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Shaaban Khalil and Stefano Moretti

Supersymmetry Beyond
Minimality: From Theory to
Experiment
CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300
Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742

© 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Names: Khalil, Shaaban, author. | Moretti, Stefano, 1966- author.

Title: Supersymmetry beyond minimality : from theory to experiment / Shaaban
Khalil and Stefano Moretti.
Description: Boca Raton, FL : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group, [2018] |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2016059352| ISBN 9781498756730 (hardback ; alk. paper) |
ISBN 1498756735 (hardback ; alk. paper) | ISBN 9781315367903 (e-book) |
ISBN 1315367904 (e-book)
Subjects: LCSH: Supersymmetry. | Symmetry (Physics)
Classification: LCC QC174.17.S9 K42 2017 | DDC 539.7/25--dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016059352

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This page intentionally left blank
 To our families
For the memory of those who have left
For the support from those who are here
Contents

List of Figures xv

List of Tables xxv

Preamble xxix

Preface xxxi

Foreword xxxv

Acronyms xxxix

Section I MSSM Construction

Chapter 1  Introduction to Supersymmetry 3

1.1 MOTIVATIONS FOR SUSY 3
1.2 WHAT IS SUSY? 7
1.3 SUSY ALGEBRA 9
1.4 REPRESENTATION OF THE SUSY ALGEBRA 12
1.5 SUPERSPACE AND SUPERFIELDS 14
1.6 CONSTRAINED SUPERFIELDS 16
1.6.1 Chiral superfields 16
1.6.2 Vector superfields 18
1.6.3 Linear superfields 19

Chapter 2  SUSY Lagrangians 21

2.1 THE WZ MODEL 21
2.2 CHIRAL SUPERFIELD LAGRANGIAN 23
2.3 SUSY ABELIAN GAUGE THEORY 25
2.4 SUSY NON-ABELIAN GAUGE THEORY 27
2.5 SUSY QED 29

vii
viii  Contents

2.6 THE U (1) FAYET-ILIOPOULOS MODEL 30

2.7 NON-RENORMALISATION THEOREM 31

Chapter 3  Supersymmetry Breaking 33

3.1 SPONTANEOUS SUSY BREAKING 33
3.2 GOLDSTONE THEOREM FOR SUSY 34
3.3 F -TERM INDUCED SUSY BREAKING 35
3.4 D-TERM INDUCED SUSY BREAKING 37
3.5 SOFT SUSY BREAKING 39

Chapter 4  Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model 41

4.1 MSSM STRUCTURE 41
4.2 GAUGE COUPLING UNIFICATION IN THE MSSM 47
4.3 RADIATIVE EWSB 49
4.4 RGE ANALYSIS 53

Chapter 5  MSSM Mass Spectrum and Interactions 57

5.1 SUPERSYMMETRIC PARTICLES IN THE MSSM 57
5.1.1 Gluinos 57
5.1.2 Charginos 58
5.1.3 Neutralinos 59
5.1.4 Squarks 60
5.1.5 Sleptons 63
5.2 MSSM INTERACTION LAGRANGIAN 65
5.2.1 Strong interactions in the MSSM 65
5.2.2 EW interactions in the MSSM 66
5.3 MASS INSERTION APPROXIMATION 70

Chapter 6  Higgs Bosons in the MSSM 73

6.1 CHARGED HIGGS BOSONS 73
6.2 CP-ODD NEUTRAL HIGGS BOSONS 75
6.3 CP-EVEN NEUTRAL HIGGS BOSONS 76
6.4 RADIATIVE CORRECTIONS TO THE HIGGS BOSON MASSES 77
6.5 MSSM NEUTRAL HIGGS BOSONS PRODUCTION AT COLLIDERS 80
6.6 MSSM CHARGED HIGGS BOSON PRODUCTION AT COLLIDERS 87
6.7 MSSM NEUTRAL AND CHARGED HIGGS BOSON DECAYS 90
6.7.1 Decays into lepton and heavy quark pairs 91
 Contents  ix

6.7.2 Gluonic decay modes 92

6.7.3 Decays into photon pairs 94
6.7.4 Decays into Z boson and photon 95
6.7.5 Decays into intermediate gauge bosons 97
6.7.6 Decays into Higgs particles 97

Section II Collider Phenomenology

Chapter 7  Search for Supersymmetric Particles at the LHC 103

7.1 THE LHC PROJECT 103
7.2 THE CMS AND ATLAS EXPERIMENTS AT THE LHC 104
7.3 THE ALICE EXPERIMENT AT THE LHC 106
7.4 THE LHCb EXPERIMENT AT THE LHC 107
7.5 SUSY SEARCHES AT THE LHC 108
7.6 GLUINOS AND SQUARKS 109
7.7 STOPS 111
7.8 CHARGINOS AND NEUTRALINOS 112
7.9 SLEPTONS 114

Chapter 8  SUSY Higgs Prospects at the LHC 117

8.1 SM-LIKE HIGGS BOSON SEARCHES AT THE LHC 117
8.2 IMPLICATIONS OF THE HIGGS BOSON DISCOVERY FOR THE
MSSM 120
8.3 ENHANCED H → γγ RATE IN THE MSSM 121
8.3.1 Stau effects 123
8.3.2 Chargino effects 124
8.4 IMPLICATIONS FOR HIGGS VACUUM STABILITY 125

Chapter 9  Supersymmetric DM 129

9.1 INTRODUCTION TO DM 129
9.2 DM CANDIDATES 130
9.3 CALCULATION OF WIMP RELIC ABUNDANCE 133
9.4 NEUTRALINO DM 136
9.5 NEUTRALINO DIRECT DETECTION 139
9.6 NEUTRALINO INDIRECT DETECTION 141
9.6.1 PAMELA, ATIC, FERMI and HESS Anomalies 142
9.7 DM SEARCHES AT THE LHC 145
x  Contents

Section III SUSY CP and Flavour

Chapter 10  CP Violation in Supersymmetric Models 149

10.1 CP VIOLATION IN THE SM 149
10.2 CP VIOLATION IN THE MSSM 152
10.3 ELECTRIC DIPOLE MOMENTS AND SUSY CP PROBLEM 153
10.3.1 SM contributions to EDMs 155
10.3.2 SUSY contribution to EDMs 156
10.4 METHODS FOR EDM SUPPRESSION 159
10.5 MASS INSERTION APPROXIMATION AND EDM CONSTRAINTS 163

Chapter 11  SUSY CP Violation in K Mesons 167

11.1 FLAVOUR VIOLATION IN THE MSSM 167
11.2 SUSY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ∆S = 2 168
11.2.1 Basic formalism 168
11.2.2 SM contribution 170
11.2.3 Gluino contribution 171
11.2.4 Chargino contribution 173
11.3 SUSY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ∆S = 1 176
11.3.1 Basic formalism 176
11.3.2 SM contribution 177
11.3.3 Gluino contribution 178
11.3.4 Chargino contribution 179

Chapter 12  SUSY CP Violation in B Mesons 181

12.1 SUSY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ∆B = 2 181
12.1.1 Gluino contribution 182
12.1.2 Chargino contribution 184
12.2 SUSY CONTRIBUTIONS TO ∆B = 1 186
12.2.1 Chargino contribution 189
12.2.2 Gluino contribution 192
12.3 SUSY CONTRIBUTIONS TO CP ASYMMETRY OF B MESONS 193
12.3.1 CP asymmetry in B → φKS 194
0
12.3.2 CP asymmetry in B → η KS 196
 Contents  xi

Section IV MSSM Extensions

Chapter 13  Neutrino Masses in Supersymmetric Models and Seesaw Mech-

anisms 201
13.1 NEUTRINO MASSES 201
13.2 SEESAW MECHANISMS 202
13.2.1 Type I/II/III 202
13.2.2 Inverse and linear seesaw 205
13.3 R-PARITY VIOLATING SCENARIO 207
13.4 SUPERSYMMETRIC SEESAW MODEL 209
13.5 LEPTON FLAVOUR VIOLATION 211

Chapter 14  Minimal Gauge Extensions of the MSSM 215

14.1 SEESAW MODELS WITH U (1)R × U (1)B−L GAUGE SECTOR 215
14.1.1 Superpotential 216
14.1.2 Soft-breaking terms 217
14.1.3 Symmetry breaking 217
14.1.4 Particle mixing 218
14.1.5 Free parameters 218
14.2 SEESAW MODELS WITH U (1)Y × U (1)B−L GAUGE SECTOR 218
14.2.1 Free parameters 222
14.3 THE BLSSM 222
14.3.1 The BLSSM with Type I seesaw 222
14.3.1.1 Particle content and superpotential 222
14.3.1.2 Gauge kinetic mixing 222
14.3.1.3 Tadpole equations 224
14.3.1.4 Gauge boson mixing 226
14.3.1.5 Neutralinos 227
14.3.1.6 Charginos and sfermions 228
14.3.1.7 Boundary conditions at the GUT scale 228
14.3.2 The BLSSM with Inverse Seesaw 229
14.3.2.1 Constructing the model 230
14.3.2.2 Radiative B − L symmetry breaking 231
14.3.2.3 The Z 0 gauge boson 233
14.3.2.4 Sneutrino masses 233
0
14.3.3 Search for a BLSSM Z 234
xii  Contents

14.3.3.1 Visible Z 0 decays 234

0
14.3.3.2 Invisible Z decays 238
14.3.4 DM in the BLSSM 239
14.4 THE ESSM 241
0
14.4.1 Z and exotica phenomenology at the LHC 245

Chapter 15  Higgs Extensions 249

15.1 THE µ PROBLEM OF THE MSSM 249
15.2 THE MSSM WITH AN EXTRA SINGLET 249
15.3 THE PQ SYMMETRY 250
15.4 THE NMSSM 251
15.5 THE nMSSM 252
15.6 THE HIGGS SECTOR OF THE NMSSM, nMSSM AND ESSM 253
15.6.1 Radiative corrections 256
15.6.2 Numerical results 259
15.7 THE HIGGS SECTOR OF THE BLSSM 261
15.8 PHENOMENOLOGY OF EXTENDED HIGGS MODELS 265

Section V SUSY Breaking From Underlying Theory

Chapter 16  Gravity Mediation SUSY Breaking 273

16.1 MEDIATION OF SUSY BREAKING 273
16.2 INTRODUCTION TO SUGRA 274
16.3 SPONTANEOUS SUSY BREAKING IN SUGRA 278
16.4 SOFT SUSY BREAKING TERMS 278
16.5 mSUGRA 279
16.6 NO-SCALE SUGRA 280
16.7 AMSB 281

Chapter 17  Gauge Mediation SUSY Breaking 283

17.1 MINIMAL GAUGE MEDIATION SUSY BREAKING 283
17.2 GMSB PHENOMENOLOGY 286
17.3 NEXT-TO-LIGHTEST SUSY PARTICLE 288
17.4 THE µ PROBLEM IN GMSB 289

Chapter 18  SUSY Breaking in String Theory 291

18.1 AN OVERVIEW OF STRING THEORY 291
 Contents  xiii

18.2 STRING COMPACTIFICATION 297

18.3 GAUGINO CONDENSATION 299
18.4 SOFT SUSY BREAKING TERMS FROM SUPERSTRING THEORY 301
18.4.1 Dilaton-dominated SUSY breaking 302
18.4.2 Orbifold compactification 303
18.5 SUSY BREAKING AND FLUX COMPACTIFICATION 304
18.6 SUSY BREAKING IN A LARGE VOLUME SCENARIO 308

Epilogue 313

Appendix A  Two-Dimensional Component Spinors 315

Appendix B  Renormalisation Group Equations In Complete Matrix Form 317

Appendix C  Chargino Contributions in MIA 321

Appendix D  QCD Factorisation Cofficients 325

Bibliography 327

Subject index 355

List of Figures

1.1 One-loop radiative corrections to Higgs mass in the SM. 4

4.1 Higgsino contribution to the triangle anomaly. 42

4.2 Feynman diagrams of top and stop interaction vertices. 45
4.3 Proton decay to e+ and π 0 through R-parity violating terms. 46
4.4 Gauge coupling evolution in the SM (left panel) and MSSM (right
panel) with the energy scale Q assumed in GeV. 49
4.5 Downward evolution of m2Hu,d from the GUT to the EW scale. 55

6.1 Representative Feynman diagrams for the dominant MSSM neutral

Higgs production mechanisms in hadronic collisions. 81
6.2 Representative Feynman diagrams for the dominant MSSM charged
Higgs production mechanisms in hadronic collisions. 87
6.3 Typical diagrams contributing to Φ → gg at lowest order. 92
6.4 Typical diagrams contributing to Φ → γγ at lowest order. 94
6.5 Typical diagrams contributing to Φ → Zγ at lowest order. 95
6.6 Typical diagrams contributing to Higgs decays with Higgs bosons in
the final state. 98

7.1 Schematic layout of the LHC at CERN. 104

7.2 Cutaway view of the CMS detector. 105
7.3 Cutaway view of the ATLAS detector. 106
7.4 Cutaway view of the ALICE detector. 107
7.5 The setup of the LHCb detector. 108
7.6 SUSY particle production at the LHC and typical decay chain. 108
7.7 Representative diagrams for (left) gluino- and (right) squark-pair
production and their direct decays: g̃ → q q̄ χ̃0 and q̃ → q χ̃0 . 110
7.8 ATLAS exclusion limits, at 95% CL, for the cMSSM model with
tan β = 30, A0 = −2m0 and µ > 0, projected on (left) the (m0 −
m1/2 ) plane and (right) the (mg̃ − mq̃ ) plane [1]. CMS limits are
similar [2]. 110

xv
xvi  List of Figures

7.9 ATLAS exclusion limits for the gluino mass (left) and squark mass
(right) at the CoM energy of 13 TeV [3]. CMS limits are similar [4]. 111
7.10 Representative diagrams for stop pair production and decay into
bb̄ W + W − χ̃01 χ̃01 . 111
7.11 (Left) The observed 95% CL excluded regions for the t̃ → tχ̃01
decay.
(Right) The observed 95% CL excluded regions for the t̃ → bχ̃+1
decay. Both are from CMS data [5]. ATLAS results are similar. 112
7.12 ATLAS (left) and CMS (right) exclusion limits at 95% CL for direct
stop production, followed by the t̃ → tχ̃0 decay [6, 7]. 113
7.13 Representative diagrams for direct charginos/neutralinos produc-
tion and decay mediated by sleptons (left) and sneutrinos (right),
leading to leptonic final states. 114
7.14 CMS results of the three-lepton search in the flavour-democratic
signal model with the slepton/sneutrino mass given by m`˜ = mν̃ =
1
2 (mχ̃ + mχ̃ ) [8]. 114
+ 0

8.1 Signal of Higgs decaying to h → γγ discovery at CMS [9] in the left

panel and at ATLAS [10] in the right panel. 118
8.2 Signal of Higgs decaying to four charged leptons h → ZZ → 4`
discovery Higgs discovery at CMS [11] in the left panel and at AT-
LAS [10] in the right panel. 119
8.3 CMS and ATLAS results for the signal strength parameter µ ≡
σ/σSM , where σ is the production cross section times the relevant
branching fractions and σSM is the SM expectation. 120
8.4 MSSM parameter space for tan β = 10 and 50 with A0 = 0 and 2
TeV [12]. Green region corresponds to 124 <∼ mh <∼ 126 GeV. Blue
region is excluded because the lightest neutralino is not the LSP.
Pink region is excluded by EWSB conditions. Gray shadow lines
show the excluded area by mg̃ < 1.4 TeV. 121
8.5 Mass correlations of lightest chargino-lightest neutralino (left panel)
and light stop-light stau (right panel) in cMSSM after imposing the
Higgs mass and gluino mass limits. 122
8.6 κγγ (black) and κgg (green) as a function of lightest stau mass for
124 GeV < mh < 126 GeV. Taken from [13]. 124
8.7 Chargino-Higgs couplings CL and CR versus tan β for µ = M2 = 200
GeV (green line), M2 = 2µ = 300 (red line for CL and blue line for
CR ), and µ = 2M2 = 300 GeV, red line for CR and blue line for CL
(from [14]). 125
8.8 Signal strength of the di-photon channel as a function of the lightest
chargino mass for 1.1 < tan β < 5, 100 GeV < µ < 500 GeV, and
100 GeV < M2 < 500 GeV (From [14]). 126
 List of Figures  xvii

8.9 The running of scalar self coupling using a top quark mass mt =
173.2 ± 0.9 GeV and α3 (MZ ) = 0.1184 ± 0.0007. 127

9.1 Observed rotation curve of the nearby dwarf spiral galaxy M33, su-
perimposed on its optical image (from [15]). 130
9.2 Recent results by the Planck satellite on the composition of the
Universe. 131
9.3 Number density of a WIMP as a function of x = mχ /T . 135
9.4 The mass of lightest neutralino versus the purity function in the
region of parameter space allowed by gluino and Higgs mass limits. 136
9.5 Feynman diagrams contributing to early Universe neutralino (χ̃01 )
annihilation into fermions through sfermions, Z gauge boson, and
Higgs states. 137
9.6 LSP relic abundance constraints (red regions) on the (m0 , m1/2 )
plane. The LUX result is satisfied by the yellow region while
the green region indicates the 124 <
∼ mh < ∼ 126 GeV constraint.
The blue region is excluded because the lightest neutralino is not
the LSP. The pink region is excluded due to the absence of ra-
diative EWSB. The gray shadow lines denote exclusion because
mg̃ < 1.4 TeV. Taken from [12]. 138
9.7 The relic abundance versus the mass of the LSP for different values
of tan β. Red points indicate 40 ≤ tan β ≤ 50 and blue points
indicate 30 ≤ tan β < 40. All points satisfy the above-mentioned
constraints. Taken from [12]. 139
9.8 Elastic scattering of a DM particle with an atomic nucleus in a
detector. 140
9.9 Feynman diagrams contributing to neutralino (χ̃01 )-quark (q) cross
section. 140
9.10 Spin-independent scattering cross section of the LSP with a pro-
ton versus the mass of the LSP within the region allowed by all
constraints (from the LHC and relic abundance). Taken from [12]. 141
9.11 The mounic flux Γ versus mχ for ρχ = 0.3 and tan β ' 2. 142
2 −2 −1 −1
9.12 The total absolute flux in units of GeV m s sr , generated by
the DM annihilation into e+ e− (green line), µ+ µ− (black line) and
τ + τ − (red line), as a function of positron energy for mχ = 1 TeV,
for thermal averaging cross section 10−6 GeV−2 . Taken from [16]. 143
− +
9.13 The positron fraction for DM annihilation into e e (green line),
µ+ µ− (black line) and τ + τ − (red line) for DM mass mχ = 1 TeV
and thermal averaging cross section 10−6 GeV−2 . Taken from [16]. 144
9.14 Mono-jet, mono-γ and mono-Z signatures for DM at the LHC. 145
xviii  List of Figures

10.1 Experimental constraints on the ρ − η plane as obtained by the

UTfit collaboration UTfit collaboration [17]. 150
10.2 The unitarity triangle of the CKM matrix. 152
10.3 Possible two-loop SM contributions to the EDMs. 155
10.4 Leading SUSY contributions to the EDMs. The photon and gluon
lines are to be attached to the loop in all possible ways. 156
10.5 Two-loop diagram of the gluino-quark-squark contribution to EDMs. 156
10.6 EDMs as a function of φµ . Curves from up to down are for electron,
neutron and mercury EDMs, respectively. The experimental limit
is given by the horizontal line. Here tan β = 10, m0 = 500 GeV,
m1/2 = 1.5 TeV and A0 = 1 TeV. 160
10.7 EDMs as a function of the universal mass parameter m0 . Curves
from up to down are for electron, mercury and neutron EDMs, re-
spectively. The experimental limit is given by the horizontal line.
Here tan β = 10, m1/2 = A = 200 GeV and φµ = φA = π/2. 161
10.8 Phases allowed by simultaneous electron (red), neutron (blue) and
mercury (yellow) EDM cancellations in mSUGRA. Here tan β = 10,
m0 = 500 GeV and m1/2 = A0 = 1.5 TeV. 162
10.9 Bands allowed by neutron (blue) and mercury (yellow) EDM can-
cellations in the mSUGRA-type model mSUGRA with non-zero
gluino and bino phases. Here tan β = 10, m0 = 500, m1/2 = A0 =
1.5 TeV and φ1 = φ3 = π/10. The corresponding electron EDM is
already above its experimental limit. 163

11.1 SM contribution to K 0 − K̄ 0 mixing. 170

11.2 Gluino contribution to K 0 − K̄ 0 mixing, from [18]. 172
11.3 Leading chargino-up-squark contribution to K − K̄ mixing, from
[19]. 174
0
11.4 Leading chargino-up-squark contributions to ε /ε, from [19]. 179

12.1 Penguin diagrams for ∆B = 1 transitions with chargino (χ+ I ) exchanges

0
at the first order in mass insertion. Here Ũ , Ũ = {ũ, c̃, t̃}, with indices
h, k, m, n = {L, R} and I, J = {1, 2}. The cross symbol in the squark
propagator indicates the mass insertion. The corresponding diagrams at
zero order in mass insertion are simply obtained by removing the mass
insertion in the propagators of up-type squarks (Ũ ). 190
12.2 Box diagrams for ∆B = 1 transitions with chargino exchanges at the
first order in mass insertion, where Ũ , Ũ 0 = {t̃, c̃, ũ}, U = {c, u}, and
D = {b, s, d}, where h, k, l, n, r, m, q = {L, R}. 190
12.3 Penguin diagrams for ∆B = 1 transitions with gluino exchanges at the
first order in mass insertion, where h, k = {L, R}. 191
 List of Figures  xix

12.4 Box diagrams for ∆B = 1 transitions with gluino exchanges at the first
order in mass insertion, where q = {b, c, s, d, u} and h, k, m = {L, R}. 191
d

d


12.5 SΦKS as a function of arg[ δLL ] and arg[ δLR ] with the gluino
23
d

23

d
contribution of one mass insertion δLL 23 and δLR 23
. The region
inside the two horizontal lines corresponds to the allowed experi-
mental region at 2σ level (from [20]). 195
u u
12.6 SΦKS as a function of arg[(δLL )32 ]and arg[(δRL )32 ] with the
u u
chargino contribution of one mass insertion (δLL )32 and (δRL )32
(from [20]). 196
d

d


12.7 Sη0 KS as a function of arg[ δLL ] and arg[ δLR ] with the gluino
23
d

23

d
contribution of one mass insertion δLL 23 and δLR 23 . The region
inside the two horizontal lines corresponds to the allowed experi-
mental region at 2σ level (from [20]). 197
u u
12.8 SΦKS as a function of arg[(δLL )32 ]and arg[(δRL )32 ] with the
u u
chargino contribution of one mass insertion (δLL )32 and (δRL )32
(from [20]). 198

13.1 Feynman diagrams of `i → `j γ in the SS model. 212

13.2 BR(µ → eγ) as a function of MRi in the SS model. 213
13.3 BR(µ → eγ) as a function of the universal soft SUSY breaking
terms m0 , M1/2 and A0 in the SS model. 213
13.4 The correlation between BR(µ → eγ) and BR(τ → µγ) in the SS
model. 214

14.1 Contour plots of µ0 at tree-level in the (m0 , tan β 0 )-plane for MZ 0 =

2000 GeV (left) and MZ 0 = 4000 GeV (right). The other parameters
are M1/2 = 0.5 TeV, tan(β) = 10, A0 = 1.5 TeV, Yx,ii = 0.42. The
full lines correspond to the case including gauge kinetic mixing, the
dashed lines are without kinetic mixing, taken from [21]. 226
14.2 The evolution of the B − L scalar masses from the GUT to the TeV
scale for m0 = M1/2 = A0 = 1 TeV and Ys3 ∼ O(1), taken from [22]. 232
14.3 The lightest sneutrino mass as function of m0 for m1/2 = 1.5 TeV
and A0 = 2.5 TeV, so that the SM-like Higgs boson mass is within
experimental limits, taken from [22]. 234
0
14.4 BRs of the Z decays in the BLSSM-IS as a function of MZ 0 (note
that fermion species are summed over), for gBL = 0.5 and g̃ = 0.1,
taken from [22]. 235
14.5 Feynman diagram for q q̄ → Z 0 → νh ν¯h → W W ll. 236
xx  List of Figures

14.6 Number of events versus the transverse mass of the ‘4lepton+

ETmiss ’ system (left) and the missing transverse energy (right). The
expected SM backgrounds are included. The luminosity assumed
here is 3000 fb−1. Note that the bin width is 10 GeV, taken from [22]. 237
14.7 The ratio R(Z 0 ) (as defined in the text) versus the Z 0 mass for the
four heaviest benchmark points in Tab. 14.3.3.1, taken from [22]. 239
14.8 (Left panel) Number of events versus the missing transverse energy.
(Right panel) Number of events versus the transverse momentum of
the leading jet. Distributions are for the mono-jet case given after
the jet selection only. The energy is 14 TeV whereas the integrated
luminosity is 300 fb−1 . Here, MZ 0 = 2.5 TeV and gBL = 0.4. Plots
taken from [22]. 240
14.9 The dominant annihilation diagrams in the case of a Z eB−L -like
LSP. Note that the u-channel is also taken into consideration for
each diagram. 240
14.10 The dominant annihilation diagrams in the case of a χ̃1 -like LSP.
For the last two diagrams, the u-channel is also considered. 241
14.11 The dominant annihilation diagrams in the case of a χ̃2 -like LSP.
Note that u-channel topologies are also taken into consideration
alongside the t-channel ones. 241
14.12 Distribution of the DM candidates over the MSSM (left) and
BLSSM (right) parameter space compatible with all other exper-
imental bounds against the relic abundance constraint at 2σ level
(i.e., 0.09 < Ωh2 < 0.14). The colour scheme refers to the DM
nature as illustrated in the legends. Taken from Ref. [23]. 242
14.13 Differential cross section in the final state invariant mass, denoted
√
by Ml+ l− , at the LHC ( s = 14 TeV) for DY production (l = e
or µ only) in presence of a Z 0 with and without the (separate)
contribution of exotic D-quarks with µDi = 250 GeV for MZ 0 =
1.2 TeV. Plot taken from [24]. 246
√
14.14 Cross section at the LHC ( s = 14 TeV) for pair production of
exotic D-quarks as a function of the invariant mass of a DD pair.
Similar cross sections of tt and bb production are also included for
comparison. Plot taken from [24]. 246
 List of Figures  xxi

15.1 Lightest CP-even and lightest CP-odd Higgs masses versus tan β
and vs for the MSSM, NMSSM, nMSSM, ESSM and PQ limit. Only
the theoretical constraints are applied, with vs = 500 GeV (for
tan β-varying curves), tan β = 2 (for vs -varying curves). Input pa-
rameters of λ = 0.5, Aλ = 500 GeV, κ = 0.5, Aκ = −250 GeV,
2 3
tF = −0.1MSUSY , tS = −0.1MSUSY , where MSUSY = 500 GeV and
Q = 300 GeV, the renormalisation scale, are taken. The genuine
SUSY parameters adopted are At = 1 TeV, MQ̃ = MŨ = 1 TeV.
The U (1)P Q limit allows one massive CP-odd Higgs whose mass is
equivalent to that of the ESSM CP-odd Higgs. (The figure is taken
from [25].) 260
15.2 Mass ranges of the lightest CP-even and CP-odd and the charged
Higgs bosons in each extended-MSSM model from the grid and ran-
dom scans. Explanation of extremal bounds and their values are
provided for each model. Explanations are: Th.–theoretical bound
met, value not sensitive to limits of the scan parameters. Scan–value
sensitive to limits of the scan parameters. State crossing–value has
maximum when crossing of states occurs (specifically for A1 and A2
in the NMSSM and nMSSM). LEP–experimental constraints from
LEP. αZZ 0 –experimental constraints in the ESSM on the Z − Z 0
mixing angle. (The figure is taken from [25].) 261
15.3 Lightest Higgs boson mass versus the lightest sneutrino mass (from
[22]). 264
15.4 Exclusions on the mass of the lightest A boson of the NMSSM
(top) and nMSSM (bottom) via the gg → hSM → AA → 4τ cross
section from a variety of ATLAS and CMS searches during Run
1. Here, 2τ 2ν and 2b2µ analyses have been recast in the 4τ mode.
(The benchmarks for the nMSSM are those of [26].) The figure is
adapted from [27]. 266
15.5 Colour contours of the BR(hSM → A1 A1 ) in the κ–Aκ plane of the
ESSM (other parameter values are specified in [28] (from which the
plot is taken) for their benchmark point labelled BMA). 267
15.6 The BLSSM CP-even Higgs masses versus mA0 for gBL = 0.4 and
g̃ = −0.4 (from [29]). 267
0
15.7 The number of events from the signal pp → h, h → ZZ → 4l (red
filled histogram) and from the background pp → Z → 2lγ ∗ → 4l
(blue filled histogram) versus the invariant mass of the outgoing
particles (4-leptons) against data taken from [11]. The plot is from
Ref. [30]. 269
xxii  List of Figures

15.8 The number of events from the signal pp → h, h0 → γγ (purple filled

histogram), from the background pp → γγ (red dotted histogram)
and from the sum of these two (blue dotted histogram) versus the
invariant mass of the outgoing particles (di-photons) against data
taken from [31]. The plot is from Ref. [30]. 270

16.1 SUSY breaking in the hidden sector Hidden sector and transmission
to the visible sector Visible sector via a mediator. 273

17.1 Gauge mediation Gauge mediation SUSY breaking. 283

17.2 One loop generation of the gaugino mass in the GMSB. 284
17.3 Examples of two loop generation of the scalar mass in the GMSB.
Similar diagrams can be obtained from the first diagram by re-
placing the scalar loop by a fermion loop or by changing the three
interaction vertices to the allowed four point interactions. 285
17.4 RGE running of the mass parameters in GMSB for the messenger
scale with Λ = 4.2 × 105 , M = 0.9 × 1013 and tan β = 50. 286
17.5 (Left) Higgs mass as a function of MS . Red points correspond to
Higgs boson mass within the experimental limits. (Right) M − Λ
plane in mGMSB (n5 = 1) for tan β = 10. Red points satisfy all
constraints and lead to 124 GeV ≤ mh ≤ 126 GeV. Gray points are
consistent with the electroweak symmetry breaking, but they are
excluded by the LHC. Green points satisfy all constraints except
the Higgs mass. 288
17.6 (Left) Lightest stop mass versus the gluino mass. (Right) Lightest
stau mass versus the lightest neutralino mass. Red points correspond
to Higgs within the experimental limits. Green and grey points as
defined in the above plot. 289
17.7 Mass correlation between gravitino and stau. The lower solid line
corresponds to 1 mm free length of stau in the process τ̃R → τ G̃,
while the upper solid line represents the free length of 10 m. 290

18.1 Closed string (left) and open string (right). 291

18.2 Gaugino condensation scalar potential as function of Re[S] and
Re[T ] (with Re[T ] = Im[T ]). 300
18.3 Higgs mass mh as a function of the gravitino mass m3/2 . The area
between the red (horizontal) lines shows the region for which the
Higgs mass lies between 124-126 GeV. 302
 List of Figures  xxiii

18.4 Constraints on the (m3/2 , cos θ) plane in the discussed string in-
spired model by the Higgs mass limit and the relic abundance of
the neutralino LSP. Green points correspond to Higgs boson mass
within the experimental limits. Red points satisfy the relic abun-
dance constraints. Gray points are consistent with the EWSB, but
they are excluded by the LHC constraints. 304
18.5 Higgs boson mass (left) and lightest neutralino mass (right) as func-
tion of cos θ for m3/2 ∈ [0.1, 3] TeV. The colour codes in the right-
panel are as in Fig. 18.4. 305
29 −12
18.6 The scalar potential V (τ ) (multiplied by 10 ) with W0 = −10 ,
A = 1, a = 1. The blue curve shows the AdS minimum, while the
green and red curves exhibit the uplifting to dS minimum via δV =
E3 E2 −25
τ 3 , τ 2 , respectively, with E3 = 3.5 × 10 and E2 = 1.13 × 10−26
(from [32]). 306
18.7 Swiss cheese Swiss cheese structure in the large volume scenario. 310
18.8 Higgs mass mh as a function of the gravitino mass m3/2 . The region
at left of the green line is disallowed by the gluino mass constraint,
while the area between the red lines shows the region for which the
Higgs mass lies between 124-126 GeV (from [32]). 312
List of Tables

4.1 SM and SUSY particle states in the MSSM. The family indices are
implicit. 43

6.1 Higgs coupling coefficients in the MSSM to isospin +1/2 and −1/2
fermions and to the gauge bosons W ± , Z, as first appearing in
Eqs. (6.69) and (6.70). 83
6.2 MSSM Higgs coupling coefficients to sfermions f˜ = q̃, `,
˜ as first ap-
pearing in Eq. (6.69). For the leptonic case, the mixing matrices
QLi and QRi should be replaced by the corresponding slepton mix-
ing matrices LLi and LRi , respectively. 83
6.3 MSSM Higgs couplings to charged Higgs bosons, charginos and
sfermions relative to SM couplings. Qii and Sii (i = 1, 2) are related
to the mixing angles between the charginos χ̃± ±
1 and χ̃2 , see [33–35]. 93

7.1 Possible selected points in the cMSSM considered for analysis by the
CMS and ATLAS experiments. 109

10.1 Bounds on the imaginary parts of the mass insertions. The chi-
ral quark model for the neutron is assumed. Here x = m2g̃ /m2q̃ =
m2χ̃ /m2l̃ with mq̃ = 1000 GeV and ml̃ = 500 GeV. For different
squark/slepton masses the bounds are to be multiplied by mq̃ /1000
GeV or ml̃ /500 GeV. 165
10.2 Bounds on the imaginary parts of the mass insertions imposed by
the mercury EDM. For the squark masses different from 1000 GeV,
the bounds are to be multiplied by mq̃ /1000 GeV. 165

d

d


11.1 Limits on Re δ12 AB
δ12 CD
, with A, B, C, D = (L, R), for an
average squark mass mq̃ = 1 TeV and for different values of x =
m2g̃ /m2q̃ . Since the LHC constraints imply that mg̃ > ∼ 1 TeV, x must
be larger than one. 173
d

d


11.2 Limits on Im δ12 AB
δ 12 CD
, with A, B, C, D = (L, R), for an
average squark mass mq̃ = 1 TeV and for different values of x =
m2g̃ /m2q̃ . 174

xxv
xxvi  List of Tables
q
u ) ] 2
11.3 Bounds on Re [(δLL 21 from ∆MK (assuming a zero CKM
u
phase). To obtain the corresponding bounds on δ ≡ (δLL )11 −
u
(δLL )22 , these entries are to be multiplied by 4.6. These bounds
are largely insensitive to tan β in the range 3–40 and to µ in the
range 200–500 GeV. 175
q
11.4 Bounds on u ) ]2 from ε. These bounds are largely in-
Im [(δLL 21
sensitive to tan β in the range 3–40 and to µ in the range 200–500
GeV. 175


11.5 Limits from ε0 /ε < 2.7 × 10−3 on Im δ12 d
, for an average squark
mass mq̃ = 500 GeV and for different values of x = m2g̃ /m2q̃ . For
different values of mq̃ , the limits can be obtained by multiplying
2
the ones in the table by (mq̃ (GeV)/500) . 178
u 0
11.6 Bounds on Im(δLL )21 from ε . For some parameter values the mass
insertions are unconstrained due to the cancellations of different
contributions to ε0 . These bounds are largely insensitive to tan β in
the range 3–40. (Notice that µ is set to 200 GeV.) 180

12.1 Upper bounds on real parts of combinations of mass insertions

d
(δAB )31 , with (A, B) = L, R, from gluino contributions to ∆MBd
(assuming zero SM contribution), evaluated at mq̃ = 1 TeV. As
usual, x = (mg̃ /mq̃ )2 . 184
12.2 Upper bounds on mass insertions from ∆MBd versus M2 , for Mq̃ =
1 TeV, µ = 500 GeV, and tan β = 10. 186
12.3 Upper bounds on mass insertions from ∆MBd versus M2 , for Mq̃ =
1 TeV, µ = 500 GeV, and tan β = 10. 186

13.1 New chiral superfields appearing in the effective Type I/II/III see-
saw models. While n15 = 1 is sufficient to explain neutrino data, n1
and n24 must be at least 2. 203
13.2 New chiral superfields appearing in models with inverse and linear
seesaw. 205

14.1 Chiral superfields appearing in models with U (1)R ×U (1)B−L gauge

sector, which incorporate minimal, linear Linear seesaw and inverse
seesaw Inverse seesaw mechanisms. 216
14.2 Vector superfields appearing in models with U (1)R × U (1)B−L
gauge sector. 216
14.3 Vector superfields appearing in models with U (1)Y × U (1)B−L
gauge sector. 219
 List of Tables  xxvii

14.4 Chiral superfields appearing in models with U (1)Y × U (1)B−L

gauge sector. The minimal particle content is needed for Type I
seesaw, the additional fields can be used to incorporate inverse or
linear seesaw. The SU (2)L doublets are named as in Tab. 14.1. The
Z2 in the last column is not present in the minimal model but just
in the model with inverse and linear seesaw. The number of gener-
ations of N̂S0 must match those of N̂S for anomaly cancellation. 220
14.5 Representative pp → Z 0 → ee rates (σ× BR) for different Z 0
√
masses/couplings at the LHC ( s = 8 TeV) in the BLSSM-IS,
taken from [22]. 236
14.6 The U (1)Y and U (1)N charges of matter fields in the ESSM, where
QN Y
i and Qi are defined here with the correct E6 normalisation
factor required for the RG analysis. 243

15.1 Higgs bosons of the MSSM and several of its extensions. We denote
the single CP-odd state in the MSSM and UMSSM by A2 for easier
comparison with the other models. 254

D.1 Input quantities used in the phenomenological analysis. 326

Exploring the Variety of Random
Documents with Different Content
The Project Gutenberg eBook of Congress
Hotel, Home of a Thousand Homes
This ebook is for the use of anyone anywhere in the United States
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Title: Congress Hotel, Home of a Thousand Homes

Author: Irving S. Paull

W. S. Goodnaw

Illustrator: Sam Stoltz

A. Fred Tellendar

Release date: June 28, 2016 [eBook #52422]

Most recently updated: October 23, 2024

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*** START OF THE PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK CONGRESS

HOTEL, HOME OF A THOUSAND HOMES ***
Transcriber's Note:

The spelling in this short text is a mixture of American and British English. The
little French is both accented correctly and missing accents. The spellings
below are exactly as found in the original.
 Congress Hotel
Home of
a Thousand Homes
 Rare and Piquant
Dishes
of
Historic
Interest
Copyrighted by
N·M·Kaufman
1914
True friends a few, a nice abode,
And dinners fine and Recherchés—
Far better such for peace of mind
Than Life's refrain "Ah Lack a Day."

—Grimrod de la Reyniere
 he epicure says we live to eat; the ascetic maintains we eat to
live. Perchance there is a grain of truth in the French maxim
that we eat to live only when we do not understand how to live to
eat. However that may be, those of us who are wise in our
generation are content with the golden mean between these widely
variant schools.

The dishes herein set forth are a few of the most piquant and rare in
all the enchanting lore of cookery. About many of them cluster
striking anecdotes of famous characters of history whose destinies
have been strangely influenced by their epicurean tastes and habits.

These and other culinary masterpieces are produced at the Congress

by artistes de cuisine, and served in their distinctive native form.
Those who have visited famous eating places abroad will be glad to
renew their acquaintance with these celebrated dishes. All who
appreciate exquisite cookery will find them a delightful treat.

These delicacies do not appear on the regular bill of fare, but on a

special menu card which may be had, upon request, from the maitre
d'hotel.
"Man is a carnivorous production
And must have meals—at least once a day
He cannot live, like woodcocks, upon suction."

—Lord Byron
 Beluga Caviar with Blinis
ussia has contributed many original dishes to the cuisine of the
world, but perhaps the greatest alimentary gift of all for which
we are indebted to the land of the tsars is Beluga Caviar with Blinis.

The blinis, which take the place of the French toast canape, are a
Russian adaptation or version of American wheatcakes except that
they are not sweetened. When the blinis are done to a rich golden
brown they are brought to the table piping hot and the caviar, taken
from a jar sunk in ice, is spread on top.

At the Congress the blinis are made and served in true Russian style,
with specially imported pearl egg Beluga Caviar—the favorite of all
epicures.

Tradition says this dish was originated in the Russian Winter Palace
during the reign of Tsar Alexander, uncle of the present emperor.
Alexander was an illustrious gourmet, and, so the story goes, was as
much at home in the mysteries of cookery as in the intrigues of
state. But whether he or his chef conceived this typically Russian
dish, tradition does not disclose.
"The combat deepens. On ye brave,
The Cordon Bleu—and then the grave
Wave Landlord, all thy menus wave,
And charge with all thy deviltry."

—Old Ballad
 Tomato Volga
ussia is justly famed as the land of hors d' oeuvres—delightful
whets that clear the palate. But none of these delicacies are
more tempting to the epicure than Tomato Volga.

That chef—his name unhappily is not known—who bestowed this

culinary gift upon the elect is worthy of our deepest gratitude. Only
in the land of the Volga is the worth of such gastronomic artists
rightly appraised. Endowed with perfect technique, clear palates and
inexhaustible patience, chefs there are considered in a class apart—
second only to the nobles.

At the Congress, Tomato Volga is served in a manner that would

delight the heart of its creator. Only the finest vine ripened tomatoes
—tributes of the hotbed—are used. The pommes de amour, as the
French call them on account of their beautiful red hue, are hollowed
out and stuffed with Beluga caviar and grated yolks of eggs.

The blending produces an exquisite result—one that would flatter

even the most blasé palate.
"The stewed cock shall crow, cock-a-loodle loo,
A loud cock-a-loodle shall he crow;
The duck and the drake shall swim in a lake
Of onions and claret below."

—Fletcher
 Poule au Pot Henri Quatre
ince the day when good King Henri Quatre vowed that every
peasant of France should have a fowl in his pot every Sunday,
this delightful soup has been named in his honor. Waving away the
exquisite bouillons, lordly consommes and rich bisques set before
him, it was Henri's wont to call for poule au pot.

And as he smacked the royal lips he swore that every subject in his
realm should have the happiness of tasting this kingly dish.

Poule au pot is served to patrons of the Congress just as it came to

Henri's table in days of old. A whole capon, swimming in his own
broth, is brought to the table in a huge terrine, with a great silver
ladle. Then the capon is taken out, carved at one side and served in
the same dish as the rich broth.

Its palatable taste, as well as its unique and distinctive service,

makes this dish a prime favorite among those who dine well.
Flow wine, smile woman
And the universe is consoled.

—Old Proverb
 Consomme Nids d'Hirondelles
ince the days of Kublai Khan, the Great, whose Tartar hordes
swept over China centuries ago, swallows nest soup has been a
luxury to grace the table of epicures and kings.

The exquisite taste of this typical Oriental delicacy so delighted the

palates of the Tartar kings, says tradition, that tidings of it were
carried back to Europe by traders and wanderers. So in time the
news reached Paris and Chinese swallows nests soon were brought
from the far East—priceless luxuries for the delectation of the
anointed.

The nests, which are gathered in cliffs, are composed of a gelatinous

substance, said to be the spawn of fish, and impart a delightful
piquancy to chicken stock. Alexander Dumas—as celebrated a
gastronomer as a writer—upon tasting the consomme pronounced it
a dish fit for the gods.

Only the choicest of these nests—collected from the most perilous

ledges along the Asiatic Coast—are used by the Congress chefs in
preparing this culinary rarity.
"This Bouillabaise a noble dish is—
A sort of soup or broth, or brew,
Or hotchpotch of all sorts of fishes,
That Greenwich never could outdo:
Green herbs, red peppers, mussels, saffron,
Soles, onions, garlic, roach and dace:
All these you eat at Terre's tavern
In that one bowl of Bouillabaise.

"Indeed, a rich and savoury stew 'tis;

 And true philosophers, methinks,
Who love all sorts of natural beauties,
Should love good victuals and good drinks.
And Cordelier or Benedictine
Might gladly, sure, his lot embrace,
Nor find a fast-day too afflicting,
Which served him up a Bouillabaise."

—Thackeray's "Ballad of Bouillabaise"

 Bouillabaise
ts fragrant aroma, its sweet spiciness and its unmatched sauce
in which mussels and other denizens of the deep have been
brewed to a wondrous flavor have won for Bouillabaise the
appellation: "The Dish of Kings."

In the stirring days just before the Third Empire of France it wooed
the palates of famous bon vivants who thronged the cafes of Paris—
among them William Makepeace Thackeray. And beef-fed Briton that
he was—upon being initiated into the delightful mysteries of
Bouillabaise, Thackeray was moved to write a ringing ballad in its
praise.

As the smoking Bouillabaise comes from the sanctum of the

Congress Chef to your table, it wafts an incense upon which, alone,
"man could live and thrive." And its flavor—well if Thackeray could
feast with you who knows but that he would be inspired to pen a
postlude to his charming roundelay.
"Tom, whom to-day no noise stirs,
Lies buried in these cloisters.
If at the last trump
He does not quickly jump,
Only cry: 'Oysters!'"

—Epitaph on a Grave at Colchester, England

 Oysters Bourguignonne
he delectable savour of oysters delighted the palates of epicures
as far back as the time of Apicius—the celebrated Roman
gourmet who moved his palace to the seashore in order to have
fresh shellfish for his table.

When Apicius discovered how to keep oysters alive during long

journeys he narrowly escaped being deified. But the bivalves which
he knew were tiny dwarfs—like our clams. How he would have been
transported at the sight of a dozen luscious Sadde Rochs or
Malpecques. And for a dish of Lynnhavens a la Bourguignonne from
the kitchen at the Congress—well he squandered an estate for less.

The oysters are placed in a pan moistened with olive oil. The Chef's
deft hand bestows a pianissimo touch of garlic and just a suspicion
of onion. Then the bivalves are placed in the oven and roasted in
their own fortresses, as it were. Soon the shells open and the rich
liquor pours out. Thus, bathed in this delicious juice, they are
brought to the table and served.

It was Napoleon III, who upon tasting this crustacean delicacy,

exclaimed: "A delicious flash of gustatory lightning."
"The cook produced an ample dish
Of frizzled sole, those best of fish,
Embrowned, and wafting through the room,
All spluttering still, a rich perfume."
 Filet of Sole Marguery
y originating this dish, an obscure restaurant keeper of Paris
achieved a place among the immortals of cookery. The high
relief of piquant sauce which sole requires, M. Marguery supplied in
a flavoring with little mussels in it. So delightfully did it enhance the
dish that a distinguished company of bon vivants who happened into
the humble Marguery restaurant one night pronounced it a triumph.

The next day M. Marguery awoke to find himself and his sole
famous. He soon was on the road to wealth and the dingy little
eating shop grew into the magnificent establishment with which
visitors to Paris are familiar.

The genius who presides over the range at the Congress is shown at
his best in the reproduction of this exquisite culinary treat. The crisp
tenderness of the browned sole and the piquant flavor of the sauce
is the tribute of an artist to the immortal name of Marguery.
"Cookery is like matrimony—two things
served together should match."

—Yuan Mei, the Savarin of China

 Noisettes of Beef Tenderloin
a la Rossini
ossini, a contemporary and friend of Dumas and Balzac—two
famous fourchettes—was not only a distinguished composer, but
also a cook of ability. This dish of his invention bears witness of his
skill and rivals in seductiveness the sweet strains of "The Barber of
Seville."

Dumas once complained to Rossini that he had tasted everything

eatable and sighed, like Alexander, for new culinary worlds to
conquer. Whereupon the musician promised the great romancist that
his palate should enjoy a new sensation.

That evening at Rossini's table Dumas sat down before a wonderful

dish. Dainty slices of tenderloin were fried in oil, portions of chicken
liver sauted in butter were placed on these, the whole being capped
with a slice of truffle and bathed in a delightful Madeira sauce.
Dumas—himself a master juggler of the saucepans—pronounced the
dish a more glorious creation than any of the composer's operas.

It is the proud boast of the Congress chef that the cookery of this
dish requires an artist's delicate perception as truly as does the
rendition of Rossini's sweetest arias.
Lucullus one day ate alone. Whereupon, his chef, thinking that a
$500 dinner would suffice, acted accordingly.

At the end of the repast, his face flushed with Falernian, Lucullus
sent for the chef and took him to task. There were no fig-peckers
and the prized spawn of the sea lamprey was missing.

"But seigneur," said the chef, "you were alone."

"At such time," responded his master, "you must remember that
Lucullus dines with Lucullus."
 Salmi of Partridge
almi is perhaps the finest preparation of game which historic
cookery has bequeathed to us. Like other masterpieces of art, it
has never been improved upon. The wonderful sauce brings out the
delightful woodland flavor in which the partridge excels—as all
sportsmen who love to tramp afield when the woods are covered
with a shroud of autumn frost can attest.

In the Congress kitchen this delectable native of the cover is

prepared according to the original recipe given to Grimrod de la
Reyniere, the famous French epicure by the prior of an English
abbey. After the bird is roasted it is cooked in white wine, then
immersed in melted butter and served hot with mushrooms and
truffles.

When the witty Grimrod first tasted this dish he remarked that one
must take care to eat with the fork for fear of devouring a finger
should it be baptized with the exquisite sauce.
"It is difficult to imagine a happier conjunction than the blending of
symbols when the arms of a sportsman are quartered with those of
a cook."

—John Aldergrove
 Venison a la Cumberland
he saddle of venison for centuries has been the symbol of civic
luxury in England and is held in highest esteem by epicures. An
offspring of wild Nature—fed upon its sweet fruits and vegetation, it
exhales the very essence of the forest. In addition venison possesses
the admirable virtue of calling forth the rare flavor of port, Bordeaux
or Burgundy.

A choice cut from the ruddy flesh of the roebuck—that monarch of

the north woods—is skillfully prepared for the oven by the Congress
chef. When it has received just the right caress from the flames' heat
it is brought to the table smoking hot and served with the exquisite
Cumberland sauce—the invention of the gifted Francatelli, officier de
bouche to Queen Victoria.

In this sauce, port or Bordeaux is the dominant chord. The

translucent ruby red which the currant jelly imparts to the sauce
contrasts beautifully with the embrowned roast, thus giving the eyes
almost as delightful a treat as the palate.
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