COLLEGE OF EDUCATION
Surname: CASILLANO Given Name: MIA GRASHELA M.I:
Student Number 21-02273 Course/Year/Section BEED 3
Subject: The Teaching Profession
Chapter: Unit 3: Philosophy in Education and Personal Philosophy of Teaching
Topic: Eastern Philosophies
• Hinduism • Confucianism • Zen Buddhism
• Buddhism • Taoism • Christian Philosophy
• Saracen Philosophy
Learning Outcomes:
At the end of this unit, the BEED 3 students are expected to attain the following with at least
85% level of proficiency.
a. Identify the different eastern religion and its teaching,
b. Explain the implications of eastern philosophies to education;
c. Value the importance of eastern philosophy and its influence to the world.
Lesson Content
Eastern Philosophies
➢ An eastern education philosophy holds on to the concept of teaching. It instills values
of self-discipline, obedience and diligence in the students. It focuses on the knowledge
derived from religion, which helps them grow spiritually. Students in away receive
knowledge in a rigid way as they only learn and study straightly from the teachers.
1. HINDUISM
Background:
➢ The main religion of India which includes the worship of many gods and the belief that
after you die you return to life in a different form.
➢ Hinduism is a collective term applied to the many philosophical and religious traditions
native to India.
➢ Hinduism has neither a specific moment of origin nor a specific founder. The tradition
understands itself to be timeless, having always existed.
➢ . One of the most fascinating aspects of Hinduism is its belief in reincarnation - the idea
that after death, one's soul is reborn into a different form. This concept is deeply
ingrained in the fabric of Hindu society and is a fundamental aspect of their religious
practices. The idea of reincarnation gives Hindus a sense of comfort and hope, as they
believe that death is not the end but rather a continuous cycle of birth, death, and
rebirth.
MAJOR BELIEFS
➢ Samsara- Circle of birth, life, death and rebirth
➢ Karma- if you do good things, good things will happen to you, if you do bad things, bad
things will happen to you.
➢ Moksha- Release from samsara (the circle of birth, life, death, and rebirth). Freedom
from the eternal cycle of life.
Hinduism in Education
The ultimate goal of education in Hindu philosophy is to achieve revelation or
Brahman. Hinduism argues that true empowerment emerges through an understanding of the
sources of knowledge, not just its components, which in turn leads to unity with the universe.
Thus, Hindu view of learning does not limit itself in learning of facts and figures, but
emphasizes in developing wisdom by forming a connection between mind, body and spirit.
➢ The teacher shows the way and imparts knowledge by his own example,
responsible for the students’ spiritual welfare.
➢ The students aim to remember everything by heart and gain mastery of every
subject learned.
➢ Teaching method are oral and memory intensive, discussion and debates.
2. BUDDHISM
Background:
➢ Founder: Siddhartha Gautama Buddha, which means “enlightened one”
➢ Lived in 5 th century BC
➢ Born into the Brahmin caste – led a luxurious lifestyle
➢ Upon reflection, he deduced that desire was the root cause of all suffering.
Buddhism in Education
The goal of Buddhist education is to attain wisdom. The Buddha taught us that
the main objective of our practice was to achieve this ultimate wisdom.
The chief aim of Buddhist education is all round development of child's
personality. This includes his physical, mental, moral and intellectual development. The other
aims of Buddhist Education are to make a free man, a wise, intelligent, moral, non-violent &
secular man.
➢ The primary role of a teacher is to deliver classroom instruction that helps
students learn. To accomplish this, teachers must prepare effective lessons, grade
student work and offer feedback, manage classroom materials, productively navigate
the curriculum, and collaborate with other staff.
3. CONFUCIANISM
Background:
➢ Founded on the beliefs of K'ung Fu Tzu or Kong Fuzi (Confucius)
➢ Teachings were collected in the Analects
➢ Deals with individual and moral ethics and the proper use of political power.
Six Ethical Teachings:
Li: etiquette
Hsiao: Love within the family
Yi: righteousness
Xin: honesty/trustworthiness
Jen: humaneness towards others
Chung: loyalty
Who is Confucius?
• The most important philosopher in early Chinese history
• Confucius never wrote his ideas.
• After his death, his students collected his sayings in the Analects.
• His ideas did spread to many parts of the world.
• Confucius is credited with establishing the content and methods of teaching
CONTRIBUTIONS
• Confucius promoted education for the poor and underprivileged.
• Confucius set up private institutions to teach students of all social classes.
• Confucian education system remained the standard in China for over two thousand
years.
• For Confucius, education is essential because excellence comes from the cultivation of
individual's virtues and intellect.
Confucianism in Education
➢ The core of Confucian educational philosophy is how we learn to be human. Human
beings are the ends not the means. Confucius believed that the ultimate end of learning
was to realize the true nature of human beings –become fully human.
➢ Confucius believed in the equality and educability of all people. He viewed
education as a means of transformation, the discovery of human
nature, and the cultivation of character. Through education, virtues are developed
and integrated.
4. TAOISM
Background:
➢ The founding figure Lao – Tzu:
➢ He introduced and explained the main Taoist concepts and applied its philosophy to
human conduct.
➢ He designed the behavior of the political leaders in conformity.
➢ Tao means the “way or path”
➢ Believe that the persons action should be influenced by instinct and conscience.
➢ The Yin-Yang (yin-yang philosophy says that the universe is composed of competing
and complementary forces like dark and light, sun and moon, and male and female.
Taoism in Education
➢ For the Taoist, education is a solo quest without walls or boundaries. In Taoism, the
key is not to know something; the key is to understand it. One goes about this
through education and transformation. This kind of education is also natural; it just
needs to be recognized as such and developed to its fullest.
➢ . Taoism believes that true wisdom does not come from external sources, but rather
from within oneself. Therefore, the key to unlocking this wisdom is not to accumulate
facts and figures, but to embark on a journey of self-discovery and personal growth.
This process involves recognizing and acknowledging one's own nature and inner
truths, as well as developing them to their fullest potential.
➢ This type of education in Taoism is not a formal or structured one, but rather a natural
and intuitive one. It is believed that every individual possesses innate knowledge and
wisdom, and it is through self-education that they can tap into these inner resources.
By observing the cycles and patterns of nature, one can gain a deeper understanding
of themselves and their place in the universe.
➢ Furthermore, Taoist teachings emphasize the importance of constant transformation
and evolution. Just as nature is constantly changing and adapting, humans are also
expected to continuously grow and evolve.
5. ZEN BUDDHISM
Background:
What does “Zen” mean?
➢ The word “Zen” is the Japanese pronunciation of the Chinese “Ch’an,” which means
“meditation.” Ch’an came to Japan and became “Zen” around the eighth century.
Today, the word “Zen” is in more general use in the West.
➢ Zen Buddhism is a determined, uncompromising, cut-to-the-chase, meditation-based
Buddhism that takes no interest in doctrinal refinements. Not relying on scripture,
doctrine or ritual, Zen is verified by personal experience and is passed on from master
to disciple, hand to hand, ineffably, through hard training.
➢ Zen Buddhism is a unique and distinct form of Buddhism that is rooted in meditation
and personal experience rather than doctrine and ritual. This discipline is known for its
unwavering focus on the present moment and a no-nonsense approach to spiritual
enlightenment.
Zen Buddhism in Education
➢ Zen is simply to be completely alive. Zen is short for Zen Buddhism. It is sometimes
called a religion and sometimes called a philosophy. Zen in its essence is the art of
seeing into the nature of one's own being, and it points the way from bondage to
freedom. Zen is meditation.
➢ Zen is a school of Buddhism which emphasizes the practice of meditation as the key
ingredient to awakening one’s inner nature, compassion and wisdom. The practice of
meditation (Zen in Japanese) as a means of attaining enlightenment was introduced as
we have seen by the Buddha himself.
6. CHRISTIAN PHILOSOPHY
Background:
➢ God is the Creator of the universe.
➢ Christians believe that Jesus died for humanity, that God raised him from the dead, and
that Jesus will come again at the end of time. In addition, Christians believe in the
Trinity, or the three parts of God: God the Father or Creator, God the Son (Jesus) or
Redeemer, and God the Holy Spirit or Sanctifier.
Christian Philosophy in Education
➢ When elementary, middle and high schools, as well as colleges and universities, are
guided by a Christian philosophy of education, there is more to daily assignments than
Bible study and more to the environment than dress codes and disciplinary policies.
➢ The Christian philosophy of education encompasses all areas of the educational life
of students, including core subject curriculum, character building and practical living,
both now and in the future.
➢ Learning and understanding through the lens of the Bible at a Christian school gives
students of all ages the opportunity to stay true to their spiritual values while receiving
a high-quality education in preparation for the future.
7. SARACEN PHILOSOPHY
Background
➢ Saracen, in the Middle Ages, any person—Arab, Turk, or other—who professed the
religion of Islām. Earlier in the Roman world, there had been references to Saracens
(Greek: Sarakenoi) by late classical authors in the first three centuries, the term being
then applied to an Arab tribe living in the Sinai Peninsula.
➢ Development of an individual initiative & social welfare – liberal education in its truest
sense.
➢ Begins w/ religious education
➢ Memorization of the Qur'an
Saracen Philosophy in Education
➢ Saracenic education aimed at the development of individual initiative and social
welfare-liberal education in its truest sense. All education began with religious
education and memorization of the Koran. It was a simple religion emphasizing a high
degree of tolerance with the faith.
➢ This emphasis on religion not only instilled a strong moral code in students, but also
fostered a deep understanding and appreciation for their faith. However, this
educational approach was far from narrow-minded or dogmatic in its focus on religion.
On the contrary, the Saracenic education system placed a high value on intellectual
curiosity, critical thinking, and open-mindedness. This is evidenced by the fact that
religious education was just one aspect of a well-rounded curriculum that also included
subjects such as mathematics, science, literature, and art.
Implication of Eastern Philosophy in Education
Compared to the Western education, Eastern Education philosophy holds on to the
concept of teaching. Students receive full knowledge from the teachers inside the classroom.
The teaching and learning process through Eastern education philosophy stresses on
the major outcomes from the teachers. It means that, teachers are fully responsible on the
class effectiveness, by preparing and planning all the activities for their students.
Relationship Between Teachers and Students
Compared to the Western education, Eastern education philosophy holds on to the
concept In Eastern culture, the teacher-student relationship is a position of trust in which the
teacher is in a position of authority and the student is in the position of being obligated to
comply with the legal directives of the adult (Chory & McCroskey, 1999).
Evaluation Questions:
1. Explain the seven philosophies mentioned. How are these eastern philosophies
influencing the teaching and learning process in a classroom setting?
2. What are the important contributions of these philosophies? Cite examples.
3. Compare and contrast the seven (7) eastern philosophies.
References:
➢ https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/st-paul-university-surigao/bachelor-of-arts-in-
political-science/module-3-the-teaching-profession/37278777
➢ https://www.scribd.com/document/518747178/Module-3-Eastern-Philosophy
➢ https://www.slideshare.net/syednomanali/eastern-philosophy
➢ https://www.scribd.com/document/533442095/Eastern-Philosophy-Religion-and-
Education-FINAL
