Mendelian Genetics
Mendelian Genetics
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Word Hunt
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Word Hunt
•Genetics •Genes
•Phenotype •Mendel
•Genotype •Heredity
•Dominant •Expression
•Recessive •Traits
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Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the learners must have
achieved the following learning objectives:
a. Demonstrate an understanding of the history
of genetics through basic timelining.
b. Differentiate dominant and recessive traits
through picture analysis.
c. Identify phenotypic and genotypic traits
through situational analysis.
Take a look
Observe
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Let’s watch a video
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What is it?
Defining genetics
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Genetics
Genetics is the study of genes and how
traits are inherited from one generation to
the next. Genes are made of DNA and act
like instructions that determine things like
eye color, height, and even the risk of
certain diseases.
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Genetics
Genetics helps explain why family members
look alike and why some traits are passed
down while others aren’t.
How?
Brief history
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Gregor Mendel
Gregor Mendel, known as the
"Father of Genetics," was an
Austrian monk who discovered
the basic principles of inheritance
through experiments with pea
plants in the 1860s.
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Pea plants experiment
Mendel grew pea plants in a monastery
garden and observed how traits like flower
color, seed shape, and plant height were
passed from one generation to the next. He
noticed that some traits seemed to
"disappear" in one generation but
reappeared in the next.
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Pea plants experiment
Take note
Key discoveries
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Key discoveries (Law of segregation)
Each parent passes only one of their two
gene copies to their offspring.
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Key discoveries (Law of segregation)
• Organisms have two alleles for each gene (one
from each parent).
• During gamete (sperm/egg) formation, these
two alleles separate (segregate) so each gamete
gets only one allele.
• The offspring then inherits one allele from each
parent, forming a new pair.
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Key discoveries (Law of independent assortment)
The Law of Independent Assortment is one of
Mendel’s laws of inheritance, stating that genes
for different traits are inherited separately from
one another.
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Key discoveries (Law of independent assortment)
• Genes for different traits (like flower color and
seed shape) do not affect each other’s
inheritance.
• Each gene pair assorts independently during
gamete formation.
• This leads to genetic variation in offspring.
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Key discoveries (Dominant and recessive traits)
Dominant trait → Shows up if at least one
dominant allele is present (B_ = brown eyes).
Recessive trait → Only shows up if both alleles
are recessive (bb = blue eyes).
What else?
Phenotype and Genotype
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Phenotypes
Phenotype is the physical appearance or
traits of an organism, which result from its
genotype (genes) and environmental
factors.
i.e. (height, color, shape, texture, etc.)
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Phenotypes
When we talk about phenotype, that is
something that we usually use to describe
the organism.
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Genotypes
Genotype is the genetic makeup of an
organism—the set of genes it inherits from
its parents. It determines potential traits but
isn’t always visible.
i.e. [homozygous tall (TT), heterozygous tall
(Tt), homozygous short (tt), etc.]
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Genotypes
Genotype is usually presented as upper case
and lower-case letters. We also add a
description to identify whether the allele
pair is homozygous or heterozygous.
What else?
Dominant and Recessive
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Dominant
A dominant allele is a version of a gene that
always shows its trait when present, even if
paired with a different allele.
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Recessive
A recessive allele is a version of a gene that
only shows its trait when both copies are
recessive. If a dominant allele is present, the
recessive trait is hidden.
Observe
Dominant vs Recessive
Learning test
Let ’s play (Mingle Game)
Ever wondered?
Everyday questions
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Have you ever heard other
people saying, “huy, kamukha
mo yung mama/papa mo”?
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It is normal for people to say that since
there will be some shared traits between an
offspring and their parent. When we get our
blood type checked, that’s an application of
genetics.
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Based on your observations, what
are some traits that you share with
your parents?
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Do you have any traits that seem to
be unique to you?
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When there are traits that don’t seem to be
expressed with your parents, does that
mean that you are not related to them?
Let’s sum things up
Summary
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Summary
Mendelian genetics is the study of how
traits are inherited from one generation to
the next, based on the principles first
described by Gregor Mendel in the mid-19th
century. Mendel, an Austrian monk,
conducted experiments with pea plants to
understand how traits were passed down.
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Summary
Genes and Alleles: Traits are controlled by
genes, which come in different versions
called alleles.
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Summary
Dominant and Recessive Traits: Some alleles
are dominant, meaning they mask the
expression of recessive alleles when both
are present.
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Summary
Law of Segregation: During the formation of
gametes (sperm and egg cells), each parent
contributes one allele for each gene, which
segregates independently.
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Summary
Law of Independent Assortment: Alleles for
different traits are distributed to gametes
independently of one another.
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Summary
Mendel's work laid the foundation for
modern genetics, explaining how traits are
inherited and how genetic variation occurs.
Mendelian Genetics
