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FlatWorld
 Interacting with Others: Helping, Hurting, and Conforming 408
Working With Others: The Costs and Benefits of Social Groups 420
Chapter Summary 426
Endnotes 428

Chapter 12 Personality 431

Personality and Behavior: Approaches and Measurement 432
The Origins of Personality 446
Is Personality More Nature or More Nurture? Behavioral and Molecular 456
Genetics
Chapter Summary 461
Endnotes 463

Chapter 13 Defining Psychological Disorders 465

Psychological Disorder: What Makes a Behavior "Abnormal"? 466
Anxiety and Dissociative Disorders: Fearing the World Around Us 479
Depressive Disorders: Emotions as Illness 486
Schizophrenia: The Edge of Reality and Consciousness 493
Personality Disorders 497
Physical, Sexual, Eating, and Sleeping Disorders 502
Chapter Summary 507
Endnotes 509

Chapter 14 Treating Psychological Disorders 513

Reducing Disorder by Confronting It: Psychotherapy 515
Reducing Disorder Biologically: Drug and Brain Therapy 527
Reducing Disorder by Changing the Social Situation 534
Evaluating Treatment and Prevention: What Works? 537
Chapter Summary 543
Endnotes 545

Chapter 15 Answers to Quiz Questions 547

Chapter 1 547
Chapter 2 549
Chapter 3 552
Chapter 4 555
Chapter 5 559
Chapter 6 562
Chapter 7 565
Chapter 8 568
Chapter 9 571
Chapter 10 574
Chapter 11 577
Chapter 12 579
 Chapter 13 582
Chapter 14 586

Index 589
Charles Stangor is a professor of psychology at the University of Maryland. He has also
taught at the New School for Social Research in New York, Michigan State University,
and at the University of Tu.bingen in Germany. He received his BA from Beloit College
in 1973 and his PhD from New York University in 1986. Dr. Stangor is the recipient of
research grants from the National Institute of Mental Health and from the National
Science Foundation. He has published seven books and over 70 research articles and
book chapters and has served as an associate editor of the European Journal of Social
Psychology. He is a charter fellow of the Association for Psychological Science. He has
served as the chair of the executive committee and as executive officer for the Society
for Experimental Social Psychology. Dr. Stangor regularly teaches Social Psychology,
Research Methods, and at the graduate level, Fundamentals of Social Psychology and
Group Processes. Dr. Stangor has served as Associate Chair in the psychology depart-
ment, and has won the distinguished teaching award from the University of Maryland.
Dr. Stangor's research interests concern the enhancement and assessment of academic
achievement in higher education, with a particular focus on reducing educational
achievement gaps between men and women and among ethnic groups.
NOTES FOR VERSION 3.0
I would like to thank the team at FlatWorld, including Vicki Brentnall and KB Mello, who worked closely with me on all aspects of
the project. Also, many thanks to the following colleagues (including those who wish to remain anonymous) whose comprehensive
feedback and suggestions for improving the material helped make the third edition of Introduction to Psychology a better text.
• Dr. Denise Arellano, Ph.D., McNeese State University
• Dr. David Baskind, Delta College
• Dr. Robert Becklen, Ph.D., Ramapo College of New Jersey
• Janell Campbell, Colorado State University-Pueblo
• Dr. Kimberly Chandler, Ph.D., Eastfield College
• Dr. James Collins, Middle Georgia College
• Sister Marie Kathleen Daugherty, Donnelly College
• J. David Eisenberg, Evergreen Valley College
• Daniella Errett, Pennsylvania Highlands Community College
• Jerry Green, Tarrant County College
• Deana Julka, University of Portland
• Dr. Caleb Lack, University of Central Oklahoma
• Dr. Thomas Link, Pierce College
• Richard P. Martielli, Ph.D., Washington University in Saint Louis
• Tom Myers, Queensborough Community College
• John Norland, Blackhawk Technical College
• Dr. Mary Ann O'Grady, Southern New Hampshire University
• Sharon Olsen, St. Petersburg College
• Sheldon H. Rifkin, Ph.D., Kennesaw State University
• Dr. Michael Spiegler, Ph.D., Providence College
• Dr. Wayne Stein, Brevard Community College
• Barry Stennett, Athens Technical College; North Georgia College
• Dr. Aaron Wichman, Western Kentucky University

VERSION 1.0
The development of Introduction to Psychology was made possible through the combined efforts of many people, each of whom
brought special skills to the project.
One important resource was an advisory board of instructors from across the country. Their thoughtful and insightful feedback
throughout development was invaluable in creating this first edition. I am deeply grateful to the following people for their time and
effort:
• M. Janelle Cambron-Mellott, University of Alabama; Birmingham Southern College
• Celeste Doerr, Florida State University
• Jerry Green, Tarrant County College-NW Campus
• Richard Hass, University of Delaware
• Adam Hutcheson, University of South Carolina
• Matthew I. Isaak, University of Louisiana at Lafayette
• Kerry Jordan, Utah State University
• Jerwen Jou, University of Texas-Pan American
• Peggy Norwood, Community College of Aurora
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 3

• Karen Rhines, Northampton Community College

• Eva Szeli, Arizona State University
• Anton Villado, Rice University
Introduction to Psychology also benefited from reviews at various stages of the book's development. Many thanks to the following re-
viewers for their contributions:
• Eileen J. Achorn, The University of Texas at San Antonio
• Mara Aruguete, Lincoln University
• David Carlston, Midwestern State University
• Jenel T. Cavazos, Cameron University
• Stephanie B. Ding, Del Mar College
• Gaithri A. Fernando, California State University, Los Angeles
• William Goggin, University of Southern Mississippi
• Karla A. Lassonde, Minnesota State University, Mankato
• Greg Loviscky, Pennsylvania State University
• Michael A. Mangan, University of New Hampshire, Durham
• Anne Moyer, SUNY at Stony Brook
• Todd Nelson, California State University, Stanislaus
• Bridgette J. Peteet, University of Cincinnati
• Brad Pinter, Pennsylvania State University, Altoona
• Steven V. Rouse, Pepperdine University
• Glenda S. Williams, Lone Star College, North Harris
Thanks also to Maren Voss, Hagerstown (MD) Community College, for her research and writing assistance; to Matthew I. Isaak,
University of Louisiana at Lafayette, for his work on the accompanying Test Item File and PowerPoint slides; and to Chrissy Chimi
and Stacy Claxton of Scribe, Inc., who expertly handled the many details of the production process.
And special thanks to the team at Flat World Knowledge. Completion of the book and supplements required the attention of
many people, including Michael Boezi, who signed the book and supported my efforts from beginning to end; Pam Hersperger, who
managed the book through development; and Gina Huck Siegert, who worked closely with me on all aspects of the project.
When I first started teaching introductory psychology, I found it difficult- much harder than teaching classes in statistics or re-
search methods. I was passionate about the topic, and that helped a lot, but the students were having trouble grasping the big pic-
ture. I gave a great lecture on the sympathetic nervous system, created a stimulating discussion of Piaget's theories, and presented
enlightening real-world examples of social cognition, but I was less sure how to link these disparate topics together for the student. I
felt a bit like I was presenting a laundry list of research findings rather than an integrated set of principles and knowledge.
Of course, what was difficult for me was harder still for my students. How could they be expected to remember and understand
all the many phenomena of psychology? How could they tell what was most important? And why, given the abundance of informa-
tion that was freely available to them on the web, should they care about my approach? My teaching needed something to structure,
integrate, and motivate student learning.
Eventually, I found some techniques that helped my students understand and appreciate what I found to be important:
First, I realized that psychology actually did matter to my students, and that they could learn to think like psychologists.
However, I needed to make clearer to them why psychology does matter and why they should care about the study of psychology. I
therefore created a more consistent focus in my teaching on the central theme of action. Predicting our own actions and those of
others is the fundamental and integrating goal of psychology- and yet that fact is often not made clear to students. Affect, cognition,
and motivation are critical and essential, and they are best understood and made relevant through their links with action. Once I
figured this out, I began tying all the material in the book to this idea: The sympathetic nervous system matters because it has specific
and predictable influences on what we do. Piaget's findings matter because they help us understand the child's actions (not just his or
her thinking). And social cognition matters because our social thinking helps us better relate to the other people in our everyday social
lives. This integrating theme allows me to organize my lectures, my writing assignments, and my testing.
Second was the issue of empiricism: I increasingly emphasized, over my years of teaching, that what seems true might not be
true, and we need to try to determine whether or not it actually is. The principle of empirical research testing falsifiable hypotheses
and explaining much (but never all) behavior- the idea of psychology as a science- was critical, and it helped me differentiate psy-
chology from other disciplines. Another reason for emphasizing empiricism is that the Introduction to Psychology course represents
many students' only opportunity to learn about the fundamentals of scientific research.
Finally, the issue of focus came into play. Students want to learn but they don't want to be overwhelmed. The length of existing
psychology textbooks was creating a real and unnecessary impediment to student learning. I found myself condensing and abridging
my coverage, but often without a clear rationale for choosing to cover one topic and omit another. My focus on action, coupled with
a consistent focus on empiricism, helped in this regard- the two themes helped me identify the underlying principles of psychology
and separate more essential topics from less essential ones.
But textbooks were too long- I wanted to write a shorter, more focused book. My focus on action and empiricism has produced
a text that is better organized, has fewer chapters, and is somewhat shorter than many of the leading competitors. Students are
thrilled about a shorter text, and instructors feel confident that they can cover the entire book in one semester.

PEDAGOGICAL GOALS
This book is designed to facilitate student learning. It uses a wide variety of pedagogy to help instructors and students, including the
following:
• Chapter Openers to Stimulate Student Interest. I open each chapter by showcasing an interesting real-world example of
people who are dealing with psychological questions and who use psychology to help them answer those questions. These
chapter openers will draw your students into the chapter and create an interest in learning about the topic.
• Psychology in Everyday Life. Each chapter contains one or two features designed to link the principles from the chapter to
real-world applications in business, environment, health, law, education, and other relevant domains. For instance, the ap-
plication in Chapter 6- «What Makes a Good Parent?"- applies the concepts of parenting styles in a mini-handbook about
parenting, and the application in Chapter 3 is about the difficulties that left-handed people face performing everyday tasks
in a right-handed world.
• Research Foci to Reinforce the Importance of Empiricism. I attempt to emphasize empiricism throughout the text, but
without making it a distraction from the main story line. Each chapter also presents two close-ups on research- well-articu-
lated and specific examples of research within the content area, each including a summary of the hypotheses, methods, res-
ults, and interpretations. This feature provides a continuous thread that reminds students of the importance of empirical re-
search. The research foci also emphasize the fact that findings are not always predictable ahead of time (dispelling the myth
of hindsight bias) and help students understand how research really works.
• Quiz Questions. A set of quiz questions is found at the end of every main chapter section. Students can use these to test
their learning. Frequent testing is a key to student success and these quizzes help meet that objective.
PREFACE 5

• Learning Objectives. Each main chapter section lays out the learning objetives for that section.
• Marginal Glossary of Key Terms. Placing the key terms in the margins allows students to easily review them by skimming
through the text.
• Key Takeaways. Students can review the highlights of the chapters.
• Exercises and Critical Thinking Activities. These are thought questions that can be used to stimulate discussion and help
students form opinions about the chapter section content.

CONTEMPORARY THEMES
Two topics that are of particular interest to contemporary psychologists involve the treatment of Nature and Nurture, and the role of
Gender and Culture. These themes are introduced in Chapter 1 and revisited throughout the book.
Nature and Nurture. Although some competing texts have a separate chapter on the nature-nurture question, version 3 contin-
ues to weave this important topic throughout the text. Discussion about the role of nature and nurture appear in the following
chapters:
Chapter 1
• Introduction to the Gene and to Evolutionary Psychology
• Plato vs. Aristotle
• Research Focus: Do We Have Free Will?
Chapter6
• Epigenetics- Developing and Inheriting Traits without Changes in DNA
Chapter9
• Is Intelligence Inherited?
• Sex Differences in Intelligence
• Theories of Language Acquisition
Chapter 10
• Nature versus Nurture in Sexual Orientation
Chapter 12
• Is Personality more Nature or Nurture?
• Using Twin Studies to Study Personality
• Using Molecular Genetics to Understand Personality
Chapter 13
• The Role of Genetics and Environment in Schizophrenia, Depression, and Anxiety
• Research Focus: Discovering Common Genetic Determinants of Psychological Disorders
Similarity versus Difference. I frame issues of gender and culture in terms of the broader psychological principle of similarity versus
difference, and these important topics are addressed in virtually every chapter of the text.
Gender Differences
Chapter 1
• Gender Differences in Depression
Chapter 2
• Gender Similarities in Response to Violent Video Games
Chapter 3
• Gender Differences in Color Perception
• Sex Differences and Sex Hormones Including Testosterone and Oxytocin
Chapter4
• Gender Differences in Sexual Interest
Chapter 5
• Development of Sexual Knowledge
6 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY VERSION 3.0

• Primary and Secondary Sex Characteristics

• Sex Hormones and Puberty
• Gender Differences in Response to Puberty
• Menarche and Menopause
Chapter9
• Gender Differences in Intelligence and Other Tasks
• Gender Differences in STEM Degree Attainment
Chapter 10
• Gender Differences in Sexual Interest
• Gender Differences in Eating Disorders
• Gender Differences in Responses to Stress
• Gender Differences in Emotion Perception, Myers 470-71
• Stress and Gender
Chapter 11
• Accuracy of Stereotypes about Men and Women
• Gender Differences in Conformity and Obedience
• Gender Differences in Aggression and after Viewing Violent Video Games
Chapter 12
• Heritability of Sexual Orientation
Chapter 13
• Gender Differences in AD HD
• Gender Differences in Depression
• Gender Identity Disorder
• Gender Differences in Externalizing and Internalizing Disorders (APD and BPD)
• Gender Differences in Autism
• Gender and Freudian Theory
Cross-cultural Differences
Chapter 1
• Cross-cultural Psychology as a Vibrant Field within Psychology
• Definition and Explanation of Culture
• Individualism and Collectivism
• Variation in Social Norms across Cultures
• Culture as Part of the Highest Level of Explanation in Psychology
Chapter2
• Cross-Cultural Psychology as Statistical Generalization or Moderation
Chapter 3
• The Role of Culture in Handedness
Chapter4
• How Culture Shapes Our Visual Perception
Chapter 5
• Cultural Differences in Dreaming
Chapter6
• Differing Patterns of Development in Different Cultures
• Similarities in Attachment Styles Across Cultures
• Puberty and Menarche across Cultures
• Morality and Culture
PREFACE 7

• Perceptions of Menopause across Cultures

• The Role of Culture in Aging
• The Role of Culture in Dying and Bereavement
Chapter9
• Definitions of Intelligence across Cultures
• Culture and Intelligence Testing
• Culture and Color Perception Language
Chapter 10
• Similarities and Differences in Emotions across Cultures
• Cultural Differences in Attitudes toward Sexual Orientation
Chapter 11
• Perceptions of Physical Attractiveness across Cultures
• The Culture of Honor
Chapter 12
• Variations in Personality across Cultures
Chapter 13
• Culture and the Definition of Psychological Disorders
• Variation in the prevalence of Psychological Disorders across Cultures

WHAT'S NEW IN VERSION 3.0?

The third version of Introduction to Psychology retains the chapter format from the prior versions. Instructors can seamlessly trans-
ition into the update. Chapters 5, 6, and 10 have been re-titled to better reflect their content in a contemporary way.
Updated references. I have scoured the literature for important updates to the field since the publication of Version 2. I have
added new references and updated the text where changes in interpretation or understanding of important psychological concepts
have been made since the last edition.
Updated key terms. I have carefully reviewed the key terms, asking which are the terms that we expect students to be familiar
with. Many of the key terms used in competing texts are not central to the field, and yet students are required to study them as care-
fully as they study the more important ones. I believe that students can be expected to learn about five new key terms a day. Over a
semester of 13 weeks that's 13*7*5 = 455 key terms. This text comes in around that number.
Updated Art. The artwork in the third version has been expanded with new contemporary images in many chapters.
Quiz questions are now in the text with answers printed in the back of the book.
The supplements have also been updated. A new test bank and PowerPoint deck are available for instructors.
In addition to many minor ones, I have also made the following more central changes:
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychology
• Psychology in Everyday Life: How to Effectively Learn and Remember has been updated and a new summary table has been
added (Chapter 1).
• I noted that the levels of explanation are similar to the levels proposed by the biopsychosocial model of mental illness as pro-
posed by clinical psychologists.
• I removed Free will vs Determinism as a major theme of psychology, although I kept a Research Focus on this topic in
Chapter 1. This is an important theme, but not as central as the others. I added more about the basic theme of accuracy vs.
inaccuracy throughout the text.
• I have expanded the introductory discussion of cross-cultural psychology and provided more examples of the kinds of re-
search questions that are studied by cross-cultural psychologists.
Chapter 2: Psychological Science
• I expanded discussion of the difficulties of replication and the use of confidence intervals and Bayesian statistics to improve
judgments about a finding's reliability and strength.
• I have provided new examples of naturalistic observation in Twitter communications.
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8 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY VERSION 3.0

• Updated Psychology in the Public Interest: Critically Evaluating the Validity of Websites
• In addition to the existing Critical Thinking Exercises on Correlation and causation, I have added new exercises on non-
representative samples and small samples.
Chapter 3: Brains, bodies and behavior:
• I have added new discussion and citations regarding the role of culture in brain plasticity.
• New images ofbrainbow mapping of brains.
Chapter 5: Consciousness, Body Rhythms, and Mental States
• New Psychology in Everyday Life- Opioid Addiction in the United States
Chapter 6: Growing and Developing Across the Life Span
• New Research Focus: Beyond Nature and Nurture: Transmission via Epigenetics
Chapter 10: Emotions, Motivations, Stress and Health
• I have provided a more nuanced description of the physiological responses to stress.
• Expanded discussion of variation in, and influence of, sexual orientation
Chapter 11: Psychology in our Social Lives
• New Research Focus: How Helping Others makes us Happy.
Chapter 12: Personality
• Update on Big 5 Personality Traits findings and descriptions
Chapter 14: Treating Psychological Disorders
• New chapter opener on Using Mindfulness to Reduce Depression and Anxiety
I hope you will agree that Introduction to Psychology provides a useful and productive synthesis between the goals of instructors and
students. I have tried to focus on the forest rather than the trees and to bring psychology to life- in ways that really matter for stu-
dents. At the same time, the book maintains content and conceptual rigor, with a strong focus on the fundamental principles of em-
piricism and the scientific method. I am grateful for being able to help so many instructors at so many universities communicate the
world of psychology to their students.
_ _( l:J A e I E_
•
UCIll
Psychology is the scientific study ofmind and behavior. The word "psychology" comes from the Greek words psychology

"psyche," meaning life, and "logos," meaning explanation. Psychology is a popular major for students, a popular The scientific study of mind
and behavior.
topic in the public media, and a part of our everyday lives. Television shows such as Dr. Phil feature psychologists

who provide personal advice to those with personal or family difficulties. Crime dramas such as CS!, Bones, Dexter,

and others feature the work of forensic psychologists who use psychological principles to help solve crimes. And

many people have direct knowledge about psychology because they have visited psychologists, for instance,

school counselors, family therapists, and religious, marriage, or bereavement counselors.

Because we are frequently exposed to the work of psychologists in our everyday lives, we all have an idea

about what psychology is and what psychologists do. In many ways I am sure that your conceptions are correct.

Psychologists do work in forensic fields, and they do provide counseling and therapy for people in distress. But

there are hundreds of thousands of psychologists around the world, working together to learn about human

behavior and to help people who are in psychological distress cope with their difficulties. Psychology is a fast-

growing global effort which aims to understand how people think and act, and to create a better world for all of us.

Most psychologists work in research laboratories, hospitals, and other field settings where they study the

behavior of humans and animals. For instance, my colleagues in the Psychology Department at the University of

Maryland study such diverse topics as how college students learn new material, the interpretation of dreams, the

effects of caffeine on thinking, how birds recognize each other, how praying mantises hear, how people from

different cultures react differently in negotiation, and the factors that lead people to engage in terrorism. Other

psychologists study such topics as alcohol and drug addiction, memory, emotion, hypnosis, love, what makes

people aggressive or helpful, and the psychologies of politics, prejudice, culture, and religion. Psychologists also

work in health care settings, schools, and businesses, and they use a variety of methods-including observation,

questionnaires, interviews, and laboratory studies-to help them understand behavior.

This chapter provides an introduction to the broad field of psychology and the many approaches that

psychologists take to understanding human behavior. We will consider how psychologists conduct scientific

research, with an overview of some of the most important approaches used and topics studied by psychologists,

and also consider the variety of fields in which psychologists work. I expect that you may find that at least some of

your preconceptions about psychology will be challenged and changed, and you will learn that psychology is a

field that will provide you with new ways of thinking about your own thoughts, feelings, and actions.
10 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY VERSION 3.0

F I G U RE 1 . 1 The Science of Behavior

Psychology is, in large part, the study of behavior. Why do you think these people are behaving the way they are
behaving?

-
-
.... -

Source: © Thinkstock.

In addition to learning about its content, your study of psychology will also provide you with another important

benefit. Psychologists think carefully and critically about the world around them. They systematically differentiate

opinions that are based on values and preconceptions from those that are based on rational, scientific, and

empirical evidence. The ability to make appropriate judgments and decisions based on available information is

known as critical thinking. According to the American Psychological Association (2013)/ 11good critical thinkers have

the traits listed in this table:

Tolerant of ambiguity Amiably skeptical Open-minded Curious

Creative Inventive Logical Persistent
Systematic Intentional Constructively critical Precise
Self-directed Self-starting Collaborative Careful

The ability to think critically is important because critical thinking is a strong predictor of your future success,

including your performance in postgraduate education and in your working career. Students with psychology

degrees are highly sought after by employers in various domains, and critical thinking skills are an important part of

the market value of a psychology degree. Among others, a degree in psychology can prepare you for the jobs

shown in Table 1.1 (Appleby, Millspaugh, & Hammersley, 2011 ).[21

CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCING PSYCHOLOGY 11

TABLE 1 . 1 Careers in Psychology

Potential careers with a bachelor's degree in Careers that require a degree beyond the bachelor's
psychology degree in psychology
Activities director Academic counselor
Admissions evaluator Air Force psychologist
Advertising sales representative Army psychologist
Alumni director Art therapist
Animal trainer Assessment professional/program evaluator
Applied statistician Biogerontologist
Army mental health specialist Chief psycholog ist
Benefits manager Child abuse counselor
Career/employment counselor Child counselor
Career information specialist Child psychologist
Caseworker Clinical psychologist
Ch ild development specialist Clinical social worker
Ch ild welfare/placement caseworker Cognitive neuroscientist
Ch ild welfare social worker Cognitive psychologist
Ch iropractor College/university professor
Claims supervisor Community counselor
Coach Community psychologist
Community organization worker Comparative psychologist
Community worker Counsel ing psychologist
Computer programmer Developmental psychologist
Conservation officer Domestic violence counselor
Consumer psychologist Educational psychologist
Correctional treatment specialist Psychologist
Corrections officer Exercise therapist
Criminal investigator (FBI and other) Experimental psycholog ist
Customer service representative supervisor Family counselor/caseworker
Database adm inistrator Forensic psychologist
Database design analyst Gerontolog ical counselor
Del inquency prevention social worker Geropsycholog ist
Department manager Guidance counselor
Dietician Health psycholog ist
Disability policy worker lndustriaI/organizational psycholog ist
Disability case manager Lawyer
Elementary school teacher Licensed professional counselor
Employee health maintenance program Marriage and fam ily counselor
specialist
Employee relations special ist Marriage and fam ily therapist
Employment counselor Mathematica I/quantitative psychologist
Employment interviewer Media psycholog ist
Engineering/human factors/ergonomic Medical social worker
Financial aid counselor Mental health counselor
Fund raiser I Mil itary chaplain
Fund raiser II Mil itary counselor
Geriatric social worker Mil itary psycholog ist
Group worker Minister, priest, rabbi, chaplain, etc.
12 INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY VERSION 3.0

Potential careers with a bachelor's degree in Careers that require a degree beyond the bachelor's
psychology degree in psychology
Health care facility administrator Multicultural counselor
High school teacher Music therapist
Host/hostess Navy cl inical psychologist
Human resources advisor Neurologist
Information specialist Neuropathologist
Job analyst Neuropsychologist
Labor relations manager Neurosurgeon
Loan officer Nurse
Management analyst Occupational t herapist
Market research analyst Optometrist
Mental health social worker Pediatrician
Neu ropsycholog ist Penolog ist
News writer Personnel psycholog ist
Occupational analyst Pharmacologist
Patient resources and reimbursement agent Physiatrist
Personnel recruiter Physical therapist
Police officer Physician
Polygraph examiner Primary therapist
Preschool teacher Psychiatric social worker
Probation/parole officer Psychiat rist
Psych iatric aide/attendant Psychological anthropolog ist
Psychiatric techn ician Psychometrician
Psychological stress evaluator Psychotherapist
Public health director Rehabilitation psychologist
Public health socia l worker School psychologist
Public relations representative School social worker
Purchasing agent Social psycholog ist
Real estate agent Speech pathologist
Recreation leader Sports psychologist
Recreation supervisor Therapist for the blind
Recreational therapist Veterinarian
Research assistant Vocational rehabi litation counselor
Retail salesperson
Sales clerk
Social group worker
Social services aide
Substance abuse counselor
Systems analyst
Teacher for the emotiona lly impaired
Teacher for the hearing impaired
Teacher for t he learning disabled
Teacher for t he mentally impaired
Teacher for t he visually impaired
Techn ical writer
Veterans contact representative
Veterans counselor
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Worstead, Norfolk, d. 1841). b. St. Mary-in-the-Marsh, Norwich
6 Nov. 1814; ed. at Ball. coll. Ox. 1832; a demy of Magd. coll.
1832–47, fellow 1847–53; B.A. 1836, M.A. 1838, B.D. 1847;
tutor of Merton coll. 1845–9; V.P. of Magd. college 1852,
fellow, tutor and mathematical lecturer and prælector of
theology there 1852–6; R. of East Ilsley, Berks. 1865 to death;
author of Notes on the first essay in Essays and Reviews 1850;
The sorrows of the Cross 1880, 2 ed. 1881; ed. of Codex A. B.
D. Z. et Sinaiticus. Nov. Test. Græce. 3 vols. 1864. d. East
Ilsley 8 May 1884.
HANSLER, Sir John Jacob (1 son of John Jacob Hansler,
Landaman of canton Zurich). b. St. Martin’s in the Fields,
London 1788; knighted at St. James’s palace 19 July 1837
being the first knight created by Victoria; F.R.S. Jany. 1838;
F.S.A.; D.L. for Essex. d. 3 H. The Albany, Piccadilly, London 28
April 1867. Dodd’s Peerage (1841) 167.
HANSOM, Joseph Aloysius (son of Henry Hansom of York, builder,
who d. 16 Feb. 1854 aged 75). b. York 26 Oct. 1803; architect
with Edward Welch at Halifax 1828, they became bankrupt 25
April 1834; managed the bank, coal mines and estates of
Dempster Hemming of Caldecote hall, Warws.; registered a
patent safety cab 23 Dec. 1834, sold his rights in it for £10,000
but money never paid, the principal of safety consisted in the
suspended or cranked axle, the back seat for the driver was
not in the original patent; founded The Builder newspaper, No.
1 published 31 Dec. 1842; architect at Preston 1847–54, at
Edinburgh, at Clifton, at Ramsgate, in London 1862–79; built
the spire of St. Walburge’s church, Preston 306 feet high, the
loftiest in England since the Reformation; designed church at
Arundel for Duke of Norfolk. d. 399 Fulham road, London 29
 June 1882. Gillow’s English Catholics, iii, 115–20 (1888); I.L.N.
lxxxi, 56 (1882), portrait.
HANSON, Alfred (eld. son of Joshua Flesher Hanson of Backwell,
Somerset). b. 29 June 1816; barrister M.T. 27 Jany. 1843;
junior counsel to comrs. of customs, &c. 1853–65; revising
barrister for London 1861–64; comptroller of legacy and
succession duties at Somerset House, July 1865 to death;
author of The Succession duty act, with decisions and notes
1865; The acts relating to probate legacy and succession
duties, By A. H. 1870, 3 ed. 1876; The Revenue acts of 1880
and 1881 and Death duties 1883. d. 1 Upper Westbourne
terrace, London 6 Jany. 1886.
HANSON, Sir Richard Davies. b. London 6 Dec. 1805; solicitor 3
Philpot lane, London 1828; editor of the Globe and a writer for
the Morning Chronicle 1828; asst. comr. in enquiry on crown
lands Canada 1838; crown prosecutor Wellington, N.Z. 1840–
6; advocate general South Australia 1851; attorney general
1856–57; attorney general and leader of government 1857–60;
chief justice of supreme court Nov. 1861 to death; knighted at
Windsor Castle 9 July 1869; acting governor of S. Australia
1872–3; first chancellor of Adelaide univ. 1874; author of The
Jesus of history 1869; Letters to and from Rome, By V. S. C.
1873; The apostle Paul and the preaching of Christianity 1875.
d. Australia 4 March 1876. I.L.N. lv, 117 (1869), portrait.
HANSON, Louisa. Widow of James Hanson, captain R.N. who was
lost in the Brazen sloop of war off Newhaven, April 1800 when
all on board were lost except one man. d. Marl house, Bexley,
Kent 2 July 1884 aged 103. 47 Rep. Registrar General (1886)
p. lxxxi.
HANSON, Samuel (son of an orange merchant). b. 47 Botolph
lane, Eastcheap, London, Sep. 1804; the leading dealer in the
green and dried fruit trade from about 1833, retired 1871, the
firm commenced business in 1747; a founder of Commercial
 Union Association 1862. d. Zurich, Switzerland 11 Feb. 1882.
bur. Zurich. City Press 18 Feb. 1882 p. 4.
HANWELL, Joseph. b. about 1790; 2 lieut. R.A. 23 May 1806,
captain 5 June 1835 to 10 April 1845 when he retired on full
pay; L.G. 24 Aug. 1866. d. Belleville, Ontario, Canada 5 July
1873.
HARCOURT, Charles, stage name of Charles Parker Hillier. b. June
1838; made his first public appearance at St. James’ theatre,
London 30 March 1863 as Robert Audley in Lady Audley’s
Secret; lessee of Marylebone theatre 1871–2; played at most
of the London theatres, one of best exponents of character of
Mercutio; sec. of National dramatic academy Jany. 1880 to
death; played Bashford in The World at Drury lane from 31
July 1880; while rehearsing at Haymarket theatre fell into the
scene dock 18 Oct. 1880. d. Charing Cross hospital 27 Oct.
1880. Graphic 6 Nov. 1880 pp. 437, 438, portrait; Illust. sp.
and dr. news 6 Nov. 1880 p. 173, portrait; W. H. Rideing’s
Dramatic Notes (1881) p. 37.
HARCOURT, Egerton Venables Vernon (youngest son of Most Rev.
Edward Vernon Harcourt 1757–1814, archbishop of York). b.
Rose castle, Cumberland 7 June 1803; ed. at Ch. Ch. Ox.,
student 1821–34; B.A. 1825, M.A. 1828; barrister I.T. 25 June
1830; principal registrar of province of York 1842 to death;
registrar of diocese of York 1842 to death; gave sum of £9,000
to archbishop of York to form a fund for augmentation of poor
livings in Yorkshire, distributed Feb. 1891. d. Whitwell hall,
Yorkshire 19 Oct. 1883. Proc. of Royal Geog. Soc. v, 663
(1883).
HARCOURT, Francis Vernon (10 child of Most Rev. E. V. Harcourt).
b. Rose castle, Cumberland 7 Jany. 1801; ensign 1 foot guards
7 Sep. 1820, captain 1834 to 7 Aug. 1840 when placed on
h.p.; col. in the army 9 Nov. 1846; M.P. for Isle of Wight 1852–
57; sheriff of Sussex 1867; author of Hints to young officers on
 military law and courts martial 1833. d. Buxted park near
Uckfield, Sussex 23 April 1880.
HARCOURT, Frederick Edward Vernon (5 son of Most Rev. E. V.
Harcourt). b. May 1790; entered navy 13 Feb. 1803, captain 7
June 1814, retired admiral 20 May 1862; author of The
Protestant missionary’s catechism 1853; wrote Tracts for
British Soc. for promoting principles of Reformation 1843 etc.
d. 47 Cadogan place, London 30 April 1883.
HARCOURT, George Simon (1 son of John Simon Harcourt, M.P.
Westbury). b. 5 Feb. 1807; ed. at Eton; matric. at Ch. Ch. Ox.
1825; sheriff of Bucks. 1834; M.P. for Bucks. 1837–41. d. 35
St. George’s sq. Belgravia, London 24 Oct. 1871.
HARCOURT, George Granville Venables (1 son of Most Rev. E. V.
Harcourt). b. Sudbury 6 Aug. 1785; ed. at Westminster and
Ch. Ch. Ox., student 1803–14; B.A. 1808, M.A. 1810; barrister
L.I. 13 May 1817; M.P. for Lichfield 1806–30; M.P. for
Oxfordshire 1831 to death; chancellor and commissary of
diocese of York 1818 to death. d. Strawberry hill, Twickenham
19 Dec. 1861. bur. in family vault at Stanton Harcourt 27 Dec.
Law Times xxxvii, 122, 154 (1861).
Note.—By royal license dated 15 January 1831 the Archbishop of York and his
issue took name of Harcourt, but in April 1840 G. G. Harcourt sent a letter to
the Times stating that his name was G. H. Vernon.
HARCOURT, Granville (6 son of Most Rev. E. V. Harcourt). b.
Rose castle, Cumberland 26 July 1792; ed. at Ch. Ch. Ox.,
student 1812–14; B.A. 1814, M.A. 1816; barrister L.I. 13 May
1817; M.P. for Aldborough, Yorkshire 1815–20; contested
Retford 1830; M.P. for Retford 1831–47; chancellor of province
of York to death. d. Grove hall, Retford 8 Dec. 1879.
HARCOURT, Rev. Leveson Venables Vernon (2 son of Most Rev. E. V.
Harcourt). b. Sudbury 1788; ed. at Ch. Ch. Ox., student 1806–
13; B.A. 1810, M.A. 1813; R. of Beckenham, Kent 1835–51;
chancellor of York cath. 30 May 1827 to death; author of The
Doctrine of the deluge 2 vols. 1838; A remonstrance to the
 bishop of Exeter on his letter to Archbishop of Canterbury
1850; Lectures on the four gospels 3 vols. 1851; On connexion
of chemistry with agriculture 1855. d. 29 Portland place,
London 26 July 1860.
HARCOURT, Octavius Henry Cyril Vernon (8 son of Most Rev. E. V.
Harcourt). b. Rose castle, Cumberland 25 Dec. 1793; entered
R.N. Aug. 1806; served in Egypt 1807, on coast of Spain 1809,
in West Indies 1824–7; captain 7 Aug. 1827; surveyed coast of
Central America and California 1834–6; V.A. on h.p. 4 June
1861; sheriff of Yorkshire 1848; built and endowed Healey ch.
Yorkshire 1849. d. Swinton park, Yorkshire 14 Aug. 1863.
Leeds Mercury 17 Aug. 1863 p. 3.
HARCOURT, Rev. William Venables Vernon (4 son of Most Rev. E. V.
Harcourt). b. Sudbury, June 1789; served in R.N. on West
India station 5 years; ed. at Ch. Ch. Ox., student 1807–15;
B.A. 1811, M.A. 1814; V. of Bishopsthorpe, Yorks. 1814–24; R.
of Etton, Yorks. 1816; R. of Nunburnholme, Yorks. 1816–8;
preb. of North Newbald, York 6 Aug. 1821 to death; R. of
Whildrake 1824–33; R. of Bolton Percy 1837–65; president
Yorkshire Philos. soc. 1822; F.G.S. 1823; F.R.S. 1824; founder
and general sec. of British Assoc. 1831, president 1839;
founder of Yorkshire sch. for the blind and Castle Howard
reformatory; studied the action of heat on inorganic bodies;
author of Symmetrical psalmody or portions of psalms
translated into metrical stanzas 1855; What is truth? A poetical
dialogue 1869; Sermons 1873. d. Nuneham near Oxford 1 April
1871. Quarterly Journal of geol. soc. xxviii, 40 (1872).
HARDEN, John William (youngest son of John Harden of Brathay
hall, Westmoreland, d. 1847). b. 11 Dec. 1809; ed. at gr. sch.
Manchester and Univ. of Edin.; barrister I.T. 20 Nov. 1835;
comr. of bankruptcy in Cheshire and North Wales; a revising
barrister on northern circuit 1841; judge of county courts,
circuit No. 7 (Lancashire) 1847 to death; author of Scripture
proofs on leading doctrines of the Gospel, By J. W. H. 1873;
 Questions on the leading doctrines of the Gospel 1873. d.
Bournemouth 16 April 1875.
HARDIMAN, James. b. Westport, co. Mayo Feb. 1782; admitted
solicitor 1814; sub-commissioner of the Irish records 1830;
member of R. Irish Academy and of Iberno-Celtic soc.;
librarian to Queen’s college, Galway 1849 to death; published
The history of the town and county of Galway 1820; Irish
minstrelsy, or bardic remains of Ireland 2 vols. 1831; edited R.
O’Flaherty’s West Connaught 1846. d. Galway 13 Nov. 1855.
HARDING, Anne Raikes. b. 1780; author of Correction: a novel 3
vols. 1818; Decision: a tale 3 vols. 1819; The Refugees: an
Irish tale 3 vols. 1822; Realities 4 vols. 1825; Dissipation: a
novel 4 vols. 1827; Experience: a tale for all ages 4 vols. 1828;
An epitome of universal history 1848; Sketches of the
Highlands 18—and other works all published anonymously;
contributed to reviews and periodicals. (m. Thomas Harding of
Bristol, merchant). d. at residence of her son in law Rev.
William Kynaston Groves, Boulogne 27 April 1858. G.M. June
1858 p. 684.
HARDING, Francis. b. 28 April 1799; entered navy 24 Jany. 1812,
captain 23 Nov. 1841, retired V.A. 24 May 1867; served in
Griper discovery ship 1824 in attempt to reach Repulse Bay. d.
Cheltenham 2 Jany. 1875.
HARDING, Francis Pym. Ensign 22 foot 16 March 1838, lieut.-col.
25 Sep. 1857 to 5 Dec. 1871 when placed on h.p.;
commandant of Balaklava, Jany. 1855 to July 1856; M.G. 6
March 1868; C.B. 2 Jany. 1857. d. the Grove, Lymington,
Hants. 25 Feb. 1875.
HARDING, Sir George Judd. Second lieut. R.E. 1 Oct. 1802;
served in Sicily, Spain and with the Prussian army 1812–18;
colonel commandant R.E. 10 May 1859 to death; L.G. 23 Nov.
1858; C.B. 19 July 1838, K.C.B. 18 May 1860; governor of
 Guernsey 22 Nov. 1855 to 1 April 1859. d. Belmont lodge,
Guernsey 5 July 1860 aged 72.
HARDING, George Perfect (son of Silvester Harding 1745–1809,
artist and publisher). Miniature painter, exhibited 20 pictures at
R.A. and 2 at Suffolk st. 1802–40; made water colour copies of
ancient historical portraits; a founder of the Granger soc. 1840,
which collapsed in 1843; F.S.A. 1839–47; fell into pecuniary
difficulties and sold his collections of drawings; published
Eighteen portraits of deans of Westminster 1822–3; Ancient
paintings and brasses in the Abbey, Westminster 1825;
Description of an account of the Princes of Wales 1828. d.
Hercules buildings, Lambeth 23 Dec. 1853. G.M. May 1854 pp.
548–49.
HARDING, James Duffield. b. Deptford 1798; exhibited 39
landscapes at R.A., 8 at B.I. and 17 at Suffolk st. 1811–58;
Assoc. of Soc. of painters in water-colours 1820, member
1821; a successful teacher; made lithographic drawings for his
Sketches at home and abroad 1836, published 1839; Louis
Philippe sent him a service of Sevres china; invented papers of
various tints and textures 1830 which were known as Harding’s
papers; invented lithotint 1841; author of Lessons on art 1849,
8 ed. 1867; The principles and practice of art 1845, another
ed. 1876, and 8 other books; furnished the illustrations to 20
works. d. 15 Lonsdale terrace, Barnes, Surrey 4 Dec. 1863. Art
Journal 1850 p. 181, portrait, 1856 p. 270, 1864 p. 89;
Encyclop. Brit. 9 ed. xi, 473, xiv, 701; I.L.N. xliii, 656, 657
(1863), portrait.
HARDING, Right Rev. John (3 son of Wm. Harding, chief clerk
transport office). b. Queen sq. Bloomsbury, London 7 Jany.
1805; ed. at Westminster and Worcester coll. Ox., B.A. 1826,
M.A. 1829, D.D. 1851; R. of St. Andrew-by-the-Wardrobe and
St. Anne’s, Blackfriars, London 1836–51; sec. of Pastoral aid
soc.; bishop of Bombay 31 July 1851, consecrated at Lambeth
10 Aug., resigned April 1868; author of Texts and thoughts for
 christian ministers 1874 and charges and single sermons. d. St.
Helens lodge, Ore near Hastings 18 June 1874. I.L.N. lxiv, 619
(1874).
HARDING, Sir John Dorney (eld. son of Rev. John Harding, R. of
Coyty and Coychurch, Glamorganshire). b. Rockfield,
Monmouthshire 1809; ed. at Charterhouse and at Oriel coll.
Ox., B.A. 1830, M.A. 1833, D.C.L. 1837; student L.I. 1829,
student I.T. 1833, barrister I.T. 20 Nov. 1835; advocate in
Doctors’ Commons 2 Nov. 1837; advocate general 5 March
1852–62 when he retired; knighted at St. James’s palace 24
March 1852; bencher of his inn 1852, reader 1867; Q.C. Jany.
1858; author of An essay on the influence of Welsh tradition
upon European literature, By Sir J. D. H. 1840. d. Sandywell
asylum, Dowdeswell near Cheltenham 23 Nov. 1868. Mozley’s
Reminiscences, ii, 136–41 (1882).
HARDING, Rev. Thomas (4 son of William Harding of St.
Margaret’s, Westminster). b. 1806; ed. at Worcester coll. Ox.,
B.A. 1826, M.A. 1829; chaplain Bethlehem hospital 1831–3; V.
of Bexley, Kent 9 Oct. 1833 to death; editor of H. Bullinger’s
Five decades of Godlie sermons, Parker Soc. 4 vols. 1849–52;
author of Justification by faith through the propitiation of Christ
a safeguard for the times. Three sermons 1868, and 17 single
sermons. d. Bexley 12 Nov. 1874.
HARDING, William (3 son of Robert Harding of Upcott, Devon, d.
1804). b. 16 Aug. 1792; ensign 5 foot 11 July 1811, lieut. 1813
to 25 March 1817 when placed on h.p.; served in Peninsula
1812 to end of the war; major on h.p. 14 Nov. 1826; F.G.S.;
author of History of Tiverton 2 vols. 1845–7. d. Barnstaple 15
Jany. 1886.
HARDING, Wyndham (brother of Sir J. D. Harding 1809–68). b. 9
Aug. 1818; ed. at Rugby; worked on Manchester and Leeds
railway 1836–38; sec. to Glasgow, Greenock and Paisley
railway 1839, acting general manager to 1844; general
superintendent of Bristol and Gloucester railway 1844–45; sec.
 to London and South Western railway Sep. 1848 to Oct. 1852;
A.I.C.E. March 1846, member of council; F.R.S.; freighted at
his own expense the first Australian emigrant ship which sailed
from Southampton under superintendence of Mrs. Chisholm
184-; author of Railways. The gauge question 1845, 4 ed.
1846; Alphabet of Colour 1853. d. near Cheltenham 15 April
1885. Min. of proc. of Instit. of C.E. xv, 97–100 (1856).
HARDINGE, Henry Hardinge, 1 Viscount (3 son of Rev. Henry
Hardinge 1754–1820, R. of Stanhope, Durham). b. Wrotham,
Kent 30 March 1785; ensign Queen’s Rangers, Upper Canada
1798; deputy quartermaster general in Portuguese army during
Peninsular war 1809–14; lieut. col. 40 foot 12 April 1814;
captain 1 foot guards 1814–27 when placed on h.p.; served
campaign of 1815 with Prussian army as brigadier general;
severely wounded at Ligny 16 June 1815, left hand amputated;
M.P. for Durham 1820–30, for St. Germans 1830–31, for
Newport, Cornwall 1831–32, for Launceston 1832–44; clerk of
the ordnance 1823–27 and Jany. to May 1828; sec. of war
1828–30 and 1841–44; P.C. 30 May 1828; second to Duke of
Wellington in his duel with the Earl of Winchelsea 21 March
1829; sec. of Ireland 30 July to 26 Nov. 1830 and 17 Dec.
1834 to 22 April 1835; col. of 97 foot 4 March 1833, of 57 foot
31 May 1843 to death; governor general of India 6 May 1844
to 12 Jany. 1848; present at battles of Moodkee, Ferozeshah
and Sobraon; K.C.B. 5 Jany. 1815, G.C.B. 1 July 1844; created
Viscount Hardinge of Lahore and King’s Newton, co. Derby 2
May 1846; granted pension of £5000 per annum by H.E.I. Co.
1846; master general of the Ordnance 5 March 1852;
commander in chief 23 Sep. 1852 to 15 July 1856; general 20
June 1854, field marshal 2 Oct. 1855. d. South park near
Tunbridge Wells 24 Sep. 1856, 2 portraits of him by Sir Francis
Grant in National portrait gallery. Portraits of eminent
conservatives and statesmen 1 series (1836), portrait; T.
Collins’s Portraits and memoirs of eminent naval and military
personages (1847) No. 1, portrait; W. C. Taylor’s National
 portrait gallery, iii, 130 (1847), portrait; J. J. Briggs’s History of
Melbourne in the county of Derby, 2 ed. (1852) 148–57,
portrait.
HARDINGE, Rev. Sir Charles, 2 Baronet (son of Rev. Henry
Hardinge of Hampton, Middlesex). b. 22 March 1780; ed. at
Univ. coll. Ox., B.A. 1801, M.A. 1804; R. of Crowhurst, Sussex
1804 to death; V. of Tunbridge, Kent 1809 to death; succeeded
his uncle 5 Nov. 1826; author of Plain discourses 1821; A
practical exposition of the election of grace 1847; Baptismal
regeneration 1850. d. Boundes Park, Tunbridge Wells 3 Feb.
1864.
HARDINGE, Richard. b. 14 April 1790; 2 lieut. R.A. 23 May 1806,
col. 1854 to 26 Oct. 1858; M.G. 26 Oct. 1858; K.H. 1825. d. 32
Hyde park sq. London 20 July 1864.
HARDMAN, Edward Townley. b. Drogheda 6 April 1845; ed. at R.
coll. of science, Dublin; on staff of geological survey, Ireland
1870 and 1885; F.R.G.S. Ireland; F. Chem. soc.; went to
Kimberley district, West Australia and reported on the mineral
resources and the gold fields 1883–5, a range of mountains in
West Australia named after him; wrote many papers in Journal
Geol. Soc. of Ireland and Proc. of Irish Acad. from 1871
onward. d. Wicklow 30 April 1887. Geological Mag. (1887) p.
334.
HARDMAN, Frederick (son of Joseph Hardman, merchant). b.
London 1814; lieut. in British legion in Spain 1834; Times
foreign correspondent in Spain, Turkey, Russia, Italy and
France 1850 to death; a regular contributor to Blackwood’s
Mag. from 1840; author of The student of Salamanca 1847,
anon.; The Spanish campaign in Morocco 1860. d. Paris 6 Nov.
1874. Times 13 Nov. 1874 p. 6, 28 Nov. p. 10; Graphic, x, 512
(1874), portrait.
HARDMAN, John (son of John Hardman of Birmingham, metal
button maker). b. Birmingham 7 Aug. 1811; partner with his
 father; founded ecclesiastical metal works at Birmingham
1838, added stained-glass works 1845, in which business he
enjoyed a practical monopoly; founded in St. Chad’s R.C.
cathedral, Birmingham a choir for performance of the
Gregorian chant which he superintended personally 18 years
and endowed with sum of £1000. d. Pemberton villa, Clifton 29
May 1867. bur. in crypt of St. Chad’s cathedral.
HARDMAN, Juliana (sister of the preceding). b. 26 April 1813; ed.
at Benedictine convent of Caverswall, Staffs.; made her
religious profession 19 Aug. 1841 assuming the name of Mary;
superioress of convent of Our Lady of Mercy at Handsworth
near Birmingham (founded by her father) 6 Sep. 1841 to 1876
during which time 59 sisters were professed there; founded a
convent of her institute at Nottingham 1844; built church of St.
Mary’s, Brougham st. Birmingham 1847. d. at the convent,
Handsworth 24 March 1884.
HARDMAN, Sir William (only son of William Bridge Hardman of
Chamber hall, Bury, Lancs.) b. Bury 13 Aug. 1828; ed. Trin.
coll. Cam., B.A. 1851, M.A. 1854; barrister I.T. 30 April 1852;
recorder of Kingston-on-Thames, June 1875 to death;
inspector of Woking convict prison; chairman Surrey sessions
second court 1871–2, first court 1877 to death; contested East
Surrey 1868; a founder of the Primrose league 1882, chairman
of the grand council; knighted at Osborne 29 Dec. 1885;
alderman of Surrey county council; editor of Morning Post
1872 to death. d. St. Leonards on Sea 12 Sep. 1890. bur.
Kingston cemetery 16 Sep. I.L.N. 20 Sep. 1890 p. 374,
portrait; Pictorial World 25 Sep. 1890 p. 396, portrait; Sell’s
World’s Press 1891 p. 85, portrait.
HARDWICK, Ven. Charles. b. Slingsby near Malton, Yorkshire 22
Sep. 1821; ed. at St. Cath. hall, Cam., B.A. 1844, M.A. 1847,
B.D. 1859; Skrine fellow of his college 1845; Whitehall
preacher 1851; prof. of divinity Queen’s coll. Birmingham,
March-Sep. 1853; divinity lecturer at King’s coll. Cam. 1855 to
 death; Christian advocate in univ. of Cam. 1855 to death;
mem. of council of senate 1856 to death; archdeacon of Ely
1859; author of A history of the Articles of religion, By C. H.
1851, 3 ed. 1876; History of Christian church, Middle Age
1853, 3 ed. 1872; Twenty sermons 1853; Christ and other
masters, an inquiry into the contrast between Christianity and
religious systems of ancient world 4 parts 1855–9; edited
works for Percy Soc. and for the University press; killed by
falling over a precipice near the Port de Venasque in the
Pyrenees 18 Aug. 1859. bur. Luchon cemetery 21 Aug. Christ
and other masters, 2 ed. 1863, with memoir; G.M. vii, 419–21
(1859).
HARDWICK, Charles (son of an innkeeper, d. 1835). b. Preston
10 Sep. 1817; apprentice to a printer 1831; portrait painter
Preston; member Pleasant Retreat lodge, Preston 1841, sec.
1845, chairman; grand master Manchester Unity of Odd-
Fellows 1857–8; founder and V.P. of Manchester literary club;
author of History of the borough of Preston 1857; The history
of Friendly societies 1859, 2 ed. 1869; Traditions, superstitions
and folk-lore 1872; On some battlefields in Lancashire 1882;
editor of Country Words, a North of England Mag. 1866–7. d.
Manchester 8 July 1889. Quarterly Mag. of Odd-Fellows, i,
321–6 (1858), portrait; Academy 20 July 1889 p. 39.
HARDWICK, John (1 son of Thomas Hardwick 1752–1829,
architect). b. 3 Dec. 1791; ed. at Ball. coll. Ox., fellow 1808–
22; B.C.L. 1815, D.C.L. 1830; barrister L.I. 28 June 1816;
stipendiary magistrate at Lambeth 1821, at High st.
Marylebone 1840–1, at Great Marlborough st. 1841, retired
March 1856; F.R.S. 5 April 1838. d. 101 Lansdowne place,
Brighton 31 May 1875. Law Times 12 June 1875 p. 127; I.L.N.
9 Oct. 1847 p. 236, portrait.
HARDWICK, Philip (brother of the preceding). b. 9 Rathbone
place, London 15 June 1792; ed. at Royal academy sch.;
exhibited 23 drawings at R.A. 1807–44; architect London 1819
 some of his chief works were the St. Katharine’s dock house
1827–8, the Goldsmiths’ Co. hall 1829–35, Babraham house,
Cambs. 1832, Euston station and hotel London 1834–9,
Lincoln’s inn hall and library 1842–5; F.S.A. 1824, member of
council 1842; M.I.C.E. 13 April 1824; F.R.S. 8 Dec. 1831;
M.I.B.A. 1834, V.P. 1839 and 1841; F.G.S. 1837; A.R.A. 1840,
R.A. 1841; published Drawings of the hall and library, Lincoln’s
inn, with text 1842. d. at his son’s residence, Westcombe
lodge, Wimbledon common, Surrey 28 Dec. 1870. Sandby’s
History of royal academy, ii, 202 (1862).
HARDWICKE, Charles Philip Yorke, 4 Earl of (eld. child of Admiral
Sir Joseph Sydney Yorke, K.C.B. 1768–1831). b. Sydney lodge,
Southampton 2 April 1799; ed. at Harrow; midshipman R.N. 15
May 1815, captain 6 June 1825, admiral on h.p. 3 Dec. 1863;
M.P. for Reigate 1831–32, for Cambs. 1832 to 18 Nov. 1834
when he succeeded his uncle as 4 Earl; lord lieut. of Cambs.
31 Dec. 1834 to death; LLD. Cam. 1835, D.C.L. Ox. 1853; P.C.
27 Feb. 1852; postmaster general 1 March to 28 Dec. 1852;
lord keeper of the privy seal 26 Feb. 1858 to 18 June 1859. d.
Sydney lodge, Southampton 17 Sep. 1873. J. Grant’s Portraits
of public characters, i, 30–38 (1841); Waagen’s Galleries of art
(1857) 518–23; I.L.N. ii, 57 (1843), portrait.
HARDWICKE, Robert. b. Dyke near Bourn, Lincs., Sep. 1823;
printer with Bateman near Lincoln’s Inn Fields, London, at 26
Duke st. Piccadilly to 1856; publisher at 192 Piccadilly 1856 to
death; one of founders of Quekett microscopical club 1865;
F.L.S.; published Hardwicke’s Science Gossip 1865 to death,
and other periodicals. d. 192 Piccadilly, London 8 March 1875.
Publishers’ Circular (1875) p. 202.
HARDWICKE, William. b. Bourne, Lincs. about 1817; ed. at Univ.
coll. London and Paris; L.S.A. 1838, M.R.C.S. 1839; M.D. Univ.
of Jena 1857; surgeon to St. Pancras royal general dispensary;
deputy coroner for central Middlesex, May 1863, coroner 19
Nov. 1874 to death; medical officer of health for Paddington;
 author of Life and health assurance for the working classes
1864; On the advantages of baths and wash-houses 1874. d.
Richmond villa, St. Mary’s terrace, Paddington 15 April 1881.
bur. Hendon ch. yard 20 April.
HARDY, Benjamin (3 son of Samuel Hardy of Islington, London).
b. 1808; barrister G.I. 23 Nov. 1836; Q.C. 13 Dec. 1866;
bencher of Lincoln’s Inn 1867. d. 8 Upper Avenue road, St.
John’s Wood, London 30 July 1876.
HARDY, Miss Elizabeth. b. Ireland 1794; author of Michael
Cassidy, or the cottage gardener. Thames Ditton, 1845; Owen
Glendower, or the Prince in Wales: an historical romance 2
vols. 1849; The confessor: a jesuit tale of the times 1854, all
anonymous; imprisoned for a small debt 1852 and d. Queen’s
bench prison, London 9 May 1854 aged 60. G.M. June 1854 p.
670.
HARDY, John (eld. son of John Hardy of Horton, parish of
Bradford, Yorkshire, who d. 3 June 1806). b. 1773 or 1774;
barrister M.T. 7 June 1799, admitted ad eundem at I.T. 1803,
bencher 1840, reader 1850; chief steward of honour of
Pontefract 1806–33; recorder of Leeds 1806–33; M.P. for
Bradford 1832–37 and 1841–47; gave sum of £6000 for
erection of churches at Bradford 1848. d. Dunstall hall, Staffs.
29 Sep. 1855.
HARDY, Sir John, 1 Baronet (eld. son of the preceding). b. 23
Feb. 1809; ed. at Oriel coll. Ox., B.A. 1831, M.A. 1834; M.P. for
Midhurst 1859, for Dartmouth 1860, for South Warwickshire
1868–74; created baronet 23 Feb. 1876. d. 22 South st. Park
lane, London 9 July 1888.
HARDY, Rev. John Frederic. b. 1826; ed. Trin. coll. Cam., B.A.
1848, M.A. 1851, B.D. 1858; Fishmonger fellow of Sidney
Sussex coll. 1855 to death; private tutor at Cam.; proctor 1854
and 1875; author of Ascent of the Finster Aar Horn, in Peaks,
Passes and Glaciers, Alpine Club 1860 pp. 198–215; Ascent of
 Ætna, ib. 1860 pp. 280–89; The Col du Sonadon from the top
of the Col to Chermontane. ib. 1862 i, 252–8; A visit to the
Jökul’s Glacier. ib. 1862 ii, 429–41. d. Sidney Sussex coll. 27
March 1888.
HARDY, John Richard (3 son of Rev. Robert Hardy, V. of
Walberton, Sussex). b. 1807; ed. at Peterhouse, Cam., B.A.
1829; emigrated to New South Wales 1833; edited the
Australian newspaper at Sydney; police magistrate of Yass, of
Paramatta 1850; chief commissioner of the gold district,
Bathurst 1851. (m. 1835 dau. of Sir Alfred Stephen, chief
justice N.S.W.); probably dead. I.L.N. xxi, 9, 125 (1852).
HARDY, Peter (brother of Sir Thomas Duffus Hardy 1804–78). b.
17 Dec. 1813; actuary Mutual Assurance office 1837 and
London Assurance office 1850; F.R.S. 1839; a founder of the
Institute of actuaries 1848; had a large library; author of The
doctrine of simple and compound interest, annuities and
reversions 1839; A new and general notation for life
contingencies 1840. d. Guilford st. London 23 April 1863. Proc.
of Royal soc. xiii, p. v (1864).
HARDY, Rev. Robert Spence. b. Preston 1 July 1803; a printer at
York 1819; Wesleyan missionary in Ceylon 1825–30, 1835–47,
1862–5; minister at Leeds 1865 to death; hon. mem. of R.A.S.
2 Feb. 1856; author of On the connexion of the British
government with the idolatry of Ceylon 1834; Notices of the
Holy Land 1835; Eastern monachism, an account of the laws of
the order of the Mendicants 1850; A manual of Budhism 1853.
d. Headingley near Leeds 16 April 1868. Minutes of Conference
(1868) 25–7.
HARDY, Robert William Hale. Entered navy 1806; at capture of
island of Java 1811, at siege of New Orleans 1815; lieut. 20
Feb. 1815 after which he did not go afloat; commander 21 Oct.
1861; F.R.A.S. 1849; author of Travels in the interior of Mexico
1829; Incidental remarks on properties of light 1856; Deity as
creator, sustainer and user. Prepared in fulfilment of the
 purpose of R. W. H. Hardy 1874. d. Kilkenny house, Bath 30
July 1871 aged 77. Monthly Notices R.A.S. xxxii, 122 (1872).
HARDY, Samuel Little. b. 1815; L. and L.M.R.C.S. Ireland 1839
and fellow 1844; M.D. Glasgow 1840; licentiate K.Q.C.P. and
L.M. 1852, fellow 1868; M.R.I.A. 1858; physician Pitt st. Instit.
for diseases of children, Dublin; physician accoucheur
Steevens’ hospital; president Obstetrical soc. 1867; one of the
first to recommend chloroform as a local anæsthetic; had a
large obstetrical practice; author with A. H. Mac Clintock of
Practical observations on midwifery 1848; contributed to
Dublin medical journals 1845 &c. d. 9 Merrion sq. north, Dublin
29 Oct. 1868. Medical Times 7 Nov. 1868 p. 544.
HARDY, Sir Thomas Duffus (3 son of Thomas Bartholomew Price
Hardy, major R.A.) b. Port Royal, Jamaica 22 May 1804; junior
clerk in Public record office, Tower of London 1 Jany. 1819;
assistant keeper of public records 1840, deputy keeper 15 July
1861 to death; knighted at Windsor Castle 9 July 1869; did
much to render the records accessible to the public;
instrumental in appointment of Historical MSS. commission
1869; edited Description of the Close Rolls in the Tower 1833
and six other works for the old Record commission; A
descriptive catalogue of MSS. relating to the history of Great
Britain and Ireland 3 vols. 1862–71 and other works for the
Rolls series; author of A catalogue of the Lords Chancellors,
Keepers of the Great seal, &c. 1843; Life of Henry Lord
Langdale 1852. d. 126 Portsdown road, Maida vale, London 15
June 1878. Times 17 June 1878 p. 12 col. 6.
HARDY, Sir William (brother of the preceding). b. Jamaica 6 July
1807; clerk in Record office, Tower of London 1823; keeper of
records of duchy of Lancaster 1830–68; assistant keeper in
Record office, Fetter lane, London 1868 and deputy keeper 4
July 1878, resigned 27 Jany. 1886; reorganised the record
office and commenced the commission for the destruction of
valueless documents; F.S.A. 4 May 1837; placed on Historical
 MSS. commission 1878; knighted at Osborne 31 Dec. 1883;
compiled Charters of duchy of Lancaster 1845; translated A
collection of the chronicles by J. de Waurin 1858. d. Milton
cottage, 71 St. Germain’s road, Forest hill, London 17 March
1887. Proc. of Soc. of Antiq. xi, 369 (1887).
HARE, Sir John (2 son of John Hare of Firfield near Bristol, floor
cloth manufacturer). b. 1784; partner in his father’s business
to 1840 when he retired; owner of the Cambria which saved
the passengers and crew of Kent East Indiaman in the bay of
Biscay 1 March 1825; knighted at St. James’s palace 1 July
1840 on presenting address on queen’s marriage; resided
Brislington, Somerset. d. Hardelot castle près Tamar, Pas-de-
Calais, France 2 Feb. 1865.
HARE, John Middleton (son of Rev. Edward Hare, wesleyan
minister, d. 1818). Ed. at Woodhouse grove sch. near Leeds
1813; apprentice to James Nichols, printer, London, where he
also served as a reader and editor; edited Gem Annual in
succession to Tom Hood; sub-edited The Sphynx weekly paper
for J. S. Buckingham 4 vols. 1827–8; assist. commissioner on
popular education 1858; director of British Equitable life
assurance co.; author of An analysis and exposure of the
government scheme of education 1847; Familiar colloquies
between a father and his children 1862. Dead?
HARE, Ven. Julius Charles (3 son of Francis Hare-Naylor 1753–
1815). b. Valdagno near Vicenza 13 Sep. 1795; ed. at Bologna
1797–9 and Trin. coll. Cam., B.A. 1816, M.A. 1819; fell. of his
coll. 1818, classical lecturer 1822; R. of Hurstmonceaux,
Sussex 18 June 1832 to death; archdeacon of Lewes 10 April
1840 to death; preb. of Chichester, Jany. 1851 to death;
chaplain to the Queen 13 June 1853 to death; translated with
Connop Thirlwall Niebuhr’s History of Rome 2 vols. 1828–32;
author of The mission of the Comforter, and other sermons 2
vols. 1846, 3 ed. 1876 and other books; author with his
brother A. W. Hare of Guesses at Truth, By Two Brothers, 1st
 series 1827, 2nd series 1848, new ed. 1871. d. Hurstmonceaux
rectory 23 Jany. 1855. A. J. C. Hare’s Memorials of a quiet life
(1884) 2 vols.; Sussex archæological collection, iv, 125–208;
Quarterly Review, xcvii, 1–28 (1855); M. A. Lower’s Worthies
of Sussex (1865) 255–6; Guardian 8 March 1882 pp. 349–50.
HARE, Maria (dau. of Rev. Oswald Leycester, rector of Stoke-
upon-Terne, Salop). b. Toft near Knutsford 22 Nov. 1798; good
classical scholar; intimate acquaintance of Reginald Heber, bp.
of Calcutta. (m. 2 June 1829 Rev. Augustus William Hare,
rector of Alton Barnes d. Rome 18 Feb. 1834); author of A true
and sad story 1862; wrote a portion of and collected materials
for Memorials of a Quiet Life; lived in Hurstmonceaux parish
near her brother in law the Rev. Julius Charles Hare from 1834
for many years. d. Holmhurst 13 Nov. 1870. A. J. C. Hare’s
Memorials of a quiet life (1884) 2 vols., 2 portraits; C. Kegan
Paul’s Biographical Sketches (1883) 71–92.
HARE, Rev. Robert Henry (5 son of Rev. Edward Hare, d. 1818).
b. Mount Pleasant, Liverpool 3 March 1816; ed. at Woodhouse
grove sch. 1824; apprentice to Christopher and Dove, leather
factors, Darlington; Wesleyan Methodist minister at Hornsea
1838–40 and at 14 other places in north of England 1840–72.
d. Chapel house, the Square, Dunstable 11 Oct. 1873. J. M.
Hare’s Ministry of R. H. Hare (1874), portrait.
HARENC, Charles Joseph (2 son of Benjamin Harenc of Foots Cray,
Kent). Matric. from Ch. Ch. Ox. 8 Dec. 1829 aged 18, B.A.
1833; barrister I.T. 9 June 1837; played his first cricket match
at Lord’s 2 Aug. 1826; one of the best bowlers in England
1830–34; played as late as 1849. d. Costin st. Bedford 14 Dec.
1877. Lillywhite’s Cricket Scores, i, 547 (1862).
HAREWOOD, Henry Lascelles, 3 Earl of. b. 11 June 1797; ensign 1
foot guards 1814, sold out 1831; lieut. Yorkshire hussar
yeomanry 1820, major 1839–43; col. of West Yorkshire
hussars; M.P. for Northallerton, Yorkshire 1826–31; styled
Viscount Lascelles 1839–41; succeeded as 3 Earl 24 Nov. 1841;
 lord lieut. of West Riding, Yorkshire 21 Jany. 1846 to death. d.
Harewood house near Leeds 22 Feb. 1857 having fractured his
skull while following the Bramham Moor foxhounds 24 Jany.
Taylor’s Biographia Leodiensis (1865) 463–6.
HARFORD, John Scandrett (1 son of John Scandrett Harford of
Blaise castle, Gloucs., banker, d. 1815). b. Bristol 8 Oct. 1785;
ed. at Christ’s coll. Cam.; D.C.L. of Ox. univ. 1822; the hero of
Hannah More’s Cœlebs in search of a wife 1809; made a
collection of pictures at Blaise castle 1815–7; gave the site of
the castle of Lampeter for St. David’s coll. 1822 of which he
became visitor 1827; F.R.S. 29 May 1823; sheriff of Cardigan
1824; M.P. Cardigan 9 July 1841 to 18 April 1842; author of
The life of T. Burgess, bishop of Salisbury 1840; Life of Michael
Angelo Buonarotti 2 vols. 1857, 2 ed. 1858 and 8 other books.
d. Blaise castle 16 April 1866. Christian Observer, July 1866 pp.
489–98; Waagen’s Treasures of art, iii, 187–95 (1854).
HARFORD, Summers. b. 1795; M.P. for Lewes 30 June 1841,
unseated 21 March 1842; contested Brighton 5 May 1842;
sheriff of Monmouth 1841. d. Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire 2
June 1873.
HARGOOD, William. b. 22 June 1801; entered navy 19 June
1813, captain 10 Jany. 1837, admiral on h.p. 15 Jany. 1869. d.
North lodge, Worthing 8 July 1888.
HARGRAVE, John Fletcher (son of Mr. Hargrave of Greenwich,
ironmonger, d. 1851). b. Greenwich 28 Dec. 1815; ed. at King’s
coll. London and Trin. coll. Cam., B.A. 1837, M.A. 1840;
barrister L.I. 25 Jany. 1841; landed at Sydney, N.S.W. Feb.
1857, a district court judge 1 year, solicitor general Feb. to Oct.
1859, Nov. 1859 to April 1860, Aug. to Oct. 1863 and Feb. to
June 1865; M.P. for East Camden 1859, for Wollongong 1859;
attorney general 2 April 1860 to 31 July 1863; mem. of
legislative council Oct. 1859; a puisne judge of supreme court
1865; primary judge in equity; first judge of divorce court
1873–84; edited vol. i. of 21st ed. of Blackstone’s
 Commentaries 1843; many of his law lectures at Sydney Univ.
were printed; author of Treatise on the Thellusson act, 39 & 40
Geo. iii, c. 98, with practical observations upon trusts for
accumulation 1842. d. Rushcutters’ Bay N.S.W. 23 Feb. 1885.
HARGRAVE, William, b. Cork 1795; L.R.C.S. Ireland 1819, fellow
1825, president; M.B. Dublin univ. 1823; surgeon in sch. of
college of surgeons, president; surgeon city of Dublin hospital;
member of general medical council 10 May 1861, resigned 16
Feb. 1874; contributed to Dublin Medical Press and Dublin
Quarterly Journal; author of A system of operative surgery,
Dublin 1831. d. 56 Upper Mount st., Merrion sq. east, Dublin
24 Nov. 1874. Medical Times 5 Dec. 1874 p. 649.
HARGREAVE, Charles James. b. Wortley near Leeds, Dec. 1820;
ed. at Univ. coll. London; L.L.B. London; professor of
jurisprudence Univ. coll. 1843–9; barrister I.T. 7 June 1844,
bencher 1851, master of the library 1865 and reader 1866; a
commissioner of Incumbered estates court, Ireland 1849–58;
judge of Landed estate court 1858 to death; Q.C. 1852; F.R.S.
18 April 1844, gold medallist; LLD. of Dublin univ. 1852; author
of An essay on the resolution of algebraic equations, Dublin
1866; wrote many mathematical papers in Philos. Trans. and
other scientific periodicals. d. Bray near Dublin 23 April 1866.
Law Mag. and Law Rev., Aug. 1866 pp. 220–35.
HARGREAVES, Henry. b. Manchester, Oct. 1807; with Butterworth
and Brooks, calico printers, Manchester, and then a traveller
for the firm to 1841; backed Alice Hawthorne for the Chester
cup 1841, and commenced a racing career which lasted to
1870; won £40,000 on Ellington in Derby of 1856; purchased
John Massey Stanley’s stud 1856. d. 6 Cleveland sq. Bayswater,
London 3 July 1887. Baily’s Mag., Aug. 1887 pp. 60–62;
Sporting Review, xxxix, 298–9 (1858).
HARGROVE, William (youngest son of Ely Hargrove of
Knaresborough 1741–1818). b. Knaresborough 16 Oct. 1788;
bought the York Herald 1813, edited it 13 July 1813 to 1848;
 member of common council York 1818, sheriff 1831; first sec.
and treasurer Mechanics’ Institute, York 1827; collected Roman
and mediæval remains excavated in and near York, gave them
to Yorkshire Philos. Soc. about 1852; author of History and
description of the ancient city of York 2 vols., York 1818; The
York poetical miscellany 1835; author with J. Hargrove of A
new guide to the city of York 1842. d. St. Mary’s, Bootham,
York 24 Aug. 1862. Effective, Advertiser 1 May 1886 pp. 25–
31, portrait.
HARINGTON, Rev. Edward Charles (only son of Rev. Edward
Harington of the Isle of Man, d. 1811). b. Clifton 1804; ed. at
Worcester coll. Ox., B.A. 1828, M.A. 1833; V. of St. David’s,
Exeter 1832–47; preb. of Ex. cath. 1845, chancellor 15 July
1847 to July 1880, canon residentiary 1856 to July 1880, spent
£15,000 on repairing the cath.; a founder of Exeter diocesan
training college 1840 where he taught for many years; always
attended turning of first sod of every new railway in England;
author of Brief notes on the church of Scotland 1843; The
reconsecration and reconciliation of churches 1850 and 12
other books. d. The Close, Exeter 14 July 1881.
HARINGTON, Sir Henry Byng (eld. son of Henry Hawes Harington
of Madras). b. 1808; entered Bengal army 1824, transferred to
Bengal civil service 1828; additional member of council,
member of supreme council 13 June 1862; lieut. governor of
North Western provinces of India 1863 to 1865; K.C.S.I. 24
May 1866. d. 70 Oxford terrace, London 7 Oct. 1871.
HARINGTON, Rev. Richard (2 son of Sir John Edward Harington,
8 bart., of Ridlington, co. Rutland 1760–1831). b. 26 April
1800; ed. at Ch. Ch. Ox, B.A. 1821, M.A. 1824, B.D. and D.D.
1842; fellow of Brasenose coll. 1821–33, principal 1842 to
death; R. of Olde, Northamptonshire 1833–42. d. High st.
Oxford 13 Dec. 1853. bur. in Brasn. coll. chapel 20 Dec. G.M.
xli, 206–207 (1854); Correspondence between Dean of
Manchester and the principal of Brasenose 1846.
HARKER, Daniel Richard. Toast master, city of London; retired a
few years before his death; d. Osborn villas, Westgreen road,
Tottenham, Nov. 1874 aged 70.
HARKNESS, Robert. b. Ormskirk, Lancs. 28 July 1816; ed. at
Edin. univ. 1833–4; professor of geology Queen’s coll. Cork
1853 to death; F.G.S.; F.R.S. Edin. 1854; F.R.S. 5 June 1856;
did much to elucidate geology of Scotland; a writer of upwards
of 60 scientific papers; author with H. A. Nicholson of On the
Coniston group 1868. d. Imperial hotel, Dublin 4 Oct. 1878.
Quarterly journal of geol. soc. xxxv, 41–4 (1879); Geol. Mag.
(1878) 528, 574–76, portrait; Proc. of royal soc. of Edin. x, 31–
3 (1880); I.L.N. lxxiii, 400 (1878), portrait.
HARLAND, Aurelius (son of Dr. Harland, d. 1866). Ed. at Edin.
univ., M.D. 1844; at Hong Kong 1844 to death; surgeon of
Seaman’s hospital; acquired Chinese and studied Chinese
medicine and physiology; sent papers to R. Asiatic soc. d.
Hong Kong 12 Sep. 1858, public monument in the Happy
Valley. H. Hance’s Memoir of A. Harland (1858); S. Smiles’ Men
of Invention (1884) 288–92.
HARLAND, Rev. Edward (2 son of Christopher Harland of
Ashbourne, Derbyshire). Matric. from Wadham coll. Ox. 16
June 1827 aged 17; B.A. 1831, M.A. 1836; C. of Sandon,
Staffs. 1836–51; V. of Colwich, Staffs. 1851 to death; preb. of
Lichfield cath. 1873 to death; author of Index Sermonum
1858; A church psalter and hymnal 1865, Supplement 1863. d.
Rushton hall, Stafford 8 June 1890.
HARLAND, Edward James (brother of Aurelius Harland). b.
Scarborough, May 1831; pupil of R. Stephenson, Newcastle
upon Tyne 1846–51; journeyman with J. and G. Thomson,
Glasgow 1851; manager for Thomas Toward ship builder near
Newcastle 1853; manager for R. Hickson & Co. Belfast 1854,
purchased the business 1857, took in Mr. Woolff as a partner
1862; made improvements in length, flatness of bottom and
squareness of bilge in build of ships, which became known as
 Belfast bottoms; built for the government the Lynx and
Algerine gun vessels and the Hecla store and torpedo ship
3360 tons; built ships for all the great ocean lines. d. 1866. S.
Smiles’ Men of Invention (1884) 288–323.
HARLAND, John (1 son of John Harland, clock maker). b. Hull 27
May 1806; compositor 1821–8; letter press printer; taught
himself shorthand and made improvements in the system;
chief of reporting staff of Manchester Guardian 1830–60;
F.S.A.; an early member of the Rosicrucians; edited 14 volumes
for Chetham soc.; author of Historical account of Salley alley,
Yorkshire 1853; Ballads and songs of Lancashire 1865, 2 ed.
1875; Lancashire Lyrics 1866; and with T. T. Wilkinson of
Lancashire folk lore 1867. d. Brideoak st. Cheetham hill road,
Manchester 23 April 1868. bur. Rusholme road cemetery.
Sketches of Hull authors, By R. W. Corlass (1879) 35–9; J.
Harland and T. T. Wilkinson’s Lancashire legends (1873)
memoir pp. xv-xxxv, with portrait.
HARLAND, Rev. William. b. Newton near Pickering, Yorkshire
1801; Primitive Methodist minister Hull 1828; sec. to
committee of privileges, London 1857; edited Primitive
Methodist Mag. and was editor superintendent of all works
issued by the connexion; author of The Primitive Methodist
revival hymn book 1861; The Christian Cabinet illustrated
almanack (1860) p. 37; probably dead.
HARLE, William Lockey (son of Mr. Harle of Stockton). b. York
1811; solicitor at Newcastle upon Tyne 1833 to death, in
London 1848 to death; deputy recorder of Newcastle, member
of the town council 1841–53 and 1858 to death, sheriff 1864,
alderman 1868 to death; author of A Career in the Commons
1850, in which he set forth a complete programme of policy for
liberals; An argument on the inutility of the distinction between
barrister and attorney 1851. d. 30 Victoria sq. Newcastle 18
Jany. 1878. Monthly chronicle of north country lore, Feb. 1888
p. 49, portrait; Sketch of that distinguished author, editor,
 lawyer and municipal patriot, Mr. W. L. H., edited by himself
(1854).
HARLECH, John Ralph Ormsby-gore, 1 Baron (eld. child of Wm.
Ormsby-Gore, M.P. of Porkington, co. Salop 1779–1860). b. 3
June 1816; ed. at Eton and Ch. Ch. Ox., B.A. 1837, M.A. 1865;
student of L.I. 1837; M.P. for Carnarvonshire 1837–41, for
North Shropshire 1859–75; created Baron Harlech of Harlech,
co. Merioneth 14 Jany. 1876. d. Boreham house near
Chelmsford 15 June 1876. Graphic, xiii, 134, 138 (1876),
portrait.
HARLEY, Edward (eld. son of Edward Harley of Bristol, iron
merchant). b. Bristol 19 June 1808; ed. at Shrewsbury;
solicitor at Bristol 1831 to death; deputy registrar of Bristol
Court of Conscience (a borough court of record since time of
Wm. iii.) 1 Jany. 1837, registrar Dec. 1843 to 1847 when the
court was abolished by County Courts’ Act 1846; joint registrar
of Bristol county court 1847 to death; joint district registrar of
the High Court 1875 to death. d. Condover Grange near
Shrewsbury 25 Oct. 1888.
HARLEY, George. b. 1791; drawing master; exhibited 2
landscapes at R.A. and 1 at Suffolk st. 1817–65; drew in
lithography some landscape drawings as ‘Lessons in
Landscape’ for Rowney and Forster’s series 1820–22; author of
A guide to landscape drawing in pencil and chalk 1848, 3 ed.
1849. d. 32 Kelly st., St. Pancras, London 10 Jany. 1871.
HARLEY, John Pritt (son of John Harley, draper). bapt. St. Martin-
in-the-Fields, London 5 March 1786; apprentice to a linen
draper 1801; acted in Kent and Sussex 1807–13; first
appeared in London at English opera house as Marcelli in The
Devil’s Bridge 15 July 1815; played the chief parts at Drury
Lane 1815–35, 1838, 1841–8, at St. James’ theatre 1835, at
Covent Garden 1838, 1840, at Princesses theatre 1850 to
death; especially good in Shakespearean clowns; master and
treasurer Drury Lane theatrical fund 1833 to death; made a
 collection of 300 walking sticks and canes. d. 14 Upper Gower
st. London 22 Aug. 1858. Illust. sp. and dr. news 13 Sep. 1879
pp. 629–30; Metropolitan Mag. xvii, 126–32 (1836); Oxberry’s
Dramatic Biography, i, 69–77 (1825), portrait; Planche’s
Extravaganzas ii, 63 (1879), portrait.
HARLOWE, Sarah. b. London 1765; singer and actor at Sadler’s
Wells 1789; first appeared at Covent Garden in The Fugitive 4
Nov. 1790; played at the Haymarket 1792, at Drury Lane 1793,
1816, at English opera house 1794, at Royalty theatre 1797,
retired 1826; a low comedy actress with a complete knowledge
of the stage; her best parts were Lucy in The Rivals and the
Widow Warren in The Road to Ruin. d. 5 Albert place,
Gravesend, Kent 2 Jany. 1852. Oxberry’s Dramatic Biog. iii,
235–41 (1825), portrait; Mrs. C. B. Wilson’s Our Actresses, i,
91–3 (1844).
HARMAN, Edward Robert King- (1 son of Hon. Lawrence King-
Harman of Rockingham, Roscommon, d. 10 Oct. 1875). b. 3
April 1838; ed. at Eton 1847–50; ensign 60 rifles 1855, lieut.
1856 to 59 or 60; contested Longford co. 16 May 1870,
contested Dublin city 18 Aug. 1870; M.P. Sligo co. 12 Jany.
1877 to 24 March 1880, contested Sligo co., April 1880; M.P.
co. Dublin 1883–5, contested co. Dublin, Dec. 1885; M.P. Isle
of Thanet division of Kent 1885 to death; col. Roscommon
militia 14 Aug. 1878 to death; lord lieut. of Roscommon 1878
to death; P.C. Ireland 1885; parliamentary under sec. for
Ireland 8 April 1887 to death. d. Rockingham 10 June 1888.
Times 11 June 1888 p. 9, 15 June p. 5; Graphic, xxvii, 296
(1883), portrait.
HARMAR, David James. Standard bearer of the Corps of
Gentlemen at arms 31 Jany. 1848 to 30 Sep. 1872. d. 7 the
Paragon, Bath 12 Oct. 1874 aged 59.
HARMER, James (son of a Spitalfields’ weaver, d. 1787). b.
London 1777; attorney in London 1798–1833 when he
relinquished his practice worth £4000 a year; common
 councilman city of London 1826, alderman of ward of
Farringdon without 1833–40; sheriff of London and Middlesex
1834; chief proprietor of the Weekly Dispatch which in 1835
circulated 32,000 weekly and he made £15,000 a year; a
founder of R. Free hospital, Greville st. 1828; resided at
Ingress Park near Greenhithe which he built chiefly of the
stone removed from old London Bridge; author of Murder of
Mr. Steele: documents to show innocence of J. Holloway 1807;
Account of case of G. Mathews who was convicted and
pardoned 1819; The case of Edward Harris who was executed,
facts to prove his innocence 1825. d. at Adam Steele’s house,
Cricklewood, Middlesex 11 June 1853. G.M. xl, 201 (1853);
I.L.N. xxii, 507 (1853); Grant’s Newspaper press, iii, 41–42
(1872).
Note.—In 1840 he was the senior alderman below the chair, but was not
elected Lord Mayor in consequence of his connexion with the Weekly Dispatch
which then advocated advanced religious and political views.
HARNESS, Sir Henry Drury (son of John Harness, M.D., comr. of
transport board). b. 29 April 1804; 2 lieut. R.A. 24 May 1827;
instructor in fortification at Woolwich 1834–40 and professor of
fortification 1844–5; instructor in surveying at Chatham 1840–
44; inspector of Welsh roads 1845; sec. to railway commission
1846; deputy master of the mint 1850–52 when he entirely
reformed the working arrangements; commissioner of public
works in Ireland 1852–4; commanded engineers in India
1857–9, at Cawnpore, siege of Lucknow and at operations in
Rohilkund and Oude; director R. engineer establishment,
Chatham 1860; managed cattle plague department of privy
council 1866; C.B. 26 July 1858, K.C.B. 24 May 1873; col.
commandant R.E. 15 June 1877 to death; general 1 Oct. 1877;
author of papers in Papers of Corps of Engineers 1844. d.
Barton End, Headington, Oxford 10 Feb. 1883, portrait in mess
of R.E. at Chatham. Min. of Proc. of Instit. of C.E. lxxiii, 378
(1883); Monthly Notices of R.A.S. xliv, 133–5 (1884); T. B.
Collinson’s Memoir of Sir H. D. Harness (1883), portrait.
HARNESS, Rev. William (elder bro. of Sir H. D. Harness). b. near
Wickham, Hants. 14 March 1790; ed. at Harrow where in 1802
he made an acquaintance with Byron which he kept up; at
Christ’s coll. Cam., B.A. 1812, M.A. 1816, Boyle lecturer 1822;
C. of Hampstead 1823–6; incumb. Regent sq. chapel, London
1826–44; clerical registrar of privy council 1841; minister of
Brompton chapel 1844–7; P.C. of All Saints, Knightsbridge
1849 to death, he raised the money for building this ch.; editor
of The Works of Shakespeare 8 vols. 1825 to which he prefixed
a life; author of The life of Mary Russell Mitford 1870; killed by
falling down stairs at the deanery, Battle, Sussex 11 Nov. 1869.
L’ Estrange’s Life of Rev. W. Harness (1871); Reg. and Mag. of
Biography, Dec. 1869 pp. 308–9.
HARNETT, A. W. (second son of Maurice Harnett of Milltown, co.
Dublin). b. about 1817; ed. by his father and at Trin. coll.
Dublin; barrister L.I.; edited a paper in the south of Ireland
some years; edited The Universal News from date of first
number Dec. 1860, the organ of more educated English Roman
Catholics. d. St. John’s Wood, London 6 June 1864. Law Times,
xxxix, 452 (1864).
HARPER, Rev. James (younger son of Rev. Alexander Harper). b.
Lanark 23 June 1795; ed. at Edin. univ.; D.D. of Jefferson coll.
U.S. America 1843, D.D. of Glasgow univ. 1877; united
secession minister at North Leith 1819 to death; chairman of
the synod 1840; professor of pastoral theology, secession ch.
1843–8; promoted the union of the secession and relief bodies
1848; professor of systematic theology 1848; moderator of
united presbyterian synod 1860; president of theological hall of
united presbyterian ch. 1876; editor of Edinburgh Theological
Mag. 1826 and United Presbyterian Mag. 1850. d. Leith Mount
13 April 1879. Andrew Thomson’s Life of J. Harper (1880),
portrait; John Smith’s Our Scottish clergy, 3rd series (1851)
338–45.
HARPER, Thomas. b. Worcester 3 May 1787; trumpeter and horn
player in the East India Co. volunteer band 1799, inspector of
musical instruments to the Co. to his death; principal trumpet
Drury Lane and Lyceum opera house 1806; played at
Birmingham festival 1820; trumpet at the Ancient Concerts,
the Italian opera and Philharmonic concerts; his imitation of
the voice part in ‘Let the bright Seraphin’ was a great
achievement of art; author of A selection of favourite airs
adapted for the Royal Kent bugle 1830; seized with illness at
Exeter hall and d. at the house of his friend Joseph Surman, 9
Exeter hall, Strand, London 20 Jany. 1853. Musical World 29
Jany. 1853 p. 83; W. W. Cazalet’s Royal academy of music
(1854) 294; Dramatic and musical review, iii, 200 (1844).
HARPER, William. b. Manchester 1806; yarn merchant Pall Mall,
Manchester; wrote the weekly trade article for the Manchester
Courier; author of The Genius and other poems 1840; Cain
and Abel, a dramatic poem, and minor pieces Manchester
1844; Memoir of Benjamin Braidley 1848. d. Lever st. Lower
Broughton, Manchester 30 Jany. 1857. John Evans’s Lancashire
authors (1876) 113–8; R. W. Procter’s Literary reminiscences
(1860) 121–5; The Manchester Quarterly, July 1889 pp. 248–
53.
HARPUR, Charles. b. Windsor, New South Wales 1811; gold
commissioner Araluen 1858–66; unsuccessful as an
agriculturalist; author of The Bushrangers, a play in 5 acts,
Sydney 1853; The Tower of the Dream, Sydney 1865. d.
Eurobodalla, N.S.W. 10 June 1868. G. B. Barton’s Poets of New
South Wales (Sydney) (1866) 38–48.
HARRADEN, Richard Bankes (son of Richard Harraden 1756–1838,
engraver). b. 1778; member of Soc. of British Artists 1824–49;
exhibited 2 landscapes at B.I. and 21 at Suffolk St. 1823–30;
made drawings for Costumes of the various orders in the
university, Cambridge 1803, Cantabrigia Depicta. Cambridge
1809, History of university of Cambridge 1814, Illustrations of
 the university of Cambridge 1830, Views of all the colleges
1830. d. 18 Regent st. Cambridge 17 Nov. 1862. R. Willis’
Architectural Hist. of Cambridge (1886) i, pp. cxv-xviii.
HARRAL, Thomas. Edited Suffolk Chronicle and Bury Gazette;
author of A monody on death of John Palmer with observations
on London stage 1798; Ann Boleyn and Caroline of Brunswick
compared 1820; Henry the eighth and George the fourth 1820;
The apotheosis of Pitt, a masque. Bury 1822; Picturesque
views of the Severn 1824. d. Dorset st. Portman sq. London 31
Jany. 1853 at advanced age.
HARRILD, Robert. b. Bermondsey, London 1 Jany. 1780; printer;
manufacturer of printers’ materials and a printers’ engineer
1809; invented the composition balls and rollers for inking type
1810, soon universally adopted as the means of rapid printing;
preserved the printing press on which Benjamin Franklin had
worked in London, it is now in patent office, Washington. d.
Round hill villa, Sydenham, Kent 28 July 1853. Bigmore and
Wyman’s Bibl. of printing, i, 206, 232, 234, 306.
HARRINGTON, Charles Stanhope, 4 Earl of (eld. son of 3 Earl of
Harrington 1753–1829). b. 8 April 1780; styled Lord Petersham
1780–1829; ensign Coldstream guards 2 Dec. 1795; major
Queen’s Rangers 12 Feb. 1803; lieut. col. 3 West India
regiment 25 June 1807 to 13 Aug. 1812 when placed on h.p.;
col. in the army 4 June 1814; a lord of the bedchamber 1812–
29; succeeded as 4 Earl 5 Sep. 1829. d. Brighton 3 March
1851. G.M. xxxv, 547 (1851); I.L.N. xviii, 200 (1851).
Note.—As Lord Petersham he was a distinguished leader of fashion, and
originated a vestment which long retained his name the Petersham great
coat. He also wore hats of a peculiar shape. When young cut out his own
clothes, made his own blacking. Lord Petersham’s mixture was a favourite
snuff. H. Melton’s Hints on Hats (1865) p. 39; J. Timb’s English Eccentrics, i,
56–7 (1866); J. Ashton’s Social England, ii, 308–9 (1890), 2 portraits.
HARRINGTON, Maria Stanhope, Countess of (dau. of Samuel T.
Foote, theatrical manager, Plymouth and Exeter). b. Plymouth
 24 July 1797; appeared as Juliet at Plymouth theatre July
1810, at Covent Garden as Amanthis in The Child of Nature 26
May 1814 at which house she acted every season till 1825;
first appeared at Drury Lane as Letitia Hardy in The Belle’s
Stratagem 9 March 1826; performed throughout the United
Kingdom and in Paris; had 2 children by Colonel Berkeley 1815
etc.; obtained £3000 damages from “Pea-Green” Hayne for
breach of promise 22 Dec. 1824; retired from the stage at
Birmingham 11 March 1831. (m. 7 April 1831 the preceding).
d. 2 Richmond terrace, Whitehall, London 27 Dec. 1867. Mrs.
C. B. Wilson’s Our Actresses, i, 208–41 (1844), portrait;
Oxberry’s Dramatic Biog. i, 33–46 (1825), portrait; Theatrical
Inquisitor, vi, 3–6 (1815), portrait.
HARRINGTON, Leicester Fitzgerald Charles Stanhope, 5 Earl of
(brother of 4 Earl of Harrington 1780–1851). b. Dublin
barracks 2 Sep. 1784; cornet 1 life guards 25 Sep. 1799; major
47 foot 4 July 1816 to 26 June 1823 when placed on h.p.;
served in Mahratta war 1817–18; col. in the army 10 Jany.
1837; C.B. 14 Oct. 1818; co-operated with Lord Byron and
others in assisting the Greeks against the Turks 1823; knt. of
Greek order of the Redeemer 30 April 1838. d. Harrington
house, Kensington palace gardens, London 7 Sep. 1862. T.
Moore’s Life of Byron (1847) 585, 601 etc.; Waagen’s Galleries
of art (1857) 234–39.
HARRIOT, David. Entered Bengal army 1803; colonel 6 Bengal
light cavalry 1849 to death; C.B. 3 April 1846. d. Cheltenham 6
Sep. 1851 aged 68.
HARRIS, George Francis Robert Harris, 3 Baron (eld. child of 2
Baron Harris 1782–1845). b. Belmont, Faversham, Kent 14
Aug. 1810; ed. at Eton and Ch. Ch. Ox., B.A. 1832, D.C.L.
1863; lieut. governor of Trinidad 5 May 1846, governor and
commander in chief there 3 Nov. 1846; governor of Madras,
Feb. 1854 to Jany. 1859; lord in waiting to the Queen 1860–
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