt-manager

For CentOS/RHEL:

sudoyuminstallqemu-kvmlibvirtvirt-installbridge-utils sudo

systemctl enable libvirtd

sudosystemctlstartlibvirtd

For Fedora:

sudodnfinstall@virtualization

sudo systemctl enable libvirtd

sudo systemctl start libvirtd

Step3:VerifyInstallation:Afterinstallingtherequiredpackages,checkifKVM
kernel modules are loaded correctly:
 lsmod|grepkvm

Theoutputshouldshow kvm and or modulesloaded,

kvm_intel kvm_amd
depending on your CPU.
Step4:ConfigurePermissions:Fornon-rootuserstomanagevirtualmachines
usingKVM,addthemtothe group:
libvirt
sudousermod-aGlibvirt<username>
Remembertologoutandlogbackinforthechangestotake effect.

Step 5: Enable Nested Virtualization (Optional): If you plan to run virtual

machines with nested virtualization (e.g., running KVM inside a KVM guest),
you may need to enable nested virtualization on the host. This step is only
required if you intend to run virtual machines with KVM as guests.

ForIntelCPUs:

echo "optionskvm-intelnested=1" | sudotee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-

intel.conf

sudomodprobe-rkvm_intel sudo

modprobe kvm_intel
ForAMDCPUs:
 echo "optionskvm-amd nested=1" | sudotee /etc/modprobe.d/kvm-
amd.conf

sudomodprobe-rkvm_amd sudo

modprobe kvm_amd

Step 6: Install and Configure Virt-Manager (Optional): Virt-Manager is a

graphical user interface tool to manage virtual machines using KVM. If you
prefer a GUI interface, you can install Virt-Manager:
For Ubuntu/Debian:

sudoaptinstallvirt-manager

For CentOS/RHEL:

sudoyuminstallvirt-manager

For Fedora:

sudodnfinstallvirt-manager
Oncetheinstallationiscomplete,youcanstartcreatingandmanagingvirtual
machinesusingKVM.Youcanusecommand-linetoolslike inte r fvaicresh
oragraphical like Virt-Manager to interact with KVM.

Output:
 Result:

Thus, to Install KVM in Linux has been successfully installed and executed.
EX.NO:7 Create Nested Virtual Machine (VM under another VM)

DATE:

Aim:

To create Nested Virtual Mavhine(VM under another VM).

Procedure:
Step1:EnableNestedVirtualization:BeforecreatinganestedVM,ensure
nestedvirtualizationisenabledonthehostVM(theVMthatwillrunother
VMs).

For VirtualBox:

OpenVirtualBoxandselectthehostVMfromthelist.Goto"Settings">"System">"Pr
ocessor" and check the "Enable Nested VT-x/AMD-V" option.
Step 2: Install an Operating System in the Host VM: Ensure you have an
operatingsysteminstalledinthehostVM.Thiswillbetheenvironmentinwhich you'll
run the nested VMs.
Step 3: Install VirtualBox within the Host VM: Inside the host VM, download
and install VirtualBox (or anyother virtualization software you prefer) as if you
were installing it on a physical machine.

Step 4: Create the Nested VM: Now that you have VirtualBox installed within
the host VM, you can create a new VM inside it.

a. OpenVirtualBoxwithinthehostVM.

b. Clickon "New"tocreateanewVM.

c. Follow the VM creation wizard to set up the nested VM, including

selecting the guest operating system, allocating memory, creating a virtual hard
disk, etc.

Step 4: Install the Guest Operating System in the Nested VM: With the nested
VMcreated,startitandinstalltheguestoperatingsystem,justasyouwouldwith any
regular VM installation.

Step5;ConfigureNetworking(Optional):Dependingonyourrequirements,you
mayneedtoconfigurethenetworkingofthenestedVMtoallowcommunication with
other VMs or external networks.

Step6:UsetheNestedVM:OncethenestedVMissetupandtheguestoperating
systemisinstalled,youcanuseitjustlikeanyotherVM.Installapplications,run tests,
or perform any tasks within the nested VM.
Output:

Result:

Thus, to create Nested Virtual Mavhine(VM under another VM) has been execute
and run successfully.