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C O N T E M P O R A R Y

ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
C O N T E M P O R A R Y

ESTHETIC
DENTISTRY
George Freedman, BSc, DDS, FAACD, FACD, FADFE
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043

CONTEMPORARY ESTHETIC DENTISTRY 978-0-323-06895-6

Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center
and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions.

This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other
than as may be noted herein).

Notices

Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden
our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become
necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and
using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or
methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they
have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most
current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be
administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and
contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of
their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient,
and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any
liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or
otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the
material herein.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Contemporary esthetic dentistry / [edited by] George Freedman.
    p. ; cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-06895-6 (hardcover : alk. paper)
I. Freedman, George
[DNLM: 1. Esthetics, Dental. 2. Dental Bonding. 3. Dental Materials. 4. Dental Restoration,
Permanent. 5. Oral Surgical Procedures. WU 100]
617.6'95—dc23
          2011044457

Vice President: Linda Duncan

Executive Editor: John Dolan
Senior Content Development Specialist: Courtney Sprehe
Publishing Services Manager: Julie Eddy
Senior Project Manager: Celeste Clingan
Design Direction: Jessica Williams

Working together to grow

libraries in developing countries
Printed in the United States of America www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org

Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

 To my parents
Bella and Wilhelm Freedman,
who believed in me
and taught me to believe in myself
Foreword

Esthetic dentistry did not exist when I graduated from dental television was truly phenomenal; one show changed dentistry
school. One of the most important disciplines was denture fab- completely!
rication. It was assumed that beyond a certain age everyone Esthetic dentistry has transformed patients’ perspectives of
would have lost their teeth and would require removable pros- dentistry tremendously. In the past, most people disliked going
theses. Many simply looked awful with their dentures. When to the dentist; the dental visit was associated with fear and pain.
my father needed dentures, I could not stand that they made Many deprecating jokes were told about dentists, and our pro-
his features collapse and his face sink in. I repositioned the teeth fession was often symbolized by a suffering patient with a ban-
more naturally and plumped the denture acrylic to support the daged head. Once esthetic dentistry came into vogue, people
facial muscles. My father’s teeth looked better than ever before, realized how painless bonding was and how beautiful the results
and the natural form of his face was restored; he looked like his could be. Everyone wants to look better, and patients quickly
younger self, and no one knew that he had lost his teeth. The realized that dentists could be artists, improving smiles and
demands of treating my father made me realize the importance appearances in very short periods of time. Within a generation,
of esthetics to dentistry. the perceptions associated with dentistry were changed from
In the early years of my practice, direct restorations were ugly amalgam fillings, extractions, and dentures to an art form
limited to silver amalgam. Then silicate fillings were introduced. providing beauty, youth, and function.
Initially they were not very retentive and tended to discolor. The Bonding was the beginning of esthetic dentistry. Veneers were
introduction of composites and acid etching dramatically the next step, generating patient anticipation and demand that
improved the process, and esthetic dentistry became a reality. I led to a host of more advanced appearance-related procedures.
realized the potential of tooth-colored restorations and began It was now possible to use the restorations to raise the cheek-
using them extensively. During this time I was a regular guest bones, soften the nasal labial lines, and fill out the lips without
on a popular radio show where I discussed dental innovations. surgery, and to make the results very long-lasting. These treat-
In the pre-interview I mentioned that I would talk about “acid ments were designed to provide an alternative to plastic surgery,
etching”—what the technique was commonly called at the time. enhance facial esthetics, and provide touch-ups “without a
The horrified host said, “You can’t say that on air. Listeners will scalpel.” Dentistry has evolved to an art that not only improves
get frantic about dentists putting acid in their mouths. What smiles but changes faces in a lasting manner.
else can you call it?” I responded that we were actually bonding The full scope of esthetic dentistry is just beginning to be
materials to the teeth. “Then call it bonding!” he answered. And defined. Dentists are, after all, the professionals who are most
that is how the term bonding began. familiar with the hard and soft tissues of the smile and the
It is rarely easy to develop something brand new. Many lower face. We understand the teeth, lips, cheeks, and muscula-
within the profession challenged and even ridiculed the new ture and their functions as well as their limitations. We are
technique, but I knew how great bonding was. I had the good familiar with the changes caused by aging and how to overcome
fortune to be asked to do a segment on That’s Incredible, a very the sagging, wrinkling, and shrinking of the face in order to
popular television show at the time. The producers asked me to make a person look younger. We can offer more precise and
treat a beautiful ballerina with very dark teeth, and they docu- predictable facial effects than professionals who are limited to
mented every step. I bonded her teeth, changed her smile, treating the soft tissues. The public now recognizes that dentists
and made her look like a different person. The exposure was are the physicians and the artists of the smile. Everyone wants
extensive; dentists everywhere wanted to know more because to stay young for as long as possible. This is the future of
all their patients were asking about “bonding.” The impact of esthetic dentistry.

Irwin Smigel, DDS

vi
 Preface

The first materials and techniques dedicated to appearance- this text, focusing on the clinical applications of scientifically
related dentistry emerged in the late 1970s. The interest from based esthetic procedures, is so opportune. It offers a compre-
the dental profession and the public was very limited in the hensive and detailed guide to both routine and complex
beginning. The dental profession began to recognize this innova- esthetic procedures for practitioners who seek practical direc-
tive and highly desirable treatment approach and the benefits tion. The selected topics cover the vast majority of esthetic sit-
for all concerned rather quickly over the next decade, however. uations that are likely to be encountered in the clinical
In the early 1990s the concurrent popularization of porcelain practice. A brief but thorough review of the relevant knowl-
veneers and tooth whitening created an explosive rise in interest edge base leads into a discussion of the various treatment
among the public that has not abated in the slightest degree to options that are available and those that the authors believe
this very day. are the best choices. Discussions of recent relevant innovations
As a direct result, there was a great need and tremendous and advances are followed by illustrative clinical cases that put
demand for effective professional education and the sharing of each chapter into context. The organization of the topics and
clinical experience among practitioners. On the academic side, the chapters makes it easy to grasp the new concepts, tech-
the Postgraduate Programs in Esthetic Dentistry (PPED) pre- niques, and materials.
sented a comprehensive introduction to appearance-related dis- The field of esthetic dentistry has grown so rapidly that no
ciplines at numerous university venues. More than 2200 PPED single individual can be expert in all its domains. The many
graduates (1991 to 2001) began to form the cadre of the esthetic talented contributors to this definitive textbook have been
revolution that was sweeping the profession. On the organiza- instrumental in the philosophy, development, and teaching of
tional side, some of the earliest esthetic groups were closed: the art and science of esthetic dentistry. They are recognized
attendance was by invitation only, and membership was highly internationally as the leaders in research, clinical application and
restricted. There existed a tremendous need for an open forum education. It is with great and humble appreciation that I thank
for dental education that welcomed all professionals with an each and every one of these authorities for his or her remarkable
interest in appearance-related dentistry. efforts in acquiring basic knowledge and skills, adapting and
The American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry (AACD) was advancing these techniques to new technologies and existing
founded in December 1984 by 60 dentists who converged on patient conditions, and then sharing the resulting benefits with
Las Vegas for 2 days of lectures, discussions, and strategic plan- their colleagues.
ning. The “Cosmetic” denomination was chosen because several Contemporary Esthetic Dentistry represents the vanguard of
“Esthetic” and “Aesthetic” societies were already in operation, the transition in dental education and information transfer. The
and confusion was to be avoided. The first AACD board of text is offered both in print and online, with each format associ-
directors set important parameters: the Academy must be open ated with an opportunity to earn continuing education credits.
to all who seek education and professional development, dental Every chapter, or part of a longer chapter, has an associated
laboratory technicians must be included, and this innovative multiple choice quiz that is accessed online at the reader’s con-
area of treatment must establish accessible levels of clinical rec- venience. On successful completion, an evidence-based educa-
ognition (which later became Accreditation and Fellowship). tional credit is issued.
This formula proved very popular; in less than a decade the Scientific textbooks have the disadvantage of becoming tem-
AACD was the largest cosmetic or esthetic organization in the porally challenged shortly after publication. This is because the
world and has more than 8000 members. process of developing a text can take 2 or 3 years or longer, and
This successful and open prescription is applicable to all the contents represent a slice of knowledge at a particular time.
forms of continuing education; the subject material and the Contemporary Esthetic Dentistry is the first “live” book wherein
format must be accessible, understandable, clinically relevant, the online version can be regularly updated as the underlying
and immediately applicable to everyday practice. That is why clinical science and art change and develop. Thus it will always

vii
viii Preface

be as current as possible—a compendium of the latest informa- techniques, ongoing development, and, of course, past mis-
tion at any given time. takes. I find it very gratifying to share professional experiences
Gutenberg’s development of print publication made knowl- with my colleagues for our mutual benefit. Transferring and
edge and education universally accessible, facilitating the Renais- distributing this information benefits our patients’ oral health,
sance. Today’s Web technologies make knowledge and education improves our practices, and makes our everyday clinical tasks
immediately and affordably accessible. We cannot even begin to easier and more predictable. Most important, an open exchange
imagine the progress that will be unleashed in the next few is a great advantage for the younger members of the profession,
decades. who can use the established knowledge base to achieve ever
I am often asked why I make the effort, and spend the better treatment concepts and modalities. To teach is to touch
time, to write and to lecture about innovations, materials, the future.

George Freedman, BSc, DDS, FAACD, FACD, FADFE

 Acknowledgments

When I first agreed, reluctantly, to undertake the task of devel- journey in organized dentistry. Dr Geza Terezhalmy was the
oping this definitive text on the topic of esthetic dentistry, I had Dean of Case Western Reserve University School of Dental
a fair concept of the work that was involved. Or at least I Medicine in 1991. During a discussion about the lack of esthetic
thought that I did. As we progressed, I realized the myriad dentistry training available to dentists, he challenged me to
concepts, techniques, and materials in the field of Esthetic Den- develop a suitable course of study. This conversation resulted in
tistry had grown exponentially since I first became involved in my organizing the first Post-graduate Program in Esthetic Den-
its earliest days. The task was daunting but the outcome extremely tistry 6 months later. Within a decade, more than 2200 dentists
important. had graduated from these programs in the United States and
The knowledge base for esthetic dentistry is so vast and around the world. Dr Irwin Smigel, founder and president of
varied, and the expertise so broadly distributed, that it was the American Society for Dental Aesthetics, has been a mentor
incumbent upon me to involve world-renowned authorities on and a shining light to all of us in the profession. His energy, his
many of the areas under discussion in the development of this vision, and unabashed love for dental esthetics are standards that
textbook. I humbly thank each and every one of the contributors we can live and grow by.
for their tremendous efforts, sincere commitment, and invalu- At Elsevier, John Dolan (Executive Editor) was the first to
able contribution to the progress of dentistry. envision the Contemporary Esthetic Dentistry textbook and was
I hold Jennifer Murphy largely instrumental in developing this project, both with me and with
responsible for cajoling me to accept Elsevier. He shepherded the project through the many gauntlets
the burden of writing Contemporary that are part and parcel of every book that publish. He prodded
Esthetic Dentistry. On the other when necessary, and commiserated over wine when appropriate.
hand, she has also been the indi- Most significantly, he was open to the many innovative concepts
vidual who has responsibly held all that are the hallmarks of this publication. The successful conclu-
the loose ends of this massive project sion of this project has been made possible by the tireless dedica-
together, and enabled it to come to tion and professional contributions of Courtney Sprehe (Senior
fruition. Developmental Editor), Celeste Clingan (Senior Project
Every long-term project takes its Manager), Brian Loehr (Senior Development Editor) and Kari
toll on family life, and I extend my Terwelp (Editorial Assistant) through a very long and extensive
heartfelt thanks and sincerest apolo- project.
gies to Dr. Fay Goldstep, my wife, and our daughter, Judy. It is also important to thank the dental manufacturers who
Many dental professionals have contributed to my personal have supplied and permitted the use of images which add much
development over the years, but the following individuals to the practical relevance of a clinical text. These same companies
deserve a special mention. I first met Dr Jack Kammer in 1984. are largely responsible for funding and driving the research and
He was the founding president of the American Academy of development that has propelled esthetic dentistry so rapidly to
Cosmetic Dentistry, and he helped me to begin my exciting the forefront of the dental profession.

George Freedman, BSc, DDS, FAACD, FACD, FADFE

ix
Contributors

George Freedman, BSc, DDS, FAACD, FADFE, FACD

Dr. Freedman is a founder, accredited member, and past president of the American Academy of Cos-
metic Dentistry and co-founder of the Canadian Academy for Esthetic Dentistry. He was the founding
associate director of the Esthetic Dental Education Center at the State University of New York at
Buffalo. He was the director of Post-graduate Programs in Esthetic Dentistry at Case Western Reserve
University, Baylor College of Dentistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Tufts University,
University of Minnesota, University of Missouri (Kansas City), University of Florida, University of
California at San Francisco, Eastman Dental Center (Rochester), Catholic University (Seoul, South
Korea), and Schaan, Liechtenstein. He has chaired numerous dental conferences and symposia inter-
nationally, including at the Universita di Firenze and the World Aesthetic Congress (London). He
coauthored the first textbooks on porcelain veneers (1990) and tooth whitening (1991), was the editor
of Dental Clinics of North America (1998 and 2001). Accredited by the American Board of Aesthetic
Dentistry, he is a founder and Regent of the Academy of Dental-Facial Esthetics and Fellow of the
AACD, IADFE, American Society for Dental Aesthetics, American College of Dentists and the
Academy of Dentistry International. He has served as Materials Editor of Dentistry Today for almost
20 years and is the editor-in-chief for Dental Tribune International and on numerous boards including
Oral Health (Canada), Reality, and Dental Asia. He divides his time between patient treatment and
dental education, lecturing frequently at dental conferences internationally, and maintains a private
practice limited to Esthetic Dentistry in Toronto, Canada.

Sibel Antonson, DDS, PhD, MBA

Dr. Antonson is the Director of Education and Professional Services at Ivoclar Vivadent and Clinical
Associate Professor and Director of Dental Biomaterials at SUNY, School of Dental Medicine. In 2000,
the Products Manager at DENTSPLY Caulk, she invented and launched PoGo, the first one-step
composite finishing and polishing device. She served as the president for the International Association
of Dental Research, Dental Materials Group in 2007-2008 and is currently the councilor. Her research
interests include predictability and longevity of ceramic and resin-based restorations, cements and
interface mechanisms, alternative applications of glass ionomers, fiber post systems, thermal effects of
curing light units, lasers and clinical procedures, and characterization of impression materials and
techniques. She is studying the mechanical and physical properties of dental materials, and the new
category of smart dental materials.

George E. Bambara, MS, DMD, FACD

Dr. Bambara is in private practice in Staten Island, New York; is on the teaching staff of University of
Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey; and is an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the College of Staten
Island. He is also on the Attending Staff at New York Methodist Hospital and Seaview Hospital on
Staten Island. He is a member of the American Dental Association, the Academy of General Dentistry,
the New York State Dental Society, and the Richmond County Dental Society, where he served as
President in 1998. He holds Fellowships in the American College of Dentists, the International College
of Dentists, and the International Academy for Dental Facial Esthetics.

x
 Contributors xi

Scott D. Benjamin, DDS

Dr. Benjamin is in private practice and is Visiting Professor at SUNY Buffalo School of Dental Medicine
and a Research Associate at the NYU College of Dentistry. He is an internationally recognized lecturer
on oral cancer and advanced dental technologies and was a participant in the World Health Organiza-
tion (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Oral Cancer and Precancer 2005 Working Group on “Poten-
tially Malignant Oral Mucosal Lesions and Conditions.” He has authored more than 150 articles on
dental technology and is a member of the editorial board of several prestigious peer-reviewed dental
journals.

Joel H. Berg, DDS, MS

Dr. Berg is Professor and Lloyd and Kay Chapman Chair for Oral Health of the Department of Pedi-
atric Dentistry at the University of Washington in Seattle, Washington and is Director of the Depart-
ment of Dental Medicine at Children’s Hospital Regional Medical Center in Seattle, Washington. He
is a board-certified pediatric dentist and is a trustee of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.
He is the author of a multitude of manuscripts, abstracts, and book chapters regarding a variety of
subjects, including restorative materials for children and other work related to biomaterials. His current
research interests include the development of dental caries prevention programs using risk assessment
models.

Sunil Bhoolabhai, BDS, DDS

Dr. Bhoolabhai maintains a full-time practice emphasizing cosmetic and appearance-related dentistry
in Bombay. He is the founder and president of the Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry in India and an
accredited member of the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry, an Accreditation Examiner on
the American Board of Cosmetic Dentistry, an honorary member of the Canadian Academy of Esthetic
Dentistry, and a Fellow of the International Academy for Dental-Facial Esthetics. He is a Diplomate
of the International Congress of Oral Implantologists and serves on the editorial review board of the
journal Practical Procedures and Aesthetic Dentistry: PPAD, Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry, and Dental
Tribune International. He has served as the official smile care consultant and expert for the renowned
Ms. India Pageant.

Jeff T. Blank, DMD

Dr. Blank maintains a full time private practice in Rock Hill, South Carolina, where he emphasizes
complex restorative reconstruction and cosmetic enhancement procedures. He is an Adjunct Instructor
in the Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of South Carolina, College of Dental
Medicine and has authored dozens of clinical manuscripts on clinical techniques and materials. He is
a Fellow of the Academy of Comprehensive Esthetics and an active member of the International Asso-
ciation for Dental Research, the Academy of Operative Dentistry, the American Academy of Cosmetic
Dentistry, the Pierre Fauchard Academy, the American Dental Association and the Academy of General
Dentistry. He has lectured throughout the United States, Europe, and in Asia; holds a U.S. patent
for a composite finishing instrument, and is the creator of the CEBL technique for direct veneer
layering.

Joe L. Carrick, DDS

Dr. Carrick maintains a private practice emphasizing implant and esthetic dentistry in San Diego,
California. He is a member of the American Dental Association, the American Academy of Cosmetic
Dentistry (Past President), Accreditation Committee for the American Academy of Cosmetic Dentistry
(Examiner), the American Academy of Implant Dentistry, and the American Society of Osseointegra-
tion and is a Diplomate of the International Congress of Oral Implantologists. He has published
numerous articles on cosmetic dentistry and implant dentistry esthetics.
xii Contributors
Ingrid R. Castellanos, CD
Dr. Castellanos has lectured internationally. She is a member of the International Association of Dental
Research and Academia Mexicana de Ortodoncia (Mexican Academy of Orthodontists) and is a Fellow
of the World Federation of Orthodontists. She is currently associate editor, publisher, and vice president
of REALITY Publishing Company and is in charge of coordinating product evaluations.

David Clark, DDS

Dr. Clark, one of the pioneers of the microscope in restorative dentistry, founded the Academy of
Microscope Enhanced Dentistry. He is a course director at the Newport Coast Oral Facial Institute,
co-director of Precision Aesthetics Northwest, and an associate member of the American Association
of Endodontists. He lectures and teaches hands-on seminars internationally on a variety of topics related
to microscope enhanced dentistry and has authored several landmark articles about microscope den-
tistry. He was the editor in chief for the 2005 launch of the Journal of Microscope Dentistry. He has
recently published a completely new approach to diagnosis and treatment of cracked teeth, based on
a new nomenclature and classification system for enamel and dentinal cracks observed at 16×. He is
developing new techniques and materials to better restore endodontically treated teeth, including the
endo-restorative casting.

Luca Lorenzo Dalloca, CDT, DMD

Dr. Dalloca is a Visiting Professor in the Prosthodontic Post-Graduate Program at Loma Linda
University, California. He has been a Visiting Professor in the Postgraduate Program of Restorative
Dentistry in the Department of Oral Science at the University of Siena, a Clinical Visiting Professor
at the Oral Health Sciences Centre and Continuing Education Instructor in Esthetic Dentistry at
the University of Portland, and a Clinical Associate Professor at Tufts University School of Dental
Medicine. He has authored several articles on esthetics and has been an international speaker since
1993. His Prosthodontic practice has a staff of 34, including specialists, assistants, and a dental techni-
cian. He has been vice president of the European Society of Esthetic Dentistry since 1997, he also
belongs to the Oral Design International Foundation headed by Willi Geller.

Frederick C. Eichmiller, DDS

Dr. Eichmiller is the vice president and science officer of Delta Dental of Wisconsin, where he manages
research in dental informatics and biotechnology. He was in private practice for 5 years and has had
teaching assignments at several dental schools. He served for 20 years with the American Dental Asso-
ciation Foundation Paffenbarger Research Center.

Debra Engelhardt-Nash, BFA

Debra Engelhardt-Nash is a management consultant and seminar leader based in the Southeast. She
has been an instructor for the Central Piedmont Community College Dental Assisting Program in
Charlotte, North Carolina, and taught for the Oregon Health Sciences University Continuing Dental
Education Department. She presents workshops nationally and internationally. She has written articles
for numerous dental publications and is a regular contributor to Contemporary Esthetics and Restorative
Practice magazine. She is a founding member and has served two terms as president of the National
Academy of Dental Management Consultants, from which she received the first Charles Kidd Meritori-
ous Service Award. She is also a member of the American Academy of Dental Practice Administration
and serves on the Board of the American Dental Assistants Association Foundation.
 Contributors xiii

Robert W. Gerlach, DDS, MPH

Dr. Gerlach is a Research Fellow in Worldwide Clinical Investigations at Procter & Gamble. His clinical
trial research includes initiatives in the areas of caries prevention, periodontal therapy, and esthetic
dentistry, with a particular focus on tooth whitening. With over 100 studies, his research has led to
novel delivery systems for vital bleaching as well as new dentifrice formulations. Dr. Gerlach is a public
health dentist, and his work experience includes various government and academic appointments, as
well as extensive private practice experience.

Howard S. Glazer, DDS

Dr. Glazer is a Fellow and past president of the Academy of General Dentistry and former Assistant
Clinical Professor in Dentistry at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine (Bronx, New York). He is a
Fellow of the American College of Dentists, International College of Dentists, American Society for
Dental Aesthetics, and American Academy of Forensic Sciences and a Diplomate of the American Board
of Aesthetic Dentistry. He is an Attending Dentist at the Englewood Hospital (Englewood, New Jersey)
and the Deputy Chief Forensic Dental Consultant to the Office of Chief Medical Examiner, City of
New York. He lectures in the United States and internationally on forensic dentistry and patient man-
agement. Dr. Glazer has been published worldwide, and writes a monthly column in AGD Impact
“What’s Hot and What’s Getting Hotter!” He maintains a general practice in Fort Lee, New Jersey.

Fay Goldstep, BSc, DDS, FACD, FADFE

Dr. Goldstep serves on the editorial boards of Oral Health (Healing/Preventive Dentistry) and Dental
Tribune USA. She has been on the teaching faculties of the Post-graduate Programs in Esthetic Dentistry
at Case Western Reserve University, Baylor College of Dentistry, State University of New York at
Buffalo, University of Minnesota, University of Missouri (Kansas City), University of Florida, Univer-
sity of California at San Francisco, and Schaan, Liechtenstein, and was an American Dental Association
Seminar Series Speaker. She was a contributing author to Dental Clinics of North America (1998) and
Ozone: The Revolution in Dentistry, and has had numerous articles published internationally. She was
a co-founder of the Canadian Academy for Esthetic Dentistry and is a Fellow of the International
Academy for Dental-Facial Esthetics, American Society for Dental Aesthetics, American College of
Dentists and the Academy of Dentistry International. She lectures extensively on soft tissue lasers,
electronic caries detection, healing dentistry, and innovations in hygiene and patient home care. Dr.
Goldstep is a consultant to a number of dental companies and maintains a private practice in Markham,
Ontario, Canada.

Jeff Golub-Evans, DDS

Dr. Golub-Evans uses bonding, bleaching, porcelain laminates, and crowns in his pioneering work in
smile design, including smiles that have appeared on the covers of 300+ fashion and beauty magazines.
He has appeared on Live with Regis and Kathie Lee, The Today Show, CBS Morning News, Inside Edition,
and other shows. He is an accredited member, a Fellow, and a past president of the American Academy
of Cosmetic Dentistry, founding president of AACD’s New York Chapter and founder of the Smile
Design Council. He is a member of the editorial board of Esthetic Dentistry for the GP and was the
editor in chief of Current Opinion in Cosmetic Dentistry, clinical editor of Dentist, and associate editor
of the Journal of the AACD. He was an Associate Clinical Professor at New York University, Department
of Dental Materials Science and Restorative Dentistry. He holds visiting faculty appointments to the
postgraduate programs in esthetic dentistry at the State University of New York at Buffalo, Baylor
University, Harvard University, Boston University, and Northwestern University.
xiv Contributors
Linda Helene Greenwall, BDS (Rand) MGDS, RCS (Eng), MSC (London),
MRD RCS (ENG), FFGDP (UK)
Dr. Greenwall is a Fellowship Examiner for the Royal College of Surgeons of England and a specialist
in Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics. She has a multidisciplinary private practice in Hampstead,
which has been awarded the Investor in People status. She is also the editor of the journal Aesthetic
Dentistry Today. She lectures extensively in the United Kingdom and internationally on the subjects of
tooth bleaching, esthetic dentistry, practice management, and the controversies surrounding tooth
whitening. She has written many papers for dentistry magazines. She is an Associate Course Director
for the Advanced Certificate in Aesthetic Dentistry for the Royal College of Surgeons Faculty of General
Dental Practices.

Galip Gurel, DDS

Dr. Gurel is the founder and the honorary president of EDAD (Turkish Academy of Aesthetic Den-
tistry). He is the president of the European Academy of Esthetic Dentistry for 2011 and 2012, a
member of the American Society for Dental Aesthetics, and an honorary Diplomate of the American
Board of Aesthetic Dentistry. He is the editor in chief of Quintessence Magazine in Turkey and serves
on the editorial board of the Journal of Cosmetic Dentistry, Practical Procedures and Aesthetic Dentistry:
PPAD, and the European Journal of Esthetic Dentistry. He lectures on dental esthetics internationally
and teaches postgraduate lectures on esthetic dentistry. He is a Visiting Professor at New York University
(United States), Marseille Dental University (France), and Istanbul Yeditepe University (Turkey). He
has been practicing in his own clinic in Istanbul, specializing in esthetic dentistry, since 1984.

Wayne Halstrom, BA, DDS, D-ADSM, FICD, FACD, FPFA, FADI

Dr. Halstrom is a pioneer in the area of dental sleep medicine. He is the inventor of a family of oral
appliances proven effective in the treatment of sleep-disordered breathing. Dr. Halstrom has been in
practice for 49 years, and for the last 18 years his practice in Vancouver, British Columbia, has been
limited to the treatment of sleep apnea and snoring. He is a Diplomate of the American Academy of
Dental Sleep Medicine. He is an Adjunct Professor of the Thompson Rivers University Respiratory
Therapy Program, where he teaches the principles of oral appliance therapy to undergraduates on their
way to becoming respiratory therapists. He is a past president of the Canadian Dental Association and
the British Columbia Dental Association.

David L. Hoexter, DMD, FIADFE

Dr. Hoexter is a Clinical Professor at Temple University Dental School in the Periodontal Department
(Philadelphia, Pennsylvania). He was formerly a Clinical Professor at the University of Pittsburgh
School of Dentistry, Department of Periodontics, and a Clinical Associate Professor at Mt. Sinai Hos-
pital, New York. He is a Diplomate of the American Board of Aesthetic Dentistry, director of the
International Academy for Dental Facial Esthetics, editor-in-chief of Dental Tribune USA, and a con-
tributing editor for Dentistry Today.

Ron Jackson, DDS

Dr. Jackson maintains a practice in Middleburg, Virginia. He publishes regularly and lectures across
the United States and abroad. He is an Accredited Fellow of the American Academy of Cosmetic
Dentistry, a Diplomate of the American Board of Aesthetic Dentistry, and a visiting faculty member
at the Las Vegas Institute for Advanced Dental Studies.
 Another Random Document on
Scribd Without Any Related Topics
 Conference adjourned for one hour, and met pursuant to adjournment.
A hymn was sung by the choir, followed by prayer by Elder Reynolds
Cahoon.

The President called upon the Clerk to read the report of the First
Presidency and High Council, with regard to their proceedings in
purchasing lands, and securing a place of gathering for the Saints. The
report having been read, the President made some observations
respecting the pecuniary affairs of the Church, and requested the
brethren to step forward, and assist in liquidating the debts on the town
plot, so that the poor might have an inheritance.

The President then gave an account of their mission to Washington

City, the treatment they received, and the action of the Senate on the
Memorial which was presented before them. The meeting then called
for the reading of the Memorial, and the report of the Committee on
Judiciary, to whom the same was referred, which were read.

On motion, resolved that a committee of five be appointed to draft

resolutions expressive of the sentiments of this Conference in
reference to the report. On motion it was resolved, that Robert D.
Foster, Orson Hyde, John E. Page, Joseph Wood, and Robert B.
Thompson compose said committee, and report to this Conference.

Resolved, that this meeting adjourn until tomorrow morning.

Wednesday morning, April 8.

Conference met pursuant to adjournment. A number were confirmed

who had been baptized the previous evening. Prayer by Elder Marks.

The Committee appointed to draft resolutions on the report of the

Senate Committee of the Judiciary were then called upon to make their
report. Robert B. Thompson of the Committee then read the

Resolutions:
Whereas, we learn, with deep sorrow, regret, and disappointment, that
the Committee on the Judiciary to whom was referred the Memorial of
the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
(commonly called "Mormons"), complaining of the grievances
suffered by them in the state of Missouri, have reported unfavorably to
our cause, to justice, and humanity;

Therefore Resolved 1st: That we consider the report of the Committee

on Judiciary, unconstitutional, and subversive to the rights of a free
people, and justly calls for the disapprobation of all the supporters and
lovers of good government and republican principles.

Resolved, 2ndly: That the Committee state, in their report, that our
Memorial aggravates the case of our oppressors, and at the same time
say, that they have not examined into the truth or falsehood of the facts
mentioned in said Memorial.

Resolved, 3rdly: That the Memorial does not aggravate the conduct of
our oppressors, as every statement set forth in said Memorial was
substantiated by indubitable testimony; therefore we consider the
statements of the Committee, in regard to that part, as false and
ungenerous.

Resolved, 4thly: That that part of the report referring us to the justice
and magnanimity of the state of Missouri for redress, we deem it a
great insult to our good sense, better judgment, and intelligence, when
numerous affidavits, which were laid before the Committee, prove that
we could only go into the state of Missouri contrary to the
exterminating order of the Governor, and consequently at the risk of
our lives.

Resolved, 5thly: That after repeated appeals to the constituted

authorities of the state of Missouri for redress, which were in vain, we
fondly hoped that in the Congress of the United States, ample justice
would have been rendered us; and upon that consideration alone, we
pledged ourselves to abide their decision.
Resolved, 6thly: That the exterminating order of Governor Boggs is a
direct infraction of the Constitution of the United States, and of the
state of Missouri; and the committee in refusing to investigate the
proceedings of the Executive and others of the state of Missouri, and
turning a deaf ear to the cries of widows, orphans, and innocent blood,
we deem no less than seconding the proceeding of that murderous
clan, whose deeds are recorded in heaven, and justly call down upon
their heads the righteous judgments of an offended God.

Resolved, 7thly: That the thanks of this meeting be tendered to the

citizens of the state of Illinois, for their kind, liberal, and generous
conduct towards us; and that we call upon them, as well as every
patriot in this vast Republic, to aid us in all lawful endeavors to obtain
redress for the injuries we have sustained.

Resolved, 8thly: That the thanks of this meeting be tendered to the

delegation of Illinois, for the bold, manly, noble, and independent
course they have taken in presenting our case before the nation, amid
misrepresentation, contumely, and abuse, which were heaped upon us
in our suffering condition.

Resolved, 9thly: That the thanks of this meeting be tendered to

Governor Carlin of Illinois, Governor Lucas of Iowa Territory, for their
sympathy, aid, and protection; and to all other honorable gentlemen
who have assisted us in our endeavors to obtain redress.

Resolved, 10thly: That Joseph Smith, Jun., Sidney Rigdon, and Elias
Higbee, the Delegates appointed by this Church to visit the City of
Washington, to present our sufferings before the authorities of the
nation, be tendered the thanks of this meeting for the prompt and
efficient manner in which they have discharged their duty; and that
they be requested, in behalf of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day
Saints throughout the world, to continue to use their endeavors to
obtain redress for a suffering people. And if all hopes of obtaining
satisfaction for the injuries done us be entirely blasted, that they then
appeal our case to the Court of Heaven, believing that the Great
Jehovah, who rules over the destiny of nations, and who notices the
falling sparrows, will undoubtedly redress our wrongs, and ere long
avenge us of our adversaries.[5]

On motion, Resolved, That the report of the committee on the

Judiciary, as well as the foregoing Preamble and Resolutions, be
published in the Quincy papers.

On motion, Resolved, That a committee of three be appointed to

investigate the recommendations of those persons who wish to obtain
an ordination to the ministry, and ordain such as are thought worthy;
and that Elders Bent, Wood, and Hyde compose said committee.

Resolved, That this meeting feel satisfied with the proceeding of the
Presidency with regard to the sales of town property, &c., and that they
are requested to continue in their agency.

Resolved, That this meeting adjourn for one hour.

Conference met pursuant to adjournment.

After singing the President arose and read the 3rd chapter of John's
Gospel, after which, prayer was offered by Elder Erastus Snow.

The President commenced making observations on the different

subjects embraced in the chapter [previously read] particularly the 3rd,
4th, and 5th verses, illustrating them with a very beautiful and striking
figure, and throwing a flood of light on the subjects brought up to
review. He then spoke to the Elders respecting their mission, and
advised those who went into the world to preach the Gospel, to leave
their families provided with the necessaries of life; and to teach the
gathering as set forth in the Holy Scripture. That it had been wisdom
for the most of the Church to keep on this side of the river, that a
foundation might be established in this place; but that now it was the
privilege of the Saints to occupy the lands in Iowa, or wherever the
Spirit might lead them. That he did not wish to have any political
influence, but wished the Saints to use their political franchise to the
best of their knowledge.
He then stated that since Elder Hyde had been appointed to visit the
Jews, he had felt an impression that it would be well for Elder John E.
Page to accompany him on his mission. It was resolved that Elder John
E. Page be appointed to accompany Elder Orson Hyde on his mission,
and that he have proper credentials given him.

It was then resolved, that as a great part of the time of the Conference
had been taken up with charges against individuals, which might have
been settled by the different authorities of the Church, that in future no
such cases be brought before the Conferences.

The Committee on ordinations reported that they had ordained thirty-

one persons to be Elders in the Church, who were ordained under the
hands of Alpheus Gifford[6] and Stephen Perry, which report was
accepted.

Fredrick G. Williams presented himself on the stand, and humbly

asked forgiveness for his conduct, [while in Missouri], and expressed
his determination to do the will of God in the future. His case was
presented to the Conference by President Hyrum Smith, when it was
unanimously

Resolved,

That Fredrick G. Williams be forgiven, and be received into the

fellowship of the Church.

It was reported that seventy-five persons had been baptized during the
Conference, and that upwards of fifty had been received into the
quorum of Seventies.

President Hyrum Smith dismissed the assembly. After he had made a

few observations, the Conference was closed, under the blessings of
the Presidency, until the first Friday in October next.

Joseph Smith, Jun.,

President.
 Footnotes:

1. This is the record of a very important action. The law of consecration and
stewardship, with which the action deals, was given to the church by
revelation (Doc. and Cov. sec. xlii). Its fundamental principle is the
recognition of God as the possessor of all things, the earth and the fullness
thereof. It is His by right of proprietorship. He created it and sustains it by
His power. This recognized, it follows that whatsoever man possesses in it,
he holds as a stewardship merely. These principles the Saints were called
upon to recognize and act under in the establishment of Zion in Missouri;
and apparently the Saints in Iowa were disposed to undertake the same
order of things in the settlement they were then making, until stopped by
the Prophet. The action of the Prophet in this instance demonstrates the
elasticity in church government, and law. The Lord, who commanded to
move forward, may also command a halt. He who said take neither purse
nor scrip when going to preach the Gospel (Matt. x:10) may later say, under
other circumstances, "He that hath a purse let him take it, and likewise his
scrip" (Luke xxii:35, 36). So, too, in other matters. The Lord commanded
the colony of Lehi that there should no man among them "have save it be
but one wife, and concubines ye shall have none;" yet reserved the right to
command His people otherwise should the accomplishment of His purposes
require it. (Book of Mormon, Jacob ii:24-30.)

2. The hymn was composed by W. W. Phelps, and is worthy of reproduction

in extenso.

The gallant ship is under weigh

To bear me off to sea,
And yonder floats the streamer gay
That says she waits for me.
The seamen dip the ready oar,
As rippled waves oft tell,
They bear me swiftly from the shore:
My native land, farewell!

I go, not to plough the main,

To ease a restless mind,
Nor yet to toil on battle's plain,
The victor's wreath to find.
'Tis not for treasures that are hid
In mountain or in dell,
'Tis not for joys like these I bid
My native land, farewell!

I go to break the fowler's snare,

To gather Israel home;
I go the name of Christ to bear
In lands and isles unknown.
And soon my pilgrim feet shall tread
On land where errors dwell,
Whence light and truth have long since fled,
My native land, farewell!

I go, an erring child of dust,

Ten thousand foes among,
Yet on His mighty arm I trust.
Who makes the feeble strong.
My sun, my shield, forever nigh.
He will my fears dispel,
This hope supports me when I sigh,
My native land, farewell!

I go devoted to His cause,

And to His will resigned;
His presence will supply the loss
Of all I leave behind.
His promise cheers the sinking heart
And lights the darkest cell,
To exiled pilgrims grace imparts;
My native land, farewell!

I go, it is my Master's call,

He's made my duty plain,
No danger can the heart appall
When Jesus stoops to reign.
 And now the vessel's side we've made,
The sails their bosoms swell.
Thy beauties in the distance fade,
My native land, farewell!

3. It is said that he never had the ague afterwards.

4. To the office of High Priest is what is meant; Seventies, of course, hold

the Melchisedek or High Priesthood.

5. See Introduction to Volume III History of the Church, where retribution

on Missouri is considered at length.

6. Alpheus Gifford was born in Adams township, Berkshire County,

Massachusetts, August 28, 1793. At the age of eighteen, having scarcely
sufficient learning to enable him to read the Bible, he commenced
preaching the Gospel, not for hire, but for the salvation of souls. In 1817, he
married Anna Nash, who bore him seven sons and three daughters. In the
spring of 1831, hearing of the doctrines taught by Joseph Smith he made
diligent inquiry and found they were scriptural and was baptized and
ordained a priest; he brought home five books of Mormon which he
distributed among his friends; he was then living in Tioga County,
Pennsylvania. Soon after he went to Kirtland, Ohio, to see the Prophet
Joseph Smith and the brethren, when he was ordained an elder; he was
accompanied by his brother Levi, Elial Strong, Eleazer Miller, Enos Curtis,
and Abraham Brown, who were baptized. On returning to Pennsylvania he
preached and baptized many, among whom was Heber C. Kimball. The
gifts of the Gospel were enjoyed by many, signs followed those who
believed; devils were cast out; the sick were healed; many prophesied; some
spake with new tongues; while others interpreted the same. Mr. Calvin
Gilmour, with whom Brother Gifford had previously been associated in
preaching, heard him speak in tongues and interpret. Gilmour declared he
understood the languages and that they were interpreted correctly, and that
he knew Gifford had no classical learning; but that he would rather be
damned than believe in Mormonism.

In June 1832, Brother Gifford started for Missouri; traveled to Cincinnati

and wintered there with a few saints who bad been baptized by Lyman
Wight. He arrived in Jackson county, Missouri, in March, 1833, where he
preached extensively; he was driven with the Saints from that county in the
fall of that year. He removed to Clay county, enduring the persecution
incident upon settling in, and final expulsion from, the same. He went to
Kirtland, Ohio, and attended the dedication of the Temple and received the
ordinances there administered. He returned to Missouri and was driven with
the Saints to Far West, Caldwell county. In the winter of 1839, he was
driven from Missouri. He located in the Morley settlement near Lima,
Illinois, and subsequently five miles above Nauvoo, where he died
December 25, 1841. (Addenda, Ms. Church History, Book "C" 2. Also page
404.)
 CHAPTER VI.
Development of the Work in England—The
Palestine Mission—Post-Office Name
Changed from Commerce to Nauvoo.

April 7.—The brethren [President Brigham Young, et al.] found Elder John
Taylor, who, in company with Joseph Fielding, had recently built up a
branch of twenty-eight members in Liverpool.

April 8.—President Brigham Young and company went to Elder Richards',

at Preston, by railway; when they arrived there, they had not a single
sixpence left. So emaciated was President Young at this time from his long
sickness, and journey, that when Elder Richards returned home this day
from a mission to Clitheroe, and found him in his room, he did not know
him.

Letter of Hon. Richard M. Young to Elias Higbee.

Washington City, April 9, 1840.

Judge Elias Higbee:

Dear Sir:—Having a private opportunity, by Judge Snow, of Quincy, I

have sent you two receipts, one for $50, and the other for $90, making
together $140, to Mr. E. I. Philips, cashier of the branch of the State
Bank of Illinois, at Quincy. When it is convenient for you to make
payment, will you have the goodness to send the money to Mr. Philips,
who is instructed to receive it, and apply it towards the payment of a
note of mine in that bank.

I received a letter from Mr. Rigdon a few days ago. It was mailed in
Philadelphia, but was dated on the inside in New Jersey. His health is
gradually but slowly improving, and he thinks he will set out for home
 some time in May. He wished a small sum of money, $40, deposited in
one of the banks here, for a gentleman in Buffalo, New York, which I
have attended to according to his direction and request. I also informed
him, if he stood in need of more, to call on me and it would give me
pleasure to accommodate him; so you need not be uneasy on that
score.

Nothing new has transpired since you left us, with the exception of the
death of one of the Connecticut Senators, Mr. Thadeus Betts, who died
yesterday. His funeral took place today, hence no business was
transacted in the Senate. We have also lost the Cumberland Road Bill
by a final vote in the Senate, 20 voting for and 22 against it; one single
vote from the majority would have saved it, by making a tie. The Vice-
President was exceedingly anxious for the opportunity of getting the
casting vote in its favor. Mr. Clay, of Kentucky, made a speech against
and voted throughout against it. Grundy, of Tennessee, Wright of New
York, and Buchanan of Pennsylvania, three of the leading Democrats
in the Senate voted for it. There were but seven Whigs who voted for
it, and thirteen Democrats. I think we will adjourn about the first or
second Monday in June.

I received from Mr. Rigdon the Petition and papers in relation to a

change of postmaster at Commerce, with an affidavit from Doctor
Galland, all of which have been laid before the proper department. As
soon as I get an answer, it shall be communicated to you. Don't forget
to have the Times and Seasons sent to me. Give my respects to Rev.
Joseph Smith, and accept for yourself my best wishes for your
happiness.

Yours, etc.,

Richard M. Young.

In the Times and Seasons of this month is a prospectus for

publishing at Nauvoo, a weekly paper, to be called The News. The News.
[1]

Orson Hyde's Credentials as a Missionary to Palestine.

To all people unto whom these presents shall come, Greeting—

Be it known that we, the constituted authorities of the Church of Jesus

Christ of Latter-day Saints, assembled in Conference at Nauvoo,
Hancock county, and state of Illinois, on the sixth day of April, in the
year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and forty, considering an
important event at hand, an event involving the interest and fate of the
Gentile nations throughout the world—from the signs of the times and
from declarations contained in the oracles of God, we are forced to
come to this conclusion. The Jewish nations have been scattered
abroad among the Gentiles for a long period; and in our estimation, the
time of the commencement of their return to the Holy Land has
already arrived. As this scattered and persecuted people are set among
the Gentiles as a sign unto them of the second coming of the Messiah,
and also of the overthrow of the present kingdoms and governments of
the earth, by the potency of His Almighty arm in scattering famine and
pestilence like the frosts and snows of winter, and sending the sword
with nation against nation to bathe it in each other's blood; it is highly
important, in our opinion, that the present views and movements of the
Jewish people be sought after and laid before the American people, for
their consideration, their profit and their learning.

And feeling it to be our duty to employ the most efficient means in our
power to save the children of men from "the abomination that maketh
desolate," we have, by the counsel of the Holy Spirit, appointed Elder
Orson Hyde, the bearer of these presents, a faithful and worthy
minister of Jesus Christ, to be our Agent and Representative in foreign
lands, to visit the cities of London, Amsterdam, Constantinople, and
Jerusalem; and also other places that he may deem expedient; and
converse with the priests, rulers, and elders of the Jews, and obtain
from them all the information possible, and communicate the same to
some principal paper for publication, that it may have a general
circulation throughout the United States.

As Mr. Hyde has willingly and cheerfully accepted the appointment to

become our servant and the servant of the public in distant and foreign
countries, for Christ's sake, we do confidently recommend him to all
 religious and Christian people, and to gentlemen and ladies making no
profession, as a worthy member of society, possessing much zeal to
promote the happiness of mankind, fully believing that they will be
forward to render him all the pecuniary aid he needs to accomplish this
laborious and hazardous mission for the general good of the human
family.

Ministers of every denomination upon whom Mr. Hyde shall call, are
requested to hold up his hands, and aid him by their influence, with an
assurance that such as do this shall have the prayers and blessings of a
poor and afflicted people, whose blood has flowed to test the depths of
their sincerity and to crimson the face of freedom's soil with martyr's
blood.

Mr. Hyde is instructed by this Conference to transmit to this country

nothing but simple facts for publication, entirely disconnected with
any peculiar views of theology, leaving each class to make their own
comments and draw their own inferences.

Given under our hands at the time and place before mentioned.

Joseph Smith, Jun., Chairman.

Robert B. Thompson, Clerk.

Sunday, 12.—Several of the Twelve bore their public testimony to the

Gospel in the Cock Pit, Preston.

The High Council of Nauvoo met at my house, when I proposed that

Brother Hyrum Smith go east with Oliver Granger to settle some business
transactions of the Church which the Council sanctioned; and voted, "that
President Joseph Smith, Jun., make the necessary credentials for Oliver
Granger and Hyrum Smith."

Monday, 13.—From the second of October, 1839, to this date,

there have been one hundred and forty-five shocks of Earthquakes.
earthquake in Scotland, reported by Mr. Milne to the Royal
Society of Edinburgh. Some of these shocks were sufficient to alter the
natural levels of the ground more than two degrees, and some witnesses
thought four degrees, and caused houses to rock like boats on the sea.

Tuesday, 14.—A council of the Twelve, namely, Brigham

Young, Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Ordination of
Wilford Woodruff, George A. Smith and John Taylor, was Willard
Richards to the
held at the house of Elder Willard Richards, in Preston,
Apostleship.
England, when the latter was ordained to the Apostleship,—
agreeably to the revelation,—by President Young, under the
hands of the quorum present. Other business was transacted, as also on the
following days, all of which may be seen by reference to President Young's
letter of the 17th instant.

Wednesday, 15.—Elder Orson Hyde left Commerce for Jerusalem.

Thursday, 16.—Elder Orson Hyde met with John E. Page at Lima.

Letter of Brigham Young to the Saints of the United States—Affairs of

the British Mission.

Preston, England, April 17, 1840.

To the Saints in the United States of America: For the comfort of the
Church in general, in that country, I attempt to address a few lines to
you, to let you know where we are, and what we are doing in this
country.

The work of the Lord is progressing here, and has been ever since
Elders Orson Hyde and H. C. Kimball left this country. According to
the account that the Elders give of their labors, there have been about
eight or nine hundred persons baptized since they left. The Gospel is
spreading, the devils are roaring. As nigh as I can learn, the priests are
howling, the tares are binding up, the wheat is gathering, nations are
trembling, and kingdoms tottering; "men's hearts failing them for fear,
and for looking for those things that are coming on the earth." The
poor among men are rejoicing in the Lord, and the meek do increase
their joy. The hearts of the wicked do wax worse and worse, deceiving
and being deceived.
But I rejoice that I am counted worthy to be one of the number to carry
salvation to the poor and meek of the earth. Brethren, I want to say
many things, but I shall not have room on this paper, as I design giving
the minutes of our conference below.

After a long and tedious voyage of 28 days on the water, we landed in

Liverpool, Elders Heber C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt,
George A. Smith, Reuben Hedlock, were in the company. We rejoiced
in the Lord, and when we cast our minds upon the Saints in that
country, [the United States] we could, by faith participate in their joys,
realizing they were met in conference, it being the 6th day of April. We
soon found a room that we could have to ourselves, which made our
solemn assembly glorious. We blest each other and prepared for our
labor. The next day we found Elder Taylor in the city. There had been
about thirty baptized. On Wednesday went to Preston; met with the
church on Sunday, and bore testimony to the things the Lord is doing
in these last day's. President Joseph Fielding gave out an appointment
for a conference for the church on Wednesday, the 15th.

At a council of the Twelve, held in Preston, England, on the 14th of

April, 1840, it being the 9th day of the 1st month of the 11th year of
the rise of the Church of Jesus Christ, Elders Brigham Young, Heber
C. Kimball, Parley P. Pratt, Orson Pratt, Wilford Woodruff, John
Taylor and George A. Smith, being present, Elder Brigham Young was
called to preside, and Elder John Taylor chosen secretary.

The council was opened by prayer by Elder Brigham Young. Elder

Willard Richards was ordained to the office of an Apostle, and
received into the quorum of the Twelve by unanimous vote, according
to previous revelation. Elder Brigham Young was unanimously chosen
as the President of the Twelve.[2]

Resolved, that he who acts as the secretary of the quorum, shall

prepare the minutes of the conference of the quorum, and deposit them
in the hands of the president for keeping.

Moved by Elder Kimball, and seconded by Elder Richards, that twenty

of the Seventies be sent for, and that it be left discretionary with the
President of the Twelve to send for more if he think proper.
Conference adjourned. Benediction by Elder Kimball.

At a general conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day

Saints, held in the Temperance Hall, Preston, Lancashire, England, on
the 15th of April, 1840, President Joseph Fielding called upon Elder
Kimball to preside, and Elder William Clayton was chosen clerk, it
being the 10th day of the 1st month of the 11th year of the rise of the
Church.

The meeting was opened by singing, and prayer by Elder Kimball.

Elder Kimball then called upon the Elders to represent the different
branches of the Church. Elder Joseph Fielding represented the church
in Preston, consisting of about three hundred members, seven Elders,
eight Priests, six Teachers, and two Deacons. Elder Peter Melling
represented the church in Penworthan, consisting of seventy-three
members, three Elders, one Priest, two Teachers. John Jackson
represented the church at Southport, consisting of twenty members,
one Priest, and one Teacher. Elder John Moon represented the church
at Danbers Lane, and neighborhood—members generally in good
standing, consisting of fifty-four members, one Elder, two Priests,
three Teachers. Richard Benson, represented the church at Hunter's
Hill and neighborhood, consisting of seventeen members, one Elder,
one Priest, one Teacher.

Elder Amos Fielding, represented the church at Bolton, consisting of

sixty members, one Elder, two Priests, two Teachers. Elder Amos
Fielding represented the church at Heskin, consisting of three
members, one Elder. Elder Amos Fielding represented the Church at
Radcliff, consisting of ten members. Elder Withnal represented the
church at Whittle, consisting of eighteen members, one Elder, four
Priests. Elder Francis Clark represented the church at Ribchester,
consisting of twenty-five members, two Elders, one Priest. Elder
Thomas Richardson represented the church at Burnley, consisting of
twenty four members, generally in good standing, one Priest, one
Teacher. Elder Francis Moon represented the church at Blackburn,
consisting of fifteen members, one Priest. Elder James Smithies
represented the church at Chardgley and Thornley, consisting of
twenty-nine members, two Elders, one Priest, one Teacher, one
Deacon.

Priest John Ellison represented the church at Waddington, consisting of

fifty members, two Priests, two Teachers, one Deacon. Elder Thomas
Smith represented the church at Clitheroe, consisting of twenty-seven
members, one Elder, three Priests. Elder Thomas Smith represented the
church at Catburn, consisting of eighty-four members, one Elder, two
Priests, two Teachers, one Deacon. Elder Thomas Smith represented
the church at Downham, consisting of twenty members, one Teacher,
one Deacon.

Elder Thomas Smith represented the church at Gridleton, consisting of

five members. Elder William Clayton represented the church at
Manchester, consisting of two hundred and forty members, three
Elders, five Priests, four Teachers, one Deacon. Elder William Clayton
represented the church at Stockport, consisting of forty members, one
Priest, two Teachers, one Deacon. Elder William Clayton represented
the church at Peover and Macclesfield, consisting of thirty members,
three Priests. Elder William Clayton represented the church at
Duckinfield, consisting of thirty members, one Priest. Elder William
Clayton represented the church at Altrincham, consisting of eight
members, one Priest, one Teacher. Elder William Clayton represented
the church at Middlewich, consisting of six members.

Elder David Wilding represented the church at Bury and Elton,

consisting of twelve members. Elder Wilford Woodruff represented the
church in the Potteries, consisting of one hundred and one members,
one Elder, two Priests, four Teachers, one Deacon. Elder Wilford
Woodruff represented the church at Herefordshire, consisting of one
hundred and sixty members, one Elder, two Priests; about forty of
them were Methodist preachers of the United Brethren.

Elder John Taylor represented the church at Liverpool, consisting of

twenty-eight members. Elder Joseph Fielding represented the church at
Alston, Cumberland, consisting of forty members, two Elders, two
Priests, two Teachers. Elder Willard Richards represented the church at
Brampton, consisting of thirty members, one Elder, one Priest. Elder
Willard Richards represented the church at Bedford, consisting of forty
members, one Elder, one Priest. Elder Willard Richards represented the
church at Scotland, consisting of twenty-one members, three Elders.

The meeting was then adjourned for one hour. The conference again
assembled at half-past one o'clock. Meeting opened by prayer, and
business commenced.

Elder John Moon represented the church at Layland Moss, consisting

of six members, one Priest.

Elder Willard Richards having been previously ordained into the

quorum of the Twelve, according to previous revelation, it was moved
by Elder Young, and seconded by Elder Taylor, that Elder Hyrum
Clark be appointed as a counselor to Elder Fielding, in the place of
Elder Richards; carried unanimously.

Moved by Elder Fielding, seconded by Elder Young, that a hymnbook

should be published; carried. Moved and seconded, that the publishing
of the hymn-book shall be done by the direction of the Twelve; carried.

Moved and seconded that a monthly periodical shall be published

under the direction and superintendence of the Twelve, for the benefit
and information of the Church, as soon as a sufficient number of
subscribers shall be obtained; carried.

Moved and seconded that Brother John Blazard, of Samsbury, be

ordained to the office of a Priest; carried.

Moved and seconded that Brother James Cobridge, of Thornley, be

ordained to the office of Priest; carried.

Elder Kimball then laid before the conference the importance and
propriety of ordaining a Patriarch to bestow patriarchal blessings on
the fatherless, &c.; referred to the Twelve, whose business it is to
select one, and ordain him according to the directions of the Spirit.
After various remarks and addresses given by the Elders, President
Fielding and his counselors proceeded to ordain Brothers Blazard and
Cobridge to their offices, as stated above.

Elder Kimball then called upon the clerk to read over the minutes of
the conference, which being done, they were received by the
unanimous voice of the conference.

Moved by Elder Young, and seconded by Elder Parley P. Pratt, that this
conference be adjourned until the 6th of July next, to be held in
Preston, at 10 o'clock a. m.; carried. Meeting then adjourned.

H. C. Kimball, President.

Wm. Clayton, Clerk.

Council Meeting of the Twelve in England—Hymn-Book and the

"Millennial Star" Projected.

The Council met pursuant to adjournment, April 16th, 1840. The

number of the quorum the same as on the 14th.

Moved by Elder Young, seconded by Elder Taylor, that Elder Parley P.

Pratt be chosen as the editor of the monthly periodical for the Church.

Moved by Elder Kimball, seconded by Parley P. Pratt, that a

committee of three be appointed to make a selection of hymns.

Moved by Elder Orson Pratt, and seconded by Elder Wilford

Woodruff, that Elders Brigham Young, Parley P. Pratt, and John Taylor
form the committee for that purpose.

Moved by Elder Willard Richards, seconded by Elder George A.

Smith, that the name of the paper or periodical be the Latter-day Saints
Millennial Star.

Moved by Elder Brigham Young, seconded by Elder Orson Pratt, that

the size of the paper, its plan, and price be left at the disposal of the
editor.
Moved by Elder Brigham Young, seconded by Elder Heber C.
Kimball, that the Saints receive a recommend to the Church in
America to move in small or large bodies, inasmuch as they desire to
emigrate to that new country.

Moved by Elder Brigham Young, seconded by Parley P. Pratt, that we

recommend no one to go to America that has money, without assisting
the poor according to our counsel from time to time.

Moved by Elder John Taylor, seconded by Elder Parley P. Pratt, that

the copyright of the Book of Doctrine and Covenants and the Book of
Mormon be secured as quick as possible.

Moved by Elder Woodruff, seconded by Elder Willard Richards, that

Elders Brigham Young, Heber C. Kimball, and Parley P. Pratt be the
committee to secure the copyright.

Moved by Elder Heber C. Kimball, and seconded by Elder Willard

Richards, that Elder Peter Melling be ordained an evangelical minister
[Patriarch] in Preston.

Moved by Elder Heber C. Kimball, that the Twelve meet here on the
6th of July next, seconded by Elder Wilford Woodruff; and carried.

Moved by Elder Willard Richards, and seconded by Elder Wilford

Woodruff, that the editor of the periodical keep an account of all the
receipts and expenditures connected with the printing, general
expense, &c., and the books at all times be open for the inspection of
the Council.

The above resolutions were unanimously adopted. The conference

closed by prayer.

John Taylor, Clerk.

Letter of Brigham Young to the Prophet.

To President Joseph Smith and Counselors:

 Dear Brethren:—You no doubt will have the perusal of this letter, and
minutes of our conference; this will give you an idea of what we are
doing in this country. If you see anything in or about the whole affair,
that is not right, I ask, in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ, that you
would make known unto us the mind of the Lord, and His will
concerning us. I believe that I am as willing to do the will of the Lord,
and take counsel of my brethren, and be a servant of the Church, as
ever I was in my life; but I can tell you, I would like to be with my old
friends; I like new friends, but I cannot part with my old ones for them.

Concerning the hymn-book—when we arrived here, we found the

brethren had laid by their old hymn-books, and they wanted new ones;
for the Bible, religion, and all is new to them. When I came to learn
more about carrying books into the states, or bringing them here, I
found the duties were so high that we never should want to bring
books from the states.

I request one favor of you, that is, a letter from you, that I may hear
from my friends. I trust that I will remain your friend through life and
in eternity. As ever.

Brigham Young.

April 17.—This day the Twelve blessed and drank a bottle of wine at
Penworthan, made by Mother Moon forty years before. Held a Council at
her house in the evening, and ordained Peter Melling, Patriarch.[3]

The following is the aggregate number of churches, official and private

members represented at the above Conferences, held in Preston, England:
Elders, 36; Priests, 54; Teachers, 36; Deacons, 11; members, 1,686; all
contained in 34 branches.

Saturday, 18.—Elders Young, Woodruff, and George A. Smith went to

Burslem, and Elders Kimball and Richards to Chaidgley.

Sunday, 19.—The High Council voted to meet at my office every Saturday

at two in the afternoon.
Monday, 20.—Elders Young and Woodruff went to
Wolverhampton. About this time Elder Orson Pratt went to Mission
Edinburgh, Scotland. Elder Taylor returned to Liverpool. Opened in
Scotland—
Orson Pratt.
Letter of Robert Johnstone to Senator Young—Postoffice
Name Changed from Commerce to Nauvoo.

Postoffice Department, Appointment Office,

21st April, 1830.

Sir:—I have the honor to inform you, that the Postmaster General has
this day changed the name of the postoffice at Commerce, Hancock
county, Illinois, to "Nauvoo," and appointed George W. Robinson
postmaster thereof.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

Robert Johnstone,

Second Assistant Postmaster General.

To the Hon. Richard M. Young, U.S. Senate.

Elders Young and Woodruff visited the old cathedral at Worcester on their
way to Ledbury, where they arrived this night.

Letter of Senator Young to Judge Elias Higbee—Postoffice Name, etc.

Washington City, April 22, 1840.

Dear Sir:—After your departure from this city, I received, under cover
from the Reverend Sidney Rigdon, the petition mentioned by you, for
the appointment of George W. Robinson as postmaster at Commerce.
This petition I laid before the Honorable Robert Johnstone, second
assistant postmaster general, who has appointed Mr. Robinson as
requested.
 We found, on examination of the papers, and a letter from Dr. Gallad,
that there was a request that the name of the postoffice should be
changed to that of Nauvoo, a Hebrew term, signifying a beautiful
place. Mr. Johnstone, at my instance, has changed the name
accordingly, in the supposition that it would be agreeable to the
citizens concerned. Will you please advise with the Rev. Joseph Smith
and others most immediately interested, and if the change of the name
to Nauvoo should not be acceptable, it can on application be restored
to that of Commerce.

I received a letter from Malcolm McGregor, Esq., postmaster at

Carthage, a few days ago, in which he urges the necessity of having
the mail carried twice a week, between Carthage and Nauvoo, and
expresses the opinion that the additional expenses would not exceed
one hundred and fifty dollars, as the mail is carried on horseback. I
have brought the subject before the proper department as requested by
Mr. McGregor, and hope to be able to succeed; although the Postoffice
Department, owing to pecuniary embarrassment, is not in a situation to
extend facilities at the present time.

Please present my respects to Mr. Smith, and accept for yourself my

kindest regards.

Very respectfully, &c.,

Richard M. Young.

To Judge Elias Higbee.

Wednesday, 22.—Elders Young and Woodruff organized a branch of the

Church at Frooms Hill, Herefordshire.

Thursday, 23.—Elders Kimball and Richards returned to Preston. Elder

Young visited at Moor Ends Cross, and 24th preached at Malvern Hill.
Elder Kimball went to Eccleston and continued some days visiting the
churches around Preston.
Saturday, 25.—Elder Richards went to Manchester, found the Prospectus
for the Millennial Star ready. Elder Young returned to Frooms Hill, and
stayed at Brother John Benbow's till the 30th, preaching, and writing letters
to his friends in America.

Wednesday, 29.—Elders Hyde and Page were at Quincy, Illinois.

Elder Woodruff wrote as follows:

Letter of Wilford Woodruff to Don Carlos Smith—Success of

Woodruff's Ministry.

Ledbury, Herefordshire, England,

April 29, 1840.

Elders Ebenezer Robinson and Don Carlos Smith:

Brethren:—As Elder Young is writing, I am privileged with a space of

a few lines: knowing that our friends are desirous to hear of the work
of the Lord in this land, I make the following remarks concerning the
mercy of God and my labors.

Since I last wrote you, (I wrote you a lengthy letter, dated February
27th, in which I gave you an account of my travels, voyage, and labors
from the time I left Montrose unto the date of my letter, which I trust
you have received,) I continued laboring in Staffordshire until the first
of March, when I felt it to be the will of the Lord that I should go more
to the south part of England. I left the care of the Staffordshire church
in the hands of Elder Turley, and traveled eighty miles south, in a
region where the word had not been preached. I commenced preaching
near Ledbury, Herefordshire; this is about forty miles from Bristol,
forty from Birmingham, fourteen from Worcester, one hundred and
twenty from London. As soon as I began to teach, many received my
testimony. I there preached one month and five days, and baptized the
superintendent of the church of the United Brethren, a branch of the
Methodist church, and with him 45 preachers, mostly of the same
order; and about 114 members, making 160 in all. This put into my
 hands, or under my care, more than forty established places of
preaching, licensed according to law, including one or two chapels.
This opened a large field for the spread of the work in this country.

Among the number baptized are some of most all churches and classes
as well as preachers. There is one constable, and one clerk of the
Church of England, with numbers of their members. But in the midst
of my labors I received a letter stating that the Twelve had just arrived
and wished me to come to Preston, and meet with them in conference.
Consequently I traveled 160 miles to Preston and was once more
permitted to strike hands with my brethren from America, and sit in
conference with them, the minutes of which you have.

After conference I returned to Herefordshire in company with Elder

Brigham Young. We have again commenced our labors here, and there
will be many baptized in this region. I have now more than 200 on my
list, and scores are now waiting for an opportunity to receive the
ordinance of baptism; and the work is progressing in all parts of this
country where it is faithfully proclaimed. I understand that Elders
Wright and Mulliner are opening some permanent doors in Scotland;
and we have many calls through many parts of this country, even more
than we are able to fill.

I desire the prayers of the Saints; that I may have wisdom and grace
according to my day, and do the work of God in meekness and
humility.

Wilford Woodruff.

Thursday, 30.—Elders Young, Woodruff, and Richards met at Elder

Kington's, at Dymock.

Letter of Elders Hyde and Page to the Prophet—Plans for the

Palestine Mission.

Columbus, May 1, 1840.

President Smith:
Sir:—The mission upon which we are sent swells greater and greater.
As there is a great work to be done in Germany, as manifested to us by
the Spirit, the following plan has been suggested to us; viz., to write a
set of lectures upon the faith and doctrine of our Church, giving a brief
history of the coming forth of the Book of Mormon, and an account of
its contents in as clear and plain a style as possible; together with the
outlines and organization and government of the Church of Latter-day
Saints, drawn from the Doctrine and Covenants with all the wisdom
and care possible; and get the same translated into German, and
publish it when we arrive in Germany, and scatter it through the
German empire. Is this correct? Should we consider it necessary to
translate the entire Book of Mormon into German, and Doctrine and
Covenants too, are we or are we not at liberty to do so? Should we
deem it necessary to publish an edition of hymn-books in any country,
are we at liberty to do it? The fact is, we need such works, and we
cannot get them from the church here; and if we could, we could not
well carry them with us, at least in any quantity.

We feel that we are acting under the direction of the Presidency of the
Church; and the reason that we make these inquiries, is, that we do not
wish to step beyond our limits, or bring ourselves into a snare and
dishonor by taking liberties that are not ours. We feel that all our
exertions and interests shall become subservient to building up the
Kingdom of God. We wish to be co-workers with you and with the
Spirit of the Lord. We did not converse so much upon these literary
works as we should have done before we left. The fact is, we did not
begin to see the greatness of our mission before we left home; our
minds were in a nutshell.

It seems to us that we should spread this work among all people,

languages and tongues, so far as possible; and gather up all jewels
among the Jews besides. Who is sufficient for these things?

As agents for the Church abroad, and as co-workers with yourself, in

spreading this kingdom to the remotest corners of the earth, are we at
liberty to translate and publish any works that we may think necessary,
or that the circumstances in which we are placed seem to require
whether original, or works published by the Church? If we are not at
liberty to take this wide range, please tell us how far we may go.

We are setting this great work before the people as an inducement to

them to help us. If we are setting our standard too high, a word from
you will bring it down. We have held a two days' meeting in this place;
but in consequence of continual rains, which swelled the creeks so
high, the people could not get to us. The meeting was four miles from
Columbus; one only baptized.

We have now an opportunity to ride as far east as Indiana, beyond the

metropolis, and have the privilege to stop and preach by the way. Will
you write to us at Cincinnati, and much oblige.

Your brethren in the Kingdom of God,

Orson Hyde,

John E. Page.

P. S.—Will you please send word to Marinda, that I want her to write
to me at Cincinnati, Ohio. Please bear it in mind and oblige thy friend.

O. H.
Friday, May 1.—The town of Baji, in the county of Baes, on the
river Danube, was almost totally destroyed by fire; about two Commotions in
thousand houses were burnt, with the palace, several churches, and the World.
all the great corn magazines; leaving about sixteen thousand
inhabitants destitute. The plague is raging in the East—at Silistria, Broussa,
Alexandria, Aleppo, &c.; and wars and rumors of wars in Spain, Mexico and
South American governments; French and Arabs in Africa, Russia and Circassia,
Egypt, England and the East Indies, and the Canada Revolution; all betoken the
fulfillment of prophecy.

Thursday, 7.—The city of Natchez was this day to a great extent destroyed, almost
in a moment, by a whirlwind, storm and tempest. It is reported that sixty boats
sunk, houses and churches blown to atoms, more than three hundred persons
killed, and $5,000,000 of property destroyed; nearly the whole country on the
Mississippi for 1,100 miles from its mouth is under water.

Letter of Brigham Young to the Prophet—Affairs of the British Mission.

Lugwardine, Herefordshire, England,

May 7, 1840.

Brother Joseph Smith:—Through the mercy of our heavenly Father, I am

alive and in pretty good health; better than I should have been, had I
remained in America. I trust that you and family are well, and I ask my
heavenly Father that we may live forever; but not to be chased about by
mobs, but live to enjoy each other's society in peace. I long to see the faces of
my friends again in that country once more, It is better for me to be here,
because the Lord has called me to this great work, but it is hard for me to be
parted from my old friends whom I have proved to be willing to lay down
their lives for each other. I feel as though the Lord would grant me the
privilege of sometime seeing my old friends in America. Give my best
wishes to your wife. I remember her in my prayers, and also Father and
Mother Smith. I remember the time when I first saw Mother Smith, and the
trials she had when the work of the Lord first commenced in her family. I beg
to be remembered to Brother Rigdon and family, also to Brother Hyrum and
family, and to all the faithful in Christ.

The brethren that have come from America are all well and doing well. I
want to ask some questions. Shall we print the Book of Mormon in this
country immediately? They are calling for it from every quarter. The duties
are so high on books, we need not think of bringing them from America.
Another question, is the Book of Doctrine and Covenants to be printed just as
it is now, to go to the nations of the earth; and shall we give it to them as
quickly as we can? Or what shall we do? Will the Twelve have to be together
to do business as a quorum? Or shall they do business in the name of the
Church? Why I ask this is for my own satisfaction; if the Lord has a word for
us, for one I am willing to receive it.

I wish you to write as soon as you receive this, and let me know about the
Book of Mormon, whether we shall proceed to publish it immediately or not,
or whether we shall do according to our feelings. If I should act according to
my feelings, I should hand the Book of Mormon to this people as quickly as I
could. The people are very different in this country from what the Americans
are. They say it cannot be possible that men should leave their homes and
come so far, unless they were truly the servants of the Lord; they do not seem
to understand argument; simple testimony is enough for them; they beg and
plead for the Book of Mormon, and were it not for the priests, the people
would follow after the servants of the Lord and inquire what they should do
to be saved. The priests feel just as they did in the days of the Savior. If they
let "this sect alone, all men will believe on them, and the Romans will come
and take away our place and nation."

I wish you would tell me how Cousin Lemuel gets along with his business,
and all the boys on the half-breed track, and the whole breed. I think a great
deal about our friends, families, and possessions. I look for the time when the
Lord will speak so that the hearts of the rebellious will be pierced. You will
remember the words of the Savior to His disciples; He says, to you is given
to know the mysteries of the kingdom of heaven, but to them that are
without, all things are in parables.

The brethren here are very anxious to emigrate to that country; some want to
come this fall: where shall they go? Their customs are different from ours,
and it would be more pleasant for them to settle by themselves. Almost
without exception it is the poor that receive the Gospel. I think there will be
some [who will go] over this fall. My counsel to such as intend to go is, that
they go to the western states, where they can live among the farmers and wait
for orders from the authorities of the Church, and all will be well.

You must excuse my bad writing. I have only caught at ideas. I want to know
about the brethren's coming over this fall. I think some of us will come. We
 shall send our papers to you, and to a number of the rest of the brethren. I
wish you would have the goodness to give me a pretty general knowledge of
the Church, for I feel for them, and pray for them continually. We need help
very much in this country. One American can do more here than a number of
Elders who are raised up here by the preaching of the Gospel. We have sent
for some to come. I wish you would encourage them to come as quickly as
they can.

If we could go four ways at a time, we could not fill all the calls we have for
preaching. I shall expect such counsel from you about the Elders coming as
you shall think necessary for us and them to have. I wish to know what the
prospect is about the government's doing anything for us. When we left New
York I thought there was but a poor chance for us.

Concerning calling Seventies and sending them to other countries, I should

like to know whether it would be proper to ordain them to that office or not
while here. Had any of us better come back this fall? I suppose that some that
come over with us will return; Brothers Clark and Hedlock, and Brother
Turley if the latter gets at liberty. I suppose you have heard that he is in
prison. He has been there ever since my arrival in England, and how long he
will remain the Lord only knows. He was put there through the influence of a
priest, as nigh as I can learn, for some old pretended claim, but no one can
find out what that claim is.

I have just met with Brother Woodruff; he tells me that the Church in this
region of country numbers between three and four hundred; it is only about
three months since Brother Woodruff commenced to labor here. I have just
received a letter from Brother Turley, which states he expects to leave his
place the next day. Brother Woodruff sends his respects.

I am as ever,

Brigham Young.

Saturday, 9.—Elder Theodore Turley was released from Stafford

jail, where he had been confined since his arrest on the 16th of Release of Elder
March last, at the instigation of John Jones, a Methodist preacher, Turley from
prison.
on the pretense of a claim arising under a partnership with another
man fifteen years ago, before he left England; but the real object
was to stop his preaching. He was without provisions for several days, but the
poor Saints in the Potteries, on learning his condition, supplied his wants, some of
the sisters actually walking upwards of twenty miles to relieve him. He preached
several times to the debtors, was visited by Elders Woodruff, Richards, George A.
Smith, A. Cordon, and others, and was dismissed from prison on his persecutors
ascertaining their conduct was about to be exposed. This rather encouraged than
disheartened the Elders, as I had told them on their leaving Nauvoo, to be of good
courage, for some of them would have to look through grates before their return.

Thursday, 14.—The papers of this date report that the island of Ternate[4] was
nearly ruined by earthquakes on the 14th and 15th February, 1840.

Letter of the Prophet to Elders Hyde and Page—Palestine Mission

Considered.

Nauvoo, Hancock County, Illinois, May 14th, 1840.

To Orson Hyde and John E. Page:

Dear Brethren:—I am happy in being informed by your letter that your

mission swells "larger and larger." It is a great and important mission, and
one that is worthy those intelligences who surround the throne of Jehovah to
be engaged in. Although it appears great at present, yet you have but just
begun to realize the greatness, the extent and glory of the same. If there is
anything calculated to interest the mind of the Saints, to awaken in them the
finest sensibilities, and arouse them to enterprise and exertion, surely it is the
great and precious promises made by our heavenly Father to the children of
Abraham; and those engaged in seeking the outcasts of Israel, and the
dispersed of Judah, cannot fail to enjoy the Spirit of the Lord and have the
choicest blessings of Heaven rest upon them in copious effusions.

Brethren, you are in the pathway to eternal fame, and immortal glory: and
inasmuch as you feel interested for the covenant people of the Lord, the God
of their fathers shall bless you. Do not be discouraged on account of the
greatness of the work; only be humble and faithful, and then you can say,
"What art thou, O great mountain! before Zerubbabel shalt thou be brought
down." He who scattered Israel has promised to gather them; therefore
inasmuch as you are to be instrumental in this great work, He will endow you
with power, wisdom, might, and intelligence, and every qualification
necessary; while your minds will expand wider and wider, until you can
circumscribe the earth and the heavens, reach forth into eternity, and
contemplate the mighty acts of Jehovah in all their variety and glory.
 In answer to your inquiries respecting the translation and publication of the
Book of Mormon, hymn-book, history of the Church, &c., &c., I would say
that I entirely approve of the same, and give my consent, with the exception
of the hymn book, as a new edition, containing a greater variety of hymns,
will be shortly published or printed in this place, which I think will be a
standard work. As soon as it is printed, you shall have some sent to you,
which you may get translated, and printed into any language you please.

Should we not be able to send some to you, and there should be a great call
for hymn books where you may be, then I should have no objection to your
publishing the present one. Were you to publish the Book of Mormon,
Doctrine and Covenants, or hymn-book, I desire the copyrights of the same
to be secured in my name.

With respect to publishing any other work, either original, or those which
have been published before, you will be governed by circumstances; if you
think necessary to do so, I shall have no objection whatever. It will be well to
study plainness and simplicity in whatever you publish, "for my soul
delighteth in plainness."

I feel much pleased with the spirit of your letter—and be assured, dear
brethren, of my hearty co-operation, and my prayers for your welfare and
success. In answer to your inquiry in a former letter, relative to the duty of
the Seventies in regulating churches, &c., I say that the duties of the
Seventies are more particularly to preach the Gospel, and build up churches,
rather than regulate them, that a High Priest may take charge of them. If a
High Priest should be remiss in his duty, and should lead, or suffer the church
to be led astray, depart from the ordinances of the Lord, then it is the duty of
one of the Seventies, acting under the special direction of the Twelve, being
duly commissioned by them with their delegated authority, to go to the
church, and if agreeable to a majority of the members of said church, to
proceed to regulate and put in order the same; otherwise, he can have no
authority to act.

Joseph Smith, Jun.

Friday, 15.

Letter of Willard Richards to the Editor of the Millennial Star—Reporting

Labors.
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